mlua-rs-mlua/src/conversion.rs

use std::borrow::Cow;
use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet, HashMap, HashSet};
use std::ffi::{CStr, CString, OsStr, OsString};
use std::hash::{BuildHasher, Hash};
use std::os::raw::c_int;
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
use std::string::String as StdString;
use std::{mem, slice, str};

use bstr::{BStr, BString, ByteSlice, ByteVec};
use num_traits::cast;

use crate::error::{Error, Result};
use crate::function::Function;
use crate::state::{Lua, RawLua};
use crate::string::{BorrowedBytes, BorrowedStr, String};
use crate::table::Table;
use crate::thread::Thread;
use crate::traits::{FromLua, IntoLua, ShortTypeName as _};
use crate::types::{Either, LightUserData, MaybeSend, RegistryKey};
use crate::userdata::{AnyUserData, UserData};
use crate::value::{Nil, Value};

impl IntoLua for Value {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(self)
    }
}

impl IntoLua for &Value {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(self.clone())
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
        lua.push_value(self)
    }
}

impl FromLua for Value {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(lua_value: Value, _: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        Ok(lua_value)
    }
}

impl IntoLua for String {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::String(self))
    }
}

impl IntoLua for &String {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::String(self.clone()))
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
        lua.push_ref(&self.0);
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl FromLua for String {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, lua: &Lua) -> Result<String> {
        let ty = value.type_name();
        lua.coerce_string(value)?
            .ok_or_else(|| Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: ty,
                to: "string".to_string(),
                message: Some("expected string or number".to_string()),
            })
    }

    unsafe fn from_stack(idx: c_int, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<Self> {
        let state = lua.state();
        let type_id = ffi::lua_type(state, idx);
        if type_id == ffi::LUA_TSTRING {
            ffi::lua_xpush(state, lua.ref_thread(), idx);
            return Ok(String(lua.pop_ref_thread()));
        }
        // Fallback to default
        Self::from_lua(lua.stack_value(idx, Some(type_id)), lua.lua())
    }
}

impl IntoLua for BorrowedStr<'_> {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::String(self.borrow.into_owned()))
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
        lua.push_ref(&self.borrow.0);
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl IntoLua for &BorrowedStr<'_> {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::String(self.borrow.clone().into_owned()))
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
        lua.push_ref(&self.borrow.0);
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl FromLua for BorrowedStr<'_> {
    fn from_lua(value: Value, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        let s = String::from_lua(value, lua)?;
        let BorrowedStr { buf, _lua, .. } = BorrowedStr::try_from(&s)?;
        let buf = unsafe { mem::transmute::<&str, &'static str>(buf) };
        let borrow = Cow::Owned(s);
        Ok(Self { buf, borrow, _lua })
    }

    unsafe fn from_stack(idx: c_int, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<Self> {
        let s = String::from_stack(idx, lua)?;
        let BorrowedStr { buf, _lua, .. } = BorrowedStr::try_from(&s)?;
        let buf = unsafe { mem::transmute::<&str, &'static str>(buf) };
        let borrow = Cow::Owned(s);
        Ok(Self { buf, borrow, _lua })
    }
}

impl IntoLua for BorrowedBytes<'_> {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::String(self.borrow.into_owned()))
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
        lua.push_ref(&self.borrow.0);
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl IntoLua for &BorrowedBytes<'_> {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::String(self.borrow.clone().into_owned()))
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
        lua.push_ref(&self.borrow.0);
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl FromLua for BorrowedBytes<'_> {
    fn from_lua(value: Value, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        let s = String::from_lua(value, lua)?;
        let BorrowedBytes { buf, _lua, .. } = BorrowedBytes::from(&s);
        let buf = unsafe { mem::transmute::<&[u8], &'static [u8]>(buf) };
        let borrow = Cow::Owned(s);
        Ok(Self { buf, borrow, _lua })
    }

    unsafe fn from_stack(idx: c_int, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<Self> {
        let s = String::from_stack(idx, lua)?;
        let BorrowedBytes { buf, _lua, .. } = BorrowedBytes::from(&s);
        let buf = unsafe { mem::transmute::<&[u8], &'static [u8]>(buf) };
        let borrow = Cow::Owned(s);
        Ok(Self { buf, borrow, _lua })
    }
}

impl IntoLua for Table {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Table(self))
    }
}

