This is a release candidate for issue 1831. (#1832)

Patch for GCC 8.

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)
 project(
     simdjson
     # The version number is modified by tools/release.py
-    VERSION 2.0.0
+    VERSION 2.0.2
     DESCRIPTION "Parsing gigabytes of JSON per second"
     HOMEPAGE_URL "https://simdjson.org/"
     LANGUAGES CXX C

Doxyfile

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ PROJECT_NAME           = simdjson
 # could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
 # control system is used.
 
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = "2.0.0"
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = "2.0.2"
 
 # Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
 # for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a

benchmark/benchmarker.h

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #define __BENCHMARKER_H
 
 #include "event_counter.h"
-#include "simdjson.h" // For SIMDJSON_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS
+#include "simdjson.h"
 
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cctype>

include/simdjson/common_defs.h

@@ -122,6 +122,9 @@ constexpr size_t DEFAULT_MAX_DEPTH = 1024;
 
   #define SIMDJSON_PUSH_DISABLE_WARNINGS _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")
   // gcc doesn't seem to disable all warnings with all and extra, add warnings here as necessary
+  // We do it separately for clang since it has different warnings.
+  #ifdef __clang__
+  // clang is missing -Wmaybe-uninitialized.
   #define SIMDJSON_PUSH_DISABLE_ALL_WARNINGS SIMDJSON_PUSH_DISABLE_WARNINGS \
     SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Weffc++) \
     SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wall) \
@@ -134,6 +137,22 @@ constexpr size_t DEFAULT_MAX_DEPTH = 1024;
     SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wshadow) \
     SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wunused-parameter) \
     SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wunused-variable)
+  #else // __clang__
+  #define SIMDJSON_PUSH_DISABLE_ALL_WARNINGS SIMDJSON_PUSH_DISABLE_WARNINGS \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Weffc++) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wall) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wconversion) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wextra) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wattributes) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wimplicit-fallthrough) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wnon-virtual-dtor) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wreturn-type) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wshadow) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wunused-parameter) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wunused-variable) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wmaybe-uninitialized)
+  #endif // __clang__
+
   #define SIMDJSON_PRAGMA(P) _Pragma(#P)
   #define SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(WARNING) SIMDJSON_PRAGMA(GCC diagnostic ignored #WARNING)
   #if defined(SIMDJSON_CLANG_VISUAL_STUDIO)

include/simdjson/icelake/simd.h

@@ -3,6 +3,32 @@
 
 #include "simdjson/internal/simdprune_tables.h"
 
