Merge branch 'master' into bugfix/3493-3498-ntype-attribute

.bundle/config

@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
 ---
-BUNDLE_WITHOUT: "development:test"
 BUNDLE_WITH: "geoip:ext_msf:ext_notifications:ext_dns:ext_qrcode"

.eslintrc.json

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "env": {
-    "browser": true,
-    "es6": false
-  },
-  "extends": ["eslint:recommended"],
-
-  "parserOptions": {
-    "ecmaVersion": 5,
-    "sourceType": "script"
-  },
-
-  "ignorePatterns": [
-    "core/main/client/lib/**",
-    "modules/**"
-  ],
-
-  "rules": {
-    /* Keep this minimal at first. Add project-specific rules after seeing CI logs. */
-  },
-
-  "globals": {
-    // beef
-    "beef": "readonly",
-
-    // jQuery / alias
-    "$": "readonly",
-    "jQuery": "readonly",
-    "$j": "readonly",
-
-    // BeEF bootstrapping
-    "beef_init": "readonly",
-
-    // Existing libraries
-    "MobileEsp": "readonly",
-    "evercookie": "readonly",
-    "swfobject": "readonly",
-
-    // Browser-specific globals (old IE / old Firefox)
-    "XDomainRequest": "readonly",
-    "MozWebSocket": "readonly",
-    "clipboardData": "readonly",
-
-    // Debug
-    "isDebug": "readonly"
-  }
-}

.github/workflows/eslint.yml

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           echo "Running ESLint on entire codebase"
           echo "This is a report-only job and will not block the PR."
-          npx eslint "**/*.js" || true
+          npx eslint . || true
 
       - name: Summary
         if: always()

.gitignore

@@ -6,6 +6,12 @@ beef.log
 test/msf-test
 extensions/admin_ui/media/javascript-min/
 custom-config.yaml
+
+# Generated at runtime by Hook_default_browser#pre_send
+modules/host/hook_default_browser/bounce_to_ie_configured.pdf
+
+# Generated at runtime by browser/spyder_eye#post_execute (and possibly other capture modules)
+screenshot_*.png
 .DS_Store
 .gitignore
 .rvmrc

.npmrc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+min-release-age=3

.rspec

@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@
 --color
 --require spec_helper
 -I .
+--tag ~run_on_browserstack
+--tag ~run_on_long_tests

.simplecov

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# SimpleCov configuration file
+# This provides a cleaner alternative to configuring SimpleCov in spec_helper.rb
+
+SimpleCov.configure do
+  # Basic filters
+  add_filter '/spec/'
+  add_filter '/config/'
+  add_filter '/test/'
+
+  # Group coverage by component
+  add_group 'Core', 'core'
+  add_group 'Extensions', 'extensions'
+  add_group 'Modules', 'modules'
+
+  # Track files based on coverage focus
+  if ENV['COVERAGE'] == 'core'
+    track_files 'core/**/*.rb'
+  elsif ENV['COVERAGE'] == 'extensions'
+    track_files 'extensions/**/*.rb'
+  elsif ENV['COVERAGE'] == 'modules'
+    track_files 'modules/**/*.rb'
+  else
+    # Default: track everything
+    track_files '{core,extensions,modules}/**/*.rb'
+  end
+
+  # Coverage thresholds
+  minimum_coverage 80 if ENV['CI']
+
+  # Formatters
+  formatter SimpleCov::Formatter::HTMLFormatter
+end

Gemfile.lock

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ GEM
       prism (>= 1.3.0)
       rdoc (>= 4.0.0)
       reline (>= 0.4.2)
-    json (2.19.4)
+    json (2.19.5)
     language_server-protocol (3.17.0.5)
     lint_roller (1.1.0)
     logger (1.7.0)

Rakefile

@@ -5,12 +5,82 @@
 #
 require 'rspec/core/rake_task'
 
-task :default => ["short"]
+task default: ['short']
 
-RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:short) do |task|
-  task.rspec_opts = ['--tag ~run_on_browserstack', '--tag ~run_on_long_tests']
+# Run rspec with an explicit file list (avoids envs that only run 557).
+# Note: when run with the full file list, module specs load after extensions; the Dns stub in
+# network_spec must not run before the real Dns extension (dns_spec) or you get "superclass mismatch".
+desc 'Run short spec suite (all specs except browserstack/long)'
+task :short do
+  short_files = Dir[File.join(Dir.pwd, 'spec', '**', '*_spec.rb')].sort
+  $stderr.puts "[rake short] spec files=#{short_files.size}"
+  abort '[rake short] Expected 60+ spec files; check you are in project root.' if short_files.size < 60
+  opts = [
+    '--tag', '~run_on_browserstack',
+    '--tag', '~run_on_long_tests'
+  ]
+  ok = system('bundle', 'exec', 'rspec', *short_files, *opts)
+  abort 'rspec failed' unless ok
 end
 
+# Legacy namespace for backward compatibility
+namespace :coverage do
+  task :modules => 'coverage_modules'
+  task :core => 'coverage_core'
+  task :extensions => 'coverage_extensions'
+  task :all => 'coverage'
+end
+
+# Base spec tasks
+RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:spec) do |t|
+  t.pattern = 'spec/**/*_spec.rb'
+  t.rspec_opts = ['--tag', '~run_on_browserstack', '--tag', '~run_on_long_tests']
+end
+
+RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:spec_core) do |t|
+  t.pattern = 'spec/beef/core/**/*_spec.rb'
+  t.rspec_opts = ['--tag', '~run_on_browserstack', '--tag', '~run_on_long_tests']
+end
+
+RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:spec_extensions) do |t|
+  t.pattern = 'spec/beef/extensions/**/*_spec.rb'
+  t.rspec_opts = ['--tag', '~run_on_browserstack', '--tag', '~run_on_long_tests']
+end
+
+RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:spec_modules) do |t|
+  t.pattern = 'spec/beef/modules/**/*_spec.rb'
+  t.rspec_opts = ['--tag', '~run_on_browserstack', '--tag', '~run_on_long_tests']
+end
+
+# Coverage tasks using environment variables for cleaner configuration
+desc 'Run all specs with complete coverage tracking'
+task :coverage do
+  ENV['COVERAGE'] = 'all'
+  Rake::Task['spec'].invoke
+end
+
+desc 'Run core specs with coverage'
+task :coverage_core do
+  ENV['COVERAGE'] = 'core'
+  Rake::Task['spec_core'].invoke
+end
+
+desc 'Run extensions specs with coverage'
+task :coverage_extensions do
+  ENV['COVERAGE'] = 'extensions'
+  Rake::Task['spec_extensions'].invoke
+end
+
+desc 'Run modules specs with coverage'
+task :coverage_modules do
+  ENV['COVERAGE'] = 'modules'
+  Rake::Task['spec_modules'].invoke
+end
+
+# Alias for backward compatibility
+task :coverage_complete => :coverage
+task :coverage_all => :coverage
+
 RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:long) do |task|
   task.rspec_opts = ['--tag ~run_on_browserstack']
 end

eslint.config.js

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+"use strict";
+
+const js = require("@eslint/js");
+const globals = require("globals");
+
+module.exports = [
+  {
+    ignores: [
+      "core/main/client/lib/**",
+      "modules/**",
+      "node_modules/**",
+      "extensions/admin_ui/media/javascript-min/**",
+      "**/*.min.js",
+    ],
+  },
+  js.configs.recommended,
+  {
+    files: ["**/*.js"],
+    ignores: ["eslint.config.js"],
+    languageOptions: {
+      ecmaVersion: 5,
+      sourceType: "script",
+      globals: {
+        ...globals.browser,
+
+        // BeEF
+        beef: "readonly",
+        beef_init: "readonly",
+
+        // jQuery
+        $: "readonly",
+        jQuery: "readonly",
+        $j: "readonly",
+
+        // Libraries
+        MobileEsp: "readonly",
+        evercookie: "readonly",
+        swfobject: "readonly",
+
+        // Browser-specific (old IE / old Firefox)
+        XDomainRequest: "readonly",
+        MozWebSocket: "readonly",
+        clipboardData: "readonly",
+
+        // Debug
+        isDebug: "readonly",
+      },
+    },
+  },
+  {
+    files: ["eslint.config.js"],
+    languageOptions: {
+      ecmaVersion: "latest",
+      sourceType: "commonjs",
+      globals: {
+        module: "writable",
+        require: "readonly",
+      },
+    },
+  },
+];

modules/browser/detect_media_devices/command.js

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+// Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+// See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+//
+
+beef.execute(function () {
+    if (typeof navigator.mediaDevices === 'undefined' ||
+        typeof navigator.mediaDevices.enumerateDevices !== 'function') {
+        beef.net.send("<%= @command_url %>", <%= @command_id %>,
+            "error=" + encodeURIComponent("API not available in this browser"),
+            beef.status.error());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    navigator.mediaDevices.enumerateDevices()
+        .then(function (devices) {
+            var result = {
+                audioinput:  { count: 0, labels: [] },
+                audiooutput: { count: 0, labels: [] },
+                videoinput:  { count: 0, labels: [] }
+            };
+            devices.forEach(function (device) {
+                if (result[device.kind]) {
+                    result[device.kind].count++;
+                    if (device.label) {
+                        result[device.kind].labels.push(device.label);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+
+            var body =
+                "audioinput_count="    + result.audioinput.count +
+                "&audioinput_labels="  + encodeURIComponent(result.audioinput.labels.join(", ")) +
+                "&audiooutput_count="  + result.audiooutput.count +
+                "&audiooutput_labels=" + encodeURIComponent(result.audiooutput.labels.join(", ")) +
+                "&videoinput_count="   + result.videoinput.count +
+                "&videoinput_labels="  + encodeURIComponent(result.videoinput.labels.join(", "));
+
+            beef.net.send("<%= @command_url %>", <%= @command_id %>, body, beef.status.success());
+        })
+        .catch(function (err) {
+            beef.net.send("<%= @command_url %>", <%= @command_id %>,
+                "error=" + encodeURIComponent("Error: " + (err.message || String(err))),
+                beef.status.error());
+        });
+});

modules/browser/detect_media_devices/config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+beef:
+    module:
+        detect_media_devices:
+            enable: true
+            category: "Browser"
+            name: "Detect Media Devices"
+            description: "This module enumerates media input/output devices (microphones, cameras, speakers) available to the hooked browser via navigator.mediaDevices.enumerateDevices()."
+            authors: ["Sethumadhavan", "bcoles"]
+            target:
+                not_working: ["IE"]
+                working: ["All"]

modules/browser/detect_media_devices/module.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+class Detect_media_devices < BeEF::Core::Command
+  def post_execute
+    content = {}
+    content['audioinput_count']   = @datastore['audioinput_count']   unless @datastore['audioinput_count'].nil?
+    content['audioinput_labels']  = @datastore['audioinput_labels']  unless @datastore['audioinput_labels'].nil?
+    content['audiooutput_count']  = @datastore['audiooutput_count']  unless @datastore['audiooutput_count'].nil?
+    content['audiooutput_labels'] = @datastore['audiooutput_labels'] unless @datastore['audiooutput_labels'].nil?
+    content['videoinput_count']   = @datastore['videoinput_count']   unless @datastore['videoinput_count'].nil?
+    content['videoinput_labels']  = @datastore['videoinput_labels']  unless @datastore['videoinput_labels'].nil?
+    content['error']              = @datastore['error']              unless @datastore['error'].nil?
+    save content
+  end
+end

package.json

@@ -4,15 +4,17 @@
     "description": "The Browser Exploitation Framework Project",
     "scripts": {
         "docs": "./node_modules/.bin/jsdoc -c conf.json",
-        "lint": "eslint",
-        "lint:fix": "eslint --fix"
+        "lint": "eslint .",
+        "lint:fix": "eslint --fix ."
     },
     "author": "Wade Alcorn",
     "license": "GNU General Public License v2.0",
     "devDependencies": {
-        "eslint": "^7.32.0",
-        "jsdoc": "^4.0.5",
-        "jsdoc-to-markdown": "^9.1.3"
+        "@eslint/js": "10.0.1",
+        "eslint": "10.4.0",
+        "globals": "17.6.0",
+        "jsdoc": "4.0.5",
+        "jsdoc-to-markdown": "9.1.3"
     },
     "dependencies": {}
 }

