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641 lines
18 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>C# Compiler Incremental Compilation</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../rotor.css">
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<body>
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<h1>C# Compiler Incremental Compilation</h1>
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<p>This topic is based on a Microsoft developer design document that describes
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specific stages of the implementation of the C# compiler. This topic is included
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here as a potential guide to understanding portions of the C# source code. </p>
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<p>The following is an outline of the stages of <b>COMPILER::CompileAll()</b>.</p>
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<h3>Read Incremental Information</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Reads incremental file.</li>
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<li>Checks file list and command line arguments.<br>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Declare</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><b>ParseTopLevel</b>.</li>
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<li>Create NSDECLSYMs.</li>
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<li>Create AGGSYMs.</li>
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<li>Changed sources.</li>
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<li>Sets access and kind (<b>isClass</b>, <b>isInterface</b>, <b>isEnum</b>,
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<b>isStruct</b>, <b>isDelegate</b>).</li>
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<li>If type list changed, do full rebuild.</li>
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<li>Unchanged sources and metadata.</li>
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<li>Sets access and approximates kind (cannot set <b>isEnum</b>, <b>isStruct</b>,
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or <b>isDelegate</b>
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until base is resolved).</li>
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</ul>
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<p>All types in the compilation are known; however note the following:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>The kind (class, struct, and so on) is not necessarily correct.</li>
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<li>Types have no members or bases.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Check for change in type list. A change to the following will cause a full
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rebuild:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Number of types.</li>
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<li>File a type was declared in.</li>
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<li>Accessibility of a type.</li>
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<li>Addition or removal of a type.<br>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Resolve Inheritance</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Resolves namespace using clauses.</li>
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<li>Sets <b>isResolvingBaseClasses</b>.</li>
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<li>Binds to base class and implemented interfaces and resolve recursively.</li>
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<li>Sets kind for types imported from metadata and declared in unchanged
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sources.</li>
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<li>Sets <b>hasResolvedBaseClasses</b>.</li>
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<li>If base has changed, sets full rebuild.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>All types have:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Base class and interface lists are set.</li>
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<li>Kind (<b>isEnum</b> or <b>isStruct</b>) is set.</li>
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<li>Resolved using clauses for namespaces.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>It is now legal to look up types in any context.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Check for changes in the inheritance hierarchy. </li>
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<li>If any change is detected, stop resolving the inheritance hierarchy before
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the change is made and recover to a full rebuild.<br>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Define</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Special classes (<b>Object</b>, <b>AttributeUsage</b>, marked as conditional or
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obsolete) have members defined.</li>
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<li>Declares global (module and assembly) attributes.</li>
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<li>Sets isDefined bit on AGGSYMs.</li>
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<li>Defines aggregate members non-recursively:<ul>
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<li>Does not define property accessors.</li>
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<li>Does not check explicit interface implementations.</li>
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<li>Uses 'name' attribute for indexers.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Sets special compile time attributes:<ul>
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<li>Obsolete attribute.</li>
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<li>Attribute-usage attribute.</li>
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<li>Conditional attribute.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Evaluates compile time constants:<ul>
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<li>Might cause other types to be defined on demand.</li>
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<li>Might cause other constants to be evaluated on demand.</li>
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<li>Causes files to be marked as changed if they are required to be in a
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defined state to evaluate a constant.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Changed files have all public members declared (except property accessors).
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<br>
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Public (non-private, to be precise) interface is compared against metadata.
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<br>
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If a type has changed, all dependant files are added to the changed list.
