Release v6.2.4

Closes gh-34416

.github/actions/prepare-gradle-build/action.yml

@@ -31,10 +31,11 @@ runs:
           ${{ inputs.java-early-access == 'true' && format('{0}-ea', inputs.java-version) || inputs.java-version }}
           ${{ inputs.java-toolchain == 'true' && '17' || '' }}
     - name: Set Up Gradle
-      uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@d156388eb19639ec20ade50009f3d199ce1e2808 # v4.1.0
+      uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@0bdd871935719febd78681f197cd39af5b6e16a6 # v4.2.2
       with:
         cache-read-only: false
         develocity-access-key: ${{ inputs.develocity-access-key }}
+        develocity-token-expiry: 4
     - name: Configure Gradle Properties
       shell: bash
       run: |

.github/actions/sync-to-maven-central/action.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
     - name: Set Up JFrog CLI
-      uses: jfrog/setup-jfrog-cli@9fe0f98bd45b19e6e931d457f4e98f8f84461fb5 # v4.4.1
+      uses: jfrog/setup-jfrog-cli@f748a0599171a192a2668afee8d0497f7c1069df # v4.5.6
       env:
         JF_ENV_SPRING: ${{ inputs.jfrog-cli-config-token }}
     - name: Download Release Artifacts

.github/workflows/build-and-deploy-snapshot.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
           develocity-access-key: ${{ secrets.DEVELOCITY_ACCESS_KEY }}
           publish: true
       - name: Deploy
-        uses: spring-io/artifactory-deploy-action@26bbe925a75f4f863e1e529e85be2d0093cac116 # v0.0.1
+        uses: spring-io/artifactory-deploy-action@dc1913008c0599f0c4b1fdafb6ff3c502b3565ea # v0.0.2
         with:
           artifact-properties: |
             /**/framework-api-*.zip::zip.name=spring-framework,zip.deployed=false

.github/workflows/build-pull-request.yml

@@ -9,22 +9,11 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
-      - name: Set Up JDK 17
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
-        with:
-          distribution: 'liberica'
-          java-version: '17'
-      - name: Check Out
+      - name: Check Out Code
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Validate Gradle Wrapper
-        uses: gradle/actions/wrapper-validation@d156388eb19639ec20ade50009f3d199ce1e2808 # v4.1.0
-      - name: Set Up Gradle
-        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@d156388eb19639ec20ade50009f3d199ce1e2808 # v4.1.0
       - name: Build
-        env:
-          CI: 'true'
-          GRADLE_ENTERPRISE_URL: 'https://ge.spring.io'
-        run: ./gradlew -Dorg.gradle.internal.launcher.welcomeMessageEnabled=false --no-daemon --no-parallel --continue build
+        id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build
       - name: Print JVM Thread Dumps When Cancelled
         if: cancelled()
         uses: ./.github/actions/print-jvm-thread-dumps

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
           develocity-access-key: ${{ secrets.DEVELOCITY_ACCESS_KEY }}
           publish: true
       - name: Stage Release
-        uses: spring-io/artifactory-deploy-action@26bbe925a75f4f863e1e529e85be2d0093cac116 # v0.0.1
+        uses: spring-io/artifactory-deploy-action@dc1913008c0599f0c4b1fdafb6ff3c502b3565ea # v0.0.2
         with:
           artifact-properties: |
             /**/framework-api-*.zip::zip.name=spring-framework,zip.deployed=false
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Set up JFrog CLI
-        uses: jfrog/setup-jfrog-cli@9fe0f98bd45b19e6e931d457f4e98f8f84461fb5 # v4.4.1
+        uses: jfrog/setup-jfrog-cli@dff217c085c17666e8849ebdbf29c8fe5e3995e6 # v4.5.2
         env:
           JF_ENV_SPRING: ${{ secrets.JF_ARTIFACTORY_SPRING }}
       - name: Promote build

.github/workflows/update-antora-ui-spring.yml

@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@ permissions:
 
 jobs:
   update-antora-ui-spring:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Update on Supported Branches
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'spring-projects/spring-framework' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
         branch: [ '6.1.x' ]
@@ -25,8 +26,9 @@ jobs:
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           antora-file-path: 'framework-docs/antora-playbook.yml'
   update-antora-ui-spring-docs-build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Update on docs-build
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'spring-projects/spring-framework' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: spring-io/spring-doc-actions/update-antora-spring-ui@5a57bcc6a0da2a1474136cf29571b277850432bc
         name: Update

.github/workflows/verify.yml

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ jobs:
           distribution: 'liberica'
           java-version: 17
       - name: Set Up Gradle
-        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@d156388eb19639ec20ade50009f3d199ce1e2808 # v4.1.0
+        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@0bdd871935719febd78681f197cd39af5b6e16a6 # v4.2.2
         with:
           cache-read-only: false
       - name: Configure Gradle Properties

.gitignore

@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ spring-*/src/main/java/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF
 *.iml
 *.ipr
 *.iws
-.idea
+.idea/*
+!.idea/icon.svg
 out
 test-output
 atlassian-ide-plugin.xml

.idea/icon.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Generator: Adobe Illustrator 24.0.3, SVG Export Plug-In . SVG Version: 6.00 Build 0)  -->
+<svg version="1.1" id="Layer_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px"
+	 viewBox="0 0 510 510" style="enable-background:new 0 0 510 510;" xml:space="preserve">
+<style type="text/css">
+	.st0{fill:#6DB33F;}
+</style>
+<title>icon-framework</title>
+<g id="Layer_2_1_">
+	<g id="Layer_1-2">
+		<path class="st0" d="M479.2,162.5c-5.6-34.3-20.5-64.4-43.9-87.8S382,36.5,347.6,30.9C320.1,11.2,288.5,0,255,0
+			s-65.1,11.2-92.6,30.9C128,36.5,98,51.3,74.7,74.7C50.9,98.4,36.5,128.7,31,162.2C11.2,189.8,0,221.4,0,255s11.2,65.2,31,92.8
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+			c34.4-5.6,64.4-20.5,87.7-43.8c23.8-23.8,38.1-54.1,43.7-87.5c19.8-27.6,31-59.2,31-92.8S498.8,190,479.2,162.5z M473,224.2
+			c-0.8,6-1.9,11.9-3.2,17.9c-7.2-22.4-17.1-43.8-29.4-63.8c-5.5-22.8-13.6-44.9-24.4-65.8c22.9,14.8,42.2,32.6,56.7,52.6
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+			c17.3-9.8,35.5-17.8,54.5-23.7c-15.1,10.8-29.2,22.7-42.3,35.8C104.5,130.7,92.4,144.9,81.7,160.1z M149.1,346.4
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+			C273.9,59.1,236.1,59.1,199.2,65.4L199.2,65.4z M392.4,392.4c13.1-13.1,25.1-27.3,35.9-42.4c-5.9,19-13.9,37.3-23.7,54.5
+			c-17.3,9.8-35.5,17.7-54.5,23.7C365.2,417.5,379.3,405.5,392.4,392.4L392.4,392.4z M392.4,117.6c-13.1-13.1-27.2-25.1-42.3-35.8
+			c19,5.9,37.2,13.9,54.5,23.7c9.8,17.3,17.8,35.6,23.7,54.7C417.6,144.9,405.5,130.7,392.4,117.6L392.4,117.6z M430.5,79.5
+			c19.4,19.3,32.6,43.6,39.3,71.1c-16.2-19.2-36.6-36.2-60.4-50c-13.8-23.8-30.8-44.2-50-60.4C387.1,46.9,411.2,60.1,430.5,79.5
+			L430.5,79.5z M397.6,94c-20.8-10.7-42.8-18.8-65.6-24.2c-20-12.4-41.5-22.4-63.9-29.6c15.5-3.4,31.3-5.1,47.2-5.2
+			c10,0,19.9,0.8,29.7,2.3C365.1,51.8,382.8,71.1,397.6,94z M255,6.8c27.6,0,53.8,8,77.4,22.2c-5.6-0.5-11.3-0.7-17.1-0.7
+			c-20.4,0.1-40.6,2.8-60.3,8.1c-19.7-5.3-39.9-8-60.3-8.1c-5.8,0-11.5,0.2-17.1,0.7C201.2,14.7,227.4,6.8,255,6.8z M165,37.3
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+			 M79.5,430.5c-19.6-19.6-32.5-43.9-39.1-70.9c16.1,19.1,36.5,36,60.2,49.8c13.8,23.7,30.8,44.2,50,60.4
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+			c14.2,23.6,22.2,49.8,22.2,77.4s-8.1,54.1-22.4,77.8C482.9,307.9,480.5,281.6,473.5,255.3L473.5,255.3z"/>
+	</g>
+</g>
+</svg>

.sdkmanrc

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 # Enable auto-env through the sdkman_auto_env config
 # Add key=value pairs of SDKs to use below
-java=17.0.12-librca
+java=17.0.13-librca

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ First off, thank you for taking the time to contribute! :+1: :tada:
 
 ### Code of Conduct
 
-This project is governed by the [Spring Code of Conduct](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.adoc).
+This project is governed by the [Spring Code of Conduct](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework#coc-ov-file).
 By participating you are expected to uphold this code.
 Please report unacceptable behavior to spring-code-of-conduct@spring.io.
 
@@ -65,10 +65,6 @@ follow-up reports will need to be created as new issues with a fresh description
 
 #### Submit a Pull Request
 
-1. If you have not previously done so, please sign the
-[Contributor License Agreement](https://cla.spring.io/sign/spring). You will be reminded
-automatically when you submit the PR.
-
 1. Should you create an issue first? No, just create the pull request and use the
 description to provide context and motivation, as you would for an issue. If you want
 to start a discussion first or have already created an issue, once a pull request is
@@ -85,6 +81,11 @@ multiple edits or corrections of the same logical change. See
 [Rewriting History section of Pro Git](https://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History)
 for an overview of streamlining the commit history.
 
+1. All commits must include a _Signed-off-by_ trailer at the end of each commit message
+to indicate that the contributor agrees to the Developer Certificate of Origin.
+For additional details, please refer to the blog post
+[Hello DCO, Goodbye CLA: Simplifying Contributions to Spring](https://spring.io/blog/2025/01/06/hello-dco-goodbye-cla-simplifying-contributions-to-spring).
+
 1. Format commit messages using 55 characters for the subject line, 72 characters per line
 for the description, followed by the issue fixed, for example, `Closes gh-22276`. See the
 [Commit Guidelines section of Pro Git](https://git-scm.com/book/en/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#Commit-Guidelines)

build.gradle

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ plugins {
 	id 'io.github.goooler.shadow' version '8.1.8' apply false
 	id 'me.champeau.jmh' version '0.7.2' apply false
 	id 'me.champeau.mrjar' version '0.1.1'
-	id "net.ltgt.errorprone" version "3.1.0" apply false
+	id "net.ltgt.errorprone" version "4.1.0" apply false
 }
 
 ext {
@@ -25,17 +25,17 @@ configure(allprojects) { project ->
 	repositories {
 		mavenCentral()
 		maven {
-			url "https://repo.spring.io/milestone"
+			url = "https://repo.spring.io/milestone"
 			content {
 				// Netty 5 optional support
 				includeGroup 'io.projectreactor.netty'
 			}
 		}
 		if (version.contains('-')) {
-			maven { url "https://repo.spring.io/milestone" }
+			maven { url = "https://repo.spring.io/milestone" }
 		}
 		if (version.endsWith('-SNAPSHOT')) {
-			maven { url "https://repo.spring.io/snapshot" }
+			maven { url = "https://repo.spring.io/snapshot" }
 		}
 	}
 	configurations.all {
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ configure([rootProject] + javaProjects) { project ->
 			"https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/17/docs/api/",
 			"https://jakarta.ee/specifications/platform/9/apidocs/",
 			"https://docs.jboss.org/hibernate/orm/5.6/javadocs/",
-			"https://eclipse.dev/aspectj/doc/released/aspectj5rt-api",
+			"https://eclipse.dev/aspectj/doc/latest/runtime-api/",
 			"https://www.quartz-scheduler.org/api/2.3.0/",
 			"https://fasterxml.github.io/jackson-core/javadoc/2.14/",
 			"https://fasterxml.github.io/jackson-databind/javadoc/2.14/",
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ configure([rootProject] + javaProjects) { project ->
 			// TODO Uncomment link to JUnit 5 docs once we execute Gradle with Java 18+.
 			// See https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/issues/27497
 			//
-			// "https://junit.org/junit5/docs/5.11.3/api/",
+			// "https://junit.org/junit5/docs/5.12.0/api/",
 			"https://www.reactive-streams.org/reactive-streams-1.0.3-javadoc/",
 			//"https://javadoc.io/static/io.rsocket/rsocket-core/1.1.1/",
 			"https://r2dbc.io/spec/1.0.0.RELEASE/api/",

buildSrc/src/main/java/org/springframework/build/CheckstyleConventions.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public class CheckstyleConventions {
 			project.getPlugins().apply(CheckstylePlugin.class);
 			project.getTasks().withType(Checkstyle.class).forEach(checkstyle -> checkstyle.getMaxHeapSize().set("1g"));
 			CheckstyleExtension checkstyle = project.getExtensions().getByType(CheckstyleExtension.class);
-			checkstyle.setToolVersion("10.20.2");
+			checkstyle.setToolVersion("10.21.4");
 			checkstyle.getConfigDirectory().set(project.getRootProject().file("src/checkstyle"));
 			String version = SpringJavaFormatPlugin.class.getPackage().getImplementationVersion();
 			DependencySet checkstyleDependencies = project.getConfigurations().getByName("checkstyle").getDependencies();
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ public class CheckstyleConventions {
 		NoHttpExtension noHttp = project.getExtensions().getByType(NoHttpExtension.class);
 		noHttp.setAllowlistFile(project.file("src/nohttp/allowlist.lines"));
 		noHttp.getSource().exclude("**/test-output/**", "**/.settings/**",
-				"**/.classpath", "**/.project", "**/.gradle/**", "**/node_modules/**");
+				"**/.classpath", "**/.project", "**/.gradle/**", "**/node_modules/**", "buildSrc/build/**");
 		List<String> buildFolders = List.of("bin", "build", "out");
 		project.allprojects(subproject -> {
 			Path rootPath = project.getRootDir().toPath();

buildSrc/src/main/java/org/springframework/build/hint/RuntimeHintsAgentPlugin.java

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import org.gradle.api.attributes.Usage;
 import org.gradle.api.attributes.java.TargetJvmVersion;
 import org.gradle.api.plugins.JavaPlugin;
 import org.gradle.api.plugins.jvm.JvmTestSuite;
+import org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskProvider;
 import org.gradle.api.tasks.testing.Test;
 import org.gradle.testing.base.TestingExtension;
 