spec/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+# BeEF Test Suite
+
+This directory contains the BeEF test suite using RSpec and SimpleCov for comprehensive testing and coverage reporting.
+
+## Setup
+
+### Prerequisites
+- Ruby 3.0+
+- Bundler
+- All gems from `Gemfile`
+
+### Configuration Files
+- `spec/spec_helper.rb` - Main test configuration
+- `.simplecov` - Coverage configuration
+- `spec/support/` - Test helpers and utilities
+
+## Running Tests
+
+### Basic Commands
+
+```bash
+# Run all tests (fast, no coverage)
+bundle exec rake short
+# or
+bundle exec rspec spec/ --tag '~run_on_browserstack' --tag '~run_on_long_tests'
+
+# Run specific component tests
+bundle exec rspec spec/beef/core/
+bundle exec rspec spec/beef/extensions/
+bundle exec rspec spec/beef/modules/
+```
+
+### Coverage Commands
+
+```bash
+# Complete coverage (recommended)
+bundle exec rake coverage
+# or
+COVERAGE=all bundle exec rspec spec/ --tag '~run_on_browserstack' --tag '~run_on_long_tests'
+
+# Component-specific coverage
+bundle exec rake coverage_core        # Core only
+bundle exec rake coverage_modules     # Modules only
+bundle exec rake coverage_extensions  # Extensions only
+```
+
+### Legacy Commands (Still Supported)
+
+```bash
+# Old coverage commands still work
+bundle exec rake coverage:modules
+bundle exec rake coverage:all
+bundle exec rake coverage_complete
+```
+
+## Architecture
+
+### SimpleCov Configuration
+
+- **Environment-based**: Uses `COVERAGE=core|modules|extensions|all` environment variable
+- **Grouped reporting**: Separate groups for Core, Extensions, and Modules
+- **Filtered tracking**: Only tracks relevant files based on focus area
+- **HTML reports**: Generated in `coverage/` directory
+
+### Test Organization
+
+- **Centralized config**: `BeefTestConfig` module provides test data instead of global constants
+- **Component isolation**: Each component (core/extensions/modules) has dedicated specs
+- **Branch coverage**: Realistic test data for conditional logic testing
+- **Mock management**: Proper mocking of external dependencies
+
+### Rake Tasks
+
+- **Clean separation**: Base `spec*` tasks vs coverage `coverage*` tasks
+- **Environment variables**: Coverage controlled via `COVERAGE` env var
+- **No sequential execution**: Single test runs with proper filtering
+- **Backward compatibility**: Old task names still work
+
+## Key Improvements
+
+### ✅ **Eliminated Global Constant Collisions**
+- Branch-coverage data for the dynamic module spec loaders lives in
+  `BeefTestConfig.branch_coverage_for(:component)` (in `spec/spec_helper.rb`).
+- Each module spec file pulls its own component (`:browser`, `:exploits`, `:host`,
+  `:misc`, `:network`, `:social_engineering`) into a uniquely-named local
+  constant (e.g. `BRANCH_COVERAGE_HOST`), so loading the full suite no longer
+  triggers "already initialized constant" warnings or silently overwrites data.
+
+### ✅ **Simplified Coverage Logic**
+- Cleaner filtering using `track_files` instead of complex `add_filter` logic
+- Environment variable `COVERAGE` instead of `COVERAGE_FOCUS`
+
+### ✅ **Better Test Organization**
+- Centralized test configuration in `BeefTestConfig`
+- Component-specific test data loading
+- Reduced code duplication
+
+### ✅ **Cleaner Rake Tasks**
+- Single execution instead of sequential runs
+- Proper environment variable usage
+- Backward compatibility maintained
+
+### ✅ **Standard Patterns**
+- Uses `.simplecov` config file (standard practice)
+- Follows RSpec best practices
+- Better separation of concerns
+
+## Module Spec Pattern (dynamic loaders)
+
+Specs under `spec/beef/modules/**/<category>_spec.rb` walk every
+`modules/<category>/**/module.rb` file and generate a `RSpec.describe` block per
+class. They cover:
+
+- `.options` returns an `Array` (when defined)
+- `#pre_send` runs without raising (when defined)
+- `#post_execute` runs without raising (when defined)
+- An extra `#post_execute` example with a realistic datastore for any module
+  listed in `BeefTestConfig.branch_coverage_for(:category)`
+
+Trade-off: this is a coverage-driving baseline. The `expect { ... }.not_to
+raise_error` assertion catches load failures, missing constants, nil crashes,
+and undefined methods, but it does not assert behavioural correctness. Add
+targeted assertions for high-value modules (see the `Wordpress_add_user` and
+`Test_get_variable` examples in `spec/beef/modules/misc/misc_spec.rb`).
+
+## Coverage Focus Areas
+
+- **core**: Framework core functionality
+- **extensions**: Extension modules
+- **modules**: Command modules (main focus)
+- **all**: Complete coverage across all areas
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### Common Issues
+
+1. **"already initialized constant" warnings**
+   - Fixed by using centralized config instead of global constants
+
+2. **Low coverage percentages**
+   - Use `COVERAGE=all` for complete coverage
+   - Ensure realistic test data triggers conditional paths
+
+3. **Test failures**
+   - Check that mocks are properly configured
+   - Verify test data matches module expectations
+
+### Debug Commands
+
+```bash
+# Run with debug output
+bundle exec rspec --format documentation
+
+# Run single test file
+bundle exec rspec spec/beef/modules/browser/browser_spec.rb
+
+# Check coverage report
+open coverage/index.html
+```
+
+## Contributing
+
+When adding new tests:
+
+1. Use `BeefTestConfig.branch_coverage_for(:component)` for branch test data
+2. Add realistic datastore values that trigger conditional logic
+3. Mock external dependencies (database, network, etc.)
+4. Follow existing patterns for consistency

spec/beef/core/filter/base_spec.rb

@@ -307,4 +307,142 @@ RSpec.describe BeEF::Filters do
       end
     end
   end
+
+  describe '.is_valid_ip?' do
+    it 'returns false for nil, empty, or non-string' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_ip?(nil)).to be(false)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_ip?('')).to be(false)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns true for valid IPv4' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_ip?('127.0.0.1')).to be(true)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_ip?('192.168.1.1')).to be(true)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_ip?('10.0.0.1')).to be(true)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_ip?('0.0.0.0')).to be(true)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false for invalid IPv4' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_ip?('256.1.1.1')).to be(false)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_ip?('1.2.3')).to be(false)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_ip?('not.an.ip')).to be(false)
+    end
+
+    it 'accepts :ipv4 version' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_ip?('127.0.0.1', :ipv4)).to be(true)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_ip?('256.1.1.1', :ipv4)).to be(false)
+    end
+
+    it 'accepts :both version (default)' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_ip?('127.0.0.1')).to be(true)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.is_valid_private_ip?' do
+    it 'returns false when ip is not valid' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_private_ip?(nil)).to be(false)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_private_ip?('8.8.8.8')).to be(false)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns true for 127.x (localhost)' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_private_ip?('127.0.0.1')).to be(true)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns true for 192.168.x' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_private_ip?('192.168.1.1')).to be(true)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns true for 10.x' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_private_ip?('10.0.0.1')).to be(true)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false for public IPv4' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_private_ip?('8.8.8.8')).to be(false)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.is_valid_port?' do
+    it 'returns true for valid port range' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_port?(1)).to be(true)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_port?('80')).to be(true)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_port?(65535)).to be(true)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false for 0 or negative' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_port?(0)).to be(false)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_port?('0')).to be(false)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false for port above 65535' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_port?(65536)).to be(false)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.is_valid_domain?' do
+    it 'returns false for nil or empty' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_domain?(nil)).to be(false)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_domain?('')).to be(false)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns true for valid domain format' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_domain?('example.com')).to be(true)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_domain?('sub.example.co.uk')).to be(true)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false for invalid domain format' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_domain?('no-tld')).to be(false)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_domain?('.leading')).to be(false)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.has_valid_browser_details_chars?' do
+    it 'returns false for nil or empty' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.has_valid_browser_details_chars?(nil)).to be(false)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.has_valid_browser_details_chars?('')).to be(false)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns true when string only has allowed chars' do
+      # Method returns nil-on-no-match: nil.nil? == true, so a fully-valid string returns true.
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.has_valid_browser_details_chars?('abc')).to be(true)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.has_valid_browser_details_chars?('a-b (c)')).to be(true)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false when string contains disallowed character' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.has_valid_browser_details_chars?('ab@c')).to be(false)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.has_valid_base_chars?' do
+    it 'returns false for nil or empty' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.has_valid_base_chars?(nil)).to be(false)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.has_valid_base_chars?('')).to be(false)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns true when string only has printable (and registered symbol)' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.has_valid_base_chars?('abc')).to be(true)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.has_valid_base_chars?('Hello 123')).to be(true)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false when string has non-printable character' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.has_valid_base_chars?("ab\x00c")).to be(false)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.is_valid_yes_no?' do
+    it 'returns true for Yes and No (case insensitive)' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_yes_no?('Yes')).to be(true)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_yes_no?('No')).to be(true)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_yes_no?('yes')).to be(true)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_yes_no?('no')).to be(true)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false for other values' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_yes_no?('')).to be(false)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_yes_no?('maybe')).to be(false)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_yes_no?('1')).to be(false)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false when string has non-printable character' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_yes_no?("Yes\x00")).to be(false)
+    end
+  end
 end

spec/beef/core/filter/command_spec.rb

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ RSpec.describe BeEF::Filters do
       expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_path_info?("\x00")).to be(false)
       expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_path_info?(nil)).to be(false)
     end
+
+    it 'returns false when argument is not a String' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.is_valid_path_info?(123)).to be(false)
+    end
   end
 
   describe '.is_valid_hook_session_id?' do
@@ -43,15 +47,22 @@ RSpec.describe BeEF::Filters do
   end
 
   describe '.has_valid_param_chars?' do
-    it 'false' do
+    it 'returns false for nil, empty, or invalid chars' do
       chars = [nil, '', '+']
       chars.each do |c|
         expect(BeEF::Filters.has_valid_param_chars?(c)).to be(false)
       end
     end
 
-    it 'true' do
+    it 'returns true for word, underscore, and colon' do
       expect(BeEF::Filters.has_valid_param_chars?('A')).to be(true)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.has_valid_param_chars?('key_name')).to be(true)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.has_valid_param_chars?('a:1')).to be(true)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns false for string with spaces or special chars' do
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.has_valid_param_chars?('a b')).to be(false)
+      expect(BeEF::Filters.has_valid_param_chars?('a-b')).to be(false)
     end
   end
 end