impl IntoLua for &Table {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Table(self.clone()))
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
        lua.push_ref(&self.0);
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl FromLua for Table {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, _: &Lua) -> Result<Table> {
        match value {
            Value::Table(table) => Ok(table),
            _ => Err(Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: value.type_name(),
                to: "table".to_string(),
                message: None,
            }),
        }
    }
}

impl IntoLua for Function {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Function(self))
    }
}

impl IntoLua for &Function {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Function(self.clone()))
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
        lua.push_ref(&self.0);
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl FromLua for Function {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, _: &Lua) -> Result<Function> {
        match value {
            Value::Function(table) => Ok(table),
            _ => Err(Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: value.type_name(),
                to: "function".to_string(),
                message: None,
            }),
        }
    }
}

impl IntoLua for Thread {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Thread(self))
    }
}

impl IntoLua for &Thread {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Thread(self.clone()))
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
        lua.push_ref(&self.0);
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl FromLua for Thread {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, _: &Lua) -> Result<Thread> {
        match value {
            Value::Thread(t) => Ok(t),
            _ => Err(Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: value.type_name(),
                to: "thread".to_string(),
                message: None,
            }),
        }
    }
}

impl IntoLua for AnyUserData {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::UserData(self))
    }
}

impl IntoLua for &AnyUserData {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::UserData(self.clone()))
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
        lua.push_ref(&self.0);
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl FromLua for AnyUserData {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, _: &Lua) -> Result<AnyUserData> {
        match value {
            Value::UserData(ud) => Ok(ud),
            _ => Err(Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: value.type_name(),
                to: "userdata".to_string(),
                message: None,
            }),
        }
    }
}

impl<T: UserData + MaybeSend + 'static> IntoLua for T {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::UserData(lua.create_userdata(self)?))
    }
}

impl IntoLua for Error {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Error(Box::new(self)))
    }
}

impl FromLua for Error {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, _: &Lua) -> Result<Error> {
        match value {
            Value::Error(err) => Ok(*err),
            val => Ok(Error::runtime(val.to_string()?)),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "anyhow")]
impl IntoLua for anyhow::Error {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Error(Box::new(Error::from(self))))
    }
}

impl IntoLua for RegistryKey {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        lua.registry_value(&self)
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
        <&RegistryKey>::push_into_stack(&self, lua)
    }
}

impl IntoLua for &RegistryKey {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        lua.registry_value(self)
    }

    unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
        if !lua.owns_registry_value(self) {
            return Err(Error::MismatchedRegistryKey);
        }

        match self.id() {
            ffi::LUA_REFNIL => ffi::lua_pushnil(lua.state()),
            id => {
                ffi::lua_rawgeti(lua.state(), ffi::LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, id as _);
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl FromLua for RegistryKey {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, lua: &Lua) -> Result<RegistryKey> {
        lua.create_registry_value(value)
    }
}

impl IntoLua for bool {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Boolean(self))
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
        ffi::lua_pushboolean(lua.state(), self as c_int);
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl FromLua for bool {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(v: Value, _: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        match v {
            Value::Nil => Ok(false),
            Value::Boolean(b) => Ok(b),
            _ => Ok(true),
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn from_stack(idx: c_int, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<Self> {
        Ok(ffi::lua_toboolean(lua.state(), idx) != 0)
    }
}

impl IntoLua for LightUserData {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::LightUserData(self))
    }
}

impl FromLua for LightUserData {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, _: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        match value {
            Value::LightUserData(ud) => Ok(ud),
            _ => Err(Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: value.type_name(),
                to: "lightuserdata".to_string(),
                message: None,
            }),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "luau")]
impl IntoLua for crate::Vector {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Vector(self))
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "luau")]
impl FromLua for crate::Vector {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, _: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        match value {
            Value::Vector(v) => Ok(v),
            _ => Err(Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: value.type_name(),
                to: "vector".to_string(),
                message: None,
            }),
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "luau")]
impl IntoLua for crate::Buffer {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Buffer(self))
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "luau")]
impl IntoLua for &crate::Buffer {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Buffer(self.clone()))
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
        lua.push_ref(&self.0);
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "luau")]
impl FromLua for crate::Buffer {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, _: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        match value {
            Value::Buffer(buf) => Ok(buf),
            _ => Err(Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: value.type_name(),
                to: "buffer".to_string(),
                message: None,
            }),
        }
    }
}

