diff --git a/detections/endpoint/create_local_admin_accounts_using_net_exe.yml b/detections/endpoint/create_local_admin_accounts_using_net_exe.yml index ba8cbe5360..ef030a83c0 100644 --- a/detections/endpoint/create_local_admin_accounts_using_net_exe.yml +++ b/detections/endpoint/create_local_admin_accounts_using_net_exe.yml @@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ tags: - Azorult - CISA AA22-257A - DarkGate Malware + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Endpoint confidence: 60 impact: 50 diff --git a/detections/endpoint/detect_new_local_admin_account.yml b/detections/endpoint/detect_new_local_admin_account.yml index 3713d9963f..d347d12505 100644 --- a/detections/endpoint/detect_new_local_admin_account.yml +++ b/detections/endpoint/detect_new_local_admin_account.yml @@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ tags: - DHS Report TA18-074A - HAFNIUM Group - CISA AA22-257A + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Windows confidence: 70 impact: 60 diff --git a/detections/endpoint/detect_remote_access_software_usage_file.yml b/detections/endpoint/detect_remote_access_software_usage_file.yml index aaf1b8c515..58187a2203 100644 --- a/detections/endpoint/detect_remote_access_software_usage_file.yml +++ b/detections/endpoint/detect_remote_access_software_usage_file.yml @@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ tags: - Command And Control - Ransomware - Gozi Malware + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Endpoint confidence: 50 impact: 50 diff --git a/detections/endpoint/detect_remote_access_software_usage_process.yml b/detections/endpoint/detect_remote_access_software_usage_process.yml index 0ce8bcbe32..4c96567bb5 100644 --- a/detections/endpoint/detect_remote_access_software_usage_process.yml +++ b/detections/endpoint/detect_remote_access_software_usage_process.yml @@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ tags: - Command And Control - Ransomware - Gozi Malware + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Endpoint confidence: 50 impact: 50 diff --git a/detections/endpoint/disable_defender_antivirus_registry.yml b/detections/endpoint/disable_defender_antivirus_registry.yml index 9ed2c7f702..a0b2e38264 100644 --- a/detections/endpoint/disable_defender_antivirus_registry.yml +++ b/detections/endpoint/disable_defender_antivirus_registry.yml @@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ tags: analytic_story: - IcedID - Windows Registry Abuse + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Endpoint confidence: 70 impact: 70 diff --git a/detections/endpoint/powershell_4104_hunting.yml b/detections/endpoint/powershell_4104_hunting.yml index e02d365720..7ac3ab7592 100644 --- a/detections/endpoint/powershell_4104_hunting.yml +++ b/detections/endpoint/powershell_4104_hunting.yml @@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ tags: - Flax Typhoon - CISA AA23-347A - Data Destruction + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Endpoint confidence: 100 impact: 80 diff --git a/detections/endpoint/powershell_disable_security_monitoring.yml b/detections/endpoint/powershell_disable_security_monitoring.yml index 1cf9ea9210..2a3f2c4fec 100644 --- a/detections/endpoint/powershell_disable_security_monitoring.yml +++ b/detections/endpoint/powershell_disable_security_monitoring.yml @@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ tags: analytic_story: - Ransomware - Revil Ransomware + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Endpoint confidence: 50 impact: 50 diff --git a/detections/endpoint/scheduled_task_deleted_or_created_via_cmd.yml b/detections/endpoint/scheduled_task_deleted_or_created_via_cmd.yml index d54251bb8d..1cfac44126 100644 --- a/detections/endpoint/scheduled_task_deleted_or_created_via_cmd.yml +++ b/detections/endpoint/scheduled_task_deleted_or_created_via_cmd.yml @@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ tags: - Phemedrone Stealer - ShrinkLocker - MoonPeak + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Endpoint confidence: 80 impact: 70 diff --git a/detections/endpoint/suspicious_scheduled_task_from_public_directory.yml b/detections/endpoint/suspicious_scheduled_task_from_public_directory.yml index 46b3ca408b..7d0fe2ce97 100644 --- a/detections/endpoint/suspicious_scheduled_task_from_public_directory.yml +++ b/detections/endpoint/suspicious_scheduled_task_from_public_directory.yml @@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ tags: - DarkCrystal RAT - CISA AA23-347A - MoonPeak + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Endpoint confidence: 50 impact: 70 diff --git a/detections/endpoint/windows_abused_web_services.yml b/detections/endpoint/windows_abused_web_services.yml index 1095d267ba..e4c75832e0 100644 --- a/detections/endpoint/windows_abused_web_services.yml +++ b/detections/endpoint/windows_abused_web_services.yml @@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ references: tags: analytic_story: - NjRAT + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Endpoint confidence: 60 impact: 60 diff --git a/detections/endpoint/windows_create_local_account.yml b/detections/endpoint/windows_create_local_account.yml index c50b25d2b5..9e51cef468 100644 --- a/detections/endpoint/windows_create_local_account.yml +++ b/detections/endpoint/windows_create_local_account.yml @@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ references: tags: analytic_story: - Active Directory Password Spraying + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Endpoint confidence: 90 impact: 20 diff --git a/detections/endpoint/windows_dism_install_powershell_web_access.yml b/detections/endpoint/windows_dism_install_powershell_web_access.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a8d8e8c986 --- /dev/null +++ b/detections/endpoint/windows_dism_install_powershell_web_access.yml @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +name: Windows DISM Install PowerShell Web Access +id: fa6142a7-c364-4d11-9954-895dd9efb2d4 +version: 1 +date: '2024-09-03' +author: Michael Haag, Splunk +data_sources: +- Windows Event Log Security 4688 +- Sysmon EventID 1 +type: TTP +status: production +description: The following analytic detects the installation of PowerShell Web Access using the Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM) tool. It leverages Sysmon Event ID 1 to identify the execution of `dism.exe` with specific parameters related to enabling the WindowsPowerShellWebAccess feature. This activity is significant because enabling PowerShell Web Access can facilitate remote execution of PowerShell commands, potentially allowing an attacker to gain unauthorized access to systems and networks. If confirmed malicious, this action could lead to further exploitation and compromise of the affected system. +search: ' | tstats `security_content_summariesonly` count min(_time) as firstTime max(_time) as lastTime + from datamodel=Endpoint.Processes + where Processes.process_name=dism.exe + (Processes.process="*WindowsPowerShellWebAccess*" AND Processes.process="*/online*" AND Processes.process="*/enable-feature*") + by Processes.dest Processes.user Processes.parent_process_name Processes.process_name + Processes.original_file_name Processes.process Processes.process_id Processes.parent_process_id + | `drop_dm_object_name(Processes)` + | `security_content_ctime(firstTime)` + | `security_content_ctime(lastTime)` + | `windows_dism_install_powershell_web_access_filter`' +how_to_implement: The detection is based on data that originates from Endpoint Detection + and Response (EDR) agents. These agents are designed to provide security-related + telemetry from the endpoints where the agent is installed. To implement this search, + you must ingest logs that contain the process GUID, process name, and parent process. + Additionally, you must ingest complete command-line executions. These logs must + be processed using the appropriate Splunk Technology Add-ons that are specific to + the EDR product. The logs must also be mapped to the `Processes` node of the `Endpoint` + data model. Use the Splunk Common Information Model (CIM) to normalize the field + names and speed up the data modeling process. +known_false_positives: Administrators using the DISM tool to update and install Windows features may cause false positives that can be filtered with `windows_dism_install_powershell_web_access_filter`. +references: +- https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa24-241a +- https://gist.github.com/MHaggis/7e67b659af9148fa593cf2402edebb41 +tags: + analytic_story: + - CISA AA24-241A + asset_type: Endpoint + confidence: 