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<br>
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If the changed threshold is reached (50% of files have been read from source),
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recover to a full rebuild. </p>
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<p>At this point, the final decision is made for either an incremental or a full
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rebuild. </p>
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<p>For an incremental rebuild, read member definitions for all unchanged files
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from metadata. </p>
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<h3>Prepare</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Prepare base classes and implemented interfaces.<ul>
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<li>For metadata and unchanged sources reads members from metaimport.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Set <b>isPrepared</b>.</li>
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<li>Build abstract method list.</li>
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<li>Build implemented interface list.</li>
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<li>Set isOverride bit on imported methods.</li>
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<li>For changed sources.<ul>
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<li>Check definitions against inherited members (new and override).</li>
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<li>Define property accessors.</li>
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<li>Check explicit interface implementations.</li>
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<li>Resolve layout for structs.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Common Language Specification</h3>
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<p>Common language specification checking on all members performed.</p>
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<h3>Emit (EmitTokens and Compile)</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Initializes emitter iface.</li>
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<li>Tokens for all members are emitted.</li>
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<li>Assembly options emitted to alink.</li>
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<li>Members compiled.</li>
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<li>Attributes emitted.</li>
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<li>Method bodies emitted.</li>
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<li>Finish output file.</li>
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<li>Do resources.</li>
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<li>Finish assembly emit.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Write Incremental Information</h3>
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<p>Writes incremental information file.</p>
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<h3>Marking a Source Input File as Changed</h3>
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<p>Things that cause a file to be marked as changed:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>The file time stamp has changed since the last rebuild.</li>
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<li>A file dependancy had an interface change.</li>
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<li>A changed file requires to evaluate one of its constants that is defined
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in the current file.</li>
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<li>Backing out to a full rebuild.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>State a file can be in:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Undeclared.<ul>
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<li>The file is fresh, we simply declare as normal.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Declared.<ul>
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<li>The text contents of the file are unchanged.</li>
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<li>Declarations for the types in the file have been read in from old
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metadata.</li>
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<li>The list of types (and their namespaces) contained in this file can not
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have changed.</li>
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<li>Parse file.</li>
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<li>Declare file:<ul>
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<li>Creates new NSDECLSYMs for the file.</li>
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<li>Matches the new parse trees to the existing AGGSYM declarations.</li>
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<li>Re-parents the AGGGSYMs to the new NSDECLSYMs.</li>
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<li>Leaves orphan NSDECLSYMs from the metadata import.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Bases resolved.<ul>
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<li>Same as declared except:<ul>
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<li>The type list has not changed, so the base list for this type cannot
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have changed.</li>
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<li>Never import the member definitions for a source file from metadata
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until you know you are never going to back out to a full rebuild.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Backing Out to a Full Rebuild</h3>
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<p>To back out to a full rebuild, all remaining unchanged files are marked as
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changed. This forces them to be brought up to the current stage.</p>
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<h3>Emitting Metadata and Incremental Update</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Stages of metadata:<ul>
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<li>Has type list changed?<ul>
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<li>New types.</li>
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<li>Deleted types.</li>
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<li>Accessibility.</li>
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<li>Kind (enum, struct, class, delegate).</li>
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<li>Base class.</li>
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<li>Implemented interfaces.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Has the interface type changed?<ul>
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<li>For each public member token in metadata:<ul>
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<li>Find matching symbol (except any property accessors, as they are not
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created yet).</li>
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<li>Compare metadata and symbol.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Count public members from metadata.</li>
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<li>Count public members from symbols (add the uncreated property
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accessors to count).</li>
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<li>Compare counts of public members.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Match existing tokens to symbols.</li>
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<li>Reemit tokens in changed files.<ul>
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<li>Delete tokens that are nolonger present.</li>
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<li>Add new tokens.</li>
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<li>Update tokens that have not changed.<br>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Types</h3>
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<h4>Interface Changed</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Check to see if type list has changed during ResolveBase.</li>
