diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index a62a126ea..d60ec5ea7 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1,35 +1,56 @@
 # mruby is using Rake (https://ruby.github.io/rake/) as a build tool.
 
 RAKE = rake
+DOCKER_COMPOSE = docker-compose
+PRE_COMMIT = pre-commit
 
-all :
+define check_command
+	@command -v $(1) >/dev/null 2>&1 || { \
+		echo "Error: $(1) is not installed or not in PATH."; \
+		exit 1; \
+	}
+endef
+
+all : check_rake
 	$(RAKE)
 .PHONY : all
 
-test : all
+test : check_rake all
 	$(RAKE) test
 .PHONY : test
 
-clean :
+clean : check_rake
 	$(RAKE) clean
 .PHONY : clean
 
-check :
-	pre-commit run --all-files
+check : check_pre_commit
+	$(PRE_COMMIT) run --all-files
 .PHONY : check
 
-checkinstall :
-	pre-commit install
+checkinstall : check_pre_commit
+	$(PRE_COMMIT) install
 .PHONY : checkinstall
 
-checkupdate :
-	pre-commit autoupdate
+checkupdate : check_pre_commit
+	$(PRE_COMMIT) autoupdate
 .PHONY : checkupdate
 
-composecheck :
-	docker-compose -p mruby run test pre-commit run --all-files
+composecheck : check_docker_compose check_pre_commit
+	$(DOCKER_COMPOSE) -p mruby run test $(PRE_COMMIT) run --all-files
 .PHONY : composecheck
 
-composetest :
-	docker-compose -p mruby run test
+composetest : check_docker_compose
+	$(DOCKER_COMPOSE) -p mruby run test
 .PHONY : composetest
+
+check_rake:
+	$(call check_command, $(RAKE))
+.PHONY : check_rake
+
+check_docker_compose:
+	$(call check_command, $(DOCKER_COMPOSE))
+.PHONY : check_docker_compose
+
+check_pre_commit:
+	$(call check_command, $(PRE_COMMIT))
+.PHONY : check_pre_commit