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ public class RuntimeHintsAgentPlugin implements Plugin<Project> {
 			TestingExtension testing = project.getExtensions().getByType(TestingExtension.class);
 			JvmTestSuite jvmTestSuite = (JvmTestSuite) testing.getSuites().getByName("test");
 			RuntimeHintsAgentExtension agentExtension = createRuntimeHintsAgentExtension(project);
-			Test agentTest = project.getTasks().create(RUNTIMEHINTS_TEST_TASK, Test.class, test -> {
+			TaskProvider<Test> agentTest = project.getTasks().register(RUNTIMEHINTS_TEST_TASK, Test.class, test -> {
 				test.useJUnitPlatform(options -> {
 					options.includeTags("RuntimeHintsTests");
 				});
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ public class RuntimeHintsAgentPlugin implements Plugin<Project> {
 				test.setClasspath(jvmTestSuite.getSources().getRuntimeClasspath());
 				test.getJvmArgumentProviders().add(createRuntimeHintsAgentArgumentProvider(project, agentExtension));
 			});
-			project.getTasks().getByName("check", task -> task.dependsOn(agentTest));
+			project.getTasks().named("check", task -> task.dependsOn(agentTest));
 			project.getDependencies().add(CONFIGURATION_NAME, project.project(":spring-core-test"));
 		});
 	}

framework-api/framework-api.gradle

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ apply from: "${rootDir}/gradle/publications.gradle"
 
 repositories {
 	maven {
-		url "https://repo.spring.io/release"
+		url = "https://repo.spring.io/release"
 	}
 }
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ tasks.register('schemaZip', Zip) {
 	archiveClassifier.set("schema")
 	description = "Builds -${archiveClassifier} archive containing all " +
 			"XSDs for deployment at https://springframework.org/schema."
-	duplicatesStrategy DuplicatesStrategy.EXCLUDE
+	duplicatesStrategy = DuplicatesStrategy.EXCLUDE
 	moduleProjects.each { module ->
 		def Properties schemas = new Properties();
 

framework-docs/framework-docs.gradle

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ javadoc {
 
 repositories {
 	maven {
-		url "https://repo.spring.io/release"
+		url = "https://repo.spring.io/release"
 	}
 }
 

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/beans/annotation-config/autowired.adoc

@@ -444,9 +444,9 @@ through Java 8's `java.util.Optional`, as the following example shows:
 	}
 ----
 
-You can also use a `@Nullable` annotation (of any kind in any package -- for example,
-`javax.annotation.Nullable` from JSR-305) or just leverage Kotlin built-in null-safety
-support:
+You can also use a parameter-level `@Nullable` annotation (of any kind in any package --
+for example, `javax.annotation.Nullable` from JSR-305) or just leverage Kotlin built-in
+null-safety support:
 
 [tabs]
 ======
@@ -477,6 +477,13 @@ Kotlin::
 ----
 ======
 
+[NOTE]
+====
+A type-level `@Nullable` annotation such as from JSpecify is not supported in Spring
+Framework 6.2 yet. You need to upgrade to Spring Framework 7.0 where the framework
+detects type-level annotations and consistently declares JSpecify in its own codebase.
+====
+
 You can also use `@Autowired` for interfaces that are well-known resolvable
 dependencies: `BeanFactory`, `ApplicationContext`, `Environment`, `ResourceLoader`,
 `ApplicationEventPublisher`, and `MessageSource`. These interfaces and their extended

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/beans/context-introduction.adoc

@@ -578,6 +578,8 @@ Kotlin::
 ----
 ======
 
+NOTE: Do not define such beans to be lazy as the `ApplicationContext` will honour that and will not register the method to listen to events.
+
 The method signature once again declares the event type to which it listens,
 but, this time, with a flexible name and without implementing a specific listener interface.
 The event type can also be narrowed through generics as long as the actual event type

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/beans/definition.adoc

@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ The following table describes these properties:
 In addition to bean definitions that contain information on how to create a specific
 bean, the `ApplicationContext` implementations also permit the registration of existing
 objects that are created outside the container (by users). This is done by accessing the
-ApplicationContext's `BeanFactory` through the `getBeanFactory()` method, which returns
-the `DefaultListableBeanFactory` implementation. `DefaultListableBeanFactory` supports
-this registration through the `registerSingleton(..)` and `registerBeanDefinition(..)`
+ApplicationContext's `BeanFactory` through the `getAutowireCapableBeanFactory()` method,
+which returns the `DefaultListableBeanFactory` implementation. `DefaultListableBeanFactory`
+supports this registration through the `registerSingleton(..)` and `registerBeanDefinition(..)`
 methods. However, typical applications work solely with beans defined through regular
 bean definition metadata.
 

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/beans/dependencies/factory-dependson.adoc

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 If a bean is a dependency of another bean, that usually means that one bean is set as a
 property of another. Typically you accomplish this with the
-xref:core/beans/dependencies/factory-properties-detailed.adoc#beans-ref-element[`<ref/>` element>]
+xref:core/beans/dependencies/factory-properties-detailed.adoc#beans-ref-element[`<ref/>` element]
 in XML-based metadata or through xref:core/beans/dependencies/factory-autowire.adoc[autowiring].
 
 However, sometimes dependencies between beans are less direct. An example is when a static

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/beans/dependencies/factory-method-injection.adoc

@@ -120,8 +120,6 @@ dynamically generate a subclass that overrides the method.
   subclasses cannot be `final`, and the method to be overridden cannot be `final`, either.
 * Unit-testing a class that has an `abstract` method requires you to subclass the class
   yourself and to supply a stub implementation of the `abstract` method.
-* Concrete methods are also necessary for component scanning, which requires concrete
-  classes to pick up.
 * A further key limitation is that lookup methods do not work with factory methods and
   in particular not with `@Bean` methods in configuration classes, since, in that case,
   the container is not in charge of creating the instance and therefore cannot create
@@ -293,11 +291,6 @@ Kotlin::
 ----
 ======
 
-Note that you should typically declare such annotated lookup methods with a concrete
-stub implementation, in order for them to be compatible with Spring's component
-scanning rules where abstract classes get ignored by default. This limitation does not
-apply to explicitly registered or explicitly imported bean classes.
-
 [TIP]
 ====
 Another way of accessing differently scoped target beans is an `ObjectFactory`/

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/beans/dependencies/factory-properties-detailed.adoc

@@ -168,8 +168,8 @@ listings shows how to use the `parent` attribute:
 
 [source,xml,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
-	<!-- in the child (descendant) context -->
-	<bean id="accountService" <!-- bean name is the same as the parent bean -->
+	<!-- in the child (descendant) context, bean name is the same as the parent bean -->
+	<bean id="accountService" 
 		class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
 		<property name="target">
 			<ref parent="accountService"/> <!-- notice how we refer to the parent bean -->

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/beans/java/basic-concepts.adoc

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ This prevents the same `@Bean` method from accidentally being invoked through a
 Java method call, which helps to reduce subtle bugs that can be hard to track down.
 
 When `@Bean` methods are declared within classes that are not annotated with
-`@Configuration` - or when `@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods=false)` is declared -,
+`@Configuration`, or when `@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods=false)` is declared,
 they are referred to as being processed in a "lite" mode. In such scenarios,
 `@Bean` methods are effectively a general-purpose factory method mechanism without
 special runtime processing (that is, without generating a CGLIB subclass for it).

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/index.adoc

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ xref:overview.adoc[Overview] :: History, Design Philosophy, Feedback,
 Getting Started.
 xref:core.adoc[Core] :: IoC Container, Events, Resources, i18n,
 Validation, Data Binding, Type Conversion, SpEL, AOP, AOT.
-<<testing.adoc#testing, Testing>> :: Mock Objects, TestContext Framework,
+xref:testing.adoc[Testing] :: Mock Objects, TestContext Framework,
 Spring MVC Test, WebTestClient.
 xref:data-access.adoc[Data Access] :: Transactions, DAO Support,
 JDBC, R2DBC, O/R Mapping, XML Marshalling.

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/integration/observability.adoc

@@ -270,6 +270,7 @@ By default, the following `KeyValues` are created:
 == HTTP Client Instrumentation
 
 HTTP client exchange observations are created with the name `"http.client.requests"` for blocking and reactive clients.
+This observation measures the entire HTTP request/response exchange, from connection establishment up to body deserialization.
 Unlike their server counterparts, the instrumentation is implemented directly in the client so the only required step is to configure an `ObservationRegistry` on the client.
 
 [[observability.http-client.resttemplate]]
@@ -285,7 +286,7 @@ Instrumentation uses the `org.springframework.http.client.observation.ClientRequ
 |===
 |Name | Description
 |`method` _(required)_|Name of the HTTP request method or `"none"` if not a well-known method.
-|`uri` _(required)_|URI template used for HTTP request, or `"none"` if none was provided. Only the path part of the URI is considered.
+|`uri` _(required)_|URI template used for HTTP request, or `"none"` if none was provided. The protocol, host and port part of the URI are not considered.
 |`client.name` _(required)_|Client name derived from the request URI host.
 |`status` _(required)_|HTTP response raw status code, or `"IO_ERROR"` in case of `IOException`, or `"CLIENT_ERROR"` if no response was received.
 |`outcome` _(required)_|Outcome of the HTTP client exchange.
@@ -313,7 +314,7 @@ Instrumentation uses the `org.springframework.http.client.observation.ClientRequ
 |===
 |Name | Description
 |`method` _(required)_|Name of the HTTP request method or `"none"` if the request could not be created.
-|`uri` _(required)_|URI template used for HTTP request, or `"none"` if none was provided. Only the path part of the URI is considered.
+|`uri` _(required)_|URI template used for HTTP request, or `"none"` if none was provided. The protocol, host and port part of the URI are not considered.
 |`client.name` _(required)_|Client name derived from the request URI host.
 |`status` _(required)_|HTTP response raw status code, or `"IO_ERROR"` in case of `IOException`, or `"CLIENT_ERROR"` if no response was received.
 |`outcome` _(required)_|Outcome of the HTTP client exchange.
@@ -342,7 +343,7 @@ Instrumentation uses the `org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.Clien
 |===
 |Name | Description
 |`method` _(required)_|Name of the HTTP request method or `"none"` if not a well-known method.
-|`uri` _(required)_|URI template used for HTTP request, or `"none"` if none was provided. Only the path part of the URI is considered.
+|`uri` _(required)_|URI template used for HTTP request, or `"none"` if none was provided. The protocol, host and port part of the URI are not considered.
 |`client.name` _(required)_|Client name derived from the request URI host.
 |`status` _(required)_|HTTP response raw status code, or `"IO_ERROR"` in case of `IOException`, or `"CLIENT_ERROR"` if no response was received.
 |`outcome` _(required)_|Outcome of the HTTP client exchange.

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/integration/rest-clients.adoc

@@ -115,11 +115,15 @@ Finally, the body can be set to a callback function that writes to an `OutputStr
 
 ==== Retrieving the response
 
-Once the request has been set up, the HTTP response is accessed by invoking `retrieve()`.
-The response body can be accessed by using `body(Class)` or `body(ParameterizedTypeReference)` for parameterized types like lists.
+Once the request has been set up, it can be sent by chaining method calls after `retrieve()`.
+For example, the response body can be accessed by using `retrieve().body(Class)` or `retrieve().body(ParameterizedTypeReference)` for parameterized types like lists.
 The `body` method converts the response contents into various types – for instance, bytes can be converted into a `String`, JSON can be converted into objects using Jackson, and so on (see <<rest-message-conversion>>).
 
-The response can also be converted into a `ResponseEntity`, giving access to the response headers as well as the body.
+The response can also be converted into a `ResponseEntity`, giving access to the response headers as well as the body, with `retrieve().toEntity(Class)`
+
+NOTE: Calling `retrieve()` by itself is a no-op and returns a `ResponseSpec`.
+Applications must invoke a terminal operation on the `ResponseSpec` to have any side effect.
+If consuming the response has no interest for your use case, you can use `retrieve().toBodilessEntity()`.
 
 This sample shows how `RestClient` can be used to perform a simple `GET` request.
 
@@ -853,7 +857,7 @@ Start by creating the interface with `@HttpExchange` methods:
 
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
-	interface RepositoryService {
+	public interface RepositoryService {
 
 		@GetExchange("/repos/{owner}/{repo}")
 		Repository getRepository(@PathVariable String owner, @PathVariable String repo);
@@ -904,7 +908,7 @@ For `RestTemplate`:
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
 	@HttpExchange(url = "/repos/{owner}/{repo}", accept = "application/vnd.github.v3+json")
-	interface RepositoryService {
+	public interface RepositoryService {
 
 		@GetExchange
 		Repository getRepository(@PathVariable String owner, @PathVariable String repo);
@@ -938,10 +942,10 @@ method parameters:
 | Dynamically set the HTTP method for the request, overriding the annotation's `method` attribute
 
 | `@RequestHeader`
-| Add a request header or multiple headers. The argument may be a `Map<String, ?>` or
-  `MultiValueMap<String, ?>` with multiple headers, a `Collection<?>` of values, or an
-  individual value. Type conversion is supported for non-String values. This overrides
-  the annotation's `headers` attribute.
+| Add a request header or multiple headers. The argument may be a single value,
+  a `Collection<?>` of values, `Map<String, ?>`,`MultiValueMap<String, ?>`.
+  Type conversion is supported for non-String values. Header values are added and
+  do not override already added header values.
 
 | `@PathVariable`
 | Add a variable for expand a placeholder in the request URL. The argument may be a
@@ -988,6 +992,27 @@ parameter annotation) is set to `false`, or the parameter is marked optional as
 
 
 
+[[rest-http-interface.custom-resolver]]
+=== Custom argument resolver
+
+For more complex cases, HTTP interfaces do not support `RequestEntity` types as method parameters.
+This would take over the entire HTTP request and not improve the semantics of the interface.
+Instead of adding many method parameters, developers can combine them into a custom type
+and configure a dedicated `HttpServiceArgumentResolver` implementation.
+
+In the following HTTP interface, we are using a custom `Search` type as a parameter:
+
+include-code::./CustomHttpServiceArgumentResolver[tag=httpinterface,indent=0]
+
+We can implement our own `HttpServiceArgumentResolver` that supports our custom `Search` type
+and writes its data in the outgoing HTTP request.
+
+include-code::./CustomHttpServiceArgumentResolver[tag=argumentresolver,indent=0]
+
+Finally, we can use this argument resolver during the setup and use our HTTP interface.
+
+include-code::./CustomHttpServiceArgumentResolver[tag=usage,indent=0]
+
 [[rest-http-interface-return-values]]
 === Return Values
 

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/languages/kotlin/annotations.adoc

@@ -14,16 +14,13 @@ For example, `@Autowired lateinit var thing: Thing` implies that a bean
 of type `Thing` must be registered in the application context, while `@Autowired lateinit var thing: Thing?`
 does not raise an error if such a bean does not exist.
 
