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260 lines
7.3 KiB
HTML
260 lines
7.3 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>MyC Compiler Sample</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../docs/rotor.css">
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>MyC Compiler Sample</h1>
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<h2>Sample Overview</h2>
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<p>The goal of the MyC compiler is to show the implementation of various
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features of the CLI. </p>
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<p>The following table shows the command-line options for this sample.</p>
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<table border="1" width="90%">
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<tr>
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<th>Option</th>
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<th>Description</th>
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<tr>
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<td><b>/debug </b>
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<td>Generates debug information.<tr>
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<td><b>/nodebug </b>
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<td>Prevents generation of debug information.<tr>
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<td><b>/list </b>
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<td>Generates an assembly listing (.asm).<tr>
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<td><b>/dll </b>
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<td>Creates a DLL assembly.
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<tr>
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<td><b>/exe </b>
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<td>Creates an executable assembly.
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<tr>
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<td><b>/outdir:path </b>
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<td>Creates output files in the current directory.</tr>
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</table>
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<h3>Architecture Diagram</h3>
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<p align="center"><img border="1" src="mycarch.gif" width="372" height="733"></p>
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<p align="left"> </p>
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<h3>MyC Language Specification</h3>
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<h4>Goals</h4>
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<p>The goal of the MYC compiler is to show common intermediate language (CIL)
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instructions and the CLI in action. </p>
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<h4>Overview </h4>
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<p>The compiler itself is a simple recursive descent parser with a single pass
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code generator. It generates an assembler source file which is then used as
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input to the IL Assembler. </p>
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<h4>Language Specification </h4>
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<p>The language is a subset of the C language with
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simplified declarations, both external and local. </p>
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<h4>Data Types </h4>
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<p>The only supported data types are <b>int</b> and <b>void</b>. Limiting
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these choices allows a simpler sample compiler design. </p>
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<h4>Data Declaration </h4>
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<p>Variables can be declared static or local. Implicit
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static declarations occur outside of function declarations. Local declarations
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can occur only at the beginnings of functions prior to statements. </p>
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<p>For example: </p>
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<PRE>int func1()
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{
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int y;
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}
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int x;
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int func2()
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{
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static int z;
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};
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</PRE>
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<P>
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In this example the variable <i>x</i> is a static declaration (by default) and the
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variable <i>y</i> is a local variable in function <b>func1()</b>. The variable
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<i>z</i> is actually a static, even though it is declared within a function.
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<h4>Flow Control </h4>
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<UL>
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<LI><b>if-else</b> blocks
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<LI><b>while</b> loops
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<LI><b>for</b> loops </LI>
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</UL>
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<h4>Restrictions </h4>
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<UL>
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<LI>Integer data
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<LI>Outer declarations only
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<LI>Static methods and function calls only </LI>
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</UL>
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<h3>Backus-Naur Definition</h3>
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<p>letter ::= "A-Za-z";<br>
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digit ::= "0-9";<br>
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<br>
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name ::= letter { letter | digit };<br>
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integer ::= digit { digit };<br>
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<br>
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ident ::= name | function_call;<br>
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function_call ::= name "(" [expr {, expr}] ")";<br>
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<br>
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factor ::= (ident | integer | "(" expr ")" );<br>
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unary_factor ::= ["+"|"-"] factor;<br>
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<br>
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term1 ::= ["*"|"/"] factor;<br>
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term0 ::= factor { term1 };<br>
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first_term ::= unary_factor term1;<br>
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<br>
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math_expr ::= first_term { ["+"|"-"] term0 }<br>
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rel_expr ::= math_expr ("=="|"!="|"<"|">"|">="|"<=") math_expr;<br>
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not_factor ::= ["!"] rel_expr;<br>