80 + impact: 90 + message: PowerShell Web Access has been installed on $dest$. + mitre_attack_id: + - T1548.002 + observable: + - name: dest + type: Endpoint + role: + - Victim + product: + - Splunk Enterprise + - Splunk Enterprise Security + - Splunk Cloud + required_fields: + - _time + - dest + - user + - parent_process_name + - process_name + - original_file_name + - process + - process_id + - parent_process_id + risk_score: 72 + security_domain: endpoint + cve: [] +tests: +- name: True Positive Test + attack_data: + - data: https://media.githubusercontent.com/media/splunk/attack_data/master/datasets/attack_techniques/T1548.002/atomic_red_team/dism_pswa_4688_windows-security.log + sourcetype: XmlWinEventLog + source: XmlWinEventLog:Security diff --git a/detections/endpoint/windows_enable_powershell_web_access.yml b/detections/endpoint/windows_enable_powershell_web_access.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4725b38add --- /dev/null +++ b/detections/endpoint/windows_enable_powershell_web_access.yml @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +name: Windows Enable PowerShell Web Access +id: 175bb2de-6227-416b-9678-9b61999cd21f +version: 1 +date: '2024-09-03' +author: Michael Haag, Splunk +data_sources: + - Powershell Script Block Logging 4104 +type: TTP +status: production +description: The following analytic detects the enabling of PowerShell Web Access via PowerShell commands. It leverages PowerShell script block logging (EventCode 4104) to identify the execution of the `Install-WindowsFeature` cmdlet with the `WindowsPowerShellWebAccess` parameter. This activity is significant because enabling PowerShell Web Access can facilitate remote execution of PowerShell commands, potentially allowing an attacker to gain unauthorized access to systems and networks. +search: '`powershell` EventCode=4104 ScriptBlockText IN ("*Install-WindowsFeature*WindowsPowerShellWebAccess*","*Install-PswaWebApplication*","*Add-PswaAuthorizationRule*UserName *ComputerName *") + | rename Computer as dest + | stats count min(_time) as firstTime max(_time) as lastTime by EventCode ScriptBlockText dest UserID + | `security_content_ctime(firstTime)` + | `security_content_ctime(lastTime)` | `windows_enable_powershell_web_access_filter`' +how_to_implement: To successfully implement this analytic, you will need to enable + PowerShell Script Block Logging on some or all endpoints. Additional setup here + https://docs.splunk.com/Documentation/UBA/5.0.4.1/GetDataIn/AddPowerShell#Configure_module_logging_for_PowerShell. +known_false_positives: It is possible that legitimate scripts or network administrators + may enable PowerShell Web Access. Monitor and escalate as needed. +references: +- https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa24-241a +- https://gist.github.com/MHaggis/7e67b659af9148fa593cf2402edebb41 +tags: + analytic_story: + - CISA AA24-241A + - Malicious PowerShell + asset_type: Endpoint + confidence: 80 + impact: 90 + message: PowerShell Web Access has been enabled on $dest$. + mitre_attack_id: + - T1059.001 + observable: + - name: dest + type: Endpoint + role: + - Victim + product: + - Splunk Enterprise + - Splunk Enterprise Security + - Splunk Cloud + required_fields: + - _time + - EventCode + - ScriptBlockText + - dest + - UserID + risk_score: 72 + security_domain: endpoint + cve: [] +tests: +- name: True Positive Test + attack_data: + - data: https://media.githubusercontent.com/media/splunk/attack_data/master/datasets/attack_techniques/T1059.001/powershell_script_block_logging/pswa_powershell.log + sourcetype: XmlWinEventLog + source: XmlWinEventLog:Microsoft-Windows-PowerShell/Operational diff --git a/detections/endpoint/windows_modify_registry_delete_firewall_rules.yml b/detections/endpoint/windows_modify_registry_delete_firewall_rules.yml index 6cd4fdb20c..b8f2bb0b9b 100644 --- a/detections/endpoint/windows_modify_registry_delete_firewall_rules.yml +++ b/detections/endpoint/windows_modify_registry_delete_firewall_rules.yml @@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ references: tags: analytic_story: - ShrinkLocker + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Endpoint confidence: 80 impact: 80 diff --git a/detections/endpoint/windows_modify_registry_to_add_or_modify_firewall_rule.yml