-Following the same principle, `@Bean fun play(toy: Toy, car: Car?) = Baz(toy, Car)` implies
+Following the same principle, `@Bean fun play(toy: Toy, car: Car?) = Baz(toy, car)` implies
 that a bean of type `Toy` must be registered in the application context, while a bean of
 type `Car` may or may not exist. The same behavior applies to autowired constructor parameters.
 
 NOTE: If you use bean validation on classes with properties or a primary constructor
-parameters, you may need to use
+with parameters, you may need to use
 {kotlin-docs}/annotations.html#annotation-use-site-targets[annotation use-site targets],
 such as `@field:NotNull` or `@get:Size(min=5, max=15)`, as described in
 {stackoverflow-site}/a/35853200/1092077[this Stack Overflow response].
 
-
-
-

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/testing/annotations/integration-spring/annotation-mockitobean.adoc

@@ -1,42 +1,62 @@
 [[spring-testing-annotation-beanoverriding-mockitobean]]
 = `@MockitoBean` and `@MockitoSpyBean`
 
-`@MockitoBean` and `@MockitoSpyBean` are used on non-static fields in test classes to
-override beans in the test's `ApplicationContext` with a Mockito _mock_ or _spy_,
-respectively. In the latter case, an early instance of the original bean is captured and
-wrapped by the spy.
+{spring-framework-api}/test/context/bean/override/mockito/MockitoBean.html[`@MockitoBean`] and
+{spring-framework-api}/test/context/bean/override/mockito/MockitoSpyBean.html[`@MockitoSpyBean`]
+can be used in test classes to override a bean in the test's `ApplicationContext` with a
+Mockito _mock_ or _spy_, respectively. In the latter case, an early instance of the
+original bean is captured and wrapped by the spy.
 
-By default, the annotated field's type is used to search for candidate beans to override.
-If multiple candidates match, `@Qualifier` can be provided to narrow the candidate to
-override. Alternatively, a candidate whose bean name matches the name of the field will
-match.
+The annotations can be applied in the following ways.
 
-When using `@MockitoBean`, a new bean will be created if a corresponding bean does not
-exist. However, if you would like for the test to fail when a corresponding bean does not
-exist, you can set the `enforceOverride` attribute to `true` – for example,
-`@MockitoBean(enforceOverride = true)`.
+* On a non-static field in a test class or any of its superclasses.
+* On a non-static field in an enclosing class for a `@Nested` test class or in any class
+  in the type hierarchy or enclosing class hierarchy above the `@Nested` test class.
+* At the type level on a test class or any superclass or implemented interface in the
+  type hierarchy above the test class.
+* At the type level on an enclosing class for a `@Nested` test class or on any class or
+  interface in the type hierarchy or enclosing class hierarchy above the `@Nested` test
+  class.
 
-To use a by-name override rather than a by-type override, specify the `name` attribute
-of the annotation.
+When `@MockitoBean` or `@MockitoSpyBean` is declared on a field, the bean to mock or spy
+is inferred from the type of the annotated field. If multiple candidates exist in the
+`ApplicationContext`, a `@Qualifier` annotation can be declared on the field to help
+disambiguate. In the absence of a `@Qualifier` annotation, the name of the annotated
+field will be used as a _fallback qualifier_. Alternatively, you can explicitly specify a
+bean name to mock or spy by setting the `value` or `name` attribute in the annotation.
+
+When `@MockitoBean` or `@MockitoSpyBean` is declared at the type level, the type of bean
+(or beans) to mock or spy must be supplied via the `types` attribute in the annotation –
+for example, `@MockitoBean(types = {OrderService.class, UserService.class})`. If multiple
+candidates exist in the `ApplicationContext`, you can explicitly specify a bean name to
+mock or spy by setting the `name` attribute. Note, however, that the `types` attribute
+must contain a single type if an explicit bean `name` is configured – for example,
+`@MockitoBean(name = "ps1", types = PrintingService.class)`.
+
+To support reuse of mock configuration, `@MockitoBean` and `@MockitoSpyBean` may be used
+as meta-annotations to create custom _composed annotations_ – for example, to define
+common mock or spy configuration in a single annotation that can be reused across a test
+suite. `@MockitoBean` and `@MockitoSpyBean` can also be used as repeatable annotations at
+the type level — for example, to mock or spy several beans by name.
 
 [WARNING]
 ====
-Qualifiers, including the name of the field, are used to determine if a separate
+Qualifiers, including the name of a field, are used to determine if a separate
 `ApplicationContext` needs to be created. If you are using this feature to mock or spy
-the same bean in several tests, make sure to name the field consistently to avoid
+the same bean in several test classes, make sure to name the fields consistently to avoid
 creating unnecessary contexts.
 ====
 
-Each annotation also defines Mockito-specific attributes to fine-tune the mocking details.
+Each annotation also defines Mockito-specific attributes to fine-tune the mocking behavior.
 
-By default, the `@MockitoBean` annotation uses the `REPLACE_OR_CREATE`
-xref:testing/testcontext-framework/bean-overriding.adoc#testcontext-bean-overriding-custom[strategy for test bean overriding].
-If no existing bean matches, a new bean is created on the fly. As mentioned previously,
-you can switch to the `REPLACE` strategy by setting the `enforceOverride` attribute to
-`true`.
+The `@MockitoBean` annotation uses the `REPLACE_OR_CREATE`
+xref:testing/testcontext-framework/bean-overriding.adoc#testcontext-bean-overriding-strategy[strategy for bean overrides].
+If a corresponding bean does not exist, a new bean will be created. However, you can
+switch to the `REPLACE` strategy by setting the `enforceOverride` attribute to `true` –
+for example, `@MockitoBean(enforceOverride = true)`.
 
 The `@MockitoSpyBean` annotation uses the `WRAP`
-xref:testing/testcontext-framework/bean-overriding.adoc#testcontext-bean-overriding-custom[strategy],
+xref:testing/testcontext-framework/bean-overriding.adoc#testcontext-bean-overriding-strategy[strategy],
 and the original instance is wrapped in a Mockito spy. This strategy requires that
 exactly one candidate bean exists.
 
@@ -61,7 +81,11 @@ Such fields can therefore be `public`, `protected`, package-private (default vis
 or `private` depending on the needs or coding practices of the project.
 ====
 
-The following example shows how to use the default behavior of the `@MockitoBean` annotation:
+[[spring-testing-annotation-beanoverriding-mockitobean-examples]]
+== `@MockitoBean` Examples
+
+The following example shows how to use the default behavior of the `@MockitoBean`
+annotation.
 
 [tabs]
 ======
@@ -69,23 +93,26 @@ Java::
 +
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
-	class OverrideBeanTests {
+	@SpringJUnitConfig(TestConfig.class)
+	class BeanOverrideTests {
+
 		@MockitoBean // <1>
 		CustomService customService;
 
-		// test case body...
+		// tests...
 	}
 ----
-<1> Replace the bean with type `CustomService` with a Mockito `mock`.
+<1> Replace the bean with type `CustomService` with a Mockito mock.
 ======
 
 In the example above, we are creating a mock for `CustomService`. If more than one bean
 of that type exists, the bean named `customService` is considered. Otherwise, the test
 will fail, and you will need to provide a qualifier of some sort to identify which of the
-`CustomService` beans you want to override. If no such bean exists, a bean definition
-will be created with an auto-generated bean name.
+`CustomService` beans you want to override. If no such bean exists, a bean will be
+created with an auto-generated bean name.
 
-The following example uses a by-name lookup, rather than a by-type lookup:
+The following example uses a by-name lookup, rather than a by-type lookup. If no bean
+named `service` exists, one is created.
 
 [tabs]
 ======
@@ -93,20 +120,20 @@ Java::
 +
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
-	class OverrideBeanTests {
+	@SpringJUnitConfig(TestConfig.class)
+	class BeanOverrideTests {
+
 		@MockitoBean("service") // <1>
 		CustomService customService;
 
-		// test case body...
+		// tests...
 
 	}
 ----
-<1> Replace the bean named `service` with a Mockito `mock`.
+<1> Replace the bean named `service` with a Mockito mock.
 ======
 
-If no bean definition named `service` exists, one is created.
-
-The following example shows how to use the default behavior of the `@MockitoSpyBean` annotation:
+The following `@SharedMocks` annotation registers two mocks by-type and one mock by-name.
 
 [tabs]
 ======
@@ -114,14 +141,73 @@ Java::
 +
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
-	class OverrideBeanTests {
+	@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
+	@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+	@MockitoBean(types = {OrderService.class, UserService.class}) // <1>
+	@MockitoBean(name = "ps1", types = PrintingService.class) // <2>
+	public @interface SharedMocks {
+	}
+----
+<1> Register `OrderService` and `UserService` mocks by-type.
+<2> Register `PrintingService` mock by-name.
+======
+
+The following demonstrates how `@SharedMocks` can be used on a test class.
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
+----
+	@SpringJUnitConfig(TestConfig.class)
+	@SharedMocks // <1>
+	class BeanOverrideTests {
+
+		@Autowired OrderService orderService; // <2>
+
+		@Autowired UserService userService; // <2>
+
+		@Autowired PrintingService ps1; // <2>
+
+		// Inject other components that rely on the mocks.
+
+		@Test
+		void testThatDependsOnMocks() {
+			// ...
+		}
+	}
+----
+<1> Register common mocks via the custom `@SharedMocks` annotation.
+<2> Optionally inject mocks to _stub_ or _verify_ them.
+======
+
+TIP: The mocks can also be injected into `@Configuration` classes or other test-related
+components in the `ApplicationContext` in order to configure them with Mockito's stubbing
+APIs.
+
+[[spring-testing-annotation-beanoverriding-mockitospybean-examples]]
+== `@MockitoSpyBean` Examples
+
+The following example shows how to use the default behavior of the `@MockitoSpyBean`
+annotation.
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
+----
+	@SpringJUnitConfig(TestConfig.class)
+	class BeanOverrideTests {
+
 		@MockitoSpyBean // <1>
 		CustomService customService;
 
-		// test case body...
+		// tests...
 	}
 ----
-<1> Wrap the bean with type `CustomService` with a Mockito `spy`.
+<1> Wrap the bean with type `CustomService` with a Mockito spy.
 ======
 
 In the example above, we are wrapping the bean with type `CustomService`. If more than
@@ -129,7 +215,7 @@ one bean of that type exists, the bean named `customService` is considered. Othe
 the test will fail, and you will need to provide a qualifier of some sort to identify
 which of the `CustomService` beans you want to spy.
 
-The following example uses a by-name lookup, rather than a by-type lookup:
+The following example uses a by-name lookup, rather than a by-type lookup.
 
 [tabs]
 ======
@@ -137,13 +223,67 @@ Java::
 +
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
-	class OverrideBeanTests {
+	@SpringJUnitConfig(TestConfig.class)
+	class BeanOverrideTests {
+
 		@MockitoSpyBean("service") // <1>
 		CustomService customService;
 
-		// test case body...
-
+		// tests...
 	}
 ----
-<1> Wrap the bean named `service` with a Mockito `spy`.
+<1> Wrap the bean named `service` with a Mockito spy.
 ======
+
+The following `@SharedSpies` annotation registers two spies by-type and one spy by-name.
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
+----
+	@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
+	@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+	@MockitoSpyBean(types = {OrderService.class, UserService.class}) // <1>
+	@MockitoSpyBean(name = "ps1", types = PrintingService.class) // <2>
+	public @interface SharedSpies {
+	}
+----
+<1> Register `OrderService` and `UserService` spies by-type.
+<2> Register `PrintingService` spy by-name.
+======
+
+The following demonstrates how `@SharedSpies` can be used on a test class.
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
+----
+	@SpringJUnitConfig(TestConfig.class)
+	@SharedSpies // <1>
+	class BeanOverrideTests {
+
+		@Autowired OrderService orderService; // <2>
+
+		@Autowired UserService userService; // <2>
+
+		@Autowired PrintingService ps1; // <2>
+
+		// Inject other components that rely on the spies.
+
+		@Test
+		void testThatDependsOnMocks() {
+			// ...
+		}
+	}
+----
+<1> Register common spies via the custom `@SharedSpies` annotation.
+<2> Optionally inject spies to _stub_ or _verify_ them.
+======
+
+TIP: The spies can also be injected into `@Configuration` classes or other test-related
+components in the `ApplicationContext` in order to configure them with Mockito's stubbing
+APIs.

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/testing/annotations/integration-spring/annotation-testbean.adoc

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 [[spring-testing-annotation-beanoverriding-testbean]]
 = `@TestBean`
 
-`@TestBean` is used on a non-static field in a test class to override a specific bean in
-the test's `ApplicationContext` with an instance provided by a factory method.
+{spring-framework-api}/test/context/bean/override/convention/TestBean.html[`@TestBean`]
+is used on a non-static field in a test class to override a specific bean in the test's
+`ApplicationContext` with an instance provided by a factory method.
 
 The associated factory method name is derived from the annotated field's name, or the
 bean name if specified. The factory method must be `static`, accept no arguments, and
@@ -92,8 +93,10 @@ Java::
 
 [TIP]
 ====
-Spring searches for the factory method to invoke in the test class, in the test class
-hierarchy, and in the enclosing class hierarchy for a `@Nested` test class.
+To locate the factory method to invoke, Spring searches in the class in which the
+`@TestBean` field is declared, in one of its superclasses, or in any implemented
+interfaces. If the `@TestBean` field is declared in a `@Nested` test class, the enclosing
+class hierarchy will also be searched.
 
 Alternatively, a factory method in an external class can be referenced via its
 fully-qualified method name following the syntax `<fully-qualified class name>#<method name>`

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/testing/testcontext-framework/bean-overriding.adoc

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 = Bean Overriding in Tests
 
 Bean overriding in tests refers to the ability to override specific beans in the
-`ApplicationContext` for a test class, by annotating one or more non-static fields in the
-test class.
+`ApplicationContext` for a test class, by annotating the test class or one or more
+non-static fields in the test class.
 
 NOTE: This feature is intended as a less risky alternative to the practice of registering
 a bean via `@Bean` with the `DefaultListableBeanFactory`
@@ -42,15 +42,16 @@ The `spring-test` module registers implementations of the latter two
 {spring-framework-code}/spring-test/src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factories[`META-INF/spring.factories`
 properties file].
 
