diff --git a/mrbgems/mruby-error/src/exception.c b/mrbgems/mruby-error/src/exception.c
index b43a3ef05..b2b280356 100644
--- a/mrbgems/mruby-error/src/exception.c
+++ b/mrbgems/mruby-error/src/exception.c
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 #include <mruby.h>
 #include <mruby/error.h>
 
+/* Helper structure to pass function and data to protection wrapper */
 struct protect_data {
-  mrb_func_t body;
-  mrb_value data;
+  mrb_func_t body;    /* Function to be executed under protection */
+  mrb_value data;     /* Data to be passed to the function */
 };
 
+/* Helper function that wraps user function calls for exception protection.
+ * Extracts function and data from protect_data structure and calls the
+ * user function with proper parameters. Used internally by mrb_protect. */
 static mrb_value
 protect_body(mrb_state *mrb, void *p)
 {
@@ -13,6 +17,19 @@ protect_body(mrb_state *mrb, void *p)
   return dp->body(mrb, dp->data);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Executes a function under exception protection.
+ *
+ * @param mrb    mruby state
+ * @param body   Function to execute under protection
+ * @param data   Data to pass to the function
+ * @param state  Pointer to store exception state (true if exception occurred)
+ * @return       Return value from body function, or exception object if error occurred
+ *
+ * This function provides a C API equivalent to Ruby's begin/rescue blocks.
+ * If an exception occurs during execution of body, it will be caught and
+ * the exception object returned, with *state set to true.
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value
 mrb_protect(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t body, mrb_value data, mrb_bool *state)
 {
@@ -20,6 +37,21 @@ mrb_protect(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t body, mrb_value data, mrb_bool *state)
   return mrb_protect_error(mrb, protect_body, &protect_data, state);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Executes a function with guaranteed cleanup (ensure block).
+ *
+ * @param mrb      mruby state
+ * @param body     Main function to execute
+ * @param b_data   Data to pass to body function
+ * @param ensure   Cleanup function that always executes
+ * @param e_data   Data to pass to ensure function
+ * @return         Return value from body function
+ *
+ * This function provides a C API equivalent to Ruby's begin/ensure blocks.
+ * The ensure function is guaranteed to execute regardless of whether the
+ * body function completes normally or raises an exception. If an exception
+ * occurs in the body, it will be re-raised after the ensure block executes.
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value
 mrb_ensure(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t body, mrb_value b_data, mrb_func_t ensure, mrb_value e_data)
 {
@@ -36,6 +68,20 @@ mrb_ensure(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t body, mrb_value b_data, mrb_func_t ensure,
   return result;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Executes a function with exception handling for StandardError and its subclasses.
+ *
+ * @param mrb      mruby state
+ * @param body     Main function to execute
+ * @param b_data   Data to pass to body function
+ * @param rescue   Exception handler function
+ * @param r_data   Data to pass to rescue function
+ * @return         Return value from body function, or rescue function if StandardError occurred
+ *
+ * This function provides a C API equivalent to Ruby's begin/rescue blocks that
+ * catch StandardError. It's a convenience wrapper around mrb_rescue_exceptions
+ * that automatically handles StandardError and its subclasses.
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value
 mrb_rescue(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t body, mrb_value b_data,
            mrb_func_t rescue, mrb_value r_data)
@@ -43,6 +89,22 @@ mrb_rescue(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t body, mrb_value b_data,
   return mrb_rescue_exceptions(mrb, body, b_data, rescue, r_data, 1, &mrb->eStandardError_class);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Executes a function with exception handling for specific exception classes.
+ *
+ * @param mrb      mruby state
+ * @param body     Main function to execute
+ * @param b_data   Data to pass to body function
+ * @param rescue   Exception handler function
+ * @param r_data   Data to pass to rescue function
+ * @param len      Number of exception classes to handle
+ * @param classes  Array of exception classes to catch
+ * @return         Return value from body function, or rescue function if matching exception occurred
+ *
+ * This function provides a C API equivalent to Ruby's begin/rescue blocks with
+ * specific exception class handling. Only exceptions that are instances of the
+ * specified classes will be caught; others will be re-raised.
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value
 mrb_rescue_exceptions(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t body, mrb_value b_data, mrb_func_t rescue, mrb_value r_data,
                       mrb_int len, struct RClass **classes)