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term_bool ::= not_factor { ("&" | "&&") not_factor };<br>
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bool_expr ::= term_bool { ("|" | "^") term_bool };<br>
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expr ::= bool_expr;<br>
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<br>
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assign = ident "=" expr;<br>
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assign_stmt ::= assign ";" ;<br>
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if_stmt ::= "if" "(" expr ")" stmt_block [ "else" inner_block ];<br>
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while_stmt ::= "while" "(" expr ")" inner_block;<br>
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for_stmt ::= "for" "(" assign ";" expr ";" assign ")" inner_block<br>
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break_stmt ::= "break" ";";<br>
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cont_stmt ::= "continue" ";";<br>
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ret_stmt ::= "return" expr ";";<br>
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stmt ::= (<br>
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if_stmt<br>
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| while_stmt<br>
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| for_stmt<br>
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| break_stmt<br>
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| cont_stmt<br>
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| ret_stmt<br>
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| assign_stmt<br>
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);<br>
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inner_block ::= "{" { stmt } "}";<br>
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outer_block ::= "{" { inner_decl } { stmt } "}";<br>
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<br>
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inner_decl ::= [ class ] type ident { "," ident } ";";<br>
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<br>
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class ::= "extern" | "static" | "auto";<br>
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type ::= "int" | "void";<br>
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<br>
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params ::= type ident { , type ident };<br>
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outer_decl ::= [ class ] type ident { "," ident } ";";<br>
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func_decl ::= [ class ] type ident "(" params ")" outer_block;<h2>Sample Source and Build Output Locations</h2>
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<p>The sample source is found in sscli\samples\compilers\myc\src directory. The source
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files are:</p>
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<ul class="none">
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<li><a href="src/asm.cs">asm.cs</a></li>
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<li><a href="src/emit.cs">emit.cs</a></li>
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<li><a href="src/exe.cs">exe.cs</a></li>
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<li><a href="src/iasm.cs">iasm.cs</a></li>
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<li><a href="src/io.cs">io.cs</a></li>
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<li><a href="src/myc.cs">myc.cs</a></li>
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<li><a href="src/parse.cs">parse.cs</a></li>
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<li><a href="src/tok.cs">tok.cs</a></li>
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<li><a href="src/var.cs">var.cs</a></li>
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<li><a href="src/varlist.cs">varlist.cs</a></li>
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</ul>
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<p>The build output location is %TARGETCOMPLUS%\samples\compilers\myc.
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The output file is an executable assembly named myc.exe.</p>
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<h2>Building the Sample</h2>
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<p>All samples are built from the buildall script. </p>
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<p>You can also build all the
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samples by switching to the root of the sample directory, sscli\samples, and typing
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<code>build -c</code>.</p>
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<p>You can build this specific sample by switching to the sample directory and typing
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<code>build -c</code>.</p>
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<h2>Running the Sample</h2>
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<p>Because the MyC language does not support referencing external assemblies,
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use the Runtime Debugger to step through test applications built using MyC.</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Run env.bat or source the env.csh or env.sh script files depending on
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your platform.</li>
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<li>Build the SSCLI using the buildall script or batch file.</li>
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<li>Switch to the %TARGETCOMPLUS%\samples\compilers\myc directory.</li>
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<li>Type the following command:<blockquote>
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<p>clix myc /debug <i>inputfile</i></p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>where <i>inputfile</i> is the name of a MyC source file. For example:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>clix myc /debug tflow.myc</p>
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</blockquote>
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</li>
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<li>Debug the resulting assembly:</li>
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</ol>
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<blockquote>
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<blockquote>
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<p>cordbg tflow.exe</p>
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</blockquote>
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</blockquote>
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<h2>
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Known Issues </h2>
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<p>The debug line number count is off by 1.</p>
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<h2>References</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><i>Modern Compiler Implementation in C</i>, by Andrew W Appel.</li>
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<li><i>Algorithms in C++</i> by Robert Sedgewick.</li>
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<li><i>Advanced Compiler Design and Implementations</i>, by Steven S Muchnick.</li>
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<li><i>Compiler Construction</i>, by Niklaus Wirth.</li>
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<li><i>Principles of Compiler Design</i>, by Alfred V. Aho and and Jeffrey D. Ullman.</li>
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</ul>
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<hr>
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<p><i>Copyright (c) 2002 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.</i></p>
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</body>
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</html> |