Release v6.2.1

Closes gh-34039

.github/workflows/build-and-deploy-snapshot.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: Build and Deploy Snapshot
 on:
   push:
     branches:
-      - main
+      - 6.2.x
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
 jobs:

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 name: CI
 on:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '30 9 * * *'
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 6.2.x
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
 jobs:

.github/workflows/release-milestone.yml

@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-name: Release Milestone
-on:
-  push:
-    tags:
-      - v6.2.0-M[1-9]
-      - v6.2.0-RC[1-9]
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
-jobs:
-  build-and-stage-release:
-    if: ${{ github.repository == 'spring-projects/spring-framework' }}
-    name: Build and Stage Release
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Check Out Code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Build and Publish
-        id: build-and-publish
-        uses: ./.github/actions/build
-        with:
-          develocity-access-key: ${{ secrets.GRADLE_ENTERPRISE_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
-          publish: true
-      - name: Stage Release
-        uses: spring-io/artifactory-deploy-action@26bbe925a75f4f863e1e529e85be2d0093cac116 # v0.0.1
-        with:
-          artifact-properties: |
-            /**/framework-api-*.zip::zip.name=spring-framework,zip.deployed=false
-            /**/framework-api-*-docs.zip::zip.type=docs
-            /**/framework-api-*-schema.zip::zip.type=schema
-          build-name: ${{ format('spring-framework-{0}', steps.build-and-publish.outputs.version)}}
-          folder: 'deployment-repository'
-          password: ${{ secrets.ARTIFACTORY_PASSWORD }}
-          repository: 'libs-staging-local'
-          signing-key: ${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}
-          signing-passphrase: ${{ secrets.GPG_PASSPHRASE }}
-          uri: 'https://repo.spring.io'
-          username: ${{ secrets.ARTIFACTORY_USERNAME }}
-    outputs:
-      version: ${{ steps.build-and-publish.outputs.version }}
-  verify:
-    name: Verify
-    needs: build-and-stage-release
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/verify.yml
-    with:
-      staging: true
-      version: ${{ needs.build-and-stage-release.outputs.version }}
-    secrets:
-      google-chat-webhook-url: ${{ secrets.GOOGLE_CHAT_WEBHOOK_URL }}
-      repository-password: ${{ secrets.ARTIFACTORY_PASSWORD }}
-      repository-username: ${{ secrets.ARTIFACTORY_USERNAME }}
-      token: ${{ secrets.GH_ACTIONS_REPO_TOKEN }}
-  promote-release:
-    name: Promote Release
-    needs:
-      - build-and-stage-release
-      - verify
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Set up JFrog CLI
-        uses: jfrog/setup-jfrog-cli@9fe0f98bd45b19e6e931d457f4e98f8f84461fb5 # v4.4.1
-        env:
-          JF_ENV_SPRING: ${{ secrets.JF_ARTIFACTORY_SPRING }}
-      - name: Promote build
-        run: jfrog rt build-promote ${{ format('spring-framework-{0}', needs.build-and-stage-release.outputs.version)}} ${{ github.run_number }} libs-milestone-local
-  create-github-release:
-    name: Create GitHub Release
-    needs:
-      - build-and-stage-release
-      - promote-release
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Check Out Code
-        uses: actions/checkout@b4ffde65f46336ab88eb53be808477a3936bae11 # v4.1.1
-      - name: Create GitHub Release
-        uses: ./.github/actions/create-github-release
-        with:
-          milestone: ${{ needs.build-and-stage-release.outputs.version }}
-          pre-release: true
-          token: ${{ secrets.GH_ACTIONS_REPO_TOKEN }}

buildSrc/src/main/java/org/springframework/build/CheckstyleConventions.java

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public class CheckstyleConventions {
 			project.getPlugins().apply(CheckstylePlugin.class);
 			project.getTasks().withType(Checkstyle.class).forEach(checkstyle -> checkstyle.getMaxHeapSize().set("1g"));
 			CheckstyleExtension checkstyle = project.getExtensions().getByType(CheckstyleExtension.class);
-			checkstyle.setToolVersion("10.20.1");
+			checkstyle.setToolVersion("10.20.2");
 			checkstyle.getConfigDirectory().set(project.getRootProject().file("src/checkstyle"));
 			String version = SpringJavaFormatPlugin.class.getPackage().getImplementationVersion();
 			DependencySet checkstyleDependencies = project.getConfigurations().getByName("checkstyle").getDependencies();

framework-docs/antora-playbook.yml

@@ -36,4 +36,4 @@ runtime:
     failure_level: warn
 ui:
   bundle:
-    url: https://github.com/spring-io/antora-ui-spring/releases/download/v0.4.17/ui-bundle.zip
+    url: https://github.com/spring-io/antora-ui-spring/releases/download/v0.4.18/ui-bundle.zip

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/nav.adoc

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@
 **** xref:core/expressions/language-ref/constructors.adoc[]
 **** xref:core/expressions/language-ref/variables.adoc[]
 **** xref:core/expressions/language-ref/functions.adoc[]
+**** xref:core/expressions/language-ref/varargs.adoc[]
 **** xref:core/expressions/language-ref/bean-references.adoc[]
 **** xref:core/expressions/language-ref/operator-ternary.adoc[]
 **** xref:core/expressions/language-ref/operator-elvis.adoc[]

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/aop-api/advice.adoc

@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ arbitrary advice types. This section describes the basic concepts and standard a
 [[aop-api-advice-around]]
 === Interception Around Advice
 
-The most fundamental advice type in Spring is interception around advice.
+The most fundamental advice type in Spring is _interception around advice_.
 
-Spring is compliant with the AOP `Alliance` interface for around advice that uses method
-interception. Classes that implement `MethodInterceptor` and that implement around advice should also implement the
-following interface:
+Spring is compliant with the AOP Alliance interface for around advice that uses method
+interception. Classes that implement around advice should therefore implement the
+following `MethodInterceptor` interface from the `org.aopalliance.intercept` package:
 
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@ following interface:
 
 The `MethodInvocation` argument to the `invoke()` method exposes the method being
 invoked, the target join point, the AOP proxy, and the arguments to the method. The
-`invoke()` method should return the invocation's result: the return value of the join
-point.
+`invoke()` method should return the invocation's result: typically the return value of
+the join point.
 
 The following example shows a simple `MethodInterceptor` implementation:
 
@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ Java::
 
 		public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
 			System.out.println("Before: invocation=[" + invocation + "]");
-			Object rval = invocation.proceed();
+			Object result = invocation.proceed();
 			System.out.println("Invocation returned");
-			return rval;
+			return result;
 		}
 	}
 ----
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ Kotlin::
 
 		override fun invoke(invocation: MethodInvocation): Any {
 			println("Before: invocation=[$invocation]")
-			val rval = invocation.proceed()
+			val result = invocation.proceed()
 			println("Invocation returned")
-			return rval
+			return result
 		}
 	}
 ----
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ currently define pointcut interfaces.
 [[aop-api-advice-before]]
 === Before Advice
 
-A simpler advice type is a before advice. This does not need a `MethodInvocation`
+A simpler advice type is a _before advice_. This does not need a `MethodInvocation`
 object, since it is called only before entering the method.
 
 The main advantage of a before advice is that there is no need to invoke the `proceed()`
@@ -122,10 +122,6 @@ The following listing shows the `MethodBeforeAdvice` interface:
 	}
 ----
 
-(Spring's API design would allow for
-field before advice, although the usual objects apply to field interception and it is
-unlikely for Spring to ever implement it.)
-
 Note that the return type is `void`. Before advice can insert custom behavior before the join
 point runs but cannot change the return value. If a before advice throws an
 exception, it stops further execution of the interceptor chain. The exception
@@ -176,10 +172,10 @@ TIP: Before advice can be used with any pointcut.
 [[aop-api-advice-throws]]
 === Throws Advice
 
-Throws advice is invoked after the return of the join point if the join point threw
+_Throws advice_ is invoked after the return of the join point if the join point threw
 an exception. Spring offers typed throws advice. Note that this means that the
 `org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice` interface does not contain any methods. It is a
-tag interface identifying that the given object implements one or more typed throws
+marker interface identifying that the given object implements one or more typed throws
 advice methods. These should be in the following form:
 
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
@@ -189,9 +185,10 @@ advice methods. These should be in the following form:
 
 Only the last argument is required. The method signatures may have either one or four
 arguments, depending on whether the advice method is interested in the method and
-arguments. The next two listing show classes that are examples of throws advice.
+arguments. The next two listings show classes that are examples of throws advice.
 
-The following advice is invoked if a `RemoteException` is thrown (including from subclasses):
+The following advice is invoked if a `RemoteException` is thrown (including subclasses of
+`RemoteException`):
 
 [tabs]
 ======
@@ -220,9 +217,9 @@ Kotlin::
 ----
 ======
 
-Unlike the preceding
-advice, the next example declares four arguments, so that it has access to the invoked method, method
-arguments, and target object. The following advice is invoked if a `ServletException` is thrown:
+Unlike the preceding advice, the next example declares four arguments, so that it has
+access to the invoked method, method arguments, and target object. The following advice
+is invoked if a `ServletException` is thrown:
 
 [tabs]
 ======
@@ -304,7 +301,7 @@ TIP: Throws advice can be used with any pointcut.
 [[aop-api-advice-after-returning]]
 === After Returning Advice
 
-An after returning advice in Spring must implement the
+An _after returning advice_ in Spring must implement the
 `org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice` interface, which the following listing shows:
 
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
@@ -368,7 +365,7 @@ TIP: After returning advice can be used with any pointcut.
 [[aop-api-advice-introduction]]
 === Introduction Advice
 
-Spring treats introduction advice as a special kind of interception advice.
+Spring treats _introduction advice_ as a special kind of interception advice.
 
 Introduction requires an `IntroductionAdvisor` and an `IntroductionInterceptor` that
 implement the following interface:

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/expressions/language-ref/constructors.adoc

@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@
 
 You can invoke constructors by using the `new` operator. You should use the fully
 qualified class name for all types except those located in the `java.lang` package
-(`Integer`, `Float`, `String`, and so on). The following example shows how to use the
-`new` operator to invoke constructors:
+(`Integer`, `Float`, `String`, and so on).
+xref:core/expressions/language-ref/varargs.adoc[Varargs] are also supported.
+
+The following example shows how to use the `new` operator to invoke constructors.
 
 [tabs]
 ======
@@ -12,30 +14,29 @@ Java::
 +
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
-	Inventor einstein = p.parseExpression(
-			"new org.spring.samples.spel.inventor.Inventor('Albert Einstein', 'German')")
+	Inventor einstein = parser.parseExpression(
+		"new org.spring.samples.spel.inventor.Inventor('Albert Einstein', 'German')")
 			.getValue(Inventor.class);
 
 	// create new Inventor instance within the add() method of List
-	p.parseExpression(
-			"Members.add(new org.spring.samples.spel.inventor.Inventor(
-				'Albert Einstein', 'German'))").getValue(societyContext);
+	parser.parseExpression(
+		"Members.add(new org.spring.samples.spel.inventor.Inventor('Albert Einstein', 'German'))")
+			.getValue(societyContext);
 ----
 
 Kotlin::
 +
 [source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
-	val einstein = p.parseExpression(
-			"new org.spring.samples.spel.inventor.Inventor('Albert Einstein', 'German')")
+	val einstein = parser.parseExpression(
+		"new org.spring.samples.spel.inventor.Inventor('Albert Einstein', 'German')")
 			.getValue(Inventor::class.java)
 
 	// create new Inventor instance within the add() method of List
-	p.parseExpression(
-			"Members.add(new org.spring.samples.spel.inventor.Inventor('Albert Einstein', 'German'))")
+	parser.parseExpression(
+		"Members.add(new org.spring.samples.spel.inventor.Inventor('Albert Einstein', 'German'))")
 			.getValue(societyContext)
 ----
 ======
 
 
-

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/expressions/language-ref/functions.adoc

@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 = Functions
 
 You can extend SpEL by registering user-defined functions that can be called within
-expressions by using the `#functionName(...)` syntax. Functions can be registered as
-variables in `EvaluationContext` implementations via the `setVariable()` method.
+expressions by using the `#functionName(...)` syntax, and like with standard method
+invocations, xref:core/expressions/language-ref/varargs.adoc[varargs] are also supported
+for function invocations.
+
+Functions can be registered as _variables_ in `EvaluationContext` implementations via the
+`setVariable()` method.
 
 [TIP]
 ====
@@ -110,8 +114,9 @@ potentially more efficient use cases if the `MethodHandle` target and parameters
 been fully bound prior to registration; however, partially bound handles are also
 supported.
 
-Consider the `String#formatted(String, Object...)` instance method, which produces a
-message according to a template and a variable number of arguments.
+Consider the `String#formatted(Object...)` instance method, which produces a message
+according to a template and a variable number of arguments
+(xref:core/expressions/language-ref/varargs.adoc[varargs]).
 
 You can register and use the `formatted` method as a `MethodHandle`, as the following
 example shows:
@@ -151,10 +156,10 @@ Kotlin::
 ----
 ======
 
-As hinted above, binding a `MethodHandle` and registering the bound `MethodHandle` is also
-supported. This is likely to be more performant if both the target and all the arguments
-are bound. In that case no arguments are necessary in the SpEL expression, as the
-following example shows:
+As mentioned above, binding a `MethodHandle` and registering the bound `MethodHandle` is
+also supported. This is likely to be more performant if both the target and all the
+arguments are bound. In that case no arguments are necessary in the SpEL expression, as
+the following example shows:
 
 [tabs]
 ======
@@ -168,9 +173,10 @@ Java::
 	String template = "This is a %s message with %s words: <%s>";
 	Object varargs = new Object[] { "prerecorded", 3, "Oh Hello World!", "ignored" };
 	MethodHandle mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual(String.class, "formatted",
-			MethodType.methodType(String.class, Object[].class))
+		MethodType.methodType(String.class, Object[].class))
 			.bindTo(template)
-			.bindTo(varargs); //here we have to provide arguments in a single array binding
+			// Here we have to provide the arguments in a single array binding:
+			.bindTo(varargs);
 	context.setVariable("message", mh);
 
 	// evaluates to "This is a prerecorded message with 3 words: <Oh Hello World!>"
@@ -189,9 +195,10 @@ Kotlin::
 	val varargs = arrayOf("prerecorded", 3, "Oh Hello World!", "ignored")
 
 	val mh = MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual(String::class.java, "formatted",
-			MethodType.methodType(String::class.java, Array<Any>::class.java))
+		MethodType.methodType(String::class.java, Array<Any>::class.java))
 			.bindTo(template)
-			.bindTo(varargs) //here we have to provide arguments in a single array binding
+			// Here we have to provide the arguments in a single array binding:
+			.bindTo(varargs)
 	context.setVariable("message", mh)
 
 	// evaluates to "This is a prerecorded message with 3 words: <Oh Hello World!>"
@@ -201,4 +208,3 @@ Kotlin::
 ======
 
 
-

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/expressions/language-ref/methods.adoc

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 [[expressions-methods]]
 = Methods
 
-You can invoke methods by using typical Java programming syntax. You can also invoke methods
-on literals. Variable arguments are also supported. The following examples show how to
-invoke methods:
+You can invoke methods by using the typical Java programming syntax. You can also invoke
+methods directly on literals such as strings or numbers.
+xref:core/expressions/language-ref/varargs.adoc[Varargs] are supported as well.
+
+The following examples show how to invoke methods.
 
 [tabs]
 ======

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/expressions/language-ref/varargs.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+[[expressions-varargs]]
+= Varargs Invocations
+
+The Spring Expression Language supports
+https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/language/varargs.html[varargs]
+invocations for xref:core/expressions/language-ref/constructors.adoc[constructors],
+xref:core/expressions/language-ref/methods.adoc[methods], and user-defined
+xref:core/expressions/language-ref/functions.adoc[functions].
+
+The following example shows how to invoke the `java.lang.String#formatted(Object...)`
+_varargs_ method within an expression by supplying the variable argument list as separate
+arguments (`'blue', 1`).
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
+----
+	// evaluates to "blue is color #1"
+	String expression = "'%s is color #%d'.formatted('blue', 1)";
+	String message = parser.parseExpression(expression).getValue(String.class);
+----
+
+Kotlin::
++
+[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
+----
+	// evaluates to "blue is color #1"
+	val expression = "'%s is color #%d'.formatted('blue', 1)"
+	val message = parser.parseExpression(expression).getValue(String::class.java)
+----
+======
+
+A variable argument list can also be supplied as an array, as demonstrated in the
+following example (`new Object[] {'blue', 1}`).
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
+----
+	// evaluates to "blue is color #1"
+	String expression = "'%s is color #%d'.formatted(new Object[] {'blue', 1})";
+	String message = parser.parseExpression(expression).getValue(String.class);
+----
+
+Kotlin::
++
+[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
+----
+	// evaluates to "blue is color #1"
+	val expression = "'%s is color #%d'.formatted(new Object[] {'blue', 1})"
+	val message = parser.parseExpression(expression).getValue(String::class.java)
+----
+======
+
+As an alternative, a variable argument list can be supplied as a `java.util.List` – for
+example, as an xref:core/expressions/language-ref/inline-lists.adoc[inline list]
+(`{'blue', 1}`). The following example shows how to do that.
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
+----
+	// evaluates to "blue is color #1"
+	String expression = "'%s is color #%d'.formatted({'blue', 1})";
+	String message = parser.parseExpression(expression).getValue(String.class);
+----
+
+Kotlin::
++
+[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
+----
+	// evaluates to "blue is color #1"
+	val expression = "'%s is color #%d'.formatted({'blue', 1})"
+	val message = parser.parseExpression(expression).getValue(String::class.java)
+----
+======
+
+[[expressions-varargs-type-conversion]]
+== Varargs Type Conversion
+
+In contrast to the standard support for varargs invocations in Java,
+xref:core/expressions/evaluation.adoc#expressions-type-conversion[type conversion] may be
+applied to the individual arguments when invoking varargs constructors, methods, or
+functions in SpEL.
+
+For example, if we have registered a custom
+xref:core/expressions/language-ref/functions.adoc[function] in the `EvaluationContext`
+under the name `#reverseStrings` for a method with the signature
+`String reverseStrings(String... strings)`, we can invoke that function within a SpEL
+expression with any argument that can be converted to a `String`, as demonstrated in the
+following example.
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
+----
+	// evaluates to "3.0, 2.0, 1, SpEL"
+	String expression = "#reverseStrings('SpEL', 1, 10F / 5, 3.0000)";
+	String message = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+			.getValue(evaluationContext, String.class);
+----
+
+Kotlin::
++
+[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
+----
+	// evaluates to "3.0, 2.0, 1, SpEL"
+	val expression = "#reverseStrings('SpEL', 1, 10F / 5, 3.0000)"
+	val message = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+			.getValue(evaluationContext, String::class.java)
+----
+======
+
+Similarly, any array whose component type is a subtype of the required varargs type can
+be supplied as the variable argument list for a varargs invocation. For example, a
+`String[]` array can be supplied to a varargs invocation that accepts an `Object...`
+argument list.
+
+The following listing demonstrates that we can supply a `String[]` array to the
+`java.lang.String#formatted(Object...)` _varargs_ method. It also highlights that `1`
+will be automatically converted to `"1"`.
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
+----
+	// evaluates to "blue is color #1"
+	String expression = "'%s is color #%s'.formatted(new String[] {'blue', 1})";
+	String message = parser.parseExpression(expression).getValue(String.class);
+----
+
+Kotlin::
++
+[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
+----
+	// evaluates to "blue is color #1"
+	val expression = "'%s is color #%s'.formatted(new String[] {'blue', 1})"
+	val message = parser.parseExpression(expression).getValue(String::class.java)
+----
+======
+

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/integration/jms.adoc

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ the same way as Spring's integration does for the JDBC API.
 
 JMS can be roughly divided into two areas of functionality, namely the production and
 consumption of messages. The `JmsTemplate` class is used for message production and
-synchronous message reception. For asynchronous reception similar to Jakarta EE's
+synchronous message receipt. For asynchronous receipt similar to Jakarta EE's
 message-driven bean style, Spring provides a number of message-listener containers that
 you can use to create Message-Driven POJOs (MDPs). Spring also provides a declarative way
 to create message listeners.

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/integration/jms/receiving.adoc

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ This describes how to receive messages with JMS in Spring.
 
 
 [[jms-receiving-sync]]
-== Synchronous Reception
+== Synchronous Receipt
 
 While JMS is typically associated with asynchronous processing, you can
 consume messages synchronously. The overloaded `receive(..)` methods provide this
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ the receiver should wait before giving up waiting for a message.
 
 
 [[jms-receiving-async]]
-== Asynchronous reception: Message-Driven POJOs
+== Asynchronous Receipt: Message-Driven POJOs
 
 NOTE: Spring also supports annotated-listener endpoints through the use of the `@JmsListener`
-annotation and provides an open infrastructure to register endpoints programmatically.
-This is, by far, the most convenient way to setup an asynchronous receiver.
+annotation and provides open infrastructure to register endpoints programmatically.
+This is, by far, the most convenient way to set up an asynchronous receiver.
 See xref:integration/jms/annotated.adoc#jms-annotated-support[Enable Listener Endpoint Annotations] for more details.
 
 In a fashion similar to a Message-Driven Bean (MDB) in the EJB world, the Message-Driven
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ listener container.
 
 You can activate local resource transactions through the `sessionTransacted` flag
 on the listener container definition. Each message listener invocation then operates
-within an active JMS transaction, with message reception rolled back in case of listener
+within an active JMS transaction, with message receipt rolled back in case of listener
 execution failure. Sending a response message (through `SessionAwareMessageListener`) is
 part of the same local transaction, but any other resource operations (such as
 database access) operate independently. This usually requires duplicate message
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ To configure a message listener container for XA transaction participation, you
 to configure a `JtaTransactionManager` (which, by default, delegates to the Jakarta EE
 server's transaction subsystem). Note that the underlying JMS `ConnectionFactory` needs to
 be XA-capable and properly registered with your JTA transaction coordinator. (Check your
-Jakarta EE server's configuration of JNDI resources.) This lets message reception as well
+Jakarta EE server's configuration of JNDI resources.) This lets message receipt as well
 as (for example) database access be part of the same transaction (with unified commit
 semantics, at the expense of XA transaction log overhead).
 

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/integration/jms/using.adoc

@@ -167,13 +167,15 @@ operations that do not refer to a specific destination.
 
 One of the most common uses of JMS messages in the EJB world is to drive message-driven
 beans (MDBs). Spring offers a solution to create message-driven POJOs (MDPs) in a way
-that does not tie a user to an EJB container. (See xref:integration/jms/receiving.adoc#jms-receiving-async[Asynchronous reception: Message-Driven POJOs] for detailed
-coverage of Spring's MDP support.) Since Spring Framework 4.1, endpoint methods can be
-annotated with `@JmsListener` -- see xref:integration/jms/annotated.adoc[Annotation-driven Listener Endpoints] for more details.
+that does not tie a user to an EJB container. (See
+xref:integration/jms/receiving.adoc#jms-receiving-async[Asynchronous Receipt: Message-Driven POJOs]
+for detailed coverage of Spring's MDP support.) Endpoint methods can be annotated with
+`@JmsListener` -- see xref:integration/jms/annotated.adoc[Annotation-driven Listener Endpoints]
+for more details.
 
 A message listener container is used to receive messages from a JMS message queue and
 drive the `MessageListener` that is injected into it. The listener container is
-responsible for all threading of message reception and dispatches into the listener for
+responsible for all threading of message receipt and dispatches into the listener for
 processing. A message listener container is the intermediary between an MDP and a
 messaging provider and takes care of registering to receive messages, participating in
 transactions, resource acquisition and release, exception conversion, and so on. This
@@ -227,7 +229,7 @@ the JMS provider, advanced functionality (such as participation in externally ma
 transactions), and compatibility with Jakarta EE environments.
 
