diff --git a/test-int/mcp/test_read_note_integration.py b/test-int/mcp/test_read_note_integration.py
index 4068c1a3..0de3bae2 100644
--- a/test-int/mcp/test_read_note_integration.py
+++ b/test-int/mcp/test_read_note_integration.py
@@ -46,3 +46,57 @@ async def test_read_note_after_write(mcp_server, app, test_project):
         assert "# Test Note" in result_text
         assert "This is test content." in result_text
         assert "test/test-note" in result_text  # permalink
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_read_note_underscored_folder_by_permalink(mcp_server, app, test_project):
+    """Test read_note with permalink from underscored folder.
+
+    Reproduces bug #416: read_note fails to find notes when given permalinks
+    from underscored folder names (e.g., _archive/, _drafts/), even though
+    the permalink is copied directly from the note's YAML frontmatter.
+    """
+
+    async with Client(mcp_server) as client:
+        # Create a note in an underscored folder
+        write_result = await client.call_tool(
+            "write_note",
+            {
+                "project": test_project.name,
+                "title": "Example Note",
+                "folder": "_archive/articles",
+                "content": "# Example Note\n\nThis is a test note in an underscored folder.",
+                "tags": "test,archive",
+            },
+        )
+
+        assert len(write_result.content) == 1
+        assert write_result.content[0].type == "text"
+        write_text = write_result.content[0].text
+
+        # Verify the file path includes the underscore
+        assert "_archive/articles/Example Note.md" in write_text
+
+        # Verify the permalink has underscores stripped (this is the expected behavior)
+        assert "archive/articles/example-note" in write_text
+
+        # Now try to read the note using the permalink (without underscores)
+        # This is the exact scenario from the bug report - using the permalink
+        # that was generated in the YAML frontmatter
+        read_result = await client.call_tool(
+            "read_note",
+            {
+                "project": test_project.name,
+                "identifier": "archive/articles/example-note",  # permalink without underscores
+            },
+        )
+
+        # This should succeed - the note should be found by its permalink
+        assert len(read_result.content) == 1
+        assert read_result.content[0].type == "text"
+        result_text = read_result.content[0].text
+
+        # Should contain the note content
+        assert "# Example Note" in result_text
+        assert "This is a test note in an underscored folder." in result_text
+        assert "archive/articles/example-note" in result_text  # permalink