pkgerrors: quick refactoring for better readibility

Revert change on go.mod
pkgerrors: remove fmt dep
2026-06-08 17:13:30 +00:00 · 2019-01-02 17:07:20 -08:00 · 2019-01-02 17:02:58 -08:00 · 2019-01-02 13:19:14 -08:00 · 2019-01-02 12:11:57 -08:00 · 2018-02-11 17:55:34 -08:00
48 changed files with 220 additions and 1471 deletions
@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
 language: go
 go:
+- "1.7"
+- "1.8"
 - "1.9"
 - "1.10"
- "1.11"
- "1.12"
- "1.13"
- "1.14"
- "1.15"
- "1.16"
 - "master"
 matrix:
  allow_failures:
@@ -18,21 +18,20 @@ Find out [who uses zerolog](https://github.com/rs/zerolog/wiki/Who-uses-zerolog)

 ## Features

-* [Blazing fast](#benchmarks)
-* [Low to zero allocation](#benchmarks)
-* [Leveled logging](#leveled-logging)
-* [Sampling](#log-sampling)
-* [Hooks](#hooks)
-* [Contextual fields](#contextual-logging)
+* Blazing fast
+* Low to zero allocation
+* Level logging
+* Sampling
+* Hooks
+* Contextual fields
 * `context.Context` integration
-* [Integration with `net/http`](#integration-with-nethttp)
-* [JSON and CBOR encoding formats](#binary-encoding)
-* [Pretty logging for development](#pretty-logging)
-* [Error Logging (with optional Stacktrace)](#error-logging)
+* `net/http` helpers
+* JSON and CBOR encoding formats
+* Pretty logging for development

 ## Installation

-```bash
+```go
 go get -u github.com/rs/zerolog/log
 ```

@@ -52,7 +51,9 @@ import (

 func main() {
    // UNIX Time is faster and smaller than most timestamps
-    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnix
+    // If you set zerolog.TimeFieldFormat to an empty string,
+    // logs will write with UNIX time
+    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = ""

    log.Print("hello world")
 }
@@ -75,20 +76,15 @@ import (
 )

 func main() {
-    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnix
+    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = ""

    log.Debug().
        Str("Scale", "833 cents").
        Float64("Interval", 833.09).
        Msg("Fibonacci is everywhere")
-    
-    log.Debug().
-        Str("Name", "Tom").
-        Send()
 }

-// Output: {"level":"debug","Scale":"833 cents","Interval":833.09,"time":1562212768,"message":"Fibonacci is everywhere"}
-// Output: {"level":"debug","Name":"Tom","time":1562212768}
+// Output: {"time":1524104936,"level":"debug","Scale":"833 cents","Interval":833.09,"message":"Fibonacci is everywhere"}
 ```

 > You'll note in the above example that when adding contextual fields, the fields are strongly typed. You can find the full list of supported fields [here](#standard-types)
@@ -106,7 +102,7 @@ import (
 )

 func main() {
-    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnix
+    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = ""

    log.Info().Msg("hello world")
 }
@@ -124,7 +120,6 @@ func main() {
 * warn (`zerolog.WarnLevel`, 2)
 * info (`zerolog.InfoLevel`, 1)
 * debug (`zerolog.DebugLevel`, 0)
-* trace (`zerolog.TraceLevel`, -1)

 You can set the Global logging level to any of these options using the `SetGlobalLevel` function in the zerolog package, passing in one of the given constants above, e.g. `zerolog.InfoLevel` would be the "info" level.  Whichever level is chosen, all logs with a level greater than or equal to that level will be written. To turn off logging entirely, pass the `zerolog.Disabled` constant.

@@ -143,7 +138,7 @@ import (
 )

 func main() {
-    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnix
+    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = ""
    debug := flag.Bool("debug", false, "sets log level to debug")

    flag.Parse()
@@ -194,7 +189,7 @@ import (
 )

 func main() {
-    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnix
+    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = ""

    log.Log().
        Str("foo", "bar").
@@ -204,80 +199,6 @@ func main() {
 // Output: {"time":1494567715,"foo":"bar"}
 ```

-### Error Logging
-
-You can log errors using the `Err` method
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnix
-
-	err := errors.New("seems we have an error here")
-	log.Error().Err(err).Msg("")
-}
-
-// Output: {"level":"error","error":"seems we have an error here","time":1609085256}
-```
-
-> The default field name for errors is `error`, you can change this by setting `zerolog.ErrorFieldName` to meet your needs.
-
-#### Error Logging with Stacktrace
-
-Using `github.com/pkg/errors`, you can add a formatted stacktrace to your errors. 
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog/pkgerrors"
-
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnix
-	zerolog.ErrorStackMarshaler = pkgerrors.MarshalStack
-
-	err := outer()
-	log.Error().Stack().Err(err).Msg("")
-}
-
-func inner() error {
-	return errors.New("seems we have an error here")
-}
-
-func middle() error {
-	err := inner()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func outer() error {
-	err := middle()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Output: {"level":"error","stack":[{"func":"inner","line":"20","source":"errors.go"},{"func":"middle","line":"24","source":"errors.go"},{"func":"outer","line":"32","source":"errors.go"},{"func":"main","line":"15","source":"errors.go"},{"func":"main","line":"204","source":"proc.go"},{"func":"goexit","line":"1374","source":"asm_amd64.s"}],"error":"seems we have an error here","time":1609086683}
-```
-
-> zerolog.ErrorStackMarshaler must be set in order for the stack to output anything.
-
 #### Logging Fatal Messages

 ```go
@@ -294,7 +215,7 @@ func main() {
    err := errors.New("A repo man spends his life getting into tense situations")
    service := "myservice"

-    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnix
+    zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = ""

    log.Fatal().
        Err(err).
@@ -308,7 +229,6 @@ func main() {

 > NOTE: Using `Msgf` generates one allocation even when the logger is disabled.

-
 ### Create logger instance to manage different outputs

 ```go
@@ -415,7 +335,7 @@ If your writer might be slow or not thread-safe and you need your log producers
 wr := diode.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 1000, 10*time.Millisecond, func(missed int) {
 		fmt.Printf("Logger Dropped %d messages", missed)
 	})
-log := zerolog.New(wr)
+log := zerolog.New(w)
 log.Print("test")
 ```

@@ -509,11 +429,11 @@ c := alice.New()
 c = c.Append(hlog.NewHandler(log))

 // Install some provided extra handler to set some request's context fields.
-// Thanks to that handler, all our logs will come with some prepopulated fields.
+// Thanks to those handler, all our logs will come with some pre-populated fields.
 c = c.Append(hlog.AccessHandler(func(r *http.Request, status, size int, duration time.Duration) {
    hlog.FromRequest(r).Info().
        Str("method", r.Method).
-        Stringer("url", r.URL).
+        Str("url", r.URL.String()).
        Int("status", status).
        Int("size", size).
        Dur("duration", duration).
@@ -543,40 +463,23 @@ if err := http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil); err != nil {
 }
 ```

-## Multiple Log Output
-`zerolog.MultiLevelWriter` may be used to send the log message to multiple outputs. 
-In this example, we send the log message to both `os.Stdout` and the in-built ConsoleWriter.
-```go
-func main() {
-	consoleWriter := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: os.Stdout}
-
-	multi := zerolog.MultiLevelWriter(consoleWriter, os.Stdout)
-
-	logger := zerolog.New(multi).With().Timestamp().Logger()
-
-	logger.Info().Msg("Hello World!")
-}
-
-// Output (Line 1: Console; Line 2: Stdout)
-// 12:36PM INF Hello World!
-// {"level":"info","time":"2019-11-07T12:36:38+03:00","message":"Hello World!"}
-``` 
-
 ## Global Settings

 Some settings can be changed and will by applied to all loggers:

 * `log.Logger`: You can set this value to customize the global logger (the one used by package level methods).
-* `zerolog.SetGlobalLevel`: Can raise the minimum level of all loggers. Call this with `zerolog.Disabled` to disable logging altogether (quiet mode).
+* `zerolog.SetGlobalLevel`: Can raise the minimum level of all loggers. Set this to `zerolog.Disabled` to disable logging altogether (quiet mode).
 * `zerolog.DisableSampling`: If argument is `true`, all sampled loggers will stop sampling and issue 100% of their log events.
 * `zerolog.TimestampFieldName`: Can be set to customize `Timestamp` field name.
 * `zerolog.LevelFieldName`: Can be set to customize level field name.
 * `zerolog.MessageFieldName`: Can be set to customize message field name.
 * `zerolog.ErrorFieldName`: Can be set to customize `Err` field name.
-* `zerolog.TimeFieldFormat`: Can be set to customize `Time` field value formatting. If set with `zerolog.TimeFormatUnix`, `zerolog.TimeFormatUnixMs` or `zerolog.TimeFormatUnixMicro`, times are formated as UNIX timestamp.
-* `zerolog.DurationFieldUnit`: Can be set to customize the unit for time.Duration type fields added by `Dur` (default: `time.Millisecond`).
-* `zerolog.DurationFieldInteger`: If set to `true`, `Dur` fields are formatted as integers instead of floats (default: `false`). 
-* `zerolog.ErrorHandler`: Called whenever zerolog fails to write an event on its output. If not set, an error is printed on the stderr. This handler must be thread safe and non-blocking.
+* `zerolog.TimeFieldFormat`: Can be set to customize `Time` field value formatting. If set with an empty string, times are formated as UNIX timestamp.
+    // DurationFieldUnit defines the unit for time.Duration type fields added
+    // using the Dur method.
+* `DurationFieldUnit`: Sets the unit of the fields added by `Dur` (default: `time.Millisecond`).
+* `DurationFieldInteger`: If set to true, `Dur` fields are formatted as integers instead of floats.
+* `ErrorHandler`: Called whenever zerolog fails to write an event on its output. If not set, an error is printed on the stderr. This handler must be thread safe and non-blocking.

 ## Field Types

@@ -590,17 +493,13 @@ Some settings can be changed and will by applied to all loggers:

 ### Advanced Fields

-* `Err`: Takes an `error` and renders it as a string using the `zerolog.ErrorFieldName` field name.
-* `Timestamp`: Inserts a timestamp field with `zerolog.TimestampFieldName` field name, formatted using `zerolog.TimeFieldFormat`.
-* `Time`: Adds a field with time formatted with `zerolog.TimeFieldFormat`.
-* `Dur`: Adds a field with `time.Duration`.
+* `Err`: Takes an `error` and render it as a string using the `zerolog.ErrorFieldName` field name.
+* `Timestamp`: Insert a timestamp field with `zerolog.TimestampFieldName` field name and formatted using `zerolog.TimeFieldFormat`.
+* `Time`: Adds a field with the time formated with the `zerolog.TimeFieldFormat`.
+* `Dur`: Adds a field with a `time.Duration`.
 * `Dict`: Adds a sub-key/value as a field of the event.
-* `RawJSON`: Adds a field with an already encoded JSON (`[]byte`)
-* `Hex`: Adds a field with value formatted as a hexadecimal string (`[]byte`)
 * `Interface`: Uses reflection to marshal the type.

-Most fields are also available in the slice format (`Strs` for `[]string`, `Errs` for `[]error` etc.)
-
 ## Binary Encoding

 In addition to the default JSON encoding, `zerolog` can produce binary logs using [CBOR](http://cbor.io) encoding. The choice of encoding can be decided at compile time using the build tag `binary_log` as follows:
@@ -615,7 +514,6 @@ with zerolog library is [CSD](https://github.com/toravir/csd/).
 ## Related Projects

 * [grpc-zerolog](https://github.com/cheapRoc/grpc-zerolog): Implementation of `grpclog.LoggerV2` interface using `zerolog`
-* [overlog](https://github.com/Trendyol/overlog): Implementation of `Mapped Diagnostic Context` interface using `zerolog`

 ## Benchmarks

@@ -680,7 +578,7 @@ Log a static string, without any context or `printf`-style templating:

 ## Caveats

-Note that zerolog does no de-duplication of fields. Using the same key multiple times creates multiple keys in final JSON:
+Note that zerolog does de-duplication fields. Using the same key multiple times creates multiple keys in final JSON:

 ```go
 logger := zerolog.New(os.Stderr).With().Timestamp().Logger()
@@ -690,4 +588,4 @@ logger.Info().
 // Output: {"level":"info","time":1494567715,"time":1494567715,"message":"dup"}
 ```

-In this case, many consumers will take the last value, but this is not guaranteed; check yours if in doubt.
+However, it’s not a big deal as JSON accepts dup keys; the last one prevails.
@@ -85,15 +85,10 @@ func (a *Array) Hex(val []byte) *Array {
 	return a
 }

-// RawJSON adds already encoded JSON to the array.
-func (a *Array) RawJSON(val []byte) *Array {
-	a.buf = appendJSON(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), val)
-	return a
-}
-
 // Err serializes and appends the err to the array.
 func (a *Array) Err(err error) *Array {
-	switch m := ErrorMarshalFunc(err).(type) {
+	marshaled := ErrorMarshalFunc(err)
+	switch m := marshaled.(type) {
 	case LogObjectMarshaler:
 		e := newEvent(nil, 0)
 		e.buf = e.buf[:0]
@@ -101,11 +96,7 @@ func (a *Array) Err(err error) *Array {
 		a.buf = append(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), e.buf...)
 		putEvent(e)
 	case error:
-		if m == nil || isNilValue(m) {
-			a.buf = enc.AppendNil(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf))
-		} else {
-			a.buf = enc.AppendString(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), m.Error())
-		}
+		a.buf = enc.AppendString(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), m.Error())
 	case string:
 		a.buf = enc.AppendString(enc.AppendArrayDelim(a.buf), m)
 	default:
@@ -24,11 +24,10 @@ func TestArray(t *testing.T) {
 		Str("a").
 		Bytes([]byte("b")).
 		Hex([]byte{0x1f}).
-		RawJSON([]byte(`{"some":"json"}`)).
 		Time(time.Time{}).
 		IPAddr(net.IP{192, 168, 0, 10}).
 		Dur(0)
-	want := `[true,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11.98122,12.987654321,"a","b","1f",{"some":"json"},"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","192.168.0.10",0]`
+	want := `[true,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11.98122,12.987654321,"a","b","1f","0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","192.168.0.10",0]`
 	if got := decodeObjectToStr(a.write([]byte{})); got != want {
 		t.Errorf("Array.write()\ngot:  %s\nwant: %s", got, want)
 	}
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package zerolog
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"io/ioutil"
-	"net"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -235,13 +234,12 @@ func BenchmarkLogFieldType(b *testing.B) {

 func BenchmarkContextFieldType(b *testing.B) {
 	oldFormat := TimeFieldFormat
-	TimeFieldFormat = TimeFormatUnix
+	TimeFieldFormat = ""
 	defer func() { TimeFieldFormat = oldFormat }()
 	bools := []bool{true, false, true, false, true, false, true, false, true, false}
 	ints := []int{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
 	floats := []float64{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
 	strings := []string{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j"}
-	stringer := net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1}
 	durations := []time.Duration{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
 	times := []time.Time{
 		time.Unix(0, 0),
@@ -309,9 +307,6 @@ func BenchmarkContextFieldType(b *testing.B) {
 		"Strs": func(c Context) Context {
 			return c.Strs("k", strings)
 		},
-		"Stringer": func(c Context) Context {
-			return c.Stringer("k", stringer)
-		},
 		"Err": func(c Context) Context {
 			return c.Err(errs[0])
 		},
@@ -108,19 +108,6 @@ func ExampleLogger_Printf() {
 	// Output: {"level":"debug","message":"hello world"}
 }

-func ExampleLogger_Trace() {
-	dst := bytes.Buffer{}
-	log := New(&dst)
-
-	log.Trace().
-		Str("foo", "bar").
-		Int("n", 123).
-		Msg("hello world")
-
-	fmt.Println(decodeIfBinaryToString(dst.Bytes()))
-	// Output: {"level":"trace","foo":"bar","n":123,"message":"hello world"}
-}
-
 func ExampleLogger_Debug() {
 	dst := bytes.Buffer{}
 	log := New(&dst)
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -14,6 +13,11 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )

+const (
+	colorBold = iota + 1
+	colorFaint
+)
+
 const (
 	colorBlack = iota + 30
 	colorRed
@@ -23,9 +27,6 @@ const (
 	colorMagenta
 	colorCyan
 	colorWhite
-
-	colorBold     = 1
-	colorDarkGray = 90
 )

 var (
@@ -58,9 +59,6 @@ type ConsoleWriter struct {
 	// PartsOrder defines the order of parts in output.
 	PartsOrder []string

-	// PartsExclude defines parts to not display in output.
-	PartsExclude []string
-
 	FormatTimestamp     Formatter
 	FormatLevel         Formatter
 	FormatCaller        Formatter
@@ -212,14 +210,6 @@ func (w ConsoleWriter) writeFields(evt map[string]interface{}, buf *bytes.Buffer
 func (w ConsoleWriter) writePart(buf *bytes.Buffer, evt map[string]interface{}, p string) {
 	var f Formatter

-	if w.PartsExclude != nil && len(w.PartsExclude) > 0 {
-		for _, exclude := range w.PartsExclude {
-			if exclude == p {
-				return
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
 	switch p {
 	case LevelFieldName:
 		if w.FormatLevel == nil {
@@ -307,24 +297,9 @@ func consoleDefaultFormatTimestamp(timeFormat string, noColor bool) Formatter {
 				t = ts.Format(timeFormat)
 			}
 		case json.Number:
-			i, err := tt.Int64()
-			if err != nil {
-				t = tt.String()
-			} else {
-				var sec, nsec int64 = i, 0
-				switch TimeFieldFormat {
-				case TimeFormatUnixMs:
-					nsec = int64(time.Duration(i) * time.Millisecond)
-					sec = 0
-				case TimeFormatUnixMicro:
-					nsec = int64(time.Duration(i) * time.Microsecond)
-					sec = 0
-				}
-				ts := time.Unix(sec, nsec).UTC()
-				t = ts.Format(timeFormat)
-			}
+			t = tt.String()
 		}
-		return colorize(t, colorDarkGray, noColor)
+		return colorize(t, colorFaint, noColor)
 	}
 }

@@ -333,8 +308,6 @@ func consoleDefaultFormatLevel(noColor bool) Formatter {
 		var l string
 		if ll, ok := i.(string); ok {
 			switch ll {
-			case "trace":
-				l = colorize("TRC", colorMagenta, noColor)
 			case "debug":
 				l = colorize("DBG", colorYellow, noColor)
 			case "info":
@@ -351,11 +324,7 @@ func consoleDefaultFormatLevel(noColor bool) Formatter {
 				l = colorize("???", colorBold, noColor)
 			}
 		} else {
-			if i == nil {
-				l = colorize("???", colorBold, noColor)
-			} else {
-				l = strings.ToUpper(fmt.Sprintf("%s", i))[0:3]
-			}
+			l = strings.ToUpper(fmt.Sprintf("%s", i))[0:3]
 		}
 		return l
 	}
@@ -368,27 +337,24 @@ func consoleDefaultFormatCaller(noColor bool) Formatter {
 			c = cc
 		}
 		if len(c) > 0 {
-			if cwd, err := os.Getwd(); err == nil {
-				if rel, err := filepath.Rel(cwd, c); err == nil {
-					c = rel
-				}
+			cwd, err := os.Getwd()
+			if err == nil {
+				c = strings.TrimPrefix(c, cwd)
+				c = strings.TrimPrefix(c, "/")
 			}
-			c = colorize(c, colorBold, noColor) + colorize(" >", colorCyan, noColor)
+			c = colorize(c, colorBold, noColor) + colorize(" >", colorFaint, noColor)
 		}
 		return c
 	}
 }

 func consoleDefaultFormatMessage(i interface{}) string {
-	if i == nil {
-		return ""
-	}
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s", i)
 }

 func consoleDefaultFormatFieldName(noColor bool) Formatter {
 	return func(i interface{}) string {
-		return colorize(fmt.Sprintf("%s=", i), colorCyan, noColor)
+		return colorize(fmt.Sprintf("%s=", i), colorFaint, noColor)
 	}
 }

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func TestConsoleWriter(t *testing.T) {
 		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
 		w := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true, PartsOrder: []string{"foo"}}

-		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"foo": "DEFAULT"}`))
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"foo" : "DEFAULT"}`))
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
 		}
@@ -92,12 +92,12 @@ func TestConsoleWriter(t *testing.T) {
 		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
 		w := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: false}

-		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"level": "warn", "message": "Foobar"}`))
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"level" : "warn", "message" : "Foobar"}`))
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
 		}

-		expectedOutput := "\x1b[90m<nil>\x1b[0m \x1b[31mWRN\x1b[0m Foobar\n"
+		expectedOutput := "\x1b[2m<nil>\x1b[0m \x1b[31mWRN\x1b[0m Foobar\n"
 		actualOutput := buf.String()
 		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
 			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ func TestConsoleWriter(t *testing.T) {
 		w := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true}

 		d := time.Unix(0, 0).UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
-		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"time": "` + d + `", "level": "debug", "message": "Foobar", "foo": "bar"}`))
+		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"time" : "` + d + `", "level" : "debug", "message" : "Foobar", "foo" : "bar"}`))
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
 		}
@@ -121,126 +121,12 @@ func TestConsoleWriter(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})

-	t.Run("Unix timestamp input format", func(t *testing.T) {
-		of := zerolog.TimeFieldFormat
-		defer func() {
-			zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = of
-		}()
-		zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnix
-
-		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		w := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, TimeFormat: time.StampMilli, NoColor: true}
-
-		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"time": 1234, "level": "debug", "message": "Foobar", "foo": "bar"}`))
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
-		}
-
-		expectedOutput := "Jan  1 00:20:34.000 DBG Foobar foo=bar\n"
-		actualOutput := buf.String()
-		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
-			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Unix timestamp ms input format", func(t *testing.T) {
-		of := zerolog.TimeFieldFormat
-		defer func() {
-			zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = of
-		}()
-		zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnixMs
-
-		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		w := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, TimeFormat: time.StampMilli, NoColor: true}
-
-		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"time": 1234567, "level": "debug", "message": "Foobar", "foo": "bar"}`))
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
-		}
-
-		expectedOutput := "Jan  1 00:20:34.567 DBG Foobar foo=bar\n"
-		actualOutput := buf.String()
-		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
-			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Unix timestamp us input format", func(t *testing.T) {
-		of := zerolog.TimeFieldFormat
-		defer func() {
-			zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = of
-		}()
-		zerolog.TimeFieldFormat = zerolog.TimeFormatUnixMicro
-
-		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		w := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, TimeFormat: time.StampMicro, NoColor: true}
-
-		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"time": 1234567891, "level": "debug", "message": "Foobar", "foo": "bar"}`))
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
-		}
-
-		expectedOutput := "Jan  1 00:20:34.567891 DBG Foobar foo=bar\n"
-		actualOutput := buf.String()
-		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
-			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("No message field", func(t *testing.T) {
-		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		w := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true}
-