 You can customize the cache level of the container. Note that, when no caching is enabled,
-a new connection and a new session is created for each message reception. Combining this
+a new connection and a new session is created for each message receipt. Combining this
 with a non-durable subscription with high loads may lead to message loss. Make sure to
 use a proper cache level in such a case.
 
@@ -246,7 +248,7 @@ in the form of a business entity existence check or a protocol table check.
 Any such arrangements are significantly more efficient than the alternative:
 wrapping your entire processing with an XA transaction (through configuring your
 `DefaultMessageListenerContainer` with an `JtaTransactionManager`) to cover the
-reception of the JMS message as well as the execution of the business logic in your
+receipt of the JMS message as well as the execution of the business logic in your
 message listener (including database operations, etc.).
 
 IMPORTANT: The default `AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE` mode does not provide proper reliability guarantees.

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/integration/observability.adoc

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ As outlined xref:integration/observability.adoc[at the beginning of this section
 |Processing time for an execution of a `@Scheduled` task
 |===
 
-NOTE: Observations are using Micrometer's official naming convention, but Metrics names will be automatically converted
+NOTE: Observations use Micrometer's official naming convention, but Metrics names will be automatically converted
 {micrometer-docs}/concepts/naming.html[to the format preferred by the monitoring system backend]
 (Prometheus, Atlas, Graphite, InfluxDB...).
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ This can be done by declaring a `SchedulingConfigurer` bean that sets the observ
 
 include-code::./ObservationSchedulingConfigurer[]
 
-It is using the `org.springframework.scheduling.support.DefaultScheduledTaskObservationConvention` by default, backed by the `ScheduledTaskObservationContext`.
+It uses the `org.springframework.scheduling.support.DefaultScheduledTaskObservationConvention` by default, backed by the `ScheduledTaskObservationContext`.
 You can configure a custom implementation on the `ObservationRegistry` directly.
 During the execution of the scheduled method, the current observation is restored in the `ThreadLocal` context or the Reactor context (if the scheduled method returns a `Mono` or `Flux` type).
 
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ By default, the following `KeyValues` are created:
 [cols="a,a"]
 |===
 |Name | Description
-|`code.function` _(required)_|Name of Java `Method` that is scheduled for execution.
+|`code.function` _(required)_|Name of the Java `Method` that is scheduled for execution.
 |`code.namespace` _(required)_|Canonical name of the class of the bean instance that holds the scheduled method, or `"ANONYMOUS"` for anonymous classes.
 |`error` _(required)_|Class name of the exception thrown during the execution, or `"none"` if no exception happened.
 |`exception` _(deprecated)_|Duplicates the `error` key and might be removed in the future.
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ This instrumentation will create 2 types of observations:
 * `"jms.message.publish"` when a JMS message is sent to the broker, typically with `JmsTemplate`.
 * `"jms.message.process"` when a JMS message is processed by the application, typically with a `MessageListener` or a `@JmsListener` annotated method.
 
-NOTE: currently there is no instrumentation for `"jms.message.receive"` observations as there is little value in measuring the time spent waiting for the reception of a message.
+NOTE: Currently there is no instrumentation for `"jms.message.receive"` observations as there is little value in measuring the time spent waiting for the receipt of a message.
 Such an integration would typically instrument `MessageConsumer#receive` method calls. But once those return, the processing time is not measured and the trace scope cannot be propagated to the application.
 
 By default, both observations share the same set of possible `KeyValues`:
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ By default, both observations share the same set of possible `KeyValues`:
 |`error` |Class name of the exception thrown during the messaging operation (or "none").
 |`exception` _(deprecated)_|Duplicates the `error` key and might be removed in the future.
 |`messaging.destination.temporary` _(required)_|Whether the destination is a `TemporaryQueue` or `TemporaryTopic` (values: `"true"` or `"false"`).
-|`messaging.operation` _(required)_|Name of JMS operation being performed (values: `"publish"` or `"process"`).
+|`messaging.operation` _(required)_|Name of the JMS operation being performed (values: `"publish"` or `"process"`).
 |===
 
 .High cardinality Keys
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ By default, both observations share the same set of possible `KeyValues`:
 |===
 |Name | Description
 |`messaging.message.conversation_id` |The correlation ID of the JMS message.
-|`messaging.destination.name` |The name of destination the current message was sent to.
+|`messaging.destination.name` |The name of the destination the current message was sent to.
 |`messaging.message.id` |Value used by the messaging system as an identifier for the message.
 |===
 
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ By default, the following `KeyValues` are created:
 |Name | Description
 |`error` _(required)_|Class name of the exception thrown during the exchange, or `"none"` if no exception happened.
 |`exception` _(deprecated)_|Duplicates the `error` key and might be removed in the future.
-|`method` _(required)_|Name of HTTP request method or `"none"` if not a well-known method.
+|`method` _(required)_|Name of the HTTP request method or `"none"` if not a well-known method.
 |`outcome` _(required)_|Outcome of the HTTP server exchange.
 |`status` _(required)_|HTTP response raw status code, or `"UNKNOWN"` if no response was created.
 |`uri` _(required)_|URI pattern for the matching handler if available, falling back to `REDIRECTION` for 3xx responses, `NOT_FOUND` for 404 responses, `root` for requests with no path info, and `UNKNOWN` for all other requests.
@@ -235,10 +235,10 @@ This can be done on the `WebHttpHandlerBuilder`, as follows:
 
 include-code::./HttpHandlerConfiguration[]
 
-It is using the `org.springframework.http.server.reactive.observation.DefaultServerRequestObservationConvention` by default, backed by the `ServerRequestObservationContext`.
+It uses the `org.springframework.http.server.reactive.observation.DefaultServerRequestObservationConvention` by default, backed by the `ServerRequestObservationContext`.
 
 This will only record an observation as an error if the `Exception` has not been handled by an application Controller.
-Typically, all exceptions handled by Spring WebFlux's `@ExceptionHandler` and <<web.adoc#webflux-ann-rest-exceptions,`ProblemDetail` support>> will not be recorded with the observation.
+Typically, all exceptions handled by Spring WebFlux's `@ExceptionHandler` and xref:web/webflux/ann-rest-exceptions.adoc[`ProblemDetail` support] will not be recorded with the observation.
 You can, at any point during request processing, set the error field on the `ObservationContext` yourself:
 
 include-code::./UserController[]
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ By default, the following `KeyValues` are created:
 |Name | Description
 |`error` _(required)_|Class name of the exception thrown during the exchange, or `"none"` if no exception happened.
 |`exception` _(deprecated)_|Duplicates the `error` key and might be removed in the future.
-|`method` _(required)_|Name of HTTP request method or `"none"` if not a well-known method.
+|`method` _(required)_|Name of the HTTP request method or `"none"` if not a well-known method.
 |`outcome` _(required)_|Outcome of the HTTP server exchange.
 |`status` _(required)_|HTTP response raw status code, or `"UNKNOWN"` if no response was created.
 |`uri` _(required)_|URI pattern for the matching handler if available, falling back to `REDIRECTION` for 3xx responses, `NOT_FOUND` for 404 responses, `root` for requests with no path info, and `UNKNOWN` for all other requests.
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ Instrumentation uses the `org.springframework.http.client.observation.ClientRequ
 [cols="a,a"]
 |===
 |Name | Description
-|`method` _(required)_|Name of HTTP request method or `"none"` if not a well-known method.
+|`method` _(required)_|Name of the HTTP request method or `"none"` if not a well-known method.
 |`uri` _(required)_|URI template used for HTTP request, or `"none"` if none was provided. Only the path part of the URI is considered.
 |`client.name` _(required)_|Client name derived from the request URI host.
 |`status` _(required)_|HTTP response raw status code, or `"IO_ERROR"` in case of `IOException`, or `"CLIENT_ERROR"` if no response was received.
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ Instrumentation uses the `org.springframework.http.client.observation.ClientRequ
 [cols="a,a"]
 |===
 |Name | Description
-|`method` _(required)_|Name of HTTP request method or `"none"` if the request could not be created.
+|`method` _(required)_|Name of the HTTP request method or `"none"` if the request could not be created.
 |`uri` _(required)_|URI template used for HTTP request, or `"none"` if none was provided. Only the path part of the URI is considered.
 |`client.name` _(required)_|Client name derived from the request URI host.
 |`status` _(required)_|HTTP response raw status code, or `"IO_ERROR"` in case of `IOException`, or `"CLIENT_ERROR"` if no response was received.
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ Instrumentation uses the `org.springframework.http.client.observation.ClientRequ
 [[observability.http-client.webclient]]
 === WebClient
 
-Applications must configure an `ObservationRegistry` on the `WebClient` builder to enable the instrumentation; without that, observations are "no-ops".
+Applications must configure an `ObservationRegistry` on the `WebClient.Builder` to enable the instrumentation; without that, observations are "no-ops".
 Spring Boot will auto-configure `WebClient.Builder` beans with the observation registry already set.
 
 Instrumentation uses the `org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.ClientRequestObservationConvention` by default, backed by the `ClientRequestObservationContext`.
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ Instrumentation uses the `org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.Clien
 [cols="a,a"]
 |===
 |Name | Description
-|`method` _(required)_|Name of HTTP request method or `"none"` if not a well-known method.
+|`method` _(required)_|Name of the HTTP request method or `"none"` if not a well-known method.
 |`uri` _(required)_|URI template used for HTTP request, or `"none"` if none was provided. Only the path part of the URI is considered.
 |`client.name` _(required)_|Client name derived from the request URI host.
 |`status` _(required)_|HTTP response raw status code, or `"IO_ERROR"` in case of `IOException`, or `"CLIENT_ERROR"` if no response was received.

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/testing/annotations/integration-spring/annotation-mockitobean.adoc

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 [[spring-testing-annotation-beanoverriding-mockitobean]]
 = `@MockitoBean` and `@MockitoSpyBean`
 
-`@MockitoBean` and `@MockitoSpyBean` are used on fields in test classes to override beans
-in the test's `ApplicationContext` with a Mockito _mock_ or _spy_, respectively. In the
-latter case, an early instance of the original bean is captured and wrapped by the spy.
+`@MockitoBean` and `@MockitoSpyBean` are used on non-static fields in test classes to
+override beans in the test's `ApplicationContext` with a Mockito _mock_ or _spy_,
+respectively. In the latter case, an early instance of the original bean is captured and
+wrapped by the spy.
 
 By default, the annotated field's type is used to search for candidate beans to override.
 If multiple candidates match, `@Qualifier` can be provided to narrow the candidate to
@@ -51,6 +52,15 @@ When using `@MockitoSpyBean` to create a spy for a `FactoryBean`, a spy will be
 for the object created by the `FactoryBean`, not for the `FactoryBean` itself.
 ====
 
+[NOTE]
+====
+There are no restrictions on the visibility of `@MockitoBean` and `@MockitoSpyBean`
+fields.
+
+Such fields can therefore be `public`, `protected`, package-private (default visibility),
+or `private` depending on the needs or coding practices of the project.
+====
+
 The following example shows how to use the default behavior of the `@MockitoBean` annotation:
 
 [tabs]
@@ -61,7 +71,7 @@ Java::
 ----
 	class OverrideBeanTests {
 		@MockitoBean // <1>
-		private CustomService customService;
+		CustomService customService;
 
 		// test case body...
 	}
@@ -85,7 +95,7 @@ Java::
 ----
 	class OverrideBeanTests {
 		@MockitoBean("service") // <1>
-		private CustomService customService;
+		CustomService customService;
 
 		// test case body...
 
@@ -106,7 +116,7 @@ Java::
 ----
 	class OverrideBeanTests {
 		@MockitoSpyBean // <1>
-		private CustomService customService;
+		CustomService customService;
 
 		// test case body...
 	}
@@ -129,7 +139,7 @@ Java::
 ----
 	class OverrideBeanTests {
 		@MockitoSpyBean("service") // <1>
-		private CustomService customService;
+		CustomService customService;
 
 		// test case body...
 

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/testing/annotations/integration-spring/annotation-testbean.adoc

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 [[spring-testing-annotation-beanoverriding-testbean]]
 = `@TestBean`
 
-`@TestBean` is used on a field in a test class to override a specific bean in the test's
-`ApplicationContext` with an instance provided by a factory method.
+`@TestBean` is used on a non-static field in a test class to override a specific bean in
+the test's `ApplicationContext` with an instance provided by a factory method.
 
 The associated factory method name is derived from the annotated field's name, or the
 bean name if specified. The factory method must be `static`, accept no arguments, and
@@ -30,6 +30,14 @@ same bean in several tests, make sure to name the field consistently to avoid cr
 unnecessary contexts.
 ====
 
+[NOTE]
+====
+There are no restrictions on the visibility of `@TestBean` fields or factory methods.
+
+Such fields and methods can therefore be `public`, `protected`, package-private (default
+visibility), or `private` depending on the needs or coding practices of the project.
+====
+
 The following example shows how to use the default behavior of the `@TestBean` annotation:
 
 [tabs]
@@ -40,11 +48,11 @@ Java::
 ----
 	class OverrideBeanTests {
 		@TestBean // <1>
-		private CustomService customService;
+		CustomService customService;
 
 		// test case body...
 
-		private static CustomService customService() { // <2>
+		static CustomService customService() { // <2>
 			return new MyFakeCustomService();
 		}
 	}
@@ -68,11 +76,11 @@ Java::
 ----
 	class OverrideBeanTests {
 		@TestBean(name = "service", methodName = "createCustomService") // <1>
-		private CustomService customService;
+		CustomService customService;
 
 		// test case body...
 
-		private static CustomService createCustomService() { // <2>
+		static CustomService createCustomService() { // <2>
 			return new MyFakeCustomService();
 		}
 	}

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/testing/testcontext-framework/bean-overriding.adoc

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 = Bean Overriding in Tests
 
 Bean overriding in tests refers to the ability to override specific beans in the
-`ApplicationContext` for a test class, by annotating one or more fields in the test class.
+`ApplicationContext` for a test class, by annotating one or more non-static fields in the
+test class.
 
 NOTE: This feature is intended as a less risky alternative to the practice of registering
 a bean via `@Bean` with the `DefaultListableBeanFactory`
@@ -41,9 +42,10 @@ The `spring-test` module registers implementations of the latter two
 {spring-framework-code}/spring-test/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factories[`META-INF/spring.factories`
 properties file].
 
-The bean overriding infrastructure searches in test classes for any field meta-annotated
-with `@BeanOverride` and instantiates the corresponding `BeanOverrideProcessor` which is
-responsible for creating an appropriate `BeanOverrideHandler`.
+The bean overriding infrastructure searches in test classes for any non-static field that
+is meta-annotated with `@BeanOverride` and instantiates the corresponding
+`BeanOverrideProcessor` which is responsible for creating an appropriate
+`BeanOverrideHandler`.
 
 The internal `BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor` then uses bean override handlers to
 alter the test's `ApplicationContext` by creating, replacing, or wrapping beans as

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/testing/webtestclient.adoc

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ Kotlin::
 ======
 
 For Spring MVC, use the following where the Spring `ApplicationContext` is passed to
-{spring-framework-api}/test/web/servlet/setup/MockMvcBuilders.html#webAppContextSetup-org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext-[MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup]
+{spring-framework-api}/test/web/servlet/setup/MockMvcBuilders.html#webAppContextSetup(org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext)[MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup]
 to create a xref:testing/mockmvc.adoc[MockMvc] instance to handle
 requests:
 

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webmvc/filters.adoc

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ available through the `ServletRequest.getParameter{asterisk}()` family of method
 
 
 
-[[forwarded-headers]]
+[[filters-forwarded-headers]]
 == Forwarded Headers
 [.small]#xref:web/webflux/reactive-spring.adoc#webflux-forwarded-headers[See equivalent in the Reactive stack]#
 

framework-platform/framework-platform.gradle

@@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ javaPlatform {
 }
 
 dependencies {
-	api(platform("com.fasterxml.jackson:jackson-bom:2.18.1"))
-	api(platform("io.micrometer:micrometer-bom:1.14.0"))
+	api(platform("com.fasterxml.jackson:jackson-bom:2.18.2"))
+	api(platform("io.micrometer:micrometer-bom:1.14.2"))
 	api(platform("io.netty:netty-bom:4.1.115.Final"))
 	api(platform("io.netty:netty5-bom:5.0.0.Alpha5"))
-	api(platform("io.projectreactor:reactor-bom:2024.0.0"))
+	api(platform("io.projectreactor:reactor-bom:2024.0.1"))
 	api(platform("io.rsocket:rsocket-bom:1.1.4"))
 	api(platform("org.apache.groovy:groovy-bom:4.0.24"))
 	api(platform("org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-bom:2.21.1"))
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ dependencies {
 		api("io.r2dbc:r2dbc-h2:1.0.0.RELEASE")
 		api("io.r2dbc:r2dbc-spi-test:1.0.0.RELEASE")
 		api("io.r2dbc:r2dbc-spi:1.0.0.RELEASE")
-		api("io.reactivex.rxjava3:rxjava:3.1.9")
+		api("io.reactivex.rxjava3:rxjava:3.1.10")
 		api("io.smallrye.reactive:mutiny:1.10.0")
 		api("io.undertow:undertow-core:2.3.18.Final")
-		api("io.undertow:undertow-servlet:2.3.17.Final")
-		api("io.undertow:undertow-websockets-jsr:2.3.17.Final")
+		api("io.undertow:undertow-servlet:2.3.18.Final")
+		api("io.undertow:undertow-websockets-jsr:2.3.18.Final")
 		api("io.vavr:vavr:0.10.4")
 		api("jakarta.activation:jakarta.activation-api:2.0.1")
 		api("jakarta.annotation:jakarta.annotation-api:2.0.0")

gradle.properties

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-version=6.2.0-SNAPSHOT
+version=6.2.1
 
 org.gradle.caching=true
 org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx2048m

gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 distributionPath=wrapper/dists
-distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.10.2-bin.zip
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.11.1-bin.zip
 networkTimeout=10000
 validateDistributionUrl=true
 zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/ThrowsAdvice.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2008 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -27,11 +27,11 @@ package org.springframework.aop;
  * <p>Some examples of valid methods would be:
  *
  * <pre class="code">public void afterThrowing(Exception ex)</pre>
- * <pre class="code">public void afterThrowing(RemoteException)</pre>
+ * <pre class="code">public void afterThrowing(RemoteException ex)</pre>
  * <pre class="code">public void afterThrowing(Method method, Object[] args, Object target, Exception ex)</pre>
  * <pre class="code">public void afterThrowing(Method method, Object[] args, Object target, ServletException ex)</pre>
  *
- * The first three arguments are optional, and only useful if we want further
+ * <p>The first three arguments are optional, and only useful if we want further
  * information about the joinpoint, as in AspectJ <b>after-throwing</b> advice.
  *
  * <p><b>Note:</b> If a throws-advice method throws an exception itself, it will

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/framework/AdvisedSupport.java

@@ -668,7 +668,8 @@ public class AdvisedSupport extends ProxyConfig implements Advised {
 
 		@Override
 		public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
-			return (this == other || (other instanceof MethodCacheKey that && this.method == that.method));
+			return (this == other || (other instanceof MethodCacheKey that &&
+					(this.method == that.method || this.method.equals(that.method))));
 		}
 
 		@Override

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/framework/DefaultAopProxyFactory.java

@@ -60,11 +60,12 @@ public class DefaultAopProxyFactory implements AopProxyFactory, Serializable {
 	public AopProxy createAopProxy(AdvisedSupport config) throws AopConfigException {
 		if (config.isOptimize() || config.isProxyTargetClass() || !config.hasUserSuppliedInterfaces()) {
 			Class<?> targetClass = config.getTargetClass();
-			if (targetClass == null) {
+			if (targetClass == null && config.getProxiedInterfaces().length == 0) {
 				throw new AopConfigException("TargetSource cannot determine target class: " +
 						"Either an interface or a target is required for proxy creation.");
 			}
-			if (targetClass.isInterface() || Proxy.isProxyClass(targetClass) || ClassUtils.isLambdaClass(targetClass)) {
+			if (targetClass == null || targetClass.isInterface() ||
+					Proxy.isProxyClass(targetClass) || ClassUtils.isLambdaClass(targetClass)) {
 				return new JdkDynamicAopProxy(config);
 			}
 			return new ObjenesisCglibAopProxy(config);

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/framework/ProxyFactoryTests.java

@@ -340,6 +340,18 @@ class ProxyFactoryTests {
 		assertThat(AopProxyUtils.ultimateTargetClass(proxy)).isEqualTo(MyDate.class);
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void proxyInterfaceInCaseOfIntroducedInterfaceOnly() {
+		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory();
+		pf.addInterface(TimeStamped.class);
+		TimestampIntroductionInterceptor ti = new TimestampIntroductionInterceptor(0L);
+		pf.addAdvisor(new DefaultIntroductionAdvisor(ti, TimeStamped.class));
+		Object proxy = pf.getProxy();
+		assertThat(AopUtils.isJdkDynamicProxy(proxy)).as("Proxy is a JDK proxy").isTrue();
+		assertThat(proxy).isInstanceOf(TimeStamped.class);
+		assertThat(AopProxyUtils.ultimateTargetClass(proxy)).isEqualTo(proxy.getClass());
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void proxyInterfaceInCaseOfNonTargetInterface() {
 		ProxyFactory pf = new ProxyFactory();

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/aot/DefaultBeanRegistrationCodeFragments.java

@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class DefaultBeanRegistrationCodeFragments implements BeanRegistrationCodeFragme
 
 		CodeBlock.Builder code = CodeBlock.builder();
 		RootBeanDefinition mbd = this.registeredBean.getMergedBeanDefinition();
-		Class<?> beanClass = (mbd.hasBeanClass() ? mbd.getBeanClass() : null);
+		Class<?> beanClass = (mbd.hasBeanClass() ? ClassUtils.getUserClass(mbd.getBeanClass()) : null);
 		CodeBlock beanClassCode = generateBeanClassCode(
 				beanRegistrationCode.getClassName().packageName(),
 				(beanClass != null ? beanClass : beanType.toClass()));

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/aot/InstanceSupplierCodeGenerator.java

@@ -156,91 +156,96 @@ public class InstanceSupplierCodeGenerator {
 	}
 
 	private CodeBlock generateCodeForConstructor(RegisteredBean registeredBean, Constructor<?> constructor) {
-		String beanName = registeredBean.getBeanName();
-		Class<?> beanClass = registeredBean.getBeanClass();
+		ConstructorDescriptor descriptor = new ConstructorDescriptor(
+				registeredBean.getBeanName(), constructor, registeredBean.getBeanClass());
 
-		if (KotlinDetector.isKotlinReflectPresent() && KotlinDelegate.hasConstructorWithOptionalParameter(beanClass)) {
-			return generateCodeForInaccessibleConstructor(beanName, constructor,
-					hints -> hints.registerType(beanClass, MemberCategory.INVOKE_DECLARED_CONSTRUCTORS));
+		Class<?> publicType = descriptor.publicType();
+		if (KotlinDetector.isKotlinReflectPresent() && KotlinDelegate.hasConstructorWithOptionalParameter(publicType)) {
+			return generateCodeForInaccessibleConstructor(descriptor,
+					hints -> hints.registerType(publicType, MemberCategory.INVOKE_DECLARED_CONSTRUCTORS));
 		}
 
 		if (!isVisible(constructor, constructor.getDeclaringClass())) {
-			return generateCodeForInaccessibleConstructor(beanName, constructor,
+			return generateCodeForInaccessibleConstructor(descriptor,
 					hints -> hints.registerConstructor(constructor, ExecutableMode.INVOKE));
 		}
-		return generateCodeForAccessibleConstructor(beanName, constructor);
+		return generateCodeForAccessibleConstructor(descriptor);
 	}
 