+
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
+#if __GNUC__ == 8
+#define SIMDJSON_GCC8 1
+#endif //  __GNUC__ == 8
+#endif // defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
+
+#if SIMDJSON_GCC8
+/**
+ * GCC 8 fails to provide _mm512_set_epi8. We roll our own.
+ */
+inline __m512i _mm512_set_epi8(uint8_t a0, uint8_t a1, uint8_t a2, uint8_t a3, uint8_t a4, uint8_t a5, uint8_t a6, uint8_t a7, uint8_t a8, uint8_t a9, uint8_t a10, uint8_t a11, uint8_t a12, uint8_t a13, uint8_t a14, uint8_t a15, uint8_t a16, uint8_t a17, uint8_t a18, uint8_t a19, uint8_t a20, uint8_t a21, uint8_t a22, uint8_t a23, uint8_t a24, uint8_t a25, uint8_t a26, uint8_t a27, uint8_t a28, uint8_t a29, uint8_t a30, uint8_t a31, uint8_t a32, uint8_t a33, uint8_t a34, uint8_t a35, uint8_t a36, uint8_t a37, uint8_t a38, uint8_t a39, uint8_t a40, uint8_t a41, uint8_t a42, uint8_t a43, uint8_t a44, uint8_t a45, uint8_t a46, uint8_t a47, uint8_t a48, uint8_t a49, uint8_t a50, uint8_t a51, uint8_t a52, uint8_t a53, uint8_t a54, uint8_t a55, uint8_t a56, uint8_t a57, uint8_t a58, uint8_t a59, uint8_t a60, uint8_t a61, uint8_t a62, uint8_t a63) {
+  return _mm512_set_epi64(uint64_t(a7) + (uint64_t(a6) << 8) + (uint64_t(a5) << 16) + (uint64_t(a4) << 24) + (uint64_t(a3) << 32) + (uint64_t(a2) << 40) + (uint64_t(a1) << 48) + (uint64_t(a0) << 56),
+                          uint64_t(a15) + (uint64_t(a14) << 8) + (uint64_t(a13) << 16) + (uint64_t(a12) << 24) + (uint64_t(a11) << 32) + (uint64_t(a10) << 40) + (uint64_t(a9) << 48) + (uint64_t(a8) << 56),
+                          uint64_t(a23) + (uint64_t(a22) << 8) + (uint64_t(a21) << 16) + (uint64_t(a20) << 24) + (uint64_t(a19) << 32) + (uint64_t(a18) << 40) + (uint64_t(a17) << 48) + (uint64_t(a16) << 56),
+                          uint64_t(a31) + (uint64_t(a30) << 8) + (uint64_t(a29) << 16) + (uint64_t(a28) << 24) + (uint64_t(a27) << 32) + (uint64_t(a26) << 40) + (uint64_t(a25) << 48) + (uint64_t(a24) << 56),
+                          uint64_t(a39) + (uint64_t(a38) << 8) + (uint64_t(a37) << 16) + (uint64_t(a36) << 24) + (uint64_t(a35) << 32) + (uint64_t(a34) << 40) + (uint64_t(a33) << 48) + (uint64_t(a32) << 56),
+                          uint64_t(a47) + (uint64_t(a46) << 8) + (uint64_t(a45) << 16) + (uint64_t(a44) << 24) + (uint64_t(a43) << 32) + (uint64_t(a42) << 40) + (uint64_t(a41) << 48) + (uint64_t(a40) << 56),
+                          uint64_t(a55) + (uint64_t(a54) << 8) + (uint64_t(a53) << 16) + (uint64_t(a52) << 24) + (uint64_t(a51) << 32) + (uint64_t(a50) << 40) + (uint64_t(a49) << 48) + (uint64_t(a48) << 56),
+                          uint64_t(a63) + (uint64_t(a62) << 8) + (uint64_t(a61) << 16) + (uint64_t(a60) << 24) + (uint64_t(a59) << 32) + (uint64_t(a58) << 40) + (uint64_t(a57) << 48) + (uint64_t(a56) << 56));
+}
+#endif // SIMDJSON_GCC8
+
+
+
 namespace simdjson {
 namespace SIMDJSON_IMPLEMENTATION {
 namespace {
@@ -51,7 +77,13 @@ namespace simd {
 
     template<int N=1>
     simdjson_really_inline simd8<T> prev(const simd8<T> prev_chunk) const {
+#if SIMDJSON_GCC8
+     // workaround for compilers unable to figure out that 16 - N is a constant (GCC 8)
+      constexpr int shift = 16 - N;
+      return _mm512_alignr_epi8(*this, _mm512_permutex2var_epi64(prev_chunk, _mm512_set_epi64(13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6), *this), shift);
+#else
       return _mm512_alignr_epi8(*this, _mm512_permutex2var_epi64(prev_chunk, _mm512_set_epi64(13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6), *this), 16 - N);
+#endif
     }
   };
 

include/simdjson/implementations.h

@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
+// By default, we allow AVX512.
+#ifndef SIMDJSON_AVX512_ALLOWED
+#define SIMDJSON_AVX512_ALLOWED 1
+#endif
+
 // Default Icelake to on if this is x86-64. Even if we're not compiled for it, it could be selected
 // at runtime.
 #ifndef SIMDJSON_IMPLEMENTATION_ICELAKE

include/simdjson/simdjson_version.h

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #define SIMDJSON_SIMDJSON_VERSION_H
 
 /** The version of simdjson being used (major.minor.revision) */
-#define SIMDJSON_VERSION 2.0.0
+#define SIMDJSON_VERSION 2.0.2
 
 namespace simdjson {
 enum {
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ enum {
   /**
    * The revision (major.minor.REVISION) of simdjson being used.
    */
-  SIMDJSON_VERSION_REVISION = 0
+  SIMDJSON_VERSION_REVISION = 2
 };
 } // namespace simdjson
 