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<li>Do not add or delete types.</li>
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<li>Check custom attributes:<ul>
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<li>Attribute-Usage.</li>
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<li>Obsolete.</li>
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<li>CLS-Compliant Attribute.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Reemit</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Delete related tokens:<ul>
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<li>Custom Attributes.</li>
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<li>Permissions <b>tdHasSecurity</b>.</li>
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<li>Class Layout.</li>
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<li>MethodImpls.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Set flags with <b>SetTypeDefProps</b>.</li>
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<li>Base, interfaces remain unchanged.</li>
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<li>Emit Custom Attributes:<ul>
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<li>User custom attributes.</li>
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<li>Pseudo-custom attributes:<ul>
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<li>StructLayout
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tdLayoutMask</li>
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<li>Guid</li>
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<li>ComImport
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tdImport</li>
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<li>InterfaceType</li>
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<li>ClassInterface</li>
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<li>Serializable
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tdSerializable</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Compiler Generated:<ul>
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<li>DefaultMember.</li>
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<li>StructLayout on structs.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Parameters</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Check by method for HasChanged.</li>
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<li>Don't add or delete parameter tokens.</li>
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<li>All parameter tokens must have the 'name' member set.</li>
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<li>Return value tokens are optional - only emitted if they have custom
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attributes.<br>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Reemit</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Delete related tokens:<ul>
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<li>Custom Attributes.</li>
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<li>Field Marshal.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>DefineParamProps - set flags and clear PCAs.</li>
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<li>Emit Custom Attributes:<ul>
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<li>User custom attributes.</li>
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<li>Pseudo-custom attributes.<ul>
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<li>In pdIn.</li>
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<li>Out pdOut.</li>
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<li>Optional pdOptional.</li>
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<li>Marshal pdHasFieldMarshal.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Compiler generated CAs.<ul>
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<li>ParamArray</li>
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<li>Out</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Methods</h3>
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<h4>Emit</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>EmitMethodDef:<ul>
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<li>Sets flags, signature, name, and parent.</li>
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<li>Emits MethodImpls if required.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>EmitMethodInfo<ul>
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<li>Sets MethodImpl flags.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Emit Custom Attributes.</li>
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<li>Emit Method RVA.</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>HasChanged</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Find existing symbol based on:<ul>
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<li>Name</li>
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<li>Return type</li>
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<li>Parameter types</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Check match on:<ul>
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<li>Accessibility</li>
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<li>Paramarray</li>
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<li>Varargs</li>
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<li>Static</li>
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<li>Virtual/override/abstract/new/sealed</li>
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<li>Operator/implicit/explicit</li>
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<li>Custom Attributes:<ul>
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<li>Conditional</li>
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<li>Obsolete</li>
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<li>CLS </li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Reemit</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Find existing symbol based on:<ul>
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<li>Name</li>
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<li>Return type</li>
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<li>Parameter types</li>
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<li>Is static</li>
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<li>Is varargs</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Delete related tokens:<ul>
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<li>Custom Attributes</li>
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<li>PInvoke Map</li>
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<li>Permissions</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Set flags with SetMethodProps<ul>
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<li>Note: cannot reset the signature.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Add MethodImpl tokens.</li>
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<li>Emit Custom Attributes:</li>
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<li>User custom attributes<ul>
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<li>Pseudo-custom attributes<ul>
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<li>DllImport mdPinvokeImpl</li>
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<li>MethodImpl miPreserveSig, miInternalCall, miSynchronized, miNoInlining</li>
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<li>PreserveSig miPreserveSig</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Compiler-generated custom attributes.<br>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Method Impls Structure</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Done during method emit.</li>
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<li>Deleted as related tokens of the type.</li>
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<li>Added again during method reemit.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Fields</h3>
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<h4>Emit</h4>
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<ul>
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<li><b>EmitMembVarDef</b><ul>
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<li>Name, flags, signature, parent, and constant value</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Emit custom attributes:<ul>
