Release v6.1.4

Includes Groovy 4.0.18, Netty 4.1.107, OpenPDF 1.3.40, Protobuf 3.25.2

.sdkmanrc

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 # Enable auto-env through the sdkman_auto_env config
 # Add key=value pairs of SDKs to use below
-java=17.0.9-librca
+java=17.0.10-librca

README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# <img src="framework-docs/src/docs/spring-framework.png" width="80" height="80"> Spring Framework [![Build Status](https://ci.spring.io/api/v1/teams/spring-framework/pipelines/spring-framework-6.1.x/jobs/build/badge)](https://ci.spring.io/teams/spring-framework/pipelines/spring-framework-6.1.x?groups=Build") [![Revved up by Gradle Enterprise](https://img.shields.io/badge/Revved%20up%20by-Gradle%20Enterprise-06A0CE?logo=Gradle&labelColor=02303A)](https://ge.spring.io/scans?search.rootProjectNames=spring)
+# <img src="framework-docs/src/docs/spring-framework.png" width="80" height="80"> Spring Framework [![Build Status](https://ci.spring.io/api/v1/teams/spring-framework/pipelines/spring-framework-6.1.x/jobs/build/badge)](https://ci.spring.io/teams/spring-framework/pipelines/spring-framework-6.1.x?groups=Build") [![Revved up by Develocity](https://img.shields.io/badge/Revved%20up%20by-Develocity-06A0CE?logo=Gradle&labelColor=02303A)](https://ge.spring.io/scans?search.rootProjectNames=spring)
 
 This is the home of the Spring Framework: the foundation for all [Spring projects](https://spring.io/projects). Collectively the Spring Framework and the family of Spring projects are often referred to simply as "Spring". 
 

build.gradle

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ plugins {
 	id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.plugin.serialization' version "${kotlinVersion}" apply false
 	id 'org.jetbrains.dokka' version '1.8.20'
 	id 'org.unbroken-dome.xjc' version '2.0.0' apply false
-	id 'com.github.ben-manes.versions' version '0.50.0'
+	id 'com.github.ben-manes.versions' version '0.51.0'
 	id 'com.github.johnrengelman.shadow' version '8.1.1' apply false
 	id 'de.undercouch.download' version '5.4.0'
 	id 'me.champeau.jmh' version '0.7.2' apply false
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ configure([rootProject] + javaProjects) { project ->
 			// TODO Uncomment link to JUnit 5 docs once we execute Gradle with Java 18+.
 			// See https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/issues/27497
 			//
-			// "https://junit.org/junit5/docs/5.10.1/api/",
+			// "https://junit.org/junit5/docs/5.10.2/api/",
 			"https://www.reactive-streams.org/reactive-streams-1.0.3-javadoc/",
 			//"https://javadoc.io/static/io.rsocket/rsocket-core/1.1.1/",
 			"https://r2dbc.io/spec/1.0.0.RELEASE/api/",

buildSrc/src/main/java/org/springframework/build/CheckstyleConventions.java

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public class CheckstyleConventions {
 			project.getPlugins().apply(CheckstylePlugin.class);
 			project.getTasks().withType(Checkstyle.class).forEach(checkstyle -> checkstyle.getMaxHeapSize().set("1g"));
 			CheckstyleExtension checkstyle = project.getExtensions().getByType(CheckstyleExtension.class);
-			checkstyle.setToolVersion("10.12.7");
+			checkstyle.setToolVersion("10.13.0");
 			checkstyle.getConfigDirectory().set(project.getRootProject().file("src/checkstyle"));
 			String version = SpringJavaFormatPlugin.class.getPackage().getImplementationVersion();
 			DependencySet checkstyleDependencies = project.getConfigurations().getByName("checkstyle").getDependencies();

ci/README.adoc

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 The Spring Framework uses https://concourse-ci.org/[Concourse] for its CI build and other automated tasks.
 The Spring team has a dedicated Concourse instance available at https://ci.spring.io with a build pipeline
-for https://ci.spring.io/teams/spring-framework/pipelines/spring-framework-6.0.x[Spring Framework 6.0.x].
+for https://ci.spring.io/teams/spring-framework/pipelines/spring-framework-6.1.x[Spring Framework 6.1.x].
 
 === Setting up your development environment
 
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ The pipeline can be deployed using the following command:
 
 [source]
 ----
-$ fly -t spring set-pipeline -p spring-framework-6.0.x -c ci/pipeline.yml -l ci/parameters.yml
+$ fly -t spring set-pipeline -p spring-framework-6.1.x -c ci/pipeline.yml -l ci/parameters.yml
 ----
 
 NOTE: This assumes that you have credhub integration configured with the appropriate secrets.

ci/images/ci-image/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM ubuntu:jammy-20231211.1
+FROM ubuntu:jammy-20240125
 
 ADD setup.sh /setup.sh
 ADD get-jdk-url.sh /get-jdk-url.sh

ci/images/get-jdk-url.sh

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ set -e
 
 case "$1" in
 	java17)
-		echo "https://download.bell-sw.com/java/17.0.9+11/bellsoft-jdk17.0.9+11-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
+		echo "https://github.com/bell-sw/Liberica/releases/download/17.0.10%2B13/bellsoft-jdk17.0.10+13-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
 	;;
 	java21)
-		echo "https://download.bell-sw.com/java/21.0.1+12/bellsoft-jdk21.0.1+12-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
+		echo "https://github.com/bell-sw/Liberica/releases/download/21.0.2%2B14/bellsoft-jdk21.0.2+14-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
 	;;
 	java22)
-		echo "https://download.java.net/java/early_access/jdk22/28/GPL/openjdk-22-ea+28_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz"
+		echo "https://download.java.net/java/early_access/jdk22/33/GPL/openjdk-22-ea+33_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz"
 	;;
 	*)
 		echo $"Unknown java version"

framework-docs/antora.yml

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ asciidoc:
     # FIXME: The package is not renamed
     chomp: 'all'
     fold: 'all'
+    table-stripes: 'odd'
     include-java: 'example$docs-src/main/java/org/springframework/docs'
     spring-site: 'https://spring.io'
     spring-site-blog: '{spring-site}/blog'

framework-docs/framework-docs.gradle

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ antora {
 			'@antora/atlas-extension': '1.0.0-alpha.1',
 			'@antora/collector-extension': '1.0.0-alpha.3',
 			'@asciidoctor/tabs': '1.0.0-beta.3',
-			'@opendevise/antora-release-line-extension': '1.0.0-alpha.2',
-			'@springio/antora-extensions': '1.3.0',
+			'@opendevise/antora-release-line-extension': '1.0.0',
+			'@springio/antora-extensions': '1.8.2',
 			'@springio/asciidoctor-extensions': '1.0.0-alpha.9'
 	]
 }

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/nav.adoc

@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@
 *** xref:integration/cache/specific-config.adoc[]
 ** xref:integration/observability.adoc[]
 ** xref:integration/checkpoint-restore.adoc[]
-** xref:integration/class-data-sharing.adoc[]
+** xref:integration/cds.adoc[]
 ** xref:integration/appendix.adoc[]
 * xref:languages.adoc[]
 ** xref:languages/kotlin.adoc[]

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/appendix.adoc

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ of the classpath -- for example, deployed within the application's JAR file.
 The following table lists all currently supported Spring properties.
 
 .Supported Spring Properties
-[cols="1,1", stripes=odd]
+[cols="1,1"]
 |===
 | Name | Description
 

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/aop/using-aspectj.adoc

@@ -521,8 +521,8 @@ standard AspectJ. The following example shows the `aop.xml` file:
 	<aspectj>
 
 		<weaver>
-			<!-- only weave classes in our application-specific packages -->
-			<include within="com.xyz.*"/>
+			<!-- only weave classes in our application-specific packages and sub-packages -->
+			<include within="com.xyz..*"/>
 		</weaver>
 
 		<aspects>
@@ -731,8 +731,8 @@ For example:
 	<aspectj>
 
 		<weaver>
-			<!-- only weave classes in our application-specific packages -->
-			<include within="com.xyz.*"/>
+			<!-- only weave classes in our application-specific packages and sub-packages -->
+			<include within="com.xyz..*"/>
 		</weaver>
 
 	</aspectj>

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/aot.adoc

@@ -17,8 +17,11 @@ Applying such optimizations early implies the following restrictions:
 * The beans defined in your application cannot change at runtime, meaning:
 ** `@Profile`, in particular profile-specific configuration needs to be chosen at build time.
 ** `Environment` properties that impact the presence of a bean (`@Conditional`) are only considered at build time.
-* Bean definitions with instance suppliers (lambdas or method references) cannot be transformed ahead-of-time (see related {spring-framework-issues}/29555[spring-framework#29555] issue).
-* Make sure that the bean type is as precise as possible.
+* Bean definitions with instance suppliers (lambdas or method references) cannot be transformed ahead-of-time.
+* Beans registered as singletons (using `registerSingleton`, typically from
+`ConfigurableListableBeanFactory`) cannot be transformed ahead-of-time either.
+* As we cannot rely on the instance, make sure that the bean type is as precise as
+possible.
 
 TIP: See also the xref:core/aot.adoc#aot.bestpractices[] section.
 
@@ -27,7 +30,7 @@ A Spring AOT processed application typically generates:
 
 * Java source code
 * Bytecode (usually for dynamic proxies)
-* {spring-framework-api}/aot/hint/RuntimeHints.html[`RuntimeHints`] for the use of reflection, resource loading, serialization, and JDK proxies.
+* {spring-framework-api}/aot/hint/RuntimeHints.html[`RuntimeHints`] for the use of reflection, resource loading, serialization, and JDK proxies
 
 NOTE: At the moment, AOT is focused on allowing Spring applications to be deployed as native images using GraalVM.
 We intend to support more JVM-based use cases in future generations.
@@ -35,7 +38,7 @@ We intend to support more JVM-based use cases in future generations.
 [[aot.basics]]
 == AOT engine overview
 
-The entry point of the AOT engine for processing an `ApplicationContext` arrangement is `ApplicationContextAotGenerator`. It takes care of the following steps, based on a `GenericApplicationContext` that represents the application to optimize and a {spring-framework-api}/aot/generate/GenerationContext.html[`GenerationContext`]:
+The entry point of the AOT engine for processing an `ApplicationContext` is `ApplicationContextAotGenerator`. It takes care of the following steps, based on a `GenericApplicationContext` that represents the application to optimize and a {spring-framework-api}/aot/generate/GenerationContext.html[`GenerationContext`]:
 
 * Refresh an `ApplicationContext` for AOT processing. Contrary to a traditional refresh, this version only creates bean definitions, not bean instances.
 * Invoke the available `BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor` implementations and apply their contributions against the `GenerationContext`.
@@ -67,7 +70,14 @@ include-code::./AotProcessingSample[tag=aotcontext]
 In this mode, xref:core/beans/factory-extension.adoc#beans-factory-extension-factory-postprocessors[`BeanFactoryPostProcessor` implementations] are invoked as usual.
 This includes configuration class parsing, import selectors, classpath scanning, etc.
 Such steps make sure that the `BeanRegistry` contains the relevant bean definitions for the application.
-If bean definitions are guarded by conditions (such as `@Profile`), these are discarded at this stage.
+If bean definitions are guarded by conditions (such as `@Profile`), these are evaluated,
+and bean definitions that don't match their conditions are discarded at this stage.
+
+If custom code needs to register extra beans programmatically, make sure that custom
+registration code uses `BeanDefinitionRegistry` instead of `BeanFactory` as only bean
+definitions are taken into account. A good pattern is to implement
+`ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar` and register it via an `@Import` on one of your
+configuration classes.
 
 Because this mode does not actually create bean instances, `BeanPostProcessor` implementations are not invoked, except for specific variants that are relevant for AOT processing.
 These are:
@@ -84,12 +94,12 @@ Once this part completes, the `BeanFactory` contains the bean definitions that a
 Components that want to participate in this step can implement the {spring-framework-api}/beans/factory/aot/BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor.html[`BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor`] interface.
 Each implementation can return an AOT contribution, based on the state of the bean factory.
 
-An AOT contribution is a component that contributes generated code that reproduces a particular behavior.
+An AOT contribution is a component that contributes generated code which reproduces a particular behavior.
 It can also contribute `RuntimeHints` to indicate the need for reflection, resource loading, serialization, or JDK proxies.
 
-A `BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor` implementation can be registered in `META-INF/spring/aot.factories` with a key equal to the fully qualified name of the interface.
+A `BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor` implementation can be registered in `META-INF/spring/aot.factories` with a key equal to the fully-qualified name of the interface.
 
-A `BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor` can also be implemented directly by a bean.
+The `BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor` interface can also be implemented directly by a bean.
 In this mode, the bean provides an AOT contribution equivalent to the feature it provides with a regular runtime.
 Consequently, such a bean is automatically excluded from the AOT-optimized context.
 
@@ -111,7 +121,7 @@ This interface is used as follows:
 
 * Implemented by a `BeanPostProcessor` bean, to replace its runtime behavior.
 For instance xref:core/beans/factory-extension.adoc#beans-factory-extension-bpp-examples-aabpp[`AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor`] implements this interface to generate code that injects members annotated with `@Autowired`.
-* Implemented by a type registered in `META-INF/spring/aot.factories` with a key equal to the fully qualified name of the interface.
+* Implemented by a type registered in `META-INF/spring/aot.factories` with a key equal to the fully-qualified name of the interface.
 Typically used when the bean definition needs to be tuned for specific features of the core framework.
 
 [NOTE]
@@ -207,11 +217,33 @@ However, keep in mind that some optimizations are made at build time based on a
 
 This section lists the best practices that make sure your application is ready for AOT.
 
+[[aot.bestpractices.bean-registration]]
+== Programmatic bean registration
+
+The AOT engine takes care of the `@Configuration` model and any callback that might be
+invoked as part of processing your configuration. If you need to register additional
+beans programmatically, make sure to use a `BeanDefinitionRegistry` to register
+bean definitions.
+
+This can typically be done via a `BeanDefinitionRegistryPostProcessor`. Note that, if it
+is registered itself as a bean, it will be invoked again at runtime unless you make
+sure to implement `BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor` as well. A more idiomatic
+way is to implement `ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar` and register it using `@Import` on
+one of your configuration classes. This invokes your custom code as part of configuration
+class parsing.
+
+If you declare additional beans programmatically using a different callback, they are
+likely not going to be handled by the AOT engine, and therefore no hints are going to be
+generated for them. Depending on the environment, those beans may not be registered at
+all. For instance, classpath scanning does not work in a native image as there is no
+notion of a classpath. For cases like this, it is crucial that the scanning happens at
+build time.
+
 [[aot.bestpractices.bean-type]]
 === Expose The Most Precise Bean Type
 
 While your application may interact with an interface that a bean implements, it is still very important to declare the most precise type.
-The AOT engine performs additional checks on the bean type, such as detecting the presence of `@Autowired` members, or lifecycle callback methods.
+The AOT engine performs additional checks on the bean type, such as detecting the presence of `@Autowired` members or lifecycle callback methods.
 
 For `@Configuration` classes, make sure that the return type of the factory `@Bean` method is as precise as possible.
 Consider the following example:
@@ -262,10 +294,11 @@ If you are registering bean definitions programmatically, consider using `RootBe
 
 [[aot.bestpractices.constructors]]
 === Avoid Multiple Constructors
+
 The container is able to choose the most appropriate constructor to use based on several candidates.
 However, this is not a best practice and flagging the preferred constructor with `@Autowired` if necessary is preferred.
 
-In case you are working on a code base that you can't modify, you can set the {spring-framework-api}/beans/factory/support/AbstractBeanDefinition.html#PREFERRED_CONSTRUCTORS_ATTRIBUTE[`preferredConstructors` attribute] on the related bean definition to indicate which constructor should be used.
+In case you are working on a code base that you cannot modify, you can set the {spring-framework-api}/beans/factory/support/AbstractBeanDefinition.html#PREFERRED_CONSTRUCTORS_ATTRIBUTE[`preferredConstructors` attribute] on the related bean definition to indicate which constructor should be used.
 
 [[aot.bestpractices.factory-bean]]
 === FactoryBean
@@ -283,7 +316,7 @@ Java::
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
 ----
 	public class ClientFactoryBean<T extends AbstractClient> implements FactoryBean<T> {
-
+		// ...
 	}
 ----
 ======
@@ -380,7 +413,7 @@ Java::
 
 Running an application as a native image requires additional information compared to a regular JVM runtime.
 For instance, GraalVM needs to know ahead of time if a component uses reflection.
-Similarly, classpath resources are not shipped in a native image unless specified explicitly.
+Similarly, classpath resources are not included in a native image unless specified explicitly.
 Consequently, if the application needs to load a resource, it must be referenced from the corresponding GraalVM native image configuration file.
 
 The {spring-framework-api}/aot/hint/RuntimeHints.html[`RuntimeHints`] API collects the need for reflection, resource loading, serialization, and JDK proxies at runtime.
@@ -415,7 +448,7 @@ include-code::./SpellCheckService[]
 If at all possible, `@ImportRuntimeHints` should be used as close as possible to the component that requires the hints.
 This way, if the component is not contributed to the `BeanFactory`, the hints won't be contributed either.
 
-It is also possible to register an implementation statically by adding an entry in `META-INF/spring/aot.factories` with a key equal to the fully qualified name of the `RuntimeHintsRegistrar` interface.
+It is also possible to register an implementation statically by adding an entry in `META-INF/spring/aot.factories` with a key equal to the fully-qualified name of the `RuntimeHintsRegistrar` interface.
 
 
 [[aot.hints.reflective]]
@@ -424,7 +457,7 @@ It is also possible to register an implementation statically by adding an entry
 {spring-framework-api}/aot/hint/annotation/Reflective.html[`@Reflective`] provides an idiomatic way to flag the need for reflection on an annotated element.
 For instance, `@EventListener` is meta-annotated with `@Reflective` since the underlying implementation invokes the annotated method using reflection.
 
-By default, only Spring beans are considered and an invocation hint is registered for the annotated element.
+By default, only Spring beans are considered, and an invocation hint is registered for the annotated element.
 This can be tuned by specifying a custom `ReflectiveProcessor` implementation via the
 `@Reflective` annotation.
 

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/beans/basics.adoc

@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ Kotlin::
 ====
 After you learn about Spring's IoC container, you may want to know more about Spring's
 `Resource` abstraction (as described in
-xref:web/webflux-webclient/client-builder.adoc#webflux-client-builder-reactor-resources[Resources])
+xref:core/resources.adoc[Resources])
 which provides a convenient mechanism for reading an InputStream from locations defined
 in a URI syntax. In particular, `Resource` paths are used to construct applications contexts,
 as described in xref:core/resources.adoc#resources-app-ctx[Application Contexts and Resource Paths].

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/expressions.adoc

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 [[expressions]]
 = Spring Expression Language (SpEL)
 
-The Spring Expression Language ("`SpEL`" for short) is a powerful expression language that
+The Spring Expression Language ("SpEL" for short) is a powerful expression language that
 supports querying and manipulating an object graph at runtime. The language syntax is
-similar to Unified EL but offers additional features, most notably method invocation and
-basic string templating functionality.
+similar to the https://jakarta.ee/specifications/expression-language/[Jakarta Expression
+Language] but offers additional features, most notably method invocation and basic string
+templating functionality.
 
 While there are several other Java expression languages available -- OGNL, MVEL, and JBoss
 EL, to name a few -- the Spring Expression Language was created to provide the Spring
@@ -33,26 +34,24 @@ populate them are listed at the end of the chapter.
 The expression language supports the following functionality:
 
 * Literal expressions
-* Boolean and relational operators
-* Regular expressions
-* Class expressions
 * Accessing properties, arrays, lists, and maps
-* Method invocation
-* Assignment
-* Calling constructors
-* Bean references
-* Array construction
 * Inline lists
 * Inline maps
-* Ternary operator
+* Array construction
+* Relational operators
+* Regular expressions
+* Logical operators
+* String operators
+* Mathematical operators
+* Assignment
+* Type expressions
+* Method invocation
+* Constructor invocation
 * Variables
-* User-defined functions added to the context
-  * reflective invocation of `Method`
-  * various cases of `MethodHandle`
+* User-defined functions
+* Bean references
+* Ternary, Elvis, and safe-navigation operators
 * Collection projection
 * Collection selection
 * Templated expressions
 
-
-
-

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/expressions/evaluation.adoc

@@ -517,6 +517,7 @@ following kinds of expressions cannot be compiled.
 * Expressions involving assignment
 * Expressions relying on the conversion service
 * Expressions using custom resolvers or accessors
+* Expressions using overloaded operators
 * Expressions using selection or projection
 
 Compilation of additional kinds of expressions may be supported in the future.

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/expressions/example-classes.adoc

@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
 
 This section lists the classes used in the examples throughout this chapter.
 
+== `Inventor`
+
 [tabs]
 ======
-Inventor.Java::
+Java::
 +
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary",chomp="-packages"]
 ----
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ Inventor.Java::
 	}
 ----
 
-Inventor.kt::
+Kotlin::
 +
 [source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary",chomp="-packages"]
 ----
@@ -95,9 +97,11 @@ Inventor.kt::
 ----
 ======
 
+== `PlaceOfBirth`
+
 [tabs]
 ======
-PlaceOfBirth.java::
+Java::
 +
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary",chomp="-packages"]
 ----
@@ -135,7 +139,7 @@ PlaceOfBirth.java::
 	}
 ----
 
-PlaceOfBirth.kt::
+Kotlin::
 +
 [source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary",chomp="-packages"]
 ----
@@ -145,9 +149,11 @@ PlaceOfBirth.kt::
 ----
 ======
 
+== `Society`
+
 [tabs]
 ======
-Society.java::
+Java::
 +
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary",chomp="-packages"]
 ----
@@ -192,7 +198,7 @@ Society.java::
 	}
 ----
 
-Society.kt::
+Kotlin::
 +
 [source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary",chomp="-packages"]
 ----

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/expressions/language-ref/collection-projection.adoc

@@ -13,16 +13,18 @@ Java::
 +
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
 ----
-	// returns ['Smiljan', 'Idvor' ]
-	List placesOfBirth = (List)parser.parseExpression("members.![placeOfBirth.city]");
+	// evaluates to ["Smiljan", "Idvor"]
+	List placesOfBirth = parser.parseExpression("members.![placeOfBirth.city]")
+			.getValue(societyContext, List.class);
 ----
 
 Kotlin::
 +
 [source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
 ----
-	// returns ['Smiljan', 'Idvor' ]
-	val placesOfBirth = parser.parseExpression("members.![placeOfBirth.city]") as List<*>
+	// evaluates to ["Smiljan", "Idvor"]
+	val placesOfBirth = parser.parseExpression("members.![placeOfBirth.city]")
+	 		.getValue(societyContext) as List<*>
 ----
 ======
 
@@ -32,5 +34,12 @@ evaluated against each entry in the map (represented as a Java `Map.Entry`). The
 of a projection across a map is a list that consists of the evaluation of the projection
 expression against each map entry.
 
+[NOTE]
+====
+The Spring Expression Language also supports safe navigation for collection projection.
 
+See
+xref:core/expressions/language-ref/operator-safe-navigation.adoc#expressions-operator-safe-navigation-selection-and-projection[Safe Collection Selection and Projection]
+for details.
+====
 

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/expressions/language-ref/collection-selection.adoc

@@ -28,13 +28,14 @@ Kotlin::
 ======
 
 Selection is supported for arrays and anything that implements `java.lang.Iterable` or
-`java.util.Map`. For a list or array, the selection criteria is evaluated against each
-individual element. Against a map, the selection criteria is evaluated against each map
-entry (objects of the Java type `Map.Entry`). Each map entry has its `key` and `value`
-accessible as properties for use in the selection.
+`java.util.Map`. For an array or `Iterable`, the selection expression is evaluated
+against each individual element. Against a map, the selection expression is evaluated
+against each map entry (objects of the Java type `Map.Entry`). Each map entry has its
+`key` and `value` accessible as properties for use in the selection.
 