singleheader/amalgamate.py

@@ -81,8 +81,10 @@ def dofile(fid, prepath, filename):
     # print(f"// dofile: invoked with prepath={prepath}, filename={filename}",file=fid)
     file = os.path.join(prepath, filename)
     RELFILE = os.path.relpath(file, PROJECTPATH)
+    # Windows use \ as a directory separator, but we do not want that:
+    OSRELFILE = RELFILE.replace('\\','/')
     # Last lines are always ignored. Files should end by an empty lines.
-    print(f"/* begin file {RELFILE} */", file=fid)
+    print(f"/* begin file {OSRELFILE} */", file=fid)
     includepattern = re.compile('^#include "(.*)"')
     redefines_simdjson_implementation = re.compile('^#define\s+SIMDJSON_IMPLEMENTATION\s+(.*)')
     undefines_simdjson_implementation = re.compile('^#undef\s+SIMDJSON_IMPLEMENTATION\s*$')
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@ def dofile(fid, prepath, filename):
                 else:
                     # copy the line, with SIMDJSON_IMPLEMENTATION replace to what it is currently defined to
                     print(uses_simdjson_implementation.sub(current_implementation+"\\1",line), file=fid)
-    print(f"/* end file {RELFILE} */", file=fid)
+    print(f"/* end file {OSRELFILE} */", file=fid)
 
 
 # Get the generation date from git, so the output is reproducible.

singleheader/simdjson.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* auto-generated on 2022-05-25 11:24:40 -0400. Do not edit! */
+/* auto-generated on 2022-06-01 16:39:41 -0400. Do not edit! */
 /* begin file src/simdjson.cpp */
 #include "simdjson.h"
 
@@ -7589,6 +7589,9 @@ simdjson_really_inline error_code json_structural_indexer::finish(dom_parser_imp
  * naked intrinsics.
  * TODO: make this code more elegant.
  */
+// Under GCC 12, the intrinsic _mm512_extracti32x4_epi32 may generate 'maybe uninitialized'.
+// as a workaround, we disable warnings within the following function.
+SIMDJSON_PUSH_DISABLE_ALL_WARNINGS
 namespace simdjson { namespace icelake { namespace { namespace stage1 {
 simdjson_really_inline void bit_indexer::write(uint32_t idx, uint64_t bits) {
     // In some instances, the next branch is expensive because it is mispredicted.
@@ -7623,6 +7626,7 @@ simdjson_really_inline void bit_indexer::write(uint32_t idx, uint64_t bits) {
     this->tail += count;
 }
 }}}}
+SIMDJSON_POP_DISABLE_WARNINGS
 
 /* begin file src/generic/stage1/utf8_validator.h */
 namespace simdjson {

singleheader/simdjson.h

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* auto-generated on 2022-05-25 11:24:40 -0400. Do not edit! */
+/* auto-generated on 2022-06-01 16:39:41 -0400. Do not edit! */
 /* begin file include/simdjson.h */
 #ifndef SIMDJSON_H
 #define SIMDJSON_H
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 #define SIMDJSON_SIMDJSON_VERSION_H
 
 /** The version of simdjson being used (major.minor.revision) */
-#define SIMDJSON_VERSION 2.0.0
+#define SIMDJSON_VERSION 2.0.2
 
 namespace simdjson {
 enum {
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ enum {
   /**
    * The revision (major.minor.REVISION) of simdjson being used.
    */
-  SIMDJSON_VERSION_REVISION = 0
+  SIMDJSON_VERSION_REVISION = 2
 };
 } // namespace simdjson
 
@@ -414,6 +414,9 @@ constexpr size_t DEFAULT_MAX_DEPTH = 1024;
 
   #define SIMDJSON_PUSH_DISABLE_WARNINGS _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")
   // gcc doesn't seem to disable all warnings with all and extra, add warnings here as necessary
+  // We do it separately for clang since it has different warnings.
+  #ifdef __clang__
+  // clang is missing -Wmaybe-uninitialized.
   #define SIMDJSON_PUSH_DISABLE_ALL_WARNINGS SIMDJSON_PUSH_DISABLE_WARNINGS \
     SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Weffc++) \
     SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wall) \
@@ -426,6 +429,22 @@ constexpr size_t DEFAULT_MAX_DEPTH = 1024;
     SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wshadow) \
     SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wunused-parameter) \
     SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wunused-variable)
+  #else // __clang__
+  #define SIMDJSON_PUSH_DISABLE_ALL_WARNINGS SIMDJSON_PUSH_DISABLE_WARNINGS \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Weffc++) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wall) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wconversion) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wextra) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wattributes) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wimplicit-fallthrough) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wnon-virtual-dtor) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wreturn-type) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wshadow) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wunused-parameter) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wunused-variable) \
+    SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(-Wmaybe-uninitialized)
+  #endif // __clang__
+
   #define SIMDJSON_PRAGMA(P) _Pragma(#P)
   #define SIMDJSON_DISABLE_GCC_WARNING(WARNING) SIMDJSON_PRAGMA(GCC diagnostic ignored #WARNING)
   #if defined(SIMDJSON_CLANG_VISUAL_STUDIO)
@@ -9482,6 +9501,11 @@ extern SIMDJSON_DLLIMPORTEXPORT const uint64_t thintable_epi8[256];
 #endif
 #endif
 