-		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"level": "debug", "foo": "bar"}`))
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
-		}
-
-		expectedOutput := "<nil> DBG  foo=bar\n"
-		actualOutput := buf.String()
-		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
-			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("No level field", func(t *testing.T) {
-		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		w := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true}
-
-		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"message": "Foobar", "foo": "bar"}`))
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
-		}
-
-		expectedOutput := "<nil> ??? Foobar foo=bar\n"
-		actualOutput := buf.String()
-		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
-			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
-		}
-	})
-
-	t.Run("Write colorized fields", func(t *testing.T) {
-		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		w := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: false}
-
-		_, err := w.Write([]byte(`{"level": "warn", "message": "Foobar", "foo": "bar"}`))
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
-		}
-
-		expectedOutput := "\x1b[90m<nil>\x1b[0m \x1b[31mWRN\x1b[0m Foobar \x1b[36mfoo=\x1b[0mbar\n"
-		actualOutput := buf.String()
-		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
-			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
-		}
-	})
-
 	t.Run("Write error field", func(t *testing.T) {
 		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
 		w := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true}

 		d := time.Unix(0, 0).UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
-		evt := `{"time": "` + d + `", "level": "error", "message": "Foobar", "aaa": "bbb", "error": "Error"}`
+		evt := `{"time" : "` + d + `", "level" : "error", "message" : "Foobar", "aaa" : "bbb", "error" : "Error"}`
 		// t.Log(evt)

 		_, err := w.Write([]byte(evt))
@@ -265,7 +151,7 @@ func TestConsoleWriter(t *testing.T) {
 		}

 		d := time.Unix(0, 0).UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
-		evt := `{"time": "` + d + `", "level": "debug", "message": "Foobar", "foo": "bar", "caller": "` + cwd + `/foo/bar.go"}`
+		evt := `{"time" : "` + d + `", "level" : "debug", "message" : "Foobar", "foo" : "bar", "caller" : "` + cwd + `/foo/bar.go"}`
 		// t.Log(evt)

 		_, err = w.Write([]byte(evt))
@@ -284,7 +170,7 @@ func TestConsoleWriter(t *testing.T) {
 		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
 		w := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true}

-		evt := `{"level": "debug", "message": "Foobar", "foo": [1, 2, 3], "bar": true}`
+		evt := `{"level" : "debug", "message" : "Foobar", "foo" : [1, 2, 3], "bar" : true}`
 		// t.Log(evt)

 		_, err := w.Write([]byte(evt))
@@ -306,7 +192,7 @@ func TestConsoleWriterConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
 		w := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true, TimeFormat: time.RFC3339}

 		d := time.Unix(0, 0).UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
-		evt := `{"time": "` + d + `", "level": "info", "message": "Foobar"}`
+		evt := `{"time" : "` + d + `", "level" : "info", "message" : "Foobar"}`

 		_, err := w.Write([]byte(evt))
 		if err != nil {
@@ -324,7 +210,7 @@ func TestConsoleWriterConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
 		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
 		w := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true, PartsOrder: []string{"message", "level"}}

-		evt := `{"level": "info", "message": "Foobar"}`
+		evt := `{"level" : "info", "message" : "Foobar"}`
 		_, err := w.Write([]byte(evt))
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
@@ -336,31 +222,13 @@ func TestConsoleWriterConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
 		}
 	})
-
-	t.Run("Sets PartsExclude", func(t *testing.T) {
-		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
-		w := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: buf, NoColor: true, PartsExclude: []string{"time"}}
-
-		d := time.Unix(0, 0).UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
-		evt := `{"time": "` + d + `", "level": "info", "message": "Foobar"}`
-		_, err := w.Write([]byte(evt))
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("Unexpected error when writing output: %s", err)
-		}
-
-		expectedOutput := "INF Foobar\n"
-		actualOutput := buf.String()
-		if actualOutput != expectedOutput {
-			t.Errorf("Unexpected output %q, want: %q", actualOutput, expectedOutput)
-		}
-	})
 }

 func BenchmarkConsoleWriter(b *testing.B) {
 	b.ResetTimer()
 	b.ReportAllocs()

-	var msg = []byte(`{"level": "info", "foo": "bar", "message": "HELLO", "time": "1990-01-01"}`)
+	var msg = []byte(`{"level" : "info", "foo" : "bar", "message" : "HELLO", "time" : "1990-01-01"}`)

 	w := zerolog.ConsoleWriter{Out: ioutil.Discard, NoColor: false}

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 package zerolog

 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
-	"math"
 	"net"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -82,17 +80,6 @@ func (c Context) Strs(key string, vals []string) Context {
 	return c
 }

-// Stringer adds the field key with val.String() (or null if val is nil) to the logger context.
-func (c Context) Stringer(key string, val fmt.Stringer) Context {
-	if val != nil {
-		c.l.context = enc.AppendString(enc.AppendKey(c.l.context, key), val.String())
-		return c
-	}
-
-	c.l.context = enc.AppendInterface(enc.AppendKey(c.l.context, key), nil)
-	return c
-}
-
 // Bytes adds the field key with val as a []byte to the logger context.
 func (c Context) Bytes(key string, val []byte) Context {
 	c.l.context = enc.AppendBytes(enc.AppendKey(c.l.context, key), val)
@@ -116,17 +103,14 @@ func (c Context) RawJSON(key string, b []byte) Context {

 // AnErr adds the field key with serialized err to the logger context.
 func (c Context) AnErr(key string, err error) Context {
-	switch m := ErrorMarshalFunc(err).(type) {
+	marshaled := ErrorMarshalFunc(err)
+	switch m := marshaled.(type) {
 	case nil:
 		return c
 	case LogObjectMarshaler:
 		return c.Object(key, m)
 	case error:
-		if m == nil || isNilValue(m) {
-			return c
-		} else {
-			return c.Str(key, m.Error())
-		}
+		return c.Str(key, m.Error())
 	case string:
 		return c.Str(key, m)
 	default:
@@ -139,15 +123,12 @@ func (c Context) AnErr(key string, err error) Context {
 func (c Context) Errs(key string, errs []error) Context {
 	arr := Arr()
 	for _, err := range errs {
-		switch m := ErrorMarshalFunc(err).(type) {
+		marshaled := ErrorMarshalFunc(err)
+		switch m := marshaled.(type) {
 		case LogObjectMarshaler:
 			arr = arr.Object(m)
 		case error:
-			if m == nil || isNilValue(m) {
-				arr = arr.Interface(nil)
-			} else {
-				arr = arr.Str(m.Error())
-			}
+			arr = arr.Str(m.Error())
 		case string:
 			arr = arr.Str(m)
 		default:
@@ -366,31 +347,14 @@ func (c Context) Interface(key string, i interface{}) Context {
 	return c
 }

-type callerHook struct {
-	callerSkipFrameCount int
-}
-
-func newCallerHook(skipFrameCount int) callerHook {
-	return callerHook{callerSkipFrameCount: skipFrameCount}
-}
+type callerHook struct{}

 func (ch callerHook) Run(e *Event, level Level, msg string) {
-	switch ch.callerSkipFrameCount {
-	case useGlobalSkipFrameCount:
-		// Extra frames to skip (added by hook infra).
-		e.caller(CallerSkipFrameCount + contextCallerSkipFrameCount)
-	default:
-		// Extra frames to skip (added by hook infra).
-		e.caller(ch.callerSkipFrameCount + contextCallerSkipFrameCount)
-	}
+	// Three extra frames to skip (added by hook infra).
+	e.caller(CallerSkipFrameCount + 3)
 }

-// useGlobalSkipFrameCount acts as a flag to informat callerHook.Run
-// to use the global CallerSkipFrameCount.
-const useGlobalSkipFrameCount = math.MinInt32
-
-// ch is the default caller hook using the global CallerSkipFrameCount.
-var ch = newCallerHook(useGlobalSkipFrameCount)
+var ch = callerHook{}

 // Caller adds the file:line of the caller with the zerolog.CallerFieldName key.
 func (c Context) Caller() Context {
@@ -398,17 +362,17 @@ func (c Context) Caller() Context {
 	return c
 }

-// CallerWithSkipFrameCount adds the file:line of the caller with the zerolog.CallerFieldName key.
-// The specified skipFrameCount int will override the global CallerSkipFrameCount for this context's respective logger.
-// If set to -1 the global CallerSkipFrameCount will be used.
-func (c Context) CallerWithSkipFrameCount(skipFrameCount int) Context {
-	c.l = c.l.Hook(newCallerHook(skipFrameCount))
-	return c
+type stackTraceHook struct{}
+
+func (sh stackTraceHook) Run(e *Event, level Level, msg string) {
+	e.Stack()
 }

+var sh = stackTraceHook{}
+
 // Stack enables stack trace printing for the error passed to Err().
 func (c Context) Stack() Context {
-	c.l.stack = true
+	c.l = c.l.Hook(sh)
 	return c
 }

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 var disabledLogger *Logger

 func init() {
-	SetGlobalLevel(TraceLevel)
 	l := Nop()
 	disabledLogger = &l
 }
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ type Writer struct {
 // used.
 //
 // See code.cloudfoundry.org/go-diodes for more info on diode.
-func NewWriter(w io.Writer, size int, pollInterval time.Duration, f Alerter) Writer {
+func NewWriter(w io.Writer, size int, poolInterval time.Duration, f Alerter) Writer {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	dw := Writer{
 		w:    w,
@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ func NewWriter(w io.Writer, size int, pollInterval time.Duration, f Alerter) Wri
 		f = func(int) {}
 	}
 	d := diodes.NewManyToOne(size, diodes.AlertFunc(f))
-	if pollInterval > 0 {
+	if poolInterval > 0 {
 		dw.d = diodes.NewPoller(d,
-			diodes.WithPollingInterval(pollInterval),
+			diodes.WithPollingInterval(poolInterval),
 			diodes.WithPollingContext(ctx))
 	} else {
 		dw.d = diodes.NewWaiter(d,
@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ import (
 // ManyToOne diode is optimal for many writers (go-routines B-n) and a single
 // reader (go-routine A). It is not thread safe for multiple readers.
 type ManyToOne struct {
+	buffer     []unsafe.Pointer
 	writeIndex uint64
 	readIndex  uint64
-	buffer     []unsafe.Pointer
 	alerter    Alerter
 }

@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ type bucket struct {
 // OneToOne diode is meant to be used by a single reader and a single writer.
 // It is not thread safe if used otherwise.
 type OneToOne struct {
+	buffer     []unsafe.Pointer
 	writeIndex uint64
 	readIndex  uint64
-	buffer     []unsafe.Pointer
 	alerter    Alerter
 }

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -61,7 +62,6 @@ func newEvent(w LevelWriter, level Level) *Event {
 	e.buf = enc.AppendBeginMarker(e.buf)
 	e.w = w
 	e.level = level
-	e.stack = false
 	return e
 }

@@ -106,20 +106,10 @@ func (e *Event) Msg(msg string) {
 	e.msg(msg)
 }

-// Send is equivalent to calling Msg("").
+// Msgf sends the event with formated msg added as the message field if not empty.
 //
-// NOTICE: once this method is called, the *Event should be disposed.
-func (e *Event) Send() {
-	if e == nil {
-		return
-	}
-	e.msg("")
-}
-
-// Msgf sends the event with formatted msg added as the message field if not empty.
-//
-// NOTICE: once this method is called, the *Event should be disposed.
-// Calling Msgf twice can have unexpected result.
+// NOTICE: once this methid is called, the *Event should be disposed.
+// Calling Msg twice can have unexpected result.
 func (e *Event) Msgf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
 	if e == nil {
 		return