-The following expression returns a new map that consists of those elements of the
-original map where the entry's value is less than 27:
+Given a `Map` stored in a variable named `#map`, the following expression returns a new
+map that consists of those elements of the original map where the entry's value is less
+than 27:
 
 [tabs]
 ======
@@ -42,21 +43,28 @@ Java::
 +
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
 ----
-	Map newMap = parser.parseExpression("map.?[value<27]").getValue();
+	Map newMap = parser.parseExpression("#map.?[value < 27]").getValue(Map.class);
 ----
 
 Kotlin::
 +
 [source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
 ----
-	val newMap = parser.parseExpression("map.?[value<27]").getValue()
+	val newMap = parser.parseExpression("#map.?[value < 27]").getValue() as Map
 ----
 ======
 
 In addition to returning all the selected elements, you can retrieve only the first or
-the last element. To obtain the first element matching the selection, the syntax is
-`.^[selectionExpression]`. To obtain the last matching selection, the syntax is
-`.$[selectionExpression]`.
+the last element. To obtain the first element matching the selection expression, the
+syntax is `.^[selectionExpression]`. To obtain the last element matching the selection
+expression, the syntax is `.$[selectionExpression]`.
 
+[NOTE]
+====
+The Spring Expression Language also supports safe navigation for collection selection.
 
+See
+xref:core/expressions/language-ref/operator-safe-navigation.adoc#expressions-operator-safe-navigation-selection-and-projection[Safe Collection Selection and Projection]
+for details.
+====
 

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/expressions/language-ref/functions.adoc

@@ -1,10 +1,26 @@
 [[expressions-ref-functions]]
 = Functions
 
-You can extend SpEL by registering user-defined functions that can be called within the
-expression string. The function is registered through the `EvaluationContext`. The
-following example shows how to register a user-defined function to be invoked via reflection
-(i.e. a `Method`):
+You can extend SpEL by registering user-defined functions that can be called within
+expressions by using the `#functionName(...)` syntax. Functions can be registered as
+variables in `EvaluationContext` implementations via the `setVariable()` method.
+
+[TIP]
+====
+`StandardEvaluationContext` also defines `registerFunction(...)` methods that provide a
+convenient way to register a function as a `java.lang.reflect.Method` or a
+`java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle`.
+====
+
+[WARNING]
+====
+Since functions share a common namespace with
+xref:core/expressions/language-ref/variables.adoc[variables] in the evaluation context,
+care must be taken to ensure that function names and variable names do not overlap.
+====
+
+The following example shows how to register a user-defined function to be invoked via
+reflection using a `java.lang.reflect.Method`:
 
 [tabs]
 ======
@@ -40,11 +56,7 @@ Java::
 	public abstract class StringUtils {
 
 		public static String reverseString(String input) {
-			StringBuilder backwards = new StringBuilder(input.length());
-			for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
-				backwards.append(input.charAt(input.length() - 1 - i));
-			}
-			return backwards.toString();
+			return new StringBuilder(input).reverse().toString();
 		}
 	}
 ----
@@ -54,16 +66,12 @@ Kotlin::
 [source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
 ----
 	fun reverseString(input: String): String {
-		val backwards = StringBuilder(input.length)
-		for (i in 0 until input.length) {
-			backwards.append(input[input.length - 1 - i])
-		}
-		return backwards.toString()
+		return StringBuilder(input).reverse().toString()
 	}
 ----
 ======
 
-You can then register and use the preceding method, as the following example shows:
+You can register and use the preceding method, as the following example shows:
 
 [tabs]
 ======
@@ -75,8 +83,9 @@ Java::
 
 	EvaluationContext context = SimpleEvaluationContext.forReadOnlyDataBinding().build();
 	context.setVariable("reverseString",
-			StringUtils.class.getDeclaredMethod("reverseString", String.class));
+			StringUtils.class.getMethod("reverseString", String.class));
 
+	// evaluates to "olleh"
 	String helloWorldReversed = parser.parseExpression(
 			"#reverseString('hello')").getValue(context, String.class);
 ----
@@ -88,16 +97,18 @@ Kotlin::
 	val parser = SpelExpressionParser()
 
 	val context = SimpleEvaluationContext.forReadOnlyDataBinding().build()
-	context.setVariable("reverseString", ::reverseString::javaMethod)
+	context.setVariable("reverseString", ::reverseString.javaMethod)
 
+	// evaluates to "olleh"
 	val helloWorldReversed = parser.parseExpression(
 			"#reverseString('hello')").getValue(context, String::class.java)
 ----
 ======
 
-The use of `MethodHandle` is also supported. This enables potentially more efficient use
-cases if the `MethodHandle` target and parameters have been fully bound prior to
-registration, but partially bound handles are also supported.
+A function can also be registered as a `java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle`. This enables
+potentially more efficient use cases if the `MethodHandle` target and parameters have
+been fully bound prior to registration; however, partially bound handles are also
+supported.
 
 Consider the `String#formatted(String, Object...)` instance method, which produces a
 message according to a template and a variable number of arguments.
@@ -118,9 +129,9 @@ Java::
 			MethodType.methodType(String.class, Object[].class));
 	context.setVariable("message", mh);
 
+	// evaluates to "Simple message: <Hello World>"
 	String message = parser.parseExpression("#message('Simple message: <%s>', 'Hello World', 'ignored')")
 			.getValue(context, String.class);
-	//returns "Simple message: <Hello World>"
 ----
 
 Kotlin::
@@ -134,6 +145,7 @@ Kotlin::
 			MethodType.methodType(String::class.java, Array<Any>::class.java))
 	context.setVariable("message", mh)
 
+	// evaluates to "Simple message: <Hello World>"
 	val message = parser.parseExpression("#message('Simple message: <%s>', 'Hello World', 'ignored')")
 			.getValue(context, String::class.java)
 ----
@@ -161,9 +173,9 @@ Java::
 			.bindTo(varargs); //here we have to provide arguments in a single array binding
 	context.setVariable("message", mh);
 
+	// evaluates to "This is a prerecorded message with 3 words: <Oh Hello World!>"
 	String message = parser.parseExpression("#message()")
 			.getValue(context, String.class);
-	//returns "This is a prerecorded message with 3 words: <Oh Hello World!>"
 ----
 
 Kotlin::
@@ -182,6 +194,7 @@ Kotlin::
 			.bindTo(varargs) //here we have to provide arguments in a single array binding
 	context.setVariable("message", mh)
 
+	// evaluates to "This is a prerecorded message with 3 words: <Oh Hello World!>"
 	val message = parser.parseExpression("#message()")
 			.getValue(context, String::class.java)
 ----

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/expressions/language-ref/literal.adoc

@@ -3,20 +3,46 @@
 
 SpEL supports the following types of literal expressions.
 
-- strings
-- numeric values: integer (`int` or `long`), hexadecimal (`int` or `long`), real (`float`
-  or `double`)
-- boolean values: `true` or `false`
-- null
+String ::
+  Strings can be delimited by single quotation marks (`'`) or double quotation marks
+  (`"`). To include a single quotation mark within a string literal enclosed in single
+  quotation marks, use two adjacent single quotation mark characters. Similarly, to
+  include a double quotation mark within a string literal enclosed in double quotation
+  marks, use two adjacent double quotation mark characters.
+Number ::
+  Numbers support the use of the negative sign, exponential notation, and decimal points.
+  * Integer: `int` or `long`
+  * Hexadecimal: `int` or `long`
+  * Real: `float` or `double`
+  ** By default, real numbers are parsed using `Double.parseDouble()`.
+Boolean ::
+  `true` or `false`
+Null ::
+  `null`
 
-Strings can delimited by single quotation marks (`'`) or double quotation marks (`"`). To
-include a single quotation mark within a string literal enclosed in single quotation
-marks, use two adjacent single quotation mark characters. Similarly, to include a double
-quotation mark within a string literal enclosed in double quotation marks, use two
-adjacent double quotation mark characters.
+[NOTE]
+====
+Due to the design and implementation of the Spring Expression Language, literal numbers
+are always stored internally as positive numbers.
 
-Numbers support the use of the negative sign, exponential notation, and decimal points.
-By default, real numbers are parsed by using `Double.parseDouble()`.
+For example, `-2` is stored internally as a positive `2` which is then negated while
+evaluating the expression (by calculating the value of `0 - 2`).
+
+This means that it is not possible to represent a negative literal number equal to the
+minimum value of that type of number in Java. For example, the minimum supported value
+for an `int` in Java is `Integer.MIN_VALUE` which has a value of `-2147483648`. However,
+if you include `-2147483648` in a SpEL expression, an exception will be thrown informing
+you that the value `2147483648` cannot be parsed as an `int` (because it exceeds the
+value of `Integer.MAX_VALUE` which is `2147483647`).
+
+If you need to use the minimum value for a particular type of number within a SpEL
+expression, you can either reference the `MIN_VALUE` constant for the respective wrapper
+type (such as `Integer.MIN_VALUE`, `Long.MIN_VALUE`, etc.) or calculate the minimum
+value. For example, to use the minimum integer value:
+
+- `T(Integer).MIN_VALUE` -- requires a `StandardEvaluationContext`
+- `-2^31` -- can be used with any type of `EvaluationContext`
+====
 
 The following listing shows simple usage of literals. Typically, they are not used in
 isolation like this but, rather, as part of a more complex expression -- for example,

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/expressions/language-ref/operator-safe-navigation.adoc

@@ -1,12 +1,27 @@
 [[expressions-operator-safe-navigation]]
 = Safe Navigation Operator
 
-The safe navigation operator is used to avoid a `NullPointerException` and comes from
-the https://www.groovy-lang.org/operators.html#_safe_navigation_operator[Groovy]
-language. Typically, when you have a reference to an object, you might need to verify that
-it is not null before accessing methods or properties of the object. To avoid this, the
-safe navigation operator returns null instead of throwing an exception. The following
-example shows how to use the safe navigation operator:
+The safe navigation operator (`?`) is used to avoid a `NullPointerException` and comes
+from the https://www.groovy-lang.org/operators.html#_safe_navigation_operator[Groovy]
+language. Typically, when you have a reference to an object, you might need to verify
+that it is not `null` before accessing methods or properties of the object. To avoid
+this, the safe navigation operator returns `null` for the particular null-safe operation
+instead of throwing an exception.
+
+[WARNING]
+====
+When the safe navigation operator evaluates to `null` for a particular null-safe
+operation within a compound expression, the remainder of the compound expression will
+still be evaluated.
+
+See <<expressions-operator-safe-navigation-compound-expressions>> for details.
+====
+
+[[expressions-operator-safe-navigation-property-access]]
+== Safe Property and Method Access
+
+The following example shows how to use the safe navigation operator for property access
+(`?.`).
 
 [tabs]
 ======
@@ -20,13 +35,18 @@ Java::
 	Inventor tesla = new Inventor("Nikola Tesla", "Serbian");
 	tesla.setPlaceOfBirth(new PlaceOfBirth("Smiljan"));
 
-	String city = parser.parseExpression("placeOfBirth?.city").getValue(context, tesla, String.class);
-	System.out.println(city);  // Smiljan
+	// evaluates to "Smiljan"
+	String city = parser.parseExpression("placeOfBirth?.city") // <1>
+			.getValue(context, tesla, String.class);
 
 	tesla.setPlaceOfBirth(null);
-	city = parser.parseExpression("placeOfBirth?.city").getValue(context, tesla, String.class);
-	System.out.println(city);  // null - does not throw NullPointerException!!!
+
+	// evaluates to null - does not throw NullPointerException
+	city = parser.parseExpression("placeOfBirth?.city") // <2>
+			.getValue(context, tesla, String.class);	
 ----
+<1> Use safe navigation operator on non-null `placeOfBirth` property
+<2> Use safe navigation operator on null `placeOfBirth` property
 
 Kotlin::
 +
@@ -38,14 +58,306 @@ Kotlin::
 	val tesla = Inventor("Nikola Tesla", "Serbian")
 	tesla.setPlaceOfBirth(PlaceOfBirth("Smiljan"))
 
-	var city = parser.parseExpression("placeOfBirth?.city").getValue(context, tesla, String::class.java)
-	println(city)  // Smiljan
+	// evaluates to "Smiljan"
+	var city = parser.parseExpression("placeOfBirth?.city") // <1>
+			.getValue(context, tesla, String::class.java)
 
 	tesla.setPlaceOfBirth(null)
-	city = parser.parseExpression("placeOfBirth?.city").getValue(context, tesla, String::class.java)
-	println(city)  // null - does not throw NullPointerException!!!
+
+	// evaluates to null - does not throw NullPointerException
+	city = parser.parseExpression("placeOfBirth?.city") // <2>
+			.getValue(context, tesla, String::class.java)
 ----
+<1> Use safe navigation operator on non-null `placeOfBirth` property
+<2> Use safe navigation operator on null `placeOfBirth` property
+======
+
+[NOTE]
+====
+The safe navigation operator also applies to method invocations on an object.
+
+For example, the expression `#calculator?.max(4, 2)` evaluates to `null` if the
+`#calculator` variable has not been configured in the context. Otherwise, the
+`max(int, int)` method will be invoked on the `#calculator`.
+====
+
+
+[[expressions-operator-safe-navigation-selection-and-projection]]
+== Safe Collection Selection and Projection
+
+The Spring Expression Language supports safe navigation for
+xref:core/expressions/language-ref/collection-selection.adoc[collection selection] and
+xref:core/expressions/language-ref/collection-projection.adoc[collection projection] via
+the following operators.
+
+* null-safe selection: `?.?`
+* null-safe select first: `?.^`
+* null-safe select last: `?.$`
+* null-safe projection: `?.!`
+
+The following example shows how to use the safe navigation operator for collection
+selection (`?.?`).
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
+----
+	ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();
+	IEEE society = new IEEE();
+	StandardEvaluationContext context = new StandardEvaluationContext(society);
+	String expression = "members?.?[nationality == 'Serbian']"; // <1>
+
+	// evaluates to [Inventor("Nikola Tesla")]
+	List<Inventor> list = (List<Inventor>) parser.parseExpression(expression)
+			.getValue(context);
+
+	society.members = null;
+
+	// evaluates to null - does not throw a NullPointerException
+	list = (List<Inventor>) parser.parseExpression(expression)
+			.getValue(context);
+----
+<1> Use null-safe selection operator on potentially null `members` list
+
+Kotlin::
++
+[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
+----
+	val parser = SpelExpressionParser()
+	val society = IEEE()
+	val context = StandardEvaluationContext(society)
+	val expression = "members?.?[nationality == 'Serbian']" // <1>
+
+	// evaluates to [Inventor("Nikola Tesla")]
+	var list = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+			.getValue(context) as List<Inventor>
+
+	society.members = null
+
+	// evaluates to null - does not throw a NullPointerException
+	list = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+			.getValue(context) as List<Inventor>
+----
+<1> Use null-safe selection operator on potentially null `members` list
+======
+
+The following example shows how to use the "null-safe select first" operator for
+collections (`?.^`).
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
+----
+	ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();
+	IEEE society = new IEEE();
+	StandardEvaluationContext context = new StandardEvaluationContext(society);
+	String expression =
+		"members?.^[nationality == 'Serbian' || nationality == 'Idvor']"; // <1>
+
+	// evaluates to Inventor("Nikola Tesla")
+	Inventor inventor = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+			.getValue(context, Inventor.class);
+
+	society.members = null;
+
+	// evaluates to null - does not throw a NullPointerException
+	inventor = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+			.getValue(context, Inventor.class);
+----
+<1> Use "null-safe select first" operator on potentially null `members` list
+
+Kotlin::
++
+[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
+----
+	val parser = SpelExpressionParser()
+	val society = IEEE()
+	val context = StandardEvaluationContext(society)
+	val expression =
+		"members?.^[nationality == 'Serbian' || nationality == 'Idvor']" // <1>
+
+	// evaluates to Inventor("Nikola Tesla")
+	var inventor = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+			.getValue(context, Inventor::class.java)
+
+	society.members = null
+
+	// evaluates to null - does not throw a NullPointerException
+	inventor = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+			.getValue(context, Inventor::class.java)
+----
+<1> Use "null-safe select first" operator on potentially null `members` list
 ======
 
 
+The following example shows how to use the "null-safe select last" operator for
+collections (`?.$`).
 
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
+----
+	ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();
+	IEEE society = new IEEE();
+	StandardEvaluationContext context = new StandardEvaluationContext(society);
+	String expression =
+		"members?.$[nationality == 'Serbian' || nationality == 'Idvor']"; // <1>
+
+	// evaluates to Inventor("Pupin")
+	Inventor inventor = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+			.getValue(context, Inventor.class);
+
+	society.members = null;
+
+	// evaluates to null - does not throw a NullPointerException
+	inventor = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+			.getValue(context, Inventor.class);
+----
+<1> Use "null-safe select last" operator on potentially null `members` list
+
+Kotlin::
++
+[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
+----
+	val parser = SpelExpressionParser()
+	val society = IEEE()
+	val context = StandardEvaluationContext(society)
+	val expression =
+		"members?.$[nationality == 'Serbian' || nationality == 'Idvor']" // <1>
+
+	// evaluates to Inventor("Pupin")
+	var inventor = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+			.getValue(context, Inventor::class.java)
+
+	society.members = null
+
+	// evaluates to null - does not throw a NullPointerException
+	inventor = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+			.getValue(context, Inventor::class.java)
+----
+<1> Use "null-safe select last" operator on potentially null `members` list
+======
+
+The following example shows how to use the safe navigation operator for collection
+projection (`?.!`).
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
+----
+	ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();
+	IEEE society = new IEEE();
+	StandardEvaluationContext context = new StandardEvaluationContext(society);
+
+	// evaluates to ["Smiljan", "Idvor"]
+	List placesOfBirth = parser.parseExpression("members?.![placeOfBirth.city]") // <1>
+			.getValue(context, List.class);
+
+	society.members = null;
+
+	// evaluates to null - does not throw a NullPointerException
+	placesOfBirth = parser.parseExpression("members?.![placeOfBirth.city]") // <2>
+			.getValue(context, List.class);
+----
+<1> Use null-safe projection operator on non-null `members` list
+<2> Use null-safe projection operator on null `members` list
+
+Kotlin::
++
+[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
+----
+	val parser = SpelExpressionParser()
+	val society = IEEE()
+	val context = StandardEvaluationContext(society)
+
+	// evaluates to ["Smiljan", "Idvor"]
+	var placesOfBirth = parser.parseExpression("members?.![placeOfBirth.city]") // <1>
+			.getValue(context, List::class.java)
+
+	society.members = null
+
+	// evaluates to null - does not throw a NullPointerException
+	placesOfBirth = parser.parseExpression("members?.![placeOfBirth.city]") // <2>
+			.getValue(context, List::class.java)
+----
+<1> Use null-safe projection operator on non-null `members` list
+<2> Use null-safe projection operator on null `members` list
+======
+
+
+[[expressions-operator-safe-navigation-compound-expressions]]
+== Null-safe Operations in Compound Expressions
+
+As mentioned at the beginning of this section, when the safe navigation operator
+evaluates to `null` for a particular null-safe operation within a compound expression,
+the remainder of the compound expression will still be evaluated. This means that the
+safe navigation operator must be applied throughout a compound expression in order to
+avoid any unwanted `NullPointerException`.
+
+Given the expression `#person?.address.city`, if `#person` is `null` the safe navigation
+operator (`?.`) ensures that no exception will be thrown when attempting to access the
+`address` property of `#person`. However, since `#person?.address` evaluates to `null`, a
+`NullPointerException` will be thrown when attempting to access the `city` property of
+`null`. To address that, you can apply null-safe navigation throughout the compound
+expression as in `#person?.address?.city`. That expression will safely evaluate to `null`
+if either `#person` or `#person?.address` evaluates to `null`.
+
+The following example demonstrates how to use the "null-safe select first" operator
+(`?.^`) on a collection combined with null-safe property access (`?.`) within a compound
+expression. If `members` is `null`, the result of the "null-safe select first" operator
+(`members?.^[nationality == 'Serbian']`) evaluates to `null`, and the additional use of
+the safe navigation operator (`?.name`) ensures that the entire compound expression
+evaluates to `null` instead of throwing an exception.
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
+----
+	ExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();
+	IEEE society = new IEEE();
+	StandardEvaluationContext context = new StandardEvaluationContext(society);
+	String expression = "members?.^[nationality == 'Serbian']?.name"; // <1>
+
+	// evaluates to "Nikola Tesla"
+	String name = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+			.getValue(context, String.class);
+
+	society.members = null;
+
+	// evaluates to null - does not throw a NullPointerException
+	name = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+			.getValue(context, String.class);
+----
+<1> Use "null-safe select first" and null-safe property access operators within compound expression.
+
+Kotlin::
++
+[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
+----
+	val parser = SpelExpressionParser()
+	val society = IEEE()
+	val context = StandardEvaluationContext(society)
+	val expression = "members?.^[nationality == 'Serbian']?.name" // <1>
+
+	// evaluates to "Nikola Tesla"
+	String name = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+			.getValue(context, String::class.java)
+
+	society.members = null
+
+	// evaluates to null - does not throw a NullPointerException
+	name = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+			.getValue(context, String::class.java)
+----
+<1> Use "null-safe select first" and null-safe property access operators within compound expression.
+======

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/expressions/language-ref/operators.adoc

@@ -5,8 +5,11 @@ The Spring Expression Language supports the following kinds of operators:
 
 * xref:core/expressions/language-ref/operators.adoc#expressions-operators-relational[Relational Operators]
 * xref:core/expressions/language-ref/operators.adoc#expressions-operators-logical[Logical Operators]
+* xref:core/expressions/language-ref/operators.adoc#expressions-operators-string[String Operators]
 * xref:core/expressions/language-ref/operators.adoc#expressions-operators-mathematical[Mathematical Operators]
 * xref:core/expressions/language-ref/operators.adoc#expressions-assignment[The Assignment Operator]
+* xref:core/expressions/language-ref/operators.adoc#expressions-operators-overloaded[Overloaded Operators]
+
 
 
 [[expressions-operators-relational]]
@@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ The Spring Expression Language supports the following kinds of operators:
 The relational operators (equal, not equal, less than, less than or equal, greater than,
 and greater than or equal) are supported by using standard operator notation.
 These operators work on `Number` types as well as types implementing `Comparable`.
-The following listing shows a few examples of operators:
+The following listing shows a few examples of relational operators:
 
 [tabs]
 ======
@@ -65,53 +68,9 @@ If you prefer numeric comparisons instead, avoid number-based `null` comparisons
 in favor of comparisons against zero (for example, `X > 0` or `X < 0`).
 ====
 
-In addition to the standard relational operators, SpEL supports the `instanceof` and regular
-expression-based `matches` operator. The following listing shows examples of both:
-
-[tabs]
-======
-Java::
-+
-[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
-----
-	// evaluates to false
-	boolean falseValue = parser.parseExpression(
-			"'xyz' instanceof T(Integer)").getValue(Boolean.class);
-
-	// evaluates to true
-	boolean trueValue = parser.parseExpression(
-			"'5.00' matches '^-?\\d+(\\.\\d{2})?$'").getValue(Boolean.class);
-
-	// evaluates to false
-	boolean falseValue = parser.parseExpression(
-			"'5.0067' matches '^-?\\d+(\\.\\d{2})?$'").getValue(Boolean.class);
-----
-
-Kotlin::
-+
-[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
-----
-	// evaluates to false
-	val falseValue = parser.parseExpression(
-			"'xyz' instanceof T(Integer)").getValue(Boolean::class.java)
-
-	// evaluates to true
-	val trueValue = parser.parseExpression(
-			"'5.00' matches '^-?\\d+(\\.\\d{2})?$'").getValue(Boolean::class.java)
-
-	// evaluates to false
-	val falseValue = parser.parseExpression(
-			"'5.0067' matches '^-?\\d+(\\.\\d{2})?$'").getValue(Boolean::class.java)
-----
-======
-
-CAUTION: Be careful with primitive types, as they are immediately boxed up to their
-wrapper types. For example, `1 instanceof T(int)` evaluates to `false`, while
-`1 instanceof T(Integer)` evaluates to `true`, as expected.
-
-Each symbolic operator can also be specified as a purely alphabetic equivalent. This
-avoids problems where the symbols used have special meaning for the document type in
-which the expression is embedded (such as in an XML document). The textual equivalents are:
+Each symbolic operator can also be specified as a purely textual equivalent. This avoids
+problems where the symbols used have special meaning for the document type in which the
+expression is embedded (such as in an XML document). The textual equivalents are:
 
 * `lt` (`<`)
 * `gt` (`>`)
@@ -119,22 +78,117 @@ which the expression is embedded (such as in an XML document). The textual equiv
 * `ge` (`>=`)
 * `eq` (`==`)
 * `ne` (`!=`)
-* `div` (`/`)
-* `mod` (`%`)
-* `not` (`!`).
 