-	private CodeBlock generateCodeForAccessibleConstructor(String beanName, Constructor<?> constructor) {
+	private CodeBlock generateCodeForAccessibleConstructor(ConstructorDescriptor descriptor) {
+		Constructor<?> constructor = descriptor.constructor();
 		this.generationContext.getRuntimeHints().reflection().registerConstructor(
 				constructor, ExecutableMode.INTROSPECT);
 
 		if (constructor.getParameterCount() == 0) {
 			if (!this.allowDirectSupplierShortcut) {
-				return CodeBlock.of("$T.using($T::new)", InstanceSupplier.class, constructor.getDeclaringClass());
+				return CodeBlock.of("$T.using($T::new)", InstanceSupplier.class, descriptor.actualType());
 			}
 			if (!isThrowingCheckedException(constructor)) {
-				return CodeBlock.of("$T::new", constructor.getDeclaringClass());
+				return CodeBlock.of("$T::new", descriptor.actualType());
 			}
-			return CodeBlock.of("$T.of($T::new)", ThrowingSupplier.class, constructor.getDeclaringClass());
+			return CodeBlock.of("$T.of($T::new)", ThrowingSupplier.class, descriptor.actualType());
 		}
 
 		GeneratedMethod generatedMethod = generateGetInstanceSupplierMethod(method ->
-				buildGetInstanceMethodForConstructor(method, beanName, constructor, PRIVATE_STATIC));
+				buildGetInstanceMethodForConstructor(method, descriptor, PRIVATE_STATIC));
 		return generateReturnStatement(generatedMethod);
 	}
 
-	private CodeBlock generateCodeForInaccessibleConstructor(String beanName,
-			Constructor<?> constructor, Consumer<ReflectionHints> hints) {
+	private CodeBlock generateCodeForInaccessibleConstructor(ConstructorDescriptor descriptor,
+			Consumer<ReflectionHints> hints) {
 
+		Constructor<?> constructor = descriptor.constructor();
 		CodeWarnings codeWarnings = new CodeWarnings();
 		codeWarnings.detectDeprecation(constructor.getDeclaringClass(), constructor)
 				.detectDeprecation(Arrays.stream(constructor.getParameters()).map(Parameter::getType));
 		hints.accept(this.generationContext.getRuntimeHints().reflection());
 
 		GeneratedMethod generatedMethod = generateGetInstanceSupplierMethod(method -> {
-			method.addJavadoc("Get the bean instance supplier for '$L'.", beanName);
+			method.addJavadoc("Get the bean instance supplier for '$L'.", descriptor.beanName());
 			method.addModifiers(PRIVATE_STATIC);
 			codeWarnings.suppress(method);
-			method.returns(ParameterizedTypeName.get(BeanInstanceSupplier.class, constructor.getDeclaringClass()));
-			method.addStatement(generateResolverForConstructor(constructor));
+			method.returns(ParameterizedTypeName.get(BeanInstanceSupplier.class, descriptor.publicType()));
+			method.addStatement(generateResolverForConstructor(descriptor));
 		});
 
 		return generateReturnStatement(generatedMethod);
 	}
 
-	private void buildGetInstanceMethodForConstructor(MethodSpec.Builder method, String beanName,
-			Constructor<?> constructor, javax.lang.model.element.Modifier... modifiers) {
+	private void buildGetInstanceMethodForConstructor(MethodSpec.Builder method, ConstructorDescriptor descriptor,
+			javax.lang.model.element.Modifier... modifiers) {
 
-		Class<?> declaringClass = constructor.getDeclaringClass();
+		Constructor<?> constructor = descriptor.constructor();
+		Class<?> publicType = descriptor.publicType();
+		Class<?> actualType = descriptor.actualType();
 
 		CodeWarnings codeWarnings = new CodeWarnings();
-		codeWarnings.detectDeprecation(declaringClass, constructor)
+		codeWarnings.detectDeprecation(actualType, constructor)
 				.detectDeprecation(Arrays.stream(constructor.getParameters()).map(Parameter::getType));
-		method.addJavadoc("Get the bean instance supplier for '$L'.", beanName);
+		method.addJavadoc("Get the bean instance supplier for '$L'.", descriptor.beanName());
 		method.addModifiers(modifiers);
 		codeWarnings.suppress(method);
-		method.returns(ParameterizedTypeName.get(BeanInstanceSupplier.class, declaringClass));
+		method.returns(ParameterizedTypeName.get(BeanInstanceSupplier.class, publicType));
 
 		CodeBlock.Builder code = CodeBlock.builder();
-		code.add(generateResolverForConstructor(constructor));
+		code.add(generateResolverForConstructor(descriptor));
 		boolean hasArguments = constructor.getParameterCount() > 0;
-		boolean onInnerClass = ClassUtils.isInnerClass(declaringClass);
+		boolean onInnerClass = ClassUtils.isInnerClass(actualType);
 
 		CodeBlock arguments = hasArguments ?
-				new AutowiredArgumentsCodeGenerator(declaringClass, constructor)
+				new AutowiredArgumentsCodeGenerator(actualType, constructor)
 						.generateCode(constructor.getParameterTypes(), (onInnerClass ? 1 : 0))
 				: NO_ARGS;
 
-		CodeBlock newInstance = generateNewInstanceCodeForConstructor(declaringClass, arguments);
+		CodeBlock newInstance = generateNewInstanceCodeForConstructor(actualType, arguments);
 		code.add(generateWithGeneratorCode(hasArguments, newInstance));
 		method.addStatement(code.build());
 	}
 
-	private CodeBlock generateResolverForConstructor(Constructor<?> constructor) {
-		CodeBlock parameterTypes = generateParameterTypesCode(constructor.getParameterTypes());
+	private CodeBlock generateResolverForConstructor(ConstructorDescriptor descriptor) {
+		CodeBlock parameterTypes = generateParameterTypesCode(descriptor.constructor().getParameterTypes());
 		return CodeBlock.of("return $T.<$T>forConstructor($L)", BeanInstanceSupplier.class,
-				constructor.getDeclaringClass(), parameterTypes);
+				descriptor.publicType(), parameterTypes);
 	}
 
 	private CodeBlock generateNewInstanceCodeForConstructor(Class<?> declaringClass, CodeBlock args) {
@@ -438,4 +443,11 @@ public class InstanceSupplierCodeGenerator {
 		}
 	}
 
+	record ConstructorDescriptor(String beanName, Constructor<?> constructor, Class<?> publicType) {
+
+		Class<?> actualType() {
+			return this.constructor.getDeclaringClass();
+		}
+	}
+
 }

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java

@@ -991,54 +991,60 @@ public abstract class AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory extends AbstractBeanFac
 	 */
 	@Nullable
 	private FactoryBean<?> getSingletonFactoryBeanForTypeCheck(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
-		BeanWrapper bw = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.get(beanName);
-		if (bw != null) {
-			return (FactoryBean<?>) bw.getWrappedInstance();
-		}
-		Object beanInstance = getSingleton(beanName, false);
-		if (beanInstance instanceof FactoryBean<?> factoryBean) {
-			return factoryBean;
-		}
-		if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName) ||
-				(mbd.getFactoryBeanName() != null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(mbd.getFactoryBeanName()))) {
-			return null;
-		}
-
-		Object instance;
+		this.singletonLock.lock();
 		try {
-			// Mark this bean as currently in creation, even if just partially.
-			beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
-			// Give BeanPostProcessors a chance to return a proxy instead of the target bean instance.
-			instance = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbd);
-			if (instance == null) {
-				bw = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, null);
-				instance = bw.getWrappedInstance();
-				this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.put(beanName, bw);
+			BeanWrapper bw = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.get(beanName);
+			if (bw != null) {
+				return (FactoryBean<?>) bw.getWrappedInstance();
 			}
-		}
-		catch (UnsatisfiedDependencyException ex) {
-			// Don't swallow, probably misconfiguration...
-			throw ex;
-		}
-		catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
-			// Don't swallow a linkage error since it contains a full stacktrace on
-			// first occurrence... and just a plain NoClassDefFoundError afterwards.
-			if (ex.contains(LinkageError.class)) {
+			Object beanInstance = getSingleton(beanName, false);
+			if (beanInstance instanceof FactoryBean<?> factoryBean) {
+				return factoryBean;
+			}
+			if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName) ||
+					(mbd.getFactoryBeanName() != null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(mbd.getFactoryBeanName()))) {
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			Object instance;
+			try {
+				// Mark this bean as currently in creation, even if just partially.
+				beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
+				// Give BeanPostProcessors a chance to return a proxy instead of the target bean instance.
+				instance = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbd);
+				if (instance == null) {
+					bw = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, null);
+					instance = bw.getWrappedInstance();
+					this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.put(beanName, bw);
+				}
+			}
+			catch (UnsatisfiedDependencyException ex) {
+				// Don't swallow, probably misconfiguration...
 				throw ex;
 			}
-			// Instantiation failure, maybe too early...
-			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
-				logger.debug("Bean creation exception on singleton FactoryBean type check: " + ex);
+			catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
+				// Don't swallow a linkage error since it contains a full stacktrace on
+				// first occurrence... and just a plain NoClassDefFoundError afterwards.
+				if (ex.contains(LinkageError.class)) {
+					throw ex;
+				}
+				// Instantiation failure, maybe too early...
+				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+					logger.debug("Bean creation exception on singleton FactoryBean type check: " + ex);
+				}
+				onSuppressedException(ex);
+				return null;
 			}
-			onSuppressedException(ex);
-			return null;
+			finally {
+				// Finished partial creation of this bean.
+				afterSingletonCreation(beanName);
+			}
+
+			return getFactoryBean(beanName, instance);
 		}
 		finally {
-			// Finished partial creation of this bean.
-			afterSingletonCreation(beanName);
+			this.singletonLock.unlock();
 		}
-
-		return getFactoryBean(beanName, instance);
 	}
 
 	/**

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/BeanDefinitionOverrideException.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -54,6 +54,22 @@ public class BeanDefinitionOverrideException extends BeanDefinitionStoreExceptio
 		this.existingDefinition = existingDefinition;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Create a new BeanDefinitionOverrideException for the given new and existing definition.
+	 * @param beanName the name of the bean
+	 * @param beanDefinition the newly registered bean definition
+	 * @param existingDefinition the existing bean definition for the same name
+	 * @param msg the detail message to include
+	 * @since 6.2.1
+	 */
+	public BeanDefinitionOverrideException(
+			String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition, BeanDefinition existingDefinition, String msg) {
+
+		super(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName, msg);
+		this.beanDefinition = beanDefinition;
+		this.existingDefinition = existingDefinition;
+	}
+
 
 	/**
 	 * Return the description of the resource that the bean definition came from.

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/DefaultListableBeanFactory.java

@@ -1170,6 +1170,11 @@ public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFacto
 					}
 				}
 				else {
+					if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
+						logger.info("Removing alias '" + beanName + "' for bean '" + aliasedName +
+								"' due to registration of bean definition for bean '" + beanName + "': [" +
+								beanDefinition + "]");
+					}
 					removeAlias(beanName);
 				}
 			}

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java

@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ public class DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry extends SimpleAliasRegistry implements
 	private static final int SUPPRESSED_EXCEPTIONS_LIMIT = 100;
 
 
+	/** Common lock for singleton creation. */
+	final Lock singletonLock = new ReentrantLock();
+
 	/** Cache of singleton objects: bean name to bean instance. */
 	private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);
 
@@ -91,8 +94,6 @@ public class DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry extends SimpleAliasRegistry implements
 	/** Set of registered singletons, containing the bean names in registration order. */
 	private final Set<String> registeredSingletons = Collections.synchronizedSet(new LinkedHashSet<>(256));
 
-	private final Lock singletonLock = new ReentrantLock();
-
 	/** Names of beans that are currently in creation. */
 	private final Set<String> singletonsCurrentlyInCreation = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet(16);
 

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/FactoryBeanRegistrySupport.java

@@ -118,39 +118,45 @@ public abstract class FactoryBeanRegistrySupport extends DefaultSingletonBeanReg
 	 */
 	protected Object getObjectFromFactoryBean(FactoryBean<?> factory, String beanName, boolean shouldPostProcess) {
 		if (factory.isSingleton() && containsSingleton(beanName)) {
-			Object object = this.factoryBeanObjectCache.get(beanName);
-			if (object == null) {
-				object = doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName);
-				// Only post-process and store if not put there already during getObject() call above
-				// (for example, because of circular reference processing triggered by custom getBean calls)
-				Object alreadyThere = this.factoryBeanObjectCache.get(beanName);
-				if (alreadyThere != null) {
-					object = alreadyThere;
-				}
-				else {
-					if (shouldPostProcess) {
-						if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
-							// Temporarily return non-post-processed object, not storing it yet
-							return object;
+			this.singletonLock.lock();
+			try {
+				Object object = this.factoryBeanObjectCache.get(beanName);
+				if (object == null) {
+					object = doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName);
+					// Only post-process and store if not put there already during getObject() call above
+					// (for example, because of circular reference processing triggered by custom getBean calls)
+					Object alreadyThere = this.factoryBeanObjectCache.get(beanName);
+					if (alreadyThere != null) {
+						object = alreadyThere;
+					}
+					else {
+						if (shouldPostProcess) {
+							if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
+								// Temporarily return non-post-processed object, not storing it yet
+								return object;
+							}
+							beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
+							try {
+								object = postProcessObjectFromFactoryBean(object, beanName);
+							}
+							catch (Throwable ex) {
+								throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
+										"Post-processing of FactoryBean's singleton object failed", ex);
+							}
+							finally {
+								afterSingletonCreation(beanName);
+							}
 						}
-						beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
-						try {
-							object = postProcessObjectFromFactoryBean(object, beanName);
-						}
-						catch (Throwable ex) {
-							throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
-									"Post-processing of FactoryBean's singleton object failed", ex);
-						}
-						finally {
-							afterSingletonCreation(beanName);
+						if (containsSingleton(beanName)) {
+							this.factoryBeanObjectCache.put(beanName, object);
 						}
 					}
-					if (containsSingleton(beanName)) {
-						this.factoryBeanObjectCache.put(beanName, object);
-					}
 				}
+				return object;
+			}
+			finally {
+				this.singletonLock.unlock();
 			}
-			return object;
 		}
 		else {
 			Object object = doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName);

spring-beans/src/test/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/DefaultListableBeanFactoryTests.java

@@ -870,10 +870,15 @@ class DefaultListableBeanFactoryTests {
 	void beanDefinitionOverriding() {
 		lbf.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(true);
 		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("test", new RootBeanDefinition(TestBean.class));
+		// Override "test" bean definition.
 		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("test", new RootBeanDefinition(NestedTestBean.class));
+		// Temporary "test2" alias for nonexistent bean.
 		lbf.registerAlias("otherTest", "test2");
+		// Reassign "test2" alias to "test".
 		lbf.registerAlias("test", "test2");
+		// Assign "testX" alias to "test" as well.
 		lbf.registerAlias("test", "testX");
+		// Register new "testX" bean definition which also removes the "testX" alias for "test".
 		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("testX", new RootBeanDefinition(TestBean.class));
 
 		assertThat(lbf.getBean("test")).isInstanceOf(NestedTestBean.class);

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader.java

@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ import org.springframework.beans.factory.groovy.GroovyBeanDefinitionReader;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.SourceExtractor;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinition;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionOverrideException;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionReader;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistry;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanNameGenerator;
-import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationCondition.ConfigurationPhase;
@@ -297,13 +297,21 @@ class ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader {
 			return false;
 		}
 		BeanDefinition existingBeanDef = this.registry.getBeanDefinition(beanName);
+		ConfigurationClass configClass = beanMethod.getConfigurationClass();
 
 		// If the bean method is an overloaded case on the same configuration class,
 		// preserve the existing bean definition and mark it as overloaded.
 		if (existingBeanDef instanceof ConfigurationClassBeanDefinition ccbd) {
-			if (ccbd.getMetadata().getClassName().equals(beanMethod.getConfigurationClass().getMetadata().getClassName()) &&
-					ccbd.getFactoryMethodMetadata().getMethodName().equals(beanMethod.getMetadata().getMethodName())) {
-				ccbd.setNonUniqueFactoryMethodName(ccbd.getFactoryMethodMetadata().getMethodName());
+			if (ccbd.getMetadata().getClassName().equals(configClass.getMetadata().getClassName())) {
+				if (ccbd.getFactoryMethodMetadata().getMethodName().equals(beanMethod.getMetadata().getMethodName())) {
+					ccbd.setNonUniqueFactoryMethodName(ccbd.getFactoryMethodMetadata().getMethodName());
+				}
+				else if (!this.registry.isBeanDefinitionOverridable(beanName)) {
+					throw new BeanDefinitionOverrideException(beanName,
+							new ConfigurationClassBeanDefinition(configClass, beanMethod.getMetadata(), beanName),
+							existingBeanDef,
+							"@Bean method override with same bean name but different method name: " + existingBeanDef);
+				}
 				return true;
 			}
 			else {
@@ -329,9 +337,11 @@ class ConfigurationClassBeanDefinitionReader {
 
 		// At this point, it's a top-level override (probably XML), just having been parsed
 		// before configuration class processing kicks in...
-		if (this.registry instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory dlbf && !dlbf.isBeanDefinitionOverridable(beanName)) {
-			throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanMethod.getConfigurationClass().getResource().getDescription(),
-					beanName, "@Bean definition illegally overridden by existing bean definition: " + existingBeanDef);
+		if (!this.registry.isBeanDefinitionOverridable(beanName)) {
+			throw new BeanDefinitionOverrideException(beanName,
+					new ConfigurationClassBeanDefinition(configClass, beanMethod.getMetadata(), beanName),
+					existingBeanDef,
+					"@Bean definition illegally overridden by existing bean definition: " + existingBeanDef);
 		}
 		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
 			logger.debug(String.format("Skipping bean definition for %s: a definition for bean '%s' " +

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/format/annotation/DurationFormat.java

@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 
 /**
  * Declares that a field or method parameter should be formatted as a
- * {@link java.time.Duration}, according to the specified {@link #style style}.
+ * {@link java.time.Duration}, according to the specified {@link #style Style}
+ * and {@link #defaultUnit Unit}.
  *
  * @author Simon Baslé
  * @since 6.2
@@ -40,20 +41,20 @@ import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 public @interface DurationFormat {
 
 	/**
-	 * The {@code Style} to use for parsing and printing a {@code Duration}.
+	 * The {@link Style} to use for parsing and printing a {@link Duration}.
 	 * <p>Defaults to the JDK style ({@link Style#ISO8601}).
 	 */
 	Style style() default Style.ISO8601;
 
 	/**
-	 * The {@link Unit} to fall back to in case the {@code style()} needs a unit
+	 * The {@link Unit} to fall back to in case the {@link #style Style} needs a unit
 	 * for either parsing or printing, and none is explicitly provided in the input.
 	 * <p>Defaults to {@link Unit#MILLIS} if unspecified.
 	 */
 	Unit defaultUnit() default Unit.MILLIS;
 
 	/**
-	 * Duration format styles.
+	 * {@link Duration} format styles.
 	 */
 	enum Style {
 
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ public @interface DurationFormat {
 		 * <p>Supported unit suffixes include: {@code ns, us, ms, s, m, h, d}.
 		 * Those correspond to nanoseconds, microseconds, milliseconds, seconds,
 		 * minutes, hours, and days, respectively.
-		 * <p>Note that when printing a {@code Duration}, this style can be
+		 * <p>Note that when printing a {@link Duration}, this style can be
 		 * lossy if the selected unit is bigger than the resolution of the
 		 * duration. For example, {@code Duration.ofMillis(5).plusNanos(1234)}
 		 * would get truncated to {@code "5ms"} when printing using
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ public @interface DurationFormat {
 
 		/**
 		 * ISO-8601 formatting.
-		 * <p>This is what the JDK uses in {@link java.time.Duration#parse(CharSequence)}
+		 * <p>This is what the JDK uses in {@link Duration#parse(CharSequence)}
 		 * and {@link Duration#toString()}.
 		 */
 		ISO8601,
@@ -90,11 +91,11 @@ public @interface DurationFormat {
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Duration format unit, which mirrors a subset of {@link ChronoUnit} and
+	 * {@link Duration} format unit, which mirrors a subset of {@link ChronoUnit} and
 	 * allows conversion to and from a supported {@code ChronoUnit} as well as
 	 * conversion from durations to longs.
 	 *
-	 * <p>The enum includes its corresponding suffix in the {@link Style#SIMPLE simple}
+	 * <p>The enum includes its corresponding suffix in the {@link Style#SIMPLE SIMPLE}
 	 * {@code Duration} format style.
 	 */
 	enum Unit {
@@ -147,25 +148,24 @@ public @interface DurationFormat {
 		}
 
 		/**
-		 * Convert this {@code DurationFormat.Unit} to its {@link ChronoUnit}
-		 * equivalent.
+		 * Convert this {@code Unit} to its {@link ChronoUnit} equivalent.
 		 */
 		public ChronoUnit asChronoUnit() {
 			return this.chronoUnit;
 		}
 
 		/**
-		 * Convert this {@code DurationFormat.Unit} to a simple {@code String}
-		 * suffix, suitable for the {@link Style#SIMPLE SIMPLE} style.
+		 * Convert this {@code Unit} to a simple {@code String} suffix, suitable
+		 * for the {@link Style#SIMPLE SIMPLE} style.
 		 */
 		public String asSuffix() {
 			return this.suffix;
 		}
 
 		/**
-		 * Parse a {@code long} from a {@code String} and interpret it to be a
-		 * {@code Duration} in the current unit.
-		 * @param value the String representation of the long
+		 * Parse a {@code long} from the given {@link String} and interpret it to be a
+		 * {@link Duration} in the current unit.
+		 * @param value the {@code String} representation of the long
 		 * @return the corresponding {@code Duration}
 		 */
 		public Duration parse(String value) {
@@ -173,11 +173,11 @@ public @interface DurationFormat {
 		}
 
 		/**
-		 * Print a {@code Duration} as a {@code String}, converting it to a long
+		 * Print the given {@link Duration} as a {@link String}, converting it to a long
 		 * value using this unit's precision via {@link #longValue(Duration)}
 		 * and appending this unit's simple {@link #asSuffix() suffix}.
-		 * @param value the {@code Duration} to convert to a String
-		 * @return the String representation of the {@code Duration} in the
+		 * @param value the {@code Duration} to convert to a {@code String}
+		 * @return the {@code String} representation of the {@code Duration} in the
 		 * {@link Style#SIMPLE SIMPLE} style
 		 */
 		public String print(Duration value) {
@@ -185,11 +185,12 @@ public @interface DurationFormat {
 		}
 
 		/**
-		 * Convert the given {@code Duration} to a long value in the resolution
-		 * of this unit. Note that this can be lossy if the current unit is
-		 * bigger than the actual resolution of the duration.
-		 * <p>For example, {@code Duration.ofMillis(5).plusNanos(1234)} would
-		 * get truncated to {@code 5} for unit {@code MILLIS}.
+		 * Convert the given {@link Duration} to a long value in the resolution
+		 * of this unit.
+		 * <p>Note that this can be lossy if the current unit is bigger than the
+		 * actual resolution of the duration. For example,
+		 * {@code Duration.ofMillis(5).plusNanos(1234)} would get truncated to
+		 * {@code 5} for unit {@code MILLIS}.
 		 * @param value the {@code Duration} to convert to a long
 		 * @return the long value for the {@code Duration} in this {@code Unit}
 		 */
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ public @interface DurationFormat {
 		}
 