spec/beef/core/hbmanager_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe BeEF::HBManager do
+  describe '.get_by_session' do
+    it 'returns the hooked browser when session exists' do
+      hb = BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser.create!(session: 'hb_session_123', ip: '127.0.0.1')
+
+      result = described_class.get_by_session('hb_session_123')
+
+      expect(result).to eq(hb)
+      expect(result.session).to eq('hb_session_123')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns nil when no hooked browser has the session' do
+      result = described_class.get_by_session('nonexistent_session')
+
+      expect(result).to be_nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.get_by_id' do
+    it 'returns the hooked browser when id exists' do
+      hb = BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser.create!(session: 'hb_by_id', ip: '127.0.0.1')
+
+      result = described_class.get_by_id(hb.id)
+
+      expect(result).to eq(hb)
+      expect(result.id).to eq(hb.id)
+    end
+
+    it 'raises when id does not exist' do
+      expect { described_class.get_by_id(999_999) }.to raise_error(ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound)
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/core/main/console/banners_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe BeEF::Core::Console::Banners do
+  let(:config) { BeEF::Core::Configuration.instance }
+
+  before do
+    allow(described_class).to receive(:print_info)
+    allow(described_class).to receive(:print_more)
+  end
+
+  describe '.print_welcome_msg' do
+    it 'calls print_info with version from config' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.version').and_return('1.0.0')
+      described_class.print_welcome_msg
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_info).with('Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) 1.0.0')
+    end
+
+    it 'calls print_more with project links' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.version').and_return('1.0.0')
+      described_class.print_welcome_msg
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_more).with(a_string_including('@beefproject'))
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_more).with(a_string_including('beefproject.com'))
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_more).with(a_string_including('github.com/beefproject'))
+    end
+
+    it 'calls print_info with project creator' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.version').and_return('1.0.0')
+      described_class.print_welcome_msg
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_info).with(a_string_including('Wade Alcorn'))
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_info).with(a_string_including('@WadeAlcorn'))
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.print_network_interfaces_count' do
+    it 'uses config local_host and sets interfaces when host is 0.0.0.0' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:local_host).and_return('0.0.0.0')
+      mock_addrs = [double('Addr', ip_address: '127.0.0.1', ipv4?: true), double('Addr', ip_address: '192.168.1.1', ipv4?: true)]
+      allow(Socket).to receive(:ip_address_list).and_return(mock_addrs)
+      described_class.print_network_interfaces_count
+      expect(described_class.interfaces).to eq(['127.0.0.1', '192.168.1.1'])
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_info).with('2 network interfaces were detected.')
+    end
+
+    it 'sets single interface when host is not 0.0.0.0' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:local_host).and_return('192.168.1.1')
+      described_class.print_network_interfaces_count
+      expect(described_class.interfaces).to eq(['192.168.1.1'])
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_info).with('1 network interfaces were detected.')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.print_loaded_extensions' do
+    it 'calls print_info with count from Extensions.get_loaded' do
+      allow(BeEF::Extensions).to receive(:get_loaded).and_return({ 'AdminUI' => { 'name' => 'Admin UI' }, 'DNS' => { 'name' => 'DNS' } })
+      described_class.print_loaded_extensions
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_info).with('2 extensions enabled:')
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_more).with(a_string_including('Admin UI'))
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_more).with(a_string_including('DNS'))
+    end
+
+    it 'handles empty extensions' do
+      allow(BeEF::Extensions).to receive(:get_loaded).and_return({})
+      described_class.print_loaded_extensions
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_info).with('0 extensions enabled:')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.print_loaded_modules' do
+    it 'calls print_info with count from Modules.get_enabled' do
+      enabled = double('Relation', count: 42)
+      allow(BeEF::Modules).to receive(:get_enabled).and_return(enabled)
+      described_class.print_loaded_modules
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_info).with('42 modules enabled.')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.print_ascii_art' do
+    it 'reads and puts file content when beef.ascii exists' do
+      allow(File).to receive(:exist?).with('core/main/console/beef.ascii').and_return(true)
+      io = StringIO.new("BEEF\nASCII\n")
+      allow(File).to receive(:open).with('core/main/console/beef.ascii', 'r').and_yield(io)
+      allow(described_class).to receive(:puts)
+      described_class.print_ascii_art
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:puts).with("BEEF\n")
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:puts).with("ASCII\n")
+    end
+
+    it 'does nothing when beef.ascii does not exist' do
+      allow(File).to receive(:exist?).with('core/main/console/beef.ascii').and_return(false)
+      expect(File).not_to receive(:open)
+      described_class.print_ascii_art
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.print_network_interfaces_routes' do
+    before do
+      described_class.interfaces = ['127.0.0.1', '192.168.1.1']
+    end
+
+    it 'prints hook and UI URL for each interface when admin_ui enabled' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:local_proto).and_return('http')
+      allow(config).to receive(:hook_file_path).and_return('/hook.js')
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.extension.admin_ui.enable').and_return(true)
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.extension.admin_ui.base_path').and_return('/ui')
+      allow(config).to receive(:local_port).and_return(3000)
+      allow(config).to receive(:public_enabled?).and_return(false)
+
+      described_class.print_network_interfaces_routes
+
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_info).with('running on network interface: 127.0.0.1')
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_info).with('running on network interface: 192.168.1.1')
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_more).with(a_string_matching(%r{Hook URL: http://127\.0\.0\.1:3000/hook\.js}))
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_more).at_least(:twice).with(a_string_matching(%r{UI URL:.*/ui/panel}))
+    end
+
+    it 'omits UI URL when admin_ui disabled' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:local_proto).and_return('http')
+      allow(config).to receive(:hook_file_path).and_return('/hook.js')
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.extension.admin_ui.enable').and_return(false)
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.extension.admin_ui.base_path').and_return('/ui')
+      allow(config).to receive(:local_port).and_return(3000)
+      allow(config).to receive(:public_enabled?).and_return(false)
+
+      described_class.print_network_interfaces_routes
+
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_more).with("Hook URL: http://127.0.0.1:3000/hook.js\n")
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_more).with("Hook URL: http://192.168.1.1:3000/hook.js\n")
+    end
+
+    it 'prints public hook and UI when public_enabled?' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:local_proto).and_return('http')
+      allow(config).to receive(:hook_file_path).and_return('/hook.js')
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.extension.admin_ui.enable').and_return(true)
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.extension.admin_ui.base_path').and_return('/ui')
+      allow(config).to receive(:local_port).and_return(3000)
+      allow(config).to receive(:public_enabled?).and_return(true)
+      allow(config).to receive(:hook_url).and_return('http://public.example.com/hook.js')
+      allow(config).to receive(:beef_url_str).and_return('http://public.example.com')
+
+      described_class.print_network_interfaces_routes
+
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_info).with('Public:')
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_more).with(a_string_including('http://public.example.com/hook.js'))
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_more).at_least(:once).with(a_string_including('/ui/panel'))
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.print_websocket_servers' do
+    it 'prints WebSocket server line with host, port and timer' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('0.0.0.0')
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.websocket.ws_poll_timeout').and_return(5)
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.websocket.port').and_return(61_985)
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.websocket.secure').and_return(false)
+
+      described_class.print_websocket_servers
+
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_info).with('Starting WebSocket server ws://0.0.0.0:61985 [timer: 5]')
+    end
+
+    it 'prints WebSocketSecure server when secure enabled' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('0.0.0.0')
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.websocket.ws_poll_timeout').and_return(10)
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.websocket.port').and_return(61_985)
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.websocket.secure').and_return(true)
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.websocket.secure_port').and_return(61_986)
+
+      described_class.print_websocket_servers
+
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_info).with('Starting WebSocket server ws://0.0.0.0:61985 [timer: 10]')
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_info).with(a_string_matching(/WebSocketSecure.*wss:.*61986.*timer: 10/))
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.print_http_proxy' do
+    it 'prints proxy address and port from config' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.extension.proxy.address').and_return('127.0.0.1')
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.extension.proxy.port').and_return(8080)
+
+      described_class.print_http_proxy
+
+      expect(described_class).to have_received(:print_info).with('HTTP Proxy: http://127.0.0.1:8080')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.print_dns' do
+    it 'does not raise when DNS config is not set' do
+      expect { described_class.print_dns }.not_to raise_error
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/core/main/console/commandline_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe BeEF::Core::Console::CommandLine do
+  DEFAULT_OPTIONS = {
+    verbose: false,
+    resetdb: false,
+    ascii_art: false,
+    ext_config: '',
+    port: '',
+    ws_port: '',
+    update_disabled: false,
+    update_auto: false
+  }.freeze
+
+  def reset_commandline_state
+    described_class.instance_variable_set(:@already_parsed, false)
+    described_class.instance_variable_set(:@options, DEFAULT_OPTIONS.dup)
+  end
+
+  before do
+    reset_commandline_state
+  end
+
+  describe '.parse' do
+    it 'returns default options when ARGV is empty' do
+      original_argv = ARGV.dup
+      ARGV.replace([])
+      result = described_class.parse
+      ARGV.replace(original_argv)
+      expect(result[:verbose]).to be false
+      expect(result[:resetdb]).to be false
+      expect(result[:ext_config]).to eq('')
+      expect(result[:port]).to eq('')
+    end
+
+    it 'sets verbose when -v is given' do
+      original_argv = ARGV.dup
+      ARGV.replace(%w[-v])
+      result = described_class.parse
+      ARGV.replace(original_argv)
+      expect(result[:verbose]).to be true
+    end
+
+    it 'sets resetdb when -x is given' do
+      original_argv = ARGV.dup
+      ARGV.replace(%w[-x])
+      result = described_class.parse
+      ARGV.replace(original_argv)
+      expect(result[:resetdb]).to be true
+    end
+
+    it 'sets ascii_art when -a is given' do
+      original_argv = ARGV.dup
+      ARGV.replace(%w[-a])
+      result = described_class.parse
+      ARGV.replace(original_argv)
+      expect(result[:ascii_art]).to be true
+    end
+
+    it 'sets ext_config when -c FILE is given' do
+      original_argv = ARGV.dup
+      ARGV.replace(%w[-c custom.yaml])
+      result = described_class.parse
+      ARGV.replace(original_argv)
+      expect(result[:ext_config]).to eq('custom.yaml')
+    end
+
+    it 'sets port when -p PORT is given' do
+      original_argv = ARGV.dup
+      ARGV.replace(%w[-p 9090])
+      result = described_class.parse
+      ARGV.replace(original_argv)
+      expect(result[:port]).to eq('9090')
+    end
+
+    it 'sets ws_port when -w WS_PORT is given' do
+      original_argv = ARGV.dup
+      ARGV.replace(%w[-w 61985])
+      result = described_class.parse
+      ARGV.replace(original_argv)
+      expect(result[:ws_port]).to eq('61985')
+    end
+
+    it 'sets update_disabled when -d is given' do
+      original_argv = ARGV.dup
+      ARGV.replace(%w[-d])
+      result = described_class.parse
+      ARGV.replace(original_argv)
+      expect(result[:update_disabled]).to be true
+    end
+
+    it 'sets update_auto when -u is given' do
+      original_argv = ARGV.dup
+      ARGV.replace(%w[-u])
+      result = described_class.parse
+      ARGV.replace(original_argv)
+      expect(result[:update_auto]).to be true
+    end
+
+    it 'returns cached options on second parse' do
+      original_argv = ARGV.dup
+      ARGV.replace([])
+      first = described_class.parse
+      ARGV.replace(%w[-v -x])
+      second = described_class.parse
+      ARGV.replace(original_argv)
+      expect(second).to eq(first)
+      expect(second[:verbose]).to be false
+    end
+
+    it 'prints and exits on invalid option' do
+      original_argv = ARGV.dup
+      ARGV.replace(%w[--invalid-option])
+      allow(Kernel).to receive(:puts).with(/Invalid command line option/)
+      allow(Kernel).to receive(:exit).with(1) { raise SystemExit.new(1) }
+      expect { described_class.parse }.to raise_error(SystemExit)
+      ARGV.replace(original_argv)
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/core/main/constants/browsers_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe BeEF::Core::Constants::Browsers do
+  describe 'constants' do
+    it 'defines short browser codes' do
+      expect(described_class::FF).to eq('FF')
+      expect(described_class::C).to eq('C')
+      expect(described_class::IE).to eq('IE')
+      expect(described_class::S).to eq('S')
+      expect(described_class::ALL).to eq('ALL')
+      expect(described_class::UNKNOWN).to eq('UN')
+    end
+
+    it 'defines friendly names' do
+      expect(described_class::FRIENDLY_FF_NAME).to eq('Firefox')
+      expect(described_class::FRIENDLY_C_NAME).to eq('Chrome')
+      expect(described_class::FRIENDLY_UN_NAME).to eq('UNKNOWN')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.friendly_name' do
+    it 'returns Firefox for FF' do
+      expect(described_class.friendly_name(described_class::FF)).to eq('Firefox')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns Chrome for C' do
+      expect(described_class.friendly_name(described_class::C)).to eq('Chrome')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns Internet Explorer for IE' do
+      expect(described_class.friendly_name(described_class::IE)).to eq('Internet Explorer')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns Safari for S' do
+      expect(described_class.friendly_name(described_class::S)).to eq('Safari')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns MSEdge for E' do
+      expect(described_class.friendly_name(described_class::E)).to eq('MSEdge')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns UNKNOWN for UN' do
+      expect(described_class.friendly_name(described_class::UNKNOWN)).to eq('UNKNOWN')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns nil for unknown browser code' do
+      expect(described_class.friendly_name('XX')).to be_nil
+    end
+
+    it 'returns nil for nil' do
+      expect(described_class.friendly_name(nil)).to be_nil
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/core/main/constants/commandmodule_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe BeEF::Core::Constants::CommandModule do
+  describe 'constants' do
+    it 'defines verified working status values' do
+      expect(described_class::VERIFIED_WORKING).to eq(0)
+      expect(described_class::VERIFIED_UNKNOWN).to eq(1)
+      expect(described_class::VERIFIED_USER_NOTIFY).to eq(2)
+      expect(described_class::VERIFIED_NOT_WORKING).to eq(3)
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/core/main/constants/hardware_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe BeEF::Core::Constants::Hardware do
+  describe 'constants' do
+    it 'defines hardware UA strings and image paths' do
+      expect(described_class::HW_IPHONE_UA_STR).to eq('iPhone')
+      expect(described_class::HW_IPAD_UA_STR).to eq('iPad')
+      expect(described_class::HW_BLACKBERRY_UA_STR).to eq('BlackBerry')
+      expect(described_class::HW_ALL_UA_STR).to eq('All')
+      expect(described_class::HW_UNKNOWN_IMG).to eq('pc.png')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.match_hardware' do
+    it 'returns iPhone for iphone-like strings' do
+      expect(described_class.match_hardware('iPhone')).to eq('iPhone')
+      expect(described_class.match_hardware('iPhone OS')).to eq('iPhone')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns iPad for ipad-like strings' do
+      expect(described_class.match_hardware('iPad')).to eq('iPad')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns iPod for ipod-like strings' do
+      expect(described_class.match_hardware('iPod')).to eq('iPod')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns BlackBerry for blackberry-like strings' do
+      expect(described_class.match_hardware('BlackBerry')).to eq('BlackBerry')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns Windows Phone for windows phone-like strings' do
+      expect(described_class.match_hardware('Windows Phone')).to eq('Windows Phone')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns Kindle for kindle-like strings' do
+      expect(described_class.match_hardware('Kindle')).to eq('Kindle')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns Nokia for nokia-like strings' do
+      expect(described_class.match_hardware('Nokia')).to eq('Nokia')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns HTC for htc-like strings' do
+      expect(described_class.match_hardware('HTC')).to eq('HTC')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns Nexus for google-like strings' do
+      expect(described_class.match_hardware('Google Nexus')).to eq('Nexus')
+    end
+
+    it 'is case insensitive' do
+      expect(described_class.match_hardware('IPHONE')).to eq('iPhone')
+      expect(described_class.match_hardware('ipad')).to eq('iPad')
+      expect(described_class.match_hardware('BLACKBERRY')).to eq('BlackBerry')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns ALL for unknown hardware strings' do
+      expect(described_class.match_hardware('UnknownDevice')).to eq('ALL')
+      expect(described_class.match_hardware('')).to eq('ALL')
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/core/main/constants/os_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe BeEF::Core::Constants::Os do
+  describe 'constants' do
+    it 'defines OS UA strings and image paths' do
+      expect(described_class::OS_WINDOWS_UA_STR).to eq('Windows')
+      expect(described_class::OS_LINUX_UA_STR).to eq('Linux')
+      expect(described_class::OS_MAC_UA_STR).to eq('Mac')
+      expect(described_class::OS_ANDROID_UA_STR).to eq('Android')
+      expect(described_class::OS_ALL_UA_STR).to eq('All')
+      expect(described_class::OS_UNKNOWN_IMG).to eq('unknown.png')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.match_os' do
+    it 'returns Windows for win-like strings' do
+      expect(described_class.match_os('Windows')).to eq('Windows')
+      expect(described_class.match_os('Windows NT')).to eq('Windows')
+      expect(described_class.match_os('Win32')).to eq('Windows')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns Linux for lin-like strings' do
+      expect(described_class.match_os('Linux')).to eq('Linux')
+      expect(described_class.match_os('Lin')).to eq('Linux')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns Mac for os x, osx, mac-like strings' do
+      expect(described_class.match_os('Mac OS X')).to eq('Mac')
+      expect(described_class.match_os('OSX')).to eq('Mac')
+      expect(described_class.match_os('Macintosh')).to eq('Mac')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns iOS for iphone, ipad, ipod' do
+      expect(described_class.match_os('iPhone')).to eq('iOS')
+      expect(described_class.match_os('iPad')).to eq('iOS')
+      expect(described_class.match_os('iPod')).to eq('iOS')
+      expect(described_class.match_os('iOS')).to eq('iOS')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns Android for android-like strings' do
+      expect(described_class.match_os('Android')).to eq('Android')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns BlackBerry for blackberry-like strings' do
+      expect(described_class.match_os('BlackBerry')).to eq('BlackBerry')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns QNX for qnx-like strings' do
+      expect(described_class.match_os('QNX')).to eq('QNX')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns SunOS for sun-like strings' do
+      expect(described_class.match_os('SunOS')).to eq('SunOS')
+    end
+
+    it 'is case insensitive' do
+      expect(described_class.match_os('WINDOWS')).to eq('Windows')
+      expect(described_class.match_os('linux')).to eq('Linux')
+      expect(described_class.match_os('ANDROID')).to eq('Android')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns ALL for unknown OS strings' do
+      expect(described_class.match_os('UnknownOS')).to eq('ALL')
+      expect(described_class.match_os('')).to eq('ALL')
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/core/main/crypto_spec.rb