 All of the textual operators are case-insensitive.
 
+In addition to the standard relational operators, SpEL supports the `between`,
+`instanceof`, and regular expression-based `matches` operators. The following listing
+shows examples of all three:
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
+----
+	boolean result;
+
+	// evaluates to true
+	result = parser.parseExpression(
+			"1 between {1, 5}").getValue(Boolean.class);
+
+	// evaluates to false
+	result = parser.parseExpression(
+			"1 between {10, 15}").getValue(Boolean.class);
+
+	// evaluates to true
+	result = parser.parseExpression(
+			"'elephant' between {'aardvark', 'zebra'}").getValue(Boolean.class);
+
+	// evaluates to false
+	result = parser.parseExpression(
+			"'elephant' between {'aardvark', 'cobra'}").getValue(Boolean.class);
+
+	// evaluates to true
+	result = parser.parseExpression(
+			"123 instanceof T(Integer)").getValue(Boolean.class);
+
+	// evaluates to false
+	result = parser.parseExpression(
+			"'xyz' instanceof T(Integer)").getValue(Boolean.class);
+
+	// evaluates to true
+	result = parser.parseExpression(
+			"'5.00' matches '^-?\\d+(\\.\\d{2})?$'").getValue(Boolean.class);
+
+	// evaluates to false
+	result = parser.parseExpression(
+			"'5.0067' matches '^-?\\d+(\\.\\d{2})?$'").getValue(Boolean.class);
+----
+
+Kotlin::
++
+[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
+----
+	// evaluates to true
+	var result = parser.parseExpression(
+			"1 between {1, 5}").getValue(Boolean::class.java)
+
+	// evaluates to false
+	result = parser.parseExpression(
+			"1 between {10, 15}").getValue(Boolean::class.java)
+
+	// evaluates to true
+	result = parser.parseExpression(
+			"'elephant' between {'aardvark', 'zebra'}").getValue(Boolean::class.java)
+
+	// evaluates to false
+	result = parser.parseExpression(
+			"'elephant' between {'aardvark', 'cobra'}").getValue(Boolean::class.java)
+
+	// evaluates to true
+	result = parser.parseExpression(
+			"123 instanceof T(Integer)").getValue(Boolean::class.java)
+
+	// evaluates to false
+	result = parser.parseExpression(
+			"'xyz' instanceof T(Integer)").getValue(Boolean::class.java)
+
+	// evaluates to true
+	result = parser.parseExpression(
+			"'5.00' matches '^-?\\d+(\\.\\d{2})?$'").getValue(Boolean::class.java)
+
+	// evaluates to false
+	result = parser.parseExpression(
+			"'5.0067' matches '^-?\\d+(\\.\\d{2})?$'").getValue(Boolean::class.java)
+----
+======
+
+[CAUTION]
+====
+The syntax for the `between` operator is `<input> between {<range_begin>, <range_end>}`,
+which is effectively a shortcut for `<input> >= <range_begin> && <input> \<= <range_end>}`.
+
+Consequently, `1 between {1, 5}` evaluates to `true`, while `1 between {5, 1}` evaluates
+to `false`.
+====
+
+CAUTION: Be careful with primitive types, as they are immediately boxed up to their
+wrapper types. For example, `1 instanceof T(int)` evaluates to `false`, while
+`1 instanceof T(Integer)` evaluates to `true`.
+
 
 [[expressions-operators-logical]]
 == Logical Operators
 
-SpEL supports the following logical operators:
+SpEL supports the following logical (`boolean`) operators:
 
 * `and` (`&&`)
 * `or` (`||`)
 * `not` (`!`)
 
+All of the textual operators are case-insensitive.
+
 The following example shows how to use the logical operators:
 
 [tabs]
@@ -167,6 +221,7 @@ Java::
 	boolean falseValue = parser.parseExpression("!true").getValue(Boolean.class);
 
 	// -- AND and NOT --
+
 	String expression = "isMember('Nikola Tesla') and !isMember('Mihajlo Pupin')";
 	boolean falseValue = parser.parseExpression(expression).getValue(societyContext, Boolean.class);
 ----
@@ -199,20 +254,24 @@ Kotlin::
 	val falseValue = parser.parseExpression("!true").getValue(Boolean::class.java)
 
 	// -- AND and NOT --
+
 	val expression = "isMember('Nikola Tesla') and !isMember('Mihajlo Pupin')"
 	val falseValue = parser.parseExpression(expression).getValue(societyContext, Boolean::class.java)
 ----
 ======
 
 
-[[expressions-operators-mathematical]]
-== Mathematical Operators
+[[expressions-operators-string]]
+== String Operators
 
-You can use the addition operator (`+`) on both numbers and strings. You can use the
-subtraction (`-`), multiplication (`*`), and division (`/`) operators only on numbers.
-You can also use the modulus (`%`) and exponential power (`^`) operators on numbers.
-Standard operator precedence is enforced. The following example shows the mathematical
-operators in use:
+You can use the following operators on strings.
+
+* concatenation (`+`)
+* subtraction (`-`)
+  - for use with a string containing a single character
+* repeat (`*`)
+
+The following example shows the `String` operators in use:
 
 [tabs]
 ======
@@ -220,67 +279,212 @@ Java::
 +
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
 ----
-	// Addition
-	int two = parser.parseExpression("1 + 1").getValue(Integer.class);  // 2
+	// -- Concatenation --
 
-	String testString = parser.parseExpression(
-			"'test' + ' ' + 'string'").getValue(String.class);  // 'test string'
+	// evaluates to "hello world"
+	String helloWorld = parser.parseExpression("'hello' + ' ' + 'world'")
+			.getValue(String.class);
 
-	// Subtraction
-	int four = parser.parseExpression("1 - -3").getValue(Integer.class);  // 4
+	// -- Character Subtraction --
 
-	double d = parser.parseExpression("1000.00 - 1e4").getValue(Double.class);  // -9000
+	// evaluates to 'a'
+	char ch = parser.parseExpression("'d' - 3")
+			.getValue(char.class);
 
-	// Multiplication
-	int six = parser.parseExpression("-2 * -3").getValue(Integer.class);  // 6
+	// -- Repeat --
 
-	double twentyFour = parser.parseExpression("2.0 * 3e0 * 4").getValue(Double.class);  // 24.0
-
-	// Division
-	int minusTwo = parser.parseExpression("6 / -3").getValue(Integer.class);  // -2
-
-	double one = parser.parseExpression("8.0 / 4e0 / 2").getValue(Double.class);  // 1.0
-
-	// Modulus
-	int three = parser.parseExpression("7 % 4").getValue(Integer.class);  // 3
-
-	int one = parser.parseExpression("8 / 5 % 2").getValue(Integer.class);  // 1
-
-	// Operator precedence
-	int minusTwentyOne = parser.parseExpression("1+2-3*8").getValue(Integer.class);  // -21
+	// evaluates to "abcabc"
+	String repeated = parser.parseExpression("'abc' * 2")
+			.getValue(String.class);
 ----
 
 Kotlin::
 +
 [source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
 ----
-	// Addition
-	val two = parser.parseExpression("1 + 1").getValue(Int::class.java)  // 2
+	// -- Concatenation --
 
-	val testString = parser.parseExpression(
-			"'test' + ' ' + 'string'").getValue(String::class.java)  // 'test string'
+	// evaluates to "hello world"
+	val helloWorld = parser.parseExpression("'hello' + ' ' + 'world'")
+			.getValue(String::class.java)
+
+	// -- Character Subtraction --
+
+	// evaluates to 'a'
+	val ch = parser.parseExpression("'d' - 3")
+			.getValue(Character::class.java);
+
+	// -- Repeat --
+
+	// evaluates to "abcabc"
+	val repeated = parser.parseExpression("'abc' * 2")
+			.getValue(String::class.java);
+----
+======
+
+[[expressions-operators-mathematical]]
+== Mathematical Operators
+
+You can use the following operators on numbers, and standard operator precedence is enforced.
+
+* addition (`+`)
+* subtraction (`-`)
+* increment (`{pp}`)
+* decrement (`--`)
+* multiplication (`*`)
+* division (`/`)
+* modulus (`%`)
+* exponential power (`^`)
+
+The division and modulus operators can also be specified as a purely textual equivalent.
+This avoids problems where the symbols used have special meaning for the document type in
+which the expression is embedded (such as in an XML document). The textual equivalents
+are:
+
+* `div` (`/`)
+* `mod` (`%`)
+
+All of the textual operators are case-insensitive.
+
+[NOTE]
+====
+The increment and decrement operators can be used with either prefix (`{pp}A`, `--A`) or
+postfix (`A{pp}`, `A--`) notation with variables or properties that can be written to.
+====
+
+The following example shows the mathematical operators in use:
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
+----
+	Inventor inventor = new Inventor();
+	EvaluationContext context = SimpleEvaluationContext.forReadWriteDataBinding().build();
+
+	// -- Addition --
+
+	int two = parser.parseExpression("1 + 1").getValue(int.class);  // 2
+
+	// -- Subtraction --
+
+	int four = parser.parseExpression("1 - -3").getValue(int.class);  // 4
+
+	double d = parser.parseExpression("1000.00 - 1e4").getValue(double.class);  // -9000
+
+	// -- Increment --
+
+	// The counter property in Inventor has an initial value of 0.
+
+	// evaluates to 2; counter is now 1
+	two = parser.parseExpression("counter++ + 2").getValue(context, inventor, int.class);
+
+	// evaluates to 5; counter is now 2
+	int five = parser.parseExpression("3 + ++counter").getValue(context, inventor, int.class);
+
+	// -- Decrement --
+
+	// The counter property in Inventor has a value of 2.
+
+	// evaluates to 6; counter is now 1
+	int six = parser.parseExpression("counter-- + 4").getValue(context, inventor, int.class);
+
+	// evaluates to 5; counter is now 0
+	five = parser.parseExpression("5 + --counter").getValue(context, inventor, int.class);
+
+	// -- Multiplication --
+
+	six = parser.parseExpression("-2 * -3").getValue(int.class);  // 6
+
+	double twentyFour = parser.parseExpression("2.0 * 3e0 * 4").getValue(double.class);  // 24.0
+
+	// -- Division --
+
+	int minusTwo = parser.parseExpression("6 / -3").getValue(int.class);  // -2
+
+	double one = parser.parseExpression("8.0 / 4e0 / 2").getValue(double.class);  // 1.0
+
+	// -- Modulus --
+
+	int three = parser.parseExpression("7 % 4").getValue(int.class);  // 3
+
+	int oneInt = parser.parseExpression("8 / 5 % 2").getValue(int.class);  // 1
+
+	// -- Exponential power --
+
+	int maxInt = parser.parseExpression("(2^31) - 1").getValue(int.class);  // Integer.MAX_VALUE
+
+	int minInt = parser.parseExpression("-2^31").getValue(int.class);  // Integer.MIN_VALUE
+
+	// -- Operator precedence --
+
+	int minusTwentyOne = parser.parseExpression("1+2-3*8").getValue(int.class);  // -21
+----
+
+Kotlin::
++
+[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
+----
+	val inventor = Inventor()
+	val context = SimpleEvaluationContext.forReadWriteDataBinding().build()
+
+	// -- Addition --
+
+	var two = parser.parseExpression("1 + 1").getValue(Int::class.java)  // 2
+
+	// -- Subtraction --
 
-	// Subtraction
 	val four = parser.parseExpression("1 - -3").getValue(Int::class.java)  // 4
 
 	val d = parser.parseExpression("1000.00 - 1e4").getValue(Double::class.java)  // -9000
 
-	// Multiplication
-	val six = parser.parseExpression("-2 * -3").getValue(Int::class.java)  // 6
+	// -- Increment --
+
+	// The counter property in Inventor has an initial value of 0.
+
+	// evaluates to 2; counter is now 1
+	two = parser.parseExpression("counter++ + 2").getValue(context, inventor, Int::class.java)
+
+	// evaluates to 5; counter is now 2
+	var five = parser.parseExpression("3 + ++counter").getValue(context, inventor, Int::class.java)
+
+	// -- Decrement --
+
+	// The counter property in Inventor has a value of 2.
+
+	// evaluates to 6; counter is now 1
+	var six = parser.parseExpression("counter-- + 4").getValue(context, inventor, Int::class.java)
+
+	// evaluates to 5; counter is now 0
+	five = parser.parseExpression("5 + --counter").getValue(context, inventor, Int::class.java)
+
+	// -- Multiplication --
+
+	six = parser.parseExpression("-2 * -3").getValue(Int::class.java)  // 6
 
 	val twentyFour = parser.parseExpression("2.0 * 3e0 * 4").getValue(Double::class.java)  // 24.0
 
-	// Division
+	// -- Division --
+
 	val minusTwo = parser.parseExpression("6 / -3").getValue(Int::class.java)  // -2
 
 	val one = parser.parseExpression("8.0 / 4e0 / 2").getValue(Double::class.java)  // 1.0
 
-	// Modulus
+	// -- Modulus --
+
 	val three = parser.parseExpression("7 % 4").getValue(Int::class.java)  // 3
 
-	val one = parser.parseExpression("8 / 5 % 2").getValue(Int::class.java)  // 1
+	val oneInt = parser.parseExpression("8 / 5 % 2").getValue(Int::class.java)  // 1
+
+	// -- Exponential power --
+
+	val maxInt = parser.parseExpression("(2^31) - 1").getValue(Int::class.java)  // Integer.MAX_VALUE
+
+	val minInt = parser.parseExpression("-2^31").getValue(Int::class.java)  // Integer.MIN_VALUE
+
+	// -- Operator precedence --
 
-	// Operator precedence
 	val minusTwentyOne = parser.parseExpression("1+2-3*8").getValue(Int::class.java)  // -21	
 ----
 ======
@@ -325,3 +529,83 @@ Kotlin::
 ======
 
 
+[[expressions-operators-overloaded]]
+== Overloaded Operators
+
+By default, the mathematical operations defined in SpEL's `Operation` enum (`ADD`,
+`SUBTRACT`, `DIVIDE`, `MULTIPLY`, `MODULUS`, and `POWER`) support simple types like
+numbers. By providing an implementation of `OperatorOverloader`, the expression language
+can support these operations on other types.
+
+For example, if we want to overload the `ADD` operator to allow two lists to be
+concatenated using the `+` sign, we can implement a custom `OperatorOverloader` as
+follows.
+
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
+----
+	pubic class ListConcatenation implements OperatorOverloader {
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean overridesOperation(Operation operation, Object left, Object right) {
+			return (operation == Operation.ADD &&
+					left instanceof List && right instanceof List);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+		public Object operate(Operation operation, Object left, Object right) {
+			if (operation == Operation.ADD &&
+					left instanceof List list1 && right instanceof List list2) {
+
+				List result = new ArrayList(list1);
+				result.addAll(list2);
+				return result;
+			}
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+				"No overload for operation %s and operands [%s] and [%s]"
+					.formatted(operation, left, right));
+		}
+	}
+----
+
+If we register `ListConcatenation` as the `OperatorOverloader` in a
+`StandardEvaluationContext`, we can then evaluate expressions like `{1, 2, 3} + {4, 5}`
+as demonstrated in the following example.
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
+----
+	StandardEvaluationContext context = new StandardEvaluationContext();
+	context.setOperatorOverloader(new ListConcatenation());
+
+	// evaluates to a new list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+	parser.parseExpression("{1, 2, 3} + {2 + 2, 5}").getValue(context, List.class);
+----
+
+Kotlin::
++
+[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
+----
+	StandardEvaluationContext context = StandardEvaluationContext()
+	context.setOperatorOverloader(ListConcatenation())
+
+	// evaluates to a new list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+	parser.parseExpression("{1, 2, 3} + {2 + 2, 5}").getValue(context, List::class.java)
+----
+======
+
+[NOTE]
+====
+An `OperatorOverloader` does not change the default semantics for an operator. For
+example, `2 + 2` in the above example still evaluates to `4`.
+====
+
+[CAUTION]
+====
+Any expression that uses an overloaded operator cannot be compiled. See
+xref:core/expressions/evaluation.adoc#expressions-compiler-limitations[Compiler Limitations]
+for details.
+====

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/expressions/language-ref/templating.adoc

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [[expressions-templating]]
-= Expression templating
+= Expression Templating
 
 Expression templates allow mixing literal text with one or more evaluation blocks.
 Each evaluation block is delimited with prefix and suffix characters that you can
@@ -32,53 +32,13 @@ Kotlin::
 ======
 
 The string is evaluated by concatenating the literal text `'random number is '` with the
-result of evaluating the expression inside the `#{ }` delimiter (in this case, the result
-of calling that `random()` method). The second argument to the `parseExpression()` method
-is of the type `ParserContext`. The `ParserContext` interface is used to influence how
-the expression is parsed in order to support the expression templating functionality.
-The definition of `TemplateParserContext` follows:
-
-[tabs]
-======
-Java::
-+
-[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
-----
-	public class TemplateParserContext implements ParserContext {
-
-		public String getExpressionPrefix() {
-			return "#{";
-		}
-
-		public String getExpressionSuffix() {
-			return "}";
-		}
-
-		public boolean isTemplate() {
-			return true;
-		}
-	}
-----
-
-Kotlin::
-+
-[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
-----
-	class TemplateParserContext : ParserContext {
-
-		override fun getExpressionPrefix(): String {
-			return "#{"
-		}
-
-		override fun getExpressionSuffix(): String {
-			return "}"
-		}
-
-		override fun isTemplate(): Boolean {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-----
-======
+result of evaluating the expression inside the `#{ }` delimiters (in this case, the
+result of calling that `random()` method). The second argument to the `parseExpression()`
+method is of the type `ParserContext`. The `ParserContext` interface is used to influence
+how the expression is parsed in order to support the expression templating functionality.
+The `TemplateParserContext` used in the previous example resides in the
+`org.springframework.expression.common` package and is an implementation of the
+`ParserContext` which by default configures the prefix and suffix to `#{` and `}`,
+respectively.
 
 

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/expressions/language-ref/variables.adoc

@@ -6,15 +6,27 @@ are set by using the `setVariable()` method in `EvaluationContext` implementatio
 
 [NOTE]
 ====
-Valid variable names must be composed of one or more of the following supported
+Variable names must be begin with a letter (as defined below), an underscore, or a dollar
+sign.
+
+Variable names must be composed of one or more of the following supported types of
 characters.
 
-* letters: `A` to `Z` and `a` to `z`
-* digits: `0` to `9`
+* letter: any character for which `java.lang.Character.isLetter(char)` returns `true`
+  - This includes letters such as `A` to `Z`, `a` to `z`, `ü`, `ñ`, and `é` as well as
+    letters from other character sets such as Chinese, Japanese, Cyrillic, etc.
+* digit: `0` to `9`
 * underscore: `_`
 * dollar sign: `$`
 ====
 
+[WARNING]
+====
+Since variables share a common namespace with
+xref:core/expressions/language-ref/functions.adoc[functions] in the evaluation context,
+care must be taken to ensure that variable names and functions names do not overlap.
+====
+
 The following example shows how to use variables.
 
 [tabs]

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/validation/beanvalidation.adoc

@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ Kotlin::
 ----
 ======
 
-A `ConstraintViolation` on `Person.name()` is adapted to a `FieldErrro` with the following:
+A `ConstraintViolation` on `Person.name()` is adapted to a `FieldError` with the following:
 
 - Error codes `"Size.student.name"`, `"Size.name"`, `"Size.java.lang.String"`, and `"Size"`
 - Message arguments `"name"`, `10`, and `1` (the field name and the constraint attributes)

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/data-access/jdbc/core.adoc

@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ For example, with positional parameters:
 
 	public int countOfActorsByFirstName(String firstName) {
 		return this.jdbcClient.sql("select count(*) from t_actor where first_name = ?")
-				.param(firstName);
+				.param(firstName)
 				.query(Integer.class).single();
 	}
 ----
@@ -730,7 +730,7 @@ For example, with named parameters:
 
 	public int countOfActorsByFirstName(String firstName) {
 		return this.jdbcClient.sql("select count(*) from t_actor where first_name = :firstName")
-				.param("firstName", firstName);
+				.param("firstName", firstName)
 				.query(Integer.class).single();
 	}
 ----
@@ -759,8 +759,8 @@ With a required single object result:
 
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
-	Actor actor = this.jdbcClient.sql("select first_name, last_name from t_actor where id = ?",
-			.param(1212L);
+	Actor actor = this.jdbcClient.sql("select first_name, last_name from t_actor where id = ?")
+			.param(1212L)
 			.query(Actor.class)
 			.single();
 ----
@@ -769,8 +769,8 @@ With a `java.util.Optional` result:
 
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
-	Optional<Actor> actor = this.jdbcClient.sql("select first_name, last_name from t_actor where id = ?",
-			.param(1212L);
+	Optional<Actor> actor = this.jdbcClient.sql("select first_name, last_name from t_actor where id = ?")
+			.param(1212L)
 			.query(Actor.class)
 			.optional();
 ----
@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ And for an update statement:
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
 	this.jdbcClient.sql("insert into t_actor (first_name, last_name) values (?, ?)")
-			.param("Leonor").param("Watling");
+			.param("Leonor").param("Watling")
 			.update();
 ----
 
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ Or an update statement with named parameters:
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
 	this.jdbcClient.sql("insert into t_actor (first_name, last_name) values (:firstName, :lastName)")
-			.param("firstName", "Leonor").param("lastName", "Watling");
+			.param("firstName", "Leonor").param("lastName", "Watling")
 			.update();
 ----
 
@@ -800,7 +800,7 @@ provides `firstName` and `lastName` properties, such as the `Actor` class from a
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
 	this.jdbcClient.sql("insert into t_actor (first_name, last_name) values (:firstName, :lastName)")
-			.paramSource(new Actor("Leonor", "Watling");
+			.paramSource(new Actor("Leonor", "Watling")
 			.update();
 ----
 

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/index.adoc

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ WebSocket, RSocket.
 xref:integration.adoc[Integration] :: REST Clients, JMS, JCA, JMX,
 Email, Tasks, Scheduling, Caching, Observability, JVM Checkpoint Restore.
 xref:languages.adoc[Languages] :: Kotlin, Groovy, Dynamic Languages.
-xref:testing/appendix.adoc[Appendix] :: Spring properties.
+xref:appendix.adoc[Appendix] :: Spring properties.
 {spring-framework-wiki}[Wiki] :: What's New,
 Upgrade Notes, Supported Versions, additional cross-version information.
 

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/integration/cds.adoc

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-[[class-data-sharing]]
-= Class Data Sharing
+[[cds]]
+= CDS
+:page-aliases: integration/class-data-sharing.adoc
 
 Class Data Sharing (CDS) is a https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/17/vm/class-data-sharing.html[JVM feature]
 that can help reduce the startup time and memory footprint of Java applications.

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/integration/rest-clients.adoc

@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ val defaultClient = RestClient.create()
 
 val customClient = RestClient.builder()
   .requestFactory(HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory())
-  .messageConverters(converters -> converters.add(MyCustomMessageConverter()))
+  .messageConverters { converters -> converters.add(MyCustomMessageConverter()) }
   .baseUrl("https://example.com")
-  .defaultUriVariables(Map.of("variable", "foo"))
+  .defaultUriVariables(mapOf("variable" to "foo"))
   .defaultHeader("My-Header", "Foo")
   .requestInterceptor(myCustomInterceptor)
   .requestInitializer(myCustomInitializer)
@@ -973,6 +973,9 @@ method parameters:
   `Map<String, ?>` with multiple variables, or an individual value. Type conversion
   is supported for non-String values.
 
+| `@RequestAttribute`
+| Provide an `Object` to add as a request attribute. Only supported by `WebClient`.
+
 | `@RequestBody`
 | Provide the body of the request either as an Object to be serialized, or a
   Reactive Streams `Publisher` such as `Mono`, `Flux`, or any other async type supported

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/languages/kotlin/spring-projects-in.adoc

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ public class SampleConfiguration {
 
 As a consequence, the related bean name represented as a Kotlin string is `"sampleBean\$demo_kotlin_internal_test"`,
 instead of `"sampleBean"` for the regular `public` function use-case. Make sure to use the mangled name when injecting
-such bean by name.
+such bean by name, or add `@JvmName("sampleBean")` to disable name mangling.
 