 		/**
-		 * Get the {@code Unit} corresponding to the given {@code ChronoUnit}.
+		 * Get the {@link Unit} corresponding to the given {@link ChronoUnit}.
 		 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given {@code ChronoUnit} is
 		 * not supported
 		 */
@@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ public @interface DurationFormat {
 		}
 
 		/**
-		 * Get the {@code Unit} corresponding to the given {@code String} suffix.
+		 * Get the {@link Unit} corresponding to the given {@link String} suffix.
 		 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given suffix is not supported
 		 */
 		public static Unit fromSuffix(String suffix) {

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/ScheduledAnnotationReactiveSupport.java

@@ -123,8 +123,9 @@ abstract class ScheduledAnnotationReactiveSupport {
 		Publisher<?> publisher = getPublisherFor(method, targetBean);
 		Supplier<ScheduledTaskObservationContext> contextSupplier =
 				() -> new ScheduledTaskObservationContext(targetBean, method);
+		String displayName = targetBean.getClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
 		return new SubscribingRunnable(publisher, shouldBlock, scheduled.scheduler(),
-				subscriptionTrackerRegistry, observationRegistrySupplier, contextSupplier);
+				subscriptionTrackerRegistry, displayName, observationRegistrySupplier, contextSupplier);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -192,6 +193,8 @@ abstract class ScheduledAnnotationReactiveSupport {
 
 		final boolean shouldBlock;
 
+		final String displayName;
+
 		@Nullable
 		private final String qualifier;
 
@@ -202,12 +205,13 @@ abstract class ScheduledAnnotationReactiveSupport {
 		final Supplier<ScheduledTaskObservationContext> contextSupplier;
 
 		SubscribingRunnable(Publisher<?> publisher, boolean shouldBlock,
-				@Nullable String qualifier, List<Runnable> subscriptionTrackerRegistry,
-				Supplier<ObservationRegistry> observationRegistrySupplier,
-				Supplier<ScheduledTaskObservationContext> contextSupplier) {
+							@Nullable String qualifier, List<Runnable> subscriptionTrackerRegistry,
+							String displayName, Supplier<ObservationRegistry> observationRegistrySupplier,
+							Supplier<ScheduledTaskObservationContext> contextSupplier) {
 
 			this.publisher = publisher;
 			this.shouldBlock = shouldBlock;
+			this.displayName = displayName;
 			this.qualifier = qualifier;
 			this.subscriptionTrackerRegistry = subscriptionTrackerRegistry;
 			this.observationRegistrySupplier = observationRegistrySupplier;
@@ -253,6 +257,11 @@ abstract class ScheduledAnnotationReactiveSupport {
 				this.publisher.subscribe(subscriber);
 			}
 		}
+
+		@Override
+		public String toString() {
+			return this.displayName;
+		}
 	}
 
 

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/config/Task.java

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ package org.springframework.scheduling.config;
 
 import java.time.Instant;
 
+import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
+import org.springframework.scheduling.SchedulingAwareRunnable;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 
 /**
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ public class Task {
 	}
 
 
-	private class OutcomeTrackingRunnable implements Runnable {
+	private class OutcomeTrackingRunnable implements SchedulingAwareRunnable {
 
 		private final Runnable runnable;
 
@@ -89,6 +91,23 @@ public class Task {
 			}
 		}
 
+		@Override
+		public boolean isLongLived() {
+			if (this.runnable instanceof SchedulingAwareRunnable sar) {
+				return sar.isLongLived();
+			}
+			return SchedulingAwareRunnable.super.isLongLived();
+		}
+
+		@Nullable
+		@Override
+		public String getQualifier() {
+			if (this.runnable instanceof SchedulingAwareRunnable sar) {
+				return sar.getQualifier();
+			}
+			return SchedulingAwareRunnable.super.getQualifier();
+		}
+
 		@Override
 		public String toString() {
 			return this.runnable.toString();

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/validation/beanvalidation/BeanValidationBeanRegistrationAotProcessor.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ package org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation;
 
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@ class BeanValidationBeanRegistrationAotProcessor implements BeanRegistrationAotP
 			Set<Class<?>> validatedClasses = new HashSet<>();
 			Set<Class<? extends ConstraintValidator<?, ?>>> constraintValidatorClasses = new HashSet<>();
 
-			processAheadOfTime(beanClass, validatedClasses, constraintValidatorClasses);
+			processAheadOfTime(beanClass, new HashSet<>(), validatedClasses, constraintValidatorClasses);
 
 			if (!validatedClasses.isEmpty() || !constraintValidatorClasses.isEmpty()) {
 				return new AotContribution(validatedClasses, constraintValidatorClasses);
@@ -115,27 +114,38 @@ class BeanValidationBeanRegistrationAotProcessor implements BeanRegistrationAotP
 			return null;
 		}
 
-		private static void processAheadOfTime(Class<?> clazz, Collection<Class<?>> validatedClasses,
-				Collection<Class<? extends ConstraintValidator<?, ?>>> constraintValidatorClasses) {
+		private static void processAheadOfTime(Class<?> clazz, Set<Class<?>> visitedClasses, Set<Class<?>> validatedClasses,
+				Set<Class<? extends ConstraintValidator<?, ?>>> constraintValidatorClasses) {
 
-			Assert.notNull(validator, "Validator can't be null");
+			Assert.notNull(validator, "Validator cannot be null");
+
+			if (!visitedClasses.add(clazz)) {
+				return;
+			}
 
 			BeanDescriptor descriptor;
 			try {
 				descriptor = validator.getConstraintsForClass(clazz);
 			}
-			catch (RuntimeException ex) {
+			catch (RuntimeException | LinkageError ex) {
+				String className = clazz.getName();
 				if (KotlinDetector.isKotlinType(clazz) && ex instanceof ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException) {
 					// See https://hibernate.atlassian.net/browse/HV-1796 and https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/KT-40857
-					logger.warn("Skipping validation constraint hint inference for class " + clazz +
-							" due to an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException at validator level");
+					if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
+						logger.warn("Skipping validation constraint hint inference for class " + className +
+								" due to an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException at validator level");
+					}
 				}
-				else if (ex instanceof TypeNotPresentException) {
-					logger.debug("Skipping validation constraint hint inference for class " +
-							clazz + " due to a TypeNotPresentException at validator level: " + ex.getMessage());
+				else if (ex instanceof TypeNotPresentException || ex instanceof NoClassDefFoundError) {
+					if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+						logger.debug("Skipping validation constraint hint inference for class %s due to a %s for %s"
+								.formatted(className, ex.getClass().getSimpleName(), ex.getMessage()));
+					}
 				}
 				else {
-					logger.warn("Skipping validation constraint hint inference for class " + clazz, ex);
+					if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
+						logger.warn("Skipping validation constraint hint inference for class " + className, ex);
+					}
 				}
 				return;
 			}
@@ -149,12 +159,12 @@ class BeanValidationBeanRegistrationAotProcessor implements BeanRegistrationAotP
 
 			ReflectionUtils.doWithFields(clazz, field -> {
 				Class<?> type = field.getType();
-				if (Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(type) || List.class.isAssignableFrom(type) || Optional.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
+				if (Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(type) || Optional.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
 					ResolvableType resolvableType = ResolvableType.forField(field);
 					Class<?> genericType = resolvableType.getGeneric(0).toClass();
 					if (shouldProcess(genericType)) {
 						validatedClasses.add(clazz);
-						processAheadOfTime(genericType, validatedClasses, constraintValidatorClasses);
+						processAheadOfTime(genericType, visitedClasses, validatedClasses, constraintValidatorClasses);
 					}
 				}
 				if (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
@@ -163,11 +173,11 @@ class BeanValidationBeanRegistrationAotProcessor implements BeanRegistrationAotP
 					Class<?> valueGenericType = resolvableType.getGeneric(1).toClass();
 					if (shouldProcess(keyGenericType)) {
 						validatedClasses.add(clazz);
-						processAheadOfTime(keyGenericType, validatedClasses, constraintValidatorClasses);
+						processAheadOfTime(keyGenericType, visitedClasses, validatedClasses, constraintValidatorClasses);
 					}
 					if (shouldProcess(valueGenericType)) {
 						validatedClasses.add(clazz);
-						processAheadOfTime(valueGenericType, validatedClasses, constraintValidatorClasses);
+						processAheadOfTime(valueGenericType, visitedClasses, validatedClasses, constraintValidatorClasses);
 					}
 				}
 			});

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/validation/beanvalidation/OptionalValidatorFactoryBean.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2013 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation;
 
 import jakarta.validation.ValidationException;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
 import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
 
 /**
@@ -39,7 +40,13 @@ public class OptionalValidatorFactoryBean extends LocalValidatorFactoryBean {
 			super.afterPropertiesSet();
 		}
 		catch (ValidationException ex) {
-			LogFactory.getLog(getClass()).debug("Failed to set up a Bean Validation provider", ex);
+			Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
+			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+				logger.debug("Failed to set up a Bean Validation provider", ex);
+			}
+			else if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
+				logger.info("Failed to set up a Bean Validation provider: " + ex);
+			}
 		}
 	}
 

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/aspectj/autoproxy/AspectJAutoProxyCreatorTests.java

@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class AspectJAutoProxyCreatorTests {
 	void aspectsAreApplied() {
 		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext bf = newContext("aspects.xml");
 
-		ITestBean tb = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("adrian");
+		ITestBean tb = bf.getBean("adrian", ITestBean.class);
 		assertThat(tb.getAge()).isEqualTo(68);
 		MethodInvokingFactoryBean factoryBean = (MethodInvokingFactoryBean) bf.getBean("&factoryBean");
 		assertThat(AopUtils.isAopProxy(factoryBean.getTargetObject())).isTrue();
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class AspectJAutoProxyCreatorTests {
 	void multipleAspectsWithParameterApplied() {
 		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext bf = newContext("aspects.xml");
 
-		ITestBean tb = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("adrian");
+		ITestBean tb = bf.getBean("adrian", ITestBean.class);
 		tb.setAge(10);
 		assertThat(tb.getAge()).isEqualTo(20);
 	}
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ class AspectJAutoProxyCreatorTests {
 	void aspectsAreAppliedInDefinedOrder() {
 		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext bf = newContext("aspectsWithOrdering.xml");
 
-		ITestBean tb = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("adrian");
+		ITestBean tb = bf.getBean("adrian", ITestBean.class);
 		assertThat(tb.getAge()).isEqualTo(71);
 	}
 
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ class AspectJAutoProxyCreatorTests {
 	void aspectsAndAdvisorAreApplied() {
 		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ac = newContext("aspectsPlusAdvisor.xml");
 
-		ITestBean shouldBeWeaved = (ITestBean) ac.getBean("adrian");
-		doTestAspectsAndAdvisorAreApplied(ac, shouldBeWeaved);
+		ITestBean shouldBeWoven = ac.getBean("adrian", ITestBean.class);
+		assertAspectsAndAdvisorAreApplied(ac, shouldBeWoven);
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -124,20 +124,22 @@ class AspectJAutoProxyCreatorTests {
 		GenericApplicationContext childAc = new GenericApplicationContext(ac);
 		// Create a child factory with a bean that should be woven
 		RootBeanDefinition bd = new RootBeanDefinition(TestBean.class);
-		bd.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue(new PropertyValue("name", "Adrian"))
+		bd.getPropertyValues()
+				.addPropertyValue(new PropertyValue("name", "Adrian"))
 				.addPropertyValue(new PropertyValue("age", 34));
 		childAc.registerBeanDefinition("adrian2", bd);
 		// Register the advisor auto proxy creator with subclass
-		childAc.registerBeanDefinition(AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator.class.getName(), new RootBeanDefinition(
-				AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator.class));
+		childAc.registerBeanDefinition(AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator.class.getName(),
+				new RootBeanDefinition(AnnotationAwareAspectJAutoProxyCreator.class));
 		childAc.refresh();
 
-		ITestBean beanFromChildContextThatShouldBeWeaved = (ITestBean) childAc.getBean("adrian2");
-		//testAspectsAndAdvisorAreApplied(childAc, (ITestBean) ac.getBean("adrian"));
-		doTestAspectsAndAdvisorAreApplied(childAc, beanFromChildContextThatShouldBeWeaved);
+		ITestBean beanFromParentContextThatShouldBeWoven = ac.getBean("adrian", ITestBean.class);
+		ITestBean beanFromChildContextThatShouldBeWoven = childAc.getBean("adrian2", ITestBean.class);
+		assertAspectsAndAdvisorAreApplied(childAc, beanFromParentContextThatShouldBeWoven);
+		assertAspectsAndAdvisorAreApplied(childAc, beanFromChildContextThatShouldBeWoven);
 	}
 
-	protected void doTestAspectsAndAdvisorAreApplied(ApplicationContext ac, ITestBean shouldBeWeaved) {
+	protected void assertAspectsAndAdvisorAreApplied(ApplicationContext ac, ITestBean shouldBeWoven) {
 		TestBeanAdvisor tba = (TestBeanAdvisor) ac.getBean("advisor");
 
 		MultiplyReturnValue mrv = (MultiplyReturnValue) ac.getBean("aspect");
@@ -146,10 +148,10 @@ class AspectJAutoProxyCreatorTests {
 		tba.count = 0;
 		mrv.invocations = 0;
 
-		assertThat(AopUtils.isAopProxy(shouldBeWeaved)).as("Autoproxying must apply from @AspectJ aspect").isTrue();
-		assertThat(shouldBeWeaved.getName()).isEqualTo("Adrian");
+		assertThat(AopUtils.isAopProxy(shouldBeWoven)).as("Autoproxying must apply from @AspectJ aspect").isTrue();
+		assertThat(shouldBeWoven.getName()).isEqualTo("Adrian");
 		assertThat(mrv.invocations).isEqualTo(0);
-		assertThat(shouldBeWeaved.getAge()).isEqualTo((34 * mrv.getMultiple()));
+		assertThat(shouldBeWoven.getAge()).isEqualTo((34 * mrv.getMultiple()));
 		assertThat(tba.count).as("Spring advisor must be invoked").isEqualTo(2);
 		assertThat(mrv.invocations).as("Must be able to hold state in aspect").isEqualTo(1);
 	}
@@ -158,13 +160,13 @@ class AspectJAutoProxyCreatorTests {
 	void perThisAspect() {
 		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext bf = newContext("perthis.xml");
 
-		ITestBean adrian1 = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("adrian");
+		ITestBean adrian1 = bf.getBean("adrian", ITestBean.class);
 		assertThat(AopUtils.isAopProxy(adrian1)).isTrue();
 
 		assertThat(adrian1.getAge()).isEqualTo(0);
 		assertThat(adrian1.getAge()).isEqualTo(1);
 
-		ITestBean adrian2 = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("adrian");
+		ITestBean adrian2 = bf.getBean("adrian", ITestBean.class);
 		assertThat(adrian2).isNotSameAs(adrian1);
 		assertThat(AopUtils.isAopProxy(adrian1)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(adrian2.getAge()).isEqualTo(0);
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ class AspectJAutoProxyCreatorTests {
 	void perTargetAspect() throws SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException {
 		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext bf = newContext("pertarget.xml");
 
-		ITestBean adrian1 = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("adrian");
+		ITestBean adrian1 = bf.getBean("adrian", ITestBean.class);
 		assertThat(AopUtils.isAopProxy(adrian1)).isTrue();
 
 		// Does not trigger advice or count
@@ -199,7 +201,7 @@ class AspectJAutoProxyCreatorTests {
 		adrian1.setName("Adrian");
 		//assertEquals("Any other setter does not increment", 2, adrian1.getAge());
 
-		ITestBean adrian2 = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("adrian");
+		ITestBean adrian2 = bf.getBean("adrian", ITestBean.class);
 		assertThat(adrian2).isNotSameAs(adrian1);
 		assertThat(AopUtils.isAopProxy(adrian1)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(adrian2.getAge()).isEqualTo(34);
@@ -239,7 +241,7 @@ class AspectJAutoProxyCreatorTests {
 	void twoAdviceAspect() {
 		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext bf = newContext("twoAdviceAspect.xml");
 
-		ITestBean adrian1 = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("adrian");
+		ITestBean adrian1 = bf.getBean("adrian", ITestBean.class);
 		testAgeAspect(adrian1, 0, 2);
 	}
 
@@ -247,9 +249,9 @@ class AspectJAutoProxyCreatorTests {
 	void twoAdviceAspectSingleton() {
 		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext bf = newContext("twoAdviceAspectSingleton.xml");
 
-		ITestBean adrian1 = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("adrian");
+		ITestBean adrian1 = bf.getBean("adrian", ITestBean.class);
 		testAgeAspect(adrian1, 0, 1);
-		ITestBean adrian2 = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("adrian");
+		ITestBean adrian2 = bf.getBean("adrian", ITestBean.class);
 		assertThat(adrian2).isNotSameAs(adrian1);
 		testAgeAspect(adrian2, 2, 1);
 	}
@@ -258,9 +260,9 @@ class AspectJAutoProxyCreatorTests {
 	void twoAdviceAspectPrototype() {
 		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext bf = newContext("twoAdviceAspectPrototype.xml");
 
-		ITestBean adrian1 = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("adrian");
+		ITestBean adrian1 = bf.getBean("adrian", ITestBean.class);
 		testAgeAspect(adrian1, 0, 1);
-		ITestBean adrian2 = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("adrian");
+		ITestBean adrian2 = bf.getBean("adrian", ITestBean.class);
 		assertThat(adrian2).isNotSameAs(adrian1);
 		testAgeAspect(adrian2, 0, 1);
 	}
@@ -280,7 +282,7 @@ class AspectJAutoProxyCreatorTests {
 	void adviceUsingJoinPoint() {
 		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext bf = newContext("usesJoinPointAspect.xml");
 
-		ITestBean adrian1 = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("adrian");
+		ITestBean adrian1 = bf.getBean("adrian", ITestBean.class);
 		adrian1.getAge();
 		AdviceUsingThisJoinPoint aspectInstance = (AdviceUsingThisJoinPoint) bf.getBean("aspect");
 		//(AdviceUsingThisJoinPoint) Aspects.aspectOf(AdviceUsingThisJoinPoint.class);
@@ -292,7 +294,7 @@ class AspectJAutoProxyCreatorTests {
 	void includeMechanism() {
 		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext bf = newContext("usesInclude.xml");
 
-		ITestBean adrian = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("adrian");
+		ITestBean adrian = bf.getBean("adrian", ITestBean.class);
 		assertThat(AopUtils.isAopProxy(adrian)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(adrian.getAge()).isEqualTo(68);
 	}
@@ -310,7 +312,7 @@ class AspectJAutoProxyCreatorTests {
 	void withAbstractFactoryBeanAreApplied() {
 		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext bf = newContext("aspectsWithAbstractBean.xml");
 
-		ITestBean adrian = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("adrian");
+		ITestBean adrian = bf.getBean("adrian", ITestBean.class);
 		assertThat(AopUtils.isAopProxy(adrian)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(adrian.getAge()).isEqualTo(68);
 	}
@@ -321,8 +323,7 @@ class AspectJAutoProxyCreatorTests {
 
 		UnreliableBean bean = (UnreliableBean) bf.getBean("unreliableBean");
 		RetryAspect aspect = (RetryAspect) bf.getBean("retryAspect");
-		int attempts = bean.unreliable();
-		assertThat(attempts).isEqualTo(2);
+		assertThat(bean.unreliable()).isEqualTo(2);
 		assertThat(aspect.getBeginCalls()).isEqualTo(2);
 		assertThat(aspect.getRollbackCalls()).isEqualTo(1);
 		assertThat(aspect.getCommitCalls()).isEqualTo(1);
@@ -332,7 +333,7 @@ class AspectJAutoProxyCreatorTests {
 	void withBeanNameAutoProxyCreator() {
 		ClassPathXmlApplicationContext bf = newContext("withBeanNameAutoProxyCreator.xml");
 
-		ITestBean tb = (ITestBean) bf.getBean("adrian");
+		ITestBean tb = bf.getBean("adrian", ITestBean.class);
 		assertThat(tb.getAge()).isEqualTo(68);
 	}
 

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/framework/autoproxy/DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreatorTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+
+import org.aopalliance.aop.Advice;
+import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import org.springframework.aop.Pointcut;
+import org.springframework.aop.support.AbstractPointcutAdvisor;
+import org.springframework.aop.support.RootClassFilter;
+import org.springframework.aop.support.StaticMethodMatcherPointcut;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+/**
+ * Integration tests for {@link DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator}.
+ *
+ * @author Sam Brannen
+ * @since 6.2.1
+ */
+class DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreatorTests {
+
+	/**
+	 * Indirectly tests behavior of {@link org.springframework.aop.framework.AdvisedSupport.MethodCacheKey}.
+	 * @see StaticMethodMatcherPointcut#matches(Method, Class)
+	 */
+	@Test  // gh-33915
+	void staticMethodMatcherPointcutMatchesMethodIsNotInvokedAgainForActualMethodInvocation() {
+		AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(
+				DemoBean.class, DemoPointcutAdvisor.class, DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.class);
+		DemoPointcutAdvisor demoPointcutAdvisor = context.getBean(DemoPointcutAdvisor.class);
+		DemoBean demoBean = context.getBean(DemoBean.class);
+
+		assertThat(demoPointcutAdvisor.matchesInvocationCount).as("matches() invocations before").isEqualTo(2);
+		// Invoke multiple times to ensure additional invocations don't affect the outcome.
+		assertThat(demoBean.sayHello()).isEqualTo("Advised: Hello!");
+		assertThat(demoBean.sayHello()).isEqualTo("Advised: Hello!");
+		assertThat(demoBean.sayHello()).isEqualTo("Advised: Hello!");
+		assertThat(demoPointcutAdvisor.matchesInvocationCount).as("matches() invocations after").isEqualTo(2);
+
+		context.close();
+	}
+
+
+	static class DemoBean {
+
+		public String sayHello() {
+			return "Hello!";
+		}
+	}
+
+	@SuppressWarnings("serial")
+	static class DemoPointcutAdvisor extends AbstractPointcutAdvisor {
+
+		int matchesInvocationCount = 0;
+
+		@Override
+		public Pointcut getPointcut() {
+			StaticMethodMatcherPointcut pointcut = new StaticMethodMatcherPointcut() {
+
+				@Override
+				public boolean matches(Method method, Class<?> targetClass) {
+					if (method.getName().equals("sayHello")) {
+						matchesInvocationCount++;
+						return true;
+					}
+					return false;
+				}
+			};
+			pointcut.setClassFilter(new RootClassFilter(DemoBean.class));
+			return pointcut;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public Advice getAdvice() {
+			return (MethodInterceptor) invocation -> "Advised: " + invocation.proceed();
+		}
+	}
+
+}

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/configuration/ConfigurationClassProcessingTests.java

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ class ConfigurationClassProcessingTests {
 
 	private void aliasesAreRespected(Class<?> testClass, Supplier<TestBean> testBeanSupplier, String beanName) {
 		TestBean testBean = testBeanSupplier.get();
-		BeanFactory factory = initBeanFactory(testClass);
+		BeanFactory factory = initBeanFactory(false, testClass);
 
 		assertThat(factory.getBean(beanName)).isSameAs(testBean);
 		Arrays.stream(factory.getAliases(beanName)).map(factory::getBean).forEach(alias -> assertThat(alias).isSameAs(testBean));
@@ -141,30 +141,30 @@ class ConfigurationClassProcessingTests {
 	@Test
 	void finalBeanMethod() {
 		assertThatExceptionOfType(BeanDefinitionParsingException.class).isThrownBy(() ->
-				initBeanFactory(ConfigWithFinalBean.class));
+				initBeanFactory(false, ConfigWithFinalBean.class));
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void finalBeanMethodWithoutProxy() {
-		initBeanFactory(ConfigWithFinalBeanWithoutProxy.class);
+		initBeanFactory(false, ConfigWithFinalBeanWithoutProxy.class);
 	}
 