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ RSpec.describe 'BeEF::Core::Crypto' do
     it 'raises TypeError for invalid inputs' do
       expect { BeEF::Core::Crypto.random_hex_string('invalid') }.to raise_error(TypeError)
       expect { BeEF::Core::Crypto.random_hex_string(0) }.to raise_error(TypeError, /Invalid length/)
+      expect { BeEF::Core::Crypto.random_hex_string(-1) }.to raise_error(TypeError, /Invalid length/)
     end
   end
 

spec/beef/core/main/handlers/browserdetails_spec.rb

@@ -412,5 +412,158 @@ RSpec.describe BeEF::Core::Handlers::BrowserDetails do
       expect(BeEF::Core::Models::BrowserDetails).to receive(:set).with(session_id, 'network.proxy.server', 'proxy.example.com')
       described_class.new(proxy_data)
     end
+
+    context 'filter failures (err_msg branches)' do
+      # Full data with optional keys so later filters (e.g. battery, capabilities) don't trigger err_msg
+      let(:full_data) do
+        data.merge('results' => data['results'].merge(
+          'hardware.battery.level' => '50%',
+          'browser.name.reported' => 'Mozilla/5.0',
+          'browser.engine' => 'Gecko',
+          'browser.window.cookies' => 'session=abc',
+          'host.os.name' => 'Windows',
+          'host.os.family' => 'Windows',
+          'host.os.version' => '10',
+          'browser.capabilities.vbscript' => 'yes'
+        ))
+      end
+
+      def stub_all_filters_valid_except(except_key = nil)
+        %i[
+          is_valid_hook_session_id? is_valid_browsername? is_valid_browserversion? is_valid_ip?
+          is_valid_browserstring? is_valid_cookies? is_valid_osname? is_valid_hwname?
+          is_valid_date_stamp? is_valid_pagetitle? is_valid_url? is_valid_pagereferrer?
+          is_valid_hostname? is_valid_port? is_valid_browser_plugins? is_valid_system_platform?
+          nums_only? is_valid_yes_no? is_valid_memory? is_valid_gpu? is_valid_cpu? alphanums_only?
+        ].each do |m|
+          allow(BeEF::Filters).to receive(m).and_return(except_key == m ? false : true)
+        end
+      end
+
+      it 'calls err_msg when browser name is invalid' do
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser).to receive(:where).and_return([])
+        stub_all_filters_valid_except(:is_valid_browsername?)
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::BrowserDetails).to receive(:set)
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Constants::Browsers).to receive(:friendly_name)
+        zombie = double('HookedBrowser', id: 1, ip: '127.0.0.1')
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:firstseen=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:domain=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:port=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:httpheaders=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:httpheaders).and_return('{}')
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:save!)
+        allow(JSON).to receive(:parse).with('{}').and_return({})
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser).to receive(:new).and_return(zombie)
+        err_msg_calls = []
+        allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:err_msg) { |*args| err_msg_calls << args.last }
+        described_class.new(full_data)
+        expect(err_msg_calls).to include(a_string_matching(/Invalid browser name/))
+      end
+
+      it 'calls err_msg when IP is invalid' do
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser).to receive(:where).and_return([])
+        stub_all_filters_valid_except(:is_valid_ip?)
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::BrowserDetails).to receive(:set)
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Constants::Browsers).to receive(:friendly_name).and_return('Firefox')
+        zombie = double('HookedBrowser', id: 1, ip: '127.0.0.1')
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:firstseen=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:domain=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:port=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:httpheaders=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:httpheaders).and_return('{}')
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:save!)
+        allow(JSON).to receive(:parse).with('{}').and_return({})
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser).to receive(:new).and_return(zombie)
+        err_msg_calls = []
+        allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:err_msg) { |*args| err_msg_calls << args.last }
+        described_class.new(full_data)
+        expect(err_msg_calls).to include(a_string_matching(/Invalid IP address/))
+      end
+
+      it 'calls err_msg when browser version is invalid' do
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser).to receive(:where).and_return([])
+        stub_all_filters_valid_except(:is_valid_browserversion?)
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::BrowserDetails).to receive(:set)
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Constants::Browsers).to receive(:friendly_name).and_return('Firefox')
+        zombie = double('HookedBrowser', id: 1, ip: '127.0.0.1')
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:firstseen=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:domain=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:port=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:httpheaders=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:httpheaders).and_return('{}')
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:save!)
+        allow(JSON).to receive(:parse).with('{}').and_return({})
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser).to receive(:new).and_return(zombie)
+        err_msg_calls = []
+        allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:err_msg) { |*args| err_msg_calls << args.last }
+        described_class.new(full_data)
+        expect(err_msg_calls).to include(a_string_matching(/Invalid browser version/))
+      end
+
+      it 'calls err_msg when browser.name.reported is invalid' do
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser).to receive(:where).and_return([])
+        allow(BeEF::Filters).to receive(:is_valid_browsername?).and_return(true)
+        allow(BeEF::Filters).to receive(:is_valid_browserversion?).and_return(true)
+        allow(BeEF::Filters).to receive(:is_valid_ip?).and_return(true)
+        allow(BeEF::Filters).to receive(:is_valid_browserstring?).and_return(false)
+        stub_all_filters_valid_except(nil)
+        allow(BeEF::Filters).to receive(:is_valid_browserstring?).and_return(false)
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::BrowserDetails).to receive(:set)
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Constants::Browsers).to receive(:friendly_name).and_return('Firefox')
+        zombie = double('HookedBrowser', id: 1, ip: '127.0.0.1')
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:firstseen=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:domain=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:port=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:httpheaders=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:httpheaders).and_return('{}')
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:save!)
+        allow(JSON).to receive(:parse).with('{}').and_return({})
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser).to receive(:new).and_return(zombie)
+        err_msg_calls = []
+        allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:err_msg) { |*args| err_msg_calls << args.last }
+        described_class.new(full_data)
+        expect(err_msg_calls).to include(a_string_matching(/browser\.name\.reported/))
+      end
+
+      it 'calls err_msg when cookies are invalid' do
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser).to receive(:where).and_return([])
+        stub_all_filters_valid_except(:is_valid_cookies?)
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::BrowserDetails).to receive(:set)
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Constants::Browsers).to receive(:friendly_name).and_return('Firefox')
+        zombie = double('HookedBrowser', id: 1, ip: '127.0.0.1')
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:firstseen=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:domain=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:port=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:httpheaders=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:httpheaders).and_return('{}')
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:save!)
+        allow(JSON).to receive(:parse).with('{}').and_return({})
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser).to receive(:new).and_return(zombie)
+        err_msg_calls = []
+        allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:err_msg) { |*args| err_msg_calls << args.last }
+        described_class.new(full_data)
+        expect(err_msg_calls).to include(a_string_matching(/Invalid cookies/))
+      end
+
+      it 'calls err_msg when host.os.name is invalid' do
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser).to receive(:where).and_return([])
+        stub_all_filters_valid_except(:is_valid_osname?)
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::BrowserDetails).to receive(:set)
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Constants::Browsers).to receive(:friendly_name).and_return('Firefox')
+        zombie = double('HookedBrowser', id: 1, ip: '127.0.0.1')
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:firstseen=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:domain=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:port=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:httpheaders=)
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:httpheaders).and_return('{}')
+        allow(zombie).to receive(:save!)
+        allow(JSON).to receive(:parse).with('{}').and_return({})
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser).to receive(:new).and_return(zombie)
+        err_msg_calls = []
+        allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:err_msg) { |*args| err_msg_calls << args.last }
+        described_class.new(full_data)
+        expect(err_msg_calls).to include(a_string_matching(/operating system name/))
+      end
+    end
   end
 end

spec/beef/core/main/handlers/hookedbrowsers_spec.rb

@@ -4,37 +4,160 @@
 # See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
 #
 
+require 'spec_helper'
+
 RSpec.describe BeEF::Core::Handlers::HookedBrowsers do
-  # Test the confirm_browser_user_agent logic directly
-  describe 'confirm_browser_user_agent logic' do
-    it 'matches legacy browser user agents' do
+  # .new returns Sinatra::Wrapper; use allocate to get the real class instance for unit testing
+  let(:handler) { described_class.allocate }
+
+  describe "GET '/'" do
+    let(:config) { BeEF::Core::Configuration.instance }
+    # Use a host permitted by Router's host_authorization (.localhost, .test, or config public host)
+    let(:rack_env) { { 'REMOTE_ADDR' => '192.168.1.1', 'HTTP_HOST' => 'localhost' } }
+
+    def app
+      described_class
+    end
+
+    before do
+      allow(BeEF::Core::Logger.instance).to receive(:register)
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).and_call_original
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.restful_api.allow_cors').and_return(false)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns 404 when permitted_hooking_subnet is nil' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.restrictions.permitted_hooking_subnet').and_return(nil)
+      get '/', {}, rack_env
+      expect(last_response.status).to eq(404)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns 404 when permitted_hooking_subnet is empty' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.restrictions.permitted_hooking_subnet').and_return([])
+      get '/', {}, rack_env
+      expect(last_response.status).to eq(404)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns 404 when client IP is not in permitted subnet' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.restrictions.permitted_hooking_subnet').and_return(['10.0.0.0/8'])
+      get '/', {}, rack_env
+      expect(last_response.status).to eq(404)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns 404 when client IP is in excluded_hooking_subnet' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.restrictions.permitted_hooking_subnet').and_return(['0.0.0.0/0'])
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.restrictions.excluded_hooking_subnet').and_return(['192.168.1.0/24'])
+      get '/', {}, rack_env
+      expect(last_response.status).to eq(404)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns 200 and hook body when IP permitted, not excluded, no session (new browser)' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.restrictions.permitted_hooking_subnet').and_return(['192.168.0.0/16'])
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.restrictions.excluded_hooking_subnet').and_return([])
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.hook_session_name').and_return('beefhook')
+      allow(BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser).to receive(:where).and_return([])
+      allow(BeEF::Filters).to receive(:is_valid_hostname?).with('localhost').and_return(true)
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.websocket.enable').and_return(false)
+      allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:confirm_browser_user_agent).and_return(false)
+      allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:legacy_build_beefjs!).with('localhost')
+      get '/', {}, rack_env
+      expect(last_response.status).to eq(200)
+      expect(last_response.headers['Content-Type']).to include('javascript')
+    end
+
+    it 'uses multi_stage_beefjs when websocket disabled and confirm_browser_user_agent true' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.restrictions.permitted_hooking_subnet').and_return(['0.0.0.0/0'])
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.restrictions.excluded_hooking_subnet').and_return([])
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.hook_session_name').and_return('beefhook')
+      allow(BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser).to receive(:where).and_return([])
+      allow(BeEF::Filters).to receive(:is_valid_hostname?).with('localhost').and_return(true)
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.websocket.enable').and_return(false)
+      allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:confirm_browser_user_agent).and_return(true)
+      allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:multi_stage_beefjs!).with('localhost')
+      get '/', {}, { 'REMOTE_ADDR' => '127.0.0.1', 'HTTP_HOST' => 'localhost' }
+      expect(last_response.status).to eq(200)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns early with empty body when hostname is invalid' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.restrictions.permitted_hooking_subnet').and_return(['0.0.0.0/0'])
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.restrictions.excluded_hooking_subnet').and_return([])
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.hook_session_name').and_return('beefhook')
+      allow(BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser).to receive(:where).and_return([])
+      # Use permitted host so request reaches handler; stub hostname validation to fail
+      allow(BeEF::Filters).to receive(:is_valid_hostname?).with('localhost').and_return(false)
+      get '/', {}, { 'REMOTE_ADDR' => '127.0.0.1', 'HTTP_HOST' => 'localhost' }
+      expect(last_response.status).to eq(200)
+      expect(last_response.body).to eq('')
+    end
+
+    context 'when session exists (existing browser path)' do
+      let(:hooked_browser) do
+        double('HookedBrowser',
+               id: 1,
+               ip: '192.168.1.1',
+               lastseen: Time.new.to_i - 120,
+               session: 'existing_session',
+               count!: nil,
+               save!: true).tap do |d|
+          allow(d).to receive(:lastseen=)
+          allow(d).to receive(:ip=)
+        end
+      end
+
+      before do
+        allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.restrictions.permitted_hooking_subnet').and_return(['192.168.0.0/16'])
+        allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.restrictions.excluded_hooking_subnet').and_return([])
+        allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.hook_session_name').and_return('beefhook')
+        allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.allow_reverse_proxy').and_return(false)
+        relation = double('Relation', first: hooked_browser)
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser).to receive(:where).with(session: 'existing_session').and_return(relation)
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::Command).to receive(:where).with(hooked_browser_id: 1, instructions_sent: false).and_return([])
+        allow(BeEF::API::Registrar.instance).to receive(:fire)
+      end
+
+      it 'returns 200 and updates lastseen' do
+        get '/', { 'beefhook' => 'existing_session' }, rack_env
+        expect(last_response.status).to eq(200)
+        expect(hooked_browser).to have_received(:save!)
+      end
+
+      it 'logs zombie comeback when lastseen was more than 60 seconds ago' do
+        get '/', { 'beefhook' => 'existing_session' }, rack_env
+        expect(BeEF::Core::Logger.instance).to have_received(:register).with('Zombie', /appears to have come back online/, '1')
+      end
+
+      it 'calls add_command_instructions for each pending command' do
+        command = double('Command', id: 1, command_module_id: 1)
+        allow(BeEF::Core::Models::Command).to receive(:where).with(hooked_browser_id: 1, instructions_sent: false).and_return([command])
+        expect_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:add_command_instructions).with(command, hooked_browser)
+        get '/', { 'beefhook' => 'existing_session' }, rack_env
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#confirm_browser_user_agent' do
+    it 'returns true when user_agent suffix matches a legacy UA string' do
       allow(BeEF::Core::Models::LegacyBrowserUserAgents).to receive(:user_agents).and_return(['IE 8.0'])
 
-      # Test the logic: browser_type = user_agent.split(' ').last
-      user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 IE 8.0'
-      browser_type = user_agent.split(' ').last
-      
-      # Test the matching logic
-      matched = false
-      BeEF::Core::Models::LegacyBrowserUserAgents.user_agents.each do |ua_string|
-        matched = true if ua_string.include?(browser_type)
+      # browser_type = user_agent.split(' ').last => '8.0'; 'IE 8.0'.include?('8.0') => true
+      expect(handler.confirm_browser_user_agent('Mozilla/5.0 IE 8.0')).to be true
     end
 
-      expect(matched).to be true
+    it 'returns true when first legacy UA matches' do
+      allow(BeEF::Core::Models::LegacyBrowserUserAgents).to receive(:user_agents).and_return(['IE 8.0', 'Firefox/3.6'])
+
+      expect(handler.confirm_browser_user_agent('Mozilla/5.0 IE 8.0')).to be true
     end
 
-    it 'does not match non-legacy browser user agents' do
+    it 'returns false when no legacy UA includes the browser type' do
       allow(BeEF::Core::Models::LegacyBrowserUserAgents).to receive(:user_agents).and_return([])
 
-      user_agent = 'Chrome/91.0'
-      browser_type = user_agent.split(' ').last
-      
-      matched = false
-      BeEF::Core::Models::LegacyBrowserUserAgents.user_agents.each do |ua_string|
-        matched = true if ua_string.include?(browser_type)
+      expect(handler.confirm_browser_user_agent('Mozilla/5.0 Chrome/91.0')).to be false
     end
 