 [[injecting-configuration-properties]]
 == Injecting Configuration Properties

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/testing/spring-mvc-test-framework/server-setup-options.adoc

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ Kotlin::
 		@Autowired
 		lateinit var accountService: AccountService
 
-		lateinit mockMvc: MockMvc
+		lateinit var mockMvc: MockMvc
 
 		@BeforeEach
 		fun setup(wac: WebApplicationContext) {

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webflux-functional.adoc

@@ -782,6 +782,73 @@ Kotlin::
 ======
 
 
+[[webflux-fn-serving-resources]]
+== Serving Resources
+
+WebFlux.fn provides built-in support for serving resources.
+
+NOTE: In addition to the capabilities described below, it is possible to implement even more flexible resource handling thanks to
+{spring-framework-api}++/web/reactive/function/server/RouterFunctions.html#resources(java.util.function.Function)++[`RouterFunctions#resource(java.util.function.Function)`].
+
+[[webflux-fn-resource]]
+=== Redirecting to a resource
+
+It is possible to redirect requests matching a specified predicate to a resource. This can be useful, for example,
+for handling redirects in Single Page Applications.
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
+----
+	ClassPathResource index = new ClassPathResource("static/index.html");
+	List<String> extensions = List.of("js", "css", "ico", "png", "jpg", "gif");
+	RequestPredicate spaPredicate = path("/api/**").or(path("/error")).or(pathExtension(extensions::contains)).negate();
+	RouterFunction<ServerResponse> redirectToIndex = route()
+		.resource(spaPredicate, index)
+		.build();
+----
+
+Kotlin::
++
+[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
+----
+	val redirectToIndex = router {
+		val index = ClassPathResource("static/index.html")
+		val extensions = listOf("js", "css", "ico", "png", "jpg", "gif")
+		val spaPredicate = !(path("/api/**") or path("/error") or
+			pathExtension(extensions::contains))
+		resource(spaPredicate, index)
+	}
+----
+======
+
+[[webflux-fn-resources]]
+=== Serving resources from a root location
+
+It is also possible to route requests that match a given pattern to resources relative to a given root location.
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
+----
+    Resource location = new FileSystemResource("public-resources/");
+    RouterFunction<ServerResponse> resources = RouterFunctions.resources("/resources/**", location);
+----
+
+Kotlin::
++
+[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
+----
+    val location = FileSystemResource("public-resources/")
+    val resources = router { resources("/resources/**", location) }
+----
+======
+
+
 [[webflux-fn-running]]
 == Running a Server
 [.small]#xref:web/webmvc-functional.adoc#webmvc-fn-running[See equivalent in the Servlet stack]#

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webflux/controller/ann-requestmapping.adoc

@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ because, arguably, most controller methods should be mapped to a specific HTTP m
 using `@RequestMapping`, which, by default, matches to all HTTP methods. At the same time, a
 `@RequestMapping` is still needed at the class level to express shared mappings.
 
+NOTE: `@RequestMapping` cannot be used in conjunction with other `@RequestMapping`
+annotations that are declared on the same element (class, interface, or method). If
+multiple `@RequestMapping` annotations are detected on the same element, a warning will
+be logged, and only the first mapping will be used. This also applies to composed
+`@RequestMapping` annotations such as `@GetMapping`, `@PostMapping`, etc.
+
 The following example uses type and method level mappings:
 
 [tabs]
@@ -436,8 +442,14 @@ attributes with a narrower, more specific purpose.
 `@GetMapping`, `@PostMapping`, `@PutMapping`, `@DeleteMapping`, and `@PatchMapping` are
 examples of composed annotations. They are provided, because, arguably, most
 controller methods should be mapped to a specific HTTP method versus using `@RequestMapping`,
-which, by default, matches to all HTTP methods. If you need an example of composed
-annotations, look at how those are declared.
+which, by default, matches to all HTTP methods. If you need an example of how to implement
+a composed annotation, look at how those are declared.
+
+NOTE: `@RequestMapping` cannot be used in conjunction with other `@RequestMapping`
+annotations that are declared on the same element (class, interface, or method). If
+multiple `@RequestMapping` annotations are detected on the same element, a warning will
+be logged, and only the first mapping will be used. This also applies to composed
+`@RequestMapping` annotations such as `@GetMapping`, `@PostMapping`, etc.
 
 Spring WebFlux also supports custom request mapping attributes with custom request matching
 logic. This is a more advanced option that requires sub-classing
@@ -511,10 +523,17 @@ Kotlin::
 == `@HttpExchange`
 [.small]#xref:web/webmvc/mvc-controller/ann-requestmapping.adoc#mvc-ann-httpexchange-annotation[See equivalent in the Servlet stack]#
 
-As an alternative to  `@RequestMapping`, you can also handle requests with `@HttpExchange`
-methods. Such methods are declared on an
-xref:integration/rest-clients.adoc#rest-http-interface[HTTP Interface] and can be used as
-a client via `HttpServiceProxyFactory` or implemented by a server `@Controller`.
+While the main purpose of `@HttpExchange` is to abstract HTTP client code with a
+generated proxy, the
+xref:integration/rest-clients.adoc#rest-http-interface[HTTP Interface] on which
+such annotations are placed is a contract neutral to client vs server use.
+In addition to simplifying client code, there are also cases where an HTTP Interface
+may be a convenient way for servers to expose their API for client access. This leads
+to increased coupling between client and server and is often not a good choice,
+especially for public API's, but may be exactly the goal for an internal API.
+It is an approach commonly used in Spring Cloud, and it is why `@HttpExchange` is
+supported as an alternative to `@RequestMapping` for server side handling in
+controller classes.
 
 For example:
 
@@ -524,16 +543,23 @@ Java::
 +
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
 ----
-	@RestController
 	@HttpExchange("/persons")
-	class PersonController {
+	interface PersonService {
 
 		@GetExchange("/{id}")
+		Person getPerson(@PathVariable Long id);
+
+		@PostExchange
+		void add(@RequestBody Person person);
+	}
+
+	@RestController
+	class PersonController implements PersonService {
+
 		public Person getPerson(@PathVariable Long id) {
 			// ...
 		}
 
-		@PostExchange
 		@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
 		public void add(@RequestBody Person person) {
 			// ...
@@ -545,30 +571,38 @@ Kotlin::
 +
 [source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
 ----
-	@RestController
 	@HttpExchange("/persons")
-	class PersonController {
+	interface PersonService {
 
 		@GetExchange("/{id}")
-		fun getPerson(@PathVariable id: Long): Person {
+		fun getPerson(@PathVariable id: Long): Person
+
+		@PostExchange
+		fun add(@RequestBody person: Person)
+	}
+
+	@RestController
+	class PersonController : PersonService {
+
+		override fun getPerson(@PathVariable id: Long): Person {
 			// ...
 		}
 
-		@PostExchange
 		@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
-		fun add(@RequestBody person: Person) {
+		override fun add(@RequestBody person: Person) {
 			// ...
 		}
 	}
 ----
 ======
 
-There some differences between `@HttpExchange` and `@RequestMapping` since the
-former needs to remain suitable for client and server use. For example, while
-`@RequestMapping` can be declared to handle any number of paths and each path can
-be a pattern, `@HttpExchange` must be declared with a single, concrete path. There are
-also differences in the supported method parameters. Generally, `@HttpExchange` supports
-a subset of method parameters that `@RequestMapping` does, excluding any parameters that
-are server side only. For details see the list of supported method parameters for
-xref:integration/rest-clients.adoc#rest-http-interface-method-parameters[HTTP interface] and for
+`@HttpExchange` and `@RequestMapping` have differences.
+`@RequestMapping` can map to any number of requests by path patterns, HTTP methods,
+and more, while `@HttpExchange` declares a single endpoint with a concrete HTTP method,
+path, and content types.
+
+For method parameters and returns values, generally, `@HttpExchange` supports a
+subset of the method parameters that `@RequestMapping` does. Notably, it excludes any
+server-side specific parameter types. For details, see the list for
+xref:integration/rest-clients.adoc#rest-http-interface-method-parameters[@HttpExchange] and
 xref:web/webflux/controller/ann-methods/arguments.adoc[@RequestMapping].

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webflux/controller/ann-validation.adoc

@@ -8,22 +8,23 @@ Spring WebFlux has built-in xref:core/validation/validator.adoc[Validation] supp
 xref:core/validation/beanvalidation.adoc[Java Bean Validation].
 The validation support works on two levels.
 
-First, method parameters such as
+First, resolvers for
 xref:web/webflux/controller/ann-methods/modelattrib-method-args.adoc[@ModelAttribute],
 xref:web/webflux/controller/ann-methods/requestbody.adoc[@RequestBody], and
-xref:web/webflux/controller/ann-methods/multipart-forms.adoc[@RequestPart] do perform
-validation if annotated with Jakarta's `@Valid` or Spring's `@Validated` annotation, and
-raise `MethodArgumentNotValidException` in case of validation errors. If you want to handle
-the errors in the controller method instead, you can declare an `Errors` or `BindingResult`
-method parameter immediately after the validated parameter.
+xref:web/webflux/controller/ann-methods/multipart-forms.adoc[@RequestPart] method
+parameters perform validation if the parameter has Jakarta's `@Valid` or Spring's
+`@Validated` annotation, and raise `MethodArgumentNotValidException` if necessary.
+Alternatively, you can handle the errors in the controller method by adding an
+`Errors` or `BindingResult` method parameter immediately after the validated one.
 
-Second, if {bean-validation-site}[Java Bean Validation] is present _AND_ other method
-parameters, e.g. `@RequestHeader`, `@RequestParam`, `@PathVariable` have `@Constraint`
-annotations, then method validation is applied to all method arguments, raising
-`HandlerMethodValidationException` in case of validation errors. You can still declare an
-`Errors` or `BindingResult` after an `@Valid` method parameter, and handle validation
-errors within the controller method, as long as there are no validation errors on other
-method arguments.
+Second, if {bean-validation-site}[Java Bean Validation] is present _AND_ any method
+parameter has `@Constraint` annotations, then method validation is applied instead,
+raising `HandlerMethodValidationException` if necessary. For this case you can still add
+an `Errors` or `BindingResult` method parameter to handle validation errors within the
+controller method, but if other method arguments have validation errors then
+`HandlerMethodValidationException` is raised instead. Method validation can apply
+to the return value if the method is annotated with `@Valid` or with `@Constraint`
+annotations.
 
 You can configure a `Validator` globally through the
 xref:web/webflux/config.adoc#webflux-config-validation[WebMvc config], or locally

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webmvc-functional.adoc

@@ -760,6 +760,73 @@ Kotlin::
 ======
 
 
+[[webmvc-fn-serving-resources]]
+== Serving Resources
+
+WebMvc.fn provides built-in support for serving resources.
+
+NOTE: In addition to the capabilities described below, it is possible to implement even more flexible resource handling thanks to
+{spring-framework-api}++/web/servlet/function/RouterFunctions.html#resources(java.util.function.Function)++[`RouterFunctions#resource(java.util.function.Function)`].
+
+[[webmvc-fn-resource]]
+=== Redirecting to a resource
+
+It is possible to redirect requests matching a specified predicate to a resource. This can be useful, for example,
+for handling redirects in Single Page Applications.
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
+----
+    ClassPathResource index = new ClassPathResource("static/index.html");
+	List<String> extensions = List.of("js", "css", "ico", "png", "jpg", "gif");
+	RequestPredicate spaPredicate = path("/api/**").or(path("/error")).or(pathExtension(extensions::contains)).negate();
+	RouterFunction<ServerResponse> redirectToIndex = route()
+		.resource(spaPredicate, index)
+		.build();
+----
+
+Kotlin::
++
+[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
+----
+    val redirectToIndex = router {
+		val index = ClassPathResource("static/index.html")
+		val extensions = listOf("js", "css", "ico", "png", "jpg", "gif")
+		val spaPredicate = !(path("/api/**") or path("/error") or
+			pathExtension(extensions::contains))
+		resource(spaPredicate, index)
+	}
+----
+======
+
+[[webmvc-fn-resources]]
+=== Serving resources from a root location
+
+It is also possible to route requests that match a given pattern to resources relative to a given root location.
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
+----
+    Resource location = new FileSystemResource("public-resources/");
+    RouterFunction<ServerResponse> resources = RouterFunctions.resources("/resources/**", location);
+----
+
+Kotlin::
++
+[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
+----
+    val location = FileSystemResource("public-resources/")
+    val resources = router { resources("/resources/**", location) }
+----
+======
+
+
 [[webmvc-fn-running]]
 == Running a Server
 [.small]#xref:web/webflux-functional.adoc#webflux-fn-running[See equivalent in the Reactive stack]#

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webmvc/mvc-controller/ann-requestmapping.adoc

@@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ arguably, most controller methods should be mapped to a specific HTTP method ver
 using `@RequestMapping`, which, by default, matches to all HTTP methods.
 A `@RequestMapping` is still needed at the class level to express shared mappings.
 
+NOTE: `@RequestMapping` cannot be used in conjunction with other `@RequestMapping`
+annotations that are declared on the same element (class, interface, or method). If
+multiple `@RequestMapping` annotations are detected on the same element, a warning will
+be logged, and only the first mapping will be used. This also applies to composed
+`@RequestMapping` annotations such as `@GetMapping`, `@PostMapping`, etc.
+
 The following example has type and method level mappings:
 
 [tabs]
@@ -462,11 +468,6 @@ transparently for request mapping. Controller methods do not need to change.
 A response wrapper, applied in `jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet`, ensures a `Content-Length`
 header is set to the number of bytes written (without actually writing to the response).
 
-`@GetMapping` (and `@RequestMapping(method=HttpMethod.GET)`) are implicitly mapped to
-and support HTTP HEAD. An HTTP HEAD request is processed as if it were HTTP GET except
-that, instead of writing the body, the number of bytes are counted and the `Content-Length`
-header is set.
-
 By default, HTTP OPTIONS is handled by setting the `Allow` response header to the list of HTTP
 methods listed in all `@RequestMapping` methods that have matching URL patterns.
 
@@ -491,8 +492,14 @@ attributes with a narrower, more specific purpose.
 `@GetMapping`, `@PostMapping`, `@PutMapping`, `@DeleteMapping`, and `@PatchMapping` are
 examples of composed annotations. They are provided because, arguably, most
 controller methods should be mapped to a specific HTTP method versus using `@RequestMapping`,
-which, by default, matches to all HTTP methods. If you need an example of composed
-annotations, look at how those are declared.
+which, by default, matches to all HTTP methods. If you need an example of how to implement
+a composed annotation, look at how those are declared.
+
+NOTE: `@RequestMapping` cannot be used in conjunction with other `@RequestMapping`
+annotations that are declared on the same element (class, interface, or method). If
+multiple `@RequestMapping` annotations are detected on the same element, a warning will
+be logged, and only the first mapping will be used. This also applies to composed
+`@RequestMapping` annotations such as `@GetMapping`, `@PostMapping`, etc.
 
 Spring MVC also supports custom request-mapping attributes with custom request-matching
 logic. This is a more advanced option that requires subclassing
@@ -562,10 +569,17 @@ Kotlin::
 == `@HttpExchange`
 [.small]#xref:web/webflux/controller/ann-requestmapping.adoc#webflux-ann-httpexchange-annotation[See equivalent in the Reactive stack]#
 
-As an alternative to  `@RequestMapping`, you can also handle requests with `@HttpExchange`
-methods. Such methods are declared on an
-xref:integration/rest-clients.adoc#rest-http-interface[HTTP Interface] and can be used as
-a client via `HttpServiceProxyFactory` or implemented by a server `@Controller`.
+While the main purpose of `@HttpExchange` is to abstract HTTP client code with a
+generated proxy, the
+xref:integration/rest-clients.adoc#rest-http-interface[HTTP Interface] on which
+such annotations are placed is a contract neutral to client vs server use.
+In addition to simplifying client code, there are also cases where an HTTP Interface
+may be a convenient way for servers to expose their API for client access. This leads
+to increased coupling between client and server and is often not a good choice,
+especially for public API's, but may be exactly the goal for an internal API.
+It is an approach commonly used in Spring Cloud, and it is why `@HttpExchange` is
+supported as an alternative to `@RequestMapping` for server side handling in
+controller classes.
 
 For example:
 
@@ -575,16 +589,23 @@ Java::
 +
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="primary"]
 ----
-	@RestController
 	@HttpExchange("/persons")
-	class PersonController {
+	interface PersonService {
 
 		@GetExchange("/{id}")
+		Person getPerson(@PathVariable Long id);
+
+		@PostExchange
+		void add(@RequestBody Person person);
+	}
+
+	@RestController
+	class PersonController implements PersonService {
+
 		public Person getPerson(@PathVariable Long id) {
 			// ...
 		}
 
-		@PostExchange
 		@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
 		public void add(@RequestBody Person person) {
 			// ...
@@ -596,30 +617,38 @@ Kotlin::
 +
 [source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes",role="secondary"]
 ----
-	@RestController
 	@HttpExchange("/persons")
-	class PersonController {
+	interface PersonService {
 
 		@GetExchange("/{id}")
-		fun getPerson(@PathVariable id: Long): Person {
+		fun getPerson(@PathVariable id: Long): Person
+
+		@PostExchange
+		fun add(@RequestBody person: Person)
+	}
+
+	@RestController
+	class PersonController : PersonService {
+
+		override fun getPerson(@PathVariable id: Long): Person {
 			// ...
 		}
 
-		@PostExchange
 		@ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.CREATED)
-		fun add(@RequestBody person: Person) {
+		override fun add(@RequestBody person: Person) {
 			// ...
 		}
 	}
 ----
 ======
 
-There some differences between `@HttpExchange` and `@RequestMapping` since the
-former needs to remain suitable for client and server use. For example, while
-`@RequestMapping` can be declared to handle any number of paths and each path can
-be a pattern, `@HttpExchange` must be declared with a single, concrete path. There are
-also differences in the supported method parameters. Generally, `@HttpExchange` supports
-a subset of method parameters that `@RequestMapping` does, excluding any parameters that
-are server side only. For details see the list of supported method parameters for
-xref:integration/rest-clients.adoc#rest-http-interface-method-parameters[HTTP interface] and for
+`@HttpExchange` and `@RequestMapping` have differences.
+`@RequestMapping` can map to any number of requests by path patterns, HTTP methods,
+and more, while `@HttpExchange` declares a single endpoint with a concrete HTTP method,
+path, and content types.
+
+For method parameters and returns values, generally, `@HttpExchange` supports a
+subset of the method parameters that `@RequestMapping` does. Notably, it excludes any
+server-side specific parameter types. For details, see the list for
+xref:integration/rest-clients.adoc#rest-http-interface-method-parameters[@HttpExchange] and
 xref:web/webmvc/mvc-controller/ann-methods/arguments.adoc[@RequestMapping].

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webmvc/mvc-controller/ann-validation.adoc

@@ -8,23 +8,23 @@ Spring MVC has built-in xref:core/validation/validator.adoc[Validation] support
 xref:core/validation/beanvalidation.adoc[Java Bean Validation].
 The validation support works on two levels.
 
-First, method parameters such as
+First, resolvers for
 xref:web/webmvc/mvc-controller/ann-methods/modelattrib-method-args.adoc[@ModelAttribute],
 xref:web/webmvc/mvc-controller/ann-methods/requestbody.adoc[@RequestBody], and
-xref:web/webmvc/mvc-controller/ann-methods/multipart-forms.adoc[@RequestPart] do perform
-validation if annotated with Jakarta's `@Valid` or Spring's `@Validated` annotation, and
-raise `MethodArgumentNotValidException` in case of validation errors. If you want to handle
-the errors in the controller method instead, you can declare an `Errors` or `BindingResult`
-method parameter immediately after the validated parameter.
+xref:web/webmvc/mvc-controller/ann-methods/multipart-forms.adoc[@RequestPart] method
+parameters perform validation if the parameter has Jakarta's `@Valid` or Spring's
+`@Validated` annotation, and raise `MethodArgumentNotValidException` if necessary.
+Alternatively, you can handle the errors in the controller method by adding an
+`Errors` or `BindingResult` method parameter immediately after the validated one.
 
-Second, if {bean-validation-site}[Java Bean Validation] is present _AND_ other method
-parameters, e.g. `@RequestHeader`, `@RequestParam`, `@PathVariable` have `@Constraint`
-annotations, then method validation is applied to all method arguments, raising
-`HandlerMethodValidationException` in case of validation errors. You can still declare an
-`Errors` or `BindingResult` after an `@Valid` method parameter, and handle validation
-errors within the controller method, as long as there are no validation errors on other
-method arguments. Method validation is also applied to the return value if the method
-is annotated with `@Valid` or has other `@Constraint` annotations.
+Second, if {bean-validation-site}[Java Bean Validation] is present _AND_ any method
+parameter has `@Constraint` annotations, then method validation is applied instead,
+raising `HandlerMethodValidationException` if necessary. For this case you can still add
+an `Errors` or `BindingResult` method parameter to handle validation errors within the
+controller method, but if other method arguments have validation errors then
+`HandlerMethodValidationException` is raised instead. Method validation can apply
+to the return value if the method is annotated with `@Valid` or with `@Constraint`
+annotations.
 
