vm: add OP_MATCHERR instruction for pattern matching errors

Replace 4-instruction sequence (GETCONST + STRING + SEND + RAISEIF)
with single OP_MATCHERR instruction that raises NoMatchingPatternError
with "pattern not matched" message.

Bump RITE binary format version from 0300 to 0400 due to opcode
number shift.

Co-authored-by: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

include/mruby/dump.h

@@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ MRB_API mrb_irep *mrb_read_irep_buf(mrb_state*, const void*, size_t);
 /* Binary Format Version Major:Minor */
 /*   Major: Incompatible to prior versions */
 /*   Minor: Upper-compatible to prior versions */
-#define RITE_BINARY_MAJOR_VER          "03"
+#define RITE_BINARY_MAJOR_VER          "04"
 #define RITE_BINARY_MINOR_VER          "00"
 #define RITE_BINARY_FORMAT_VER         RITE_BINARY_MAJOR_VER RITE_BINARY_MINOR_VER
 #define RITE_COMPILER_NAME             "MATZ"
 #define RITE_COMPILER_VERSION          "0000"
 
-#define RITE_VM_VER                    "0300"
+#define RITE_VM_VER                    "0400"
 
 #define RITE_BINARY_EOF                "END\0"
 #define RITE_SECTION_IREP_IDENT        "IREP"

include/mruby/ops.h

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ OPCODE(JMPUW,      S)        /* unwind_and_jump_to(a) */
 OPCODE(EXCEPT,     B)        /* R[a] = exc */
 OPCODE(RESCUE,     BB)       /* R[b] = R[a].isa?(R[b]) */
 OPCODE(RAISEIF,    B)        /* raise(R[a]) if R[a] */
+OPCODE(MATCHERR,   Z)        /* raise NoMatchingPatternError */
 OPCODE(SSEND,      BBB)      /* R[a] = self.send(Syms[b],R[a+1]..,R[a+n+1]:R[a+n+2]..) (c=n|k<<4) */
 OPCODE(SSENDB,     BBB)      /* R[a] = self.send(Syms[b],R[a+1]..,R[a+n+1]:R[a+n+2]..,&R[a+n+2k+1]) */
 OPCODE(SEND,       BBB)      /* R[a] = R[a].send(Syms[b],R[a+1]..,R[a+n+1]:R[a+n+2]..) (c=n|k<<4) */

mrbgems/mruby-compiler/core/codegen.c

@@ -6647,20 +6647,7 @@ codegen(codegen_scope *s, node *tree, int val)
         pop();  /* pop the value */
         if (mp->raise_on_fail) {
           /* expr => pattern: raise NoMatchingPatternError */
-          int msg_off = new_lit_cstr(s, "pattern not matched");
-          int exc_reg = cursp();
-          /* Get NoMatchingPatternError class */
-          genop_2(s, OP_GETCONST, exc_reg, sym_idx(s, MRB_SYM_2(s->mrb, NoMatchingPatternError)));
-          push();
-          /* Create message string */
-          genop_2(s, OP_STRING, cursp(), msg_off);
-          push();
-          /* Call NoMatchingPatternError.new(message) */
-          pop();  /* pop argument */
-          genop_3(s, OP_SEND, exc_reg, sym_idx(s, MRB_SYM_2(s->mrb, new)), 1);
-          /* Raise the exception */
-          genop_1(s, OP_RAISEIF, exc_reg);
-          /* No push here: RAISEIF never returns, control transfers to rescue handler */
+          genop_0(s, OP_MATCHERR);
         }
         else {
           /* expr in pattern: return false */

src/codedump.c

@@ -572,6 +572,9 @@ codedump(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep *irep, FILE *out)
       fprintf(out, "RAISEIF\tR%d\t", a);
       print_lv_a(mrb, irep, a, out);
       break;
+    CASE(OP_MATCHERR, Z):
+      fprintf(out, "MATCHERR\n");
+      break;
 
     CASE(OP_DEBUG, BBB):
       fprintf(out, "DEBUG\t\t%d\t%d\t%d\n", a, b, c);

src/vm.c

@@ -2167,6 +2167,10 @@ RETRY_TRY_BLOCK:
       NEXT;
     }
 
+    CASE(OP_MATCHERR, Z) {
+      RAISE_LIT(mrb, mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(NoMatchingPatternError)), "pattern not matched");
+    }
+
     CASE(OP_SSEND, BBB) {
       regs[a] = regs[0];
     }