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+# mruby-random
+
+mruby-random is an mrbgem that provides pseudo-random number generation facilities for mruby.
+
+## Features
+
+- Provides `Kernel#rand` method for generating pseudo-random numbers.
+- Supports generating random numbers within a specific range.
+- Allows setting a seed for reproducible random number sequences using `Kernel#srand`.
+
+## Global Random Number Generation
+
+### Generating a random number
+
+To generate a pseudo-random floating-point number between 0.0 (inclusive) and 1.0 (exclusive):
+
+```ruby
+r = rand
+p r # => 0.31415926535
+```
+
+To generate a pseudo-random integer number between 0 (inclusive) and a given maximum integer (exclusive):
+
+```ruby
+r = rand(100)
+p r # => 42
+```
+
+To generate a pseudo-random integer within a given `Range`:
+
+```ruby
+r = rand(10..20) # or rand(10...20)
+p r # => 15 (e.g., between 10 and 20, or 10 and 19)
+```
+
+### Seeding the random number generator
+
+To initialize the pseudo-random number generator with a specific seed:
+
+```ruby
+srand(12345)
+p rand(100) # => 81
+p rand(100) # => 81 (if you re-seed with srand(12345) again)
+
+# Using the same seed will produce the same sequence of random numbers
+srand(12345)
+p rand(100) # => 81
+srand(12345)
+p rand(100) # => 81
+```
+
+## The `Random` Class
+
+Besides the global `Kernel#rand` and `Kernel#srand` methods, `mruby-random` also provides a `Random` class for managing separate random number generators.
+
+### Creating an Instance
+
+You can create a new instance of the `Random` class with a system-generated seed:
+
+```ruby
+rng = Random.new
+p rng.rand(100)
+```
+
+Or you can provide a specific seed:
+
+```ruby
+rng = Random.new(12345)
+p rng.rand(100) # => 81
+```
+
+### Instance Methods
+
+#### `rand`
+
+The `rand` instance method behaves similarly to `Kernel#rand`, but operates on the specific `Random` instance.
+
+- Called with no arguments, it returns a pseudo-random floating-point number between 0.0 (inclusive) and 1.0 (exclusive).
+
+  ```ruby
+  rng = Random.new
+  p rng.rand # => 0.123456789
+  ```
+
+- Called with an integer `max` argument, it returns a pseudo-random integer between 0 (inclusive) and `max` (exclusive).
+
+  ```ruby
+  rng = Random.new
+  p rng.rand(50) # => 23
+  ```
+
+- Called with a `Range` argument (`min..max` or `min...max`), it returns a pseudo-random integer within that range (inclusive of `min`, and inclusive or exclusive of `max` depending on the range type).
+
+  ```ruby
+  rng = Random.new
+  p rng.rand(10..20) # => 15 (between 10 and 20, inclusive)
+  p rng.rand(10...20) # => 12 (between 10 and 19, inclusive)
+  ```
+
+#### `srand`
+
+The `srand` instance method is used to seed the specific `Random` instance. It allows you to re-initialize the random number generator for that instance with a specific seed, making its sequence of generated numbers predictable.
+
+```ruby
+rng = Random.new(111)
+p rng.rand(1000) # => 100
+p rng.rand(1000) # => 283
+
+rng.srand(111) # Re-seed the same instance
+p rng.rand(1000) # => 100 (sequence repeats for this instance)
+
+rng2 = Random.new(111) # A different instance with the same seed
+p rng2.rand(1000) # => 100
+```
+
+It is important to note that `Random#srand` is an alias for `Random#initialize`. Re-seeding an existing `Random` object will reset its internal state.
+
+#### `bytes(n)`
+
+The `bytes` method returns a string containing `n` pseudo-random bytes.
+
+```ruby
+rng = Random.new
+p rng.bytes(5) # => "\xAB\xCD\xEF\x12\x34" (example output)
+```
+
+### Class Methods (Using the Default Generator)
+
+The `Random` class also provides class methods that operate on a global, default random number generator. This is the same generator used by `Kernel#rand` and `Kernel#srand`.
+
+#### `Random.rand`
+
+This method is equivalent to `Kernel.rand` (or simply `rand`).