impl IntoLua for StdString {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::String(lua.create_string(self)?))
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
        push_bytes_into_stack(self, lua)
    }
}

impl FromLua for StdString {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        let ty = value.type_name();
        Ok(lua
            .coerce_string(value)?
            .ok_or_else(|| Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: ty,
                to: Self::type_name(),
                message: Some("expected string or number".to_string()),
            })?
            .to_str()?
            .to_owned())
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn from_stack(idx: c_int, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<Self> {
        let state = lua.state();
        let type_id = ffi::lua_type(state, idx);
        if type_id == ffi::LUA_TSTRING {
            let mut size = 0;
            let data = ffi::lua_tolstring(state, idx, &mut size);
            let bytes = slice::from_raw_parts(data as *const u8, size);
            return str::from_utf8(bytes)
                .map(|s| s.to_owned())
                .map_err(|e| Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                    from: "string",
                    to: Self::type_name(),
                    message: Some(e.to_string()),
                });
        }
        // Fallback to default
        Self::from_lua(lua.stack_value(idx, Some(type_id)), lua.lua())
    }
}

impl IntoLua for &str {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::String(lua.create_string(self)?))
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
        push_bytes_into_stack(self, lua)
    }
}

impl IntoLua for Cow<'_, str> {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::String(lua.create_string(self.as_bytes())?))
    }
}

impl IntoLua for Box<str> {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::String(lua.create_string(&*self)?))
    }
}

impl FromLua for Box<str> {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        let ty = value.type_name();
        Ok(lua
            .coerce_string(value)?
            .ok_or_else(|| Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: ty,
                to: Self::type_name(),
                message: Some("expected string or number".to_string()),
            })?
            .to_str()?
            .to_owned()
            .into_boxed_str())
    }
}

impl IntoLua for CString {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::String(lua.create_string(self.as_bytes())?))
    }
}

impl FromLua for CString {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        let ty = value.type_name();
        let string = lua
            .coerce_string(value)?
            .ok_or_else(|| Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: ty,
                to: Self::type_name(),
                message: Some("expected string or number".to_string()),
            })?;

        match CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(&string.as_bytes_with_nul()) {
            Ok(s) => Ok(s.into()),
            Err(_) => Err(Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: ty,
                to: Self::type_name(),
                message: Some("invalid C-style string".to_string()),
            }),
        }
    }
}

impl IntoLua for &CStr {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::String(lua.create_string(self.to_bytes())?))
    }
}

impl IntoLua for Cow<'_, CStr> {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::String(lua.create_string(self.to_bytes())?))
    }
}

impl IntoLua for BString {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::String(lua.create_string(self)?))
    }
}

impl FromLua for BString {
    fn from_lua(value: Value, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        let ty = value.type_name();
        match value {
            Value::String(s) => Ok((*s.as_bytes()).into()),
            #[cfg(feature = "luau")]
            Value::Buffer(buf) => Ok(buf.to_vec().into()),
            _ => Ok((*lua
                .coerce_string(value)?
                .ok_or_else(|| Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                    from: ty,
                    to: Self::type_name(),
                    message: Some("expected string or number".to_string()),
                })?
                .as_bytes())
            .into()),
        }
    }

    unsafe fn from_stack(idx: c_int, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<Self> {
        let state = lua.state();
        match ffi::lua_type(state, idx) {
            ffi::LUA_TSTRING => {
                let mut size = 0;
                let data = ffi::lua_tolstring(state, idx, &mut size);
                Ok(slice::from_raw_parts(data as *const u8, size).into())
            }
            #[cfg(feature = "luau")]
            ffi::LUA_TBUFFER => {
                let mut size = 0;
                let buf = ffi::lua_tobuffer(state, idx, &mut size);
                mlua_assert!(!buf.is_null(), "invalid Luau buffer");
                Ok(slice::from_raw_parts(buf as *const u8, size).into())
            }
            type_id => {
                // Fallback to default
                Self::from_lua(lua.stack_value(idx, Some(type_id)), lua.lua())
            }
        }
    }
}

impl IntoLua for &BStr {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::String(lua.create_string(self)?))
    }
}

impl IntoLua for OsString {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        self.as_os_str().into_lua(lua)
    }
}

