OVERWATCH

A native Android (Kotlin) passive surveillance-detection app. Open it, hit START, and a circle turns green / yellow / orange / red depending on how confident the engine is that there's a Flock Safety ALPR, an Axon body camera, or active police presence near you. With the screen locked, the foreground notification updates with the current tier and the phone vibrates on upward escalations — you don't have to be looking at the screen.

Passive defense only. OVERWATCH only listens — it does not transmit, probe, jam, or interfere with any device or network. The Axon advertise/fuzz code from one of the reference projects is intentionally excluded.

Website: overwatch.netslum.io · Latest release: v0.5.7 (debug-signed APK, sideload).

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Screenshots

     

_{Live threat-map circle · source drill-down · settings}

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What it detects

Source	What it looks at	Where it comes from
BLE	Bluetooth-LE advertisements: vendor MAC OUIs (Axon, Flock Penguin / Raven, XUNTONG mfg id 0x09C8, "TN" serial pattern), Raven service UUIDs, device-name patterns — plus 18 IEEE-verified surveillance-vendor OUIs (ShotSpotter, WatchGuard/Motorola, Verkada, Avigilon Alta, Axis body cams, FLIR, Hanwha, March Networks, GeoVision, Mobotix, Sunell) with vendor-named labels	Local radio scan (BLE callback API). Iterates every manufacturer-specific data entry to find XUNTONG, not just the first. Police-exclusive OUIs (WatchGuard, ShotSpotter) score ORANGE on sight, same rationale as Axon.
WiFi	BSSID OUI prefixes for Flock infrastructure (31-prefix superset) + the same 18 vendor OUIs (WatchGuard 4RE in-car APs, Openpath/Alta readers, WiFi-capable cameras), Flock-XXXX and other generic SSID patterns	WifiManager.getScanResults() polled every 35 s (just under the Android 11+ 4-scans/2-min throttle)
DEFLOCK	Crowdsourced ALPR locations within the detection radius (default 500 m), scored by how close each one actually is	POST to Overpass API (overpass.deflock.org → fallback overpass-api.de) for man_made=surveillance + surveillance:type=ALPR in a 5 km bbox; 24 h on-disk cache by 0.05° grid cell. Refetches when the user moves > 1.5 km from the last fetch center. Backoffs after Overpass failures; treats {"remark": "...timed out..."} 200-responses as failure so timeouts don't poison the cache.
WAZE	User-reported POLICE alerts still active in the feed within the detection radius (default 500 m), up to ~45 min old, scored by distance and age	api.openwebninja.com/waze/alerts-and-jams — OpenWeb Ninja's hosted Waze feed, called directly with your own API key (X-API-Key) entered in Settings and stored encrypted on-device. Sidesteps the reCAPTCHA gating that 403s direct live-map/api/georss calls. Polled every ~4 min with alert_types=POLICE&max_jams=0 (server-side filtering, ~1.5 KB/poll), and the client re-filters by type so a silent upstream change can't let other alert types through. Alerts carry confidence (0–5) + reliability (0–10); high values nudge the score up. No key → source shows "not configured" in the drill-down.
AIRCRAFT	Police / surveillance aircraft overhead — identified from a bundled registry of 1,971 US law-enforcement airframes, plus loiter detection for unlisted ones	opendata.adsb.fi → fallback api.adsb.lol, polled every 60 s. No API key. Community ADS-B networks are used specifically because the commercial trackers filter law-enforcement flights at government request. Matched on the ICAO 24-bit address; scored by ground distance, altitude and orbit behaviour.
COMMERCIAL	Nearby consumer smart-home / voice gear (Nest, Ring, Echo, hidden cams) and camera-bearing smart glasses (Meta, Snap, Vuzix) as a secondary situational signal	Rides the BLE + WiFi scans — OUI / device-name / service-UUID / SSID matches plus Bluetooth SIG company IDs from MicTargets. Score-capped at ORANGE so a cluster of doorbells (or a passing pair of Ray-Bans) never reads as ALPR-grade certainty.

Citizen was removed (v0.5.7). Citizen ended the police-dispatch data partnership behind its public feed in June 2026. It first degraded to silent empty stubs, and as of 2026-09-16 citizen.com/api/incident/trending returns HTTP 410 Gone — {"error":"This endpoint has been removed."}, which is upstream formally tombstoning it. data.sp0n.io (the host the current web app uses) answers 200 with a zero-byte body even with no query params. Structured incident data is now Citizen's paid Enterprise API only, which needs a business use-case application — not something this app can ship. The source and all its code were therefore deleted rather than left as a permanently-failing row. Police presence is still covered by Waze (denser for roadway stops anyway) and DeFlock.