-The bean overriding infrastructure searches in test classes for any non-static field that
-is meta-annotated with `@BeanOverride` and instantiates the corresponding
-`BeanOverrideProcessor` which is responsible for creating an appropriate
-`BeanOverrideHandler`.
+The bean overriding infrastructure searches for annotations on test classes as well as
+annotations on non-static fields in test classes that are meta-annotated with
+`@BeanOverride` and instantiates the corresponding `BeanOverrideProcessor` which is
+responsible for creating an appropriate `BeanOverrideHandler`.
 
 The internal `BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor` then uses bean override handlers to
 alter the test's `ApplicationContext` by creating, replacing, or wrapping beans as
 defined by the corresponding `BeanOverrideStrategy`:
 
+[[testcontext-bean-overriding-strategy]]
 `REPLACE`::
   Replaces the bean. Throws an exception if a corresponding bean does not exist.
 `REPLACE_OR_CREATE`::

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/testing/testcontext-framework/tel-config.adoc

@@ -7,16 +7,17 @@ by default, exactly in the following order:
 * `ServletTestExecutionListener`: Configures Servlet API mocks for a
   `WebApplicationContext`.
 * `DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener`: Handles the `@DirtiesContext`
-  annotation for "`before`" modes.
+  annotation for "before" modes.
 * `ApplicationEventsTestExecutionListener`: Provides support for
   xref:testing/testcontext-framework/application-events.adoc[`ApplicationEvents`].
-* `BeanOverrideTestExecutionListener`: Provides support for xref:testing/testcontext-framework/bean-overriding.adoc[] .
+* `BeanOverrideTestExecutionListener`: Provides support for
+  xref:testing/testcontext-framework/bean-overriding.adoc[].
 * `DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener`: Provides dependency injection for the test
   instance.
 * `MicrometerObservationRegistryTestExecutionListener`: Provides support for
   Micrometer's `ObservationRegistry`.
 * `DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener`: Handles the `@DirtiesContext` annotation for
-  "`after`" modes.
+  "after" modes.
 * `CommonCachesTestExecutionListener`: Clears resource caches in the test's
   `ApplicationContext` if necessary.
 * `TransactionalTestExecutionListener`: Provides transactional test execution with
@@ -161,15 +162,16 @@ change from release to release -- for example, `SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener`
 introduced in Spring Framework 4.1, and `DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener`
 was introduced in Spring Framework 4.2. Furthermore, third-party frameworks like Spring
 Boot and Spring Security register their own default `TestExecutionListener`
-implementations by using the aforementioned xref:testing/testcontext-framework/tel-config.adoc#testcontext-tel-config-automatic-discovery[automatic discovery mechanism]
-.
+implementations by using the aforementioned
+xref:testing/testcontext-framework/tel-config.adoc#testcontext-tel-config-automatic-discovery[automatic discovery mechanism].
 
 To avoid having to be aware of and re-declare all default listeners, you can set the
 `mergeMode` attribute of `@TestExecutionListeners` to `MergeMode.MERGE_WITH_DEFAULTS`.
 `MERGE_WITH_DEFAULTS` indicates that locally declared listeners should be merged with the
 default listeners. The merging algorithm ensures that duplicates are removed from the
 list and that the resulting set of merged listeners is sorted according to the semantics
-of `AnnotationAwareOrderComparator`, as described in xref:testing/testcontext-framework/tel-config.adoc#testcontext-tel-config-ordering[Ordering `TestExecutionListener` Implementations].
+of `AnnotationAwareOrderComparator`, as described in
+xref:testing/testcontext-framework/tel-config.adoc#testcontext-tel-config-ordering[Ordering `TestExecutionListener` Implementations].
 If a listener implements `Ordered` or is annotated with `@Order`, it can influence the
 position in which it is merged with the defaults. Otherwise, locally declared listeners
 are appended to the list of default listeners when merged.

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/testing/webtestclient.adoc

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ Kotlin::
 [[webtestclient-fn-config]]
 === Bind to Router Function
 
-This setup allows you to test <<web-reactive.adoc#webflux-fn, functional endpoints>> via
+This setup allows you to test xref:web/webflux-functional.adoc[functional endpoints] via
 mock request and response objects, without a running server.
 
 For WebFlux, use the following which delegates to `RouterFunctions.toWebHandler` to

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webflux-cors.adoc

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 [[webflux-cors]]
 = CORS
+
 [.small]#xref:web/webmvc-cors.adoc[See equivalent in the Servlet stack]#
 
 Spring WebFlux lets you handle CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing). This section
@@ -364,7 +365,7 @@ Kotlin::
 
 You can apply CORS support through the built-in
 {spring-framework-api}/web/cors/reactive/CorsWebFilter.html[`CorsWebFilter`], which is a
-good fit with <<webflux-fn, functional endpoints>>.
+good fit with xref:web/webflux-functional.adoc[functional endpoints].
 
 NOTE: If you try to use the `CorsFilter` with Spring Security, keep in mind that Spring
 Security has {docs-spring-security}/servlet/integrations/cors.html[built-in support] for

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webflux-functional.adoc

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 [[webflux-fn]]
 = Functional Endpoints
+
 [.small]#xref:web/webmvc-functional.adoc[See equivalent in the Servlet stack]#
 
 Spring WebFlux includes WebFlux.fn, a lightweight functional programming model in which functions

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webflux-view.adoc

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 [[webflux-view]]
 = View Technologies
+
 [.small]#xref:web/webmvc-view.adoc[See equivalent in the Servlet stack]#
 
 The rendering of views in Spring WebFlux is pluggable. Whether you decide to

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webflux-websocket.adoc

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 [[webflux-websocket]]
 = WebSockets
+
 [.small]#xref:web/websocket.adoc[See equivalent in the Servlet stack]#
 
 This part of the reference documentation covers support for reactive-stack WebSocket

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webflux/controller/ann-requestmapping.adoc

@@ -605,9 +605,4 @@ For method parameters and returns values, generally, `@HttpExchange` supports a
 subset of the method parameters that `@RequestMapping` does. Notably, it excludes any
 server-side specific parameter types. For details, see the list for
 xref:integration/rest-clients.adoc#rest-http-interface-method-parameters[@HttpExchange] and
-xref:web/webflux/controller/ann-methods/arguments.adoc[@RequestMapping].
-
-`@HttpExchange` also supports a `headers()` parameter which accepts `"name=value"`-like
-pairs like in `@RequestMapping(headers={})` on the client side. On the server side,
-this extends to the full syntax that
-xref:#webflux-ann-requestmapping-params-and-headers[`@RequestMapping`] supports.
+xref:web/webflux/controller/ann-methods/arguments.adoc[@RequestMapping].

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webflux/new-framework.adoc

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ On that foundation, Spring WebFlux provides a choice of two programming models:
 from the `spring-web` module. Both Spring MVC and WebFlux controllers support reactive
 (Reactor and RxJava) return types, and, as a result, it is not easy to tell them apart. One notable
 difference is that WebFlux also supports reactive `@RequestBody` arguments.
-* <<webflux-fn>>: Lambda-based, lightweight, and functional programming model. You can think of
+* xref:web/webflux-functional.adoc[Functional Endpoints]: Lambda-based, lightweight, and functional programming model. You can think of
 this as a small library or a set of utilities that an application can use to route and
 handle requests. The big difference with annotated controllers is that the application
 is in charge of request handling from start to finish versus declaring intent through

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webmvc-cors.adoc

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 [[mvc-cors]]
 = CORS
+
 [.small]#xref:web/webflux-cors.adoc[See equivalent in the Reactive stack]#
 
 Spring MVC lets you handle CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing). This section

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webmvc-functional.adoc

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 [[webmvc-fn]]
 = Functional Endpoints
-[.small]#<<web-reactive.adoc#webflux-fn, See equivalent in the Reactive stack>>#
+
+[.small]#xref:web/webflux-functional.adoc[See equivalent in the Reactive stack]#
 
 Spring Web MVC includes WebMvc.fn, a lightweight functional programming model in which functions
 are used to route and handle requests and contracts are designed for immutability.

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webmvc-view.adoc

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 [[mvc-view]]
 = View Technologies
 :page-section-summary-toc: 1
+
 [.small]#xref:web/webflux-view.adoc[See equivalent in the Reactive stack]#
 
 The rendering of views in Spring MVC is pluggable. Whether you decide to use

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webmvc-view/mvc-freemarker.adoc

@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ the `Configuration` object.
 
 [[mvc-view-freemarker-forms]]
 == Form Handling
+[.small]#xref:web/webflux-view.adoc#webflux-view-freemarker-forms[See equivalent in the Reactive stack]#
 
 Spring provides a tag library for use in JSPs that contains, among others, a
 `<spring:bind/>` element. This element primarily lets forms display values from

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webmvc-view/mvc-script.adoc

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ through https://www.webjars.org/[WebJars].
 
 [[mvc-view-script-integrate]]
 == Script Templates
-[.small]#xref:web/webflux-view.adoc#webflux-view-script[See equivalent in the Reactive stack]#
+[.small]#xref:web/webflux-view.adoc#webflux-view-script-integrate[See equivalent in the Reactive stack]#
 
 You can declare a `ScriptTemplateConfigurer` bean to specify the script engine to use,
 the script files to load, what function to call to render templates, and so on.

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webmvc/mvc-ann-rest-exceptions.adoc

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ already set.
 "application/problem+json" over "application/json" when rendering a `ProblemDetail`,
 and also falls back on it if no compatible media type is found.
 
-To enable RFC 9457 responses for Spring WebFlux exceptions and for any
+To enable RFC 9457 responses for Spring MVC exceptions and for any
 `ErrorResponseException`, extend `ResponseEntityExceptionHandler` and declare it as an
 xref:web/webmvc/mvc-controller/ann-advice.adoc[@ControllerAdvice] in Spring configuration. The handler
 has an `@ExceptionHandler` method that handles any `ErrorResponse` exception, which

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/websocket.adoc

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 [[websocket]]
 = WebSockets
 :page-section-summary-toc: 1
+
 [.small]#xref:web/webflux-websocket.adoc[See equivalent in the Reactive stack]#
 
 This part of the reference documentation covers support for Servlet stack, WebSocket

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/websocket/stomp/ordered-messages.adoc

@@ -19,6 +19,6 @@ from where they are handled according to their destination prefix. As the channe
 a `ThreadPoolExecutor`, messages are processed in different threads, and the resulting sequence
 of handling may not match the exact order in which they were received.
 
-To enable ordered publishing, set the `setPreserveReceiveOrder` flag as follows:
+To enable ordered receiving, set the `setPreserveReceiveOrder` flag as follows:
 
 include-code::./ReceiveOrderWebSocketConfiguration[tag=snippet,indent=0]

framework-docs/package.json

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
     "@antora/collector-extension": "1.0.0-alpha.3",
     "@asciidoctor/tabs": "1.0.0-beta.6",
     "@springio/antora-extensions": "1.14.2",
+    "fast-xml-parser": "4.5.2",
     "@springio/asciidoctor-extensions": "1.0.0-alpha.10"
   }
 }

framework-docs/src/main/java/org/springframework/docs/integration/resthttpinterface/customresolver/CustomHttpServiceArgumentResolver.java

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.docs.integration.resthttpinterface.customresolver;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
+import org.springframework.web.client.RestClient;
+import org.springframework.web.client.support.RestClientAdapter;
+import org.springframework.web.service.annotation.GetExchange;
+import org.springframework.web.service.invoker.HttpRequestValues;
+import org.springframework.web.service.invoker.HttpServiceArgumentResolver;
+import org.springframework.web.service.invoker.HttpServiceProxyFactory;
+
+public class CustomHttpServiceArgumentResolver {
+
+	// tag::httpinterface[]
+	public interface RepositoryService {
+
+		@GetExchange("/repos/search")
+		List<Repository> searchRepository(Search search);
+
+	}
+	// end::httpinterface[]
+
+	class Sample {
+
+		void sample() {
+			// tag::usage[]
+			RestClient restClient = RestClient.builder().baseUrl("https://api.github.com/").build();
+			RestClientAdapter adapter = RestClientAdapter.create(restClient);
+			HttpServiceProxyFactory factory = HttpServiceProxyFactory
+					.builderFor(adapter)
+					.customArgumentResolver(new SearchQueryArgumentResolver())
+					.build();
+			RepositoryService repositoryService = factory.createClient(RepositoryService.class);
+
+			Search search = Search.create()
+					.owner("spring-projects")
+					.language("java")
+					.query("rest")
+					.build();
+			List<Repository> repositories = repositoryService.searchRepository(search);
+			// end::usage[]
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	// tag::argumentresolver[]
+	static class SearchQueryArgumentResolver implements HttpServiceArgumentResolver {
+		@Override
+		public boolean resolve(Object argument, MethodParameter parameter, HttpRequestValues.Builder requestValues) {
+			if (parameter.getParameterType().equals(Search.class)) {
+				Search search = (Search) argument;
+				requestValues.addRequestParameter("owner", search.owner());
+				requestValues.addRequestParameter("language", search.language());
+				requestValues.addRequestParameter("query", search.query());
+				return true;
+			}
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+	// end::argumentresolver[]
+
+
+	record Search (String query, String owner, String language) {
+
+		static Builder create() {
+			return new Builder();
+		}
+
+		static class Builder {
+
+			Builder query(String query) { return this;}
+
+			Builder owner(String owner) { return this;}
+
+			Builder language(String language) { return this;}
+
+			Search build() {
+				return new Search(null, null, null);
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	record Repository(String name) {
+
+	}
+
+}