impl FromLua for OsString {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        let ty = value.type_name();
        let bs = BString::from_lua(value, lua)?;
        Vec::from(bs)
            .into_os_string()
            .map_err(|err| Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: ty,
                to: "OsString".into(),
                message: Some(err.to_string()),
            })
    }
}

impl IntoLua for &OsStr {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        let s = <[u8]>::from_os_str(self).ok_or_else(|| Error::ToLuaConversionError {
            from: "OsStr".into(),
            to: "string",
            message: Some("invalid utf-8 encoding".into()),
        })?;
        Ok(Value::String(lua.create_string(s)?))
    }
}

impl IntoLua for PathBuf {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        self.as_os_str().into_lua(lua)
    }
}

impl FromLua for PathBuf {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        OsString::from_lua(value, lua).map(PathBuf::from)
    }
}

impl IntoLua for &Path {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        self.as_os_str().into_lua(lua)
    }
}

impl IntoLua for char {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        let mut char_bytes = [0; 4];
        self.encode_utf8(&mut char_bytes);
        Ok(Value::String(lua.create_string(&char_bytes[..self.len_utf8()])?))
    }
}

impl FromLua for char {
    fn from_lua(value: Value, _lua: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        let ty = value.type_name();
        match value {
            Value::Integer(i) => {
                cast(i)
                    .and_then(char::from_u32)
                    .ok_or_else(|| Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                        from: ty,
                        to: "char".to_string(),
                        message: Some("integer out of range when converting to char".to_string()),
                    })
            }
            Value::String(s) => {
                let str = s.to_str()?;
                let mut str_iter = str.chars();
                match (str_iter.next(), str_iter.next()) {
                    (Some(char), None) => Ok(char),
                    _ => Err(Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                        from: ty,
                        to: "char".to_string(),
                        message: Some(
                            "expected string to have exactly one char when converting to char".to_string(),
                        ),
                    }),
                }
            }
            _ => Err(Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: ty,
                to: Self::type_name(),
                message: Some("expected string or integer".to_string()),
            }),
        }
    }
}

#[inline]
unsafe fn push_bytes_into_stack<T>(this: T, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()>
where
    T: IntoLua + AsRef<[u8]>,
{
    let bytes = this.as_ref();
    if lua.unlikely_memory_error() && bytes.len() < (1 << 30) {
        // Fast path: push directly into the Lua stack.
        ffi::lua_pushlstring(lua.state(), bytes.as_ptr() as *const _, bytes.len());
        return Ok(());
    }
    // Fallback to default
    lua.push_value(&T::into_lua(this, lua.lua())?)
}

macro_rules! lua_convert_int {
    ($x:ty) => {
        impl IntoLua for $x {
            #[inline]
            fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
                Ok(cast(self)
                    .map(Value::Integer)
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| Value::Number(self as ffi::lua_Number)))
            }

            #[inline]
            unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
                match cast(self) {
                    Some(i) => ffi::lua_pushinteger(lua.state(), i),
                    None => ffi::lua_pushnumber(lua.state(), self as ffi::lua_Number),
                }
                Ok(())
            }
        }

        impl FromLua for $x {
            #[inline]
            fn from_lua(value: Value, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
                let ty = value.type_name();
                (match value {
                    Value::Integer(i) => cast(i),
                    Value::Number(n) => cast(n),
                    _ => {
                        if let Some(i) = lua.coerce_integer(value.clone())? {
                            cast(i)
                        } else {
                            cast(
                                lua.coerce_number(value)?
                                    .ok_or_else(|| Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                                        from: ty,
                                        to: stringify!($x).to_string(),
                                        message: Some(
                                            "expected number or string coercible to number".to_string(),
                                        ),
                                    })?,
                            )
                        }
                    }
                })
                .ok_or_else(|| Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                    from: ty,
                    to: stringify!($x).to_string(),
                    message: Some("out of range".to_owned()),
                })
            }

            unsafe fn from_stack(idx: c_int, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<Self> {
                let state = lua.state();
                let type_id = ffi::lua_type(state, idx);
                if type_id == ffi::LUA_TNUMBER {
                    let mut ok = 0;
                    let i = ffi::lua_tointegerx(state, idx, &mut ok);
                    if ok != 0 {
                        return cast(i).ok_or_else(|| Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                            from: "integer",
                            to: stringify!($x).to_string(),
                            message: Some("out of range".to_owned()),
                        });
                    }
                }
                // Fallback to default
                Self::from_lua(lua.stack_value(idx, Some(type_id)), lua.lua())
            }
        }
    };
}

