diff --git a/.github/workflows/github_actions.yml b/.github/workflows/github_actions.yml
index 880302da3..f5a79d9d0 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/github_actions.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/github_actions.yml
@@ -3,17 +3,28 @@ name: 'BrowserStack Test'
 on:
   pull_request_target:
     branches: [ master ]
-      
-jobs:    
+    types: [ labeled ]
+
+jobs:
   ubuntu-job:
     name: 'BrowserStack Test on Ubuntu'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest  # Can be self-hosted runner also
-    environment:
-      name: Integrate Pull Request
-    env: 
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event.label.name == 'safe_to_test'
+    env:
       GITACTIONS: true
     steps:
 
+      - name: 'Remove safe_to_test label'
+        uses: actions/github-script@v8
+        with:
+          script: |
+            await github.rest.issues.removeLabel({
+              owner: context.repo.owner,
+              repo: context.repo.repo,
+              issue_number: context.payload.pull_request.number,
+              name: 'safe_to_test'
+            });
+
       - name: 'BrowserStack Env Setup'  # Invokes the setup-env action
         uses: browserstack/github-actions/setup-env@master
         with:
@@ -27,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
           local-identifier: random
 
       - name: 'Checkout the repository'
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.event.pull_request.head.sha }}
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -40,11 +51,13 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           sudo apt update
           sudo apt install libcurl4 libcurl4-openssl-dev
+
       - name: 'Configure Bundle testing and install gems'
         run: |
           bundle config unset --local without
           bundle config set --local with 'test' 'development'
           bundle install
+
       - name: 'Run BrowserStack simple verification'
         run: |
           bundle exec rake browserstack --trace
diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index b6a795aa9..08fa8d132 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ gem 'rake', '~> 13.3'
 gem 'activerecord', '~> 8.1'
 gem 'otr-activerecord', '~> 2.6.0'
 gem 'sqlite3', '~> 2.9'
-gem 'rubocop', '~> 1.84.1', require: false
+gem 'rubocop', '~> 1.85.0', require: false
 
 # Geolocation support
 group :geoip do
@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ group :test do
   gem 'simplecov', '~> 0.22'
   gem 'test-unit-full', '~> 0.0.5'
   gem 'rspec', '~> 3.13'
-  gem 'rdoc', '~> 7.1'
+  gem 'rdoc', '~> 7.2'
   gem 'browserstack-local', '~> 1.4'
 
-  gem 'irb', '~> 1.16'
+  gem 'irb', '~> 1.17'
   gem 'pry-byebug', '~> 3.12'
 
   gem 'rest-client', '~> 2.1.0'
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ group :test do
   # Note: selenium-webdriver 3.x is incompatible with Firefox version 48 and prior
   # gem 'selenium' # Requires old version of selenium which is no longer available
   gem 'geckodriver-helper', '~> 0.24.0'
-  gem 'selenium-webdriver', '~> 4.40'
+  gem 'selenium-webdriver', '~> 4.41'
 