framework-docs/src/main/kotlin/org/springframework/docs/integration/resthttpinterface/customresolver/CustomHttpServiceArgumentResolver.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.docs.integration.resthttpinterface.customresolver
+
+import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter
+import org.springframework.web.client.RestClient
+import org.springframework.web.client.support.RestClientAdapter
+import org.springframework.web.service.annotation.GetExchange
+import org.springframework.web.service.invoker.HttpRequestValues
+import org.springframework.web.service.invoker.HttpServiceArgumentResolver
+import org.springframework.web.service.invoker.HttpServiceProxyFactory
+
+class CustomHttpServiceArgumentResolver {
+
+	// tag::httpinterface[]
+	interface RepositoryService {
+
+		@GetExchange("/repos/search")
+		fun searchRepository(search: Search): List<Repository>
+
+	}
+	// end::httpinterface[]
+
+	class Sample {
+		fun sample() {
+			// tag::usage[]
+			val restClient = RestClient.builder().baseUrl("https://api.github.com/").build()
+			val adapter = RestClientAdapter.create(restClient)
+			val factory = HttpServiceProxyFactory
+				.builderFor(adapter)
+				.customArgumentResolver(SearchQueryArgumentResolver())
+				.build()
+			val repositoryService = factory.createClient<RepositoryService>(RepositoryService::class.java)
+
+			val search = Search(owner = "spring-projects", language = "java", query = "rest")
+			val repositories = repositoryService.searchRepository(search)
+			// end::usage[]
+			repositories.size
+		}
+	}
+
+	// tag::argumentresolver[]
+	class SearchQueryArgumentResolver : HttpServiceArgumentResolver {
+		override fun resolve(
+			argument: Any?,
+			parameter: MethodParameter,
+			requestValues: HttpRequestValues.Builder
+		): Boolean {
+			if (parameter.getParameterType() == Search::class.java) {
+				val search = argument as Search
+				requestValues.addRequestParameter("owner", search.owner)
+					.addRequestParameter("language", search.language)
+					.addRequestParameter("query", search.query)
+				return true
+			}
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	// end::argumentresolver[]
+
+	data class Search(val query: String, val owner: String, val language: String)
+
+	data class Repository(val name: String)
+}

framework-platform/framework-platform.gradle

@@ -7,31 +7,31 @@ javaPlatform {
 }
 
 dependencies {
-	api(platform("com.fasterxml.jackson:jackson-bom:2.18.2"))
-	api(platform("io.micrometer:micrometer-bom:1.14.2"))
-	api(platform("io.netty:netty-bom:4.1.115.Final"))
+	api(platform("com.fasterxml.jackson:jackson-bom:2.18.3"))
+	api(platform("io.micrometer:micrometer-bom:1.14.5"))
+	api(platform("io.netty:netty-bom:4.1.119.Final"))
 	api(platform("io.netty:netty5-bom:5.0.0.Alpha5"))
-	api(platform("io.projectreactor:reactor-bom:2024.0.1"))
-	api(platform("io.rsocket:rsocket-bom:1.1.4"))
-	api(platform("org.apache.groovy:groovy-bom:4.0.24"))
+	api(platform("io.projectreactor:reactor-bom:2024.0.4"))
+	api(platform("io.rsocket:rsocket-bom:1.1.5"))
+	api(platform("org.apache.groovy:groovy-bom:4.0.26"))
 	api(platform("org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-bom:2.21.1"))
-	api(platform("org.assertj:assertj-bom:3.26.3"))
-	api(platform("org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-bom:12.0.15"))
-	api(platform("org.eclipse.jetty.ee10:jetty-ee10-bom:12.0.15"))
+	api(platform("org.assertj:assertj-bom:3.27.3"))
+	api(platform("org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-bom:12.0.17"))
+	api(platform("org.eclipse.jetty.ee10:jetty-ee10-bom:12.0.17"))
 	api(platform("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-bom:1.8.1"))
 	api(platform("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-bom:1.6.3"))
-	api(platform("org.junit:junit-bom:5.11.3"))
-	api(platform("org.mockito:mockito-bom:5.14.2"))
+	api(platform("org.junit:junit-bom:5.12.0"))
+	api(platform("org.mockito:mockito-bom:5.16.0"))
 
 	constraints {
 		api("com.fasterxml:aalto-xml:1.3.2")
 		api("com.fasterxml.woodstox:woodstox-core:6.7.0")
-		api("com.github.ben-manes.caffeine:caffeine:3.1.8")
+		api("com.github.ben-manes.caffeine:caffeine:3.2.0")
 		api("com.github.librepdf:openpdf:1.3.43")
 		api("com.google.code.findbugs:findbugs:3.0.1")
 		api("com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:3.0.2")
-		api("com.google.code.gson:gson:2.11.0")
-		api("com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java-util:4.28.3")
+		api("com.google.code.gson:gson:2.12.1")
+		api("com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java-util:4.30.0")
 		api("com.h2database:h2:2.3.232")
 		api("com.jayway.jsonpath:json-path:2.9.0")
 		api("com.oracle.database.jdbc:ojdbc11:21.9.0.0")
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ dependencies {
 		api("com.sun.xml.bind:jaxb-core:3.0.2")
 		api("com.sun.xml.bind:jaxb-impl:3.0.2")
 		api("com.sun.xml.bind:jaxb-xjc:3.0.2")
-		api("com.thoughtworks.qdox:qdox:2.1.0")
+		api("com.thoughtworks.qdox:qdox:2.2.0")
 		api("com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream:1.4.21")
 		api("commons-io:commons-io:2.15.0")
 		api("de.bechte.junit:junit-hierarchicalcontextrunner:4.12.2")
@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ dependencies {
 		api("org.apache.derby:derby:10.16.1.1")
 		api("org.apache.derby:derbyclient:10.16.1.1")
 		api("org.apache.derby:derbytools:10.16.1.1")
-		api("org.apache.httpcomponents.client5:httpclient5:5.4.1")
-		api("org.apache.httpcomponents.core5:httpcore5-reactive:5.3.1")
+		api("org.apache.httpcomponents.client5:httpclient5:5.4.2")
+		api("org.apache.httpcomponents.core5:httpcore5-reactive:5.3.3")
 		api("org.apache.poi:poi-ooxml:5.2.5")
 		api("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:10.1.28")
 		api("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-websocket:10.1.28")
@@ -110,18 +110,18 @@ dependencies {
 		api("org.aspectj:aspectjrt:1.9.22.1")
 		api("org.aspectj:aspectjtools:1.9.22.1")
 		api("org.aspectj:aspectjweaver:1.9.22.1")
-		api("org.awaitility:awaitility:4.2.2")
+		api("org.awaitility:awaitility:4.3.0")
 		api("org.bouncycastle:bcpkix-jdk18on:1.72")
 		api("org.codehaus.jettison:jettison:1.5.4")
 		api("org.crac:crac:1.4.0")
 		api("org.dom4j:dom4j:2.1.4")
-		api("org.easymock:easymock:5.4.0")
-		api("org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-reactive-httpclient:4.0.8")
+		api("org.easymock:easymock:5.5.0")
+		api("org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-reactive-httpclient:4.0.9")
 		api("org.eclipse.persistence:org.eclipse.persistence.jpa:3.0.4")
 		api("org.eclipse:yasson:2.0.4")
 		api("org.ehcache:ehcache:3.10.8")
 		api("org.ehcache:jcache:1.0.1")
-		api("org.freemarker:freemarker:2.3.33")
+		api("org.freemarker:freemarker:2.3.34")
 		api("org.glassfish.external:opendmk_jmxremote_optional_jar:1.0-b01-ea")
 		api("org.glassfish:jakarta.el:4.0.2")
 		api("org.glassfish.tyrus:tyrus-container-servlet:2.1.3")
@@ -130,24 +130,24 @@ dependencies {
 		api("org.hibernate:hibernate-core-jakarta:5.6.15.Final")
 		api("org.hibernate:hibernate-validator:7.0.5.Final")
 		api("org.hsqldb:hsqldb:2.7.4")
-		api("org.htmlunit:htmlunit:4.6.0")
+		api("org.htmlunit:htmlunit:4.10.0")
 		api("org.javamoney:moneta:1.4.4")
-		api("org.jruby:jruby:9.4.9.0")
+		api("org.jruby:jruby:9.4.12.0")
 		api("org.junit.support:testng-engine:1.0.5")
 		api("org.mozilla:rhino:1.7.15")
 		api("org.ogce:xpp3:1.1.6")
-		api("org.python:jython-standalone:2.7.3")
+		api("org.python:jython-standalone:2.7.4")
 		api("org.quartz-scheduler:quartz:2.3.2")
-		api("org.seleniumhq.selenium:htmlunit3-driver:4.26.0")
-		api("org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-java:4.26.0")
+		api("org.seleniumhq.selenium:htmlunit3-driver:4.29.0")
+		api("org.seleniumhq.selenium:selenium-java:4.29.0")
 		api("org.skyscreamer:jsonassert:1.5.3")
-		api("org.slf4j:slf4j-api:2.0.16")
-		api("org.testng:testng:7.10.2")
+		api("org.slf4j:slf4j-api:2.0.17")
+		api("org.testng:testng:7.11.0")
 		api("org.webjars:underscorejs:1.8.3")
-		api("org.webjars:webjars-locator-core:0.55")
-		api("org.webjars:webjars-locator-lite:1.0.0")
+		api("org.webjars:webjars-locator-core:0.59")
+		api("org.webjars:webjars-locator-lite:1.1.0")
 		api("org.xmlunit:xmlunit-assertj:2.10.0")
 		api("org.xmlunit:xmlunit-matchers:2.10.0")
-		api("org.yaml:snakeyaml:2.3")
+		api("org.yaml:snakeyaml:2.4")
 	}
 }

gradle.properties

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-version=6.2.1-SNAPSHOT
+version=6.2.4
 
 org.gradle.caching=true
 org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx2048m

gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 distributionPath=wrapper/dists
-distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.11.1-bin.zip
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.13-bin.zip
 networkTimeout=10000
 validateDistributionUrl=true
 zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME

gradlew

@@ -86,8 +86,7 @@ done
 # shellcheck disable=SC2034
 APP_BASE_NAME=${0##*/}
 # Discard cd standard output in case $CDPATH is set (https://github.com/gradle/gradle/issues/25036)
-APP_HOME=$( cd -P "${APP_HOME:-./}" > /dev/null && printf '%s
-' "$PWD" ) || exit
+APP_HOME=$( cd -P "${APP_HOME:-./}" > /dev/null && printf '%s\n' "$PWD" ) || exit
 
 # Use the maximum available, or set MAX_FD != -1 to use that value.
 MAX_FD=maximum
@@ -206,7 +205,7 @@ fi
 DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS='"-Xmx64m" "-Xms64m"'
 
 # Collect all arguments for the java command:
-#   * DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, and optsEnvironmentVar are not allowed to contain shell fragments,
+#   * DEFAULT_JVM_OPTS, JAVA_OPTS, and optsEnvironmentVar are not allowed to contain shell fragments,
 #     and any embedded shellness will be escaped.
 #   * For example: A user cannot expect ${Hostname} to be expanded, as it is an environment variable and will be
 #     treated as '${Hostname}' itself on the command line.

settings.gradle

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 plugins {
-	id "com.gradle.develocity" version "3.17.2"
+	id "com.gradle.develocity" version "3.19"
 	id "io.spring.ge.conventions" version "0.0.17"
 	id "org.gradle.toolchains.foojay-resolver-convention" version "0.7.0"
 }

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/aspectj/AbstractAspectJAdvice.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -276,14 +276,18 @@ public abstract class AbstractAspectJAdvice implements Advice, AspectJPrecedence
 		}
 		if (this.aspectJAdviceMethod.getParameterCount() == this.argumentNames.length + 1) {
 			// May need to add implicit join point arg name...
-			Class<?> firstArgType = this.aspectJAdviceMethod.getParameterTypes()[0];
-			if (firstArgType == JoinPoint.class ||
-					firstArgType == ProceedingJoinPoint.class ||
-					firstArgType == JoinPoint.StaticPart.class) {
-				String[] oldNames = this.argumentNames;
-				this.argumentNames = new String[oldNames.length + 1];
-				this.argumentNames[0] = "THIS_JOIN_POINT";
-				System.arraycopy(oldNames, 0, this.argumentNames, 1, oldNames.length);
+			for (int i = 0; i < this.aspectJAdviceMethod.getParameterCount(); i++) {
+				Class<?> argType = this.aspectJAdviceMethod.getParameterTypes()[i];
+				if (argType == JoinPoint.class ||
+						argType == ProceedingJoinPoint.class ||
+						argType == JoinPoint.StaticPart.class) {
+					String[] oldNames = this.argumentNames;
+					this.argumentNames = new String[oldNames.length + 1];
+					System.arraycopy(oldNames, 0, this.argumentNames, 0, i);
+					this.argumentNames[i] = "THIS_JOIN_POINT";
+					System.arraycopy(oldNames, i, this.argumentNames, i + 1, oldNames.length - i);
+					break;
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}

spring-aop/src/main/java/org/springframework/aop/interceptor/AsyncExecutionInterceptor.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ public class AsyncExecutionInterceptor extends AsyncExecutionAspectSupport imple
 			return null;
 		};
 
-		return doSubmit(task, executor, invocation.getMethod().getReturnType());
+		return doSubmit(task, executor, userMethod.getReturnType());
 	}
 
 	/**

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/aspectj/AbstractAspectJAdviceTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.aop.aspectj;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
+import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
+import org.assertj.core.api.InstanceOfAssertFactories;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link AbstractAspectJAdvice}.
+ *
+ * @author Joshua Chen
+ * @author Stephane Nicoll
+ */
+class AbstractAspectJAdviceTests {
+
+	@Test
+	void setArgumentNamesFromStringArray_withoutJoinPointParameter() {
+		AbstractAspectJAdvice advice = getAspectJAdvice("methodWithNoJoinPoint");
+		assertThat(advice).satisfies(hasArgumentNames("arg1", "arg2"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void setArgumentNamesFromStringArray_withJoinPointAsFirstParameter() {
+		AbstractAspectJAdvice advice = getAspectJAdvice("methodWithJoinPointAsFirstParameter");
+		assertThat(advice).satisfies(hasArgumentNames("THIS_JOIN_POINT", "arg1", "arg2"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void setArgumentNamesFromStringArray_withJoinPointAsLastParameter() {
+		AbstractAspectJAdvice advice = getAspectJAdvice("methodWithJoinPointAsLastParameter");
+		assertThat(advice).satisfies(hasArgumentNames("arg1", "arg2", "THIS_JOIN_POINT"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void setArgumentNamesFromStringArray_withJoinPointAsMiddleParameter() {
+		AbstractAspectJAdvice advice = getAspectJAdvice("methodWithJoinPointAsMiddleParameter");
+		assertThat(advice).satisfies(hasArgumentNames("arg1", "THIS_JOIN_POINT", "arg2"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void setArgumentNamesFromStringArray_withProceedingJoinPoint() {
+		AbstractAspectJAdvice advice = getAspectJAdvice("methodWithProceedingJoinPoint");
+		assertThat(advice).satisfies(hasArgumentNames("THIS_JOIN_POINT", "arg1", "arg2"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void setArgumentNamesFromStringArray_withStaticPart() {
+		AbstractAspectJAdvice advice = getAspectJAdvice("methodWithStaticPart");
+		assertThat(advice).satisfies(hasArgumentNames("THIS_JOIN_POINT", "arg1", "arg2"));
+	}
+
+	private Consumer<AbstractAspectJAdvice> hasArgumentNames(String... argumentNames) {
+		return advice -> assertThat(advice).extracting("argumentNames")
+				.asInstanceOf(InstanceOfAssertFactories.array(String[].class))
+				.containsExactly(argumentNames);
+	}
+
+	private AbstractAspectJAdvice getAspectJAdvice(final String methodName) {
+		AbstractAspectJAdvice advice = new TestAspectJAdvice(getMethod(methodName),
+				mock(AspectJExpressionPointcut.class), mock(AspectInstanceFactory.class));
+		advice.setArgumentNamesFromStringArray("arg1", "arg2");
+		return advice;
+	}
+
+	private Method getMethod(final String methodName) {
+		return Arrays.stream(Sample.class.getDeclaredMethods())
+				.filter(method -> method.getName().equals(methodName)).findFirst()
+				.orElseThrow();
+	}
+
+	@SuppressWarnings("serial")
+	public static class TestAspectJAdvice extends AbstractAspectJAdvice {
+
+		public TestAspectJAdvice(Method aspectJAdviceMethod, AspectJExpressionPointcut pointcut,
+				AspectInstanceFactory aspectInstanceFactory) {
+			super(aspectJAdviceMethod, pointcut, aspectInstanceFactory);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean isBeforeAdvice() {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean isAfterAdvice() {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	@SuppressWarnings("unused")
+	static class Sample {
+
+		void methodWithNoJoinPoint(String arg1, String arg2) {
+		}
+
+		void methodWithJoinPointAsFirstParameter(JoinPoint joinPoint, String arg1, String arg2) {
+		}
+
+		void methodWithJoinPointAsLastParameter(String arg1, String arg2, JoinPoint joinPoint) {
+		}
+
+		void methodWithJoinPointAsMiddleParameter(String arg1, JoinPoint joinPoint, String arg2) {
+		}
+
+		void methodWithProceedingJoinPoint(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint, String arg1, String arg2) {
+		}
+
+		void methodWithStaticPart(JoinPoint.StaticPart staticPart, String arg1, String arg2) {
+		}
+	}
+
+}