-      expect(matched).to be false
+    it 'returns false when legacy list has entries but none match' do
+      allow(BeEF::Core::Models::LegacyBrowserUserAgents).to receive(:user_agents).and_return(['IE 8.0'])
+
+      expect(handler.confirm_browser_user_agent('Chrome/91.0')).to be false
     end
   end
 end

spec/beef/core/main/logger_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe BeEF::Core::Logger do
+  let(:logger) { described_class.instance }
+  let(:log_double) { instance_double(BeEF::Core::Models::Log, save!: true) }
+
+  before do
+    allow(BeEF::Core::Models::Log).to receive(:create).and_return(log_double)
+    allow(logger).to receive(:print_debug)
+    logger.instance_variable_set(:@notifications, nil)
+  end
+
+  describe '#register' do
+    it 'creates a log entry with from, event, and hooked_browser_id' do
+      result = logger.register('Authentication', 'User logged in', 0)
+
+      expect(result).to be true
+      expect(BeEF::Core::Models::Log).to have_received(:create).with(
+        hash_including(
+          logtype: 'Authentication',
+          event: 'User logged in',
+          hooked_browser_id: 0
+        )
+      )
+      expect(log_double).to have_received(:save!)
+    end
+
+    it 'converts hb to integer' do
+      logger.register('From', 'Event', '42')
+
+      expect(BeEF::Core::Models::Log).to have_received(:create).with(
+        hash_including(hooked_browser_id: 42)
+      )
+    end
+
+    it 'defaults hb to 0 when not provided' do
+      logger.register('From', 'Event')
+
+      expect(BeEF::Core::Models::Log).to have_received(:create).with(
+        hash_including(hooked_browser_id: 0)
+      )
+    end
+
+    it 'raises TypeError when from is not a String' do
+      expect { logger.register(123, 'Event', 0) }.to raise_error(
+        TypeError, "'from' is Integer; expected String"
+      )
+    end
+
+    it 'raises TypeError when event is not a String' do
+      expect { logger.register('From', nil, 0) }.to raise_error(
+        TypeError, "'event' is NilClass; expected String"
+      )
+    end
+
+    it 'calls notifications when extension is enabled' do
+      notifications_double = double('Notifications')
+      logger.instance_variable_set(:@notifications, notifications_double)
+      allow(notifications_double).to receive(:new)
+      logger.register('Zombie', 'Browser hooked', 7)
+      expect(notifications_double).to have_received(:new).with(
+        'Zombie',
+        'Browser hooked',
+        kind_of(Time),
+        7
+      )
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/core/main/models/command_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe BeEF::Core::Models::Command do
+  describe 'associations' do
+    it 'has_many results' do
+      expect(described_class.reflect_on_association(:results)).not_to be_nil
+      expect(described_class.reflect_on_association(:results).macro).to eq(:has_many)
+    end
+
+    it 'has_one command_module' do
+      expect(described_class.reflect_on_association(:command_module)).not_to be_nil
+      expect(described_class.reflect_on_association(:command_module).macro).to eq(:has_one)
+    end
+
+    it 'has_one hooked_browser' do
+      expect(described_class.reflect_on_association(:hooked_browser)).not_to be_nil
+      expect(described_class.reflect_on_association(:hooked_browser).macro).to eq(:has_one)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.show_status' do
+    it 'returns ERROR for status -1' do
+      expect(described_class.show_status(-1)).to eq('ERROR')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns SUCCESS for status 1' do
+      expect(described_class.show_status(1)).to eq('SUCCESS')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns UNKNOWN for status 0' do
+      expect(described_class.show_status(0)).to eq('UNKNOWN')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns UNKNOWN for any other status' do
+      expect(described_class.show_status(2)).to eq('UNKNOWN')
+      expect(described_class.show_status(99)).to eq('UNKNOWN')
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.save_result' do
+    let(:hooked_browser) { BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser.create!(session: 'cmd_save_session', ip: '127.0.0.1') }
+    let(:command_module) { BeEF::Core::Models::CommandModule.create!(name: 'cmd_save_mod', path: 'modules/test/') }
+    let(:command) do
+      described_class.create!(
+        hooked_browser_id: hooked_browser.id,
+        command_module_id: command_module.id
+      )
+    end
+
+    before do
+      allow(BeEF::Core::Logger.instance).to receive(:register)
+      allow(described_class).to receive(:print_info)
+    end
+
+    it 'creates a Result and returns true when all args are valid' do
+      result = described_class.save_result(
+        'cmd_save_session',
+        command.id,
+        'Friendly Name',
+        { 'output' => 'data' },
+        1
+      )
+
+      expect(result).to be true
+      created = BeEF::Core::Models::Result.last
+      expect(created).not_to be_nil
+      expect(created.command_id).to eq(command.id)
+      expect(created.hooked_browser_id).to eq(hooked_browser.id)
+      expect(created.status).to eq(1)
+      expect(JSON.parse(created.data)).to eq({ 'output' => 'data' })
+    end
+
+    it 'raises TypeError when hook_session_id is not a String' do
+      expect do
+        described_class.save_result(123, command.id, 'Name', {}, 1)
+      end.to raise_error(TypeError, '"hook_session_id" needs to be a string')
+    end
+
+    it 'raises TypeError when command_id is not an Integer' do
+      expect do
+        described_class.save_result('cmd_save_session', '1', 'Name', {}, 1)
+      end.to raise_error(TypeError, '"command_id" needs to be an integer')
+    end
+
+    it 'raises TypeError when command_friendly_name is not a String' do
+      expect do
+        described_class.save_result('cmd_save_session', command.id, 123, {}, 1)
+      end.to raise_error(TypeError, '"command_friendly_name" needs to be a string')
+    end
+
+    it 'raises TypeError when result is not a Hash' do
+      expect do
+        described_class.save_result('cmd_save_session', command.id, 'Name', 'string', 1)
+      end.to raise_error(TypeError, '"result" needs to be a hash')
+    end
+
+    it 'raises TypeError when status is not an Integer' do
+      expect do
+        described_class.save_result('cmd_save_session', command.id, 'Name', {}, '1')
+      end.to raise_error(TypeError, '"status" needs to be an integer')
+    end
+
+    it 'raises TypeError when hooked_browser is not found for session' do
+      expect do
+        described_class.save_result('nonexistent_session', command.id, 'Name', {}, 1)
+      end.to raise_error(TypeError, 'hooked_browser is nil')
+    end
+
+    it 'raises TypeError when command is not found for id and hooked_browser' do
+      BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser.create!(session: 'other_session', ip: '127.0.0.1')
+
+      expect do
+        described_class.save_result('other_session', command.id, 'Name', {}, 1)
+      end.to raise_error(TypeError, 'command is nil')
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/core/main/models/commandmodule_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe BeEF::Core::Models::CommandModule do
+  describe 'associations' do
+    it 'has_many commands' do
+      expect(described_class.reflect_on_association(:commands)).not_to be_nil
+      expect(described_class.reflect_on_association(:commands).macro).to eq(:has_many)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.create' do
+    it 'creates a command module with name and path' do
+      mod = described_class.create!(name: 'test_module', path: 'modules/test/')
+
+      expect(mod).to be_persisted
+      expect(mod.name).to eq('test_module')
+      expect(mod.path).to eq('modules/test/')
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/core/main/models/hookedbrowser_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser do
+  describe 'associations' do
+    it 'has_many commands' do
+      expect(described_class.reflect_on_association(:commands)).not_to be_nil
+      expect(described_class.reflect_on_association(:commands).macro).to eq(:has_many)
+    end
+
+    it 'has_many results' do
+      expect(described_class.reflect_on_association(:results)).not_to be_nil
+      expect(described_class.reflect_on_association(:results).macro).to eq(:has_many)
+    end
+
+    it 'has_many logs' do
+      expect(described_class.reflect_on_association(:logs)).not_to be_nil
+      expect(described_class.reflect_on_association(:logs).macro).to eq(:has_many)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#count!' do
+    it 'sets count to 1 when count is nil' do
+      hb = described_class.create!(session: 'count_nil', ip: '127.0.0.1', count: nil)
+
+      hb.count!
+
+      expect(hb.count).to eq(1)
+    end
+
+    it 'increments count when count is already set' do
+      hb = described_class.create!(session: 'count_set', ip: '127.0.0.1', count: 3)
+
+      hb.count!
+
+      expect(hb.count).to eq(4)
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/core/main/models/log_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+
+require 'spec_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe BeEF::Core::Models::Log do
+  describe 'associations' do
+    it 'has_one hooked_browser' do
+      expect(described_class.reflect_on_association(:hooked_browser)).not_to be_nil
+      expect(described_class.reflect_on_association(:hooked_browser).macro).to eq(:has_one)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '.create' do
+    it 'creates a log with logtype, event, and date' do
+      log = described_class.create!(
+        logtype: 'TestSource',
+        event: 'Test event message',
+        date: Time.now
+      )
+
+      expect(log).to be_persisted
+      expect(log.logtype).to eq('TestSource')
+      expect(log.event).to eq('Test event message')
+    end
+
+    it 'can store hooked_browser_id' do
+      hb = BeEF::Core::Models::HookedBrowser.create!(session: 'log_hb', ip: '127.0.0.1')
+      log = described_class.create!(
+        logtype: 'Hook',
+        event: 'Browser hooked',
+        date: Time.now,
+        hooked_browser_id: hb.id
+      )
+
+      expect(log.hooked_browser_id).to eq(hb.id)
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/core/main/server_spec.rb

@@ -110,4 +110,68 @@ RSpec.describe BeEF::Core::Server do
       server.remap
     end
   end
+
+  describe '#prepare' do
+    before do
+      allow(BeEF::API::Registrar.instance).to receive(:fire).with(BeEF::API::Server, 'mount_handler', server)
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).and_return(nil)
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.hook_file').and_return('/hook.js')
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.host').and_return('0.0.0.0')
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.port').and_return('3000')
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.debug').and_return(false)
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.https.enable').and_return(false)
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.debug').and_return(false)
+      allow(Thin::Server).to receive(:new).and_return(double('Thin::Server'))
+    end
+
+    it 'mounts hook file handler and init handler' do
+      server.prepare
+      expect(server.mounts).to have_key('/hook.js')
+      expect(server.mounts).to have_key('/init')
+      expect(server.mounts['/hook.js']).not_to be_nil
+      expect(server.mounts['/init']).to eq(BeEF::Core::Handlers::BrowserDetails)
+    end
+
+    it 'builds Rack URLMap from mounts' do
+      server.prepare
+      expect(server.instance_variable_get(:@rack_app)).to be_a(Rack::URLMap)
+    end
+
+    it 'returns early when @http_server already set' do
+      allow(Thin::Server).to receive(:new)
+      existing = double('Thin::Server')
+      server.instance_variable_set(:@http_server, existing)
+      server.prepare
+      expect(Thin::Server).not_to have_received(:new)
+    end
+
+    it 'sets Thin::Logging when beef.http.debug is true' do
+      allow(config).to receive(:get).with('beef.http.debug').and_return(true)
+      allow(Thin::Logging).to receive(:silent=)
+      allow(Thin::Logging).to receive(:debug=)
+      server.prepare
+      expect(Thin::Logging).to have_received(:silent=).with(false)
+      expect(Thin::Logging).to have_received(:debug=).with(true)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#start' do
+    it 'rescues port-in-use error and exits' do
+      mock_thin = double('Thin::Server')
+      allow(mock_thin).to receive(:start).and_raise(RuntimeError.new('no acceptor'))
+      server.instance_variable_set(:@http_server, mock_thin)
+      allow(server).to receive(:print_error)
+      allow(server).to receive(:exit).with(127) { raise SystemExit.new(127) }
+      expect { server.start }.to raise_error(SystemExit)
+      expect(server).to have_received(:print_error).with(/port|invalid IP/i)
+      expect(server).to have_received(:exit).with(127)
+    end
+
+    it 're-raises RuntimeError when message does not include no acceptor' do
+      mock_thin = double('Thin::Server')
+      allow(mock_thin).to receive(:start).and_raise(RuntimeError.new('other error'))
+      server.instance_variable_set(:@http_server, mock_thin)
+      expect { server.start }.to raise_error(RuntimeError, 'other error')
+    end
+  end
 end

spec/beef/core/ruby/security_spec.rb

@@ -25,4 +25,30 @@ RSpec.describe 'Security method overrides' do
     expect(Kernel.method(:system).source_location).not_to be_nil
     expect(Kernel.method(:system).source_location[0]).to include('core/ruby/security.rb')
   end
+
+  describe 'override behavior' do
+    it 'exec prints security message and exits' do
+      allow(Kernel).to receive(:puts)
+      allow(Kernel).to receive(:exit)
+      exec('ls')
+      expect(Kernel).to have_received(:puts).with(/security reasons.*exec/)
+      expect(Kernel).to have_received(:exit)
+    end
+
+    it 'system prints security message and exits' do
+      allow(Kernel).to receive(:puts)
+      allow(Kernel).to receive(:exit)
+      system('ls')
+      expect(Kernel).to have_received(:puts).with(/security reasons.*system/)
+      expect(Kernel).to have_received(:exit)
+    end
+
+    it 'Kernel.system prints security message and exits' do
+      allow(Kernel).to receive(:puts)
+      allow(Kernel).to receive(:exit)
+      Kernel.system('ls')
+      expect(Kernel).to have_received(:puts).with(/security reasons.*system/)
+      expect(Kernel).to have_received(:exit)
+    end
+  end
 end