   # Note: nokogiri is needed by capybara which may require one of the below commands
   # sudo apt-get install libxslt-dev libxml2-dev
diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index ff4604ea0..a2ddae7b8 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -85,16 +85,22 @@ GEM
     io-console (0.8.2)
     io-endpoint (0.15.2)
     io-like (0.4.0)
-    irb (1.16.0)
+    irb (1.17.0)
       pp (>= 0.6.0)
+      prism (>= 1.3.0)
       rdoc (>= 4.0.0)
       reline (>= 0.4.2)
     json (2.18.1)
+    json-schema (6.1.0)
+      addressable (~> 2.8)
+      bigdecimal (>= 3.1, < 5)
     language_server-protocol (3.17.0.5)
     lint_roller (1.1.0)
     logger (1.7.0)
     matrix (0.4.3)
     maxmind-db (1.4.0)
+    mcp (0.7.1)
+      json-schema (>= 4.1)
     method_source (1.1.0)
     mime-types (3.7.0)
       logger
@@ -115,27 +121,27 @@ GEM
       net-protocol
     netrc (0.11.0)
     nio4r (2.7.4)
-    nokogiri (1.18.9-aarch64-linux-gnu)
+    nokogiri (1.19.1-aarch64-linux-gnu)
       racc (~> 1.4)
-    nokogiri (1.18.9-aarch64-linux-musl)
+    nokogiri (1.19.1-aarch64-linux-musl)
       racc (~> 1.4)
-    nokogiri (1.18.9-arm-linux-gnu)
+    nokogiri (1.19.1-arm-linux-gnu)
       racc (~> 1.4)
-    nokogiri (1.18.9-arm-linux-musl)
+    nokogiri (1.19.1-arm-linux-musl)
       racc (~> 1.4)
-    nokogiri (1.18.9-arm64-darwin)
+    nokogiri (1.19.1-arm64-darwin)
       racc (~> 1.4)
-    nokogiri (1.18.9-x86_64-darwin)
+    nokogiri (1.19.1-x86_64-darwin)
       racc (~> 1.4)
-    nokogiri (1.18.9-x86_64-linux-gnu)
+    nokogiri (1.19.1-x86_64-linux-gnu)
       racc (~> 1.4)
-    nokogiri (1.18.9-x86_64-linux-musl)
+    nokogiri (1.19.1-x86_64-linux-musl)
       racc (~> 1.4)
     otr-activerecord (2.6.0)
       activerecord (>= 6.0, < 9.0)
     parallel (1.27.0)
     parseconfig (1.1.2)
-    parser (3.3.10.1)
+    parser (3.3.10.2)
       ast (~> 2.4.1)
       racc
     power_assert (2.0.5)
@@ -158,7 +164,7 @@ GEM
       mojo_magick (~> 0.6.5)
       rqrcode_core (~> 1.0)
     racc (1.8.1)
-    rack (3.2.4)
+    rack (3.2.5)
     rack-protection (4.2.1)
       base64 (>= 0.1.0)
       logger (>= 1.6.0)
@@ -170,7 +176,7 @@ GEM
       rack (>= 1.3)
     rainbow (3.1.1)
     rake (13.3.1)
-    rdoc (7.1.0)
+    rdoc (7.2.0)
       erb
       psych (>= 4.0.0)
       tsort
@@ -198,10 +204,11 @@ GEM
       diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
       rspec-support (~> 3.13.0)
     rspec-support (3.13.6)
-    rubocop (1.84.1)
+    rubocop (1.85.0)
       json (~> 2.3)
       language_server-protocol (~> 3.17.0.2)
       lint_roller (~> 1.1.0)
+      mcp (~> 0.6)
       parallel (~> 1.10)
       parser (>= 3.3.0.2)
       rainbow (>= 2.2.2, < 4.0)
@@ -219,7 +226,7 @@ GEM
       json
       rest-client
     securerandom (0.4.1)
-    selenium-webdriver (4.40.0)
+    selenium-webdriver (4.41.0)
       base64 (~> 0.2)
       logger (~> 1.4)
       rexml (~> 3.2, >= 3.2.5)
@@ -322,7 +329,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   eventmachine (~> 1.2, >= 1.2.7)
   execjs (~> 2.10)
   geckodriver-helper (~> 0.24.0)
-  irb (~> 1.16)
+  irb (~> 1.17)
   json
   maxmind-db (~> 1.4)
   mime-types (~> 3.7)
@@ -335,13 +342,13 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   rack (~> 3.2)
   rack-protection (~> 4.2.1)
   rake (~> 13.3)
-  rdoc (~> 7.1)
+  rdoc (~> 7.2)
   rest-client (~> 2.1.0)
   rspec (~> 3.13)
-  rubocop (~> 1.84.1)
+  rubocop (~> 1.85.0)
   rubyzip (~> 3.2)
   rushover (~> 0.3.0)
-  selenium-webdriver (~> 4.40)
+  selenium-webdriver (~> 4.41)
   simplecov (~> 0.22)
   sinatra (~> 4.1)
   slack-notifier (~> 2.4)
diff --git a/core/filters/base.rb b/core/filters/base.rb
index c8da8ff9a..1c152aca9 100644
--- a/core/filters/base.rb
+++ b/core/filters/base.rb
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ module BeEF
     def self.has_valid_browser_details_chars?(str)
       return false unless is_non_empty_string?(str)
 