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/framework/AbstractProxyExceptionHandlingTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ abstract class AbstractProxyExceptionHandlingTests {
 			assertThat(throwableSeenByInterceptor).isSameAs(undeclaredCheckedException);
 			assertThat(throwableSeenByCaller)
 					.isInstanceOf(UndeclaredThrowableException.class)
-					.hasCauseReference(undeclaredCheckedException);
+					.cause().isSameAs(undeclaredCheckedException);
 		}
 
 		@Test
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ abstract class AbstractProxyExceptionHandlingTests {
 			invokeProxy();
 			assertThat(throwableSeenByCaller)
 					.isInstanceOf(UndeclaredThrowableException.class)
-					.hasCauseReference(undeclaredCheckedException);
+					.cause().isSameAs(undeclaredCheckedException);
 		}
 
 		@Test

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/interceptor/AsyncExecutionInterceptorTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.aop.interceptor;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+
+import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+
+import org.springframework.core.task.AsyncTaskExecutor;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.given;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link AsyncExecutionInterceptor}.
+ *
+ * @author Bao Ngo
+ * @since 7.0
+ */
+class AsyncExecutionInterceptorTests {
+
+	@Test
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	void invokeOnInterfaceWithGeneric() throws Throwable {
+		AsyncExecutionInterceptor interceptor = spy(new AsyncExecutionInterceptor(null));
+		FutureRunner impl = new FutureRunner();
+		MethodInvocation mi = mock();
+		given(mi.getThis()).willReturn(impl);
+		given(mi.getMethod()).willReturn(GenericRunner.class.getMethod("run"));
+
+		interceptor.invoke(mi);
+		ArgumentCaptor<Class<?>> classArgumentCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Class.class);
+		verify(interceptor).doSubmit(any(Callable.class), any(AsyncTaskExecutor.class), classArgumentCaptor.capture());
+		assertThat(classArgumentCaptor.getValue()).isEqualTo(Future.class);
+	}
+
+
+	interface GenericRunner<O> {
+
+		O run();
+	}
+
+	static class FutureRunner implements GenericRunner<Future<Void>> {
+		@Override
+		public Future<Void> run() {
+			return CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
+			});
+		}
+	}
+}

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -658,6 +658,14 @@ public abstract class AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor extends AbstractPropertyA
 						growCollectionIfNecessary(list, index, indexedPropertyName.toString(), ph, i + 1);
 						value = list.get(index);
 					}
+					else if (value instanceof Map map) {
+						Class<?> mapKeyType = ph.getResolvableType().getNested(i + 1).asMap().resolveGeneric(0);
+						// IMPORTANT: Do not pass full property name in here - property editors
+						// must not kick in for map keys but rather only for map values.
+						TypeDescriptor typeDescriptor = TypeDescriptor.valueOf(mapKeyType);
+						Object convertedMapKey = convertIfNecessary(null, null, key, mapKeyType, typeDescriptor);
+						value = map.get(convertedMapKey);
+					}
 					else if (value instanceof Iterable iterable) {
 						// Apply index to Iterator in case of a Set/Collection/Iterable.
 						int index = Integer.parseInt(key);
@@ -685,14 +693,6 @@ public abstract class AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor extends AbstractPropertyA
 											currIndex + ", accessed using property path '" + propertyName + "'");
 						}
 					}
-					else if (value instanceof Map map) {
-						Class<?> mapKeyType = ph.getResolvableType().getNested(i + 1).asMap().resolveGeneric(0);
-						// IMPORTANT: Do not pass full property name in here - property editors
-						// must not kick in for map keys but rather only for map values.
-						TypeDescriptor typeDescriptor = TypeDescriptor.valueOf(mapKeyType);
-						Object convertedMapKey = convertIfNecessary(null, null, key, mapKeyType, typeDescriptor);
-						value = map.get(convertedMapKey);
-					}
 					else {
 						throw new InvalidPropertyException(getRootClass(), this.nestedPath + propertyName,
 								"Property referenced in indexed property path '" + propertyName +
@@ -904,16 +904,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor extends AbstractPropertyA
 	private Object newValue(Class<?> type, @Nullable TypeDescriptor desc, String name) {
 		try {
 			if (type.isArray()) {
-				Class<?> componentType = type.componentType();
-				// TODO - only handles 2-dimensional arrays
-				if (componentType.isArray()) {
-					Object array = Array.newInstance(componentType, 1);
-					Array.set(array, 0, Array.newInstance(componentType.componentType(), 0));
-					return array;
-				}
-				else {
-					return Array.newInstance(componentType, 0);
-				}
+				return createArray(type);
 			}
 			else if (Collection.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
 				TypeDescriptor elementDesc = (desc != null ? desc.getElementTypeDescriptor() : null);
@@ -937,6 +928,24 @@ public abstract class AbstractNestablePropertyAccessor extends AbstractPropertyA
 		}
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Create the array for the given array type.
+	 * @param arrayType the desired type of the target array
+	 * @return a new array instance
+	 */
+	private static Object createArray(Class<?> arrayType) {
+		Assert.notNull(arrayType, "Array type must not be null");
+		Class<?> componentType = arrayType.componentType();
+		if (componentType.isArray()) {
+			Object array = Array.newInstance(componentType, 1);
+			Array.set(array, 0, createArray(componentType));
+			return array;
+		}
+		else {
+			return Array.newInstance(componentType, 0);
+		}
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Parse the given property name into the corresponding property name tokens.
 	 * @param propertyName the property name to parse

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/PropertyEditorRegistrar.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -45,4 +45,18 @@ public interface PropertyEditorRegistrar {
 	 */
 	void registerCustomEditors(PropertyEditorRegistry registry);
 
+	/**
+	 * Indicate whether this registrar exclusively overrides default editors
+	 * rather than registering custom editors, intended to be applied lazily.
+	 * <p>This has an impact on registrar handling in a bean factory: see
+	 * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableBeanFactory#addPropertyEditorRegistrar}.
+	 * @since 6.2.3
+	 * @see PropertyEditorRegistry#registerCustomEditor
+	 * @see PropertyEditorRegistrySupport#overrideDefaultEditor
+	 * @see PropertyEditorRegistrySupport#setDefaultEditorRegistrar
+	 */
+	default boolean overridesDefaultEditors() {
+		return false;
+	}
+
 }

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/PropertyEditorRegistrySupport.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -99,6 +99,9 @@ public class PropertyEditorRegistrySupport implements PropertyEditorRegistry {
 
 	private boolean configValueEditorsActive = false;
 
+	@Nullable
+	private PropertyEditorRegistrar defaultEditorRegistrar;
+
 	@Nullable
 	private Map<Class<?>, PropertyEditor> defaultEditors;
 
@@ -155,6 +158,19 @@ public class PropertyEditorRegistrySupport implements PropertyEditorRegistry {
 		this.configValueEditorsActive = true;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Set a registrar for default editors, as a lazy way of overriding default editors.
+	 * <p>This is expected to be a collaborator with {@link PropertyEditorRegistrySupport},
+	 * downcasting the given {@link PropertyEditorRegistry} accordingly and calling
+	 * {@link #overrideDefaultEditor} for registering additional default editors on it.
+	 * @param registrar the registrar to call when default editors are actually needed
+	 * @since 6.2.3
+	 * @see #overrideDefaultEditor
+	 */
+	public void setDefaultEditorRegistrar(PropertyEditorRegistrar registrar) {
+		this.defaultEditorRegistrar = registrar;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Override the default editor for the specified type with the given property editor.
 	 * <p>Note that this is different from registering a custom editor in that the editor
@@ -184,6 +200,9 @@ public class PropertyEditorRegistrySupport implements PropertyEditorRegistry {
 		if (!this.defaultEditorsActive) {
 			return null;
 		}
+		if (this.overriddenDefaultEditors == null && this.defaultEditorRegistrar != null) {
+			this.defaultEditorRegistrar.registerCustomEditors(this);
+		}
 		if (this.overriddenDefaultEditors != null) {
 			PropertyEditor editor = this.overriddenDefaultEditors.get(requiredType);
 			if (editor != null) {

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/BeanFactoryUtils.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -39,10 +39,14 @@ import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
  * (which the methods defined on the ListableBeanFactory interface don't,
  * in contrast to the methods defined on the BeanFactory interface).
  *
+ * <p><b>NOTE:</b> It is generally preferable to use {@link ObjectProvider#stream()}
+ * via {@link BeanFactory#getBeanProvider} instead of this utility class.
+ *
  * @author Rod Johnson
  * @author Juergen Hoeller
  * @author Chris Beams
  * @since 04.07.2003
+ * @see BeanFactory#getBeanProvider
  */
 public abstract class BeanFactoryUtils {
 
@@ -308,7 +312,7 @@ public abstract class BeanFactoryUtils {
 	 * 'replacing' beans by explicitly choosing the same bean name in a child factory;
 	 * the bean in the ancestor factory won't be visible then, not even for by-type lookups.
 	 * @param lbf the bean factory
-	 * @param type type of bean to match
+	 * @param type the type of bean to match
 	 * @return the Map of matching bean instances, or an empty Map if none
 	 * @throws BeansException if a bean could not be created
 	 * @see ListableBeanFactory#getBeansOfType(Class)
@@ -347,7 +351,7 @@ public abstract class BeanFactoryUtils {
 	 * 'replacing' beans by explicitly choosing the same bean name in a child factory;
 	 * the bean in the ancestor factory won't be visible then, not even for by-type lookups.
 	 * @param lbf the bean factory
-	 * @param type type of bean to match
+	 * @param type the type of bean to match
 	 * @param includeNonSingletons whether to include prototype or scoped beans too
 	 * or just singletons (also applies to FactoryBeans)
 	 * @param allowEagerInit whether to initialize <i>lazy-init singletons</i> and
@@ -395,7 +399,7 @@ public abstract class BeanFactoryUtils {
 	 * 'replacing' beans by explicitly choosing the same bean name in a child factory;
 	 * the bean in the ancestor factory won't be visible then, not even for by-type lookups.
 	 * @param lbf the bean factory
-	 * @param type type of bean to match
+	 * @param type the type of bean to match
 	 * @return the matching bean instance
 	 * @throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException if no bean of the given type was found
 	 * @throws NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException if more than one bean of the given type was found
@@ -425,7 +429,7 @@ public abstract class BeanFactoryUtils {
 	 * 'replacing' beans by explicitly choosing the same bean name in a child factory;
 	 * the bean in the ancestor factory won't be visible then, not even for by-type lookups.
 	 * @param lbf the bean factory
-	 * @param type type of bean to match
+	 * @param type the type of bean to match
 	 * @param includeNonSingletons whether to include prototype or scoped beans too
 	 * or just singletons (also applies to FactoryBeans)
 	 * @param allowEagerInit whether to initialize <i>lazy-init singletons</i> and
@@ -457,7 +461,7 @@ public abstract class BeanFactoryUtils {
 	 * <p>This version of {@code beanOfType} automatically includes
 	 * prototypes and FactoryBeans.
 	 * @param lbf the bean factory
-	 * @param type type of bean to match
+	 * @param type the type of bean to match
 	 * @return the matching bean instance
 	 * @throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException if no bean of the given type was found
 	 * @throws NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException if more than one bean of the given type was found
@@ -481,7 +485,7 @@ public abstract class BeanFactoryUtils {
 	 * only raw FactoryBeans will be checked (which doesn't require initialization
 	 * of each FactoryBean).
 	 * @param lbf the bean factory
-	 * @param type type of bean to match
+	 * @param type the type of bean to match
 	 * @param includeNonSingletons whether to include prototype or scoped beans too
 	 * or just singletons (also applies to FactoryBeans)
 	 * @param allowEagerInit whether to initialize <i>lazy-init singletons</i> and
@@ -529,7 +533,7 @@ public abstract class BeanFactoryUtils {
 
 	/**
 	 * Extract a unique bean for the given type from the given Map of matching beans.
-	 * @param type type of bean to match
+	 * @param type the type of bean to match
 	 * @param matchingBeans all matching beans found
 	 * @return the unique bean instance
 	 * @throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException if no bean of the given type was found

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/ObjectProvider.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package org.springframework.beans.factory;
 