 	@Test  // gh-31007
 	void voidBeanMethod() {
 		assertThatExceptionOfType(BeanDefinitionParsingException.class).isThrownBy(() ->
-				initBeanFactory(ConfigWithVoidBean.class));
+				initBeanFactory(false, ConfigWithVoidBean.class));
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void simplestPossibleConfig() {
-		BeanFactory factory = initBeanFactory(SimplestPossibleConfig.class);
+		BeanFactory factory = initBeanFactory(false, SimplestPossibleConfig.class);
 		String stringBean = factory.getBean("stringBean", String.class);
 		assertThat(stringBean).isEqualTo("foo");
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void configWithObjectReturnType() {
-		BeanFactory factory = initBeanFactory(ConfigWithNonSpecificReturnTypes.class);
+		BeanFactory factory = initBeanFactory(false, ConfigWithNonSpecificReturnTypes.class);
 		assertThat(factory.getType("stringBean")).isEqualTo(Object.class);
 		assertThat(factory.isTypeMatch("stringBean", String.class)).isFalse();
 		String stringBean = factory.getBean("stringBean", String.class);
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class ConfigurationClassProcessingTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void configWithFactoryBeanReturnType() {
-		ListableBeanFactory factory = initBeanFactory(ConfigWithNonSpecificReturnTypes.class);
+		ListableBeanFactory factory = initBeanFactory(false, ConfigWithNonSpecificReturnTypes.class);
 		assertThat(factory.getType("factoryBean")).isEqualTo(List.class);
 		assertThat(factory.isTypeMatch("factoryBean", List.class)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(factory.getType("&factoryBean")).isEqualTo(FactoryBean.class);
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ class ConfigurationClassProcessingTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void configurationWithPrototypeScopedBeans() {
-		BeanFactory factory = initBeanFactory(ConfigWithPrototypeBean.class);
+		BeanFactory factory = initBeanFactory(false, ConfigWithPrototypeBean.class);
 
 		TestBean foo = factory.getBean("foo", TestBean.class);
 		ITestBean bar = factory.getBean("bar", ITestBean.class);
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class ConfigurationClassProcessingTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void configurationWithNullReference() {
-		BeanFactory factory = initBeanFactory(ConfigWithNullReference.class);
+		BeanFactory factory = initBeanFactory(false, ConfigWithNullReference.class);
 
 		TestBean foo = factory.getBean("foo", TestBean.class);
 		assertThat(factory.getBean("bar")).isEqualTo(null);
@@ -223,7 +223,15 @@ class ConfigurationClassProcessingTests {
 	@Test  // gh-33330
 	void configurationWithMethodNameMismatch() {
 		assertThatExceptionOfType(BeanDefinitionOverrideException.class)
-				.isThrownBy(() -> initBeanFactory(ConfigWithMethodNameMismatch.class));
+				.isThrownBy(() -> initBeanFactory(false, ConfigWithMethodNameMismatch.class));
+	}
+
+	@Test  // gh-33920
+	void configurationWithMethodNameMismatchAndOverridingAllowed() {
+		BeanFactory factory = initBeanFactory(true, ConfigWithMethodNameMismatch.class);
+
+		SpousyTestBean foo = factory.getBean("foo", SpousyTestBean.class);
+		assertThat(foo.getName()).isEqualTo("foo1");
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -353,13 +361,13 @@ class ConfigurationClassProcessingTests {
 	 * When complete, the factory is ready to service requests for any {@link Bean} methods
 	 * declared by {@code configClasses}.
 	 */
-	private DefaultListableBeanFactory initBeanFactory(Class<?>... configClasses) {
+	private DefaultListableBeanFactory initBeanFactory(boolean allowOverriding, Class<?>... configClasses) {
 		DefaultListableBeanFactory factory = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
 		for (Class<?> configClass : configClasses) {
 			String configBeanName = configClass.getName();
 			factory.registerBeanDefinition(configBeanName, new RootBeanDefinition(configClass));
 		}
-		factory.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(false);
+		factory.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverriding(allowOverriding);
 		ConfigurationClassPostProcessor ccpp = new ConfigurationClassPostProcessor();
 		ccpp.postProcessBeanDefinitionRegistry(factory);
 		ccpp.postProcessBeanFactory(factory);
@@ -537,12 +545,12 @@ class ConfigurationClassProcessingTests {
 	@Configuration
 	static class ConfigWithMethodNameMismatch {
 
-		@Bean(name = "foo") public TestBean foo() {
-			return new SpousyTestBean("foo");
+		@Bean(name = "foo") public TestBean foo1() {
+			return new SpousyTestBean("foo1");
 		}
 
-		@Bean(name = "foo") public TestBean fooX() {
-			return new SpousyTestBean("fooX");
+		@Bean(name = "foo") public TestBean foo2() {
+			return new SpousyTestBean("foo2");
 		}
 	}
 

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/aot/ApplicationContextAotGeneratorTests.java

@@ -66,8 +66,10 @@ import org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor;
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.ContextAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver;
 import org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext;
 import org.springframework.context.support.GenericXmlApplicationContext;
+import org.springframework.context.testfixture.context.annotation.AutowiredCglibConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.context.testfixture.context.annotation.AutowiredComponent;
 import org.springframework.context.testfixture.context.annotation.AutowiredGenericTemplate;
+import org.springframework.context.testfixture.context.annotation.AutowiredMixedCglibConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.context.testfixture.context.annotation.CglibConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.context.testfixture.context.annotation.ConfigurableCglibConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.context.testfixture.context.annotation.GenericTemplateConfiguration;
@@ -82,6 +84,7 @@ import org.springframework.context.testfixture.context.annotation.LazyResourceMe
 import org.springframework.context.testfixture.context.annotation.PropertySourceConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.context.testfixture.context.annotation.QualifierConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.context.testfixture.context.annotation.ResourceComponent;
+import org.springframework.context.testfixture.context.annotation.ValueCglibConfiguration;
 import org.springframework.context.testfixture.context.generator.SimpleComponent;
 import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment;
 import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
@@ -436,12 +439,14 @@ class ApplicationContextAotGeneratorTests {
 	@CompileWithForkedClassLoader
 	class ConfigurationClassCglibProxy {
 
+		private static final String CGLIB_CONFIGURATION_CLASS_SUFFIX = "$$SpringCGLIB$$0";
+
 		@Test
 		void processAheadOfTimeWhenHasCglibProxyWriteProxyAndGenerateReflectionHints() throws IOException {
 			GenericApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
 			applicationContext.registerBean(CglibConfiguration.class);
 			TestGenerationContext context = processAheadOfTime(applicationContext);
-			isRegisteredCglibClass(context, CglibConfiguration.class.getName() + "$$SpringCGLIB$$0");
+			isRegisteredCglibClass(context, CglibConfiguration.class.getName() + CGLIB_CONFIGURATION_CLASS_SUFFIX);
 			isRegisteredCglibClass(context, CglibConfiguration.class.getName() + "$$SpringCGLIB$$FastClass$$0");
 			isRegisteredCglibClass(context, CglibConfiguration.class.getName() + "$$SpringCGLIB$$FastClass$$1");
 		}
@@ -453,6 +458,43 @@ class ApplicationContextAotGeneratorTests {
 					.withMemberCategory(MemberCategory.INVOKE_DECLARED_CONSTRUCTORS)).accepts(context.getRuntimeHints());
 		}
 
+		@Test
+		void processAheadOfTimeExposeUserClassForCglibProxy() {
+			GenericApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
+			applicationContext.registerBean("config", ValueCglibConfiguration.class);
+
+			testCompiledResult(applicationContext, (initializer, compiled) -> {
+				GenericApplicationContext freshApplicationContext = toFreshApplicationContext(initializer);
+				assertThat(freshApplicationContext).satisfies(hasBeanDefinitionOfBeanClass("config", ValueCglibConfiguration.class));
+				assertThat(compiled.getSourceFile(".*ValueCglibConfiguration__BeanDefinitions"))
+						.contains("new RootBeanDefinition(ValueCglibConfiguration.class)")
+						.contains("new %s(".formatted(toCglibClassSimpleName(ValueCglibConfiguration.class)));
+			});
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void processAheadOfTimeUsesCglibClassForFactoryMethod() {
+			GenericApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
+			applicationContext.registerBean("config", CglibConfiguration.class);
+
+			testCompiledResult(applicationContext, (initializer, compiled) -> {
+				GenericApplicationContext freshApplicationContext = toFreshApplicationContext(initializer);
+				assertThat(freshApplicationContext).satisfies(hasBeanDefinitionOfBeanClass("config", CglibConfiguration.class));
+				assertThat(compiled.getSourceFile(".*CglibConfiguration__BeanDefinitions"))
+						.contains("new RootBeanDefinition(CglibConfiguration.class)")
+						.contains(">forFactoryMethod(%s.class,".formatted(toCglibClassSimpleName(CglibConfiguration.class)))
+						.doesNotContain(">forFactoryMethod(%s.class,".formatted(CglibConfiguration.class));
+			});
+		}
+
+		private Consumer<GenericApplicationContext> hasBeanDefinitionOfBeanClass(String name, Class<?> beanClass) {
+			return context -> {
+				assertThat(context.containsBean(name)).isTrue();
+				assertThat(context.getBeanDefinition(name)).isInstanceOfSatisfying(RootBeanDefinition.class,
+						rbd -> assertThat(rbd.getBeanClass()).isEqualTo(beanClass));
+			};
+		}
+
 		@Test
 		void processAheadOfTimeWhenHasCglibProxyUseProxy() {
 			GenericApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
@@ -464,6 +506,47 @@ class ApplicationContextAotGeneratorTests {
 			});
 		}
 
+		@Test
+		void processAheadOfTimeWhenHasCglibProxyAndAutowiring() {
+			GenericApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
+			applicationContext.registerBean(AutowiredCglibConfiguration.class);
+			testCompiledResult(applicationContext, (initializer, compiled) -> {
+				GenericApplicationContext freshApplicationContext = toFreshApplicationContext(context -> {
+					context.setEnvironment(new MockEnvironment().withProperty("hello", "Hi"));
+					initializer.initialize(context);
+				});
+				assertThat(freshApplicationContext.getBean("text", String.class)).isEqualTo("Hi World");
+			});
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void processAheadOfTimeWhenHasCglibProxyAndMixedAutowiring() {
+			GenericApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
+			applicationContext.registerBean(AutowiredMixedCglibConfiguration.class);
+			testCompiledResult(applicationContext, (initializer, compiled) -> {
+				GenericApplicationContext freshApplicationContext = toFreshApplicationContext(context -> {
+					context.setEnvironment(new MockEnvironment().withProperty("hello", "Hi")
+							.withProperty("world", "AOT World"));
+					initializer.initialize(context);
+				});
+				assertThat(freshApplicationContext.getBean("text", String.class)).isEqualTo("Hi AOT World");
+			});
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void processAheadOfTimeWhenHasCglibProxyWithAnnotationsOnTheUserClasConstructor() {
+			GenericApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
+			applicationContext.registerBean("config", ValueCglibConfiguration.class);
+			testCompiledResult(applicationContext, (initializer, compiled) -> {
+				GenericApplicationContext freshApplicationContext = toFreshApplicationContext(context -> {
+					context.setEnvironment(new MockEnvironment().withProperty("name", "AOT World"));
+					initializer.initialize(context);
+				});
+				assertThat(freshApplicationContext.getBean(ValueCglibConfiguration.class)
+						.getName()).isEqualTo("AOT World");
+			});
+		}
+
 		@Test
 		void processAheadOfTimeWhenHasCglibProxyWithArgumentsUseProxy() {
 			GenericApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
@@ -487,6 +570,10 @@ class ApplicationContextAotGeneratorTests {
 					.accepts(generationContext.getRuntimeHints());
 		}
 
+		private String toCglibClassSimpleName(Class<?> configClass) {
+			return configClass.getSimpleName() + CGLIB_CONFIGURATION_CLASS_SUFFIX;
+		}
+
 	}
 
 	@Nested

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/event/test/EventCollector.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public class EventCollector {
 
 	/**
 	 * Return the events that the specified listener has received. The list of events
-	 * is ordered according to their reception order.
+	 * is ordered according to the order in which they were received.
 	 */
 	public List<Object> getEvents(Identifiable listener) {
 		return this.content.get(listener.getId());

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/format/datetime/standard/DurationFormatterUtilsTests.java

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ import static org.springframework.format.annotation.DurationFormat.Style.SIMPLE;
 class DurationFormatterUtilsTests {
 
 	@ParameterizedTest
-	@EnumSource(DurationFormat.Style.class)
+	@EnumSource
 	void parseEmptyStringFailsWithDedicatedException(DurationFormat.Style style) {
 		assertThatIllegalArgumentException()
 				.isThrownBy(() -> DurationFormatterUtils.parse("", style))
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class DurationFormatterUtilsTests {
 	}
 
 	@ParameterizedTest
-	@EnumSource(DurationFormat.Style.class)
+	@EnumSource
 	void parseNullStringFailsWithDedicatedException(DurationFormat.Style style) {
 		assertThatIllegalArgumentException()
 				.isThrownBy(() -> DurationFormatterUtils.parse(null, style))
@@ -113,29 +113,30 @@ class DurationFormatterUtilsTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void parseIsoNoChronoUnit() {
-		//these are based on the examples given in Duration.parse
-//		"PT20.345S" -- parses as "20.345 seconds"
+		// These are based on the examples given in Duration.parse.
+
+		// "PT20.345S" -- parses as "20.345 seconds"
 		assertThat(DurationFormatterUtils.parse("PT20.345S", ISO8601))
 				.hasMillis(20345);
-//     "PT15M"     -- parses as "15 minutes" (where a minute is 60 seconds)
+		// "PT15M"     -- parses as "15 minutes" (where a minute is 60 seconds)
 		assertThat(DurationFormatterUtils.parse("PT15M", ISO8601))
 				.hasSeconds(15*60);
-//     "PT10H"     -- parses as "10 hours" (where an hour is 3600 seconds)
+		// "PT10H"     -- parses as "10 hours" (where an hour is 3600 seconds)
 		assertThat(DurationFormatterUtils.parse("PT10H", ISO8601))
 				.hasHours(10);
-//     "P2D"       -- parses as "2 days" (where a day is 24 hours or 86400 seconds)
+		// "P2D"       -- parses as "2 days" (where a day is 24 hours or 86400 seconds)
 		assertThat(DurationFormatterUtils.parse("P2D", ISO8601))
 				.hasDays(2);
-//     "P2DT3H4M"  -- parses as "2 days, 3 hours and 4 minutes"
+		// "P2DT3H4M"  -- parses as "2 days, 3 hours and 4 minutes"
 		assertThat(DurationFormatterUtils.parse("P2DT3H4M", ISO8601))
 				.isEqualTo(Duration.ofDays(2).plusHours(3).plusMinutes(4));
-//     "PT-6H3M"    -- parses as "-6 hours and +3 minutes"
+		// "PT-6H3M"   -- parses as "-6 hours and +3 minutes"
 		assertThat(DurationFormatterUtils.parse("PT-6H3M", ISO8601))
 				.isEqualTo(Duration.ofHours(-6).plusMinutes(3));
-//     "-PT6H3M"    -- parses as "-6 hours and -3 minutes"
+		// "-PT6H3M"   -- parses as "-6 hours and -3 minutes"
 		assertThat(DurationFormatterUtils.parse("-PT6H3M", ISO8601))
 				.isEqualTo(Duration.ofHours(-6).plusMinutes(-3));
-//     "-PT-6H+3M"  -- parses as "+6 hours and -3 minutes"
+		// "-PT-6H+3M" -- parses as "+6 hours and -3 minutes"
 		assertThat(DurationFormatterUtils.parse("-PT-6H+3M", ISO8601))
 				.isEqualTo(Duration.ofHours(6).plusMinutes(-3));
 	}
@@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ class DurationFormatterUtilsTests {
 				.isEqualTo(Duration.ofMinutes(34).plusSeconds(57));
 	}
 
-	@Test //Kotlin style compatibility
+	@Test // Kotlin style compatibility
 	void parseCompositeNegativeWithSpacesAndParenthesis() {
 		assertThat(DurationFormatterUtils.parse("-(34m 57s)", COMPOSITE))
 				.isEqualTo(Duration.ofMinutes(-34).plusSeconds(-57));
@@ -315,7 +316,7 @@ class DurationFormatterUtilsTests {
 
 		assertThat(DurationFormatterUtils.detect("-(1d 2h 34m 2ns)"))
 				.as("COMPOSITE")
-						.isEqualTo(COMPOSITE);
+				.isEqualTo(COMPOSITE);
 
 		assertThatIllegalArgumentException().isThrownBy(() -> DurationFormatterUtils.detect("WPT2H-4M"))
 				.withMessage("'WPT2H-4M' is not a valid duration, cannot detect any known style")

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorObservabilityTests.java

@@ -175,8 +175,7 @@ class ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessorObservabilityTests {
 	}
 
 	private TestObservationRegistryAssert.TestObservationRegistryAssertReturningObservationContextAssert assertThatTaskObservation() {
-		return TestObservationRegistryAssert.assertThat(this.observationRegistry)
-				.hasObservationWithNameEqualTo("tasks.scheduled.execution").that();
+		return assertThat(this.observationRegistry).hasObservationWithNameEqualTo("tasks.scheduled.execution").that();
 	}
 
 

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/scheduling/annotation/ScheduledAnnotationReactiveSupportTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -173,6 +173,17 @@ class ScheduledAnnotationReactiveSupportTests {
 		assertThat(p).hasToString("checkpoint(\"@Scheduled 'mono()' in 'org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationReactiveSupportTests$ReactiveMethods'\")");
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void shouldProvideToString() {
+		ReactiveMethods target = new ReactiveMethods();
+		Method m = ReflectionUtils.findMethod(ReactiveMethods.class, "mono");
+		Scheduled cron = AnnotationUtils.synthesizeAnnotation(Map.of("cron", "-"), Scheduled.class, null);
+		List<Runnable> tracker = new ArrayList<>();
+
+		assertThat(createSubscriptionRunnable(m, target, cron, () -> ObservationRegistry.NOOP, tracker))
+				.hasToString("org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationReactiveSupportTests$ReactiveMethods.mono");
+	}
+
 
 	static class ReactiveMethods {
 

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/scheduling/concurrent/AbstractSchedulingTaskExecutorTests.java

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ abstract class AbstractSchedulingTaskExecutorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	@SuppressWarnings({ "deprecation", "removal" })
+	@SuppressWarnings("removal")
 	void submitListenableRunnable() {
 		TestTask task = new TestTask(this.testName, 1);
 		// Act
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ abstract class AbstractSchedulingTaskExecutorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	@SuppressWarnings({ "deprecation", "removal" })
+	@SuppressWarnings("removal")
 	void submitFailingListenableRunnable() {
 		TestTask task = new TestTask(this.testName, 0);
 		org.springframework.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture<?> future = executor.submitListenable(task);
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ abstract class AbstractSchedulingTaskExecutorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	@SuppressWarnings({ "deprecation", "removal" })
+	@SuppressWarnings("removal")
 	void submitListenableRunnableWithGetAfterShutdown() throws Exception {
 		org.springframework.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture<?> future1 = executor.submitListenable(new TestTask(this.testName, -1));
 		org.springframework.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture<?> future2 = executor.submitListenable(new TestTask(this.testName, -1));
@@ -209,18 +209,10 @@ abstract class AbstractSchedulingTaskExecutorTests {
 		CompletableFuture<?> future1 = executor.submitCompletable(new TestTask(this.testName, -1));
 		CompletableFuture<?> future2 = executor.submitCompletable(new TestTask(this.testName, -1));
 		shutdownExecutor();
-
-		try {
+		assertThatExceptionOfType(TimeoutException.class).isThrownBy(() -> {
 			future1.get(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
-		}
-		catch (Exception ex) {
-			// ignore
-		}
-		Awaitility.await()
-				.atMost(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
-				.pollInterval(10, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
-				.untilAsserted(() -> assertThatExceptionOfType(TimeoutException.class)
-						.isThrownBy(() -> future2.get(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)));
+			future2.get(1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -260,7 +252,7 @@ abstract class AbstractSchedulingTaskExecutorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	@SuppressWarnings({ "deprecation", "removal" })
+	@SuppressWarnings("removal")
 	void submitListenableCallable() {
 		TestCallable task = new TestCallable(this.testName, 1);
 		// Act
@@ -275,7 +267,7 @@ abstract class AbstractSchedulingTaskExecutorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	@SuppressWarnings({ "deprecation", "removal" })
+	@SuppressWarnings("removal")
 	void submitFailingListenableCallable() {
 		TestCallable task = new TestCallable(this.testName, 0);
 		// Act
@@ -291,7 +283,7 @@ abstract class AbstractSchedulingTaskExecutorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	@SuppressWarnings({ "deprecation", "removal" })
+	@SuppressWarnings("removal")
 	void submitListenableCallableWithGetAfterShutdown() throws Exception {
 		org.springframework.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture<?> future1 = executor.submitListenable(new TestCallable(this.testName, -1));
 		org.springframework.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture<?> future2 = executor.submitListenable(new TestCallable(this.testName, -1));

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/scheduling/config/TaskTests.java

@@ -16,8 +16,12 @@
 
 package org.springframework.scheduling.config;
 
+import io.micrometer.observation.tck.TestObservationRegistry;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
+import org.springframework.scheduling.SchedulingAwareRunnable;
+import org.springframework.scheduling.support.ScheduledMethodRunnable;
+
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatIllegalArgumentException;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatIllegalStateException;
@@ -72,6 +76,18 @@ class TaskTests {
 		assertThat(executionOutcome.throwable()).isInstanceOf(IllegalStateException.class);
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void shouldDelegateToSchedulingAwareRunnable() throws Exception {
+		ScheduledMethodRunnable methodRunnable = new ScheduledMethodRunnable(new TestRunnable(),
+				TestRunnable.class.getMethod("run"), "myScheduler", TestObservationRegistry::create);
+		Task task = new Task(methodRunnable);
+
+		assertThat(task.getRunnable()).isInstanceOf(SchedulingAwareRunnable.class);
+		SchedulingAwareRunnable actual = (SchedulingAwareRunnable) task.getRunnable();
+		assertThat(actual.getQualifier()).isEqualTo(methodRunnable.getQualifier());
+		assertThat(actual.isLongLived()).isEqualTo(methodRunnable.isLongLived());
+	}
+
 
 	static class TestRunnable implements Runnable {
 

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/validation/beanvalidation/BeanValidationBeanRegistrationAotProcessorTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.Target;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
 
 import jakarta.validation.Constraint;
 import jakarta.validation.ConstraintValidator;
@@ -31,6 +33,8 @@ import jakarta.validation.Valid;
 import jakarta.validation.constraints.Pattern;
 import org.hibernate.validator.internal.constraintvalidators.bv.PatternValidator;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
 
 import org.springframework.aot.generate.GenerationContext;
 import org.springframework.aot.hint.MemberCategory;
@@ -40,6 +44,7 @@ import org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanRegistrationAotContribution;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RegisteredBean;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;
+import org.springframework.core.OverridingClassLoader;
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 
 import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE;
@@ -121,6 +126,23 @@ class BeanValidationBeanRegistrationAotProcessorTests {
 				.withMemberCategory(MemberCategory.INVOKE_DECLARED_CONSTRUCTORS)).accepts(this.generationContext.getRuntimeHints());
 	}
 