+// By default, we allow AVX512.
+#ifndef SIMDJSON_AVX512_ALLOWED
+#define SIMDJSON_AVX512_ALLOWED 1
+#endif
+
 // Default Icelake to on if this is x86-64. Even if we're not compiled for it, it could be selected
 // at runtime.
 #ifndef SIMDJSON_IMPLEMENTATION_ICELAKE
@@ -14146,6 +14170,32 @@ simdjson_really_inline uint64_t prefix_xor(const uint64_t bitmask) {
 #define SIMDJSON_ICELAKE_SIMD_H
 
 
+
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
+#if __GNUC__ == 8
+#define SIMDJSON_GCC8 1
+#endif //  __GNUC__ == 8
+#endif // defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
+
+#if SIMDJSON_GCC8
+/**
+ * GCC 8 fails to provide _mm512_set_epi8. We roll our own.
+ */
+inline __m512i _mm512_set_epi8(uint8_t a0, uint8_t a1, uint8_t a2, uint8_t a3, uint8_t a4, uint8_t a5, uint8_t a6, uint8_t a7, uint8_t a8, uint8_t a9, uint8_t a10, uint8_t a11, uint8_t a12, uint8_t a13, uint8_t a14, uint8_t a15, uint8_t a16, uint8_t a17, uint8_t a18, uint8_t a19, uint8_t a20, uint8_t a21, uint8_t a22, uint8_t a23, uint8_t a24, uint8_t a25, uint8_t a26, uint8_t a27, uint8_t a28, uint8_t a29, uint8_t a30, uint8_t a31, uint8_t a32, uint8_t a33, uint8_t a34, uint8_t a35, uint8_t a36, uint8_t a37, uint8_t a38, uint8_t a39, uint8_t a40, uint8_t a41, uint8_t a42, uint8_t a43, uint8_t a44, uint8_t a45, uint8_t a46, uint8_t a47, uint8_t a48, uint8_t a49, uint8_t a50, uint8_t a51, uint8_t a52, uint8_t a53, uint8_t a54, uint8_t a55, uint8_t a56, uint8_t a57, uint8_t a58, uint8_t a59, uint8_t a60, uint8_t a61, uint8_t a62, uint8_t a63) {
+  return _mm512_set_epi64(uint64_t(a7) + (uint64_t(a6) << 8) + (uint64_t(a5) << 16) + (uint64_t(a4) << 24) + (uint64_t(a3) << 32) + (uint64_t(a2) << 40) + (uint64_t(a1) << 48) + (uint64_t(a0) << 56),
+                          uint64_t(a15) + (uint64_t(a14) << 8) + (uint64_t(a13) << 16) + (uint64_t(a12) << 24) + (uint64_t(a11) << 32) + (uint64_t(a10) << 40) + (uint64_t(a9) << 48) + (uint64_t(a8) << 56),
+                          uint64_t(a23) + (uint64_t(a22) << 8) + (uint64_t(a21) << 16) + (uint64_t(a20) << 24) + (uint64_t(a19) << 32) + (uint64_t(a18) << 40) + (uint64_t(a17) << 48) + (uint64_t(a16) << 56),
+                          uint64_t(a31) + (uint64_t(a30) << 8) + (uint64_t(a29) << 16) + (uint64_t(a28) << 24) + (uint64_t(a27) << 32) + (uint64_t(a26) << 40) + (uint64_t(a25) << 48) + (uint64_t(a24) << 56),
+                          uint64_t(a39) + (uint64_t(a38) << 8) + (uint64_t(a37) << 16) + (uint64_t(a36) << 24) + (uint64_t(a35) << 32) + (uint64_t(a34) << 40) + (uint64_t(a33) << 48) + (uint64_t(a32) << 56),
+                          uint64_t(a47) + (uint64_t(a46) << 8) + (uint64_t(a45) << 16) + (uint64_t(a44) << 24) + (uint64_t(a43) << 32) + (uint64_t(a42) << 40) + (uint64_t(a41) << 48) + (uint64_t(a40) << 56),
+                          uint64_t(a55) + (uint64_t(a54) << 8) + (uint64_t(a53) << 16) + (uint64_t(a52) << 24) + (uint64_t(a51) << 32) + (uint64_t(a50) << 40) + (uint64_t(a49) << 48) + (uint64_t(a48) << 56),
+                          uint64_t(a63) + (uint64_t(a62) << 8) + (uint64_t(a61) << 16) + (uint64_t(a60) << 24) + (uint64_t(a59) << 32) + (uint64_t(a58) << 40) + (uint64_t(a57) << 48) + (uint64_t(a56) << 56));
+}
+#endif // SIMDJSON_GCC8
+
+
+
 namespace simdjson {
 namespace icelake {
 namespace {
@@ -14194,7 +14244,13 @@ namespace simd {
 