@@ -128,8 +118,13 @@ func (e *Event) Msgf(format string, v ...interface{}) {
 }

 func (e *Event) msg(msg string) {
-	for _, hook := range e.ch {
-		hook.Run(e, e.level, msg)
+	if len(e.ch) > 0 {
+		e.ch[0].Run(e, e.level, msg)
+		if len(e.ch) > 1 {
+			for _, hook := range e.ch[1:] {
+				hook.Run(e, e.level, msg)
+			}
+		}
 	}
 	if msg != "" {
 		e.buf = enc.AppendString(enc.AppendKey(e.buf, MessageFieldName), msg)
@@ -209,7 +204,7 @@ func (e *Event) Object(key string, obj LogObjectMarshaler) *Event {
 	return e
 }

-// EmbedObject marshals an object that implement the LogObjectMarshaler interface.
+// Object marshals an object that implement the LogObjectMarshaler interface.
 func (e *Event) EmbedObject(obj LogObjectMarshaler) *Event {
 	if e == nil {
 		return e
@@ -236,21 +231,6 @@ func (e *Event) Strs(key string, vals []string) *Event {
 	return e
 }

-// Stringer adds the field key with val.String() (or null if val is nil) to the *Event context.
-func (e *Event) Stringer(key string, val fmt.Stringer) *Event {
-	if e == nil {
-		return e
-	}
-
-	if val != nil {
-		e.buf = enc.AppendString(enc.AppendKey(e.buf, key), val.String())
-		return e
-	}
-
-	e.buf = enc.AppendInterface(enc.AppendKey(e.buf, key), nil)
-	return e
-}
-
 // Bytes adds the field key with val as a string to the *Event context.
 //
 // Runes outside of normal ASCII ranges will be hex-encoded in the resulting
@@ -296,11 +276,7 @@ func (e *Event) AnErr(key string, err error) *Event {
 	case LogObjectMarshaler:
 		return e.Object(key, m)
 	case error:
-		if m == nil || isNilValue(m) {
-			return e
-		} else {
-			return e.Str(key, m.Error())
-		}
+		return e.Str(key, m.Error())
 	case string:
 		return e.Str(key, m)
 	default:
@@ -333,6 +309,7 @@ func (e *Event) Errs(key string, errs []error) *Event {

 // Err adds the field "error" with serialized err to the *Event context.
 // If err is nil, no field is added.
+// To customize the key name, change zerolog.ErrorFieldName.
 //
 // To customize the key name, change zerolog.ErrorFieldName.
 //
@@ -349,9 +326,7 @@ func (e *Event) Err(err error) *Event {
 		case LogObjectMarshaler:
 			e.Object(ErrorStackFieldName, m)
 		case error:
-			if m != nil && !isNilValue(m) {
-				e.Str(ErrorStackFieldName, m.Error())
-			}
+			e.Str(ErrorStackFieldName, m.Error())
 		case string:
 			e.Str(ErrorStackFieldName, m)
 		default:
@@ -686,14 +661,8 @@ func (e *Event) Interface(key string, i interface{}) *Event {
 }

 // Caller adds the file:line of the caller with the zerolog.CallerFieldName key.
-// The argument skip is the number of stack frames to ascend
-// Skip If not passed, use the global variable CallerSkipFrameCount
-func (e *Event) Caller(skip ...int) *Event {
-	sk := CallerSkipFrameCount
-	if len(skip) > 0 {
-		sk = skip[0] + CallerSkipFrameCount
-	}
-	return e.caller(sk)
+func (e *Event) Caller() *Event {
+	return e.caller(CallerSkipFrameCount)
 }

 func (e *Event) caller(skip int) *Event {
@@ -704,7 +673,7 @@ func (e *Event) caller(skip int) *Event {
 	if !ok {
 		return e
 	}
-	e.buf = enc.AppendString(enc.AppendKey(e.buf, CallerFieldName), CallerMarshalFunc(file, line))
+	e.buf = enc.AppendString(enc.AppendKey(e.buf, CallerFieldName), file+":"+strconv.Itoa(line))
 	return e
 }

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-// +build !binary_log
-
-package zerolog
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"errors"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-type nilError struct{}
-
-func (nilError) Error() string {
-	return ""
-}
-
-func TestEvent_AnErr(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name string
-		err  error
-		want string
-	}{
-		{"nil", nil, `{}`},
-		{"error", errors.New("test"), `{"err":"test"}`},
-		{"nil interface", func() *nilError { return nil }(), `{}`},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			var buf bytes.Buffer
-			e := newEvent(levelWriterAdapter{&buf}, DebugLevel)
-			e.AnErr("err", tt.err)
-			_ = e.write()
-			if got, want := strings.TrimSpace(buf.String()), tt.want; got != want {
-				t.Errorf("Event.AnErr() = %v, want %v", got, want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
@@ -4,13 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"sort"
 	"time"
-	"unsafe"
 )

-func isNilValue(i interface{}) bool {
-	return (*[2]uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(&i))[1] == 0
-}
-
 func appendFields(dst []byte, fields map[string]interface{}) []byte {
 	keys := make([]string, 0, len(fields))
 	for key := range fields {
@@ -34,7 +29,8 @@ func appendFields(dst []byte, fields map[string]interface{}) []byte {
 		case []byte:
 			dst = enc.AppendBytes(dst, val)
 		case error:
-			switch m := ErrorMarshalFunc(val).(type) {
+			marshaled := ErrorMarshalFunc(val)
+			switch m := marshaled.(type) {
 			case LogObjectMarshaler:
 				e := newEvent(nil, 0)
 				e.buf = e.buf[:0]
@@ -42,11 +38,7 @@ func appendFields(dst []byte, fields map[string]interface{}) []byte {
 				dst = append(dst, e.buf...)
 				putEvent(e)
 			case error:
-				if m == nil || isNilValue(m) {
-					dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
-				} else {
-					dst = enc.AppendString(dst, m.Error())
-				}
+				dst = enc.AppendString(dst, m.Error())
 			case string:
 				dst = enc.AppendString(dst, m)
 			default:
@@ -55,7 +47,8 @@ func appendFields(dst []byte, fields map[string]interface{}) []byte {
 		case []error:
 			dst = enc.AppendArrayStart(dst)
 			for i, err := range val {
-				switch m := ErrorMarshalFunc(err).(type) {
+				marshaled := ErrorMarshalFunc(err)
+				switch m := marshaled.(type) {
 				case LogObjectMarshaler:
 					e := newEvent(nil, 0)
 					e.buf = e.buf[:0]
@@ -63,11 +56,7 @@ func appendFields(dst []byte, fields map[string]interface{}) []byte {
 					dst = append(dst, e.buf...)
 					putEvent(e)
 				case error:
-					if m == nil || isNilValue(m) {
-						dst = enc.AppendNil(dst)
-					} else {
-						dst = enc.AppendString(dst, m.Error())
-					}
+					dst = enc.AppendString(dst, m.Error())
 				case string:
 					dst = enc.AppendString(dst, m)
 				default:
@@ -1,24 +1,7 @@
 package zerolog

-import (
-	"strconv"
-	"sync/atomic"
-	"time"
-)
-
-const (
-	// TimeFormatUnix defines a time format that makes time fields to be
-	// serialized as Unix timestamp integers.
-	TimeFormatUnix = ""
-
-	// TimeFormatUnixMs defines a time format that makes time fields to be
-	// serialized as Unix timestamp integers in milliseconds.
-	TimeFormatUnixMs = "UNIXMS"
-
-	// TimeFormatUnixMicro defines a time format that makes time fields to be
-	// serialized as Unix timestamp integers in microseconds.
-	TimeFormatUnixMicro = "UNIXMICRO"
-)
+import "time"
+import "sync/atomic"

 var (
 	// TimestampFieldName is the field name used for the timestamp field.
@@ -27,11 +10,6 @@ var (
 	// LevelFieldName is the field name used for the level field.
 	LevelFieldName = "level"

-	// LevelFieldMarshalFunc allows customization of global level field marshaling
-	LevelFieldMarshalFunc = func(l Level) string {
-		return l.String()
-	}
-
 	// MessageFieldName is the field name used for the message field.
 	MessageFieldName = "message"

@@ -44,11 +22,6 @@ var (
 	// CallerSkipFrameCount is the number of stack frames to skip to find the caller.
 	CallerSkipFrameCount = 2

-	// CallerMarshalFunc allows customization of global caller marshaling
-	CallerMarshalFunc = func(file string, line int) string {
-		return file + ":" + strconv.Itoa(line)
-	}
-
 	// ErrorStackFieldName is the field name used for error stacks.
 	ErrorStackFieldName = "stack"

@@ -60,9 +33,9 @@ var (
 		return err
 	}

-	// TimeFieldFormat defines the time format of the Time field type. If set to
-	// TimeFormatUnix, TimeFormatUnixMs or TimeFormatUnixMicro, the time is formatted as an UNIX
-	// timestamp as integer.
+	// TimeFieldFormat defines the time format of the Time field type.
+	// If set to an empty string, the time is formatted as an UNIX timestamp
+	// as integer.
 	TimeFieldFormat = time.RFC3339

 	// TimestampFunc defines the function called to generate a timestamp.
@@ -83,8 +56,8 @@ var (
 )

 var (
-	gLevel          = new(int32)
-	disableSampling = new(int32)
+	gLevel          = new(uint32)
+	disableSampling = new(uint32)
 )

 // SetGlobalLevel sets the global override for log level. If this
@@ -92,23 +65,23 @@ var (
 //
 // To globally disable logs, set GlobalLevel to Disabled.
 func SetGlobalLevel(l Level) {
-	atomic.StoreInt32(gLevel, int32(l))
+	atomic.StoreUint32(gLevel, uint32(l))
 }

 // GlobalLevel returns the current global log level
 func GlobalLevel() Level {
-	return Level(atomic.LoadInt32(gLevel))
+	return Level(atomic.LoadUint32(gLevel))
 }

 // DisableSampling will disable sampling in all Loggers if true.
 func DisableSampling(v bool) {
-	var i int32
+	var i uint32
 	if v {
 		i = 1
 	}
-	atomic.StoreInt32(disableSampling, i)
+	atomic.StoreUint32(disableSampling, i)
 }

 func samplingDisabled() bool {
-	return atomic.LoadInt32(disableSampling) == 1
+	return atomic.LoadUint32(disableSampling) == 1
 }
@@ -1,8 +1 @@
 module github.com/rs/zerolog
-
-require (
-	github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20190321100706-95778dfbb74e
-	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1
-	github.com/rs/xid v1.2.1
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.1.0
-)
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20190321100706-95778dfbb74e h1:Wf6HqHfScWJN9/ZjdUKyjop4mf3Qdd+1TvvltAvM3m8=
-github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20190321100706-95778dfbb74e/go.mod h1:F5haX7vjVVG0kc13fIWeqUViNPyEJxv/OmvnBo0Yme4=
-github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 h1:FEBLx1zS214owpjy7qsBeixbURkuhQAwrK5UwLGTwt4=
-github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
-github.com/rs/xid v1.2.1 h1:mhH9Nq+C1fY2l1XIpgxIiUOfNpRBYH1kKcr+qfKgjRc=
-github.com/rs/xid v1.2.1/go.mod h1:+uKXf+4Djp6Md1KODXJxgGQPKngRmWyn10oCKFzNHOQ=
-github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.2.1/go.mod h1:3hX8gzYuyVAZsxl0MRgGTJEmQBFcNTphYh9decYSb74=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.3.0 h1:RM4zey1++hCTbCVQfnWeKs9/IEsaBLA8vTkd0WVtmH4=
-golang.org/x/mod v0.3.0/go.mod h1:s0Qsj1ACt9ePp/hMypM3fl4fZqREWJwdYDEqhRiZZUA=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190404232315-eb5bcb51f2a3/go.mod h1:t9HGtf8HONx5eT2rtn7q6eTqICYqUVnKs3thJo3Qplg=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190620200207-3b0461eec859/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20201021035429-f5854403a974/go.mod h1:sp8m0HH+o8qH0wwXwYZr8TS3Oi6o0r6Gce1SSxlDquU=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190412213103-97732733099d/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210119212857-b64e53b001e4 h1:myAQVi0cGEoqQVR5POX+8RR2mrocKqNN1hmeMqhX27k=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210119212857-b64e53b001e4/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
-golang.org/x/text v0.3.3/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191119224855-298f0cb1881e/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.1.0 h1:po9/4sTYwZU9lPhi1tOrb4hCv3qrhiQ77LZfGa2OjwY=
-golang.org/x/tools v0.1.0/go.mod h1:xkSsbof2nBLbhDlRMhhhyNLN/zl3eTqcnHD5viDpcZ0=
-golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1 h1:go1bK/D/BFZV2I8cIQd1NKEZ+0owSTG1fDTci4IqFcE=
-golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-// +build go1.12
-
-package zerolog
-
-// Since go 1.12, some auto generated init functions are hidden from
-// runtime.Caller.
-const contextCallerSkipFrameCount = 2
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ import (

 	"github.com/rs/xid"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog/hlog/internal/mutil"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