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<li>User custom attributes</li>
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<li>Pseudo-custom attributes:<ul>
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<li>NonSerialized fdNotSerialized</li>
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<li>Marshal fdHasFieldMarshal</li>
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<li>FieldOffset</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Compiler Generated custom attributes.<ul>
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<li>Decimal Constant<br>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>HasChanged</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Find existing symbol based on:<ul>
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<li>Name </li>
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<li>Type</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Check match on:<ul>
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<li>Accessibility</li>
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<li>Static/const/readonly</li>
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<li>Constant value</li>
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<li>Volatile</li>
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<li>Custom attributes:<ul>
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<li>Obsolete</li>
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<li>CLS-compliant</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Reemit</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Find existing symbol based on:<ul>
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<li>Name</li>
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<li>Type</li>
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<li>Static</li>
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<li>Volatile</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Delete related tokens:<ul>
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<li>Custom attributes.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Set flags and constant value.</li>
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<li>Emit custom attributes.<br>
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<br>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Properties</h3>
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<h4>Emit</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Nothing emitted for explicit property implementations.<ul>
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<li>Method impls structure only</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>EmitPropertyDef:<ul>
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<li>Parent, name, get, set, and signature.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Emit custom attributes:<ul>
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<li>User custom attributes .</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>HasChanged</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Find existing symbol based on:<ul>
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<li>Name</li>
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<li>Argument types</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Check match on:<ul>
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<li>Not checked - checked by accessors:<ul>
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<li>Accessibility</li>
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<li>Return type</li>
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<li>Varargs</li>
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<li>Param array</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Indexer name.</li>
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<li>Accessor count.</li>
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<li>Custom attributes:<ul>
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<li>Obsolete</li>
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<li>CLS</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h4>Reemit</h4>
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<ul>
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<li>Find existing symbold based on:<ul>
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<li>Name</li>
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<li>Indexer name</li>
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<li>Argument types</li>
|
|
<li>Return types</li>
|
|
<li>Is static</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Delete related tokens:<ul>
|
|
<li>Custom attributes.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Reset:<ul>
|
|
<li>Flags</li>
|
|
<li>Get/set tokens</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Emit custom attributes.<br>
|
|
<br>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3>Events</h3>
|
|
<h4>Emit</h4>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Nothing emitted for explicit event implementations.</li>
|
|
<li>EmitEventDef:<ul>
|
|
<li>Parent, name, type, add, and remove</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Emit custom attributes:<ul>
|
|
<li>User custom attributes.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h4>HasChanged</h4>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Find existing symbol based on:<ul>
|
|
<li>Name</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Check match on:<ul>
|
|
<li>Type</li>
|
|
<li>Access</li>
|
|
<li>Custom attributes:<ul>
|
|
<li>Obsolete</li>
|
|
<li>CLS </li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h4>Reemit</h4>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Find existing symbol based on:<ul>
|
|
<li>Name</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Delete related tokens:<ul>
|
|
<li>Custom attributes.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Reset:<ul>
|
|
<li>Flags</li>
|
|
<li>Type</li>
|
|
<li>Accessor tokens</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Emit custom attributes:<ul>
|
|
<li>User custom attributes<br>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3>Assembly</h3>
|
|
<h4>Emit</h4>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Emit Custom attributes:<ul>
|
|
<li>User custom attributes.</li>
|
|
<li>Pseudo-custom attributes.</li>
|
|
<li>Compiler-generated custom attributes:<ul>
|
|
<li>Security Permission</li>
|
|
<li>Debuggable </li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h4>HasChanged</h4>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Check for match on CLS-compliant attribute:<ul>
|
|
<li>Force full build on change.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h4>Reemit</h4>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Delete related tokens:<ul>
|
|
<li>Custom Attributes</li>
|
|
<li>Security Permissions</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Emit custom attributes.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3>Module</h3>
|
|
<h4><br>
|
|
Emit</h4>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Emit custom attributes:<ul>
|
|
<li>User custom attributes.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Compiler-generated custom attributes:<ul>
|
|
<li>UnverifiableCode</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h4>HasChanged</h4>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Check for match on CLS-compliant attribute:<ul>
|
|
<li>Force full build on change. </li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h4>Reemit</h4>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Delete related tokens:<ul>
|
|
<li>Custom attributes.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>Emit custom attributes.<br>
|
|
<br>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h4>Private Implementation Details</h4>
|
|
<h4>Emit</h4>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Track tokens by input file.</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h4>Reemit</h4>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Delete all tokens for all changed input files.<br>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><i>Copyright (c) 2002 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.</i><br>
|
|
</p>
|
|
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</body>
|
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</html> |