     template<int N=1>
     simdjson_really_inline simd8<T> prev(const simd8<T> prev_chunk) const {
+#if SIMDJSON_GCC8
+     // workaround for compilers unable to figure out that 16 - N is a constant (GCC 8)
+      constexpr int shift = 16 - N;
+      return _mm512_alignr_epi8(*this, _mm512_permutex2var_epi64(prev_chunk, _mm512_set_epi64(13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6), *this), shift);
+#else
       return _mm512_alignr_epi8(*this, _mm512_permutex2var_epi64(prev_chunk, _mm512_set_epi64(13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6), *this), 16 - N);
+#endif
     }
   };
 

src/icelake/dom_parser_implementation.cpp

@@ -114,6 +114,9 @@ simdjson_really_inline simd8<bool> must_be_2_3_continuation(const simd8<uint8_t>
  * naked intrinsics.
  * TODO: make this code more elegant.
  */
+// Under GCC 12, the intrinsic _mm512_extracti32x4_epi32 may generate 'maybe uninitialized'.
+// as a workaround, we disable warnings within the following function.
+SIMDJSON_PUSH_DISABLE_ALL_WARNINGS
 namespace simdjson { namespace SIMDJSON_IMPLEMENTATION { namespace { namespace stage1 {
 simdjson_really_inline void bit_indexer::write(uint32_t idx, uint64_t bits) {
     // In some instances, the next branch is expensive because it is mispredicted.
@@ -148,6 +151,7 @@ simdjson_really_inline void bit_indexer::write(uint32_t idx, uint64_t bits) {
     this->tail += count;
 }
 }}}}
+SIMDJSON_POP_DISABLE_WARNINGS
 
 #include "generic/stage1/utf8_validator.h"
 

tools/minify.cpp

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include <chrono>
 #include <iostream>
 #if (!(_MSC_VER) && !(__MINGW32__) && !(__MINGW64__))
 #include <dirent.h>
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
   }
   options.add_options()
     ("a,arch", ss.str(), cxxopts::value<std::string>())
+    ("t,timing", "Report only timing.")
     ("f,file", "File name.", cxxopts::value<std::string>())
     ("h,help", "Print usage.")
   ;
@@ -79,7 +81,34 @@ int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
   size_t copy_len;
   error = simdjson::get_active_implementation()->minify((const uint8_t*)p.data(), p.length(), (uint8_t*)copy.data(), copy_len);
   if (error) { std::cerr << error << std::endl; return EXIT_FAILURE; }
-  printf("%s", copy.data());
+  /**
+   * If a user only wants to time the required time, we do not output
+   * the result and we simply do the processing in a tight loop.
+   * At this point in time, we can assume that the processing will
+   * succeed.
+   */
+  if(result.count("timing")) {
+      uint64_t beforens = std::chrono::duration_cast<::std::chrono::nanoseconds>(
+             std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch())
+             .count();
+      error = simdjson::get_active_implementation()->minify((const uint8_t*)p.data(), p.length(), (uint8_t*)copy.data(), copy_len);
+      uint64_t afterns = std::chrono::duration_cast<::std::chrono::nanoseconds>(
+             std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch())
+             .count();
+      size_t times = 1;
+      while(afterns - beforens < 1000000000) {
+          error = simdjson::get_active_implementation()->minify((const uint8_t*)p.data(), p.length(), (uint8_t*)copy.data(), copy_len);
+          afterns = std::chrono::duration_cast<::std::chrono::nanoseconds>(
+             std::chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch())
+             .count();
+          times += 1;
+      }
+      if (error) { std::cerr << error << std::endl; return EXIT_FAILURE; }
+      printf("%.3f GB/s\n", double(p.length() * times) / double(afterns - beforens));
+  } else {
+      // This is the expected path:
+      printf("%s", copy.data());
+  }
   return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 #ifdef __cpp_exceptions
   } catch (const cxxopts::OptionException& e) {