lua_convert_int!(i8);
lua_convert_int!(u8);
lua_convert_int!(i16);
lua_convert_int!(u16);
lua_convert_int!(i32);
lua_convert_int!(u32);
lua_convert_int!(i64);
lua_convert_int!(u64);
lua_convert_int!(i128);
lua_convert_int!(u128);
lua_convert_int!(isize);
lua_convert_int!(usize);

macro_rules! lua_convert_float {
    ($x:ty) => {
        impl IntoLua for $x {
            #[inline]
            fn into_lua(self, _: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
                Ok(Value::Number(self as _))
            }
        }

        impl FromLua for $x {
            #[inline]
            fn from_lua(value: Value, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
                let ty = value.type_name();
                lua.coerce_number(value)?
                    .map(|n| n as $x)
                    .ok_or_else(|| Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                        from: ty,
                        to: stringify!($x).to_string(),
                        message: Some("expected number or string coercible to number".to_string()),
                    })
            }

            unsafe fn from_stack(idx: c_int, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<Self> {
                let state = lua.state();
                let type_id = ffi::lua_type(state, idx);
                if type_id == ffi::LUA_TNUMBER {
                    return Ok(ffi::lua_tonumber(state, idx) as _);
                }
                // Fallback to default
                Self::from_lua(lua.stack_value(idx, Some(type_id)), lua.lua())
            }
        }
    };
}

lua_convert_float!(f32);
lua_convert_float!(f64);

impl<T> IntoLua for &[T]
where
    T: IntoLua + Clone,
{
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Table(lua.create_sequence_from(self.iter().cloned())?))
    }
}

impl<T, const N: usize> IntoLua for [T; N]
where
    T: IntoLua,
{
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Table(lua.create_sequence_from(self)?))
    }
}

impl<T, const N: usize> FromLua for [T; N]
where
    T: FromLua,
{
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, _lua: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        match value {
            #[cfg(feature = "luau")]
            #[rustfmt::skip]
            Value::Vector(v) if N == crate::Vector::SIZE => unsafe {
                use std::{mem, ptr};
                let mut arr: [mem::MaybeUninit<T>; N] = mem::MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init();
                ptr::write(arr[0].as_mut_ptr() , T::from_lua(Value::Number(v.x() as _), _lua)?);
                ptr::write(arr[1].as_mut_ptr(), T::from_lua(Value::Number(v.y() as _), _lua)?);
                ptr::write(arr[2].as_mut_ptr(), T::from_lua(Value::Number(v.z() as _), _lua)?);
                #[cfg(feature = "luau-vector4")]
                ptr::write(arr[3].as_mut_ptr(), T::from_lua(Value::Number(v.w() as _), _lua)?);
                Ok(mem::transmute_copy(&arr))
            },
            Value::Table(table) => {
                let vec = table.sequence_values().collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
                vec.try_into()
                    .map_err(|vec: Vec<T>| Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                        from: "table",
                        to: Self::type_name(),
                        message: Some(format!("expected table of length {N}, got {}", vec.len())),
                    })
            }
            _ => Err(Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: value.type_name(),
                to: Self::type_name(),
                message: Some("expected table".to_string()),
            }),
        }
    }
}

impl<T: IntoLua> IntoLua for Box<[T]> {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Table(lua.create_sequence_from(self.into_vec())?))
    }
}

impl<T: FromLua> FromLua for Box<[T]> {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        Ok(Vec::<T>::from_lua(value, lua)?.into_boxed_slice())
    }
}

impl<T: IntoLua> IntoLua for Vec<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Table(lua.create_sequence_from(self)?))
    }
}

impl<T: FromLua> FromLua for Vec<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, _lua: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        match value {
            Value::Table(table) => table.sequence_values().collect(),
            _ => Err(Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: value.type_name(),
                to: Self::type_name(),
                message: Some("expected table".to_string()),
            }),
        }
    }
}

impl<K: Eq + Hash + IntoLua, V: IntoLua, S: BuildHasher> IntoLua for HashMap<K, V, S> {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Table(lua.create_table_from(self)?))
    }
}

impl<K: Eq + Hash + FromLua, V: FromLua, S: BuildHasher + Default> FromLua for HashMap<K, V, S> {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, _: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        if let Value::Table(table) = value {
            table.pairs().collect()
        } else {
            Err(Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: value.type_name(),
                to: Self::type_name(),
                message: Some("expected table".to_string()),
            })
        }
    }
}