-      !(str =~ %r{[^\w\d\s()-.,;:_/!\302\256]}).nil?
+      (str =~ %r{[^\w\d\s()-.,;:_/!\302\256]}).nil?
     end
 
     # Check for valid base details characters
diff --git a/core/filters/browser.rb b/core/filters/browser.rb
index c7c4cb1fa..d441e91ec 100644
--- a/core/filters/browser.rb
+++ b/core/filters/browser.rb
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ module BeEF
     def self.is_valid_browsername?(str) # rubocop:disable Naming/PredicatePrefix
       return false unless is_non_empty_string?(str)
       return false if str.length > 2
-      return false if has_non_printable_char?(str)
+      return false unless has_valid_browser_details_chars?(str)
 
       true
     end
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ module BeEF
     # @return [Boolean] If the string has valid Operating System name characters
     def self.is_valid_osname?(str) # rubocop:disable Naming/PredicatePrefix
       return false unless is_non_empty_string?(str)
-      return false if has_non_printable_char?(str)
+      return false unless has_valid_browser_details_chars?(str)
       return false if str.length < 2
 
       true
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ module BeEF
     # @return [Boolean] If the string has valid Hardware name characters
     def self.is_valid_hwname?(str) # rubocop:disable Naming/PredicatePrefix
       return false unless is_non_empty_string?(str)
-      return false if has_non_printable_char?(str)
+      return false unless has_valid_browser_details_chars?(str)
       return false if str.length < 2
 
       true
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ module BeEF
     # @return [Boolean] If the string has valid browser / ua string characters
     def self.is_valid_browserstring?(str) # rubocop:disable Naming/PredicatePrefix
       return false unless is_non_empty_string?(str)
-      return false if has_non_printable_char?(str)
+      return false unless has_valid_browser_details_chars?(str)
       return false if str.length > 300
 
       true
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ module BeEF
     # @return [Boolean] If the string has valid system platform characters
     def self.is_valid_system_platform?(str) # rubocop:disable Naming/PredicatePrefix
       return false unless is_non_empty_string?(str)
-      return false if has_non_printable_char?(str)
+      return false unless has_valid_browser_details_chars?(str)
       return false if str.length > 200
 
       true
diff --git a/core/main/handlers/browserdetails.rb b/core/main/handlers/browserdetails.rb
index 4d75411b2..8e28482a6 100644
--- a/core/main/handlers/browserdetails.rb
+++ b/core/main/handlers/browserdetails.rb
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ module BeEF
 
           # hooked window host name
           log_zombie_port = 0
-          if !@data['results']['browser.window.hostname'].nil?
+          if !@data['results']['browser.window.hostname'].nil? && BeEF::Filters.is_valid_hostname?(@data['results']['browser.window.hostname'])
             log_zombie_domain = @data['results']['browser.window.hostname']
           elsif !@data['request'].referer.nil? and !@data['request'].referer.empty?
             referer = @data['request'].referer
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ module BeEF
           end
 