 You can configure a `Validator` globally through the
 xref:web/webmvc/mvc-config/validation.adoc[WebMvc config], or locally through an
@@ -109,4 +109,4 @@ Kotlin::
         }
 	})
 ----
-======
+======

framework-docs/src/main/java/org/springframework/docs/core/aot/hints/testing/SpellCheckServiceTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import org.springframework.aot.hint.predicate.RuntimeHintsPredicates;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
-public class SpellCheckServiceTests {
+class SpellCheckServiceTests {
 
 	// tag::hintspredicates[]
 	@Test

framework-platform/framework-platform.gradle

@@ -8,30 +8,30 @@ javaPlatform {
 
 dependencies {
 	api(platform("com.fasterxml.jackson:jackson-bom:2.15.3"))
-	api(platform("io.micrometer:micrometer-bom:1.12.2"))
-	api(platform("io.netty:netty-bom:4.1.104.Final"))
+	api(platform("io.micrometer:micrometer-bom:1.12.3"))
+	api(platform("io.netty:netty-bom:4.1.107.Final"))
 	api(platform("io.netty:netty5-bom:5.0.0.Alpha5"))
-	api(platform("io.projectreactor:reactor-bom:2023.0.2"))
+	api(platform("io.projectreactor:reactor-bom:2023.0.3"))
 	api(platform("io.rsocket:rsocket-bom:1.1.3"))
-	api(platform("org.apache.groovy:groovy-bom:4.0.17"))
+	api(platform("org.apache.groovy:groovy-bom:4.0.18"))
 	api(platform("org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-bom:2.21.1"))
-	api(platform("org.assertj:assertj-bom:3.25.1"))
-	api(platform("org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-bom:12.0.5"))
-	api(platform("org.eclipse.jetty.ee10:jetty-ee10-bom:12.0.5"))
+	api(platform("org.assertj:assertj-bom:3.25.3"))
+	api(platform("org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-bom:12.0.6"))
+	api(platform("org.eclipse.jetty.ee10:jetty-ee10-bom:12.0.6"))
 	api(platform("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-bom:1.7.3"))
 	api(platform("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-bom:1.6.0"))
-	api(platform("org.junit:junit-bom:5.10.1"))
-	api(platform("org.mockito:mockito-bom:5.8.0"))
+	api(platform("org.junit:junit-bom:5.10.2"))
+	api(platform("org.mockito:mockito-bom:5.10.0"))
 
 	constraints {
 		api("com.fasterxml:aalto-xml:1.3.2")
 		api("com.fasterxml.woodstox:woodstox-core:6.5.1")
 		api("com.github.ben-manes.caffeine:caffeine:3.1.8")
-		api("com.github.librepdf:openpdf:1.3.36")
+		api("com.github.librepdf:openpdf:1.3.40")
 		api("com.google.code.findbugs:findbugs:3.0.1")
 		api("com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:3.0.2")
 		api("com.google.code.gson:gson:2.10.1")
-		api("com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java-util:3.25.1")
+		api("com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java-util:3.25.2")
 		api("com.h2database:h2:2.2.224")
 		api("com.jayway.jsonpath:json-path:2.8.0")
 		api("com.rometools:rome:1.19.0")
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ dependencies {
 		api("com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream:1.4.20")
 		api("commons-io:commons-io:2.15.0")
 		api("de.bechte.junit:junit-hierarchicalcontextrunner:4.12.2")
-		api("io.micrometer:context-propagation:1.1.0")
+		api("io.micrometer:context-propagation:1.1.1")
 		api("io.mockk:mockk:1.13.4")
 		api("io.projectreactor.netty:reactor-netty5-http:2.0.0-M3")
 		api("io.projectreactor.tools:blockhound:1.0.8.RELEASE")
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ dependencies {
 		api("io.r2dbc:r2dbc-spi:1.0.0.RELEASE")
 		api("io.reactivex.rxjava3:rxjava:3.1.8")
 		api("io.smallrye.reactive:mutiny:1.10.0")
-		api("io.undertow:undertow-core:2.3.10.Final")
-		api("io.undertow:undertow-servlet:2.3.10.Final")
-		api("io.undertow:undertow-websockets-jsr:2.3.10.Final")
+		api("io.undertow:undertow-core:2.3.11.Final")
+		api("io.undertow:undertow-servlet:2.3.11.Final")
+		api("io.undertow:undertow-websockets-jsr:2.3.11.Final")
 		api("io.vavr:vavr:0.10.4")
 		api("jakarta.activation:jakarta.activation-api:2.0.1")
 		api("jakarta.annotation:jakarta.annotation-api:2.0.0")
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ dependencies {
 		api("org.apache.derby:derby:10.16.1.1")
 		api("org.apache.derby:derbyclient:10.16.1.1")
 		api("org.apache.derby:derbytools:10.16.1.1")
-		api("org.apache.httpcomponents.client5:httpclient5:5.3")
+		api("org.apache.httpcomponents.client5:httpclient5:5.3.1")
 		api("org.apache.httpcomponents.core5:httpcore5-reactive:5.2.4")
 		api("org.apache.poi:poi-ooxml:5.2.5")
 		api("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:10.1.18")
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ dependencies {
 		api("org.codehaus.jettison:jettison:1.5.4")
 		api("org.crac:crac:1.4.0")
 		api("org.dom4j:dom4j:2.1.4")
-		api("org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-reactive-httpclient:4.0.1")
+		api("org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-reactive-httpclient:4.0.2")
 		api("org.eclipse.persistence:org.eclipse.persistence.jpa:3.0.4")
 		api("org.eclipse:yasson:2.0.4")
 		api("org.ehcache:ehcache:3.10.8")
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ dependencies {
 		api("org.seleniumhq.selenium:htmlunit-driver:2.70.0")
 		api("org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-java:3.141.59")
 		api("org.skyscreamer:jsonassert:1.5.1")
-		api("org.slf4j:slf4j-api:2.0.11")
+		api("org.slf4j:slf4j-api:2.0.12")
 		api("org.testng:testng:7.9.0")
 		api("org.webjars:underscorejs:1.8.3")
 		api("org.webjars:webjars-locator-core:0.55")

gradle.properties

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-version=6.1.3
+version=6.1.4
 
 org.gradle.caching=true
 org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx2048m

gradle/spring-module.gradle

@@ -8,8 +8,9 @@ apply plugin: 'me.champeau.jmh'
 apply from: "$rootDir/gradle/publications.gradle"
 
 dependencies {
-	jmh 'org.openjdk.jmh:jmh-core:1.36'
-	jmh 'org.openjdk.jmh:jmh-generator-annprocess:1.36'
+	jmh 'org.openjdk.jmh:jmh-core:1.37'
+	jmh 'org.openjdk.jmh:jmh-generator-annprocess:1.37'
+	jmh 'org.openjdk.jmh:jmh-generator-bytecode:1.37'
 	jmh 'net.sf.jopt-simple:jopt-simple'
 }
 

gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 distributionPath=wrapper/dists
-distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.5-bin.zip
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.6-bin.zip
 networkTimeout=10000
 validateDistributionUrl=true
 zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME

gradlew.bat

@@ -43,11 +43,11 @@ set JAVA_EXE=java.exe
 %JAVA_EXE% -version >NUL 2>&1
 if %ERRORLEVEL% equ 0 goto execute
 
-echo.
-echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH.
-echo.
-echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
-echo location of your Java installation.
+echo. 1>&2
+echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and no 'java' command could be found in your PATH. 1>&2
+echo. 1>&2
+echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the 1>&2
+echo location of your Java installation. 1>&2
 
 goto fail
 
@@ -57,11 +57,11 @@ set JAVA_EXE=%JAVA_HOME%/bin/java.exe
 
 if exist "%JAVA_EXE%" goto execute
 
-echo.
-echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: %JAVA_HOME%
-echo.
-echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the
-echo location of your Java installation.
+echo. 1>&2
+echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is set to an invalid directory: %JAVA_HOME% 1>&2
+echo. 1>&2
+echo Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment to match the 1>&2
+echo location of your Java installation. 1>&2
 
 goto fail
 

integration-tests/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/config/AopNamespaceHandlerScopeIntegrationTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class AopNamespaceHandlerScopeIntegrationTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void testRequestScoping() throws Exception {
+	void testRequestScoping() {
 		MockHttpServletRequest oldRequest = new MockHttpServletRequest();
 		MockHttpServletRequest newRequest = new MockHttpServletRequest();
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class AopNamespaceHandlerScopeIntegrationTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void testSessionScoping() throws Exception {
+	void testSessionScoping() {
 		MockHttpSession oldSession = new MockHttpSession();
 		MockHttpSession newSession = new MockHttpSession();
 

integration-tests/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/framework/autoproxy/AdvisorAutoProxyCreatorIntegrationTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 package org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy;
 
-import java.io.IOException;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.List;
 
@@ -61,12 +60,12 @@ class AdvisorAutoProxyCreatorIntegrationTests {
 	/**
 	 * Return a bean factory with attributes and EnterpriseServices configured.
 	 */
-	protected BeanFactory getBeanFactory() throws IOException {
+	protected BeanFactory getBeanFactory() {
 		return new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(DEFAULT_CONTEXT, CLASS);
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void testDefaultExclusionPrefix() throws Exception {
+	void testDefaultExclusionPrefix() {
 		DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator aapc = (DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator) getBeanFactory().getBean(ADVISOR_APC_BEAN_NAME);
 		assertThat(aapc.getAdvisorBeanNamePrefix()).isEqualTo((ADVISOR_APC_BEAN_NAME + DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.SEPARATOR));
 		assertThat(aapc.isUsePrefix()).isFalse();
@@ -76,21 +75,21 @@ class AdvisorAutoProxyCreatorIntegrationTests {
 	 * If no pointcuts match (no attrs) there should be proxying.
 	 */
 	@Test
-	void testNoProxy() throws Exception {
+	void testNoProxy() {
 		BeanFactory bf = getBeanFactory();
 		Object o = bf.getBean("noSetters");
 		assertThat(AopUtils.isAopProxy(o)).isFalse();
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void testTxIsProxied() throws Exception {
+	void testTxIsProxied() {
 		BeanFactory bf = getBeanFactory();
 		ITestBean test = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("test");
 		assertThat(AopUtils.isAopProxy(test)).isTrue();
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void testRegexpApplied() throws Exception {
+	void testRegexpApplied() {
 		BeanFactory bf = getBeanFactory();
 		ITestBean test = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("test");
 		MethodCounter counter = (MethodCounter) bf.getBean("countingAdvice");
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ class AdvisorAutoProxyCreatorIntegrationTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void testTransactionAttributeOnMethod() throws Exception {
+	void testTransactionAttributeOnMethod() {
 		BeanFactory bf = getBeanFactory();
 		ITestBean test = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("test");
 
@@ -166,7 +165,7 @@ class AdvisorAutoProxyCreatorIntegrationTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void testProgrammaticRollback() throws Exception {
+	void testProgrammaticRollback() {
 		BeanFactory bf = getBeanFactory();
 
 		Object bean = bf.getBean(TXMANAGER_BEAN_NAME);
@@ -250,7 +249,7 @@ class OrderedTxCheckAdvisor extends StaticMethodMatcherPointcutAdvisor implement
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
+	public void afterPropertiesSet() {
 		setAdvice(new TxCountingBeforeAdvice());
 	}
 

integration-tests/src/test/java/org/springframework/aot/RuntimeHintsAgentTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
  * @author Brian Clozel
  */
 @EnabledIfRuntimeHintsAgent
-public class RuntimeHintsAgentTests {
+class RuntimeHintsAgentTests {
 
 	private static final ClassLoader classLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public class RuntimeHintsAgentTests {
 
 
 	@BeforeAll
-	public static void classSetup() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+	static void classSetup() throws NoSuchMethodException {
 		defaultConstructor = String.class.getConstructor();
 		toStringMethod = String.class.getMethod("toString");
 		privateGreetMethod = PrivateClass.class.getDeclaredMethod("greet");

integration-tests/src/test/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/ComponentBeanDefinitionParserTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class ComponentBeanDefinitionParserTests {
 
 
 	@BeforeAll
-	void setUp() throws Exception {
+	void setUp() {
 		new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(bf).loadBeanDefinitions(
 			new ClassPathResource("component-config.xml", ComponentBeanDefinitionParserTests.class));
 	}

integration-tests/src/test/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/ComponentFactoryBean.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ public class ComponentFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<Component> {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public Component getObject() throws Exception {
+	public Component getObject() {
 		if (this.children != null && this.children.size() > 0) {
 			for (Component child : children) {
 				this.parent.addComponent(child);

integration-tests/src/test/java/org/springframework/cache/annotation/EnableCachingIntegrationTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatException;
  * @author Chris Beams
  * @since 3.1
  */
-@SuppressWarnings("resource")
 class EnableCachingIntegrationTests {
 
 	@Test

integration-tests/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/env/EnvironmentSystemIntegrationTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ import static org.springframework.core.env.EnvironmentSystemIntegrationTests.Con
  * @author Sam Brannen
  * @see org.springframework.context.support.EnvironmentIntegrationTests
  */
-@SuppressWarnings("resource")
 public class EnvironmentSystemIntegrationTests {
 
 	private final ConfigurableEnvironment prodEnv = new StandardEnvironment();
@@ -618,7 +617,7 @@ public class EnvironmentSystemIntegrationTests {
 	@Import({DevConfig.class, ProdConfig.class})
 	static class Config {
 		@Bean
-		public EnvironmentAwareBean envAwareBean() {
+		EnvironmentAwareBean envAwareBean() {
 			return new EnvironmentAwareBean();
 		}
 	}

integration-tests/src/test/java/org/springframework/expression/spel/support/BeanFactoryTypeConverter.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import org.springframework.core.convert.ConversionService;
 import org.springframework.core.convert.TypeDescriptor;
 import org.springframework.core.convert.support.DefaultConversionService;
 import org.springframework.expression.TypeConverter;
+import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
 
 /**
  * Copied from Spring Integration for purposes of reproducing
@@ -59,11 +60,9 @@ class BeanFactoryTypeConverter implements TypeConverter, BeanFactoryAware {
 
 	@Override
 	public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
-		if (beanFactory instanceof ConfigurableBeanFactory) {
-			Object typeConverter = ((ConfigurableBeanFactory) beanFactory).getTypeConverter();
-			if (typeConverter instanceof SimpleTypeConverter) {
-				delegate = (SimpleTypeConverter) typeConverter;
-			}
+		if (beanFactory instanceof ConfigurableBeanFactory cbf &&
+				cbf.getTypeConverter() instanceof SimpleTypeConverter simpleTypeConverter) {
+			this.delegate = simpleTypeConverter;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -86,7 +85,6 @@ class BeanFactoryTypeConverter implements TypeConverter, BeanFactoryAware {
 		if (conversionService.canConvert(sourceTypeDescriptor, targetTypeDescriptor)) {
 			return true;
 		}
-		// TODO: what does this mean? This method is not used in SpEL so probably ignorable?
 		Class<?> sourceType = sourceTypeDescriptor.getObjectType();
 		Class<?> targetType = targetTypeDescriptor.getObjectType();
 		return canConvert(sourceType, targetType);
@@ -94,7 +92,7 @@ class BeanFactoryTypeConverter implements TypeConverter, BeanFactoryAware {
 
 	@Override
 	public Object convertValue(Object value, TypeDescriptor sourceType, TypeDescriptor targetType) {
-		if (targetType.getType() == Void.class || targetType.getType() == Void.TYPE) {
+		if (ClassUtils.isVoidType(targetType.getType())) {
 			return null;
 		}
 		if (conversionService.canConvert(sourceType, targetType)) {

integration-tests/src/test/java/org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/ScheduledAndTransactionalAnnotationIntegrationTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ import static org.springframework.core.testfixture.TestGroup.LONG_RUNNING;
  * @author Juergen Hoeller
  * @since 3.1
  */
-@SuppressWarnings("resource")
 @EnabledForTestGroups(LONG_RUNNING)
 class ScheduledAndTransactionalAnnotationIntegrationTests {
 

integration-tests/src/test/java/org/springframework/transaction/annotation/EnableTransactionManagementIntegrationTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatException;
  * @author Sam Brannen
  * @since 3.1
  */
-@SuppressWarnings("resource")
 class EnableTransactionManagementIntegrationTests {
 
 	@Test

integration-tests/src/test/java/org/springframework/transaction/annotation/ProxyAnnotationDiscoveryTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -27,14 +27,13 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 /**
  * Tests proving that regardless the proxy strategy used (JDK interface-based vs. CGLIB
  * subclass-based), discovery of advice-oriented annotations is consistent.
- *
+ * <p>
  * For example, Spring's @Transactional may be declared at the interface or class level,
  * and whether interface or subclass proxies are used, the @Transactional annotation must
  * be discovered in a consistent fashion.
  *
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-@SuppressWarnings("resource")
 class ProxyAnnotationDiscoveryTests {
 
 	@Test

settings.gradle

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 plugins {
-	id "com.gradle.enterprise" version "3.14"
-	id "io.spring.ge.conventions" version "0.0.13"
+	id "com.gradle.enterprise" version "3.16.1"
+	id "io.spring.ge.conventions" version "0.0.15"
 	id "org.gradle.toolchains.foojay-resolver-convention" version "0.7.0"
 }
 

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/framework/AdvisedSupport.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
@@ -85,10 +84,7 @@ public class AdvisedSupport extends ProxyConfig implements Advised {
 	private boolean preFiltered = false;
 
 	/** The AdvisorChainFactory to use. */
-	private AdvisorChainFactory advisorChainFactory;
-
-	/** Cache with Method as key and advisor chain List as value. */
-	private transient Map<MethodCacheKey, List<Object>> methodCache;
+	private AdvisorChainFactory advisorChainFactory = DefaultAdvisorChainFactory.INSTANCE;
 
 	/**
 	 * Interfaces to be implemented by the proxy. Held in List to keep the order
@@ -110,6 +106,14 @@ public class AdvisedSupport extends ProxyConfig implements Advised {
 	 */
 	private List<Advisor> advisorKey = this.advisors;
 
+	/** Cache with Method as key and advisor chain List as value. */
+	@Nullable
+	private transient Map<MethodCacheKey, List<Object>> methodCache;
+
+	/** Cache with shared interceptors which are not method-specific. */
+	@Nullable
+	private transient volatile List<Object> cachedInterceptors;
+
 	/**
 	 * Optional field for {@link AopProxy} implementations to store metadata in.
 	 * Used by {@link JdkDynamicAopProxy}.
@@ -124,8 +128,6 @@ public class AdvisedSupport extends ProxyConfig implements Advised {
 	 * No-arg constructor for use as a JavaBean.
 	 */
 	public AdvisedSupport() {
-		this.advisorChainFactory = DefaultAdvisorChainFactory.INSTANCE;
-		this.methodCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(32);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -133,19 +135,9 @@ public class AdvisedSupport extends ProxyConfig implements Advised {
 	 * @param interfaces the proxied interfaces
 	 */
 	public AdvisedSupport(Class<?>... interfaces) {
-		this();
 		setInterfaces(interfaces);
 	}
 
-	/**
-	 * Internal constructor for {@link #getConfigurationOnlyCopy()}.
-	 * @since 6.0.10
-	 */
-	private AdvisedSupport(AdvisorChainFactory advisorChainFactory, Map<MethodCacheKey, List<Object>> methodCache) {
-		this.advisorChainFactory = advisorChainFactory;
-		this.methodCache = methodCache;
-	}
-
 
 	/**
 	 * Set the given object as target.
@@ -497,6 +489,18 @@ public class AdvisedSupport extends ProxyConfig implements Advised {
 	 * @return a List of MethodInterceptors (may also include InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatchers)
 	 */
 	public List<Object> getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass) {
+		if (this.methodCache == null) {
+			// Shared cache since there are no method-specific advisors (see below).
+			List<Object> cachedInterceptors = this.cachedInterceptors;
+			if (cachedInterceptors == null) {
+				cachedInterceptors = this.advisorChainFactory.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(
+						this, method, targetClass);
+				this.cachedInterceptors = cachedInterceptors;
+			}
+			return cachedInterceptors;
+		}
+
+		// Method-specific cache for method-specific pointcuts
 		return this.methodCache.computeIfAbsent(new MethodCacheKey(method), k ->
 				this.advisorChainFactory.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(this, method, targetClass));
 	}
@@ -505,8 +509,18 @@ public class AdvisedSupport extends ProxyConfig implements Advised {
 	 * Invoked when advice has changed.
 	 */
 	protected void adviceChanged() {
-		this.methodCache.clear();
+		this.methodCache = null;
+		this.cachedInterceptors = null;
 		this.proxyMetadataCache = null;
+
+		// Initialize method cache if necessary; otherwise,
+		// cachedInterceptors is going to be shared (see above).
+		for (Advisor advisor : this.advisors) {
+			if (advisor instanceof PointcutAdvisor) {
+				this.methodCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+				break;
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -545,21 +559,28 @@ public class AdvisedSupport extends ProxyConfig implements Advised {
 	 * replacing the {@link TargetSource}.
 	 */
 	AdvisedSupport getConfigurationOnlyCopy() {
-		AdvisedSupport copy = new AdvisedSupport(this.advisorChainFactory, this.methodCache);
+		AdvisedSupport copy = new AdvisedSupport();
 		copy.copyFrom(this);
 		copy.targetSource = EmptyTargetSource.forClass(getTargetClass(), getTargetSource().isStatic());
+		copy.preFiltered = this.preFiltered;
+		copy.advisorChainFactory = this.advisorChainFactory;
 		copy.interfaces = new ArrayList<>(this.interfaces);
 		copy.advisors = new ArrayList<>(this.advisors);
 		copy.advisorKey = new ArrayList<>(this.advisors.size());
 		for (Advisor advisor : this.advisors) {
 			copy.advisorKey.add(new AdvisorKeyEntry(advisor));
 		}
+		copy.methodCache = this.methodCache;
+		copy.cachedInterceptors = this.cachedInterceptors;
+		copy.proxyMetadataCache = this.proxyMetadataCache;
 		return copy;
 	}
 
 	void reduceToAdvisorKey() {
 		this.advisors = this.advisorKey;
-		this.methodCache = Collections.emptyMap();
+		this.methodCache = null;
+		this.cachedInterceptors = null;
+		this.proxyMetadataCache = null;
 	}
 
 	Object getAdvisorKey() {
@@ -596,8 +617,8 @@ public class AdvisedSupport extends ProxyConfig implements Advised {
 		// Rely on default serialization; just initialize state after deserialization.
 		ois.defaultReadObject();
 
-		// Initialize transient fields.
-		this.methodCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(32);
+		// Initialize method cache if necessary.
+		adviceChanged();
 	}
 
 

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/framework/CglibAopProxy.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ class CglibAopProxy implements AopProxy, Serializable {
 			returnValue = proxy;
 		}
 		Class<?> returnType = method.getReturnType();
-		if (returnValue == null && returnType != Void.TYPE && returnType.isPrimitive()) {
+		if (returnValue == null && returnType != void.class && returnType.isPrimitive()) {
 			throw new AopInvocationException(
 					"Null return value from advice does not match primitive return type for: " + method);
 		}

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/framework/CoroutinesUtils.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -32,8 +32,13 @@ import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
  */
 abstract class CoroutinesUtils {
 
-	static Object asFlow(Object publisher) {
-		return ReactiveFlowKt.asFlow((Publisher<?>) publisher);
+	static Object asFlow(@Nullable Object publisher) {
+		if (publisher instanceof Publisher<?> rsPublisher) {
+			return ReactiveFlowKt.asFlow(rsPublisher);
+		}
+		else {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not a Reactive Streams Publisher: " + publisher);
+		}
 	}
 
 	@Nullable

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/framework/JdkDynamicAopProxy.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ final class JdkDynamicAopProxy implements AopProxy, InvocationHandler, Serializa
 				// a reference to itself in another returned object.
 				retVal = proxy;
 			}
-			else if (retVal == null && returnType != Void.TYPE && returnType.isPrimitive()) {
+			else if (retVal == null && returnType != void.class && returnType.isPrimitive()) {
 				throw new AopInvocationException(
 						"Null return value from advice does not match primitive return type for: " + method);
 			}

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/support/Pointcuts.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ public abstract class Pointcuts {
 		public boolean matches(Method method, Class<?> targetClass) {
 			return (method.getName().startsWith("set") &&
 					method.getParameterCount() == 1 &&
-					method.getReturnType() == Void.TYPE);
+					method.getReturnType() == void.class);
 		}
 
 		private Object readResolve() {
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ public abstract class Pointcuts {
 		public boolean matches(Method method, Class<?> targetClass) {
 			return (method.getName().startsWith("get") &&
 					method.getParameterCount() == 0 &&
-					method.getReturnType() != Void.TYPE);
+					method.getReturnType() != void.class);
 		}
 
 		private Object readResolve() {

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/aspectj/AspectJExpressionPointcutTests.java

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatIllegalStateException;
  * @author Chris Beams
  * @author Yanming Zhou
  */
-public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
+class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 
 	public static final String MATCH_ALL_METHODS = "execution(* *(..))";
 
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 
 
 	@Test
-	public void testMatchExplicit() {
+	void testMatchExplicit() {
 		String expression = "execution(int org.springframework.beans.testfixture.beans.TestBean.getAge())";
 
 		Pointcut pointcut = getPointcut(expression);
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testMatchWithTypePattern() throws Exception {
+	void testMatchWithTypePattern() {
 		String expression = "execution(* *..TestBean.*Age(..))";
 
 		Pointcut pointcut = getPointcut(expression);
@@ -115,12 +115,12 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 
 
 	@Test
-	public void testThis() throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException{
+	void testThis() throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException{
 		testThisOrTarget("this");
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testTarget() throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException {
+	void testTarget() throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException {
 		testThisOrTarget("target");
 	}
 
@@ -144,12 +144,12 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testWithinRootPackage() throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException {
+	void testWithinRootPackage() throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException {
 		testWithinPackage(false);
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testWithinRootAndSubpackages() throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException {
+	void testWithinRootAndSubpackages() throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException {
 		testWithinPackage(true);
 	}
 
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testFriendlyErrorOnNoLocationClassMatching() {
+	void testFriendlyErrorOnNoLocationClassMatching() {
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut pc = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
 		assertThatIllegalStateException().isThrownBy(() ->
 				pc.matches(ITestBean.class))
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testFriendlyErrorOnNoLocation2ArgMatching() {
+	void testFriendlyErrorOnNoLocation2ArgMatching() {
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut pc = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
 		assertThatIllegalStateException().isThrownBy(() ->
 				pc.matches(getAge, ITestBean.class))
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testFriendlyErrorOnNoLocation3ArgMatching() {
+	void testFriendlyErrorOnNoLocation3ArgMatching() {
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut pc = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
 		assertThatIllegalStateException().isThrownBy(() ->
 				pc.matches(getAge, ITestBean.class, (Object[]) null))
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 
 
 	@Test
-	public void testMatchWithArgs() throws Exception {
+	void testMatchWithArgs() throws Exception {
 		String expression = "execution(void org.springframework.beans.testfixture.beans.TestBean.setSomeNumber(Number)) && args(Double)";
 