spec/beef/modules/browser/browser_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+# Unit tests for every module under modules/browser/ (including hooked_origin).
+# Branch coverage: extra post_execute for modules that set BrowserDetails when results match.
+#
+
+require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
+
+project_root = File.expand_path('../../../../', __dir__)
+browser_module_paths = Dir[File.join(project_root, 'modules/browser/**/module.rb')].sort
+
+# Load branch coverage data from centralised config
+BRANCH_COVERAGE_BROWSER = BeefTestConfig.branch_coverage_for(:browser)
+
+browser_module_paths.each do |path|
+  rel = path.sub("#{project_root}/", '').sub(/\.rb$/, '')
+  branch_key = File.dirname(path).sub("#{project_root}/", '')
+  require_path = File.join('../../../../', rel)
+  class_line = File.read(path).lines.find { |l| l =~ /\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/ }
+  next unless class_line
+
+  klass_name = class_line.match(/\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/)[1]
+  require_relative require_path
+  mod = Object.const_get(klass_name)
+
+  RSpec.describe mod do
+    if described_class.respond_to?(:options)
+      describe '.options' do
+        it 'returns an Array' do
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_proto).and_return('http')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_port).and_return('3000')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_url_str).and_return('http://127.0.0.1:3000')
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+
+          expect(described_class.options).to be_an(Array)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:pre_send)
+      describe '#pre_send' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_raw).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap).and_return(nil)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, 'result' => '', 'results' => '', 'cid' => '0')
+          expect { run_pre_send(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:post_execute)
+      describe '#post_execute' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_raw)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+          # Some modules (e.g. Spyder_eye) write screenshot files to $home_dir on the success path.
+          # Stub File.open with a block-aware double so the test never touches the real filesystem.
+          file_double = double('File').as_null_object
+          allow(File).to receive(:open) do |*_args, &block|
+            block ? block.call(file_double) : file_double
+          end
+
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, 'result' => '', 'results' => '', 'cid' => '0')
+          expect { run_post_execute(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+
+        if BRANCH_COVERAGE_BROWSER[branch_key]
+          it 'runs branch path with realistic datastore' do
+            branch = BRANCH_COVERAGE_BROWSER[branch_key]
+
+            handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+            allow(handler).to receive(:unbind)
+            allow(handler).to receive(:bind)
+            allow(handler).to receive(:remap)
+            allow(handler).to receive(:bind_raw)
+            allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+            allow(BeEF::Core::Models::BrowserDetails).to receive(:set)
+            instance = build_command_instance(described_class, branch[:datastore])
+            expect { run_post_execute(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/modules/chrome_extensions/chrome_extensions_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+# Unit tests for every module under modules/chrome_extensions/.
+# Each directory is tested for .options (when present) and #post_execute.
+#
+
+require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
+
+project_root = File.expand_path('../../../../', __dir__)
+chrome_module_paths = Dir[File.join(project_root, 'modules/chrome_extensions/**/module.rb')].sort
+
+chrome_module_paths.each do |path|
+  rel = path.sub("#{project_root}/", '').sub(/\.rb$/, '')
+  require_path = File.join('../../../../', rel)
+  class_line = File.read(path).lines.find { |l| l =~ /\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/ }
+  next unless class_line
+
+  klass_name = class_line.match(/\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/)[1]
+  require_relative require_path
+  mod = Object.const_get(klass_name)
+
+  RSpec.describe mod do
+    if described_class.respond_to?(:options)
+      describe '.options' do
+        it 'returns an Array' do
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+
+          expect(described_class.options).to be_an(Array)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:pre_send)
+      describe '#pre_send' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_raw).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap).and_return(nil)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, 'return' => '', 'result' => '', 'cid' => '0')
+          expect { run_pre_send(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:post_execute)
+      describe '#post_execute' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, 'return' => '', 'result' => '', 'cid' => '0')
+          expect { run_post_execute(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/modules/debug/debug_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+# Unit tests for every module under modules/debug/.
+# Each directory is tested for .options (when present) and #post_execute.
+# See test_beef_debugs_spec.rb for integration/E2E tests (BrowserStack).
+#
+
+require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
+
+project_root = File.expand_path('../../../../', __dir__)
+debug_module_paths = Dir[File.join(project_root, 'modules/debug/**/module.rb')].sort
+
+debug_module_paths.each do |path|
+  rel = path.sub("#{project_root}/", '').sub(/\.rb$/, '')
+  require_path = File.join('../../../../', rel)
+  class_line = File.read(path).lines.find { |l| l =~ /\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/ }
+  next unless class_line
+
+  klass_name = class_line.match(/\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/)[1]
+  require_relative require_path
+  mod = Object.const_get(klass_name)
+
+  RSpec.describe mod do
+    if described_class.respond_to?(:options)
+      describe '.options' do
+        it 'returns an Array' do
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_port).and_return('3000')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_proto).and_return('http')
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+
+          expect(described_class.options).to be_an(Array)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:pre_send)
+      describe '#pre_send' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_raw).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_redirect).with(anything, anything).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap).and_return(nil)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, 'result' => '', 'results' => '', 'cid' => '0')
+          expect { run_pre_send(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:post_execute)
+      describe '#post_execute' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, 'result' => '', 'results' => '', 'cid' => '0')
+          expect { run_post_execute(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/modules/exploits/exploits_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+# Unit tests for every module under modules/exploits/.
+# Branch coverage: extra post_execute for modules with conditional branches
+# (driven by BeefTestConfig.branch_coverage_for(:exploits) in spec_helper.rb).
+#
+
+require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
+
+project_root = File.expand_path('../../../../', __dir__)
+exploit_module_paths = Dir[File.join(project_root, 'modules/exploits/**/module.rb')].sort
+
+BRANCH_COVERAGE_EXPLOITS = BeefTestConfig.branch_coverage_for(:exploits)
+
+exploit_module_paths.each do |path|
+  rel = path.sub("#{project_root}/", '').sub(/\.rb$/, '')
+  branch_key = File.dirname(path).sub("#{project_root}/", '')
+  require_path = File.join('../../../../', rel)
+  class_line = File.read(path).lines.find { |l| l =~ /\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/ }
+  next unless class_line
+
+  klass_name = class_line.match(/\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/)[1]
+  require_relative require_path
+  mod = Object.const_get(klass_name)
+
+  RSpec.describe mod do
+    if described_class.respond_to?(:options)
+      describe '.options' do
+        it 'returns an Array' do
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+
+          expect(described_class.options).to be_an(Array)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:pre_send)
+      describe '#pre_send' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_raw).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap).and_return(nil)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, {})
+          expect { run_pre_send(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:post_execute)
+      describe '#post_execute' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, {})
+          expect { run_post_execute(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+
+        if BRANCH_COVERAGE_EXPLOITS[branch_key]
+          it 'runs branch path with realistic datastore' do
+            raw = BRANCH_COVERAGE_EXPLOITS[branch_key]
+            branches = raw.is_a?(Array) ? raw : [raw]
+
+            # NetworkService / NetworkHost belong to the network extension and may not be
+            # loaded during a modules-only spec run. Provide class doubles per-example
+            # so `allow(...).to receive(:create)` resolves regardless.
+            stub_const('BeEF::Core::Models::NetworkService', Class.new { def self.create(*); end }) unless defined?(BeEF::Core::Models::NetworkService)
+            stub_const('BeEF::Core::Models::NetworkHost', Class.new { def self.create(*); end }) unless defined?(BeEF::Core::Models::NetworkHost)
+
+            branches.each do |branch|
+              handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+              allow(handler).to receive(:unbind)
+              allow(handler).to receive(:bind)
+              allow(handler).to receive(:remap)
+              allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+              allow(BeEF::Core::Models::NetworkService).to receive(:create)
+              allow(BeEF::Core::Models::NetworkHost).to receive(:create)
+              allow(BeEF::Filters).to receive(:is_valid_ip?).and_return(true)
+              if branch[:config_get]
+                config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+                allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+                allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything) do |key|
+                  branch[:config_get].key?(key) ? branch[:config_get][key] : '127.0.0.1'
+                end
+                allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+              end
+              instance = build_command_instance(described_class, branch[:datastore])
+              expect { run_post_execute(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/modules/host/host_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+# Unit tests for every module under modules/host/.
+# Each directory is tested for .options (when present), #pre_send, and #post_execute.
+# Branch coverage: extra post_execute runs for modules listed in
+# BeefTestConfig.branch_coverage_for(:host) (defined in spec_helper.rb).
+#
+
+require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
+
+project_root = File.expand_path('../../../../', __dir__)
+host_module_paths = Dir[File.join(project_root, 'modules/host/**/module.rb')].sort
+
+BRANCH_COVERAGE_HOST = BeefTestConfig.branch_coverage_for(:host)
+
+host_module_paths.each do |path|
+  rel = path.sub("#{project_root}/", '').sub(/\.rb$/, '')
+  branch_key = File.dirname(path).sub("#{project_root}/", '')
+  require_path = File.join('../../../../', rel)
+  class_line = File.read(path).lines.find { |l| l =~ /\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/ }
+  next unless class_line
+
+  klass_name = class_line.match(/\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/)[1]
+  require_relative require_path
+  mod = Object.const_get(klass_name)
+
+  RSpec.describe mod do
+    if described_class.respond_to?(:options)
+      describe '.options' do
+        it 'returns an Array' do
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_url_str).and_return('http://127.0.0.1:3000')
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+
+          expect(described_class.options).to be_an(Array)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:pre_send)
+      describe '#pre_send' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_raw).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap).and_return(nil)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+          # Stub File.open so Hook_default_browser#pre_send doesn't read/write the real
+          # bounce_to_ie_configured.pdf in modules/host/hook_default_browser/.
+          # The source calls File.open(path, 'w') without a block and File.open(path, 'r') { |f| ... } with one.
+          file_double = double('File').as_null_object
+          allow(File).to receive(:open) do |*_args, &block|
+            block ? block.call(file_double) : file_double
+          end
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, 'result' => '', 'results' => '', 'cid' => '0')
+          expect { run_pre_send(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:post_execute)
+      describe '#post_execute' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+
+          file_double = double('File').as_null_object
+          allow(File).to receive(:open).and_return(file_double)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Models::Command).to receive(:save_result)
+          allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:ip).and_return('0.0.0.0')
+          allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:timestamp).and_return('0')
+
+          # Minimal datastore so modules that call .sub/.to_s on keys don't get nil
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, 'result' => '', 'results' => '', 'cid' => '0')
+          expect { run_post_execute(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+
+        if BRANCH_COVERAGE_HOST[branch_key]
+          it 'runs branch path with realistic datastore' do
+            branch = BRANCH_COVERAGE_HOST[branch_key]
+
+            # NetworkService / NetworkHost belong to the network extension and may not be
+            # loaded during a modules-only spec run. Provide class doubles per-example
+            # so `allow(...).to receive(:create)` resolves regardless.
+            stub_const('BeEF::Core::Models::NetworkService', Class.new { def self.create(*); end }) unless defined?(BeEF::Core::Models::NetworkService)
+            stub_const('BeEF::Core::Models::NetworkHost', Class.new { def self.create(*); end }) unless defined?(BeEF::Core::Models::NetworkHost)
+
+            handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+            allow(handler).to receive(:unbind)
+            allow(handler).to receive(:bind)
+            allow(handler).to receive(:remap)
+            allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+            file_double = double('File').as_null_object
+            allow(File).to receive(:open).and_return(file_double)
+            allow(BeEF::Core::Models::Command).to receive(:save_result)
+            allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:ip).and_return('0.0.0.0')
+            allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:timestamp).and_return('0')
+            allow(BeEF::Core::Models::NetworkService).to receive(:create)
+            allow(BeEF::Core::Models::NetworkHost).to receive(:create)
+            allow(BeEF::Core::Models::BrowserDetails).to receive(:get).and_return('Linux')
+            allow(BeEF::Filters).to receive(:is_valid_ip?).and_return(true)
+
+            config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+            allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+            allow(config).to receive(:beef_url_str).and_return('http://127.0.0.1:3000')
+            allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything) do |key|
+              branch[:config_get].key?(key) ? branch[:config_get][key] : '127.0.0.1'
+            end
+            allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+
+            instance = build_command_instance(described_class, branch[:datastore])
+            expect { run_post_execute(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/modules/ipec/ipec_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+# Unit tests for every module under modules/ipec/.
+#
+# Some ipec modules reference BeEF::Extension::ETag and
+# BeEF::Extension::ServerClientDnsTunnel which are not loaded in unit tests.
+# We stub these per-example with stub_const so the stubs don't leak across
+# the suite or shadow the real extensions when they happen to be loaded.
+#
+
+require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
+
+project_root = File.expand_path('../../../../', __dir__)
+paths = Dir[File.join(project_root, 'modules/ipec/**/module.rb')].sort
+
+# Lightweight stand-ins for the extension singletons; no real behaviour required.
+def stub_etag_messages_class
+  Class.new do
+    def self.instance
+      @instance ||= Struct.new(:messages).new({})
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+def stub_dns_tunnel_server_class
+  Class.new do
+    def self.instance
+      @instance ||= Struct.new(:messages).new({})
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+paths.each do |path|
+  rel = path.sub("#{project_root}/", '').sub(/\.rb$/, '')
+  require_path = File.join('../../../../', rel)
+  class_line = File.read(path).lines.find { |l| l =~ /\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/ }
+  next unless class_line
+
+  klass_name = class_line.match(/\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/)[1]
+  require_relative require_path
+  mod = Object.const_get(klass_name)
+
+  RSpec.describe mod do
+    before(:each) do
+      # Per-example stubs (auto-removed after each example).
+      BeEF::Extension.const_set(:ETag, Module.new) unless BeEF::Extension.const_defined?(:ETag)
+      BeEF::Extension.const_set(:ServerClientDnsTunnel, Module.new) unless BeEF::Extension.const_defined?(:ServerClientDnsTunnel)
+      stub_const('BeEF::Extension::ETag::ETagMessages', stub_etag_messages_class) unless BeEF::Extension::ETag.const_defined?(:ETagMessages)
+      stub_const('BeEF::Extension::ServerClientDnsTunnel::Server', stub_dns_tunnel_server_class) unless BeEF::Extension::ServerClientDnsTunnel.const_defined?(:Server)
+    end
+
+    if described_class.respond_to?(:options)
+      describe '.options' do
+        it 'returns an Array' do
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_port).and_return('3000')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_proto).and_return('http')
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+          expect(described_class.options).to be_an(Array)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:pre_send)
+      describe '#pre_send' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_raw).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap).and_return(nil)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything) do |key|
+            case key
+            when 'beef.extension.etag.enable' then true
+            when 'beef.extension.s2c_dns_tunnel.enable' then true
+            when 'beef.extension.s2c_dns_tunnel.zone' then 'example.com'
+            else '127.0.0.1'
+            end
+          end
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, [{ 'name' => 'data', 'value' => 'test' }])
+          expect { run_pre_send(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:post_execute)
+      describe '#post_execute' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+          file_double = double('File').as_null_object
+          allow(File).to receive(:open).and_return(file_double)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Models::Command).to receive(:save_result)
+          allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:ip).and_return('0.0.0.0')
+          allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:timestamp).and_return('0')
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, 'result' => '', 'results' => '', 'cid' => '0')
+          expect { run_post_execute(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/modules/misc/misc_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+# Unit tests for every module under modules/misc/ (including subdirs).
+# Branch coverage: extra post_execute runs for modules in
+# BeefTestConfig.branch_coverage_for(:misc) (defined in spec_helper.rb).
+#
+
+require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
+
+project_root = File.expand_path('../../../../', __dir__)
+paths = Dir[File.join(project_root, 'modules/misc/**/module.rb')].sort
+
+BRANCH_COVERAGE_MISC = BeefTestConfig.branch_coverage_for(:misc)
+
+paths.each do |path|
+  rel = path.sub("#{project_root}/", '').sub(/\.rb$/, '')
+  branch_key = File.dirname(path).sub("#{project_root}/", '')
+  require_path = File.join('../../../../', rel)
+  class_line = File.read(path).lines.find { |l| l =~ /\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+(?:\w+|BeEF::\w+(?:::\w+)*)/ }
+  next unless class_line
+
+  klass_name = class_line.match(/\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+(?:\w+|BeEF::\w+(?:::\w+)*)/)[1]
+  require_relative require_path
+  mod = Object.const_get(klass_name)
+
+  RSpec.describe mod do
+    if described_class.respond_to?(:options)
+      describe '.options' do
+        it 'returns an Array' do
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_port).and_return('3000')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_proto).and_return('http')
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+          expect(described_class.options).to be_an(Array)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Targeted structural assertions for selected misc modules. Higher value than
+      # the generic smoke test: checks option count, names, types and shape.
+      if klass_name == 'Wordpress_add_user'
+        describe '.options (Wordpress_add_user specifics)' do
+          it 'includes wordpress path and user options' do
+            config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+            allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+            allow(config).to receive(:beef_port).and_return('3000')
+            allow(config).to receive(:beef_proto).and_return('http')
+            allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+            allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+
+            options = described_class.options
+            expect(options).to be_an(Array)
+            expect(options.length).to eq(5) # wp_path (parent) + username, password, email, role
+
+            wp_path_option = options.find { |opt| opt['name'] == 'wp_path' }
+            expect(wp_path_option).not_to be_nil
+            expect(wp_path_option['value']).to eq('/')
+
+            username_option = options.find { |opt| opt['name'] == 'username' }
+            expect(username_option).not_to be_nil
+            expect(username_option['value']).to eq('beef')
+
+            password_option = options.find { |opt| opt['name'] == 'password' }
+            expect(password_option).not_to be_nil
+            expect(password_option['value']).to be_a(String)
+            expect(password_option['value'].length).to eq(10) # SecureRandom.hex(5) = 10 chars
+
+            role_option = options.find { |opt| opt['name'] == 'role' }
+            expect(role_option).not_to be_nil
+            expect(role_option['value']).to eq('administrator')
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      if klass_name == 'Test_get_variable'
+        describe '.options (Test_get_variable specifics)' do
+          it 'returns payload_name option with correct structure' do
+            config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+            allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+            allow(config).to receive(:beef_port).and_return('3000')
+            allow(config).to receive(:beef_proto).and_return('http')
+            allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+            allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+
+            options = described_class.options
+            expect(options).to be_an(Array)
+            expect(options.length).to eq(1)
+
+            option = options.first
+            expect(option['name']).to eq('payload_name')
+            expect(option['ui_label']).to eq('Payload Name')
+            expect(option['type']).to eq('text')
+            expect(option['value']).to eq('message')
+            expect(option['width']).to eq('400px')
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:pre_send)
+      describe '#pre_send' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_raw).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap).and_return(nil)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+          allow(IO).to receive(:popen).and_return(StringIO.new(''))
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, 'result' => '', 'results' => '', 'cid' => '0')
+          expect { run_pre_send(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:post_execute)
+      describe '#post_execute' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_raw)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+          file_double = double('File').as_null_object
+          allow(File).to receive(:open).and_return(file_double)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Models::Command).to receive(:save_result)
+          allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:ip).and_return('0.0.0.0')
+          allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:timestamp).and_return('0')
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, 'result' => '', 'results' => '', 'cid' => '0')
+          expect { run_post_execute(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+
+        if BRANCH_COVERAGE_MISC[branch_key]
+          it 'runs branch path with realistic datastore' do
+            branch = BRANCH_COVERAGE_MISC[branch_key]
+
+            handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+            allow(handler).to receive(:unbind)
+            allow(handler).to receive(:bind)
+            allow(handler).to receive(:remap)
+            allow(handler).to receive(:bind_raw)
+            allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+            file_double = double('File').as_null_object
+            allow(File).to receive(:open).and_return(file_double)
+            allow(BeEF::Core::Models::Command).to receive(:save_result)
+            allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:ip).and_return('0.0.0.0')
+            allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:timestamp).and_return('0')
+            instance = build_command_instance(described_class, branch[:datastore])
+            expect { run_post_execute(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/modules/network/network_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+# Unit tests for every module under modules/network/ (including ADC).
+#
+# Branch coverage data lives in BeefTestConfig.branch_coverage_for(:network)
+# (see spec_helper.rb). Per-example stub_const calls inject a Dns::Server
+# stand-in only when the real Dns extension is not loaded, avoiding the
+# "superclass mismatch for class Server" hazard that arises if the stub
+# leaks into the suite before the real extension's spec loads.
+#
+
+require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
+
+BRANCH_COVERAGE_NETWORK = BeefTestConfig.branch_coverage_for(:network)
+
+# Lightweight Dns server stand-in used when the real BeEF::Extension::Dns is
+# not loaded (e.g. when running modules-only specs).
+DNS_SERVER_STUB = Class.new do
+  def self.instance
+    @instance ||= Object.new.tap do |o|
+      def o.add_rule(*) 1 end
+      def o.remove_rule!(*) nil end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+project_root = File.expand_path('../../../../', __dir__)
+paths = Dir[File.join(project_root, 'modules/network/**/module.rb')].sort
+
+paths.each do |path|
+  rel = path.sub("#{project_root}/", '').sub(/\.rb$/, '')
+  branch_key = File.dirname(path).sub("#{project_root}/", '')
+  require_path = File.join('../../../../', rel)
+  class_line = File.read(path).lines.find { |l| l =~ /\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/ }
+  next unless class_line
+
+  klass_name = class_line.match(/\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/)[1]
+  require_relative require_path
+  mod = Object.const_get(klass_name)
+
+  RSpec.describe mod do
+    before(:each) do
+      # Irc_nat_pinning calls sleep 30 in post_execute; suppress so the suite doesn't block.
+      allow(Kernel).to receive(:sleep)
+      allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:sleep).and_return(nil)
+
+      # Provide a per-example Dns::Server stand-in only if the real extension hasn't been loaded.
+      # Using stub_const keeps the stub scoped to this example only.
+      unless defined?(BeEF::Extension::Dns) && BeEF::Extension::Dns.const_defined?(:Server)
+        BeEF::Extension.const_set(:Dns, Module.new) unless BeEF::Extension.const_defined?(:Dns)
+        stub_const('BeEF::Extension::Dns::Server', DNS_SERVER_STUB)
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.respond_to?(:options)
+      describe '.options' do
+        it 'returns an Array' do
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_port).and_return('3000')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_proto).and_return('http')
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+          expect(described_class.options).to be_an(Array)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:pre_send)
+      describe '#pre_send' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          # If the real Dns extension is loaded (e.g. rake short), stub Server.instance so Dns_rebinding works.
+          if defined?(BeEF::Extension::Dns) && BeEF::Extension::Dns.const_defined?(:Server)
+            dns_instance = double('DnsServer', add_rule: 1, remove_rule!: nil)
+            allow(BeEF::Extension::Dns::Server).to receive(:instance).and_return(dns_instance)
+          end
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_raw).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_socket).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind_socket).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_cached).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap).and_return(nil)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything) do |key|
+            case key
+            when 'beef.extension.dns_rebinding' then { 'address_http_external' => '127.0.0.1', 'port_proxy' => '1234' }
+            when 'beef.module.dns_rebinding.domain' then 'example.com'
+            else '127.0.0.1'
+            end
+          end
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+          # Dns_rebinding expects @datastore as Array of option hashes (target, domain, url_callback).
+          datastore = described_class.name.include?('Dns_rebinding') ? [{ 'value' => '192.168.0.1' }, { 'value' => 'example.com' }, {}] : { 'result' => '', 'results' => '', 'cid' => '0' }
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, datastore)
+          expect { run_pre_send(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:post_execute)
+      describe '#post_execute' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_socket)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind_socket)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_cached)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+          file_double = double('File').as_null_object
+          allow(File).to receive(:open).and_return(file_double)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Models::Command).to receive(:save_result)
+          allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:ip).and_return('0.0.0.0')
+          allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:timestamp).and_return('0')
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, 'result' => '', 'results' => '', 'cid' => '0')
+          expect { run_post_execute(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+
+        if BRANCH_COVERAGE_NETWORK[branch_key]
+          it 'runs branch path with realistic datastore' do
+            raw = BRANCH_COVERAGE_NETWORK[branch_key]
+            branches = raw.is_a?(Array) ? raw : [raw]
+
+            # NetworkService / NetworkHost belong to the network extension and may not be
+            # loaded during a modules-only spec run. Provide class doubles per-example
+            # so `allow(...).to receive(:create)` resolves regardless.
+            stub_const('BeEF::Core::Models::NetworkService', Class.new { def self.create(*); end }) unless defined?(BeEF::Core::Models::NetworkService)
+            stub_const('BeEF::Core::Models::NetworkHost', Class.new { def self.create(*); end }) unless defined?(BeEF::Core::Models::NetworkHost)
+
+            branches.each do |branch|
+              handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+              allow(handler).to receive(:unbind)
+              allow(handler).to receive(:bind)
+              allow(handler).to receive(:bind_socket)
+              allow(handler).to receive(:unbind_socket)
+              allow(handler).to receive(:remap)
+              allow(handler).to receive(:bind_cached)
+              allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+              file_double = double('File').as_null_object
+              allow(File).to receive(:open).and_return(file_double)
+              allow(BeEF::Core::Models::Command).to receive(:save_result)
+              allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:ip).and_return('0.0.0.0')
+              allow_any_instance_of(described_class).to receive(:timestamp).and_return('0')
+              allow(BeEF::Core::Models::NetworkService).to receive(:create)
+              allow(BeEF::Core::Models::NetworkHost).to receive(:create)
+              allow(BeEF::Filters).to receive(:is_valid_ip?).and_return(true)
+
+              config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+              allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+              allow(config).to receive(:beef_port).and_return('3000')
+              allow(config).to receive(:beef_proto).and_return('http')
+              allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything) do |key|
+                branch[:config_get] && branch[:config_get].key?(key) ? branch[:config_get][key] : '127.0.0.1'
+              end
+              allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+
+              instance = build_command_instance(described_class, branch[:datastore])
+              expect { run_post_execute(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+            end
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/modules/persistence/persistence_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+# Unit tests for every module under modules/persistence/.
+#
+
+require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
+
+project_root = File.expand_path('../../../../', __dir__)
+paths = Dir[File.join(project_root, 'modules/persistence/**/module.rb')].sort
+
+paths.each do |path|
+  rel = path.sub("#{project_root}/", '').sub(/\.rb$/, '')
+  require_path = File.join('../../../../', rel)
+  class_line = File.read(path).lines.find { |l| l =~ /\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/ }
+  next unless class_line
+
+  klass_name = class_line.match(/\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/)[1]
+  require_relative require_path
+  mod = Object.const_get(klass_name)
+
+  RSpec.describe mod do
+    if described_class.respond_to?(:options)
+      describe '.options' do
+        it 'returns an Array' do
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_port).and_return('3000')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_proto).and_return('http')
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+          expect(described_class.options).to be_an(Array)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:pre_send)
+      describe '#pre_send' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_raw).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap).and_return(nil)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('/hook.js')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, 'result' => '', 'results' => '', 'cid' => '0')
+          expect { run_pre_send(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:post_execute)
+      describe '#post_execute' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_raw)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+          file_double = double('File').as_null_object
+          allow(File).to receive(:open).and_return(file_double)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Models::Command).to receive(:save_result)
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, 'result' => '', 'results' => '', 'cid' => '0')
+          expect { run_post_execute(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/modules/phonegap/phonegap_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+# Unit tests for every module under modules/phonegap/.
+# Some modules use #callback instead of #post_execute; only post_execute is tested here.
+#
+
+require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
+
+project_root = File.expand_path('../../../../', __dir__)
+paths = Dir[File.join(project_root, 'modules/phonegap/**/module.rb')].sort
+
+paths.each do |path|
+  rel = path.sub("#{project_root}/", '').sub(/\.rb$/, '')
+  require_path = File.join('../../../../', rel)
+  class_line = File.read(path).lines.find { |l| l =~ /\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/ }
+  next unless class_line
+
+  klass_name = class_line.match(/\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/)[1]
+  require_relative require_path
+  mod = Object.const_get(klass_name)
+
+  RSpec.describe mod do
+    if described_class.respond_to?(:options)
+      describe '.options' do
+        it 'returns an Array' do
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_proto).and_return('http')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_port).and_return('3000')
+          allow(config).to receive(:hook_file_path).and_return('/hook.js')
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+          expect(described_class.options).to be_an(Array)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:pre_send)
+      describe '#pre_send' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_raw).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap).and_return(nil)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, 'result' => '', 'Result' => '', 'cid' => '0')
+          expect { run_pre_send(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:post_execute)
+      describe '#post_execute' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, 'result' => '', 'Result' => '', 'cid' => '0')
+          expect { run_post_execute(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/beef/modules/social_engineering/social_engineering_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+# Unit tests for every module under modules/social_engineering/.
+# Branch coverage data and pre_send skip list live in BeefTestConfig
+# (see spec_helper.rb).
+#
+
+require_relative '../../../spec_helper'
+
+project_root = File.expand_path('../../../../', __dir__)
+paths = Dir[File.join(project_root, 'modules/social_engineering/**/module.rb')].sort
+
+BRANCH_COVERAGE_SOCENG = BeefTestConfig.branch_coverage_for(:social_engineering)
+PRE_SEND_SKIP_SOCENG = BeefTestConfig.pre_send_skip_for(:social_engineering)
+
+paths.each do |path|
+  rel = path.sub("#{project_root}/", '').sub(/\.rb$/, '')
+  branch_key = File.dirname(path).sub("#{project_root}/", '')
+  require_path = File.join('../../../../', rel)
+  class_line = File.read(path).lines.find { |l| l =~ /\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/ }
+  next unless class_line
+
+  klass_name = class_line.match(/\bclass\s+(\w+)\s+<\s+BeEF::Core::Command/)[1]
+  require_relative require_path
+  mod = Object.const_get(klass_name)
+
+  RSpec.describe mod do
+    if described_class.respond_to?(:options)
+      describe '.options' do
+        it 'returns an Array' do
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_host).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_proto).and_return('http')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_port).and_return('3000')
+          allow(config).to receive(:beef_url_str).and_return('http://127.0.0.1:3000')
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything) do |key|
+            key == 'beef.module.simple_hijacker.templates' ? [] : '127.0.0.1'
+          end
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+          expect(described_class.options).to be_an(Array)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:pre_send) && !PRE_SEND_SKIP_SOCENG.include?(klass_name)
+      describe '#pre_send' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind_raw).with(anything, anything, anything, anything, anything).and_return(nil)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap).and_return(nil)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+          config = instance_double(BeEF::Core::Configuration)
+          allow(config).to receive(:get).with(anything).and_return('127.0.0.1')
+          allow(BeEF::Core::Configuration).to receive(:instance).and_return(config)
+          allow(IO).to receive(:popen).and_return(StringIO.new(''))
+          # Many pre_send implementations expect @datastore to be an Array of option hashes (name/value)
+          pre_send_datastore = [
+            { 'name' => 'payload', 'value' => 'cmd' },
+            { 'name' => 'payload_handler', 'value' => 'http://127.0.0.1:8080' },
+            { 'name' => 'extension_name', 'value' => 'TestExt' },
+            { 'name' => 'xpi_name', 'value' => 'test.xpi' },
+            { 'name' => 'lport', 'value' => '4444' }
+          ]
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, pre_send_datastore)
+          expect { run_pre_send(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    if described_class.method_defined?(:post_execute)
+      describe '#post_execute' do
+        it 'runs without error' do
+          handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+          allow(handler).to receive(:unbind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:bind)
+          allow(handler).to receive(:remap)
+          allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+          instance = build_command_instance(described_class, 'result' => '', 'results' => '', 'answer' => '', 'cid' => '0')
+          expect { run_post_execute(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+        end
+
+        if BRANCH_COVERAGE_SOCENG[branch_key]
+          it 'runs branch path with realistic datastore' do
+            branch = BRANCH_COVERAGE_SOCENG[branch_key]
+
+            handler = instance_double('AssetHandler')
+            allow(handler).to receive(:unbind)
+            allow(handler).to receive(:bind)
+            allow(handler).to receive(:remap)
+            allow(BeEF::Core::NetworkStack::Handlers::AssetHandler).to receive(:instance).and_return(handler)
+            instance = build_command_instance(described_class, branch[:datastore])
+            expect { run_post_execute(instance) }.not_to raise_error
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/spec_helper.rb