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
@@ -45,6 +46,21 @@ import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
  * Alternatively, you may implement the specific methods that your callers expect,
  * for example, just {@link #getObject()} or {@link #getIfAvailable()}.
  *
+ * <p>Note that {@link #getObject()} never returns {@code null} - it will throw a
+ * {@link NoSuchBeanDefinitionException} instead -, whereas {@link #getIfAvailable()}
+ * will return {@code null} if no matching bean is present at all. However, both
+ * methods will throw a {@link NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException} if more than one
+ * matching bean is found without a clear unique winner (see below). Last but not
+ * least, {@link #getIfUnique()} will return {@code null} both when no matching bean
+ * is found and when more than one matching bean is found without a unique winner.
+ *
+ * <p>Uniqueness is generally up to the container's candidate resolution algorithm
+ * but always honors the "primary" flag (with only one of the candidate beans marked
+ * as primary) and the "fallback" flag (with only one of the candidate beans not
+ * marked as fallback). The default-candidate flag is consistently taken into
+ * account as well, even for non-annotation-based injection points, with a single
+ * default candidate winning in case of no clear primary/fallback indication.
+ *
  * @author Juergen Hoeller
  * @since 4.3
  * @param <T> the object type
@@ -53,6 +69,18 @@ import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
  */
 public interface ObjectProvider<T> extends ObjectFactory<T>, Iterable<T> {
 
+	/**
+	 * A predicate for unfiltered type matches, including non-default candidates
+	 * but still excluding non-autowire candidates when used on injection points.
+	 * @since 6.2.3
+	 * @see #stream(Predicate)
+	 * @see #orderedStream(Predicate)
+	 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition#isAutowireCandidate()
+	 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinition#isDefaultCandidate()
+	 */
+	Predicate<Class<?>> UNFILTERED = (clazz -> true);
+
+
 	@Override
 	default T getObject() throws BeansException {
 		Iterator<T> it = iterator();
@@ -175,7 +203,7 @@ public interface ObjectProvider<T> extends ObjectFactory<T>, Iterable<T> {
 	 * if unique (not called otherwise)
 	 * @throws BeansException in case of creation errors
 	 * @since 5.0
-	 * @see #getIfAvailable()
+	 * @see #getIfUnique()
 	 */
 	default void ifUnique(Consumer<T> dependencyConsumer) throws BeansException {
 		T dependency = getIfUnique();
@@ -198,6 +226,10 @@ public interface ObjectProvider<T> extends ObjectFactory<T>, Iterable<T> {
 	/**
 	 * Return a sequential {@link Stream} over all matching object instances,
 	 * without specific ordering guarantees (but typically in registration order).
+	 * <p>Note: The result may be filtered by default according to qualifiers on the
+	 * injection point versus target beans and the general autowire candidate status
+	 * of matching beans. For custom filtering against type-matching candidates, use
+	 * {@link #stream(Predicate)} instead (potentially with {@link #UNFILTERED}).
 	 * @since 5.1
 	 * @see #iterator()
 	 * @see #orderedStream()
@@ -219,6 +251,10 @@ public interface ObjectProvider<T> extends ObjectFactory<T>, Iterable<T> {
 	 * {@link #stream()} method. You may override this to apply an
 	 * {@link org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAwareOrderComparator}
 	 * if necessary.
+	 * <p>Note: The result may be filtered by default according to qualifiers on the
+	 * injection point versus target beans and the general autowire candidate status
+	 * of matching beans. For custom filtering against type-matching candidates, use
+	 * {@link #stream(Predicate)} instead (potentially with {@link #UNFILTERED}).
 	 * @since 5.1
 	 * @see #stream()
 	 * @see org.springframework.core.OrderComparator
@@ -227,4 +263,32 @@ public interface ObjectProvider<T> extends ObjectFactory<T>, Iterable<T> {
 		return stream().sorted(OrderComparator.INSTANCE);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Return a custom-filtered {@link Stream} over all matching object instances,
+	 * without specific ordering guarantees (but typically in registration order).
+	 * @param customFilter a custom type filter for selecting beans among the raw
+	 * bean type matches (or {@link #UNFILTERED} for all raw type matches without
+	 * any default filtering)
+	 * @since 6.2.3
+	 * @see #stream()
+	 * @see #orderedStream(Predicate)
+	 */
+	default Stream<T> stream(Predicate<Class<?>> customFilter) {
+		return stream().filter(obj -> customFilter.test(obj.getClass()));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Return a custom-filtered {@link Stream} over all matching object instances,
+	 * pre-ordered according to the factory's common order comparator.
+	 * @param customFilter a custom type filter for selecting beans among the raw
+	 * bean type matches (or {@link #UNFILTERED} for all raw type matches without
+	 * any default filtering)
+	 * @since 6.2.3
+	 * @see #orderedStream()
+	 * @see #stream(Predicate)
+	 */
+	default Stream<T> orderedStream(Predicate<Class<?>> customFilter) {
+		return orderedStream().filter(obj -> customFilter.test(obj.getClass()));
+	}
+
 }

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/annotation/BeanFactoryAnnotationUtils.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ public abstract class BeanFactoryAnnotationUtils {
 			// Full qualifier matching supported.
 			return qualifiedBeanOfType(lbf, beanType, qualifier);
 		}
-		else if (beanFactory.containsBean(qualifier)) {
+		else if (beanFactory.containsBean(qualifier) && beanFactory.isTypeMatch(qualifier, beanType)) {
 			// Fallback: target bean at least found by bean name.
 			return beanFactory.getBean(qualifier, beanType);
 		}
@@ -110,16 +110,16 @@ public abstract class BeanFactoryAnnotationUtils {
 	/**
 	 * Obtain a bean of type {@code T} from the given {@code BeanFactory} declaring a qualifier
 	 * (for example, {@code <qualifier>} or {@code @Qualifier}) matching the given qualifier).
-	 * @param bf the factory to get the target bean from
+	 * @param beanFactory the factory to get the target bean from
 	 * @param beanType the type of bean to retrieve
 	 * @param qualifier the qualifier for selecting between multiple bean matches
 	 * @return the matching bean of type {@code T} (never {@code null})
 	 */
-	private static <T> T qualifiedBeanOfType(ListableBeanFactory bf, Class<T> beanType, String qualifier) {
-		String[] candidateBeans = BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(bf, beanType);
+	private static <T> T qualifiedBeanOfType(ListableBeanFactory beanFactory, Class<T> beanType, String qualifier) {
+		String[] candidateBeans = BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(beanFactory, beanType);
 		String matchingBean = null;
 		for (String beanName : candidateBeans) {
-			if (isQualifierMatch(qualifier::equals, beanName, bf)) {
+			if (isQualifierMatch(qualifier::equals, beanName, beanFactory)) {
 				if (matchingBean != null) {
 					throw new NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException(beanType, matchingBean, beanName);
 				}
@@ -127,11 +127,11 @@ public abstract class BeanFactoryAnnotationUtils {
 			}
 		}
 		if (matchingBean != null) {
-			return bf.getBean(matchingBean, beanType);
+			return beanFactory.getBean(matchingBean, beanType);
 		}
-		else if (bf.containsBean(qualifier)) {
+		else if (beanFactory.containsBean(qualifier) && beanFactory.isTypeMatch(qualifier, beanType)) {
 			// Fallback: target bean at least found by bean name - probably a manually registered singleton.
-			return bf.getBean(qualifier, beanType);
+			return beanFactory.getBean(qualifier, beanType);
 		}
 		else {
 			throw new NoSuchBeanDefinitionException(qualifier, "No matching " + beanType.getSimpleName() +

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/aot/InstanceSupplierCodeGenerator.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -443,6 +443,7 @@ public class InstanceSupplierCodeGenerator {
 		}
 	}
 
+
 	record ConstructorDescriptor(String beanName, Constructor<?> constructor, Class<?> publicType) {
 
 		Class<?> actualType() {

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/config/ConfigurableBeanFactory.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -183,7 +183,11 @@ public interface ConfigurableBeanFactory extends HierarchicalBeanFactory, Single
 	 * on the given registry, fresh for each bean creation attempt. This avoids
 	 * the need for synchronization on custom editors; hence, it is generally
 	 * preferable to use this method instead of {@link #registerCustomEditor}.
+	 * <p>If the given registrar implements
+	 * {@link PropertyEditorRegistrar#overridesDefaultEditors()} to return {@code true},
+	 * it will be applied lazily (only when default editors are actually needed).
 	 * @param registrar the PropertyEditorRegistrar to register
+	 * @see PropertyEditorRegistrar#overridesDefaultEditors()
 	 */
 	void addPropertyEditorRegistrar(PropertyEditorRegistrar registrar);
 

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -991,7 +991,11 @@ public abstract class AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory extends AbstractBeanFac
 	 */
 	@Nullable
 	private FactoryBean<?> getSingletonFactoryBeanForTypeCheck(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
-		this.singletonLock.lock();
+		boolean locked = this.singletonLock.tryLock();
+		if (!locked) {
+			return null;
+		}
+
 		try {
 			BeanWrapper bw = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.get(beanName);
 			if (bw != null) {

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/AbstractBeanFactory.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -137,6 +137,9 @@ public abstract class AbstractBeanFactory extends FactoryBeanRegistrySupport imp
 	@Nullable
 	private ConversionService conversionService;
 
+	/** Default PropertyEditorRegistrars to apply to the beans of this factory. */
+	private final Set<PropertyEditorRegistrar> defaultEditorRegistrars = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);
+
 	/** Custom PropertyEditorRegistrars to apply to the beans of this factory. */
 	private final Set<PropertyEditorRegistrar> propertyEditorRegistrars = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);
 
@@ -883,7 +886,12 @@ public abstract class AbstractBeanFactory extends FactoryBeanRegistrySupport imp
 	@Override
 	public void addPropertyEditorRegistrar(PropertyEditorRegistrar registrar) {
 		Assert.notNull(registrar, "PropertyEditorRegistrar must not be null");
-		this.propertyEditorRegistrars.add(registrar);
+		if (registrar.overridesDefaultEditors()) {
+			this.defaultEditorRegistrars.add(registrar);
+		}
+		else {
+			this.propertyEditorRegistrars.add(registrar);
+		}
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -1114,6 +1122,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractBeanFactory extends FactoryBeanRegistrySupport imp
 		setBeanExpressionResolver(otherFactory.getBeanExpressionResolver());
 		setConversionService(otherFactory.getConversionService());
 		if (otherFactory instanceof AbstractBeanFactory otherAbstractFactory) {
+			this.defaultEditorRegistrars.addAll(otherAbstractFactory.defaultEditorRegistrars);
 			this.propertyEditorRegistrars.addAll(otherAbstractFactory.propertyEditorRegistrars);
 			this.customEditors.putAll(otherAbstractFactory.customEditors);
 			this.typeConverter = otherAbstractFactory.typeConverter;
@@ -1313,36 +1322,48 @@ public abstract class AbstractBeanFactory extends FactoryBeanRegistrySupport imp
 	protected void registerCustomEditors(PropertyEditorRegistry registry) {
 		if (registry instanceof PropertyEditorRegistrySupport registrySupport) {
 			registrySupport.useConfigValueEditors();
-		}
-		if (!this.propertyEditorRegistrars.isEmpty()) {
-			for (PropertyEditorRegistrar registrar : this.propertyEditorRegistrars) {
-				try {
-					registrar.registerCustomEditors(registry);
-				}
-				catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
-					Throwable rootCause = ex.getMostSpecificCause();
-					if (rootCause instanceof BeanCurrentlyInCreationException bce) {
-						String bceBeanName = bce.getBeanName();
-						if (bceBeanName != null && isCurrentlyInCreation(bceBeanName)) {
-							if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
-								logger.debug("PropertyEditorRegistrar [" + registrar.getClass().getName() +
-										"] failed because it tried to obtain currently created bean '" +
-										ex.getBeanName() + "': " + ex.getMessage());
-							}
-							onSuppressedException(ex);
-							continue;
-						}
-					}
-					throw ex;
-				}
+			if (!this.defaultEditorRegistrars.isEmpty()) {
+				// Optimization: lazy overriding of default editors only when needed
+				registrySupport.setDefaultEditorRegistrar(new BeanFactoryDefaultEditorRegistrar());
 			}
 		}
+		else if (!this.defaultEditorRegistrars.isEmpty()) {
+			// Fallback: proactive overriding of default editors
+			applyEditorRegistrars(registry, this.defaultEditorRegistrars);
+		}
+
+		if (!this.propertyEditorRegistrars.isEmpty()) {
+			applyEditorRegistrars(registry, this.propertyEditorRegistrars);
+		}
 		if (!this.customEditors.isEmpty()) {
 			this.customEditors.forEach((requiredType, editorClass) ->
 					registry.registerCustomEditor(requiredType, BeanUtils.instantiateClass(editorClass)));
 		}
 	}
 
+	private void applyEditorRegistrars(PropertyEditorRegistry registry, Set<PropertyEditorRegistrar> registrars) {
+		for (PropertyEditorRegistrar registrar : registrars) {
+			try {
+				registrar.registerCustomEditors(registry);
+			}
+			catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
+				Throwable rootCause = ex.getMostSpecificCause();
+				if (rootCause instanceof BeanCurrentlyInCreationException bce) {
+					String bceBeanName = bce.getBeanName();
+					if (bceBeanName != null && isCurrentlyInCreation(bceBeanName)) {
+						if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+							logger.debug("PropertyEditorRegistrar [" + registrar.getClass().getName() +
+									"] failed because it tried to obtain currently created bean '" +
+									ex.getBeanName() + "': " + ex.getMessage());
+						}
+						onSuppressedException(ex);
+						return;
+					}
+				}
+				throw ex;
+			}
+		}
+	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Return a merged RootBeanDefinition, traversing the parent bean definition
@@ -2095,4 +2116,20 @@ public abstract class AbstractBeanFactory extends FactoryBeanRegistrySupport imp
 		final List<MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor> mergedDefinition = new ArrayList<>();
 	}
 
+
+	/**
+	 * {@link PropertyEditorRegistrar} that delegates to the bean factory's
+	 * default registrars, adding exception handling for circular reference
+	 * scenarios where an editor tries to refer back to the currently created bean.
+	 *
+	 * @since 6.2.3
+	 */
+	class BeanFactoryDefaultEditorRegistrar implements PropertyEditorRegistrar {
+
+		@Override
+		public void registerCustomEditors(PropertyEditorRegistry registry) {
+			applyEditorRegistrars(registry, defaultEditorRegistrars);
+		}
+	}
+
 }

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/AutowireUtils.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -33,7 +33,10 @@ import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 import org.springframework.beans.BeanMetadataElement;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectFactory;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableBeanFactory;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.TypedStringValue;
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
@@ -259,6 +262,43 @@ abstract class AutowireUtils {
 		return method.getReturnType();
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Check the autowire-candidate status for the specified bean.
+	 * @param beanFactory the bean factory
+	 * @param beanName the name of the bean to check
+	 * @return whether the specified bean qualifies as an autowire candidate
+	 * @since 6.2.3
+	 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition#isAutowireCandidate()
+	 */
+	public static boolean isAutowireCandidate(ConfigurableBeanFactory beanFactory, String beanName) {
+		try {
+			return beanFactory.getMergedBeanDefinition(beanName).isAutowireCandidate();
+		}
+		catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
+			// A manually registered singleton instance not backed by a BeanDefinition.
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Check the default-candidate status for the specified bean.
+	 * @param beanFactory the bean factory
+	 * @param beanName the name of the bean to check
+	 * @return whether the specified bean qualifies as a default candidate
+	 * @since 6.2.4
+	 * @see AbstractBeanDefinition#isDefaultCandidate()
+	 */
+	public static boolean isDefaultCandidate(ConfigurableBeanFactory beanFactory, String beanName) {
+		try {
+			BeanDefinition mbd = beanFactory.getMergedBeanDefinition(beanName);
+			return (!(mbd instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition abd) || abd.isDefaultCandidate());
+		}
+		catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
+			// A manually registered singleton instance not backed by a BeanDefinition.
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+
 
 	/**
 	 * Reflective {@link InvocationHandler} for lazy access to the current target object.