           # hooked window host port
-          if @data['results']['browser.window.hostport'].nil?
+          if @data['results']['browser.window.hostport'].nil? || !BeEF::Filters.is_valid_port?(@data['results']['browser.window.hostport'].to_s)
             log_zombie_domain_parts = log_zombie_domain.split(':')
             log_zombie_port = log_zombie_domain_parts[1].to_i if log_zombie_domain_parts.length > 1
           else
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ module BeEF
             BD.set(session_id, 'browser.name.friendly', browser_friendly_name)
           else
             err_msg "Invalid browser name returned from the hook browser's initial connection."
+            browser_name = 'Unknown'
           end
 
           if BeEF::Filters.is_valid_ip?(zombie.ip)
@@ -242,11 +243,17 @@ module BeEF
             X_FORWARDED
             X_FORWARDED_FOR
           ].each do |header|
-            proxy_clients << (JSON.parse(zombie.httpheaders)[header]).to_s unless JSON.parse(zombie.httpheaders)[header].nil?
+            val = JSON.parse(zombie.httpheaders)[header]
+            unless val.nil?
+              val.to_s.split(',').each do |ip|
+                proxy_clients << ip.strip if BeEF::Filters.is_valid_ip?(ip.strip)
+              end
+            end
           end
 
           # retrieve proxy server
           proxy_server = JSON.parse(zombie.httpheaders)['VIA'] unless JSON.parse(zombie.httpheaders)['VIA'].nil?
+          proxy_server = nil unless proxy_server.nil? || BeEF::Filters.has_valid_browser_details_chars?(proxy_server)
 
           # store and log proxy details
           if using_proxy == true
@@ -273,6 +280,7 @@ module BeEF
             BD.set(session_id, 'browser.version', browser_version)
           else
             err_msg "Invalid browser version returned from the hook browser's initial connection."
+            browser_version = 'Unknown'
           end
 
           # get and store browser string
@@ -293,7 +301,11 @@ module BeEF
 
           # get and store browser language
           browser_lang = get_param(@data['results'], 'browser.language')
-          BD.set(session_id, 'browser.language', browser_lang)
+          if BeEF::Filters.has_valid_browser_details_chars?(browser_lang)
+            BD.set(session_id, 'browser.language', browser_lang)
+          else
+            err_msg "Invalid browser language returned from the hook browser's initial connection."
+          end
 
           # get and store the cookies
           cookies = get_param(@data['results'], 'browser.window.cookies')
@@ -309,6 +321,7 @@ module BeEF
             BD.set(session_id, 'host.os.name', os_name)
           else
             err_msg "Invalid operating system name returned from the hook browser's initial connection."
+            os_name = 'Unknown'
           end
 
           # get and store the OS family
@@ -322,15 +335,28 @@ module BeEF
           # get and store the OS version
           # - without checks as it can be very different, for instance on linux/bsd)
           os_version = get_param(@data['results'], 'host.os.version')
-          BD.set(session_id, 'host.os.version', os_version)
+          if BeEF::Filters.has_valid_browser_details_chars?(os_version)
+            BD.set(session_id, 'host.os.version', os_version)
+          else
+            err_msg "Invalid operating system version returned from the hook browser's initial connection."
+            os_version = 'Unknown'
+          end
 
-          # get and store the OS arch - without checks
+          # get and store the OS arch
           os_arch = get_param(@data['results'], 'host.os.arch')
-          BD.set(session_id, 'host.os.arch', os_arch)
+          if BeEF::Filters.has_valid_browser_details_chars?(os_arch)
+            BD.set(session_id, 'host.os.arch', os_arch)
+          else
+            err_msg "Invalid operating system architecture returned from the hook browser's initial connection."
+          end
 
           # get and store default browser
           default_browser = get_param(@data['results'], 'host.software.defaultbrowser')
-          BD.set(session_id, 'host.software.defaultbrowser', default_browser)
+          if BeEF::Filters.has_valid_browser_details_chars?(default_browser)
+            BD.set(session_id, 'host.software.defaultbrowser', default_browser)
+          else
+            err_msg "Invalid default browser returned from the hook browser's initial connection."
+          end
 
           # get and store the hardware type
           hw_type = get_param(@data['results'], 'hardware.type')
diff --git a/extensions/admin_ui/media/javascript/ui/panel/zombiesTreeList.js b/extensions/admin_ui/media/javascript/ui/panel/zombiesTreeList.js
index e9c1c2ace..3d81e42e4 100644
--- a/extensions/admin_ui/media/javascript/ui/panel/zombiesTreeList.js
+++ b/extensions/admin_ui/media/javascript/ui/panel/zombiesTreeList.js
@@ -467,24 +467,26 @@ try{
 		}
 