@@ -3,14 +3,214 @@
 # Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
 # See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
 #
+
 # Coverage must start before loading application code.
-require 'simplecov'
-SimpleCov.start do
-  add_filter '/spec/'
-  add_group 'Core', 'core'
-  add_group 'Extensions', 'extensions'
-  add_group 'Modules', 'modules'
-  track_files '{core,extensions,modules}/**/*.rb'
+require 'simplecov' and SimpleCov.start if ENV['COVERAGE']
+
+# Branch-coverage datastore/config fixtures for the dynamic module spec loaders.
+# Each spec file under spec/beef/modules/* uses BeefTestConfig.branch_coverage_for(:component)
+# to drive an extra post_execute example with realistic data, hitting conditional branches
+# that the generic smoke test misses.
+#
+# Centralising these here:
+#   - removes duplicate top-level BRANCH_COVERAGE constant definitions across spec files
+#     (which previously triggered "already initialized constant" warnings and silent overrides),
+#   - makes the test data discoverable from one place, and
+#   - matches what spec/README.md claims.
+module BeefTestConfig
+  PRE_SEND_SKIP = {
+    # Modules whose pre_send needs Zip, real filesystem access, or speech tooling we
+    # don't want to invoke in unit tests; the dynamic loader skips the generic pre_send
+    # example for these described_class names.
+    social_engineering: %w[
+      Firefox_extension_bindshell Firefox_extension_dropper Firefox_extension_reverse_shell
+      Text_to_voice Ui_abuse_ie
+    ].freeze
+  }.freeze
+
+  def self.pre_send_skip_for(component)
+    PRE_SEND_SKIP[component] || []
+  end
+
+  def self.branch_coverage_for(component)
+    case component
+    when :browser
+      {
+        'modules/browser/detect_wmp' => { datastore: { 'results' => 'wmp=Yes', 'wmp' => '', 'result' => '', 'cid' => '0', 'beefhook' => '1' } },
+        'modules/browser/detect_vlc' => { datastore: { 'results' => 'vlc=Yes', 'vlc' => '', 'result' => '', 'cid' => '0', 'beefhook' => '1' } },
+        'modules/browser/detect_office' => { datastore: { 'results' => 'office=Office 2016', 'result' => '', 'cid' => '0', 'beefhook' => '1' } },
+        'modules/browser/detect_foxit' => { datastore: { 'results' => 'foxit=Yes', 'result' => '', 'cid' => '0', 'beefhook' => '1' } },
+        'modules/browser/detect_activex' => { datastore: { 'results' => 'activex=Yes', 'activex' => '', 'result' => '', 'cid' => '0', 'beefhook' => '1' } }
+      }
+    when :exploits
+      {
+        'modules/exploits/vtiger_crm_upload_exploit' => { datastore: { 'result' => 'ok', 'cid' => '0' } },
+        'modules/exploits/router/asus_rt_n12e_get_info' => {
+          datastore: {
+            'result' => '', 'results' => 'ip=192.168.1.1&clients=192.168.1.2,00:11:22:33:44:55&wanip=1.2.3.4&netmask=255.255.255.0&gateway=192.168.1.1&dns=8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4',
+            'beefhook' => '1', 'cid' => '0'
+          },
+          config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true }
+        }
+      }
+    when :host
+      {
+        'modules/host/detect_cups' => {
+          datastore: { 'results' => 'proto=http&ip=1.2.3.4&port=631&cups=Installed', 'beefhook' => '1', 'result' => '', 'cid' => '0' },
+          config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true }
+        },
+        'modules/host/detect_airdroid' => {
+          datastore: { 'results' => 'proto=http&ip=1.2.3.4&port=8888&airdroid=Installed', 'airdroid' => '', 'beefhook' => '1', 'result' => '', 'cid' => '0' },
+          config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true }
+        },
+        'modules/host/get_internal_ip_java' => {
+          datastore: { 'results' => '192.168.1.1', 'Result' => '', 'result' => '', 'beefhook' => '1', 'cid' => '0' },
+          config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true }
+        },
+        'modules/host/get_internal_ip_webrtc' => {
+          datastore: { 'results' => 'IP is 192.168.1.1', 'Result' => '', 'result' => '', 'beefhook' => '1', 'cid' => '0' },
+          config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true }
+        }
+      }
+    when :misc
+      {
+        'modules/misc/wordpress_post_auth_rce' => { datastore: { 'result' => 'ok', 'cid' => '0' } }
+      }
+    when :network
+      {
+        'modules/network/port_scanner' => {
+          datastore: { 'results' => 'ip=1.2.3.4&port=HTTP: Port 80 is OPEN Apache', 'beefhook' => '1', 'result' => '', 'port' => '', 'cid' => '0' },
+          config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true }
+        },
+        'modules/network/ping_sweep' => {
+          datastore: { 'results' => 'ip=192.168.1.1&ping=10ms', 'beefhook' => '1', 'result' => '', 'cid' => '0' },
+          config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true }
+        },
+        'modules/network/ping_sweep_ff' => {
+          datastore: { 'results' => 'host=192.168.1.1 is alive', 'beefhook' => '1', 'result' => '', 'host' => '', 'cid' => '0' },
+          config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true }
+        },
+        'modules/network/get_http_servers' => {
+          datastore: { 'results' => 'proto=http&ip=1.2.3.4&port=80&url=http://1.2.3.4/', 'beefhook' => '1', 'result' => '', 'url' => '', 'cid' => '0' },
+          config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true }
+        },
+        'modules/network/cross_origin_scanner_cors' => {
+          datastore: { 'results' => 'proto=http&ip=1.2.3.4&port=80&status=200', 'beefhook' => '1', 'result' => '', 'cid' => '0' },
+          config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true }
+        },
+        'modules/network/detect_burp' => {
+          datastore: { 'results' => 'has_burp=true&response=PROXY 127.0.0.1:8080', 'beefhook' => '1', 'result' => '', 'cid' => '0' },
+          config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true }
+        },
+        'modules/network/get_ntop_network_hosts' => {
+          datastore: { 'results' => 'proto=http&ip=1.2.3.4&port=3000&data={"hostNumIpAddress":"192.168.1.1"}', 'beefhook' => '1', 'result' => '', 'cid' => '0' },
+          config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true }
+        },
+        'modules/network/internal_network_fingerprinting' => {
+          datastore: { 'results' => 'proto=http&ip=1.2.3.4&port=80&discovered=Apache&url=http://test/', 'beefhook' => '1', 'result' => '', 'discovered' => '', 'url' => '', 'cid' => '0' },
+          config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true }
+        },
+        'modules/network/get_proxy_servers_wpad' => [
+          { datastore: { 'results' => 'proxies=PROXY 192.168.1.1:3128', 'beefhook' => '1', 'result' => '', 'cid' => '0' }, config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true } },
+          { datastore: { 'results' => 'proxies=SOCKS 192.168.1.1:1080', 'beefhook' => '1', 'result' => '', 'cid' => '0' }, config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true } }
+        ],
+        'modules/network/jslanscanner' => [
+          { datastore: { 'results' => 'proto=http&ip=1.2.3.4&port=80&service=HTTP', 'beefhook' => '1', 'result' => '', 'cid' => '0' }, config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true } },
+          { datastore: { 'results' => 'ip=1.2.3.4&device=Router', 'beefhook' => '1', 'result' => '', 'cid' => '0' }, config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true } }
+        ],
+        'modules/network/fetch_port_scanner' => {
+          datastore: { 'result' => 'ok', 'beefhook' => '1', 'cid' => '0' },
+          config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true }
+        },
+        'modules/network/cross_origin_scanner_flash' => [
+          { datastore: { 'results' => 'ip=1.2.3.4&status=alive', 'result' => '', 'beefhook' => '1', 'cid' => '0' }, config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true } },
+          { datastore: { 'results' => 'proto=http&ip=1.2.3.4&port=80&title=Apache', 'result' => '', 'beefhook' => '1', 'cid' => '0' }, config_get: { 'beef.extension.network.enable' => true } }
+        ]
+      }
+    when :social_engineering
+      {
+        'modules/social_engineering/fake_lastpass' => { datastore: { 'meta' => 'KILLFRAME', 'result' => '', 'results' => '', 'answer' => '', 'cid' => '0' } },
+        'modules/social_engineering/fake_evernote_clipper' => { datastore: { 'meta' => 'KILLFRAME', 'result' => '', 'results' => '', 'answer' => '', 'cid' => '0' } }
+      }
+    else
+      {}
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+# Returns [total_lines, covered_lines] for a group, or nil if no group.
+def group_coverage(r, group_name)
+  group = r.groups[group_name]
+  return nil unless group&.respond_to?(:each)
+
+  total_lines = 0
+  covered_lines = 0
+  group.each do |src_file|
+    total_lines += src_file.lines_of_code
+    covered_lines += src_file.covered_lines.compact.size
+  end
+  [total_lines, covered_lines]
+end
+
+# Print one group's coverage (skip forked children: very low coverage or zero).
+def print_group_coverage(r, group_name, color: "\e[36m")
+  total_lines, covered_lines = group_coverage(r, group_name)
+  return unless total_lines && total_lines.positive?
+  return if covered_lines.zero?
+
+  pct = covered_lines.to_f / total_lines * 100
+  # Skip noise from forked children (e.g. 0.03% Core).
+  return if pct < 1.0
+
+  puts "#{color}#{group_name} coverage: #{pct.round(2)}% (#{covered_lines} / #{total_lines} lines)\e[0m"
+end
+
+# Only print from the main process (skip forked children with tiny coverage).
+MIN_COVERAGE_PCT = 5.0
+
+def coverage_from_main_process?(r, focus)
+  case focus
+  when 'all'
+    %w[Core Extensions Modules].any? do |name|
+      total, covered = group_coverage(r, name)
+      next false unless total && total.positive?
+      (covered.to_f / total * 100) >= MIN_COVERAGE_PCT
+    end
+  when 'core'
+    total, covered = group_coverage(r, 'Core')
+    total && total.positive? && (covered.to_f / total * 100) >= MIN_COVERAGE_PCT
+  when 'extensions'
+    total, covered = group_coverage(r, 'Extensions')
+    total && total.positive? && (covered.to_f / total * 100) >= MIN_COVERAGE_PCT
+  when 'modules', nil
+    total, covered = group_coverage(r, 'Modules')
+    total && total.positive? && (covered.to_f / total * 100) >= MIN_COVERAGE_PCT
+  else
+    false
+  end
+end
+
+at_exit do
+  if defined?(SimpleCov) && SimpleCov.respond_to?(:result) && (r = SimpleCov.result)
+    focus = ENV['COVERAGE']
+    next unless coverage_from_main_process?(r, focus)
+
+    case focus
+    when 'core'
+      print_group_coverage(r, 'Core')
+    when 'extensions'
+      print_group_coverage(r, 'Extensions')
+    when 'modules'
+      print_group_coverage(r, 'Modules')
+    when 'all'
+      puts
+      print_group_coverage(r, 'Core')
+      print_group_coverage(r, 'Extensions')
+      print_group_coverage(r, 'Modules')
+    else
+      print_group_coverage(r, 'Modules')
+    end
+  end
 end
 