+	"github.com/zenazn/goji/web/mutil"
 )

 // FromRequest gets the logger in the request's context.
@@ -138,11 +138,6 @@ func IDFromCtx(ctx context.Context) (id xid.ID, ok bool) {
 	return
 }

-// CtxWithID adds the given xid.ID to the context
-func CtxWithID(ctx context.Context, id xid.ID) context.Context {
-	return context.WithValue(ctx, idKey{}, id)
-}
-
 // RequestIDHandler returns a handler setting a unique id to the request which can
 // be gathered using IDFromRequest(req). This generated id is added as a field to the
 // logger using the passed fieldKey as field name. The id is also added as a response
@@ -159,7 +154,7 @@ func RequestIDHandler(fieldKey, headerName string) func(next http.Handler) http.
 			id, ok := IDFromRequest(r)
 			if !ok {
 				id = xid.New()
-				ctx = CtxWithID(ctx, id)
+				ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, idKey{}, id)
 				r = r.WithContext(ctx)
 			}
 			if fieldKey != "" {
@@ -176,22 +171,6 @@ func RequestIDHandler(fieldKey, headerName string) func(next http.Handler) http.
 	}
 }

-// CustomHeaderHandler adds given header from request's header as a field to
-// the context's logger using fieldKey as field key.
-func CustomHeaderHandler(fieldKey, header string) func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
-	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
-		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-			if val := r.Header.Get(header); val != "" {
-				log := zerolog.Ctx(r.Context())
-				log.UpdateContext(func(c zerolog.Context) zerolog.Context {
-					return c.Str(fieldKey, val)
-				})
-			}
-			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
-		})
-	}
-}
-
 // AccessHandler returns a handler that call f after each request.
 func AccessHandler(f func(r *http.Request, status, size int, duration time.Duration)) func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
 	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@ package hlog

 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
 	"net/url"
-	"reflect"
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/rs/xid"
+	"reflect"
+
+	"net/http/httptest"
+
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/internal/cbor"
 )
@@ -182,24 +182,6 @@ func TestRequestIDHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	h.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), r)
 }

-func TestCustomHeaderHandler(t *testing.T) {
-	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
-	r := &http.Request{
-		Header: http.Header{
-			"X-Request-Id": []string{"514bbe5bb5251c92bd07a9846f4a1ab6"},
-		},
-	}
-	h := CustomHeaderHandler("reqID", "X-Request-Id")(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		l := FromRequest(r)
-		l.Log().Msg("")
-	}))
-	h = NewHandler(zerolog.New(out))(h)
-	h.ServeHTTP(nil, r)
-	if want, got := `{"reqID":"514bbe5bb5251c92bd07a9846f4a1ab6"}`+"\n", decodeIfBinary(out); want != got {
-		t.Errorf("Invalid log output, got: %s, want: %s", got, want)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestCombinedHandlers(t *testing.T) {
 	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	r := &http.Request{
@@ -262,16 +244,3 @@ func BenchmarkDataRace(b *testing.B) {
 		}
 	})
 }
-
-func TestCtxWithID(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-
-	id, _ := xid.FromString(`c0umremcie6smuu506pg`)
-
-	want := context.Background()
-	want = context.WithValue(want, idKey{}, id)
-
-	if got := CtxWithID(ctx, id); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
-		t.Errorf("CtxWithID() = %v, want %v", got, want)
-	}
-}
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-Copyright (c) 2014, 2015, 2016 Carl Jackson (carl@avtok.com)
-
-MIT License
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
-this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
-the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
-use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
-the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
-subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
-copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
-FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
-COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
-IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
-CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-// Package mutil contains various functions that are helpful when writing http
-// middleware.
-//
-// It has been vendored from Goji v1.0, with the exception of the code for Go 1.8:
-// https://github.com/zenazn/goji/
-package mutil
@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-package mutil
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"io"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-)
-
-// WriterProxy is a proxy around an http.ResponseWriter that allows you to hook
-// into various parts of the response process.
-type WriterProxy interface {
-	http.ResponseWriter
-	// Status returns the HTTP status of the request, or 0 if one has not
-	// yet been sent.
-	Status() int
-	// BytesWritten returns the total number of bytes sent to the client.
-	BytesWritten() int
-	// Tee causes the response body to be written to the given io.Writer in
-	// addition to proxying the writes through. Only one io.Writer can be
-	// tee'd to at once: setting a second one will overwrite the first.
-	// Writes will be sent to the proxy before being written to this
-	// io.Writer. It is illegal for the tee'd writer to be modified
-	// concurrently with writes.
-	Tee(io.Writer)
-	// Unwrap returns the original proxied target.
-	Unwrap() http.ResponseWriter
-}
-
-// WrapWriter wraps an http.ResponseWriter, returning a proxy that allows you to
-// hook into various parts of the response process.
-func WrapWriter(w http.ResponseWriter) WriterProxy {
-	_, cn := w.(http.CloseNotifier)
-	_, fl := w.(http.Flusher)
-	_, hj := w.(http.Hijacker)
-	_, rf := w.(io.ReaderFrom)
-
-	bw := basicWriter{ResponseWriter: w}
-	if cn && fl && hj && rf {
-		return &fancyWriter{bw}
-	}
-	if fl {
-		return &flushWriter{bw}
-	}
-	return &bw
-}
-
-// basicWriter wraps a http.ResponseWriter that implements the minimal
-// http.ResponseWriter interface.
-type basicWriter struct {
-	http.ResponseWriter
-	wroteHeader bool
-	code        int
-	bytes       int
-	tee         io.Writer
-}
-
-func (b *basicWriter) WriteHeader(code int) {
-	if !b.wroteHeader {
-		b.code = code
-		b.wroteHeader = true
-		b.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(code)
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *basicWriter) Write(buf []byte) (int, error) {
-	b.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-	n, err := b.ResponseWriter.Write(buf)
-	if b.tee != nil {
-		_, err2 := b.tee.Write(buf[:n])
-		// Prefer errors generated by the proxied writer.
-		if err == nil {
-			err = err2
-		}
-	}
-	b.bytes += n
-	return n, err
-}
-
-func (b *basicWriter) maybeWriteHeader() {
-	if !b.wroteHeader {
-		b.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *basicWriter) Status() int {
-	return b.code
-}
-
-func (b *basicWriter) BytesWritten() int {
-	return b.bytes
-}
-
-func (b *basicWriter) Tee(w io.Writer) {
-	b.tee = w
-}
-
-func (b *basicWriter) Unwrap() http.ResponseWriter {
-	return b.ResponseWriter
-}
-
-// fancyWriter is a writer that additionally satisfies http.CloseNotifier,
-// http.Flusher, http.Hijacker, and io.ReaderFrom. It exists for the common case
-// of wrapping the http.ResponseWriter that package http gives you, in order to
-// make the proxied object support the full method set of the proxied object.
-type fancyWriter struct {
-	basicWriter
-}
-
-func (f *fancyWriter) CloseNotify() <-chan bool {
-	cn := f.basicWriter.ResponseWriter.(http.CloseNotifier)
-	return cn.CloseNotify()
-}
-
-func (f *fancyWriter) Flush() {
-	fl := f.basicWriter.ResponseWriter.(http.Flusher)
-	fl.Flush()
-}
-
-func (f *fancyWriter) Hijack() (net.Conn, *bufio.ReadWriter, error) {
-	hj := f.basicWriter.ResponseWriter.(http.Hijacker)
-	return hj.Hijack()
-}
-
-func (f *fancyWriter) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (int64, error) {
-	if f.basicWriter.tee != nil {
-		return io.Copy(&f.basicWriter, r)
-	}
-	rf := f.basicWriter.ResponseWriter.(io.ReaderFrom)
-	f.basicWriter.maybeWriteHeader()
-	return rf.ReadFrom(r)
-}
-
-type flushWriter struct {
-	basicWriter
-}
-
-func (f *flushWriter) Flush() {
-	fl := f.basicWriter.ResponseWriter.(http.Flusher)
-	fl.Flush()
-}
-
-var (
-	_ http.CloseNotifier = &fancyWriter{}
-	_ http.Flusher       = &fancyWriter{}
-	_ http.Hijacker      = &fancyWriter{}
-	_ io.ReaderFrom      = &fancyWriter{}
-	_ http.Flusher       = &flushWriter{}
-)
@@ -17,16 +17,12 @@ func (h HookFunc) Run(e *Event, level Level, message string) {

 // LevelHook applies a different hook for each level.
 type LevelHook struct {
-	NoLevelHook, TraceHook, DebugHook, InfoHook, WarnHook, ErrorHook, FatalHook, PanicHook Hook
+	NoLevelHook, DebugHook, InfoHook, WarnHook, ErrorHook, FatalHook, PanicHook Hook
 }

 // Run implements the Hook interface.
 func (h LevelHook) Run(e *Event, level Level, message string) {
 	switch level {
-	case TraceLevel:
-		if h.TraceHook != nil {
-			h.TraceHook.Run(e, level, message)
-		}
 	case DebugLevel:
 		if h.DebugHook != nil {
 			h.DebugHook.Run(e, level, message)
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ func (Encoder) AppendEndMarker(dst []byte) []byte {

 // AppendObjectData takes an object in form of a byte array and appends to dst.
 func (Encoder) AppendObjectData(dst []byte, o []byte) []byte {
-	// BeginMarker is present in the dst, which
-	// should not be copied when appending to existing data.
-	return append(dst, o[1:]...)
+        // BeginMarker is present in the dst, which
+        // should not be copied when appending to existing data.
+        return append(dst, o[1:]...)
 }

 // AppendArrayStart adds markers to indicate the start of an array.
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-// +build !386
-
-package cbor
-
-import (
-	"encoding/hex"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-var enc2 = Encoder{}
-
-var integerTestCases_64bit = []struct {
-	val    int
-	binary string
-}{
-	// Value in 8 bytes.
-	{0xabcd100000000, "\x1b\x00\x0a\xbc\xd1\x00\x00\x00\x00"},
-	{1000000000000, "\x1b\x00\x00\x00\xe8\xd4\xa5\x10\x00"},
-	// Value in 8 bytes.
-	{-0xabcd100000001, "\x3b\x00\x0a\xbc\xd1\x00\x00\x00\x00"},
-	{-1000000000001, "\x3b\x00\x00\x00\xe8\xd4\xa5\x10\x00"},
-}
-
-func TestAppendInt_64bit(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, tc := range integerTestCases_64bit {
-		s := enc2.AppendInt([]byte{}, tc.val)
-		got := string(s)
-		if got != tc.binary {
-			t.Errorf("AppendInt(0x%x)=0x%s, want: 0x%s",
-				tc.val, hex.EncodeToString(s),
-				hex.EncodeToString([]byte(tc.binary)))
-		}
-	}
-}
@@ -88,8 +88,11 @@ var integerTestCases = []struct {
 	{0xFFFF, "\x19\xff\xff"},
 	// Value in 4 bytes.
 	{0x10000, "\x1a\x00\x01\x00\x00"},
-	{0x7FFFFFFE, "\x1a\x7f\xff\xff\xfe"},
+	{0xFFFFFFFE, "\x1a\xff\xff\xff\xfe"},
 	{1000000, "\x1a\x00\x0f\x42\x40"},
+	// Value in 8 bytes.
+	{0xabcd100000000, "\x1b\x00\x0a\xbc\xd1\x00\x00\x00\x00"},
+	{1000000000000, "\x1b\x00\x00\x00\xe8\xd4\xa5\x10\x00"},
 	// Negative number test cases.
 	// Value included in the type.
 	{-1, "\x20"},
@@ -113,9 +116,11 @@ var integerTestCases = []struct {
 	{-1000, "\x39\x03\xe7"},
 	// Value in 4 bytes.
 	{-0x10001, "\x3a\x00\x01\x00\x00"},
-	{-0x7FFFFFFE, "\x3a\x7f\xff\xff\xfd"},
+	{-0xFFFFFFFE, "\x3a\xff\xff\xff\xfd"},
 	{-1000000, "\x3a\x00\x0f\x42\x3f"},
-
+	// Value in 8 bytes.
+	{-0xabcd100000001, "\x3b\x00\x0a\xbc\xd1\x00\x00\x00\x00"},