impl<K: Ord + IntoLua, V: IntoLua> IntoLua for BTreeMap<K, V> {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Table(lua.create_table_from(self)?))
    }
}

impl<K: Ord + FromLua, V: FromLua> FromLua for BTreeMap<K, V> {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, _: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        if let Value::Table(table) = value {
            table.pairs().collect()
        } else {
            Err(Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: value.type_name(),
                to: Self::type_name(),
                message: Some("expected table".to_string()),
            })
        }
    }
}

impl<T: Eq + Hash + IntoLua, S: BuildHasher> IntoLua for HashSet<T, S> {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Table(
            lua.create_table_from(self.into_iter().map(|val| (val, true)))?,
        ))
    }
}

impl<T: Eq + Hash + FromLua, S: BuildHasher + Default> FromLua for HashSet<T, S> {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, _: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        match value {
            Value::Table(table) if table.raw_len() > 0 => table.sequence_values().collect(),
            Value::Table(table) => table.pairs::<T, Value>().map(|res| res.map(|(k, _)| k)).collect(),
            _ => Err(Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: value.type_name(),
                to: Self::type_name(),
                message: Some("expected table".to_string()),
            }),
        }
    }
}

impl<T: Ord + IntoLua> IntoLua for BTreeSet<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(Value::Table(
            lua.create_table_from(self.into_iter().map(|val| (val, true)))?,
        ))
    }
}

impl<T: Ord + FromLua> FromLua for BTreeSet<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, _: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        match value {
            Value::Table(table) if table.raw_len() > 0 => table.sequence_values().collect(),
            Value::Table(table) => table.pairs::<T, Value>().map(|res| res.map(|(k, _)| k)).collect(),
            _ => Err(Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                from: value.type_name(),
                to: Self::type_name(),
                message: Some("expected table".to_string()),
            }),
        }
    }
}

impl<T: IntoLua> IntoLua for Option<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        match self {
            Some(val) => val.into_lua(lua),
            None => Ok(Nil),
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
        match self {
            Some(val) => val.push_into_stack(lua)?,
            None => ffi::lua_pushnil(lua.state()),
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

impl<T: FromLua> FromLua for Option<T> {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        match value {
            Nil => Ok(None),
            value => Ok(Some(T::from_lua(value, lua)?)),
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn from_stack(idx: c_int, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<Self> {
        match ffi::lua_type(lua.state(), idx) {
            ffi::LUA_TNIL => Ok(None),
            _ => Ok(Some(T::from_stack(idx, lua)?)),
        }
    }
}

impl<L: IntoLua, R: IntoLua> IntoLua for Either<L, R> {
    #[inline]
    fn into_lua(self, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Value> {
        match self {
            Either::Left(l) => l.into_lua(lua),
            Either::Right(r) => r.into_lua(lua),
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn push_into_stack(self, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<()> {
        match self {
            Either::Left(l) => l.push_into_stack(lua),
            Either::Right(r) => r.push_into_stack(lua),
        }
    }
}

impl<L: FromLua, R: FromLua> FromLua for Either<L, R> {
    #[inline]
    fn from_lua(value: Value, lua: &Lua) -> Result<Self> {
        let value_type_name = value.type_name();
        // Try the left type first
        match L::from_lua(value.clone(), lua) {
            Ok(l) => Ok(Either::Left(l)),
            // Try the right type
            Err(_) => match R::from_lua(value, lua).map(Either::Right) {
                Ok(r) => Ok(r),
                Err(_) => Err(Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                    from: value_type_name,
                    to: Self::type_name(),
                    message: None,
                }),
            },
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    unsafe fn from_stack(idx: c_int, lua: &RawLua) -> Result<Self> {
        match L::from_stack(idx, lua) {
            Ok(l) => Ok(Either::Left(l)),
            Err(_) => match R::from_stack(idx, lua).map(Either::Right) {
                Ok(r) => Ok(r),
                Err(_) => {
                    let value_type_name = CStr::from_ptr(ffi::luaL_typename(lua.state(), idx));
                    Err(Error::FromLuaConversionError {
                        from: value_type_name.to_str().unwrap(),
                        to: Self::type_name(),
                        message: None,
                    })
                }
            },
        }
    }
}