 # Set external and internal character encodings to UTF-8

spec/support/module_spec_helper.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2006-2026 Wade Alcorn - wade@bindshell.net
+# Browser Exploitation Framework (BeEF) - https://beefproject.com
+# See the file 'doc/COPYING' for copying permission
+#
+# Helpers for unit specs of command modules (modules/*/module.rb).
+# Use with stubbed config; no REST/API or real server.
+#
+
+module ModuleSpecHelper
+  #
+  # Build a command instance for testing post_execute (or other instance methods).
+  # Uses allocate so we avoid Command#initialize reading from config.
+  # Set @datastore before calling post_execute; results are stored in @results via save().
+  #
+  # @param klass [Class] The command module class (e.g. Test_beef_debug)
+  # @param datastore [Hash] Data to set on @datastore (simulates callback data)
+  # @return [Object] Instance with @datastore set; call post_execute then read instance_variable_get(:@results)
+  #
+  def build_command_instance(klass, datastore = {})
+    instance = klass.allocate
+    instance.instance_variable_set(:@datastore, datastore)
+    instance
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Call post_execute on a command instance and return the saved results.
+  # Use after build_command_instance(klass, datastore).
+  #
+  # @param instance [Object] Command instance from build_command_instance
+  # @return [Hash, nil] The value passed to save() (stored in @results)
+  #
+  def run_post_execute(instance)
+    instance.post_execute
+    instance.instance_variable_get(:@results)
+  end
+
+  #
+  # Call pre_send on a command instance (e.g. before sending the command to the hooked browser).
+  # Use after build_command_instance(klass, datastore). Stub AssetHandler, Configuration, etc. before calling.
+  #
+  # @param instance [Object] Command instance from build_command_instance
+  #
+  def run_pre_send(instance)
+    instance.pre_send
+  end
+end
+
+RSpec.configure do |config|
+  config.include ModuleSpecHelper
+
+  # Stub Kernel.sleep for all module specs so modules that call sleep
+  # (e.g. Irc_nat_pinning's post_execute sleep 30) don't slow the suite.
+  config.before(:each) do |example|
+    if example.metadata[:file_path]&.include?('spec/beef/modules')
+      allow(Kernel).to receive(:sleep)
+    end
+  end
+end