+	{-1000000000001, "\x3b\x00\x00\x00\xe8\xd4\xa5\x10\x00"},
 }

 func TestAppendInt(t *testing.T) {
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ type Encoder struct{}

 // AppendKey appends a new key to the output JSON.
 func (e Encoder) AppendKey(dst []byte, key string) []byte {
-	if dst[len(dst)-1] != '{' {
+	if len(dst) > 1 && dst[len(dst)-1] != '{' {
 		dst = append(dst, ',')
 	}
-	return append(e.AppendString(dst, key), ':')
-}
+	dst = e.AppendString(dst, key)
+	return append(dst, ':')
+}
@@ -5,23 +5,11 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )

-const (
-	// Import from zerolog/global.go
-	timeFormatUnix   = ""
-	timeFormatUnixMs = "UNIXMS"
-	timeFormatUnixMicro = "UNIXMICRO"
-)
-
 // AppendTime formats the input time with the given format
 // and appends the encoded string to the input byte slice.
 func (e Encoder) AppendTime(dst []byte, t time.Time, format string) []byte {
-	switch format {
-	case timeFormatUnix:
+	if format == "" {
 		return e.AppendInt64(dst, t.Unix())
-	case timeFormatUnixMs:
-		return e.AppendInt64(dst, t.UnixNano()/1000000)
-	case timeFormatUnixMicro:
-		return e.AppendInt64(dst, t.UnixNano()/1000)
 	}
 	return append(t.AppendFormat(append(dst, '"'), format), '"')
 }
@@ -29,11 +17,8 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendTime(dst []byte, t time.Time, format string) []byte {
 // AppendTimes converts the input times with the given format
 // and appends the encoded string list to the input byte slice.
 func (Encoder) AppendTimes(dst []byte, vals []time.Time, format string) []byte {
-	switch format {
-	case timeFormatUnix:
+	if format == "" {
 		return appendUnixTimes(dst, vals)
-	case timeFormatUnixMs:
-		return appendUnixMsTimes(dst, vals)
 	}
 	if len(vals) == 0 {
 		return append(dst, '[', ']')
@@ -64,21 +49,6 @@ func appendUnixTimes(dst []byte, vals []time.Time) []byte {
 	return dst
 }

-func appendUnixMsTimes(dst []byte, vals []time.Time) []byte {
-	if len(vals) == 0 {
-		return append(dst, '[', ']')
-	}
-	dst = append(dst, '[')
-	dst = strconv.AppendInt(dst, vals[0].UnixNano()/1000000, 10)
-	if len(vals) > 1 {
-		for _, t := range vals[1:] {
-			dst = strconv.AppendInt(append(dst, ','), t.UnixNano()/1000000, 10)
-		}
-	}
-	dst = append(dst, ']')
-	return dst
-}
-
 // AppendDuration formats the input duration with the given unit & format
 // and appends the encoded string to the input byte slice.
 func (e Encoder) AppendDuration(dst []byte, d time.Duration, unit time.Duration, useInt bool) []byte {
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ func (Encoder) AppendFloats64(dst []byte, vals []float64) []byte {
 		return append(dst, '[', ']')
 	}
 	dst = append(dst, '[')
-	dst = appendFloat(dst, vals[0], 64)
+	dst = appendFloat(dst, vals[0], 32)
 	if len(vals) > 1 {
 		for _, val := range vals[1:] {
 			dst = appendFloat(append(dst, ','), val, 64)
@@ -373,16 +373,12 @@ func (e Encoder) AppendInterface(dst []byte, i interface{}) []byte {
 // AppendObjectData takes in an object that is already in a byte array
 // and adds it to the dst.
 func (Encoder) AppendObjectData(dst []byte, o []byte) []byte {
-	// Three conditions apply here:
-	// 1. new content starts with '{' - which should be dropped   OR
-	// 2. new content starts with '{' - which should be replaced with ','
-	//    to separate with existing content OR
-	// 3. existing content has already other fields
+	// Two conditions we want to put a ',' between existing content and
+	// new content:
+	// 1. new content starts with '{' - which shd be dropped   OR
+	// 2. existing content has already other fields
 	if o[0] == '{' {
-		if len(dst) > 1 {
-			dst = append(dst, ',')
-		}
-		o = o[1:]
+		o[0] = ','
 	} else if len(dst) > 1 {
 		dst = append(dst, ',')
 	}
@@ -165,23 +165,3 @@ func Test_appendMac(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
-
-func Test_appendObjectData(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		dst  []byte
-		obj  []byte
-		want []byte
-	}{
-		{[]byte{}, []byte(`{"foo":"bar"}`), []byte(`"foo":"bar"}`)},
-		{[]byte(`{"qux":"quz"`), []byte(`{"foo":"bar"}`), []byte(`{"qux":"quz","foo":"bar"}`)},
-		{[]byte{}, []byte(`"foo":"bar"`), []byte(`"foo":"bar"`)},
-		{[]byte(`{"qux":"quz"`), []byte(`"foo":"bar"`), []byte(`{"qux":"quz","foo":"bar"`)},
-	}
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		t.Run("ObjectData", func(t *testing.T) {
-			if got := enc.AppendObjectData(tt.dst, tt.obj); !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.want) {
-				t.Errorf("appendObjectData() = %s, want %s", got, tt.want)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
@@ -20,12 +20,11 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"strings"
-
 	"github.com/coreos/go-systemd/journal"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/internal/cbor"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
 )

 const defaultJournalDPrio = journal.PriNotice
@@ -48,8 +47,6 @@ func levelToJPrio(zLevel string) journal.Priority {
 	lvl, _ := zerolog.ParseLevel(zLevel)

 	switch lvl {
-	case zerolog.TraceLevel:
-		return journal.PriDebug
 	case zerolog.DebugLevel:
 		return journal.PriDebug
 	case zerolog.InfoLevel:
@@ -70,12 +67,10 @@ func levelToJPrio(zLevel string) journal.Priority {

 func (w journalWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	if !journal.Enabled() {
-		err = fmt.Errorf("cannot connect to journalD")
+		err = fmt.Errorf("Cannot connect to journalD!!")
 		return
 	}
-
 	var event map[string]interface{}
-	origPLen := len(p)
 	p = cbor.DecodeIfBinaryToBytes(p)
 	d := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(p))
 	d.UseNumber()
@@ -116,10 +111,5 @@ func (w journalWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	}
 	args["JSON"] = string(p)
 	err = journal.Send(msg, jPrio, args)
-
-	if err == nil {
-		n = origPLen
-	}
-
 	return
 }
@@ -1,15 +1,9 @@
-// +build linux
+// +build !windows

 package journald_test

-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"io"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
-	"github.com/rs/zerolog/journald"
-)
+import "github.com/rs/zerolog"
+import "github.com/rs/zerolog/journald"

 func ExampleNewJournalDWriter() {
 	log := zerolog.New(journald.NewJournalDWriter())
@@ -48,39 +42,3 @@ Thu 2018-04-26 22:30:20.768136 PDT [s=3284d695bde946e4b5017c77a399237f;i=329f0;b
    _PID=27103
    _SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=1524807020768136
 */
-
-func TestWriteReturnsNoOfWrittenBytes(t *testing.T) {
-	input := []byte(`{"level":"info","time":1570912626,"message":"Starting..."}`)
-	wr := journald.NewJournalDWriter()
-	want := len(input)
-	got, err := wr.Write(input)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Unexpected error %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if want != got {
-		t.Errorf("Expected %d bytes to be written got %d", want, got)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestMultiWrite(t *testing.T) {
-	var (
-		w1 = new(bytes.Buffer)
-		w2 = new(bytes.Buffer)
-		w3 = journald.NewJournalDWriter()
-	)
-
-	zerolog.ErrorHandler = func(err error) {
-		if err == io.ErrShortWrite {
-			t.Errorf("Unexpected ShortWriteError")
-			t.FailNow()
-		}
-	}
-
-	log := zerolog.New(io.MultiWriter(w1, w2, w3)).With().Logger()
-
-	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
-		log.Info().Msg("Tick!")
-	}
-}
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@
 //            Msg("dup")
 //     // Output: {"level":"info","time":1494567715,"time":1494567715,"message":"dup"}
 //
-// In this case, many consumers will take the last value,
-// but this is not guaranteed; check yours if in doubt.
+// However, it’s not a big deal though as JSON accepts dup keys,
+// the last one prevails.
 package zerolog

 import (
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ import (
 )

 // Level defines log levels.
-type Level int8
+type Level uint8

 const (
 	// DebugLevel defines debug log level.
@@ -126,15 +126,10 @@ const (
 	NoLevel
 	// Disabled disables the logger.
 	Disabled
-
-	// TraceLevel defines trace log level.
-	TraceLevel Level = -1
 )

 func (l Level) String() string {
 	switch l {
-	case TraceLevel:
-		return "trace"
 	case DebugLevel:
 		return "debug"
 	case InfoLevel:
@@ -157,21 +152,19 @@ func (l Level) String() string {
 // returns an error if the input string does not match known values.
 func ParseLevel(levelStr string) (Level, error) {
 	switch levelStr {
-	case LevelFieldMarshalFunc(TraceLevel):
-		return TraceLevel, nil
-	case LevelFieldMarshalFunc(DebugLevel):
+	case DebugLevel.String():
 		return DebugLevel, nil
-	case LevelFieldMarshalFunc(InfoLevel):
+	case InfoLevel.String():
 		return InfoLevel, nil
-	case LevelFieldMarshalFunc(WarnLevel):
+	case WarnLevel.String():
 		return WarnLevel, nil
-	case LevelFieldMarshalFunc(ErrorLevel):
+	case ErrorLevel.String():
 		return ErrorLevel, nil
-	case LevelFieldMarshalFunc(FatalLevel):
+	case FatalLevel.String():
 		return FatalLevel, nil
-	case LevelFieldMarshalFunc(PanicLevel):
+	case PanicLevel.String():
 		return PanicLevel, nil
-	case LevelFieldMarshalFunc(NoLevel):
+	case NoLevel.String():
 		return NoLevel, nil
 	}
 	return NoLevel, fmt.Errorf("Unknown Level String: '%s', defaulting to NoLevel", levelStr)
@@ -179,7 +172,7 @@ func ParseLevel(levelStr string) (Level, error) {

 // A Logger represents an active logging object that generates lines
 // of JSON output to an io.Writer. Each logging operation makes a single
-// call to the Writer's Write method. There is no guarantee on access
+// call to the Writer's Write method. There is no guaranty on access
 // serialization to the Writer. If your Writer is not thread safe,
 // you may consider a sync wrapper.
 type Logger struct {
@@ -188,7 +181,6 @@ type Logger struct {
 	sampler Sampler
 	context []byte
 	hooks   []Hook
-	stack   bool
 }

 // New creates a root logger with given output writer. If the output writer implements
@@ -196,7 +188,7 @@ type Logger struct {
 // one.
 //
 // Each logging operation makes a single call to the Writer's Write method. There is no
-// guarantee on access serialization to the Writer. If your Writer is not thread safe,
+// guaranty on access serialization to the Writer. If your Writer is not thread safe,
 // you may consider using sync wrapper.
 func New(w io.Writer) Logger {
 	if w == nil {
@@ -206,7 +198,7 @@ func New(w io.Writer) Logger {
 	if !ok {
 		lw = levelWriterAdapter{w}
 	}
-	return Logger{w: lw, level: TraceLevel}
+	return Logger{w: lw}
 }

 // Nop returns a disabled logger for which all operation are no-op.
@@ -235,10 +227,6 @@ func (l Logger) With() Context {
 	l.context = make([]byte, 0, 500)
 	if context != nil {
 		l.context = append(l.context, context...)
-	} else {
-		// This is needed for AppendKey to not check len of input
-		// thus making it inlinable
-		l.context = enc.AppendBeginMarker(l.context)
 	}
 	return Context{l}
 }
@@ -253,9 +241,6 @@ func (l *Logger) UpdateContext(update func(c Context) Context) {
 	if cap(l.context) == 0 {
 		l.context = make([]byte, 0, 500)
 	}
-	if len(l.context) == 0 {
-		l.context = enc.AppendBeginMarker(l.context)
-	}
 	c := update(Context{*l})
 	l.context = c.l.context
 }
@@ -266,11 +251,6 @@ func (l Logger) Level(lvl Level) Logger {
 	return l
 }

-// GetLevel returns the current Level of l.
-func (l Logger) GetLevel() Level {
-	return l.level
-}
-
 // Sample returns a logger with the s sampler.
 func (l Logger) Sample(s Sampler) Logger {
 	l.sampler = s
@@ -283,13 +263,6 @@ func (l Logger) Hook(h Hook) Logger {
 	return l
 }

-// Trace starts a new message with trace level.
-//
-// You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
-func (l *Logger) Trace() *Event {
-	return l.newEvent(TraceLevel, nil)