 		Pointcut pointcut = getPointcut(expression);
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSimpleAdvice() {
+	void testSimpleAdvice() {
 		String expression = "execution(int org.springframework.beans.testfixture.beans.TestBean.getAge())";
 		CallCountingInterceptor interceptor = new CallCountingInterceptor();
 		TestBean testBean = getAdvisedProxy(expression, interceptor);
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testDynamicMatchingProxy() {
+	void testDynamicMatchingProxy() {
 		String expression = "execution(void org.springframework.beans.testfixture.beans.TestBean.setSomeNumber(Number)) && args(Double)";
 		CallCountingInterceptor interceptor = new CallCountingInterceptor();
 		TestBean testBean = getAdvisedProxy(expression, interceptor);
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testInvalidExpression() {
+	void testInvalidExpression() {
 		String expression = "execution(void org.springframework.beans.testfixture.beans.TestBean.setSomeNumber(Number) && args(Double)";
 		assertThatIllegalArgumentException().isThrownBy(getPointcut(expression)::getClassFilter);  // call to getClassFilter forces resolution
 	}
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testWithUnsupportedPointcutPrimitive() {
+	void testWithUnsupportedPointcutPrimitive() {
 		String expression = "call(int org.springframework.beans.testfixture.beans.TestBean.getAge())";
 		assertThatExceptionOfType(UnsupportedPointcutPrimitiveException.class)
 				.isThrownBy(() -> getPointcut(expression).getClassFilter()) // call to getClassFilter forces resolution...
@@ -282,14 +282,14 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testAndSubstitution() {
+	void testAndSubstitution() {
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut pc = getPointcut("execution(* *(..)) and args(String)");
 		String expr = pc.getPointcutExpression().getPointcutExpression();
 		assertThat(expr).isEqualTo("execution(* *(..)) && args(String)");
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testMultipleAndSubstitutions() {
+	void testMultipleAndSubstitutions() {
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut pc = getPointcut("execution(* *(..)) and args(String) and this(Object)");
 		String expr = pc.getPointcutExpression().getPointcutExpression();
 		assertThat(expr).isEqualTo("execution(* *(..)) && args(String) && this(Object)");
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testMatchGenericArgument() {
+	void testMatchGenericArgument() {
 		String expression = "execution(* set*(java.util.List<org.springframework.beans.testfixture.beans.TestBean>) )";
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut ajexp = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
 		ajexp.setExpression(expression);
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testMatchVarargs() throws Exception {
+	void testMatchVarargs() throws Exception {
 
 		@SuppressWarnings("unused")
 		class MyTemplate {
@@ -347,19 +347,19 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testMatchAnnotationOnClassWithAtWithin() throws Exception {
+	void testMatchAnnotationOnClassWithAtWithin() throws Exception {
 		String expression = "@within(test.annotation.transaction.Tx)";
 		testMatchAnnotationOnClass(expression);
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testMatchAnnotationOnClassWithoutBinding() throws Exception {
+	void testMatchAnnotationOnClassWithoutBinding() throws Exception {
 		String expression = "within(@test.annotation.transaction.Tx *)";
 		testMatchAnnotationOnClass(expression);
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testMatchAnnotationOnClassWithSubpackageWildcard() throws Exception {
+	void testMatchAnnotationOnClassWithSubpackageWildcard() throws Exception {
 		String expression = "within(@(test.annotation..*) *)";
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut springAnnotatedPc = testMatchAnnotationOnClass(expression);
 		assertThat(springAnnotatedPc.matches(TestBean.class.getMethod("setName", String.class), TestBean.class)).isFalse();
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testMatchAnnotationOnClassWithExactPackageWildcard() throws Exception {
+	void testMatchAnnotationOnClassWithExactPackageWildcard() throws Exception {
 		String expression = "within(@(test.annotation.transaction.*) *)";
 		testMatchAnnotationOnClass(expression);
 	}
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testAnnotationOnMethodWithFQN() throws Exception {
+	void testAnnotationOnMethodWithFQN() throws Exception {
 		String expression = "@annotation(test.annotation.transaction.Tx)";
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut ajexp = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
 		ajexp.setExpression(expression);
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testAnnotationOnCglibProxyMethod() throws Exception {
+	void testAnnotationOnCglibProxyMethod() throws Exception {
 		String expression = "@annotation(test.annotation.transaction.Tx)";
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut ajexp = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
 		ajexp.setExpression(expression);
@@ -414,9 +414,8 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 		assertThat(ajexp.matches(BeanA.class.getMethod("getAge"), proxy.getClass())).isTrue();
 	}
 
-
 	@Test
-	public void testNotAnnotationOnCglibProxyMethod() throws Exception {
+	void testNotAnnotationOnCglibProxyMethod() throws Exception {
 		String expression = "!@annotation(test.annotation.transaction.Tx)";
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut ajexp = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
 		ajexp.setExpression(expression);
@@ -428,7 +427,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testAnnotationOnDynamicProxyMethod() throws Exception {
+	void testAnnotationOnDynamicProxyMethod() throws Exception {
 		String expression = "@annotation(test.annotation.transaction.Tx)";
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut ajexp = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
 		ajexp.setExpression(expression);
@@ -440,7 +439,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testNotAnnotationOnDynamicProxyMethod() throws Exception {
+	void testNotAnnotationOnDynamicProxyMethod() throws Exception {
 		String expression = "!@annotation(test.annotation.transaction.Tx)";
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut ajexp = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
 		ajexp.setExpression(expression);
@@ -452,7 +451,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testAnnotationOnMethodWithWildcard() throws Exception {
+	void testAnnotationOnMethodWithWildcard() throws Exception {
 		String expression = "execution(@(test.annotation..*) * *(..))";
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut anySpringMethodAnnotation = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
 		anySpringMethodAnnotation.setExpression(expression);
@@ -468,7 +467,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testAnnotationOnMethodArgumentsWithFQN() throws Exception {
+	void testAnnotationOnMethodArgumentsWithFQN() throws Exception {
 		String expression = "@args(*, test.annotation.EmptySpringAnnotation))";
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut takesSpringAnnotatedArgument2 = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
 		takesSpringAnnotatedArgument2.setExpression(expression);
@@ -497,7 +496,7 @@ public class AspectJExpressionPointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testAnnotationOnMethodArgumentsWithWildcards() throws Exception {
+	void testAnnotationOnMethodArgumentsWithWildcards() throws Exception {
 		String expression = "execution(* *(*, @(test..*) *))";
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut takesSpringAnnotatedArgument2 = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
 		takesSpringAnnotatedArgument2.setExpression(expression);

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/aspectj/BeanNamePointcutMatchingTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
  * @author Ramnivas Laddad
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class BeanNamePointcutMatchingTests {
+class BeanNamePointcutMatchingTests {
 
 	@Test
-	public void testMatchingPointcuts() {
+	void testMatchingPointcuts() {
 		assertMatch("someName", "bean(someName)");
 
 		// Spring bean names are less restrictive compared to AspectJ names (methods, types etc.)
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ public class BeanNamePointcutMatchingTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testNonMatchingPointcuts() {
+	void testNonMatchingPointcuts() {
 		assertMisMatch("someName", "bean(someNamex)");
 		assertMisMatch("someName", "bean(someX*Name)");
 
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ public class BeanNamePointcutMatchingTests {
 	}
 
 	private static boolean matches(final String beanName, String pcExpression) {
-		@SuppressWarnings("serial")
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut() {
 			@Override
 			protected String getCurrentProxiedBeanName() {

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/aspectj/MethodInvocationProceedingJoinPointTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -46,20 +46,20 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatIllegalStateException;
  * @author Ramnivas Laddad
  * @since 2.0
  */
-public class MethodInvocationProceedingJoinPointTests {
+class MethodInvocationProceedingJoinPointTests {
 
 	@Test
-	public void testingBindingWithJoinPoint() {
+	void testingBindingWithJoinPoint() {
 		assertThatIllegalStateException().isThrownBy(AbstractAspectJAdvice::currentJoinPoint);
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testingBindingWithProceedingJoinPoint() {
+	void testingBindingWithProceedingJoinPoint() {
 		assertThatIllegalStateException().isThrownBy(AbstractAspectJAdvice::currentJoinPoint);
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testCanGetMethodSignatureFromJoinPoint() {
+	void testCanGetMethodSignatureFromJoinPoint() {
 		final Object raw = new TestBean();
 		// Will be set by advice during a method call
 		final int newAge = 23;
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ public class MethodInvocationProceedingJoinPointTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testCanGetSourceLocationFromJoinPoint() {
+	void testCanGetSourceLocationFromJoinPoint() {
 		final Object raw = new TestBean();
 		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory(raw);
 		pf.addAdvisor(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.ADVISOR);
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ public class MethodInvocationProceedingJoinPointTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testCanGetStaticPartFromJoinPoint() {
+	void testCanGetStaticPartFromJoinPoint() {
 		final Object raw = new TestBean();
 		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory(raw);
 		pf.addAdvisor(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.ADVISOR);
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ public class MethodInvocationProceedingJoinPointTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void toShortAndLongStringFormedCorrectly() throws Exception {
+	void toShortAndLongStringFormedCorrectly() {
 		final Object raw = new TestBean();
 		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory(raw);
 		pf.addAdvisor(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.ADVISOR);

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/aspectj/TrickyAspectJPointcutExpressionTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -40,17 +40,17 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType;
 /**
  * @author Dave Syer
  */
-public class TrickyAspectJPointcutExpressionTests {
+class TrickyAspectJPointcutExpressionTests {
 
 	@Test
-	public void testManualProxyJavaWithUnconditionalPointcut() throws Exception {
+	void testManualProxyJavaWithUnconditionalPointcut() {
 		TestService target = new TestServiceImpl();
 		LogUserAdvice logAdvice = new LogUserAdvice();
 		testAdvice(new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(logAdvice), logAdvice, target, "TestServiceImpl");
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testManualProxyJavaWithStaticPointcut() throws Exception {
+	void testManualProxyJavaWithStaticPointcut() {
 		TestService target = new TestServiceImpl();
 		LogUserAdvice logAdvice = new LogUserAdvice();
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ public class TrickyAspectJPointcutExpressionTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testManualProxyJavaWithDynamicPointcut() throws Exception {
+	void testManualProxyJavaWithDynamicPointcut() {
 		TestService target = new TestServiceImpl();
 		LogUserAdvice logAdvice = new LogUserAdvice();
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public class TrickyAspectJPointcutExpressionTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testManualProxyJavaWithDynamicPointcutAndProxyTargetClass() throws Exception {
+	void testManualProxyJavaWithDynamicPointcutAndProxyTargetClass() {
 		TestService target = new TestServiceImpl();
 		LogUserAdvice logAdvice = new LogUserAdvice();
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ public class TrickyAspectJPointcutExpressionTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testManualProxyJavaWithStaticPointcutAndTwoClassLoaders() throws Exception {
+	void testManualProxyJavaWithStaticPointcutAndTwoClassLoaders() throws Exception {
 
 		LogUserAdvice logAdvice = new LogUserAdvice();
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
@@ -95,13 +95,12 @@ public class TrickyAspectJPointcutExpressionTests {
 		testAdvice(new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(pointcut, logAdvice), logAdvice, other, "TestServiceImpl");
 	}
 
-	private void testAdvice(Advisor advisor, LogUserAdvice logAdvice, TestService target, String message)
-			throws Exception {
+	private void testAdvice(Advisor advisor, LogUserAdvice logAdvice, TestService target, String message) {
 		testAdvice(advisor, logAdvice, target, message, false);
 	}
 
 	private void testAdvice(Advisor advisor, LogUserAdvice logAdvice, TestService target, String message,
-			boolean proxyTargetClass) throws Exception {
+			boolean proxyTargetClass) {
 
 		logAdvice.reset();
 
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ public class TrickyAspectJPointcutExpressionTests {
 
 	public interface TestService {
 
-		public String sayHello();
+		String sayHello();
 	}
 
 
@@ -162,14 +161,14 @@ public class TrickyAspectJPointcutExpressionTests {
 	}
 
 
-	public class LogUserAdvice implements MethodBeforeAdvice, ThrowsAdvice {
+	public static class LogUserAdvice implements MethodBeforeAdvice, ThrowsAdvice {
 
 		private int countBefore = 0;
 
 		private int countThrows = 0;
 
 		@Override
-		public void before(Method method, Object[] objects, @Nullable Object o) throws Throwable {
+		public void before(Method method, Object[] objects, @Nullable Object o) {
 			countBefore++;
 		}
 

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/aspectj/TypePatternClassFilterTests.java

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class TypePatternClassFilterTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void invocationOfMatchesMethodBlowsUpWhenNoTypePatternHasBeenSet() throws Exception {
+	void invocationOfMatchesMethodBlowsUpWhenNoTypePatternHasBeenSet() {
 		assertThatIllegalStateException().isThrownBy(() -> new TypePatternClassFilter().matches(String.class));
 	}
 

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/aspectj/annotation/AbstractAspectJAdvisorFactoryTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ abstract class AbstractAspectJAdvisorFactoryTests {
 		assertThat(lockable.locked()).as("Already locked").isTrue();
 		lockable.lock();
 		assertThat(lockable.locked()).as("Real target ignores locking").isTrue();
-		assertThatExceptionOfType(UnsupportedOperationException.class).isThrownBy(() -> lockable.unlock());
+		assertThatExceptionOfType(UnsupportedOperationException.class).isThrownBy(lockable::unlock);
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ abstract class AbstractAspectJAdvisorFactoryTests {
 	static class NamedPointcutAspectWithFQN {
 
 		@SuppressWarnings("unused")
-		private ITestBean fieldThatShouldBeIgnoredBySpringAtAspectJProcessing = new TestBean();
+		private final ITestBean fieldThatShouldBeIgnoredBySpringAtAspectJProcessing = new TestBean();
 
 		@Around("org.springframework.aop.aspectj.annotation.AbstractAspectJAdvisorFactoryTests.CommonPointcuts.getAge()()")
 		int changeReturnValue(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) {
@@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ abstract class AbstractAspectJAdvisorFactoryTests {
 
 
 	@Aspect
-	class DoublingAspect {
+	static class DoublingAspect {
 
 		@Around("execution(* getAge())")
 		public Object doubleAge(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
@@ -771,7 +771,7 @@ abstract class AbstractAspectJAdvisorFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Aspect
-	class IncrementingAspect extends DoublingAspect {
+	static class IncrementingAspect extends DoublingAspect {
 
 		@Around("execution(* getAge())")
 		public int incrementAge(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
@@ -1080,7 +1080,7 @@ class PerThisAspect {
 
 	// Just to check that this doesn't cause problems with introduction processing
 	@SuppressWarnings("unused")
-	private ITestBean fieldThatShouldBeIgnoredBySpringAtAspectJProcessing = new TestBean();
+	private final ITestBean fieldThatShouldBeIgnoredBySpringAtAspectJProcessing = new TestBean();
 
 	@Around("execution(int *.getAge())")
 	int returnCountAsAge() {

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/aspectj/annotation/ArgumentBindingTests.java

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class ArgumentBindingTests {
 	static class PointcutWithAnnotationArgument {
 
 		@Around("execution(* org.springframework..*.*(..)) && @annotation(transactional)")
-		public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, Transactional transactional) throws Throwable {
+		public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, Transactional transactional) {
 			throw new IllegalStateException("Invoked with @Transactional");
 		}
 	}
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class ArgumentBindingTests {
 		public void pointcutWithArgs(String s) {}
 
 		@Around("pointcutWithArgs(aString)")
-		public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, String aString) throws Throwable {
+		public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, String aString) {
 			throw new IllegalArgumentException(aString);
 		}
 	}
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class ArgumentBindingTests {
 	static class DynamicPointcutWithArgs {
 
 		@Around("execution(* *(..)) && args(java.lang.String)")
-		public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
+		public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) {
 			throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.valueOf(pjp.getArgs()[0]));
 		}
 	}

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/aspectj/annotation/AspectJPointcutAdvisorTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import org.springframework.aop.Pointcut;
 import org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJExpressionPointcut;
-import org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJExpressionPointcutTests;
 import org.springframework.aop.aspectj.annotation.AbstractAspectJAdvisorFactoryTests.ExceptionThrowingAspect;
 import org.springframework.aop.framework.AopConfigException;
+import org.springframework.aop.testfixture.aspectj.CommonExpressions;
 import org.springframework.aop.testfixture.aspectj.PerTargetAspect;
 import org.springframework.beans.testfixture.beans.TestBean;
 
@@ -33,15 +33,15 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType;
  * @author Rod Johnson
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class AspectJPointcutAdvisorTests {
+class AspectJPointcutAdvisorTests {
 
 	private final AspectJAdvisorFactory af = new ReflectiveAspectJAdvisorFactory();
 
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSingleton() throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException {
+	void testSingleton() throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException {
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut ajexp = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
-		ajexp.setExpression(AspectJExpressionPointcutTests.MATCH_ALL_METHODS);
+		ajexp.setExpression(CommonExpressions.MATCH_ALL_METHODS);
 
 		InstantiationModelAwarePointcutAdvisorImpl ajpa = new InstantiationModelAwarePointcutAdvisorImpl(
 				ajexp, TestBean.class.getMethod("getAge"), af,
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ public class AspectJPointcutAdvisorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testPerTarget() throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException {
+	void testPerTarget() throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException {
 		AspectJExpressionPointcut ajexp = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
-		ajexp.setExpression(AspectJExpressionPointcutTests.MATCH_ALL_METHODS);
+		ajexp.setExpression(CommonExpressions.MATCH_ALL_METHODS);
 
 		InstantiationModelAwarePointcutAdvisorImpl ajpa = new InstantiationModelAwarePointcutAdvisorImpl(
 				ajexp, TestBean.class.getMethod("getAge"), af,
@@ -76,13 +76,13 @@ public class AspectJPointcutAdvisorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testPerCflowTarget() {
+	void testPerCflowTarget() {
 		assertThatExceptionOfType(AopConfigException.class).isThrownBy(() ->
 				testIllegalInstantiationModel(AbstractAspectJAdvisorFactoryTests.PerCflowAspect.class));
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testPerCflowBelowTarget() {
+	void testPerCflowBelowTarget() {
 		assertThatExceptionOfType(AopConfigException.class).isThrownBy(() ->
 				testIllegalInstantiationModel(AbstractAspectJAdvisorFactoryTests.PerCflowBelowAspect.class));
 	}

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/aspectj/annotation/AspectProxyFactoryTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -36,17 +36,17 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatIllegalArgumentException
  * @author Juergen Hoeller
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class AspectProxyFactoryTests {
+class AspectProxyFactoryTests {
 
 	@Test
-	public void testWithNonAspect() {
+	void testWithNonAspect() {
 		AspectJProxyFactory proxyFactory = new AspectJProxyFactory(new TestBean());
 		assertThatIllegalArgumentException().isThrownBy(() ->
 				proxyFactory.addAspect(TestBean.class));
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testWithSimpleAspect() throws Exception {
+	void testWithSimpleAspect() {
 		TestBean bean = new TestBean();
 		bean.setAge(2);
 		AspectJProxyFactory proxyFactory = new AspectJProxyFactory(bean);
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public class AspectProxyFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testWithPerThisAspect() throws Exception {
+	void testWithPerThisAspect() {
 		TestBean bean1 = new TestBean();
 		TestBean bean2 = new TestBean();
 
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public class AspectProxyFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testWithInstanceWithNonAspect() throws Exception {
+	void testWithInstanceWithNonAspect() {
 		AspectJProxyFactory pf = new AspectJProxyFactory();
 		assertThatIllegalArgumentException().isThrownBy(() ->
 				pf.addAspect(new TestBean()));
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ public class AspectProxyFactoryTests {
 
 	@Test
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-	public void testSerializable() throws Exception {
+	void testSerializable() throws Exception {
 		AspectJProxyFactory proxyFactory = new AspectJProxyFactory(new TestBean());
 		proxyFactory.addAspect(LoggingAspectOnVarargs.class);
 		ITestBean proxy = proxyFactory.getProxy();
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ public class AspectProxyFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testWithInstance() throws Exception {
+	void testWithInstance() throws Exception {
 		MultiplyReturnValue aspect = new MultiplyReturnValue();
 		int multiple = 3;
 		aspect.setMultiple(multiple);
@@ -113,14 +113,13 @@ public class AspectProxyFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testWithNonSingletonAspectInstance() throws Exception {
+	void testWithNonSingletonAspectInstance() {
 		AspectJProxyFactory pf = new AspectJProxyFactory();
 		assertThatIllegalArgumentException().isThrownBy(() -> pf.addAspect(new PerThisAspect()));
 	}
 
 	@Test  // SPR-13328
-	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-	public void testProxiedVarargsWithEnumArray() throws Exception {
+	public void testProxiedVarargsWithEnumArray() {
 		AspectJProxyFactory proxyFactory = new AspectJProxyFactory(new TestBean());
 		proxyFactory.addAspect(LoggingAspectOnVarargs.class);
 		ITestBean proxy = proxyFactory.getProxy();
@@ -128,8 +127,7 @@ public class AspectProxyFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test  // SPR-13328
-	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
-	public void testUnproxiedVarargsWithEnumArray() throws Exception {
+	public void testUnproxiedVarargsWithEnumArray() {
 		AspectJProxyFactory proxyFactory = new AspectJProxyFactory(new TestBean());
 		proxyFactory.addAspect(LoggingAspectOnSetter.class);
 		ITestBean proxy = proxyFactory.getProxy();
@@ -174,13 +172,13 @@ public class AspectProxyFactoryTests {
 
 	public enum MyEnum implements MyInterface {
 
-		A, B;
+		A, B
 	}
 
 
 	public enum MyOtherEnum implements MyInterface {
 
-		C, D;
+		C, D
 	}
 
 

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/aspectj/autoproxy/AspectJNamespaceHandlerTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
  * @author Rob Harrop
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class AspectJNamespaceHandlerTests {
+class AspectJNamespaceHandlerTests {
 
 	private ParserContext parserContext;
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public class AspectJNamespaceHandlerTests {
 
 
 	@BeforeEach
-	public void setUp() throws Exception {
+	public void setUp() {
 		SourceExtractor sourceExtractor = new PassThroughSourceExtractor();
 		XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(this.registry);
 		XmlReaderContext readerContext =
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public class AspectJNamespaceHandlerTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testRegisterAutoProxyCreator() throws Exception {
+	void testRegisterAutoProxyCreator() {
 		AopNamespaceUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(this.parserContext, null);
 		assertThat(registry.getBeanDefinitionCount()).as("Incorrect number of definitions registered").isEqualTo(1);
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public class AspectJNamespaceHandlerTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testRegisterAspectJAutoProxyCreator() throws Exception {
+	void testRegisterAspectJAutoProxyCreator() {
 		AopNamespaceUtils.registerAspectJAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(this.parserContext, null);
 		assertThat(registry.getBeanDefinitionCount()).as("Incorrect number of definitions registered").isEqualTo(1);
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ public class AspectJNamespaceHandlerTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testRegisterAspectJAutoProxyCreatorWithExistingAutoProxyCreator() throws Exception {
+	void testRegisterAspectJAutoProxyCreatorWithExistingAutoProxyCreator() {
 		AopNamespaceUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(this.parserContext, null);
 		assertThat(registry.getBeanDefinitionCount()).isEqualTo(1);
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ public class AspectJNamespaceHandlerTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testRegisterAutoProxyCreatorWhenAspectJAutoProxyCreatorAlreadyExists() throws Exception {
+	void testRegisterAutoProxyCreatorWhenAspectJAutoProxyCreatorAlreadyExists() {
 		AopNamespaceUtils.registerAspectJAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(this.parserContext, null);
 		assertThat(registry.getBeanDefinitionCount()).isEqualTo(1);
 

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/aspectj/autoproxy/AspectJPrecedenceComparatorTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
  * @author Adrian Colyer
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class AspectJPrecedenceComparatorTests {
+class AspectJPrecedenceComparatorTests {
 
 	private static final int HIGH_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER = 100;
 	private static final int LOW_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER = 200;
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ public class AspectJPrecedenceComparatorTests {
 
 
 	@BeforeEach
-	public void setUp() throws Exception {
+	public void setUp() {
 		this.comparator = new AspectJPrecedenceComparator();
 		this.anyOldMethod = getClass().getMethods()[0];
 		this.anyOldPointcut = new AspectJExpressionPointcut();
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public class AspectJPrecedenceComparatorTests {
 