b/detections/endpoint/windows_modify_registry_to_add_or_modify_firewall_rule.yml index e55a319353..7aecc13f3f 100644 --- a/detections/endpoint/windows_modify_registry_to_add_or_modify_firewall_rule.yml +++ b/detections/endpoint/windows_modify_registry_to_add_or_modify_firewall_rule.yml @@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ references: tags: analytic_story: - ShrinkLocker + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Endpoint confidence: 50 impact: 50 diff --git a/detections/endpoint/windows_ngrok_reverse_proxy_usage.yml b/detections/endpoint/windows_ngrok_reverse_proxy_usage.yml index 8b541cebe7..8bd35aefa4 100644 --- a/detections/endpoint/windows_ngrok_reverse_proxy_usage.yml +++ b/detections/endpoint/windows_ngrok_reverse_proxy_usage.yml @@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ tags: analytic_story: - Reverse Network Proxy - CISA AA22-320A + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Endpoint confidence: 100 impact: 50 diff --git a/detections/endpoint/winevent_windows_task_scheduler_event_action_started.yml b/detections/endpoint/winevent_windows_task_scheduler_event_action_started.yml index 2b1beb2283..88fa866077 100644 --- a/detections/endpoint/winevent_windows_task_scheduler_event_action_started.yml +++ b/detections/endpoint/winevent_windows_task_scheduler_event_action_started.yml @@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ tags: - Data Destruction - Amadey - Scheduled Tasks + - CISA AA24-241A - BlackSuit Ransomware asset_type: Endpoint confidence: 100 diff --git a/detections/endpoint/wsmprovhost_lolbas_execution_process_spawn.yml b/detections/endpoint/wsmprovhost_lolbas_execution_process_spawn.yml index 2d595d3285..9e44ff5ded 100644 --- a/detections/endpoint/wsmprovhost_lolbas_execution_process_spawn.yml +++ b/detections/endpoint/wsmprovhost_lolbas_execution_process_spawn.yml @@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ references: tags: analytic_story: - Active Directory Lateral Movement + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Endpoint confidence: 60 impact: 90 diff --git a/detections/network/detect_remote_access_software_usage_dns.yml b/detections/network/detect_remote_access_software_usage_dns.yml index a48285b7ee..ca583ad547 100644 --- a/detections/network/detect_remote_access_software_usage_dns.yml +++ b/detections/network/detect_remote_access_software_usage_dns.yml @@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ tags: - Insider Threat - Command And Control - Ransomware + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Endpoint confidence: 20 impact: 20 diff --git a/detections/network/f5_big_ip_icontrol_rest_vulnerability_cve_2022_1388.yml b/detections/network/f5_big_ip_icontrol_rest_vulnerability_cve_2022_1388.yml index 2cb77c3b2f..e7d1485054 100644 --- a/detections/network/f5_big_ip_icontrol_rest_vulnerability_cve_2022_1388.yml +++ b/detections/network/f5_big_ip_icontrol_rest_vulnerability_cve_2022_1388.yml @@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ references: tags: analytic_story: - F5 BIG-IP Vulnerability CVE-2022-1388 + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Web Server confidence: 70 cve: diff --git a/detections/network/ngrok_reverse_proxy_on_network.yml b/detections/network/ngrok_reverse_proxy_on_network.yml index d1b33bc26b..a2e9843020 100644 --- a/detections/network/ngrok_reverse_proxy_on_network.yml +++ b/detections/network/ngrok_reverse_proxy_on_network.yml @@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ tags: analytic_story: - Reverse Network Proxy - CISA AA22-320A + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Endpoint confidence: 100 impact: 50 diff --git a/detections/web/access_to_vulnerable_ivanti_connect_secure_bookmark_endpoint.yml b/detections/web/access_to_vulnerable_ivanti_connect_secure_bookmark_endpoint.yml index 2ee10a8f52..b397568f3d 100644 --- a/detections/web/access_to_vulnerable_ivanti_connect_secure_bookmark_endpoint.yml +++ b/detections/web/access_to_vulnerable_ivanti_connect_secure_bookmark_endpoint.yml @@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ tags: - CVE-2024-21887 analytic_story: - Ivanti Connect Secure VPN Vulnerabilities + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: VPN Appliance atomic_guid: [] confidence: 80 diff --git a/detections/web/citrix_adc_exploitation_cve_2023_3519.yml