-}
-
 // Debug starts a new message with debug level.
 //
 // You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
@@ -318,18 +291,6 @@ func (l *Logger) Error() *Event {
 	return l.newEvent(ErrorLevel, nil)
 }

-// Err starts a new message with error level with err as a field if not nil or
-// with info level if err is nil.
-//
-// You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
-func (l *Logger) Err(err error) *Event {
-	if err != nil {
-		return l.Error().Err(err)
-	}
-
-	return l.Info()
-}
-
 // Fatal starts a new message with fatal level. The os.Exit(1) function
 // is called by the Msg method, which terminates the program immediately.
 //
@@ -353,8 +314,6 @@ func (l *Logger) Panic() *Event {
 // You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
 func (l *Logger) WithLevel(level Level) *Event {
 	switch level {
-	case TraceLevel:
-		return l.Trace()
 	case DebugLevel:
 		return l.Debug()
 	case InfoLevel:
@@ -421,14 +380,11 @@ func (l *Logger) newEvent(level Level, done func(string)) *Event {
 	e.done = done
 	e.ch = l.hooks
 	if level != NoLevel {
-		e.Str(LevelFieldName, LevelFieldMarshalFunc(level))
+		e.Str(LevelFieldName, level.String())
 	}
-	if l.context != nil && len(l.context) > 1 {
+	if l.context != nil && len(l.context) > 0 {
 		e.buf = enc.AppendObjectData(e.buf, l.context)
 	}
-	if l.stack {
-		e.Stack()
-	}
 	return e
 }

@@ -37,21 +37,6 @@ func Hook(h zerolog.Hook) zerolog.Logger {
 	return Logger.Hook(h)
 }

-// Err starts a new message with error level with err as a field if not nil or
-// with info level if err is nil.
-//
-// You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
-func Err(err error) *zerolog.Event {
-	return Logger.Err(err)
-}
-
-// Trace starts a new message with trace level.
-//
-// You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
-func Trace() *zerolog.Event {
-	return Logger.Trace()
-}
-
 // Debug starts a new message with debug level.
 //
 // You must call Msg on the returned event in order to send the event.
@@ -54,25 +54,6 @@ func ExampleLog() {
 	// Output: {"time":1199811905,"message":"hello world"}
 }

-// Example of a conditional level based on the presence of an error.
-func ExampleErr() {
-	setup()
-	err := errors.New("some error")
-	log.Err(err).Msg("hello world")
-	log.Err(nil).Msg("hello world")
-
-	// Output: {"level":"error","error":"some error","time":1199811905,"message":"hello world"}
-	// {"level":"info","time":1199811905,"message":"hello world"}
-}
-
-// Example of a log at a particular "level" (in this case, "trace")
-func ExampleTrace() {
-	setup()
-	log.Trace().Msg("hello world")
-
-	// Output: {"level":"trace","time":1199811905,"message":"hello world"}
-}
-
 // Example of a log at a particular "level" (in this case, "debug")
 func ExampleDebug() {
 	setup()
@@ -95,17 +95,6 @@ func ExampleLogger_Printf() {
 	// Output: {"level":"debug","message":"hello world"}
 }

-func ExampleLogger_Trace() {
-	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)
-
-	log.Trace().
-		Str("foo", "bar").
-		Int("n", 123).
-		Msg("hello world")
-
-	// Output: {"level":"trace","foo":"bar","n":123,"message":"hello world"}
-}
-
 func ExampleLogger_Debug() {
 	log := zerolog.New(os.Stdout)

@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"reflect"
 	"runtime"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -81,8 +79,6 @@ func TestWith(t *testing.T) {
 	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	ctx := New(out).With().
 		Str("string", "foo").
-		Stringer("stringer", net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1}).
-		Stringer("stringer_nil", nil).
 		Bytes("bytes", []byte("bar")).
 		Hex("hex", []byte{0x12, 0xef}).
 		RawJSON("json", []byte(`{"some":"json"}`)).
@@ -106,21 +102,7 @@ func TestWith(t *testing.T) {
 	caller := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line+3)
 	log := ctx.Caller().Logger()
 	log.Log().Msg("")
-	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"string":"foo","stringer":"127.0.0.1","stringer_nil":null,"bytes":"bar","hex":"12ef","json":{"some":"json"},"error":"some error","bool":true,"int":1,"int8":2,"int16":3,"int32":4,"int64":5,"uint":6,"uint8":7,"uint16":8,"uint32":9,"uint64":10,"float32":11.101,"float64":12.30303,"time":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","caller":"`+caller+`"}`+"\n"; got != want {
-		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
-	}
-
-	// Validate CallerWithSkipFrameCount.
-	out.Reset()
-	_, file, line, _ = runtime.Caller(0)
-	caller = fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line+5)
-	log = ctx.CallerWithSkipFrameCount(3).Logger()
-	func() {
-		log.Log().Msg("")
-	}()
-	// The above line is a little contrived, but the line above should be the line due
-	// to the extra frame skip.
-	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"string":"foo","stringer":"127.0.0.1","stringer_nil":null,"bytes":"bar","hex":"12ef","json":{"some":"json"},"error":"some error","bool":true,"int":1,"int8":2,"int16":3,"int32":4,"int64":5,"uint":6,"uint8":7,"uint16":8,"uint32":9,"uint64":10,"float32":11.101,"float64":12.30303,"time":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","caller":"`+caller+`"}`+"\n"; got != want {
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"string":"foo","bytes":"bar","hex":"12ef","json":{"some":"json"},"error":"some error","bool":true,"int":1,"int8":2,"int16":3,"int32":4,"int64":5,"uint":6,"uint8":7,"uint16":8,"uint32":9,"uint64":10,"float32":11.101,"float64":12.30303,"time":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","caller":"`+caller+`"}`+"\n"; got != want {
 		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
 	}
 }
@@ -237,8 +219,6 @@ func TestFields(t *testing.T) {
 	log.Log().
 		Caller().
 		Str("string", "foo").
-		Stringer("stringer", net.IP{127, 0, 0, 1}).
-		Stringer("stringer_nil", nil).
 		Bytes("bytes", []byte("bar")).
 		Hex("hex", []byte{0x12, 0xef}).
 		RawJSON("json", []byte(`{"some":"json"}`)).
@@ -265,7 +245,7 @@ func TestFields(t *testing.T) {
 		Time("time", time.Time{}).
 		TimeDiff("diff", now, now.Add(-10*time.Second)).
 		Msg("")
-	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"caller":"`+caller+`","string":"foo","stringer":"127.0.0.1","stringer_nil":null,"bytes":"bar","hex":"12ef","json":{"some":"json"},"error":"some error","bool":true,"int":1,"int8":2,"int16":3,"int32":4,"int64":5,"uint":6,"uint8":7,"uint16":8,"uint32":9,"uint64":10,"IPv4":"192.168.0.100","IPv6":"2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334","Mac":"00:14:22:01:23:45","Prefix":"192.168.0.100/24","float32":11.1234,"float64":12.321321321,"dur":1000,"time":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","diff":10000}`+"\n"; got != want {
+	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"caller":"`+caller+`","string":"foo","bytes":"bar","hex":"12ef","json":{"some":"json"},"error":"some error","bool":true,"int":1,"int8":2,"int16":3,"int32":4,"int64":5,"uint":6,"uint8":7,"uint16":8,"uint32":9,"uint64":10,"IPv4":"192.168.0.100","IPv6":"2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334","Mac":"00:14:22:01:23:45","Prefix":"192.168.0.100/24","float32":11.1234,"float64":12.321321321,"dur":1000,"time":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z","diff":10000}`+"\n"; got != want {
 		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
 	}
 }
@@ -457,24 +437,6 @@ func TestLevel(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }

-func TestGetLevel(t *testing.T) {
-	levels := []Level{
-		DebugLevel,
-		InfoLevel,
-		WarnLevel,
-		ErrorLevel,
-		FatalLevel,
-		PanicLevel,
-		NoLevel,
-		Disabled,
-	}
-	for _, level := range levels {
-		if got, want := New(nil).Level(level).GetLevel(), level; got != want {
-			t.Errorf("GetLevel() = %v, want: %v", got, want)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func TestSampling(t *testing.T) {
 	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
 	log := New(out).Sample(&BasicSampler{N: 2})
@@ -530,34 +492,30 @@ func TestLevelWriter(t *testing.T) {
 		}{},
 	}
 	log := New(lw)
-	log.Trace().Msg("0")
 	log.Debug().Msg("1")
 	log.Info().Msg("2")
 	log.Warn().Msg("3")
 	log.Error().Msg("4")
 	log.Log().Msg("nolevel-1")
-	log.WithLevel(TraceLevel).Msg("5")
-	log.WithLevel(DebugLevel).Msg("6")
-	log.WithLevel(InfoLevel).Msg("7")
-	log.WithLevel(WarnLevel).Msg("8")
-	log.WithLevel(ErrorLevel).Msg("9")
+	log.WithLevel(DebugLevel).Msg("5")
+	log.WithLevel(InfoLevel).Msg("6")
+	log.WithLevel(WarnLevel).Msg("7")
+	log.WithLevel(ErrorLevel).Msg("8")
 	log.WithLevel(NoLevel).Msg("nolevel-2")

 	want := []struct {
 		l Level
 		p string
 	}{
-		{TraceLevel, `{"level":"trace","message":"0"}` + "\n"},
 		{DebugLevel, `{"level":"debug","message":"1"}` + "\n"},
 		{InfoLevel, `{"level":"info","message":"2"}` + "\n"},
 		{WarnLevel, `{"level":"warn","message":"3"}` + "\n"},
 		{ErrorLevel, `{"level":"error","message":"4"}` + "\n"},
 		{NoLevel, `{"message":"nolevel-1"}` + "\n"},
-		{TraceLevel, `{"level":"trace","message":"5"}` + "\n"},
-		{DebugLevel, `{"level":"debug","message":"6"}` + "\n"},
-		{InfoLevel, `{"level":"info","message":"7"}` + "\n"},
-		{WarnLevel, `{"level":"warn","message":"8"}` + "\n"},
-		{ErrorLevel, `{"level":"error","message":"9"}` + "\n"},
+		{DebugLevel, `{"level":"debug","message":"5"}` + "\n"},
+		{InfoLevel, `{"level":"info","message":"6"}` + "\n"},
+		{WarnLevel, `{"level":"warn","message":"7"}` + "\n"},
+		{ErrorLevel, `{"level":"error","message":"8"}` + "\n"},
 		{NoLevel, `{"message":"nolevel-2"}` + "\n"},
 	}
 	if got := lw.ops; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
@@ -683,75 +641,6 @@ func TestErrorMarshalFunc(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestCallerMarshalFunc(t *testing.T) {
-	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
-	log := New(out)
-
-	// test default behaviour this is really brittle due to the line numbers
-	// actually mattering for validation
-	_, file, line, _ := runtime.Caller(0)
-	caller := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", file, line+2)
-	log.Log().Caller().Msg("msg")
-	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"caller":"`+caller+`","message":"msg"}`+"\n"; got != want {
-		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
-	}
-	out.Reset()
-
-	// test custom behavior. In this case we'll take just the last directory
-	origCallerMarshalFunc := CallerMarshalFunc
-	defer func() { CallerMarshalFunc = origCallerMarshalFunc }()
-	CallerMarshalFunc = func(file string, line int) string {
-		parts := strings.Split(file, "/")
-		if len(parts) > 1 {
-			return strings.Join(parts[len(parts)-2:], "/") + ":" + strconv.Itoa(line)
-		}
-
-		return file + ":" + strconv.Itoa(line)
-	}
-	_, file, line, _ = runtime.Caller(0)
-	caller = CallerMarshalFunc(file, line+2)
-	log.Log().Caller().Msg("msg")
-	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"caller":"`+caller+`","message":"msg"}`+"\n"; got != want {
-		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestLevelFieldMarshalFunc(t *testing.T) {
-	origLevelFieldMarshalFunc := LevelFieldMarshalFunc
-	LevelFieldMarshalFunc = func(l Level) string {
-		return strings.ToUpper(l.String())
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		LevelFieldMarshalFunc = origLevelFieldMarshalFunc
-	}()
-	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
-	log := New(out)
-
-	log.Debug().Msg("test")
-	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"DEBUG","message":"test"}`+"\n"; got != want {
-		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
-	}
-	out.Reset()
-
-	log.Info().Msg("test")
-	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"INFO","message":"test"}`+"\n"; got != want {