+	@ParameterizedTest  // gh-33936
+	@ValueSource(classes = {BeanWithRecursiveIterable.class, BeanWithRecursiveMap.class, BeanWithRecursiveOptional.class})
+	void shouldProcessRecursiveGenericsWithoutInfiniteRecursion(Class<?> beanClass) {
+		process(beanClass);
+		assertThat(this.generationContext.getRuntimeHints().reflection().typeHints()).hasSize(1);
+		assertThat(RuntimeHintsPredicates.reflection().onType(beanClass)
+				.withMemberCategory(MemberCategory.DECLARED_FIELDS)).accepts(this.generationContext.getRuntimeHints());
+	}
+
+	@Test  // gh-33940
+	void shouldSkipConstraintWithMissingDependency() throws Exception {
+		MissingDependencyClassLoader classLoader = new MissingDependencyClassLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());
+		Class<?> beanClass = classLoader.loadClass(ConstraintWithMissingDependency.class.getName());
+		process(beanClass);
+		assertThat(this.generationContext.getRuntimeHints().reflection().typeHints()).isEmpty();
+	}
+
 	private void process(Class<?> beanClass) {
 		BeanRegistrationAotContribution contribution = createContribution(beanClass);
 		if (contribution != null) {
@@ -244,4 +266,43 @@ class BeanValidationBeanRegistrationAotProcessorTests {
 		}
 	}
 
+	static class BeanWithRecursiveIterable {
+		Iterable<BeanWithRecursiveIterable> iterable;
+	}
+
+	static class BeanWithRecursiveMap {
+		Map<BeanWithRecursiveMap, BeanWithRecursiveMap> map;
+	}
+
+	static class BeanWithRecursiveOptional {
+		Optional<BeanWithRecursiveOptional> optional;
+	}
+
+	static class ConstraintWithMissingDependency {
+
+		MissingType missingType;
+	}
+
+	static class MissingType {}
+
+	static class MissingDependencyClassLoader extends OverridingClassLoader {
+
+		MissingDependencyClassLoader(ClassLoader parent) {
+			super(parent);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected boolean isEligibleForOverriding(String className) {
+			return className.startsWith(BeanValidationBeanRegistrationAotProcessorTests.class.getName());
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected Class<?> loadClassForOverriding(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
+			if (name.contains("MissingType")) {
+				throw new NoClassDefFoundError(name);
+			}
+			return super.loadClassForOverriding(name);
+		}
+	}
+
 }

spring-context/src/testFixtures/java/org/springframework/context/testfixture/context/annotation/AutowiredCglibConfiguration.java

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.context.testfixture.context.annotation;
+
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
+
+@Configuration
+public class AutowiredCglibConfiguration {
+
+	@Autowired
+	private Environment environment;
+
+	@Bean
+	public String text() {
+		return this.environment.getProperty("hello") + " World";
+	}
+
+}

spring-context/src/testFixtures/java/org/springframework/context/testfixture/context/annotation/AutowiredMixedCglibConfiguration.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.context.testfixture.context.annotation;
+
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
+
+@Configuration
+public class AutowiredMixedCglibConfiguration {
+
+	@Value("${world:World}")
+	private String world;
+
+	private final Environment environment;
+
+	public AutowiredMixedCglibConfiguration(Environment environment) {
+		this.environment = environment;
+	}
+
+	@Bean
+	public String text() {
+		return this.environment.getProperty("hello") + " " + this.world;
+	}
+
+}

spring-context/src/testFixtures/java/org/springframework/context/testfixture/context/annotation/ValueCglibConfiguration.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.context.testfixture.context.annotation;
+
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+
+@Configuration
+public class ValueCglibConfiguration {
+
+	private final String name;
+
+	public ValueCglibConfiguration(@Value("${name:World}") String name) {
+		this.name = name;
+	}
+
+	public String getName() {
+		return this.name;
+	}
+}

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/aot/hint/MemberCategory.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -124,6 +124,14 @@ public enum MemberCategory {
 	 * reflection for inner classes but rather makes sure they are available
 	 * via a call to {@link Class#getDeclaredClasses}.
 	 */
-	DECLARED_CLASSES
+	DECLARED_CLASSES,
+
+	/**
+	 * A category that represents the need for
+	 * {@link sun.misc.Unsafe#allocateInstance(Class) unsafe allocation}
+	 * for this type.
+	 * @since 6.2.1
+	 */
+	UNSAFE_ALLOCATED
 
 }

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/aot/nativex/ReflectionHintsWriter.java

@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ class ReflectionHintsWriter {
 								attributes.put("allDeclaredMethods", true);
 						case PUBLIC_CLASSES -> attributes.put("allPublicClasses", true);
 						case DECLARED_CLASSES -> attributes.put("allDeclaredClasses", true);
+						case UNSAFE_ALLOCATED -> attributes.put("unsafeAllocated", true);
 					}
 				}
 		);

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/CoroutinesUtils.java

@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ import kotlinx.coroutines.reactor.ReactorFlowKt;
 import org.reactivestreams.Publisher;
 import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
 import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
-import reactor.core.publisher.SynchronousSink;
 
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
@@ -109,7 +108,7 @@ public abstract class CoroutinesUtils {
 	 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code method} is not a suspending function
 	 * @since 6.0
 	 */
-	@SuppressWarnings({"deprecation", "DataFlowIssue", "NullAway"})
+	@SuppressWarnings({"DataFlowIssue", "NullAway"})
 	public static Publisher<?> invokeSuspendingFunction(
 			CoroutineContext context, Method method, @Nullable Object target, @Nullable Object... args) {
 
@@ -146,7 +145,7 @@ public abstract class CoroutinesUtils {
 					}
 					return KCallables.callSuspendBy(function, argMap, continuation);
 				})
-				.handle(CoroutinesUtils::handleResult)
+				.filter(result -> result != Unit.INSTANCE)
 				.onErrorMap(InvocationTargetException.class, InvocationTargetException::getTargetException);
 
 		KType returnType = function.getReturnType();
@@ -166,22 +165,4 @@ public abstract class CoroutinesUtils {
 		return ReactorFlowKt.asFlux(((Flow<?>) flow));
 	}
 
-	private static void handleResult(Object result, SynchronousSink<Object> sink) {
-		if (result == Unit.INSTANCE) {
-			sink.complete();
-		}
-		else if (KotlinDetector.isInlineClass(result.getClass())) {
-			try {
-				sink.next(result.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("unbox-impl").invoke(result));
-				sink.complete();
-			}
-			catch (NoSuchMethodException | InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException ex) {
-				sink.error(ex);
-			}
-		}
-		else {
-			sink.next(result);
-			sink.complete();
-		}
-	}
 }

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/ResolvableType.java

@@ -334,19 +334,19 @@ public class ResolvableType implements Serializable {
 
 		// Deal with wildcard bounds
 		WildcardBounds ourBounds = WildcardBounds.get(this);
-		WildcardBounds typeBounds = WildcardBounds.get(other);
+		WildcardBounds otherBounds = WildcardBounds.get(other);
 
 		// In the form X is assignable to <? extends Number>
-		if (typeBounds != null) {
+		if (otherBounds != null) {
 			if (ourBounds != null) {
-				return (ourBounds.isSameKind(typeBounds) &&
-						ourBounds.isAssignableFrom(typeBounds.getBounds(), matchedBefore));
+				return (ourBounds.isSameKind(otherBounds) &&
+						ourBounds.isAssignableFrom(otherBounds.getBounds(), matchedBefore));
 			}
 			else if (upUntilUnresolvable) {
-				return typeBounds.isAssignableFrom(this, matchedBefore);
+				return otherBounds.isAssignableFrom(this, matchedBefore);
 			}
 			else if (!exactMatch) {
-				return typeBounds.isAssignableTo(this, matchedBefore);
+				return otherBounds.isAssignableTo(this, matchedBefore);
 			}
 			else {
 				return false;
@@ -400,8 +400,8 @@ public class ResolvableType implements Serializable {
 		if (checkGenerics) {
 			// Recursively check each generic
 			ResolvableType[] ourGenerics = getGenerics();
-			ResolvableType[] typeGenerics = other.as(ourResolved).getGenerics();
-			if (ourGenerics.length != typeGenerics.length) {
+			ResolvableType[] otherGenerics = other.as(ourResolved).getGenerics();
+			if (ourGenerics.length != otherGenerics.length) {
 				return false;
 			}
 			if (ourGenerics.length > 0) {
@@ -410,7 +410,8 @@ public class ResolvableType implements Serializable {
 				}
 				matchedBefore.put(this.type, other.type);
 				for (int i = 0; i < ourGenerics.length; i++) {
-					if (!ourGenerics[i].isAssignableFrom(typeGenerics[i], true, matchedBefore, upUntilUnresolvable)) {
+					if (!ourGenerics[i].isAssignableFrom(otherGenerics[i],
+							!other.hasUnresolvableGenerics(), matchedBefore, upUntilUnresolvable)) {
 						return false;
 					}
 				}

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/convert/TypeDescriptor.java

@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ import org.springframework.lang.Contract;
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
-import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
 
 /**
  * Contextual descriptor about a type to convert from or to.
@@ -501,16 +500,7 @@ public class TypeDescriptor implements Serializable {
 		if (!annotationsMatch(otherDesc)) {
 			return false;
 		}
-		if (isCollection() || isArray()) {
-			return ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(getElementTypeDescriptor(), otherDesc.getElementTypeDescriptor());
-		}
-		else if (isMap()) {
-			return (ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(getMapKeyTypeDescriptor(), otherDesc.getMapKeyTypeDescriptor()) &&
-					ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(getMapValueTypeDescriptor(), otherDesc.getMapValueTypeDescriptor()));
-		}
-		else {
-			return Arrays.equals(getResolvableType().getGenerics(), otherDesc.getResolvableType().getGenerics());
-		}
+		return Arrays.equals(getResolvableType().getGenerics(), otherDesc.getResolvableType().getGenerics());
 	}
 
 	private boolean annotationsMatch(TypeDescriptor otherDesc) {

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/io/support/PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver.java

@@ -978,8 +978,8 @@ public class PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver implements ResourcePatternResol
 		}
 
 		if (!Files.exists(rootPath)) {
-			if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
-				logger.info("Skipping search for files matching pattern [%s]: directory [%s] does not exist"
+			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+				logger.debug("Skipping search for files matching pattern [%s]: directory [%s] does not exist"
 						.formatted(subPattern, rootPath.toAbsolutePath()));
 			}
 			return result;

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/CompositeMap.java

@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ import java.util.function.Consumer;
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 
 /**
- * Composite map that combines two other maps. This type is created via
+ * Composite map that combines two other maps.
+ *
+ * <p>This type is created via
  * {@link CollectionUtils#compositeMap(Map, Map, BiFunction, Consumer)}.
  *
  * @author Arjen Poutsma

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/FastByteArrayOutputStream.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -98,13 +98,11 @@ public class FastByteArrayOutputStream extends OutputStream {
 		if (this.closed) {
 			throw new IOException("Stream closed");
 		}
-		else {
-			if (this.buffers.peekLast() == null || this.buffers.getLast().length == this.index) {
-				addBuffer(1);
-			}
-			// store the byte
-			this.buffers.getLast()[this.index++] = (byte) datum;
+		if (this.buffers.peekLast() == null || this.buffers.getLast().length == this.index) {
+			addBuffer(1);
 		}
+		// store the byte
+		this.buffers.getLast()[this.index++] = (byte) datum;
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -384,22 +382,20 @@ public class FastByteArrayOutputStream extends OutputStream {
 				// This stream doesn't have any data in it...
 				return -1;
 			}
+			if (this.nextIndexInCurrentBuffer < this.currentBufferLength) {
+				this.totalBytesRead++;
+				return this.currentBuffer[this.nextIndexInCurrentBuffer++] & 0xFF;
+			}
 			else {
-				if (this.nextIndexInCurrentBuffer < this.currentBufferLength) {
-					this.totalBytesRead++;
-					return this.currentBuffer[this.nextIndexInCurrentBuffer++] & 0xFF;
+				if (this.buffersIterator.hasNext()) {
+					this.currentBuffer = this.buffersIterator.next();
+					updateCurrentBufferLength();
+					this.nextIndexInCurrentBuffer = 0;
 				}
 				else {
-					if (this.buffersIterator.hasNext()) {
-						this.currentBuffer = this.buffersIterator.next();
-						updateCurrentBufferLength();
-						this.nextIndexInCurrentBuffer = 0;
-					}
-					else {
-						this.currentBuffer = null;
-					}
-					return read();
+					this.currentBuffer = null;
 				}
+				return read();
 			}
 		}
 

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/FilteredIterator.java

@@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ import java.util.function.Predicate;
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 
 /**
- * Iterator that filters out values that do not match a predicate.
- * This type is used by {@link CompositeMap}.
+ * {@link Iterator} that filters out values that do not match a predicate.
+ *
+ * <p>This type is used by {@link CompositeMap}.
  *
  * @author Arjen Poutsma
  * @since 6.2
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ final class FilteredIterator<E> implements Iterator<E> {
 	@Nullable
 	private E next;
 
-	private boolean nextSet;
+	private boolean hasNext;
 
 
 	public FilteredIterator(Iterator<E> delegate, Predicate<E> filter) {
@@ -52,22 +53,15 @@ final class FilteredIterator<E> implements Iterator<E> {
 
 	@Override
 	public boolean hasNext() {
-		if (this.nextSet) {
-			return true;
-		}
-		else {
-			return setNext();
-		}
+		return (this.hasNext || setNext());
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public E next() {
-		if (!this.nextSet) {
-			if (!setNext()) {
-				throw new NoSuchElementException();
-			}
+		if (!this.hasNext && !setNext()) {
+			throw new NoSuchElementException();
 		}
-		this.nextSet = false;
+		this.hasNext = false;
 		Assert.state(this.next != null, "Next should not be null");
 		return this.next;
 	}
@@ -77,7 +71,7 @@ final class FilteredIterator<E> implements Iterator<E> {
 			E next = this.delegate.next();
 			if (this.filter.test(next)) {
 				this.next = next;
-				this.nextSet = true;
+				this.hasNext = true;
 				return true;
 			}
 		}

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/MethodInvoker.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -226,14 +226,12 @@ public class MethodInvoker {
 		Method matchingMethod = null;
 
 		for (Method candidate : candidates) {
-			if (candidate.getName().equals(targetMethod)) {
-				if (candidate.getParameterCount() == argCount) {
-					Class<?>[] paramTypes = candidate.getParameterTypes();
-					int typeDiffWeight = getTypeDifferenceWeight(paramTypes, arguments);
-					if (typeDiffWeight < minTypeDiffWeight) {
-						minTypeDiffWeight = typeDiffWeight;
-						matchingMethod = candidate;
-					}
+			if (candidate.getName().equals(targetMethod) && candidate.getParameterCount() == argCount) {
+				Class<?>[] paramTypes = candidate.getParameterTypes();
+				int typeDiffWeight = getTypeDifferenceWeight(paramTypes, arguments);
+				if (typeDiffWeight < minTypeDiffWeight) {
+					minTypeDiffWeight = typeDiffWeight;
+					matchingMethod = candidate;
 				}
 			}
 		}

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/MimeType.java

@@ -243,9 +243,7 @@ public class MimeType implements Comparable<MimeType>, Serializable {
 		if (s.length() < 2) {
 			return false;
 		}
-		else {
-			return ((s.startsWith("\"") && s.endsWith("\"")) || (s.startsWith("'") && s.endsWith("'")));
-		}
+		return ((s.startsWith("\"") && s.endsWith("\"")) || (s.startsWith("'") && s.endsWith("'")));
 	}
 
 	protected String unquote(String s) {

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/NumberUtils.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -110,10 +110,8 @@ public abstract class NumberUtils {
 				// do not lose precision - use BigDecimal's own conversion
 				return (T) bigDecimal.toBigInteger();
 			}
-			else {
-				// original value is not a Big* number - use standard long conversion
-				return (T) BigInteger.valueOf(number.longValue());
-			}
+			// original value is not a Big* number - use standard long conversion
+			return (T) BigInteger.valueOf(number.longValue());
 		}
 		else if (Float.class == targetClass) {
 			return (T) Float.valueOf(number.floatValue());

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/ObjectUtils.java

@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ public abstract class ObjectUtils {
 	 * @see CollectionUtils#isEmpty(java.util.Collection)
 	 * @see CollectionUtils#isEmpty(java.util.Map)
 	 */
+	@Contract("null -> true")
 	public static boolean isEmpty(@Nullable Object obj) {
 		if (obj == null) {
 			return true;
@@ -702,8 +703,7 @@ public abstract class ObjectUtils {
 		if (array == null) {
 			return NULL_STRING;
 		}
-		int length = array.length;
-		if (length == 0) {
+		if (array.length == 0) {
 			return EMPTY_ARRAY;
 		}
 		StringJoiner stringJoiner = new StringJoiner(ARRAY_ELEMENT_SEPARATOR, ARRAY_START, ARRAY_END);
@@ -726,8 +726,7 @@ public abstract class ObjectUtils {
 		if (array == null) {
 			return NULL_STRING;
 		}
-		int length = array.length;
-		if (length == 0) {
+		if (array.length == 0) {
 			return EMPTY_ARRAY;
 		}
 		StringJoiner stringJoiner = new StringJoiner(ARRAY_ELEMENT_SEPARATOR, ARRAY_START, ARRAY_END);
@@ -750,8 +749,7 @@ public abstract class ObjectUtils {
 		if (array == null) {
 			return NULL_STRING;
 		}
-		int length = array.length;
-		if (length == 0) {
+		if (array.length == 0) {
 			return EMPTY_ARRAY;
 		}
 		StringJoiner stringJoiner = new StringJoiner(ARRAY_ELEMENT_SEPARATOR, ARRAY_START, ARRAY_END);
@@ -774,8 +772,7 @@ public abstract class ObjectUtils {
 		if (array == null) {
 			return NULL_STRING;
 		}
-		int length = array.length;
-		if (length == 0) {
+		if (array.length == 0) {
 			return EMPTY_ARRAY;
 		}
 		StringJoiner stringJoiner = new StringJoiner(ARRAY_ELEMENT_SEPARATOR, ARRAY_START, ARRAY_END);
@@ -798,8 +795,7 @@ public abstract class ObjectUtils {
 		if (array == null) {
 			return NULL_STRING;
 		}
-		int length = array.length;
-		if (length == 0) {
+		if (array.length == 0) {
 			return EMPTY_ARRAY;
 		}
 		StringJoiner stringJoiner = new StringJoiner(ARRAY_ELEMENT_SEPARATOR, ARRAY_START, ARRAY_END);
@@ -846,8 +842,7 @@ public abstract class ObjectUtils {
 		if (array == null) {
 			return NULL_STRING;
 		}
-		int length = array.length;
-		if (length == 0) {
+		if (array.length == 0) {
 			return EMPTY_ARRAY;
 		}
 		StringJoiner stringJoiner = new StringJoiner(ARRAY_ELEMENT_SEPARATOR, ARRAY_START, ARRAY_END);

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/PlaceholderParser.java

@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ final class PlaceholderParser {
 			if (!parts.isEmpty()) {
 				Part current = parts.removeLast();
 				if (current instanceof TextPart textPart) {
-					parts.add(new TextPart(textPart.text + text));
+					parts.add(new TextPart(textPart.text() + text));
 				}
 				else {
 					parts.add(current);
@@ -420,51 +420,42 @@ final class PlaceholderParser {
 
 
 	/**
-	 * A {@link Part} implementation that does not contain a valid placeholder.
-	 * @param text the raw (and resolved) text
+	 * A base {@link Part} implementation.
 	 */
-	record TextPart(String text) implements Part {
+	abstract static class AbstractPart implements Part {
+
+		private final String text;
+
+		protected AbstractPart(String text) {
+			this.text = text;
+		}
 
 		@Override
-		public String resolve(PartResolutionContext resolutionContext) {
+		public String text() {
 			return this.text;
 		}
-	}
-
-
-	/**
-	 * A {@link Part} implementation that represents a single placeholder with
-	 * a hard-coded fallback.
-	 * @param text the raw text
-	 * @param key the key of the placeholder
-	 * @param fallback the fallback to use, if any
-	 */
-	record SimplePlaceholderPart(String text, String key, @Nullable String fallback) implements Part {
-
-		@Override
-		public String resolve(PartResolutionContext resolutionContext) {
-			String resolvedValue = resolveToText(resolutionContext, this.key);
-			if (resolvedValue != null) {
-				return resolvedValue;
-			}
-			else if (this.fallback != null) {
-				return this.fallback;
-			}
-			return resolutionContext.handleUnresolvablePlaceholder(this.key, this.text);
-		}
 
+		/**
+		 * Resolve the placeholder with the given {@code key}. If the result of such
+		 * resolution return other placeholders, those are resolved as well until the
+		 * resolution no longer contains any placeholders.
+		 * @param resolutionContext the resolution context to use
+		 * @param key the initial placeholder
+		 * @return the full resolution of the given {@code key} or {@code null} if
+		 * the placeholder has no value to begin with
+		 */
 		@Nullable
-		private String resolveToText(PartResolutionContext resolutionContext, String text) {
-			String resolvedValue = resolutionContext.resolvePlaceholder(text);
+		protected String resolveRecursively(PartResolutionContext resolutionContext, String key) {
+			String resolvedValue = resolutionContext.resolvePlaceholder(key);
 			if (resolvedValue != null) {
-				resolutionContext.flagPlaceholderAsVisited(text);
+				resolutionContext.flagPlaceholderAsVisited(key);
 				// Let's check if we need to recursively resolve that value
 				List<Part> nestedParts = resolutionContext.parse(resolvedValue);
 				String value = toText(nestedParts);
 				if (!isTextOnly(nestedParts)) {
 					value = new ParsedValue(resolvedValue, nestedParts).resolve(resolutionContext);
 				}
-				resolutionContext.removePlaceholder(text);
+				resolutionContext.removePlaceholder(key);
 				return value;
 			}
 			// Not found
@@ -483,26 +474,97 @@ final class PlaceholderParser {
 	}
 
 
+	/**
+	 * A {@link Part} implementation that does not contain a valid placeholder.
+	 */
+	static class TextPart extends AbstractPart {
+
+		/**
+		 * Create a new instance.
+		 * @param text the raw (and resolved) text
+		 */
+		public TextPart(String text) {
+			super(text);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public String resolve(PartResolutionContext resolutionContext) {
+			return text();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * A {@link Part} implementation that represents a single placeholder with
+	 * a hard-coded fallback.
+	 */
+	static class SimplePlaceholderPart extends AbstractPart {
+
+		private final String key;
+
+		@Nullable
+		private final String fallback;
+
+		/**
+		 * Create a new instance.
+		 * @param text the raw text
+		 * @param key the key of the placeholder
+		 * @param fallback the fallback to use, if any
+		 */
+		public SimplePlaceholderPart(String text,String key, @Nullable String fallback) {
+			super(text);
+			this.key = key;
+			this.fallback = fallback;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public String resolve(PartResolutionContext resolutionContext) {
+			String value = resolveRecursively(resolutionContext, this.key);
+			if (value != null) {
+				return value;
+			}
+			else if (this.fallback != null) {
+				return this.fallback;
+			}
+			return resolutionContext.handleUnresolvablePlaceholder(this.key, text());
+		}
+	}
+
+
 	/**
 	 * A {@link Part} implementation that represents a single placeholder
 	 * containing nested placeholders.
-	 * @param text the raw text of the root placeholder
-	 * @param keyParts the parts of the key
-	 * @param defaultParts the parts of the fallback, if any
 	 */
-	record NestedPlaceholderPart(String text, List<Part> keyParts, @Nullable List<Part> defaultParts) implements Part {
+	static class NestedPlaceholderPart extends AbstractPart {
+
+		private final List<Part> keyParts;
+
+		@Nullable
+		private final List<Part> defaultParts;
+
+		/**
+		 * Create a new instance.
+		 * @param text the raw text of the root placeholder
+		 * @param keyParts the parts of the key
+		 * @param defaultParts the parts of the fallback, if any
+		 */
+		NestedPlaceholderPart(String text, List<Part> keyParts, @Nullable List<Part> defaultParts) {
+			super(text);
+			this.keyParts = keyParts;
+			this.defaultParts = defaultParts;
+		}
 