Waze needs your own API key (v0.5.6+). Waze reCAPTCHA-gated its live-map/api/georss endpoint in 2025/2026 — automated calls get HTTP 403 regardless of IP or headless-vs-headful browser (it scores browser reputation, verified by direct testing), which is why v0.1.5 removed the original integration and why no free scraper survives. OVERWATCH reads Waze POLICE alerts through OpenWeb Ninja's hosted feed. Earlier builds routed this through a private proxy that injected a shared key, which meant handing out a credential that wasn't the user's; v0.5.6 calls OpenWeb Ninja directly with a key you supply yourself — see Waze setup below. Nothing is baked into the APK, so a published build carries no credential and each install bills to its own account. The Waze for Cities partner feed was ruled out — it excludes POLICE and is agency-only.

Full reference: SOURCES.md documents every endpoint, every BLE/WiFi identifier, the scoring tables, and the sources that were tried and rejected (and why).

Every observation is scored 0–100 by ConfidenceEngine. The on-screen tier is the maximum live score across all sources:

GREEN      < 40    nothing credible
YELLOW   40 – 69   single weak indicator
ORANGE   70 – 84   high confidence
RED        85 +    certain

DeFlock and Waze are scored on a sliding scale, not a flat value. Both carry real coordinates, so the score is a continuous falloff over the actual distance — drive toward a camera and the number climbs, drive past and it drops. The anchors are absolute metres and deliberately independent of the detection-radius setting: a camera 200 m away is equally close whether the slider reads 300 m or 5 km, so moving a setting must never move the threat level. A Waze report additionally decays by up to 12 points across its 45-min freshness window, because police move and a surveyed camera does not.

Distance	DeFlock ALPR	Waze police (fresh)
0 m	95 RED	80 ORANGE
50 m	85 RED	78 ORANGE
100 m	72 ORANGE	70 ORANGE
200 m	55 YELLOW	62 YELLOW
350 m	42 YELLOW	52 YELLOW
500 m	35 GREEN	47 YELLOW
1000 m	26 GREEN	34 GREEN
3000 m	18 GREEN	23 GREEN

Each curve crosses below the YELLOW line (40) at roughly the distance the thing stops being able to act on you. A Flock camera reads plates at ~30–50 m, so it is RED on top of it, ORANGE at 100 m, and GREEN by 500 m — still drawn on the map, just not an alarm. Waze keeps a wider band on purpose: a police car covers 700 m in under a minute; a bollarded camera never moves.

This calibration is what makes a single range slider safe. The tier is max(score) over everything reported, and the slider decides what gets reported — so with looser curves, standing still and dragging it from 300 m to 500 m flipped the app GREEN → YELLOW with nothing physical changing. Now sweeping 200 m → 4900 m leaves the tier untouched, while standing 29 m from a camera still reads 89 RED.

The user-facing circle uses the full 4-tier mapping. Cross-source corroboration naturally pushes the global max upward (a BLE OUI hit and a DeFlock map match in the same area produce a higher tier than either alone). When idle, the circle shows muted gray with IDLE text so it's distinguishable at a glance from "scanning, all clear."

While scanning, the circle becomes a live OpenStreetMap centered on you, wrapped in a threat-color ring (the current tier at a glance) and marked with a ⌖ crosshair for your position. Map geodata is color-coded by source — Flock / DeFlock ALPR red, speed cameras amber, other cameras gray, Waze police blue, aircraft violet — so each dot is self-explanatory. The same map renders in a smaller floating overlay bubble (Settings → Display over other apps) so it works over other apps.

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How alerts work

• In-app: the threat circle shows a live map with a threat-color ring and source-color dots while scanning, with a legend beneath it — ALPR red, speed camera amber, generic camera gray, Waze police blue, aircraft violet, and a ⌖ crosshair for your own position; tap it to open the bottom-sheet drill-down with per-source rows. DeFlock and Waze events carry coordinates — each row has a tap-to-open Maps icon.
• Foreground notification: rebuilt on every threat-tier change. Title becomes OVERWATCH • RED (or whatever tier); text shows the top detection's score + label. Notification priority bumps to HIGH on RED so the system can surface it as a heads-up.
• Vibration: on upward tier transitions only. Short pulse for YELLOW, double for ORANGE, escalating triple for RED. Toggle in Settings → Alerts.
• Per-source health: the drill-down sheet shows orange Source unreachable text on a row when its scanner couldn't reach its data source — silent empty results vs. real failures are distinguishable.