+
+- With no arguments, returns a float between 0.0 and 1.0 (exclusive of 1.0):
+
+  ```ruby
+  p Random.rand # => 0.7654321
+  ```
+
+- With an integer `max` argument, returns an integer between 0 and `max` (exclusive of `max`):
+
+  ```ruby
+  p Random.rand(10) # => 7
+  ```
+
+- With a `Range` argument, returns an integer within the range:
+
+  ```ruby
+  p Random.rand(50..60) # => 53
+  ```
+
+#### `Random.srand(seed)`
+
+This method is equivalent to `Kernel.srand(seed)` (or simply `srand(seed)`). It seeds the global default random number generator.
+
+```ruby
+Random.srand(123)
+p Random.rand(100) # => 13
+p rand(100)        # => 80 (uses the same seeded generator)
+
+Random.srand(123)
+p Random.rand(100) # => 13 (sequence repeats)
+```
+
+#### `Random.bytes(n)`
+
+This method returns a string containing `n` pseudo-random bytes, generated by the global default random number generator.
+
+```ruby
+p Random.bytes(3) # => "\xDE\xAD\xBE" (example output)
+```
+
+## Array Methods
+
+`mruby-random` extends the `Array` class with methods for shuffling elements and sampling random elements. These methods can optionally accept a `Random` instance to use a specific random number generator.
+
+### `shuffle`
+
+The `shuffle` method returns a _new_ array with the elements of the original array in a random order.
+
+```ruby
+a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+p a.shuffle # => [3, 1, 5, 2, 4] (example output)
+p a         # => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] (original array is unchanged)
+```
+
+You can provide a specific `Random` instance using the `random:` keyword argument. This is useful for reproducible shuffling.
+
+```ruby
+rng = Random.new(123)
+a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+p a.shuffle(random: rng) # => [1, 5, 3, 2, 4] (example output, will be consistent with seed 123)
+
+rng2 = Random.new(123) # Same seed
+p a.shuffle(random: rng2) # => [1, 5, 3, 2, 4] (same shuffled order)
+```
+
+### `shuffle!`
+
+The `shuffle!` method shuffles the elements of the array in-place. It modifies the original array.
+
+```ruby
+a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+p a.shuffle! # => [4, 2, 1, 5, 3] (example output)
+p a          # => [4, 2, 1, 5, 3] (original array is modified)
+```
+
+Similarly to `shuffle`, you can provide a specific `Random` instance using the `random:` keyword argument.
+
+```ruby
+rng = Random.new(456)
+a = [:a, :b, :c, :d, :e]
+p a.shuffle!(random: rng) # => [:c, :a, :e, :d, :b] (example output, consistent with seed 456)
+p a                       # => [:c, :a, :e, :d, :b] (original array is modified)
+```
+
+### `sample`
+
+The `sample` method chooses one or more random elements from the array.
+
+- When called with no arguments, it returns a single random element from the array. If the array is empty, it returns `nil`.
+
+  ```ruby
+  a = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date"]
+  p a.sample # => "cherry" (example output)
+
+  empty_array = []
+  p empty_array.sample # => nil
+  ```
+
+- When called with an integer `n` as an argument, it returns a new array containing `n` unique random elements from the original array. If the array does not have enough unique elements, it returns all elements in a shuffled order. If the array is empty, it returns an empty array.
+
+  ```ruby
+  a = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date", "elderberry"]
+  p a.sample(3) # => ["date", "apple", "banana"] (example output)
+  p a.sample(10) # => ["banana", "elderberry", "apple", "date", "cherry"] (all elements, shuffled)
+
+
+  empty_array = []
+  p empty_array.sample(3) # => []
+  ```
+
+- You can provide a specific `Random` instance using the `random:` keyword argument for both forms of `sample`.
+
+  ```ruby
+  rng = Random.new(789)
+  a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
+  p a.sample(random: rng)    # => 30 (example output, consistent with seed 789)
+
+  rng_b = Random.new(789) # Re-initialize with the same seed for predictable multi-sampling
+  p a.sample(2, random: rng_b) # => [30, 50] (example output)
+  ```
+
+## Algorithm
+
+The `mruby-random` mrbgem primarily utilizes the **xoshiro128++ 1.0** algorithm for pseudo-random number generation.
+
+In certain 32-bit configurations (specifically when `MRB_INT32` is defined and `MRB_64BIT` is not), a different algorithm, **XORSHIFT96**, might be employed.
+
+## License
+
+The `mruby-random` mrbgem is released under the MIT License. See the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details.