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Work done in conjunction with SPR-5243 and SPR-4588 introduced physical package cycles in the spring-test module. The work performed in conjunction with SPR-9924 uses reflection to resolve these physical package cycles; however, prior to this commit the logical package cycles still remain. Furthermore, over time it has become apparent that the Spring TestContext Framework (TCF) could better serve application developers and especially third-party framework developers by providing a more flexible mechanism for "bootstrapping" the TCF. For example, prior to this commit, default TestExecutionListeners could only be registered by subclassing TestContextManager (and SpringJUnit4ClassRunner if using JUnit). Similarly, the default ContextLoader could only be set by subclassing SpringJUnit4ClassRunner for JUnit and by copying and modifying AbstractTestNGSpringContextTests for TestNG. This commit addresses the aforementioned issues by introducing a bootstrap strategy in the TestContext framework that is responsible for determining default TestExecutionListeners and the default ContextLoader in an extensible fashion. The new TestContextBootstrapper SPI also provides a mechanism for supporting various types of MergedContextConfiguration depending on the feature set of the context loaders supported by the strategy. The following provides an overview of the most significant changes in this commit. - Introduced TestContextBootstrapper strategy SPI, BootstrapContext, and @BootstrapWith. - Introduced AbstractTestContextBootstrapper, DefaultTestContextBootstrapper, and WebTestContextBootstrapper implementations of the TestContextBootstrapper SPI and extracted related reflection code from ContextLoaderUtils & TestContextManager. - Introduced BootstrapUtils for retrieving the TestContextBootstrapper from @BootstrapWith, falling back to a default if @BootstrapWith is not present. - @WebAppConfiguration is now annotated with @BootstrapWith(WebTestContextBootstrapper.class). - CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate is now an interface with a new DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate implementation class. - Introduced closeContext(MergedContextConfiguration, HierarchyMode) in CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate. - DefaultTestContext now uses CacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate instead of interacting directly with the ContextCache. - DefaultTestContext now delegates to a TestContextBootstrapper for building the MergedContextConfiguration. - TestContextManager now delegates to TestContextBootstrapper for retrieving TestExecutionListeners. - Deleted TestContextManager(Class, String) constructor and SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.getDefaultContextLoaderClassName(Class) method since default ContextLoader support is now implemented by TestContextBootstrappers. - Extracted ActiveProfilesUtils from ContextLoaderUtils. - Extracted ApplicationContextInitializerUtils from ContextLoaderUtils. - MetaAnnotationUtils is now a public utility class in the test.util package. - Removed restriction in @ActiveProfiles that a custom resolver cannot be used with the 'value' or 'profiles' attributes. - Introduced DefaultActiveProfilesResolver. Issue: SPR-9955