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSameAspectNoAfterAdvice() {
+	void testSameAspectNoAfterAdvice() {
 		Advisor advisor1 = createAspectJBeforeAdvice(HIGH_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER, EARLY_ADVICE_DECLARATION_ORDER, "someAspect");
 		Advisor advisor2 = createAspectJBeforeAdvice(HIGH_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER, LATE_ADVICE_DECLARATION_ORDER, "someAspect");
 		assertThat(this.comparator.compare(advisor1, advisor2)).as("advisor1 sorted before advisor2").isEqualTo(-1);
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public class AspectJPrecedenceComparatorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSameAspectAfterAdvice() {
+	void testSameAspectAfterAdvice() {
 		Advisor advisor1 = createAspectJAfterAdvice(HIGH_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER, EARLY_ADVICE_DECLARATION_ORDER, "someAspect");
 		Advisor advisor2 = createAspectJAroundAdvice(HIGH_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER, LATE_ADVICE_DECLARATION_ORDER, "someAspect");
 		assertThat(this.comparator.compare(advisor1, advisor2)).as("advisor2 sorted before advisor1").isEqualTo(1);
@@ -87,14 +87,14 @@ public class AspectJPrecedenceComparatorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSameAspectOneOfEach() {
+	void testSameAspectOneOfEach() {
 		Advisor advisor1 = createAspectJAfterAdvice(HIGH_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER, EARLY_ADVICE_DECLARATION_ORDER, "someAspect");
 		Advisor advisor2 = createAspectJBeforeAdvice(HIGH_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER, LATE_ADVICE_DECLARATION_ORDER, "someAspect");
 		assertThat(this.comparator.compare(advisor1, advisor2)).as("advisor1 and advisor2 not comparable").isEqualTo(1);
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSameAdvisorPrecedenceDifferentAspectNoAfterAdvice() {
+	void testSameAdvisorPrecedenceDifferentAspectNoAfterAdvice() {
 		Advisor advisor1 = createAspectJBeforeAdvice(HIGH_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER, EARLY_ADVICE_DECLARATION_ORDER, "someAspect");
 		Advisor advisor2 = createAspectJBeforeAdvice(HIGH_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER, LATE_ADVICE_DECLARATION_ORDER, "someOtherAspect");
 		assertThat(this.comparator.compare(advisor1, advisor2)).as("nothing to say about order here").isEqualTo(0);
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ public class AspectJPrecedenceComparatorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSameAdvisorPrecedenceDifferentAspectAfterAdvice() {
+	void testSameAdvisorPrecedenceDifferentAspectAfterAdvice() {
 		Advisor advisor1 = createAspectJAfterAdvice(HIGH_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER, EARLY_ADVICE_DECLARATION_ORDER, "someAspect");
 		Advisor advisor2 = createAspectJAroundAdvice(HIGH_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER, LATE_ADVICE_DECLARATION_ORDER, "someOtherAspect");
 		assertThat(this.comparator.compare(advisor1, advisor2)).as("nothing to say about order here").isEqualTo(0);
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ public class AspectJPrecedenceComparatorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testHigherAdvisorPrecedenceNoAfterAdvice() {
+	void testHigherAdvisorPrecedenceNoAfterAdvice() {
 		Advisor advisor1 = createSpringAOPBeforeAdvice(HIGH_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER);
 		Advisor advisor2 = createAspectJBeforeAdvice(LOW_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER, EARLY_ADVICE_DECLARATION_ORDER, "someOtherAspect");
 		assertThat(this.comparator.compare(advisor1, advisor2)).as("advisor1 sorted before advisor2").isEqualTo(-1);
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ public class AspectJPrecedenceComparatorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testHigherAdvisorPrecedenceAfterAdvice() {
+	void testHigherAdvisorPrecedenceAfterAdvice() {
 		Advisor advisor1 = createAspectJAfterAdvice(HIGH_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER, EARLY_ADVICE_DECLARATION_ORDER, "someAspect");
 		Advisor advisor2 = createAspectJAroundAdvice(LOW_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER, LATE_ADVICE_DECLARATION_ORDER, "someOtherAspect");
 		assertThat(this.comparator.compare(advisor1, advisor2)).as("advisor1 sorted before advisor2").isEqualTo(-1);
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ public class AspectJPrecedenceComparatorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testLowerAdvisorPrecedenceNoAfterAdvice() {
+	void testLowerAdvisorPrecedenceNoAfterAdvice() {
 		Advisor advisor1 = createAspectJBeforeAdvice(LOW_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER, EARLY_ADVICE_DECLARATION_ORDER, "someAspect");
 		Advisor advisor2 = createAspectJBeforeAdvice(HIGH_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER, EARLY_ADVICE_DECLARATION_ORDER, "someOtherAspect");
 		assertThat(this.comparator.compare(advisor1, advisor2)).as("advisor1 sorted after advisor2").isEqualTo(1);
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ public class AspectJPrecedenceComparatorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testLowerAdvisorPrecedenceAfterAdvice() {
+	void testLowerAdvisorPrecedenceAfterAdvice() {
 		Advisor advisor1 = createAspectJAfterAdvice(LOW_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER, EARLY_ADVICE_DECLARATION_ORDER, "someAspect");
 		Advisor advisor2 = createAspectJAroundAdvice(HIGH_PRECEDENCE_ADVISOR_ORDER, LATE_ADVICE_DECLARATION_ORDER, "someOtherAspect");
 		assertThat(this.comparator.compare(advisor1, advisor2)).as("advisor1 sorted after advisor2").isEqualTo(1);

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/framework/IntroductionBenchmarkTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@ import org.springframework.util.StopWatch;
 
 /**
  * Benchmarks for introductions.
- *
+ * <p>
  * NOTE: No assertions!
  *
  * @author Rod Johnson
  * @author Chris Beams
  * @since 2.0
  */
-public class IntroductionBenchmarkTests {
+class IntroductionBenchmarkTests {
 
 	private static final int EXPECTED_COMPARE = 13;
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ public class IntroductionBenchmarkTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void timeManyInvocations() {
+	void timeManyInvocations() {
 		StopWatch sw = new StopWatch();
 
 		TestBean target = new TestBean();

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/framework/NullPrimitiveTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType;
  *
  * @author Dave Syer
  */
-public class NullPrimitiveTests {
+class NullPrimitiveTests {
 
 	interface Foo {
 		int getValue();
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testNullPrimitiveWithJdkProxy() {
+	void testNullPrimitiveWithJdkProxy() {
 
 		class SimpleFoo implements Foo {
 			@Override
@@ -51,8 +51,7 @@ public class NullPrimitiveTests {
 
 		Foo foo = (Foo) factory.getProxy();
 
-		assertThatExceptionOfType(AopInvocationException.class).isThrownBy(() ->
-				foo.getValue())
+		assertThatExceptionOfType(AopInvocationException.class).isThrownBy(foo::getValue)
 			.withMessageContaining("Foo.getValue()");
 	}
 
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ public class NullPrimitiveTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testNullPrimitiveWithCglibProxy() {
+	void testNullPrimitiveWithCglibProxy() {
 
 		Bar target = new Bar();
 		ProxyFactory factory = new ProxyFactory(target);
@@ -71,8 +70,7 @@ public class NullPrimitiveTests {
 
 		Bar bar = (Bar) factory.getProxy();
 
-		assertThatExceptionOfType(AopInvocationException.class).isThrownBy(() ->
-				bar.getValue())
+		assertThatExceptionOfType(AopInvocationException.class).isThrownBy(bar::getValue)
 			.withMessageContaining("Bar.getValue()");
 	}
 

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/framework/PrototypeTargetTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ import static org.springframework.core.testfixture.io.ResourceTestUtils.qualifie
  * @author Chris Beams
  * @since 03.09.2004
  */
-public class PrototypeTargetTests {
+class PrototypeTargetTests {
 
 	private static final Resource CONTEXT = qualifiedResource(PrototypeTargetTests.class, "context.xml");
 
 
 	@Test
-	public void testPrototypeProxyWithPrototypeTarget() {
+	void testPrototypeProxyWithPrototypeTarget() {
 		TestBeanImpl.constructionCount = 0;
 		DefaultListableBeanFactory bf = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
 		new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(bf).loadBeanDefinitions(CONTEXT);
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public class PrototypeTargetTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSingletonProxyWithPrototypeTarget() {
+	void testSingletonProxyWithPrototypeTarget() {
 		TestBeanImpl.constructionCount = 0;
 		DefaultListableBeanFactory bf = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
 		new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(bf).loadBeanDefinitions(CONTEXT);

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/framework/ProxyFactoryTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatRuntimeException;
  * @author Chris Beams
  * @since 14.05.2003
  */
-public class ProxyFactoryTests {
+class ProxyFactoryTests {
 
 	@Test
-	public void testIndexOfMethods() {
+	void testIndexOfMethods() {
 		TestBean target = new TestBean();
 		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory(target);
 		NopInterceptor nop = new NopInterceptor();
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public class ProxyFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testRemoveAdvisorByReference() {
+	void testRemoveAdvisorByReference() {
 		TestBean target = new TestBean();
 		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory(target);
 		NopInterceptor nop = new NopInterceptor();
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ public class ProxyFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testRemoveAdvisorByIndex() {
+	void testRemoveAdvisorByIndex() {
 		TestBean target = new TestBean();
 		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory(target);
 		NopInterceptor nop = new NopInterceptor();
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ public class ProxyFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testReplaceAdvisor() {
+	void testReplaceAdvisor() {
 		TestBean target = new TestBean();
 		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory(target);
 		NopInterceptor nop = new NopInterceptor();
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ public class ProxyFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testAddRepeatedInterface() {
+	void testAddRepeatedInterface() {
 		TimeStamped tst = () -> {
 			throw new UnsupportedOperationException("getTimeStamp");
 		};
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ public class ProxyFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testGetsAllInterfaces() {
+	void testGetsAllInterfaces() {
 		// Extend to get new interface
 		class TestBeanSubclass extends TestBean implements Comparable<Object> {
 			@Override
@@ -220,10 +220,10 @@ public class ProxyFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testInterceptorInclusionMethods() {
+	void testInterceptorInclusionMethods() {
 		class MyInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {
 			@Override
-			public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
+			public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) {
 				throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
 			}
 		}
@@ -244,9 +244,9 @@ public class ProxyFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSealedInterfaceExclusion() {
+	void testSealedInterfaceExclusion() {
 		// String implements ConstantDesc on JDK 12+, sealed as of JDK 17
-		ProxyFactory factory = new ProxyFactory(new String());
+		ProxyFactory factory = new ProxyFactory("");
 		NopInterceptor di = new NopInterceptor();
 		factory.addAdvice(0, di);
 		Object proxy = factory.getProxy();
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ public class ProxyFactoryTests {
 	 * Should see effect immediately on behavior.
 	 */
 	@Test
-	public void testCanAddAndRemoveAspectInterfacesOnSingleton() {
+	void testCanAddAndRemoveAspectInterfacesOnSingleton() {
 		ProxyFactory config = new ProxyFactory(new TestBean());
 
 		assertThat(config.getProxy()).as("Shouldn't implement TimeStamped before manipulation")
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ public class ProxyFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testProxyTargetClassWithInterfaceAsTarget() {
+	void testProxyTargetClassWithInterfaceAsTarget() {
 		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory();
 		pf.setTargetClass(ITestBean.class);
 		Object proxy = pf.getProxy();
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ public class ProxyFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testProxyTargetClassWithConcreteClassAsTarget() {
+	void testProxyTargetClassWithConcreteClassAsTarget() {
 		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory();
 		pf.setTargetClass(TestBean.class);
 		Object proxy = pf.getProxy();
@@ -347,19 +347,18 @@ public class ProxyFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testInterfaceProxiesCanBeOrderedThroughAnnotations() {
+	void testInterfaceProxiesCanBeOrderedThroughAnnotations() {
 		Object proxy1 = new ProxyFactory(new A()).getProxy();
 		Object proxy2 = new ProxyFactory(new B()).getProxy();
 		List<Object> list = new ArrayList<>(2);
 		list.add(proxy1);
 		list.add(proxy2);
 		AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(list);
-		assertThat(list).element(0).isSameAs(proxy2);
-		assertThat(list).element(1).isSameAs(proxy1);
+		assertThat(list).containsExactly(proxy2, proxy1);
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testTargetClassProxiesCanBeOrderedThroughAnnotations() {
+	void testTargetClassProxiesCanBeOrderedThroughAnnotations() {
 		ProxyFactory pf1 = new ProxyFactory(new A());
 		pf1.setProxyTargetClass(true);
 		ProxyFactory pf2 = new ProxyFactory(new B());
@@ -370,12 +369,11 @@ public class ProxyFactoryTests {
 		list.add(proxy1);
 		list.add(proxy2);
 		AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(list);
-		assertThat(list).element(0).isSameAs(proxy2);
-		assertThat(list).element(1).isSameAs(proxy1);
+		assertThat(list).containsExactly(proxy2, proxy1);
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testInterceptorWithoutJoinpoint() {
+	void testInterceptorWithoutJoinpoint() {
 		final TestBean target = new TestBean("tb");
 		ITestBean proxy = ProxyFactory.getProxy(ITestBean.class, (MethodInterceptor) invocation -> {
 			assertThat(invocation.getThis()).isNull();
@@ -385,7 +383,7 @@ public class ProxyFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testCharSequenceProxy() {
+	void testCharSequenceProxy() {
 		CharSequence target = "test";
 		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory(target);
 		ClassLoader cl = target.getClass().getClassLoader();
@@ -395,7 +393,7 @@ public class ProxyFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testDateProxy() {
+	void testDateProxy() {
 		Date target = new Date();
 		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory(target);
 		pf.setProxyTargetClass(true);
@@ -406,14 +404,14 @@ public class ProxyFactoryTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testJdbcSavepointProxy() throws SQLException {
+	void testJdbcSavepointProxy() throws SQLException {
 		Savepoint target = new Savepoint() {
 			@Override
-			public int getSavepointId() throws SQLException {
+			public int getSavepointId() {
 				return 1;
 			}
 			@Override
-			public String getSavepointName() throws SQLException {
+			public String getSavepointName() {
 				return "sp";
 			}
 		};

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/framework/adapter/ThrowsAdviceInterceptorTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -37,17 +37,17 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
  * @author Chris Beams
  * @author Juergen Hoeller
  */
-public class ThrowsAdviceInterceptorTests {
+class ThrowsAdviceInterceptorTests {
 
 	@Test
-	public void testNoHandlerMethods() {
+	void testNoHandlerMethods() {
 		// should require one handler method at least
 		assertThatExceptionOfType(AopConfigException.class).isThrownBy(() ->
 				new ThrowsAdviceInterceptor(new Object()));
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testNotInvoked() throws Throwable {
+	void testNotInvoked() throws Throwable {
 		MyThrowsHandler th = new MyThrowsHandler();
 		ThrowsAdviceInterceptor ti = new ThrowsAdviceInterceptor(th);
 		Object ret = new Object();
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public class ThrowsAdviceInterceptorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testNoHandlerMethodForThrowable() throws Throwable {
+	void testNoHandlerMethodForThrowable() throws Throwable {
 		MyThrowsHandler th = new MyThrowsHandler();
 		ThrowsAdviceInterceptor ti = new ThrowsAdviceInterceptor(th);
 		assertThat(ti.getHandlerMethodCount()).isEqualTo(2);
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public class ThrowsAdviceInterceptorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testCorrectHandlerUsed() throws Throwable {
+	void testCorrectHandlerUsed() throws Throwable {
 		MyThrowsHandler th = new MyThrowsHandler();
 		ThrowsAdviceInterceptor ti = new ThrowsAdviceInterceptor(th);
 		FileNotFoundException ex = new FileNotFoundException();
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ public class ThrowsAdviceInterceptorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testCorrectHandlerUsedForSubclass() throws Throwable {
+	void testCorrectHandlerUsedForSubclass() throws Throwable {
 		MyThrowsHandler th = new MyThrowsHandler();
 		ThrowsAdviceInterceptor ti = new ThrowsAdviceInterceptor(th);
 		// Extends RemoteException
@@ -97,10 +97,9 @@ public class ThrowsAdviceInterceptorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testHandlerMethodThrowsException() throws Throwable {
+	void testHandlerMethodThrowsException() throws Throwable {
 		final Throwable t = new Throwable();
 
-		@SuppressWarnings("serial")
 		MyThrowsHandler th = new MyThrowsHandler() {
 			@Override
 			public void afterThrowing(RemoteException ex) throws Throwable {

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/interceptor/ConcurrencyThrottleInterceptorTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
  * @author Chris Beams
  * @since 06.04.2004
  */
-public class ConcurrencyThrottleInterceptorTests {
+class ConcurrencyThrottleInterceptorTests {
 
 	protected static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ConcurrencyThrottleInterceptorTests.class);
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public class ConcurrencyThrottleInterceptorTests {
 
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSerializable() throws Exception {
+	void testSerializable() throws Exception {
 		DerivedTestBean tb = new DerivedTestBean();
 		ProxyFactory proxyFactory = new ProxyFactory();
 		proxyFactory.setInterfaces(ITestBean.class);
@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ public class ConcurrencyThrottleInterceptorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testMultipleThreadsWithLimit1() {
+	void testMultipleThreadsWithLimit1() {
 		testMultipleThreads(1);
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testMultipleThreadsWithLimit10() {
+	void testMultipleThreadsWithLimit10() {
 		testMultipleThreads(10);
 	}
 
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ public class ConcurrencyThrottleInterceptorTests {
 
 	private static class ConcurrencyThread extends Thread {
 
-		private ITestBean proxy;
-		private Throwable ex;
+		private final ITestBean proxy;
+		private final Throwable ex;
 
 		public ConcurrencyThread(ITestBean proxy, Throwable ex) {
 			this.proxy = proxy;

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/interceptor/CustomizableTraceInterceptorTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class CustomizableTraceInterceptorTests {
 	void sunnyDayPathLogsCorrectlyWithPrettyMuchAllPlaceholdersMatching() throws Throwable {
 		MethodInvocation methodInvocation = mock();
 
-		given(methodInvocation.getMethod()).willReturn(String.class.getMethod("toString", new Class[0]));
+		given(methodInvocation.getMethod()).willReturn(String.class.getMethod("toString"));
 		given(methodInvocation.getThis()).willReturn(this);
 		given(methodInvocation.getArguments()).willReturn(new Object[]{"$ One \\$", 2L});
 		given(methodInvocation.proceed()).willReturn("Hello!");
@@ -177,7 +177,6 @@ class CustomizableTraceInterceptorTests {
 	 * is properly configured in {@link CustomizableTraceInterceptor}.
 	 */
 	@Test
-	@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
 	void supportedPlaceholderValues() {
 		assertThat(ALLOWED_PLACEHOLDERS).containsExactlyInAnyOrderElementsOf(getPlaceholderConstantValues());
 	}

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/interceptor/DebugInterceptorTests.java

@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
  * @author Rick Evans
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class DebugInterceptorTests {
+class DebugInterceptorTests {
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSunnyDayPathLogsCorrectly() throws Throwable {
+	void testSunnyDayPathLogsCorrectly() throws Throwable {
 		MethodInvocation methodInvocation = mock();
 
 		Log log = mock();
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public class DebugInterceptorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testExceptionPathStillLogsCorrectly() throws Throwable {
+	void testExceptionPathStillLogsCorrectly() throws Throwable {
 		MethodInvocation methodInvocation = mock();
 
 		IllegalArgumentException exception = new IllegalArgumentException();

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/interceptor/ExposeBeanNameAdvisorsTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
  * @author Rod Johnson
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class ExposeBeanNameAdvisorsTests {
+class ExposeBeanNameAdvisorsTests {
 
-	private class RequiresBeanNameBoundTestBean extends TestBean {
+	private static class RequiresBeanNameBoundTestBean extends TestBean {
 		private final String beanName;
 
 		public RequiresBeanNameBoundTestBean(String beanName) {
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ public class ExposeBeanNameAdvisorsTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testNoIntroduction() {
+	void testNoIntroduction() {
 		String beanName = "foo";
 		TestBean target = new RequiresBeanNameBoundTestBean(beanName);
 		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory(target);
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ public class ExposeBeanNameAdvisorsTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testWithIntroduction() {
+	void testWithIntroduction() {
 		String beanName = "foo";
 		TestBean target = new RequiresBeanNameBoundTestBean(beanName);
 		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory(target);

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/interceptor/ExposeInvocationInterceptorTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2020 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ import static org.springframework.core.testfixture.io.ResourceTestUtils.qualifie
  * @author Rod Johnson
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class ExposeInvocationInterceptorTests {
+class ExposeInvocationInterceptorTests {
 
 	@Test
-	public void testXmlConfig() {
+	void testXmlConfig() {
 		DefaultListableBeanFactory bf = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
 		new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(bf).loadBeanDefinitions(
 				qualifiedResource(ExposeInvocationInterceptorTests.class, "context.xml"));

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/interceptor/PerformanceMonitorInterceptorTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -32,10 +32,10 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
  * @author Rick Evans
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class PerformanceMonitorInterceptorTests {
+class PerformanceMonitorInterceptorTests {
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSuffixAndPrefixAssignment() {
+	void testSuffixAndPrefixAssignment() {
 		PerformanceMonitorInterceptor interceptor = new PerformanceMonitorInterceptor();
 
 		assertThat(interceptor.getPrefix()).isNotNull();
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ public class PerformanceMonitorInterceptorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSunnyDayPathLogsPerformanceMetricsCorrectly() throws Throwable {
+	void testSunnyDayPathLogsPerformanceMetricsCorrectly() throws Throwable {
 		MethodInvocation mi = mock();
-		given(mi.getMethod()).willReturn(String.class.getMethod("toString", new Class[0]));
+		given(mi.getMethod()).willReturn(String.class.getMethod("toString"));
 
 		Log log = mock();
 
@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ public class PerformanceMonitorInterceptorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testExceptionPathStillLogsPerformanceMetricsCorrectly() throws Throwable {
+	void testExceptionPathStillLogsPerformanceMetricsCorrectly() throws Throwable {
 		MethodInvocation mi = mock();
 
-		given(mi.getMethod()).willReturn(String.class.getMethod("toString", new Class[0]));
+		given(mi.getMethod()).willReturn(String.class.getMethod("toString"));
 		given(mi.proceed()).willThrow(new IllegalArgumentException());
 		Log log = mock();
 

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/interceptor/SimpleTraceInterceptorTests.java

@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
  * @author Rick Evans
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class SimpleTraceInterceptorTests {
+class SimpleTraceInterceptorTests {
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSunnyDayPathLogsCorrectly() throws Throwable {
+	void testSunnyDayPathLogsCorrectly() throws Throwable {
 		MethodInvocation mi = mock();
 		given(mi.getMethod()).willReturn(String.class.getMethod("toString"));
 		given(mi.getThis()).willReturn(this);
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public class SimpleTraceInterceptorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testExceptionPathStillLogsCorrectly() throws Throwable {
+	void testExceptionPathStillLogsCorrectly() throws Throwable {
 		MethodInvocation mi = mock();
 		given(mi.getMethod()).willReturn(String.class.getMethod("toString"));
 		given(mi.getThis()).willReturn(this);

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/scope/DefaultScopedObjectTests.java

@@ -29,31 +29,31 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
  * @author Rick Evans
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class DefaultScopedObjectTests {
+class DefaultScopedObjectTests {
 
 	private static final String GOOD_BEAN_NAME = "foo";
 
 
 	@Test
-	public void testCtorWithNullBeanFactory() throws Exception {
+	void testCtorWithNullBeanFactory() {
 		assertThatIllegalArgumentException().isThrownBy(() ->
 			new DefaultScopedObject(null, GOOD_BEAN_NAME));
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testCtorWithNullTargetBeanName() throws Exception {
+	void testCtorWithNullTargetBeanName() {
 		assertThatIllegalArgumentException().isThrownBy(() ->
 				testBadTargetBeanName(null));
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testCtorWithEmptyTargetBeanName() throws Exception {
+	void testCtorWithEmptyTargetBeanName() {
 		assertThatIllegalArgumentException().isThrownBy(() ->
 				testBadTargetBeanName(""));
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testCtorWithJustWhitespacedTargetBeanName() throws Exception {
+	void testCtorWithJustWhitespacedTargetBeanName() {
 		assertThatIllegalArgumentException().isThrownBy(() ->
 				testBadTargetBeanName("   "));
 	}

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/scope/ScopedProxyAutowireTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ import static org.springframework.core.testfixture.io.ResourceTestUtils.qualifie
  * @author Juergen Hoeller
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class ScopedProxyAutowireTests {
+class ScopedProxyAutowireTests {
 