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Architecture

ui/MainScreen.kt                   map circle + threat ring + START/STOP + drill-down sheet
ui/OverlayBubble.kt                floating "chat-bubble" version of the map circle
ui/MarkerIcons.kt                  map marker drawables — source dots + ⌖ user crosshair
ui/SettingsScreen.kt               source toggles, distance sliders, Waze API key, vibrate, theme
ui/theme/Theme.kt                  Material 3 dark/light + threat colors
service/DetectionService.kt        foreground service — owns scanners, notification, vibration
service/OverlayManager.kt          WindowManager host for the floating overlay bubble
scan/BleScanner.kt                 BLE callback scanner
scan/WifiScanner.kt                WifiManager poller + SCAN_RESULTS receiver
scan/DeflockClient.kt              Overpass POST (deflock.org → overpass-api.de) + 24h cache
scan/DeflockScanner.kt             location-driven proximity check + failure backoff
scan/WazeClient.kt                 GET api.openwebninja.com (X-API-Key, user's own key)
scan/AircraftClient.kt             GET adsb.fi → adsb.lol (no key), live ADS-B contacts
scan/AircraftScanner.kt            60 s poller, registry match + loiter/orbit detection
data/targets/LeAircraft.kt         bundled ICAO-hex table of law-enforcement aircraft
scan/WazeScanner.kt                ~4 min poller, 200-alert page, client-side POLICE filter
fusion/ConfidenceEngine.kt         scoring (BLE / WiFi / DeFlock / Waze / Commercial)
fusion/RssiTracker.kt              rise-peak-fall stationary-signal detector
fusion/DetectionStore.kt           in-memory dedup, 5-min retention, max-tier flow
fusion/SourceHealth.kt             per-source OK/FAILED registry for the drill-down
fusion/ThreatLevel.kt              4-tier enum + DetectionSource enum
data/location/LocationProvider.kt  FusedLocationProviderClient wrapper
data/settings/Settings.kt          SharedPreferences-backed StateFlow settings
data/settings/SecureStore.kt       Keystore AES/GCM store for the Waze API key
data/targets/                      BleOuis, WifiOuis, VendorOuis, RavenUuids, Patterns, Manufacturers, MicTargets

No detection-history database. All state is in-memory and clears on stop, by design. Service uses START_NOT_STICKY — system kill doesn't auto-restart into a stuck state.

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Waze setup (bring your own API key)

The Waze source is optional and off until you give it a key. It reads OpenWeb Ninja's hosted Waze feed, and each install uses its owner's own key — no shared credential ships in the APK and nobody has to be handed someone else's.

1. Sign up at openwebninja.com.
2. Subscribe to the Waze / Real-Time Traffic API (the waze/alerts-and-jams endpoint).
3. Copy your API key — it looks like ak_….
4. In OVERWATCH: gear icon → Waze police feed → paste the key → Save. The status line flips to API key set — Waze feed enabled.

The key is stored encrypted on-device (Android Keystore AES/GCM, see data/settings/SecureStore.kt) and is sent only to api.openwebninja.com as an X-API-Key header. Clearing the field removes it and the source goes dormant again.

What it costs. Pay-as-you-go is roughly $0.005/request. OVERWATCH polls about every 4 minutes while scanning, so ≈15 requests per active hour — call it $1–3/month for normal personal use. The free tier's 100 requests/month is enough to confirm it works, not to run it continuously. The app requests alert_types=POLICE&max_jams=0 so each poll is ~1.5 KB instead of ~18 KB, which matters on cellular but doesn't change the per-request price. Watch your usage on the OpenWeb Ninja dashboard and set a spend cap there — the app has no way to enforce one.

If a key is wrong or its quota is exhausted, the drill-down says so explicitly (Invalid or missing API key (HTTP 401) / Rate limit or quota exceeded (HTTP 429)) rather than failing silently.