-		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
-	}
-	out.Reset()
-
-	log.Warn().Msg("test")
-	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"WARN","message":"test"}`+"\n"; got != want {
-		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
-	}
-	out.Reset()
-
-	log.Error().Msg("test")
-	if got, want := decodeIfBinaryToString(out.Bytes()), `{"level":"ERROR","message":"test"}`+"\n"; got != want {
-		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
-	}
-	out.Reset()
-}
-
 type errWriter struct {
 	error
 }
@@ -772,19 +661,3 @@ func TestErrorHandler(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("ErrorHandler err = %#v, want %#v", got, want)
 	}
 }
-
-func TestUpdateEmptyContext(t *testing.T) {
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	log := New(&buf)
-
-	log.UpdateContext(func(c Context) Context {
-		return c.Str("foo", "bar")
-	})
-	log.Info().Msg("no panic")
-
-	want := `{"level":"info","foo":"bar","message":"no panic"}` + "\n"
-
-	if got := decodeIfBinaryToString(buf.Bytes()); got != want {
-		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %q\nwant: %q", got, want)
-	}
-}
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// +build !go1.12
-
-package zerolog
-
-const contextCallerSkipFrameCount = 3
@@ -27,22 +27,6 @@ func TestLogStack(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestLogStackFromContext(t *testing.T) {
-	zerolog.ErrorStackMarshaler = MarshalStack
-
-	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
-	log := zerolog.New(out).With().Stack().Logger() // calling Stack() on log context instead of event
-
-	err := errors.Wrap(errors.New("error message"), "from error")
-	log.Log().Err(err).Msg("") // not explicitly calling Stack()
-
-	got := out.String()
-	want := `\{"stack":\[\{"func":"TestLogStackFromContext","line":"36","source":"stacktrace_test.go"\},.*\],"error":"from error: error message"\}\n`
-	if ok, _ := regexp.MatchString(want, got); !ok {
-		t.Errorf("invalid log output:\ngot:  %v\nwant: %v", got, want)
-	}
-}
-
 func BenchmarkLogStack(b *testing.B) {
 	zerolog.ErrorStackMarshaler = MarshalStack
 	out := &bytes.Buffer{}
@@ -46,12 +46,8 @@ type BasicSampler struct {

 // Sample implements the Sampler interface.
 func (s *BasicSampler) Sample(lvl Level) bool {
-	n := s.N
-	if n == 1 {
-		return true
-	}
 	c := atomic.AddUint32(&s.counter, 1)
-	return c%n == 1
+	return c%s.N == s.N-1
 }

 // BurstSampler lets Burst events pass per Period then pass the decision to
@@ -104,15 +100,11 @@ func (s *BurstSampler) inc() uint32 {

 // LevelSampler applies a different sampler for each level.
 type LevelSampler struct {
-	TraceSampler, DebugSampler, InfoSampler, WarnSampler, ErrorSampler Sampler
+	DebugSampler, InfoSampler, WarnSampler, ErrorSampler Sampler
 }

 func (s LevelSampler) Sample(lvl Level) bool {
 	switch lvl {
-	case TraceLevel:
-		if s.TraceSampler != nil {
-			return s.TraceSampler.Sample(lvl)
-		}
 	case DebugLevel:
 		if s.DebugSampler != nil {
 			return s.DebugSampler.Sample(lvl)
@@ -7,10 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"io"
 )

-// See http://cee.mitre.org/language/1.0-beta1/clt.html#syslog
-// or https://www.rsyslog.com/json-elasticsearch/
-const ceePrefix = "@cee:"
-
 // SyslogWriter is an interface matching a syslog.Writer struct.
 type SyslogWriter interface {
 	io.Writer
@@ -23,58 +19,39 @@ type SyslogWriter interface {
 }

 type syslogWriter struct {
-	w      SyslogWriter
-	prefix string
+	w SyslogWriter
 }

 // SyslogLevelWriter wraps a SyslogWriter and call the right syslog level
 // method matching the zerolog level.
 func SyslogLevelWriter(w SyslogWriter) LevelWriter {
-	return syslogWriter{w, ""}
-}
-
-// SyslogCEEWriter wraps a SyslogWriter with a SyslogLevelWriter that adds a
-// MITRE CEE prefix for JSON syslog entries, compatible with rsyslog 
-// and syslog-ng JSON logging support. 
-// See https://www.rsyslog.com/json-elasticsearch/
-func SyslogCEEWriter(w SyslogWriter) LevelWriter {
-	return syslogWriter{w, ceePrefix}
+	return syslogWriter{w}
 }

 func (sw syslogWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	var pn int
-	if sw.prefix != "" {
-		pn, err = sw.w.Write([]byte(sw.prefix))
-		if err != nil {
-			return pn, err
-		}
-	}
-	n, err = sw.w.Write(p)
-	return pn + n, err
+	return sw.w.Write(p)
 }

 // WriteLevel implements LevelWriter interface.
 func (sw syslogWriter) WriteLevel(level Level, p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	switch level {
-	case TraceLevel:
 	case DebugLevel:
-		err = sw.w.Debug(sw.prefix + string(p))
+		err = sw.w.Debug(string(p))
 	case InfoLevel:
-		err = sw.w.Info(sw.prefix + string(p))
+		err = sw.w.Info(string(p))
 	case WarnLevel:
-		err = sw.w.Warning(sw.prefix + string(p))
+		err = sw.w.Warning(string(p))
 	case ErrorLevel:
-		err = sw.w.Err(sw.prefix + string(p))
+		err = sw.w.Err(string(p))
 	case FatalLevel:
-		err = sw.w.Emerg(sw.prefix + string(p))
+		err = sw.w.Emerg(string(p))
 	case PanicLevel:
-		err = sw.w.Crit(sw.prefix + string(p))
+		err = sw.w.Crit(string(p))
 	case NoLevel:
-		err = sw.w.Info(sw.prefix + string(p))
+		err = sw.w.Info(string(p))
 	default:
 		panic("invalid level")
 	}
-	// Any CEE prefix is not part of the message, so we don't include its length
 	n = len(p)
 	return
 }
@@ -3,12 +3,8 @@

 package zerolog

-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"reflect"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-)
+import "testing"
+import "reflect"

 type syslogEvent struct {
 	level string
@@ -21,10 +17,6 @@ type syslogTestWriter struct {
 func (w *syslogTestWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
 	return 0, nil
 }
-func (w *syslogTestWriter) Trace(m string) error {
-	w.events = append(w.events, syslogEvent{"Trace", m})
-	return nil
-}
 func (w *syslogTestWriter) Debug(m string) error {
 	w.events = append(w.events, syslogEvent{"Debug", m})
 	return nil
@@ -53,7 +45,6 @@ func (w *syslogTestWriter) Crit(m string) error {
 func TestSyslogWriter(t *testing.T) {
 	sw := &syslogTestWriter{}
 	log := New(SyslogLevelWriter(sw))
-	log.Trace().Msg("trace")
 	log.Debug().Msg("debug")
 	log.Info().Msg("info")
 	log.Warn().Msg("warn")
@@ -70,39 +61,3 @@ func TestSyslogWriter(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Invalid syslog message routing: want %v, got %v", want, got)
 	}
 }
-
-type testCEEwriter struct {
-	buf *bytes.Buffer
-}
-
-// Only implement one method as we're just testing the prefixing
-func (c testCEEwriter) Debug(m string) error { return nil }
-
-func (c testCEEwriter) Info(m string) error {
-	_, err := c.buf.Write([]byte(m))
-	return err
-}
-
-func (c testCEEwriter) Warning(m string) error { return nil }
-
-func (c testCEEwriter) Err(m string) error { return nil }
-
-func (c testCEEwriter) Emerg(m string) error { return nil }
-
-func (c testCEEwriter) Crit(m string) error { return nil }
-
-func (c testCEEwriter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
-	return c.buf.Write(b)
-}
-
-func TestSyslogWriter_WithCEE(t *testing.T) {
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	sw := testCEEwriter{&buf}
-	log := New(SyslogCEEWriter(sw))
-	log.Info().Str("key", "value").Msg("message string")
-	got := string(buf.Bytes())
-	want := "@cee:{"
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(got, want) {
-		t.Errorf("Bad CEE message start: want %v, got %v", want, got)
-	}
-}
@@ -26,9 +26,11 @@ type syncWriter struct {
 }

 // SyncWriter wraps w so that each call to Write is synchronized with a mutex.
-// This syncer can be used to wrap the call to writer's Write method if it is
-// not thread safe. Note that you do not need this wrapper for os.File Write
-// operations on POSIX and Windows systems as they are already thread-safe.
+// This syncer can be the call to writer's Write method is not thread safe.
+// Note that os.File Write operation is using write() syscall which is supposed
+// to be thread-safe on POSIX systems. So there is no need to use this with
+// os.File on such systems as zerolog guaranties to issue a single Write call
+// per log event.
 func SyncWriter(w io.Writer) io.Writer {
 	if lw, ok := w.(LevelWriter); ok {
 		return &syncWriter{lw: lw}
@@ -56,30 +58,30 @@ type multiLevelWriter struct {

 func (t multiLevelWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	for _, w := range t.writers {
-		if _n, _err := w.Write(p); err == nil {
-			n = _n
-			if _err != nil {
-				err = _err
-			} else if _n != len(p) {
-				err = io.ErrShortWrite
-			}
+		n, err = w.Write(p)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		if n != len(p) {
+			err = io.ErrShortWrite
+			return
 		}
 	}
-	return n, err
+	return len(p), nil
 }

 func (t multiLevelWriter) WriteLevel(l Level, p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	for _, w := range t.writers {
-		if _n, _err := w.WriteLevel(l, p); err == nil {
-			n = _n
-			if _err != nil {
-				err = _err
-			} else if _n != len(p) {
-				err = io.ErrShortWrite
-			}
+		n, err = w.WriteLevel(l, p)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		if n != len(p) {
+			err = io.ErrShortWrite
+			return
 		}
 	}
-	return n, err
+	return len(p), nil
 }

 // MultiLevelWriter creates a writer that duplicates its writes to all the
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 package zerolog

 import (
-	"errors"
-	"io"
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 )
@@ -29,85 +27,3 @@ func TestMultiSyslogWriter(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("Invalid syslog message routing: want %v, got %v", want, got)
 	}
 }
-
-var writeCalls int
-
-type mockedWriter struct {
-	wantErr bool
-}
-
-func (c mockedWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
-	writeCalls++
-
-	if c.wantErr {
-		return -1, errors.New("Expected error")
-	}
-
-	return len(p), nil
-}
-
-// Tests that a new writer is only used if it actually works.
-func TestResilientMultiWriter(t *testing.T) {
-	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		writers []io.Writer
-	}{
-		{
-			name:    "All valid writers",
-			writers: []io.Writer{
-				mockedWriter {
-					wantErr: false,
-				},
-				mockedWriter {
-					wantErr: false,
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "All invalid writers",
-			writers: []io.Writer{
-				mockedWriter {
-					wantErr: true,
-				},
-				mockedWriter {
-					wantErr: true,
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "First invalid writer",
-			writers: []io.Writer{
-				mockedWriter {
-					wantErr: true,
-				},
-				mockedWriter {
-					wantErr: false,
-				},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "First valid writer",
-			writers: []io.Writer{
-				mockedWriter {
-					wantErr: false,
-				},
-				mockedWriter {
-					wantErr: true,
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, tt := range tests {
-		writers := tt.writers
-		multiWriter := MultiLevelWriter(writers...)
-
-		logger := New(multiWriter).With().Timestamp().Logger().Level(InfoLevel)
-		logger.Info().Msg("Test msg")
-
-		if len(writers) != writeCalls {
-			t.Errorf("Expected %d writers to have been called but only %d were.", len(writers), writeCalls)
-		}
-		writeCalls = 0
-	}
-}
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Olivier Poitrey	9f1f25d2fa	pkgerrors: quick refactoring for better readibility	2019-01-02 17:07:20 -08:00
Olivier Poitrey	6d2153805b	Revert change on go.mod	2019-01-02 17:02:58 -08:00
Olivier Poitrey	2988c1e444	pkgerrors: remove fmt dep	2019-01-02 13:19:14 -08:00
Olivier Poitrey	adb19ff852	Merge branch 'master' into stacktrace	2019-01-02 12:11:57 -08:00
Olivier Poitrey	3786fbfa73	Add support for stack trace extration of error fields	2018-02-11 17:55:34 -08:00