b/detections/web/citrix_adc_exploitation_cve_2023_3519.yml index a7bdea2439..1083aca874 100644 --- a/detections/web/citrix_adc_exploitation_cve_2023_3519.yml +++ b/detections/web/citrix_adc_exploitation_cve_2023_3519.yml @@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ references: tags: analytic_story: - Citrix Netscaler ADC CVE-2023-3519 + - CISA AA24-241A cve: - CVE-2023-3519 asset_type: Network diff --git a/detections/web/detect_remote_access_software_usage_url.yml b/detections/web/detect_remote_access_software_usage_url.yml index 9e20cc85a2..1b900606b3 100644 --- a/detections/web/detect_remote_access_software_usage_url.yml +++ b/detections/web/detect_remote_access_software_usage_url.yml @@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ tags: - Insider Threat - Command And Control - Ransomware + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: Network confidence: 50 impact: 50 diff --git a/detections/web/ivanti_connect_secure_command_injection_attempts.yml b/detections/web/ivanti_connect_secure_command_injection_attempts.yml index c65d92aa41..f963215ccf 100644 --- a/detections/web/ivanti_connect_secure_command_injection_attempts.yml +++ b/detections/web/ivanti_connect_secure_command_injection_attempts.yml @@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ tags: - CVE-2024-21887 analytic_story: - Ivanti Connect Secure VPN Vulnerabilities + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: VPN Appliance atomic_guid: [] confidence: 90 diff --git a/detections/web/ivanti_connect_secure_system_information_access_via_auth_bypass.yml b/detections/web/ivanti_connect_secure_system_information_access_via_auth_bypass.yml index a3724e46c5..f23dc3adc2 100644 --- a/detections/web/ivanti_connect_secure_system_information_access_via_auth_bypass.yml +++ b/detections/web/ivanti_connect_secure_system_information_access_via_auth_bypass.yml @@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ tags: - CVE-2024-21887 analytic_story: - Ivanti Connect Secure VPN Vulnerabilities + - CISA AA24-241A asset_type: VPN Appliance atomic_guid: [] confidence: 80 diff --git a/stories/cisa_aa24_241a.yml b/stories/cisa_aa24_241a.yml new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..63f341a44f --- /dev/null +++ b/stories/cisa_aa24_241a.yml @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +name: CISA AA24-241A +id: f075adb6-76a6-4476-b24a-ce9d471a1bdc +version: 1 +date: '2024-09-03' +author: Michael Haag, Splunk +description: This story covers the tactics of Iran-based cyber actors exploiting U.S. and foreign organizations across multiple sectors, as detailed in CISA Alert AA24-241A. It focuses on their methods of gaining initial access, establishing persistence, and enabling ransomware attacks through vulnerabilities in public-facing networking devices. +narrative: As of August 2024, Iran-based cyber actors continue to exploit organizations across several U.S. sectors and other countries. The FBI assesses that a significant percentage of these operations aim to obtain network access for collaboration with ransomware affiliates. The actors typically use Shodan to identify vulnerable devices, then exploit public-facing networking equipment such as Citrix Netscaler, F5 BIG-IP, and various VPNs. They deploy webshells, create local accounts, and manipulate existing ones to maintain access. Post-exploitation, they repurpose credentials, disable security software, and use remote access tools. The group collaborates with ransomware affiliates like NoEscape, Ransomhouse, and ALPHV, actively participating in network lockdowns and extortion strategies. Defenders should prioritize patching public-facing devices, monitoring for unauthorized accounts and suspicious PowerShell activity, implementing strong access controls, and regularly reviewing logs for signs of compromise. +references: + - https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa24-241a + - https://gist.github.com/MHaggis/7e67b659af9148fa593cf2402edebb41 +tags: + category: + - Adversary Tactics + product: + - Splunk Enterprise + - Splunk Enterprise Security + - Splunk Cloud + usecase: Advanced Threat Detection + cve: + - CVE-2024-24919 + - CVE-2024-3400 + - CVE-2019-19781 + - CVE-2023-3519 + - CVE-2022-1388 + - CVE-2024-21887 \ No newline at end of file