 		// set zombie hover balloon text for tree node
+		// Use Ext.util.Format.htmlEncode() to prevent XSS via malicious browser properties
+		var encode = Ext.util.Format.htmlEncode;
 		var balloon_text = "";
-		balloon_text += hooked_browser.ip;
+		balloon_text += encode(hooked_browser.ip);
 		balloon_text += "<hr/>"
 		balloon_text += "<img width='13px' height='13px' class='zombie-tree-icon' src='<%= @base_path %>/media/images/favicon.png' /> ";
-		balloon_text += "Origin: " + hooked_browser.domain + ":" + hooked_browser.port;
+		balloon_text += "Origin: " + encode(hooked_browser.domain) + ":" + encode(hooked_browser.port);
 		balloon_text += "<br/>";
 		balloon_text += "<img width='13px' height='13px' class='zombie-tree-icon' src='<%= @base_path %>/media/images/icons/" + escape(browser_icon) + "' /> ";
-		balloon_text += "Browser: " + hooked_browser.browser_name + " " + hooked_browser.browser_version;
+		balloon_text += "Browser: " + encode(hooked_browser.browser_name) + " " + encode(hooked_browser.browser_version);
 		balloon_text += "<br/>";
 		balloon_text += " <img width='13px' height='13px' class='zombie-tree-icon' src='<%= @base_path %>/media/images/icons/" + escape(os_icon) + "' /> ";
 		if (hooked_browser.os_version == 'Unknown') {
-		  balloon_text += "OS: " + hooked_browser.os_name;
+		  balloon_text += "OS: " + encode(hooked_browser.os_name);
 		} else {
-		  balloon_text += "OS: " + hooked_browser.os_name + ' ' + hooked_browser.os_version;
+		  balloon_text += "OS: " + encode(hooked_browser.os_name) + ' ' + encode(hooked_browser.os_version);
 		}
 		balloon_text += "<br/>";
 		balloon_text += " <img width='13px' height='13px' class='zombie-tree-icon' src='<%= @base_path %>/media/images/icons/" + escape(hw_icon) + "' /> ";
-		balloon_text += "Hardware: " + hooked_browser.hw_name;
+		balloon_text += "Hardware: " + encode(hooked_browser.hw_name);
 		balloon_text += "<br/>";
 
 		if ( !hooked_browser.country || !hooked_browser.country_code || hooked_browser.country == 'Unknown' ) {
@@ -492,11 +494,11 @@ try{
 			balloon_text += "Location: Unknown";
 		} else {
 			balloon_text += " <img width='13px' height='13px' class='zombie-tree-icon' src='<%= @base_path %>/media/images/icons/country-squared/" + escape(hooked_browser.country_code.toLowerCase()) + ".svg' /> ";
-			balloon_text += "Location: " + hooked_browser.city + ", " + hooked_browser.country;
+			balloon_text += "Location: " + encode(hooked_browser.city) + ", " + encode(hooked_browser.country);
 		}
 
 		balloon_text += "<hr/>";
-		balloon_text += "Local Date: " + hooked_browser.date;
+		balloon_text += "Local Date: " + encode(hooked_browser.date);
 		hooked_browser.qtip = balloon_text;
 
 		// set zombie text label for tree node
@@ -511,7 +513,7 @@ try{
 			text += "<img width='13px' height='13px' class='zombie-tree-icon' src='<%= @base_path %>/media/images/icons/country-squared/" + escape(hooked_browser.country_code.toLowerCase()) + ".svg' /> ";
 		}
 
-		text += hooked_browser.ip;
+		text += encode(hooked_browser.ip);
 		hooked_browser.text = text;
 
 		//save a new online HB