 		@Override
 		public String resolve(PartResolutionContext resolutionContext) {
 			String resolvedKey = Part.resolveAll(this.keyParts, resolutionContext);
-			String value = resolutionContext.resolvePlaceholder(resolvedKey);
+			String value = resolveRecursively(resolutionContext, resolvedKey);
 			if (value != null) {
 				return value;
 			}
 			else if (this.defaultParts != null) {
 				return Part.resolveAll(this.defaultParts, resolutionContext);
 			}
-			return resolutionContext.handleUnresolvablePlaceholder(resolvedKey, this.text);
+			return resolutionContext.handleUnresolvablePlaceholder(resolvedKey, text());
 		}
 	}
 

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/aot/nativex/ReflectionHintsWriterTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class ReflectionHintsWriterTests {
 						MemberCategory.INVOKE_PUBLIC_CONSTRUCTORS, MemberCategory.INVOKE_DECLARED_CONSTRUCTORS,
 						MemberCategory.INTROSPECT_PUBLIC_METHODS, MemberCategory.INTROSPECT_DECLARED_METHODS,
 						MemberCategory.INVOKE_PUBLIC_METHODS, MemberCategory.INVOKE_DECLARED_METHODS,
-						MemberCategory.PUBLIC_CLASSES, MemberCategory.DECLARED_CLASSES)
+						MemberCategory.PUBLIC_CLASSES, MemberCategory.DECLARED_CLASSES, MemberCategory.UNSAFE_ALLOCATED)
 				.withField("DEFAULT_CHARSET")
 				.withField("defaultCharset")
 				.withField("aScore")
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ class ReflectionHintsWriterTests {
 						"allDeclaredMethods": true,
 						"allPublicClasses": true,
 						"allDeclaredClasses": true,
+						"unsafeAllocated": true,
 						"fields": [
 							{ "name": "aScore" },
 							{ "name": "DEFAULT_CHARSET" },

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/ResolvableTypeTests.java

@@ -1188,6 +1188,26 @@ class ResolvableTypeTests {
 		assertThatResolvableType(complex4).isNotAssignableFrom(complex3);
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void isAssignableFromForUnresolvedWildcards() {
+		ResolvableType wildcard = ResolvableType.forInstance(new Wildcard<>());
+		ResolvableType wildcardFixed = ResolvableType.forInstance(new WildcardFixed());
+		ResolvableType wildcardConcrete = ResolvableType.forClassWithGenerics(Wildcard.class, Number.class);
+
+		assertThat(wildcard.isAssignableFrom(wildcardFixed)).isTrue();
+		assertThat(wildcard.isAssignableFromResolvedPart(wildcardFixed)).isTrue();
+		assertThat(wildcard.isAssignableFrom(wildcardConcrete)).isTrue();
+		assertThat(wildcard.isAssignableFromResolvedPart(wildcardConcrete)).isTrue();
+		assertThat(wildcardFixed.isAssignableFrom(wildcard)).isFalse();
+		assertThat(wildcardFixed.isAssignableFromResolvedPart(wildcard)).isFalse();
+		assertThat(wildcardFixed.isAssignableFrom(wildcardConcrete)).isFalse();
+		assertThat(wildcardFixed.isAssignableFromResolvedPart(wildcardConcrete)).isFalse();
+		assertThat(wildcardConcrete.isAssignableFrom(wildcard)).isTrue();
+		assertThat(wildcardConcrete.isAssignableFromResolvedPart(wildcard)).isTrue();
+		assertThat(wildcardConcrete.isAssignableFrom(wildcardFixed)).isFalse();
+		assertThat(wildcardConcrete.isAssignableFromResolvedPart(wildcardFixed)).isFalse();
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void identifyTypeVariable() throws Exception {
 		Method method = ClassArguments.class.getMethod("typedArgumentFirst", Class.class, Class.class, Class.class);
@@ -1367,6 +1387,30 @@ class ResolvableTypeTests {
 		assertThat(type.hasUnresolvableGenerics()).isFalse();
 	}
 
+	@Test  // gh-33932
+	void recursiveType() {
+		assertThat(ResolvableType.forClass(RecursiveMap.class)).isEqualTo(
+				ResolvableType.forClass(RecursiveMap.class));
+
+		ResolvableType resolvableType1 = ResolvableType.forClassWithGenerics(Map.class,
+				String.class, RecursiveMap.class);
+		ResolvableType resolvableType2 = ResolvableType.forClassWithGenerics(Map.class,
+				String.class, RecursiveMap.class);
+		assertThat(resolvableType1).isEqualTo(resolvableType2);
+	}
+
+	@Test  // gh-33932
+	void recursiveTypeWithInterface() {
+		assertThat(ResolvableType.forClass(RecursiveMapWithInterface.class)).isEqualTo(
+				ResolvableType.forClass(RecursiveMapWithInterface.class));
+
+		ResolvableType resolvableType1 = ResolvableType.forClassWithGenerics(Map.class,
+				String.class, RecursiveMapWithInterface.class);
+		ResolvableType resolvableType2 = ResolvableType.forClassWithGenerics(Map.class,
+				String.class, RecursiveMapWithInterface.class);
+		assertThat(resolvableType1).isEqualTo(resolvableType2);
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void spr11219() throws Exception {
 		ResolvableType type = ResolvableType.forField(BaseProvider.class.getField("stuff"), BaseProvider.class);
@@ -1685,7 +1729,6 @@ class ResolvableTypeTests {
 		}
 	}
 
-
 	public class MySimpleInterfaceType implements MyInterfaceType<String> {
 	}
 
@@ -1695,7 +1738,6 @@ class ResolvableTypeTests {
 	public abstract class ExtendsMySimpleInterfaceTypeWithImplementsRaw extends MySimpleInterfaceTypeWithImplementsRaw {
 	}
 
-
 	public class MyCollectionInterfaceType implements MyInterfaceType<Collection<String>> {
 	}
 
@@ -1703,20 +1745,17 @@ class ResolvableTypeTests {
 	public abstract class MySuperclassType<T> {
 	}
 
-
 	public class MySimpleSuperclassType extends MySuperclassType<String> {
 	}
 
-
 	public class MyCollectionSuperclassType extends MySuperclassType<Collection<String>> {
 	}
 
 
-	interface Wildcard<T extends Number> extends List<T> {
+	public class Wildcard<T extends Number> {
 	}
 
-
-	interface RawExtendsWildcard extends Wildcard {
+	public class WildcardFixed extends Wildcard<Integer> {
 	}
 
 
@@ -1821,6 +1860,16 @@ class ResolvableTypeTests {
 	}
 
 
+	@SuppressWarnings("serial")
+	static class RecursiveMap extends HashMap<String, RecursiveMap> {
+	}
+
+	@SuppressWarnings("serial")
+	static class RecursiveMapWithInterface extends HashMap<String, RecursiveMapWithInterface>
+			implements Map<String, RecursiveMapWithInterface> {
+	}
+
+
 	private static class ResolvableTypeAssert extends AbstractAssert<ResolvableTypeAssert, ResolvableType>{
 
 		public ResolvableTypeAssert(ResolvableType actual) {

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/convert/TypeDescriptorTests.java

@@ -770,6 +770,30 @@ class TypeDescriptorTests {
 		assertThat(td1).isNotEqualTo(td2);
 	}
 
+	@Test  // gh-33932
+	void recursiveType() {
+		assertThat(TypeDescriptor.valueOf(RecursiveMap.class)).isEqualTo(
+				TypeDescriptor.valueOf(RecursiveMap.class));
+
+		TypeDescriptor typeDescriptor1 = TypeDescriptor.map(Map.class,
+				TypeDescriptor.valueOf(String.class), TypeDescriptor.valueOf(RecursiveMap.class));
+		TypeDescriptor typeDescriptor2 = TypeDescriptor.map(Map.class,
+				TypeDescriptor.valueOf(String.class), TypeDescriptor.valueOf(RecursiveMap.class));
+		assertThat(typeDescriptor1).isEqualTo(typeDescriptor2);
+	}
+
+	@Test  // gh-33932
+	void recursiveTypeWithInterface() {
+		assertThat(TypeDescriptor.valueOf(RecursiveMapWithInterface.class)).isEqualTo(
+				TypeDescriptor.valueOf(RecursiveMapWithInterface.class));
+
+		TypeDescriptor typeDescriptor1 = TypeDescriptor.map(Map.class,
+				TypeDescriptor.valueOf(String.class), TypeDescriptor.valueOf(RecursiveMapWithInterface.class));
+		TypeDescriptor typeDescriptor2 = TypeDescriptor.map(Map.class,
+				TypeDescriptor.valueOf(String.class), TypeDescriptor.valueOf(RecursiveMapWithInterface.class));
+		assertThat(typeDescriptor1).isEqualTo(typeDescriptor2);
+	}
+
 
 	// Methods designed for test introspection
 
@@ -987,6 +1011,16 @@ class TypeDescriptorTests {
 	}
 
 
+	@SuppressWarnings("serial")
+	static class RecursiveMap extends HashMap<String, RecursiveMap> {
+	}
+
+	@SuppressWarnings("serial")
+	static class RecursiveMapWithInterface extends HashMap<String, RecursiveMapWithInterface>
+			implements Map<String, RecursiveMapWithInterface> {
+	}
+
+
 	// Annotations used on tested elements
 
 	@Target({ElementType.PARAMETER})

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/util/PlaceholderParserTests.java

@@ -210,6 +210,8 @@ class PlaceholderParserTests {
 		static Stream<Arguments> nestedPlaceholders() {
 			return Stream.of(
 					Arguments.of("${p6}", "v1:v2:def"),
+					Arguments.of("${p6:not-used}", "v1:v2:def"),
+					Arguments.of("${p6:${invalid}}", "v1:v2:def"),
 					Arguments.of("${invalid:${p1}:${p2}}", "v1:v2"),
 					Arguments.of("${invalid:${p3}}", "v1:v2"),
 					Arguments.of("${invalid:${p4}}", "v1:v2"),

spring-core/src/test/kotlin/org/springframework/core/CoroutinesUtilsTests.kt

@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class CoroutinesUtilsTests {
 
 	@Test
 	fun invokeSuspendingFunctionWithValueClassParameter() {
-		val method = CoroutinesUtilsTests::class.java.declaredMethods.first { it.name.startsWith("suspendingFunctionWithValueClass") }
+		val method = CoroutinesUtilsTests::class.java.declaredMethods.first { it.name.startsWith("suspendingFunctionWithValueClassParameter") }
 		val mono = CoroutinesUtils.invokeSuspendingFunction(method, this, "foo", null) as Mono
 		runBlocking {
 			Assertions.assertThat(mono.awaitSingle()).isEqualTo("foo")
@@ -204,7 +204,16 @@ class CoroutinesUtilsTests {
 		val method = CoroutinesUtilsTests::class.java.declaredMethods.first { it.name.startsWith("suspendingFunctionWithValueClassReturnValue") }
 		val mono = CoroutinesUtils.invokeSuspendingFunction(method, this, null) as Mono
 		runBlocking {
-			Assertions.assertThat(mono.awaitSingle()).isEqualTo("foo")
+			Assertions.assertThat(mono.awaitSingle()).isEqualTo(ValueClass("foo"))
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	fun invokeSuspendingFunctionWithResultOfUnitReturnValue() {
+		val method = CoroutinesUtilsTests::class.java.declaredMethods.first { it.name.startsWith("suspendingFunctionWithResultOfUnitReturnValue") }
+		val mono = CoroutinesUtils.invokeSuspendingFunction(method, this, null) as Mono
+		runBlocking {
+			Assertions.assertThat(mono.awaitSingle()).isEqualTo(Result.success(Unit))
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -314,7 +323,7 @@ class CoroutinesUtilsTests {
 		return null
 	}
 
-	suspend fun suspendingFunctionWithValueClass(value: ValueClass): String {
+	suspend fun suspendingFunctionWithValueClassParameter(value: ValueClass): String {
 		delay(1)
 		return value.value
 	}
@@ -324,6 +333,11 @@ class CoroutinesUtilsTests {
 		return ValueClass("foo")
 	}
 
+	suspend fun suspendingFunctionWithResultOfUnitReturnValue(): Result<Unit> {
+		delay(1)
+		return Result.success(Unit)
+	}
+
 	suspend fun suspendingFunctionWithValueClassWithInit(value: ValueClassWithInit): String {
 		delay(1)
 		return value.value

spring-expression/src/test/java/org/springframework/expression/spel/ConstructorInvocationTests.java

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatException;
  * Tests invocation of constructors.
  *
  * @author Andy Clement
+ * @see MethodInvocationTests
+ * @see VariableAndFunctionTests
  */
 class ConstructorInvocationTests extends AbstractExpressionTests {
 

spring-expression/src/test/java/org/springframework/expression/spel/MethodInvocationTests.java

@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType;
  * @author Andy Clement
  * @author Phillip Webb
  * @author Sam Brannen
+ * @see ConstructorInvocationTests
+ * @see VariableAndFunctionTests
  */
 class MethodInvocationTests extends AbstractExpressionTests {
 

spring-expression/src/test/java/org/springframework/expression/spel/SpelDocumentationTests.java

@@ -21,10 +21,13 @@ import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
 import java.lang.invoke.MethodType;
 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 import example.Color;
 import example.FruitMap;
@@ -658,7 +661,8 @@ class SpelDocumentationTests extends AbstractExpressionTests {
 			MethodHandle methodHandle = MethodHandles.lookup().findVirtual(String.class, "formatted",
 				MethodType.methodType(String.class, Object[].class))
 					.bindTo(template)
-					.bindTo(varargs); // here we have to provide arguments in a single array binding
+					// Here we have to provide the arguments in a single array binding:
+					.bindTo(varargs);
 			context.registerFunction("message", methodHandle);
 
 			String message = parser.parseExpression("#message()").getValue(context, String.class);
@@ -666,6 +670,59 @@ class SpelDocumentationTests extends AbstractExpressionTests {
 		}
 	}
 
+	@Nested
+	class Varargs {
+
+		@Test
+		void varargsMethodInvocationWithIndividualArguments() {
+			// evaluates to "blue is color #1"
+			String expression = "'%s is color #%d'.formatted('blue', 1)";
+			String message = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+					.getValue(String.class);
+			assertThat(message).isEqualTo("blue is color #1");
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void varargsMethodInvocationWithArgumentsAsObjectArray() {
+			// evaluates to "blue is color #1"
+			String expression = "'%s is color #%d'.formatted(new Object[] {'blue', 1})";
+			String message = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+					.getValue(String.class);
+			assertThat(message).isEqualTo("blue is color #1");
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void varargsMethodInvocationWithArgumentsAsInlineList() {
+			// evaluates to "blue is color #1"
+			String expression = "'%s is color #%d'.formatted({'blue', 1})";
+			String message = parser.parseExpression(expression).getValue(String.class);
+			assertThat(message).isEqualTo("blue is color #1");
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void varargsMethodInvocationWithTypeConversion() {
+			Method reverseStringsMethod = ReflectionUtils.findMethod(StringUtils.class, "reverseStrings", String[].class);
+			SimpleEvaluationContext evaluationContext = SimpleEvaluationContext.forReadOnlyDataBinding().build();
+			evaluationContext.setVariable("reverseStrings", reverseStringsMethod);
+
+			// String reverseStrings(String... strings)
+			// evaluates to "3.0, 2.0, 1.0, SpEL"
+			String expression = "#reverseStrings('SpEL', 1, 10F / 5, 3.0000)";
+			String message = parser.parseExpression(expression)
+					.getValue(evaluationContext, String.class);
+			assertThat(message).isEqualTo("3.0, 2.0, 1, SpEL");
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void varargsMethodInvocationWithArgumentsAsStringArray() {
+			// evaluates to "blue is color #1"
+			String expression = "'%s is color #%s'.formatted(new String[] {'blue', 1})";
+			String message = parser.parseExpression(expression).getValue(String.class);
+			assertThat(message).isEqualTo("blue is color #1");
+		}
+
+	}
+
 	@Nested
 	class TernaryOperator {
 
@@ -905,6 +962,12 @@ class SpelDocumentationTests extends AbstractExpressionTests {
 		public static String reverseString(String input) {
 			return new StringBuilder(input).reverse().toString();
 		}
+
+		public static String reverseStrings(String... strings) {
+			List<String> list = Arrays.asList(strings);
+			Collections.reverse(list);
+			return list.stream().collect(Collectors.joining(", "));
+		}
 	}
 
 	private static class ListConcatenation implements OperatorOverloader {

spring-expression/src/test/java/org/springframework/expression/spel/VariableAndFunctionTests.java

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ import static org.springframework.expression.spel.SpelMessage.INCORRECT_NUMBER_O
  *
  * @author Andy Clement
  * @author Sam Brannen
+ * @see ConstructorInvocationTests
+ * @see MethodInvocationTests
  */
 class VariableAndFunctionTests extends AbstractExpressionTests {
 

spring-jdbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/jdbc/datasource/JdbcTransactionObjectSupport.java

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package org.springframework.jdbc.datasource;
 
 import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.SQLFeatureNotSupportedException;
 import java.sql.Savepoint;
 
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
@@ -179,6 +180,9 @@ public abstract class JdbcTransactionObjectSupport implements SavepointManager,
 		try {
 			conHolder.getConnection().releaseSavepoint((Savepoint) savepoint);
 		}
+		catch (SQLFeatureNotSupportedException ex) {
+			// typically on Oracle - ignore
+		}
 		catch (Throwable ex) {
 			throw new TransactionSystemException("Could not explicitly release JDBC savepoint", ex);
 		}

spring-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/jdbc/object/SqlQueryTests.java

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
  */
 class SqlQueryTests {
 
-	//FIXME inline?
+	// FIXME inline?
 	private static final String SELECT_ID =
 			"select id from custmr";
 	private static final String SELECT_ID_WHERE =

spring-jdbc/src/test/java/org/springframework/jdbc/support/incrementer/H2SequenceMaxValueIncrementerTests.java

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class H2SequenceMaxValueIncrementerTests {
 	 * Tests that the incrementer works when using all supported H2 <em>compatibility modes</em>.
 	 */
 	@ParameterizedTest
-	@EnumSource(ModeEnum.class)
+	@EnumSource
 	void incrementsSequenceWithExplicitH2CompatibilityMode(ModeEnum mode) {
 		String connectionUrl = String.format("jdbc:h2:mem:%s;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=false;MODE=%s", UUID.randomUUID(), mode);
 		DataSource dataSource = new SimpleDriverDataSource(new org.h2.Driver(), connectionUrl, "sa", "");

spring-jms/src/main/java/org/springframework/jms/listener/AbstractMessageListenerContainer.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ import org.springframework.util.ErrorHandler;
  * (i.e. after your business logic executed but before the JMS part got committed),
  * so duplicate message detection is just there to cover a corner case.
  * <li>Or wrap your <i>entire processing with an XA transaction</i>, covering the
- * reception of the JMS message as well as the execution of the business logic in
+ * receipt of the JMS message as well as the execution of the business logic in
  * your message listener (including database operations etc). This is only
  * supported by {@link DefaultMessageListenerContainer}, through specifying
  * an external "transactionManager" (typically a

spring-jms/src/main/java/org/springframework/jms/listener/AbstractPollingMessageListenerContainer.java

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ import org.springframework.util.Assert;
  *
  * <p>This listener container variant is built for repeated polling attempts,
  * each invoking the {@link #receiveAndExecute} method. The MessageConsumer used
- * may be reobtained fo reach attempt or cached in between attempts; this is up
+ * may be reobtained for each attempt or cached in between attempts; this is up
  * to the concrete implementation. The receive timeout for each attempt can be
  * configured through the {@link #setReceiveTimeout "receiveTimeout"} property.
  *
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ import org.springframework.util.Assert;
  * full control over the listening process, allowing for custom scaling and throttling
  * and of concurrent message processing (which is up to concrete subclasses).
  *
- * <p>Message reception and listener execution can automatically be wrapped
+ * <p>Message receipt and listener execution can automatically be wrapped
  * in transactions through passing a Spring
  * {@link org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager} into the
  * {@link #setTransactionManager "transactionManager"} property. This will usually
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractPollingMessageListenerContainer extends AbstractMe
 
 	/**
 	 * Specify the Spring {@link org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager}
-	 * to use for transactional wrapping of message reception plus listener execution.
+	 * to use for transactional wrapping of message receipt plus listener execution.
 	 * <p>Default is none, not performing any transactional wrapping.
 	 * If specified, this will usually be a Spring
 	 * {@link org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager} or one
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractPollingMessageListenerContainer extends AbstractMe
 
 	/**
 	 * Return the Spring PlatformTransactionManager to use for transactional
-	 * wrapping of message reception plus listener execution.
+	 * wrapping of message receipt plus listener execution.
 	 */
 	@Nullable
 	protected final PlatformTransactionManager getTransactionManager() {

spring-jms/src/main/java/org/springframework/jms/listener/DefaultMessageListenerContainer.java

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ import org.springframework.util.backoff.FixedBackOff;
 /**
  * Message listener container variant that uses plain JMS client APIs, specifically
  * a loop of {@code MessageConsumer.receive()} calls that also allow for
- * transactional reception of messages (registering them with XA transactions).
+ * transactional receipt of messages (registering them with XA transactions).
  * Designed to work in a native JMS environment as well as in a Jakarta EE environment,
  * with only minimal differences in configuration.
  *
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ import org.springframework.util.backoff.FixedBackOff;
  * {@code MessageConsumer} (only refreshed in case of failure), using the JMS provider's
  * resources as efficiently as possible.
  *
- * <p>Message reception and listener execution can automatically be wrapped
+ * <p>Message receipt and listener execution can automatically be wrapped
  * in transactions by passing a Spring
  * {@link org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager} into the
  * {@link #setTransactionManager "transactionManager"} property. This will usually
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ public class DefaultMessageListenerContainer extends AbstractPollingMessageListe
 
 	/**
 	 * Specify the maximum number of messages to process in one task.
-	 * More concretely, this limits the number of message reception attempts
+	 * More concretely, this limits the number of message receipt attempts
 	 * per task, which includes receive iterations that did not actually
 	 * pick up a message until they hit their timeout (see the
 	 * {@link #setReceiveTimeout "receiveTimeout"} property).
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ public class DefaultMessageListenerContainer extends AbstractPollingMessageListe
 	 * The minimum number of consumers
 	 * (see {@link #setConcurrentConsumers "concurrentConsumers"})
 	 * will be kept around until shutdown in any case.
-	 * <p>Within each task execution, a number of message reception attempts
+	 * <p>Within each task execution, a number of message receipt attempts
 	 * (according to the "maxMessagesPerTask" setting) will each wait for an incoming
 	 * message (according to the "receiveTimeout" setting). If all of those receive
 	 * attempts in a given task return without a message, the task is considered

spring-jms/src/main/java/org/springframework/jms/listener/SimpleMessageListenerContainer.java