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Build & install

Requires:

• JDK 17+ (built and verified on 17; Gradle 9.x runs on 17 or 21)
• Android Studio with SDK Platform 37 + Build-Tools 36.x + Platform-Tools

Toolchain as of v0.5.6: AGP 9.3.2 / Gradle 9.7.1 / Kotlin 2.4.10, compileSdk 37. targetSdk stays at 35 deliberately — API 36+ tightens foreground-service behavior, and screen-off scanning is the core feature, so the runtime opt-in is kept separate from the compile-time bump. Note AGP 9 folds in Kotlin support, so there is no longer a standalone kotlin.android plugin in the build file.

# 1) Copy the example local.properties and point sdk.dir at your install
cp local.properties.example local.properties
# edit local.properties → sdk.dir=/Users/<you>/Library/Android/sdk
# (Waze needs no build config — paste your OpenWeb Ninja API key into Settings in-app)

# 2) Make sure JAVA_HOME is JDK 21
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/opt/openjdk@21/libexec/openjdk.jdk/Contents/Home

# 3) Build & install on a connected device with USB debugging
./gradlew :app:installDebug

Or download the latest debug-signed APK from Releases.

Releases are cut by CI: pushing a v* tag runs .github/workflows/release.yml, which builds :app:assembleDebug and attaches the APK to a GitHub Release. No build-time secrets — the app ships with no key or token. A fixed debug.keystore is committed (a debug key is non-secret; password is the well-known android) so every build — CI or local — signs identically and updates install in place without an uninstall.

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Permissions

Permission	Why
BLUETOOTH_SCAN, BLUETOOTH_CONNECT (API 31+)	BLE scanning
BLUETOOTH, BLUETOOTH_ADMIN (≤ API 30)	BLE scanning, legacy
ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION	Required for BLE pre-S, WiFi pre-T, and DeFlock/Waze proximity
NEARBY_WIFI_DEVICES (API 33+)	WiFi scan results without using location
ACCESS_WIFI_STATE, CHANGE_WIFI_STATE	Trigger and read scan results
INTERNET, ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE	DeFlock Overpass, OpenWeb Ninja Waze feed, ADS-B aircraft feeds
FOREGROUND_SERVICE, FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE, FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION	Keep scanning with the screen off
POST_NOTIFICATIONS (API 33+)	Foreground-service notification
VIBRATE	Haptic alert on threat-tier escalation
SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW	Optional floating threat-circle overlay (special-access; granted via system settings)

Requested at runtime when you press START for the first time. If you permanently deny a required permission ("don't ask again"), the START button swaps to Open app settings which fires the per-app system-settings page so you can grant manually.

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Settings

Tap the gear icon in the top-right.

• Detection sources: toggle BLE / WiFi / DeFlock / Waze / Aircraft / Commercial independently. Changes take effect on the next Start. While scanning, a Restart scan to apply button appears that does stop() + start() in one tap.
• Range (show within) lives on the main screen, under the map — it's the one control you reach for while moving. 100 m – 5000 m, default 500 m, committing on release rather than per-pixel so dragging it doesn't restart the location scanners on every frame. It is a view control, not a sensitivity control: it sets what the circle draws and what the drill-down lists, and nothing else. Scores come from real distance alone, so widening it adds dots and rows but cannot change the threat tier.
• Waze police feed: paste your own OpenWeb Ninja API key — see Waze setup. Stored encrypted on-device (Android Keystore), never baked into the APK. Empty = Waze source off.
• Alerts:
  • Vibrate on threat escalation (default on)
• Display over other apps: floating threat-circle overlay (needs the special-access permission; the app bounces you to the system page to grant it).
• Appearance: System / Dark / Light (default Dark)

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Reference repos studied while building

These live under REFERENCES/ (gitignored):

• AxonCadabra — BLE scanner skeleton (scan side only; advertise/fuzz code excluded)
• flock-detection — confidence-scoring algorithm (highest reusability), RSSI rise-peak-fall, OUIs + UUIDs + patterns
• flock-you — 31-OUI WiFi superset (promiscuous-mode tricks not portable to Android)
• deflock + deflock-app — Overpass query format + proximity-alert pattern (the Flutter app uses Overpass directly, not the CDN tiles, which the OVERWATCH client mirrors)
• wazepolice — original live-map/api/georss recipe; that endpoint is now reCAPTCHA-gated, so OVERWATCH reads OpenWeb Ninja's hosted feed instead of hitting Waze directly

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Status

Phases 1–5 (skeleton, BLE, WiFi, DeFlock, polish) complete and field-tested. Current release v0.5.7. Notable changes:

• v0.1.2 — Android 14+ foreground service type fix; NaN-coordinate filter on map data.
• v0.1.3 — DeFlock CDN replaced by direct Overpass calls (Cloudflare-blocked).
• v0.1.4 — Citizen.com added as 5th source, per-source health registry. (source removed in v0.5.7 — feed retired upstream)
• v0.1.5 — Waze removed (reCAPTCHA-gated; no clean mobile workaround at the time).
• v0.1.6 — Dynamic notification with tier + label, haptic alerts, Open-in-Maps for geo events.
• v0.1.7 — System back from Settings returns to MAIN instead of exiting.
• v0.2.0 — Live map circle + COMMERCIAL source (Nest / Ring / Echo / hidden cams).
• v0.2.1–v0.2.2 — Live proximity refresh, map dot markers, map + Settings UI polish.
• v0.3.0–v0.3.2 — Floating threat-circle overlay (chat-bubble style) + drag/crash fixes.
• v0.5.0 — Waze re-added via a key-protected Caddy proxy (api.blackflagintel.com): the OpenWeb Ninja key stays server-side, the app uses an encrypted per-device token. GitHub Actions release pipeline added.
• v0.5.1 — UI: larger map circle with a threat-color ring, ⌖ user crosshair, source-color dots (Flock red / Waze blue), START moved to the bottom.
• v0.5.2 — Committed a fixed debug keystore so CI + local builds sign identically; updates now install in place (no functional changes).
• v0.5.3 — Detect Meta / Snap / Vuzix smart glasses in the COMMERCIAL source (BLE company-id + name vectors); new radar app icon (launcher, themed, and notification).
• v0.5.4 — 18 IEEE-verified surveillance-vendor OUIs across BLE + WiFi (ShotSpotter, WatchGuard/Motorola, Verkada, Avigilon Alta, Axis, FLIR, Hanwha, March Networks, GeoVision, Mobotix, Sunell); police-exclusive vendors (WatchGuard, ShotSpotter) score ORANGE on sight; vendor-named drill-down labels.
• v0.5.5 — Citizen feed confirmed retired upstream; the source now reports the shutdown instead of leaking a JSON parse error, and backs off to a 30-min heartbeat. Toolchain modernized: AGP 9.3.2, Gradle 9.7.1, Kotlin 2.4.10, Compose BOM 2026.08.00, compileSdk 37 (targetSdk held at 35); CI actions bumped off deprecated Node-20 versions.
• v0.5.6 — Waze now calls OpenWeb Ninja directly with your own API key instead of a shared proxy token; the api.blackflagintel.com proxy is no longer used and the stale token is purged from the secret store on upgrade. Requests add alert_types=POLICE&max_jams=0 (~18 KB → ~1.5 KB per poll). See Waze setup.
• v0.5.7 — Citizen source removed entirely (client, scanner, scoring, settings, map dots and the drill-down row). Its endpoint now returns HTTP 410 Gone, so there was nothing left to degrade gracefully into. OVERWATCH is now a five-source app: BLE, WiFi, DeFlock, Waze, Commercial.
• v0.5.8 — AIRCRAFT source: police / surveillance aircraft overhead via free community ADS-B feeds, matched against a bundled 1,971-entry registry of US law-enforcement airframes (regenerate with scripts/gen-le-aircraft.py), plus loiter/orbit detection so unlisted aircraft circling overhead still register. Overpass query widened to speed cameras and generic surveillance nodes, each scored on its own curve. DeFlock/Waze/aircraft all scored by continuous distance falloff. New SOURCES.md reference.
• v0.5.9 — Detection-radius slider moved onto the main screen (under the map, where you reach for it while moving) and a source-color legend added beneath the circle: ALPR red, speed camera amber, other cameras gray, Waze police blue, aircraft violet.
• v0.5.10 — Recalibrated every distance curve so the range slider can no longer move the threat tier: each crosses below YELLOW at roughly the distance the thing stops being able to act on you (ALPR is RED on top of it, GREEN by 500 m). The main-screen slider is relabelled show within to say what it is — a view control, not a sensitivity control.

License

Personal use. Reference repos retain their own licenses; do not redistribute their code as part of this project.

Disclaimer

Tool for situational awareness about deployed surveillance infrastructure in public spaces. Local laws regarding electronic surveillance, RF monitoring, and police-tracking apps vary — your responsibility to know what's legal where you are.