 	@Test
-	public void testScopedProxyInheritsAutowireCandidateFalse() {
+	void testScopedProxyInheritsAutowireCandidateFalse() {
 		DefaultListableBeanFactory bf = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
 		new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(bf).loadBeanDefinitions(
 				qualifiedResource(ScopedProxyAutowireTests.class, "scopedAutowireFalse.xml"));
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public class ScopedProxyAutowireTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testScopedProxyReplacesAutowireCandidateTrue() {
+	void testScopedProxyReplacesAutowireCandidateTrue() {
 		DefaultListableBeanFactory bf = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
 		new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(bf).loadBeanDefinitions(
 				qualifiedResource(ScopedProxyAutowireTests.class, "scopedAutowireTrue.xml"));

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/support/AopUtilsTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
  * @author Chris Beams
  * @author Sebastien Deleuze
  */
-public class AopUtilsTests {
+class AopUtilsTests {
 
 	@Test
-	public void testPointcutCanNeverApply() {
+	void testPointcutCanNeverApply() {
 		class TestPointcut extends StaticMethodMatcherPointcut {
 			@Override
 			public boolean matches(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> clazzy) {
@@ -54,13 +54,13 @@ public class AopUtilsTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testPointcutAlwaysApplies() {
+	void testPointcutAlwaysApplies() {
 		assertThat(AopUtils.canApply(new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(new NopInterceptor()), Object.class)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(AopUtils.canApply(new DefaultPointcutAdvisor(new NopInterceptor()), TestBean.class)).isTrue();
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testPointcutAppliesToOneMethodOnObject() {
+	void testPointcutAppliesToOneMethodOnObject() {
 		class TestPointcut extends StaticMethodMatcherPointcut {
 			@Override
 			public boolean matches(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> clazz) {
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ public class AopUtilsTests {
 	 * that's subverted the singleton construction limitation.
 	 */
 	@Test
-	public void testCanonicalFrameworkClassesStillCanonicalOnDeserialization() throws Exception {
+	void testCanonicalFrameworkClassesStillCanonicalOnDeserialization() throws Exception {
 		assertThat(SerializationTestUtils.serializeAndDeserialize(MethodMatcher.TRUE)).isSameAs(MethodMatcher.TRUE);
 		assertThat(SerializationTestUtils.serializeAndDeserialize(ClassFilter.TRUE)).isSameAs(ClassFilter.TRUE);
 		assertThat(SerializationTestUtils.serializeAndDeserialize(Pointcut.TRUE)).isSameAs(Pointcut.TRUE);
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public class AopUtilsTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testInvokeJoinpointUsingReflection() throws Throwable {
+	void testInvokeJoinpointUsingReflection() throws Throwable {
 		String name = "foo";
 		TestBean testBean = new TestBean(name);
 		Method method = ReflectionUtils.findMethod(TestBean.class, "getName");

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/support/ComposablePointcutTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
  * @author Rod Johnson
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class ComposablePointcutTests {
+class ComposablePointcutTests {
 
 	public static MethodMatcher GETTER_METHOD_MATCHER = new StaticMethodMatcher() {
 		@Override
@@ -56,23 +56,16 @@ public class ComposablePointcutTests {
 		}
 	};
 
-	public static MethodMatcher SETTER_METHOD_MATCHER = new StaticMethodMatcher() {
-		@Override
-		public boolean matches(Method m, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass) {
-			return m.getName().startsWith("set");
-		}
-	};
-
 
 	@Test
-	public void testMatchAll() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+	void testMatchAll() throws NoSuchMethodException {
 		Pointcut pc = new ComposablePointcut();
 		assertThat(pc.getClassFilter().matches(Object.class)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(pc.getMethodMatcher().matches(Object.class.getMethod("hashCode"), Exception.class)).isTrue();
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testFilterByClass() throws NoSuchMethodException {
+	void testFilterByClass() {
 		ComposablePointcut pc = new ComposablePointcut();
 
 		assertThat(pc.getClassFilter().matches(Object.class)).isTrue();
@@ -92,7 +85,7 @@ public class ComposablePointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testUnionMethodMatcher() {
+	void testUnionMethodMatcher() {
 		// Matches the getAge() method in any class
 		ComposablePointcut pc = new ComposablePointcut(ClassFilter.TRUE, GET_AGE_METHOD_MATCHER);
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(pc, PointcutsTests.TEST_BEAN_ABSQUATULATE, TestBean.class)).isFalse();
@@ -115,7 +108,7 @@ public class ComposablePointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testIntersectionMethodMatcher() {
+	void testIntersectionMethodMatcher() {
 		ComposablePointcut pc = new ComposablePointcut();
 		assertThat(pc.getMethodMatcher().matches(PointcutsTests.TEST_BEAN_ABSQUATULATE, TestBean.class)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(pc.getMethodMatcher().matches(PointcutsTests.TEST_BEAN_GET_AGE, TestBean.class)).isTrue();
@@ -132,7 +125,7 @@ public class ComposablePointcutTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testEqualsAndHashCode() throws Exception {
+	void testEqualsAndHashCode() {
 		ComposablePointcut pc1 = new ComposablePointcut();
 		ComposablePointcut pc2 = new ComposablePointcut();
 

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/support/ControlFlowPointcutTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ class ControlFlowPointcutTests {
 
 		// Will not be advised: not under MyComponent
 		assertThat(proxy.getAge()).isEqualTo(target.getAge());
-		assertThat(cflow.getEvaluations()).isEqualTo(1 * evaluationFactor);
+		assertThat(cflow.getEvaluations()).isEqualTo(evaluationFactor);
 		assertThat(nop.getCount()).isEqualTo(0);
 
 		// Will be advised: the proxy is invoked under MyComponent#getAge

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/support/DelegatingIntroductionInterceptorTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 class DelegatingIntroductionInterceptorTests {
 
 	@Test
-	void testNullTarget() throws Exception {
+	void testNullTarget() {
 		// Shouldn't accept null target
 		assertThatIllegalArgumentException().isThrownBy(() ->
 				new DelegatingIntroductionInterceptor(null));
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void testIntroductionInterceptorWithDelegation() throws Exception {
+	void testIntroductionInterceptorWithDelegation() {
 		TestBean raw = new TestBean();
 		assertThat(raw).isNotInstanceOf(TimeStamped.class);
 		ProxyFactory factory = new ProxyFactory(raw);
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class DelegatingIntroductionInterceptorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void testIntroductionInterceptorWithInterfaceHierarchy() throws Exception {
+	void testIntroductionInterceptorWithInterfaceHierarchy() {
 		TestBean raw = new TestBean();
 		assertThat(raw).isNotInstanceOf(SubTimeStamped.class);
 		ProxyFactory factory = new ProxyFactory(raw);
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class DelegatingIntroductionInterceptorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void testIntroductionInterceptorWithSuperInterface() throws Exception {
+	void testIntroductionInterceptorWithSuperInterface() {
 		TestBean raw = new TestBean();
 		assertThat(raw).isNotInstanceOf(TimeStamped.class);
 		ProxyFactory factory = new ProxyFactory(raw);
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class DelegatingIntroductionInterceptorTests {
 		final long t = 1001L;
 		class Tester implements TimeStamped, ITester {
 			@Override
-			public void foo() throws Exception {
+			public void foo() {
 			}
 			@Override
 			public long getTimeStamp() {
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class DelegatingIntroductionInterceptorTests {
 		@SuppressWarnings("serial")
 		class TestII extends DelegatingIntroductionInterceptor implements TimeStamped, ITester {
 			@Override
-			public void foo() throws Exception {
+			public void foo() {
 			}
 			@Override
 			public long getTimeStamp() {
@@ -177,9 +177,8 @@ class DelegatingIntroductionInterceptorTests {
 		assertThat(o).isNotInstanceOf(TimeStamped.class);
 	}
 
-	@SuppressWarnings("serial")
 	@Test
-	void testIntroductionInterceptorDoesntReplaceToString() throws Exception {
+	void testIntroductionInterceptorDoesNotReplaceToString() {
 		TestBean raw = new TestBean();
 		assertThat(raw).isNotInstanceOf(TimeStamped.class);
 		ProxyFactory factory = new ProxyFactory(raw);
@@ -246,7 +245,7 @@ class DelegatingIntroductionInterceptorTests {
 
 	// Test when target implements the interface: should get interceptor by preference.
 	@Test
-	void testIntroductionMasksTargetImplementation() throws Exception {
+	void testIntroductionMasksTargetImplementation() {
 		final long t = 1001L;
 		@SuppressWarnings("serial")
 		class TestII extends DelegatingIntroductionInterceptor implements TimeStamped {

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/support/MethodMatchersTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
  * @author Juergen Hoeller
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class MethodMatchersTests {
+class MethodMatchersTests {
 
 	private static final Method TEST_METHOD = mock(Method.class);
 
@@ -56,19 +56,19 @@ public class MethodMatchersTests {
 
 
 	@Test
-	public void testDefaultMatchesAll() throws Exception {
+	void testDefaultMatchesAll() {
 		MethodMatcher defaultMm = MethodMatcher.TRUE;
 		assertThat(defaultMm.matches(EXCEPTION_GETMESSAGE, Exception.class)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(defaultMm.matches(ITESTBEAN_SETAGE, TestBean.class)).isTrue();
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testMethodMatcherTrueSerializable() throws Exception {
+	void testMethodMatcherTrueSerializable() throws Exception {
 		assertThat(MethodMatcher.TRUE).isSameAs(SerializationTestUtils.serializeAndDeserialize(MethodMatcher.TRUE));
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSingle() throws Exception {
+	void testSingle() {
 		MethodMatcher defaultMm = MethodMatcher.TRUE;
 		assertThat(defaultMm.matches(EXCEPTION_GETMESSAGE, Exception.class)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(defaultMm.matches(ITESTBEAN_SETAGE, TestBean.class)).isTrue();
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ public class MethodMatchersTests {
 
 
 	@Test
-	public void testDynamicAndStaticMethodMatcherIntersection() throws Exception {
+	void testDynamicAndStaticMethodMatcherIntersection() {
 		MethodMatcher mm1 = MethodMatcher.TRUE;
 		MethodMatcher mm2 = new TestDynamicMethodMatcherWhichMatches();
 		MethodMatcher intersection = MethodMatchers.intersection(mm1, mm2);
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ public class MethodMatchersTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testStaticMethodMatcherUnion() throws Exception {
+	void testStaticMethodMatcherUnion() {
 		MethodMatcher getterMatcher = new StartsWithMatcher("get");
 		MethodMatcher setterMatcher = new StartsWithMatcher("set");
 		MethodMatcher union = MethodMatchers.union(getterMatcher, setterMatcher);
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ public class MethodMatchersTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testUnionEquals() {
+	void testUnionEquals() {
 		MethodMatcher first = MethodMatchers.union(MethodMatcher.TRUE, MethodMatcher.TRUE);
 		MethodMatcher second = new ComposablePointcut(MethodMatcher.TRUE).union(new ComposablePointcut(MethodMatcher.TRUE)).getMethodMatcher();
 		assertThat(first).isEqualTo(second);

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/support/PointcutsTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2020 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
  * @author Rod Johnson
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class PointcutsTests {
+class PointcutsTests {
 
 	public static Method TEST_BEAN_SET_AGE;
 	public static Method TEST_BEAN_GET_AGE;
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ public class PointcutsTests {
 
 
 	@Test
-	public void testTrue() {
+	void testTrue() {
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(Pointcut.TRUE, TEST_BEAN_SET_AGE, TestBean.class, 6)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(Pointcut.TRUE, TEST_BEAN_GET_AGE, TestBean.class)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(Pointcut.TRUE, TEST_BEAN_ABSQUATULATE, TestBean.class)).isTrue();
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ public class PointcutsTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testMatches() {
+	void testMatches() {
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(allClassSetterPointcut, TEST_BEAN_SET_AGE, TestBean.class, 6)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(allClassSetterPointcut, TEST_BEAN_GET_AGE, TestBean.class)).isFalse();
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(allClassSetterPointcut, TEST_BEAN_ABSQUATULATE, TestBean.class)).isFalse();
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ public class PointcutsTests {
 	 * Should match all setters and getters on any class
 	 */
 	@Test
-	public void testUnionOfSettersAndGetters() {
+	void testUnionOfSettersAndGetters() {
 		Pointcut union = Pointcuts.union(allClassGetterPointcut, allClassSetterPointcut);
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(union, TEST_BEAN_SET_AGE, TestBean.class, 6)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(union, TEST_BEAN_GET_AGE, TestBean.class)).isTrue();
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ public class PointcutsTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testUnionOfSpecificGetters() {
+	void testUnionOfSpecificGetters() {
 		Pointcut union = Pointcuts.union(allClassGetAgePointcut, allClassGetNamePointcut);
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(union, TEST_BEAN_SET_AGE, TestBean.class, 6)).isFalse();
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(union, TEST_BEAN_GET_AGE, TestBean.class)).isTrue();
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ public class PointcutsTests {
 	 * Second one matches all getters in the MyTestBean class. TestBean getters shouldn't pass.
 	 */
 	@Test
-	public void testUnionOfAllSettersAndSubclassSetters() {
+	void testUnionOfAllSettersAndSubclassSetters() {
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(myTestBeanSetterPointcut, TEST_BEAN_SET_AGE, TestBean.class, 6)).isFalse();
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(myTestBeanSetterPointcut, TEST_BEAN_SET_AGE, MyTestBean.class, 6)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(myTestBeanSetterPointcut, TEST_BEAN_GET_AGE, TestBean.class)).isFalse();
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ public class PointcutsTests {
 	 * it's the union of allClassGetAge and subclass getters
 	 */
 	@Test
-	public void testIntersectionOfSpecificGettersAndSubclassGetters() {
+	void testIntersectionOfSpecificGettersAndSubclassGetters() {
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(allClassGetAgePointcut, TEST_BEAN_GET_AGE, TestBean.class)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(allClassGetAgePointcut, TEST_BEAN_GET_AGE, MyTestBean.class)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(myTestBeanGetterPointcut, TEST_BEAN_GET_NAME, TestBean.class)).isFalse();
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ public class PointcutsTests {
 	 * The intersection of these two pointcuts leaves nothing.
 	 */
 	@Test
-	public void testSimpleIntersection() {
+	void testSimpleIntersection() {
 		Pointcut intersection = Pointcuts.intersection(allClassGetterPointcut, allClassSetterPointcut);
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(intersection, TEST_BEAN_SET_AGE, TestBean.class, 6)).isFalse();
 		assertThat(Pointcuts.matches(intersection, TEST_BEAN_GET_AGE, TestBean.class)).isFalse();

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/support/RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisorIntegrationTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2020 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@ import static org.springframework.core.testfixture.io.ResourceTestUtils.qualifie
  * @author Rod Johnson
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisorIntegrationTests {
+class RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisorIntegrationTests {
 
 	private static final Resource CONTEXT =
 			qualifiedResource(RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisorIntegrationTests.class, "context.xml");
 
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSinglePattern() throws Throwable {
+	void testSinglePattern() throws Throwable {
 		DefaultListableBeanFactory bf = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
 		new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(bf).loadBeanDefinitions(CONTEXT);
 		ITestBean advised = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("settersAdvised");
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public class RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisorIntegrationTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testMultiplePatterns() throws Throwable {
+	void testMultiplePatterns() throws Throwable {
 		DefaultListableBeanFactory bf = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
 		new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(bf).loadBeanDefinitions(CONTEXT);
 		// This is a CGLIB proxy, so we can proxy it to the target class
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ public class RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisorIntegrationTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSerialization() throws Throwable {
+	void testSerialization() throws Throwable {
 		DefaultListableBeanFactory bf = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
 		new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(bf).loadBeanDefinitions(CONTEXT);
 		// This is a CGLIB proxy, so we can proxy it to the target class

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/target/CommonsPool2TargetSourceProxyTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ import static org.springframework.core.testfixture.io.ResourceTestUtils.qualifie
 /**
  * @author Stephane Nicoll
  */
-public class CommonsPool2TargetSourceProxyTests {
+class CommonsPool2TargetSourceProxyTests {
 
 	private static final Resource CONTEXT =
 		qualifiedResource(CommonsPool2TargetSourceProxyTests.class, "context.xml");
 
 	@Test
-	public void testProxy() throws Exception {
+	void testProxy() {
 		DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
 		XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory);
 		reader.loadBeanDefinitions(CONTEXT);

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/target/HotSwappableTargetSourceTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2020 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ import static org.springframework.core.testfixture.io.ResourceTestUtils.qualifie
  * @author Rod Johnson
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class HotSwappableTargetSourceTests {
+class HotSwappableTargetSourceTests {
 
 	/** Initial count value set in bean factory XML */
 	private static final int INITIAL_COUNT = 10;
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public class HotSwappableTargetSourceTests {
 	 * Check it works like a normal invoker
 	 */
 	@Test
-	public void testBasicFunctionality() {
+	void testBasicFunctionality() {
 		SideEffectBean proxied = (SideEffectBean) beanFactory.getBean("swappable");
 		assertThat(proxied.getCount()).isEqualTo(INITIAL_COUNT);
 		proxied.doWork();
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ public class HotSwappableTargetSourceTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testValidSwaps() {
+	void testValidSwaps() {
 		SideEffectBean target1 = (SideEffectBean) beanFactory.getBean("target1");
 		SideEffectBean target2 = (SideEffectBean) beanFactory.getBean("target2");
 
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ public class HotSwappableTargetSourceTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testRejectsSwapToNull() {
+	void testRejectsSwapToNull() {
 		HotSwappableTargetSource swapper = (HotSwappableTargetSource) beanFactory.getBean("swapper");
 		assertThatIllegalArgumentException().as("Shouldn't be able to swap to invalid value").isThrownBy(() ->
 				swapper.swap(null))
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ public class HotSwappableTargetSourceTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSerialization() throws Exception {
+	void testSerialization() throws Exception {
 		SerializablePerson sp1 = new SerializablePerson();
 		sp1.setName("Tony");
 		SerializablePerson sp2 = new SerializablePerson();

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/target/LazyCreationTargetSourceTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
  * @author Juergen Hoeller
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class LazyCreationTargetSourceTests {
+class LazyCreationTargetSourceTests {
 
 	@Test
-	public void testCreateLazy() {
+	void testCreateLazy() {
 		TargetSource targetSource = new AbstractLazyCreationTargetSource() {
 			@Override
 			protected Object createObject() {

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/target/PrototypeBasedTargetSourceTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
  * @author Rod Johnson
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class PrototypeBasedTargetSourceTests {
+class PrototypeBasedTargetSourceTests {
 
 	@Test
-	public void testSerializability() throws Exception {
+	void testSerializability() throws Exception {
 		MutablePropertyValues tsPvs = new MutablePropertyValues();
 		tsPvs.add("targetBeanName", "person");
 		RootBeanDefinition tsBd = new RootBeanDefinition(TestTargetSource.class);
@@ -56,10 +56,8 @@ public class PrototypeBasedTargetSourceTests {
 
 		TestTargetSource cpts = (TestTargetSource) bf.getBean("ts");
 		TargetSource serialized = SerializationTestUtils.serializeAndDeserialize(cpts);
-		boolean condition = serialized instanceof SingletonTargetSource;
-		assertThat(condition).as("Changed to SingletonTargetSource on deserialization").isTrue();
-		SingletonTargetSource sts = (SingletonTargetSource) serialized;
-		assertThat(sts.getTarget()).isNotNull();
+		assertThat(serialized).isInstanceOfSatisfying(SingletonTargetSource.class,
+				sts -> assertThat(sts.getTarget()).isNotNull());
 	}
 
 
@@ -72,7 +70,7 @@ public class PrototypeBasedTargetSourceTests {
 		 * state can't prevent serialization from working
 		 */
 		@SuppressWarnings({"unused", "serial"})
-		private TestBean thisFieldIsNotSerializable = new TestBean();
+		private final TestBean thisFieldIsNotSerializable = new TestBean();
 
 		@Override
 		public Object getTarget() {

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/target/PrototypeTargetSourceTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import static org.springframework.core.testfixture.io.ResourceTestUtils.qualifie
  * @author Rod Johnson
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class PrototypeTargetSourceTests {
+class PrototypeTargetSourceTests {
 
 	/** Initial count value set in bean factory XML */
 	private static final int INITIAL_COUNT = 10;
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public class PrototypeTargetSourceTests {
 	 * With the singleton, there will be change.
 	 */
 	@Test
-	public void testPrototypeAndSingletonBehaveDifferently() {
+	void testPrototypeAndSingletonBehaveDifferently() {
 		SideEffectBean singleton = (SideEffectBean) beanFactory.getBean("singleton");
 		assertThat(singleton.getCount()).isEqualTo(INITIAL_COUNT);
 		singleton.doWork();

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/target/ThreadLocalTargetSourceTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import static org.springframework.core.testfixture.io.ResourceTestUtils.qualifie
  * @author Rod Johnson
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class ThreadLocalTargetSourceTests {
+class ThreadLocalTargetSourceTests {
 
 	/** Initial count value set in bean factory XML */
 	private static final int INITIAL_COUNT = 10;
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ public class ThreadLocalTargetSourceTests {
 	 * with one another.
 	 */
 	@Test
-	public void testUseDifferentManagedInstancesInSameThread() {
+	void testUseDifferentManagedInstancesInSameThread() {
 		SideEffectBean apartment = (SideEffectBean) beanFactory.getBean("apartment");
 		assertThat(apartment.getCount()).isEqualTo(INITIAL_COUNT);
 		apartment.doWork();
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ public class ThreadLocalTargetSourceTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testReuseInSameThread() {
+	void testReuseInSameThread() {
 		SideEffectBean apartment = (SideEffectBean) beanFactory.getBean("apartment");
 		assertThat(apartment.getCount()).isEqualTo(INITIAL_COUNT);
 		apartment.doWork();
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ public class ThreadLocalTargetSourceTests {
 	 * Relies on introduction.
 	 */
 	@Test
-	public void testCanGetStatsViaMixin() {
+	void testCanGetStatsViaMixin() {
 		ThreadLocalTargetSourceStats stats = (ThreadLocalTargetSourceStats) beanFactory.getBean("apartment");
 		// +1 because creating target for stats call counts
 		assertThat(stats.getInvocationCount()).isEqualTo(1);
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ public class ThreadLocalTargetSourceTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	public void testNewThreadHasOwnInstance() throws InterruptedException {
+	void testNewThreadHasOwnInstance() throws InterruptedException {
 		SideEffectBean apartment = (SideEffectBean) beanFactory.getBean("apartment");
 		assertThat(apartment.getCount()).isEqualTo(INITIAL_COUNT);
 		apartment.doWork();
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ public class ThreadLocalTargetSourceTests {
 	 * Test for SPR-1442. Destroyed target should re-associated with thread and not throw NPE.
 	 */
 	@Test
-	public void testReuseDestroyedTarget() {
+	void testReuseDestroyedTarget() {
 		ThreadLocalTargetSource source = (ThreadLocalTargetSource)this.beanFactory.getBean("threadLocalTs");
 
 		// try first time

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/target/dynamic/RefreshableTargetSourceTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ import static org.springframework.core.testfixture.TestGroup.LONG_RUNNING;
  * @author Rob Harrop
  * @author Chris Beams
  */
-public class RefreshableTargetSourceTests {
+class RefreshableTargetSourceTests {
 
 	/**
 	 * Test what happens when checking for refresh but not refreshing object.
 	 */
 	@Test
-	public void testRefreshCheckWithNonRefresh() throws Exception {
+	void testRefreshCheckWithNonRefresh() throws Exception {
 		CountingRefreshableTargetSource ts = new CountingRefreshableTargetSource();
 		ts.setRefreshCheckDelay(0);
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ public class RefreshableTargetSourceTests {
 	 * Test what happens when checking for refresh and refresh occurs.
 	 */
 	@Test
-	public void testRefreshCheckWithRefresh() throws Exception {
+	void testRefreshCheckWithRefresh() throws Exception {
 		CountingRefreshableTargetSource ts = new CountingRefreshableTargetSource(true);
 		ts.setRefreshCheckDelay(0);
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ public class RefreshableTargetSourceTests {
 	 * Test what happens when no refresh occurs.
 	 */
 	@Test
-	public void testWithNoRefreshCheck() throws Exception {
+	void testWithNoRefreshCheck() {
 		CountingRefreshableTargetSource ts = new CountingRefreshableTargetSource(true);
 		ts.setRefreshCheckDelay(-1);