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ import org.springframework.util.Assert;
  *
  * <p>For a different style of MessageListener handling, through looped
  * {@code MessageConsumer.receive()} calls that also allow for
- * transactional reception of messages (registering them with XA transactions),
+ * transactional receipt of messages (registering them with XA transactions),
  * see {@link DefaultMessageListenerContainer}.
  *
  * @author Juergen Hoeller

spring-jms/src/main/java/org/springframework/jms/support/JmsHeaders.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2017 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ public interface JmsHeaders {
 
 	/**
 	 * Specify if the message was resent. This occurs when a message
-	 * consumer fails to acknowledge the message reception.
+	 * consumer fails to acknowledge receipt of the message.
 	 * <p>Read-only value.
 	 * @see jakarta.jms.Message#getJMSRedelivered()
 	 */

spring-messaging/src/main/java/org/springframework/messaging/PollableChannel.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2013 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ public interface PollableChannel extends MessageChannel {
 	/**
 	 * Receive a message from this channel, blocking until either a message is available
 	 * or the specified timeout period elapses.
-	 * @param timeout the timeout in milliseconds or {@link MessageChannel#INDEFINITE_TIMEOUT}.
+	 * @param timeout the timeout in milliseconds or {@link MessageChannel#INDEFINITE_TIMEOUT}
 	 * @return the next available {@link Message} or {@code null} if the specified timeout
-	 * period elapses or the message reception is interrupted
+	 * period elapses or the message receipt is interrupted
 	 */
 	@Nullable
 	Message<?> receive(long timeout);

spring-messaging/src/main/java/org/springframework/messaging/handler/invocation/AbstractAsyncReturnValueHandler.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2017 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -22,9 +22,7 @@ import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
 
 /**
  * Convenient base class for {@link AsyncHandlerMethodReturnValueHandler}
- * implementations that support only asynchronous (Future-like) return values
- * and merely serve as adapters of such types to Spring's
- * {@link org.springframework.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture ListenableFuture}.
+ * implementations that support only asynchronous (Future-like) return values.
  *
  * @author Sebastien Deleuze
  * @since 4.2

spring-messaging/src/main/java/org/springframework/messaging/handler/invocation/AbstractMethodMessageHandler.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractMethodMessageHandler<T>
 			if (returnValue != null && this.returnValueHandlers.isAsyncReturnValue(returnValue, returnType)) {
 				CompletableFuture<?> future = this.returnValueHandlers.toCompletableFuture(returnValue, returnType);
 				if (future != null) {
-					future.whenComplete(new ReturnValueListenableFutureCallback(invocable, message));
+					future.whenComplete(new ReturnValueCallback(invocable, message));
 				}
 			}
 			else {
@@ -704,13 +704,13 @@ public abstract class AbstractMethodMessageHandler<T>
 	}
 
 
-	private class ReturnValueListenableFutureCallback implements BiConsumer<Object, Throwable> {
+	private class ReturnValueCallback implements BiConsumer<Object, Throwable> {
 
 		private final InvocableHandlerMethod handlerMethod;
 
 		private final Message<?> message;
 
-		public ReturnValueListenableFutureCallback(InvocableHandlerMethod handlerMethod, Message<?> message) {
+		public ReturnValueCallback(InvocableHandlerMethod handlerMethod, Message<?> message) {
 			this.handlerMethod = handlerMethod;
 			this.message = message;
 		}

spring-messaging/src/main/java/org/springframework/messaging/handler/invocation/AsyncHandlerMethodReturnValueHandler.java

@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@ import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 /**
  * An extension of {@link HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler} for handling async,
  * Future-like return value types that support success and error callbacks.
- * Essentially anything that can be adapted to a
- * {@link org.springframework.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture ListenableFuture}.
  *
  * <p>Implementations should consider extending the convenient base class
  * {@link AbstractAsyncReturnValueHandler}.

spring-messaging/src/main/java/org/springframework/messaging/handler/invocation/reactive/ChannelSendOperator.java

@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ class ChannelSendOperator<T> extends Mono<Void> implements Scannable {
 				requiredWriteSubscriber().onNext(item);
 				return;
 			}
-			//FIXME revisit in case of reentrant sync deadlock
+			// FIXME revisit in case of reentrant sync deadlock
 			synchronized (this) {
 				if (this.state == State.READY_TO_WRITE) {
 					requiredWriteSubscriber().onNext(item);

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverride.java

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import org.springframework.aot.hint.annotation.Reflective;
  * <p>Specifying this annotation registers the configured {@link BeanOverrideProcessor}
  * which must be capable of handling the composed annotation and its attributes.
  *
- * <p>Since the composed annotation should only be applied to fields, it is
+ * <p>Since the composed annotation should only be applied to non-static fields, it is
  * expected that it is meta-annotated with {@link Target @Target(ElementType.FIELD)}.
  *
  * <p>For concrete examples, see

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor.java

@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 import org.springframework.aop.scope.ScopedProxyUtils;
 import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
-import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryUtils;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException;
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 
 /**
  * A {@link BeanFactoryPostProcessor} implementation that processes identified
- * use of {@link BeanOverride @BeanOverride} and adapts the {@link BeanFactory}
+ * use of {@link BeanOverride @BeanOverride} and adapts the {@code BeanFactory}
  * accordingly.
  *
  * <p>For each override, the bean factory is prepared according to the chosen
@@ -94,12 +94,15 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 
 	@Override
 	public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
+		Set<String> generatedBeanNames = new HashSet<>();
 		for (BeanOverrideHandler handler : this.beanOverrideHandlers) {
-			registerBeanOverride(beanFactory, handler);
+			registerBeanOverride(beanFactory, handler, generatedBeanNames);
 		}
 	}
 
-	private void registerBeanOverride(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory, BeanOverrideHandler handler) {
+	private void registerBeanOverride(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory, BeanOverrideHandler handler,
+			Set<String> generatedBeanNames) {
+
 		String beanName = handler.getBeanName();
 		Field field = handler.getField();
 		Assert.state(!BeanFactoryUtils.isFactoryDereference(beanName),() -> """
@@ -108,27 +111,43 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 					beanName, field.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(), field.getName()));
 
 		switch (handler.getStrategy()) {
-			case REPLACE -> replaceOrCreateBean(beanFactory, handler, true);
-			case REPLACE_OR_CREATE -> replaceOrCreateBean(beanFactory, handler, false);
+			case REPLACE -> replaceOrCreateBean(beanFactory, handler, generatedBeanNames, true);
+			case REPLACE_OR_CREATE -> replaceOrCreateBean(beanFactory, handler, generatedBeanNames, false);
 			case WRAP -> wrapBean(beanFactory, handler);
 		}
 	}
 
 	private void replaceOrCreateBean(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory, BeanOverrideHandler handler,
-			boolean requireExistingBean) {
+			Set<String> generatedBeanNames, boolean requireExistingBean) {
 
 		// NOTE: This method supports 3 distinct scenarios which must be accounted for.
 		//
-		// 1) JVM runtime
-		// 2) AOT processing
-		// 3) AOT runtime
+		// - JVM runtime
+		// - AOT processing
+		// - AOT runtime
+		//
+		// In addition, this method supports 4 distinct use cases.
+		//
+		// 1) Override existing bean by-type
+		// 2) Create bean by-type, with a generated name
+		// 3) Override existing bean by-name
+		// 4) Create bean by-name, with a provided name
 
 		String beanName = handler.getBeanName();
+		Field field = handler.getField();
 		BeanDefinition existingBeanDefinition = null;
 		if (beanName == null) {
 			beanName = getBeanNameForType(beanFactory, handler, requireExistingBean);
-			if (beanName != null) {
-				// We are overriding an existing bean by-type.
+			// If the generatedBeanNames set already contains the beanName that we
+			// just found by-type, that means we are experiencing a "phantom read"
+			// (i.e., we found a bean that was not previously there). Consequently,
+			// we cannot "override the override", because we would lose one of the
+			// overrides. Instead, we must create a new override for the current
+			// handler. For example, if one handler creates an override for a SubType
+			// and a subsequent handler creates an override for a SuperType of that
+			// SubType, we must end up with overrides for both SuperType and SubType.
+			if (beanName != null && !generatedBeanNames.contains(beanName)) {
+				// 1) We are overriding an existing bean by-type.
 				beanName = BeanFactoryUtils.transformedBeanName(beanName);
 				// If we are overriding a manually registered singleton, we won't find
 				// an existing bean definition.
@@ -137,23 +156,26 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 				}
 			}
 			else {
-				// We will later generate a name for the nonexistent bean, but since NullAway
-				// will reject leaving the beanName set to null, we set it to a placeholder.
+				// 2) We are creating a bean by-type, with a generated name.
+				// Since NullAway will reject leaving the beanName set to null,
+				// we set it to a placeholder that will be replaced later.
 				beanName = PSEUDO_BEAN_NAME_PLACEHOLDER;
 			}
 		}
 		else {
 			Set<String> candidates = getExistingBeanNamesByType(beanFactory, handler, false);
 			if (candidates.contains(beanName)) {
-				// We are overriding an existing bean by-name.
+				// 3) We are overriding an existing bean by-name.
 				existingBeanDefinition = beanFactory.getBeanDefinition(beanName);
 			}
 			else if (requireExistingBean) {
 				throw new IllegalStateException("""
-						Unable to override bean: there is no bean to replace \
-						with name [%s] and type [%s]."""
-							.formatted(beanName, handler.getBeanType()));
+						Unable to replace bean: there is no bean with name '%s' and type %s \
+						(as required by field '%s.%s')."""
+							.formatted(beanName, handler.getBeanType(),
+								field.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(), field.getName()));
 			}
+			// 4) We are creating a bean by-name with the provided beanName.
 		}
 
 		if (existingBeanDefinition != null) {
@@ -179,7 +201,7 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 
 			if (!(beanFactory instanceof BeanDefinitionRegistry registry)) {
 				throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot process bean override with a BeanFactory " +
-						"that doesn't implement BeanDefinitionRegistry: " + beanFactory.getClass().getName());
+						"that does not implement BeanDefinitionRegistry: " + beanFactory.getClass().getName());
 			}
 
 			RootBeanDefinition pseudoBeanDefinition = createPseudoBeanDefinition(handler);
@@ -187,6 +209,7 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 			// Generate a name for the nonexistent bean.
 			if (PSEUDO_BEAN_NAME_PLACEHOLDER.equals(beanName)) {
 				beanName = beanNameGenerator.generateBeanName(pseudoBeanDefinition, registry);
+				generatedBeanNames.add(beanName);
 			}
 
 			registry.registerBeanDefinition(beanName, pseudoBeanDefinition);
@@ -212,14 +235,18 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 
 	/**
 	 * Check that a bean with the specified {@link BeanOverrideHandler#getBeanName() name}
-	 * and {@link BeanOverrideHandler#getBeanType() type} is registered.
-	 * <p>If so, put the {@link BeanOverrideHandler} in the early tracking map.
-	 * <p>The map will later be checked to see if a given bean should be wrapped
-	 * upon creation, during the {@link WrapEarlyBeanPostProcessor#getEarlyBeanReference}
-	 * phase.
+	 * or {@link BeanOverrideHandler#getBeanType() type} has already been registered
+	 * in the {@code BeanFactory}.
+	 * <p>If so, register the {@link BeanOverrideHandler} and the corresponding bean
+	 * name in the {@link BeanOverrideRegistry}.
+	 * <p>The registry will later be checked to see if a given bean should be wrapped
+	 * upon creation, during the early bean post-processing phase.
+	 * @see BeanOverrideRegistry#registerBeanOverrideHandler(BeanOverrideHandler, String)
+	 * @see WrapEarlyBeanPostProcessor#getEarlyBeanReference(Object, String)
 	 */
 	private void wrapBean(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory, BeanOverrideHandler handler) {
 		String beanName = handler.getBeanName();
+		Field field = handler.getField();
 		ResolvableType beanType = handler.getBeanType();
 
 		if (beanName == null) {
@@ -235,13 +262,17 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 					beanName = primaryCandidate;
 				}
 				else {
-					Field field = handler.getField();
-					throw new IllegalStateException("""
-							Unable to select a bean to override by wrapping: found %d bean instances of type %s \
-							(as required by annotated field '%s.%s')%s"""
+					String message = "Unable to select a bean to wrap: ";
+					if (candidateCount == 0) {
+						message += "there are no beans of type %s (as required by field '%s.%s')."
+								.formatted(beanType, field.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(), field.getName());
+					}
+					else {
+						message += "found %d beans of type %s (as required by field '%s.%s'): %s"
 								.formatted(candidateCount, beanType, field.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(),
-									field.getName(), (candidateCount > 0 ? ": " + candidateNames : "")));
-
+										field.getName(), candidateNames);
+					}
+					throw new IllegalStateException(message);
 				}
 			}
 			beanName = BeanFactoryUtils.transformedBeanName(beanName);
@@ -251,9 +282,10 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 			Set<String> candidates = getExistingBeanNamesByType(beanFactory, handler, false);
 			if (!candidates.contains(beanName)) {
 				throw new IllegalStateException("""
-						Unable to override bean by wrapping: there is no existing bean \
-						with name [%s] and type [%s]."""
-							.formatted(beanName, beanType));
+						Unable to wrap bean: there is no bean with name '%s' and type %s \
+						(as required by field '%s.%s')."""
+							.formatted(beanName, beanType, field.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(),
+								field.getName()));
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -276,7 +308,7 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 		else if (candidateCount == 0) {
 			if (requireExistingBean) {
 				throw new IllegalStateException(
-						"Unable to override bean: no beans of type %s (as required by annotated field '%s.%s')"
+						"Unable to override bean: there are no beans of type %s (as required by field '%s.%s')."
 							.formatted(beanType, field.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(), field.getName()));
 			}
 			return null;
@@ -287,9 +319,8 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 			return primaryCandidate;
 		}
 
-		throw new IllegalStateException("""
-				Unable to select a bean to override: found %s beans of type %s \
-				(as required by annotated field '%s.%s'): %s"""
+		throw new IllegalStateException(
+				"Unable to select a bean to override: found %d beans of type %s (as required by field '%s.%s'): %s"
 					.formatted(candidateCount, beanType, field.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(),
 						field.getName(), candidateNames));
 	}
@@ -331,6 +362,12 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 		return beanNames;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Determine the primary candidate in the given set of bean names.
+	 * <p>Honors both <em>primary</em> and <em>fallback</em> semantics.
+	 * @return the name of the primary candidate, or {@code null} if none found
+	 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory#determinePrimaryCandidate(Map, Class)
+	 */
 	@Nullable
 	private static String determinePrimaryCandidate(
 			ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory, Set<String> candidateBeanNames, Class<?> beanType) {
@@ -340,6 +377,7 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 		}
 
 		String primaryBeanName = null;
+		// First pass: identify unique primary candidate
 		for (String candidateBeanName : candidateBeanNames) {
 			if (beanFactory.containsBeanDefinition(candidateBeanName)) {
 				BeanDefinition beanDefinition = beanFactory.getBeanDefinition(candidateBeanName);
@@ -352,6 +390,21 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 				}
 			}
 		}
+		// Second pass: identify unique non-fallback candidate
+		if (primaryBeanName == null) {
+			for (String candidateBeanName : candidateBeanNames) {
+				if (beanFactory.containsBeanDefinition(candidateBeanName)) {
+					BeanDefinition beanDefinition = beanFactory.getBeanDefinition(candidateBeanName);
+					if (!beanDefinition.isFallback()) {
+						if (primaryBeanName != null) {
+							// More than one non-fallback bean found among candidates.
+							return null;
+						}
+						primaryBeanName = candidateBeanName;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
 		return primaryBeanName;
 	}
 
@@ -364,7 +417,7 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 	 * respectively.
 	 * <p>The returned bean definition should <strong>not</strong> be used to create
 	 * a bean instance but rather only for the purpose of having suitable bean
-	 * definition metadata available in the {@link BeanFactory} &mdash; for example,
+	 * definition metadata available in the {@code BeanFactory} &mdash; for example,
 	 * for autowiring candidate resolution.
 	 */
 	private static RootBeanDefinition createPseudoBeanDefinition(BeanOverrideHandler handler) {
@@ -394,7 +447,7 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 	private static void destroySingleton(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory, String beanName) {
 		if (!(beanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory dlbf)) {
 			throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot process bean override with a BeanFactory " +
-					"that doesn't implement DefaultListableBeanFactory: " + beanFactory.getClass().getName());
+					"that does not implement DefaultListableBeanFactory: " + beanFactory.getClass().getName());
 		}
 		dlbf.destroySingleton(beanName);
 	}

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverrideContextCustomizerFactory.java

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override;
 
-import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
 
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfigurationAttributes;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextCustomizerFactory;
 import org.springframework.test.context.TestContextAnnotationUtils;
+import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 
 /**
  * {@link ContextCustomizerFactory} implementation that provides support for
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ class BeanOverrideContextCustomizerFactory implements ContextCustomizerFactory {
 	public BeanOverrideContextCustomizer createContextCustomizer(Class<?> testClass,
 			List<ContextConfigurationAttributes> configAttributes) {
 
-		Set<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = new HashSet<>();
+		Set<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = new LinkedHashSet<>();
 		findBeanOverrideHandler(testClass, handlers);
 		if (handlers.isEmpty()) {
 			return null;
@@ -51,10 +52,13 @@ class BeanOverrideContextCustomizerFactory implements ContextCustomizerFactory {
 	}
 
 	private void findBeanOverrideHandler(Class<?> testClass, Set<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers) {
-		handlers.addAll(BeanOverrideHandler.forTestClass(testClass));
 		if (TestContextAnnotationUtils.searchEnclosingClass(testClass)) {
 			findBeanOverrideHandler(testClass.getEnclosingClass(), handlers);
 		}
+		BeanOverrideHandler.forTestClass(testClass).forEach(handler ->
+				Assert.state(handlers.add(handler), () ->
+						"Duplicate BeanOverrideHandler discovered in test class %s: %s"
+							.formatted(testClass.getName(), handler)));
 	}
 
 }

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverrideHandler.java

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashSet;
@@ -105,6 +106,8 @@ public abstract class BeanOverrideHandler {
 	private static void processField(Field field, Class<?> testClass, List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers) {
 		AtomicBoolean overrideAnnotationFound = new AtomicBoolean();
 		MergedAnnotations.from(field, DIRECT).stream(BeanOverride.class).forEach(mergedAnnotation -> {
+			Assert.state(!Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers()),
+					() -> "@BeanOverride field must not be static: " + field);
 			MergedAnnotation<?> metaSource = mergedAnnotation.getMetaSource();
 			Assert.state(metaSource != null, "@BeanOverride annotation must be meta-present");
 

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverrideRegistry.java

@@ -17,8 +17,13 @@
 package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
-import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
 
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableBeanFactory;
@@ -37,9 +42,12 @@ import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
  */
 class BeanOverrideRegistry {
 
-	private final Map<BeanOverrideHandler, String> handlerToBeanNameMap = new HashMap<>();
+	private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(BeanOverrideRegistry.class);
 
-	private final Map<String, BeanOverrideHandler> wrappingBeanOverrideHandlers = new HashMap<>();
+
+	private final Map<BeanOverrideHandler, String> handlerToBeanNameMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+	private final Map<String, BeanOverrideHandler> wrappingBeanOverrideHandlers = new LinkedHashMap<>();
 
 	private final ConfigurableBeanFactory beanFactory;
 
@@ -57,7 +65,25 @@ class BeanOverrideRegistry {
 	 * bean via {@link #wrapBeanIfNecessary(Object, String)}.
 	 */
 	void registerBeanOverrideHandler(BeanOverrideHandler handler, String beanName) {
+		Assert.state(!this.handlerToBeanNameMap.containsKey(handler), () ->
+				"Cannot register BeanOverrideHandler for bean with name '%s'; detected multiple registrations for %s"
+					.formatted(beanName, handler));
+
+		// Check if beanName was already registered, before adding the new mapping.
+		boolean beanNameAlreadyRegistered = this.handlerToBeanNameMap.containsValue(beanName);
+		// Add new mapping before potentially logging a warning, to ensure that
+		// the current handler is logged as well.
 		this.handlerToBeanNameMap.put(handler, beanName);
+
+		if (beanNameAlreadyRegistered && logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
+			List<BeanOverrideHandler> competingHandlers = this.handlerToBeanNameMap.entrySet().stream()
+					.filter(entry -> entry.getValue().equals(beanName))
+					.map(Entry::getKey)
+					.toList();
+			logger.warn("Bean with name '%s' was overridden by multiple handlers: %s"
+					.formatted(beanName, competingHandlers));
+		}
+
 		if (handler.getStrategy() == BeanOverrideStrategy.WRAP) {
 			this.wrappingBeanOverrideHandlers.put(beanName, handler);
 		}

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/convention/TestBean.java

@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@ import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
 import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverride;
 
 /**
- * {@code @TestBean} is an annotation that can be applied to a field in a test
- * class to override a bean in the test's
+ * {@code @TestBean} is an annotation that can be applied to a non-static field
+ * in a test class to override a bean in the test's
  * {@link org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext ApplicationContext}
  * using a static factory method.
  *
@@ -105,6 +105,11 @@ import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverride;
  * FactoryBean}, the {@code FactoryBean} will be replaced with a singleton bean
  * corresponding to the value returned from the {@code @TestBean} factory method.
  *
+ * <p>There are no restrictions on the visibility of {@code @TestBean} fields or
+ * factory methods. Such fields and methods can therefore be {@code public},
+ * {@code protected}, package-private (default visibility), or {@code private}
+ * depending on the needs or coding practices of the project.
+ *
  * @author Simon Baslé
  * @author Stephane Nicoll
  * @author Sam Brannen

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/convention/TestBeanOverrideHandler.java

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import java.util.Objects;
 
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
 import org.springframework.core.ResolvableType;
+import org.springframework.core.style.ToStringCreator;
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverrideHandler;
 import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverrideStrategy;
@@ -83,4 +84,15 @@ final class TestBeanOverrideHandler extends BeanOverrideHandler {
 		return this.factoryMethod.hashCode() * 29 + super.hashCode();
 	}
 
+	@Override
+	public String toString() {
+		return new ToStringCreator(this)
+				.append("field", getField())
+				.append("beanType", getBeanType())
+				.append("beanName", getBeanName())
+				.append("strategy", getStrategy())
+				.append("factoryMethod", this.factoryMethod)
+				.toString();
+	}
+
 }

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/MockReset.java

@@ -99,9 +99,10 @@ public enum MockReset {
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Get the {@link MockReset} associated with the given mock.
-	 * @param mock the source mock
-	 * @return the reset type (never {@code null})
+	 * Get the {@link MockReset} strategy associated with the given mock.
+	 * @param mock the mock
+	 * @return the reset strategy for the given mock, or {@link MockReset#NONE}
+	 * if no strategy is associated with the given mock
 	 */
 	static MockReset get(Object mock) {
 		MockingDetails mockingDetails = Mockito.mockingDetails(mock);

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/MockitoBean.java

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
 import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverride;
 
 /**
- * {@code @MockitoBean} is an annotation that can be applied to a field in a test
- * class to override a bean in the test's
+ * {@code @MockitoBean} is an annotation that can be applied to a non-static field
+ * in a test class to override a bean in the test's
  * {@link org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext ApplicationContext}
  * using a Mockito mock.
  *
@@ -58,6 +58,11 @@ import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverride;
  * FactoryBean}, the {@code FactoryBean} will be replaced with a singleton mock
  * of the type of object created by the {@code FactoryBean}.
  *
+ * <p>There are no restrictions on the visibility of a {@code @MockitoBean} field.
+ * Such fields can therefore be {@code public}, {@code protected}, package-private
+ * (default visibility), or {@code private} depending on the needs or coding
+ * practices of the project.
+ *
  * @author Simon Baslé
  * @author Sam Brannen
  * @since 6.2