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/DefaultListableBeanFactory.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFacto
 	/** Map from bean name to merged BeanDefinitionHolder. */
 	private final Map<String, BeanDefinitionHolder> mergedBeanDefinitionHolders = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);
 
-	// Set of bean definition names with a primary marker. */
+	/** Set of bean definition names with a primary marker. */
 	private final Set<String> primaryBeanNames = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet(16);
 
 	/** Map of singleton and non-singleton bean names, keyed by dependency type. */
@@ -508,6 +508,32 @@ public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFacto
 				Stream<T> stream = matchingBeans.values().stream();
 				return stream.sorted(adaptOrderComparator(matchingBeans));
 			}
+			@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+			@Override
+			public Stream<T> stream(Predicate<Class<?>> customFilter) {
+				return Arrays.stream(getBeanNamesForTypedStream(requiredType, allowEagerInit))
+						.filter(name -> customFilter.test(getType(name)))
+						.map(name -> (T) getBean(name))
+						.filter(bean -> !(bean instanceof NullBean));
+			}
+			@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+			@Override
+			public Stream<T> orderedStream(Predicate<Class<?>> customFilter) {
+				String[] beanNames = getBeanNamesForTypedStream(requiredType, allowEagerInit);
+				if (beanNames.length == 0) {
+					return Stream.empty();
+				}
+				Map<String, T> matchingBeans = CollectionUtils.newLinkedHashMap(beanNames.length);
+				for (String beanName : beanNames) {
+					if (customFilter.test(getType(beanName))) {
+						Object beanInstance = getBean(beanName);
+						if (!(beanInstance instanceof NullBean)) {
+							matchingBeans.put(beanName, (T) beanInstance);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				return matchingBeans.values().stream().sorted(adaptOrderComparator(matchingBeans));
+			}
 		};
 	}
 
@@ -1089,8 +1115,15 @@ public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFacto
 						"without bootstrap executor configured - falling back to mainline initialization");
 			}
 		}
+
 		if (!mbd.isLazyInit()) {
-			instantiateSingleton(beanName);
+			try {
+				instantiateSingleton(beanName);
+			}
+			catch (BeanCurrentlyInCreationException ex) {
+				logger.info("Bean '" + beanName + "' marked for pre-instantiation (not lazy-init) " +
+						"but currently initialized by other thread - skipping it in mainline thread");
+			}
 		}
 		return null;
 	}
@@ -1464,6 +1497,9 @@ public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFacto
 			if (candidateName == null) {
 				candidateName = determineHighestPriorityCandidate(candidates, requiredType.toClass());
 			}
+			if (candidateName == null) {
+				candidateName = determineDefaultCandidate(candidates);
+			}
 			if (candidateName != null) {
 				Object beanInstance = candidates.get(candidateName);
 				if (beanInstance == null) {
@@ -1885,8 +1921,8 @@ public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFacto
 				candidates.put(candidateName, beanInstance);
 			}
 		}
-		else if (containsSingleton(candidateName) || (descriptor instanceof StreamDependencyDescriptor streamDescriptor &&
-				streamDescriptor.isOrdered())) {
+		else if (containsSingleton(candidateName) ||
+				(descriptor instanceof StreamDependencyDescriptor streamDescriptor && streamDescriptor.isOrdered())) {
 			Object beanInstance = descriptor.resolveCandidate(candidateName, requiredType, this);
 			candidates.put(candidateName, (beanInstance instanceof NullBean ? null : beanInstance));
 		}
@@ -1934,7 +1970,12 @@ public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFacto
 		if (priorityCandidate != null) {
 			return priorityCandidate;
 		}
-		// Step 4: pick directly registered dependency
+		// Step 4: pick unique default-candidate
+		String defaultCandidate = determineDefaultCandidate(candidates);
+		if (defaultCandidate != null) {
+			return defaultCandidate;
+		}
+		// Step 5: pick directly registered dependency
 		for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : candidates.entrySet()) {
 			String candidateName = entry.getKey();
 			Object beanInstance = entry.getValue();
@@ -2095,6 +2136,28 @@ public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFacto
 		return null;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Return a unique "default-candidate" among remaining non-default candidates.
+	 * @param candidates a Map of candidate names and candidate instances
+	 * (or candidate classes if not created yet) that match the required type
+	 * @return the name of the default candidate, or {@code null} if none found
+	 * @since 6.2.4
+	 * @see AbstractBeanDefinition#isDefaultCandidate()
+	 */
+	@Nullable
+	private String determineDefaultCandidate(Map<String, Object> candidates) {
+		String defaultBeanName = null;
+		for (String candidateBeanName : candidates.keySet()) {
+			if (AutowireUtils.isDefaultCandidate(this, candidateBeanName)) {
+				if (defaultBeanName != null) {
+					return null;
+				}
+				defaultBeanName = candidateBeanName;
+			}
+		}
+		return defaultBeanName;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Determine whether the given candidate name matches the bean name or the aliases
 	 * stored in this bean definition.
@@ -2479,6 +2542,34 @@ public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFacto
 			Object result = doResolveDependency(descriptorToUse, this.beanName, null, null);
 			return (result instanceof Stream stream ? stream : Stream.of(result));
 		}
+
+		@Override
+		public Stream<Object> stream(Predicate<Class<?>> customFilter) {
+			return Arrays.stream(getBeanNamesForTypedStream(this.descriptor.getResolvableType(), true))
+					.filter(name -> AutowireUtils.isAutowireCandidate(DefaultListableBeanFactory.this, name))
+					.filter(name -> customFilter.test(getType(name)))
+					.map(name -> getBean(name))
+					.filter(bean -> !(bean instanceof NullBean));
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public Stream<Object> orderedStream(Predicate<Class<?>> customFilter) {
+			String[] beanNames = getBeanNamesForTypedStream(this.descriptor.getResolvableType(), true);
+			if (beanNames.length == 0) {
+				return Stream.empty();
+			}
+			Map<String, Object> matchingBeans = CollectionUtils.newLinkedHashMap(beanNames.length);
+			for (String beanName : beanNames) {
+				if (AutowireUtils.isAutowireCandidate(DefaultListableBeanFactory.this, beanName) &&
+						customFilter.test(getType(beanName))) {
+					Object beanInstance = getBean(beanName);
+					if (!(beanInstance instanceof NullBean)) {
+						matchingBeans.put(beanName, beanInstance);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return matchingBeans.values().stream().sorted(adaptOrderComparator(matchingBeans));
+		}
 	}
 
 

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
 import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
@@ -100,6 +101,15 @@ public class DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry extends SimpleAliasRegistry implements
 	/** Names of beans currently excluded from in creation checks. */
 	private final Set<String> inCreationCheckExclusions = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet(16);
 
+	/** Specific lock for lenient creation tracking. */
+	private final Lock lenientCreationLock = new ReentrantLock();
+
+	/** Specific lock condition for lenient creation tracking. */
+	private final Condition lenientCreationFinished = this.lenientCreationLock.newCondition();
+
+	/** Names of beans that are currently in lenient creation. */
+	private final Set<String> singletonsInLenientCreation = new HashSet<>();
+
 	/** Flag that indicates whether we're currently within destroySingletons. */
 	private volatile boolean singletonsCurrentlyInDestruction = false;
 
@@ -257,6 +267,13 @@ public class DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry extends SimpleAliasRegistry implements
 									Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\" while other thread holds " +
 									"singleton lock for other beans " + this.singletonsCurrentlyInCreation);
 						}
+						this.lenientCreationLock.lock();
+						try {
+							this.singletonsInLenientCreation.add(beanName);
+						}
+						finally {
+							this.lenientCreationLock.unlock();
+						}
 					}
 					else {
 						// No specific locking indication (outside a coordinated bootstrap) and
@@ -279,15 +296,57 @@ public class DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry extends SimpleAliasRegistry implements
 				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
 					logger.debug("Creating shared instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
 				}
-				beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
+
+				try {
+					beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
+				}
+				catch (BeanCurrentlyInCreationException ex) {
+					this.lenientCreationLock.lock();
+					try {
+						while ((singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName)) == null) {
+							if (!this.singletonsInLenientCreation.contains(beanName)) {
+								break;
+							}
+							try {
+								this.lenientCreationFinished.await();
+							}
+							catch (InterruptedException ie) {
+								Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					finally {
+						this.lenientCreationLock.unlock();
+					}
+					if (singletonObject != null) {
+						return singletonObject;
+					}
+					if (locked) {
+						throw ex;
+					}
+					// Try late locking for waiting on specific bean to be finished.
+					this.singletonLock.lock();
+					locked = true;
+					// Lock-created singleton object should have appeared in the meantime.
+					singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
+					if (singletonObject != null) {
+						return singletonObject;
+					}
+					beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
+				}
+
 				boolean newSingleton = false;
 				boolean recordSuppressedExceptions = (locked && this.suppressedExceptions == null);
 				if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
 					this.suppressedExceptions = new LinkedHashSet<>();
 				}
 				try {
-					singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
-					newSingleton = true;
+					// Leniently created singleton object could have appeared in the meantime.
+					singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
+					if (singletonObject == null) {
+						singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
+						newSingleton = true;
+					}
 				}
 				catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
 					// Has the singleton object implicitly appeared in the meantime ->
@@ -311,8 +370,18 @@ public class DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry extends SimpleAliasRegistry implements
 					}
 					afterSingletonCreation(beanName);
 				}
+
 				if (newSingleton) {
-					addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject);
+					try {
+						addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject);
+					}
+					catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
+						// Leniently accept same instance if implicitly appeared.
+						Object object = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
+						if (singletonObject != object) {
+							throw ex;
+						}
+					}
 				}
 			}
 			return singletonObject;
@@ -321,6 +390,14 @@ public class DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry extends SimpleAliasRegistry implements
 			if (locked) {
 				this.singletonLock.unlock();
 			}
+			this.lenientCreationLock.lock();
+			try {
+				this.singletonsInLenientCreation.remove(beanName);
+				this.lenientCreationFinished.signalAll();
+			}
+			finally {
+				this.lenientCreationLock.unlock();
+			}
 		}
 	}
 

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/SimpleAutowireCandidateResolver.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,9 +16,13 @@
 
 package org.springframework.beans.factory.support;
 
-import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinitionHolder;
-import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor;
-import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryUtils;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.ListableBeanFactory;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
 
 /**
  * {@link AutowireCandidateResolver} implementation to use when no annotation
@@ -36,46 +40,6 @@ public class SimpleAutowireCandidateResolver implements AutowireCandidateResolve
 	 */
 	public static final SimpleAutowireCandidateResolver INSTANCE = new SimpleAutowireCandidateResolver();
 
-
-	@Override
-	public boolean isAutowireCandidate(BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder, DependencyDescriptor descriptor) {
-		return bdHolder.getBeanDefinition().isAutowireCandidate();
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public boolean isRequired(DependencyDescriptor descriptor) {
-		return descriptor.isRequired();
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	public boolean hasQualifier(DependencyDescriptor descriptor) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	@Nullable
-	public String getSuggestedName(DependencyDescriptor descriptor) {
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	@Nullable
-	public Object getSuggestedValue(DependencyDescriptor descriptor) {
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	@Nullable
-	public Object getLazyResolutionProxyIfNecessary(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String beanName) {
-		return null;
-	}
-
-	@Override
-	@Nullable
-	public Class<?> getLazyResolutionProxyClass(DependencyDescriptor descriptor, @Nullable String beanName) {
-		return null;
-	}
-
 	/**
 	 * This implementation returns {@code this} as-is.
 	 * @see #INSTANCE
@@ -85,4 +49,35 @@ public class SimpleAutowireCandidateResolver implements AutowireCandidateResolve
 		return this;
 	}
 
+
+	/**
+	 * Resolve a map of all beans of the given type, also picking up beans defined in
+	 * ancestor bean factories, with the specific condition that each bean actually
+	 * has autowire candidate status. This matches simple injection point resolution
+	 * as implemented by this {@link AutowireCandidateResolver} strategy, including
+	 * beans which are not marked as default candidates but excluding beans which
+	 * are not even marked as autowire candidates.
+	 * @param lbf the bean factory
+	 * @param type the type of bean to match
+	 * @return the Map of matching bean instances, or an empty Map if none
+	 * @throws BeansException if a bean could not be created
+	 * @since 6.2.3
+	 * @see BeanFactoryUtils#beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(ListableBeanFactory, Class)
+	 * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition#isAutowireCandidate()
+	 * @see AbstractBeanDefinition#isDefaultCandidate()
+	 */
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	public static <T> Map<String, T> resolveAutowireCandidates(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory lbf, Class<T> type) {
+		Map<String, T> candidates = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+		for (String beanName : BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(lbf, type)) {
+			if (AutowireUtils.isAutowireCandidate(lbf, beanName)) {
+				Object beanInstance = lbf.getBean(beanName);
+				if (!(beanInstance instanceof NullBean)) {
+					candidates.put(beanName, (T) beanInstance);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return candidates;
+	}
+
 }

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/support/ResourceEditorRegistrar.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -135,4 +135,12 @@ public class ResourceEditorRegistrar implements PropertyEditorRegistrar {
 		}
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Indicate the use of {@link PropertyEditorRegistrySupport#overrideDefaultEditor} above.
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public boolean overridesDefaultEditors() {
+		return true;
+	}
+
 }

spring-beans/src/test/java/org/springframework/beans/AbstractPropertyAccessorTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ abstract class AbstractPropertyAccessorTests {
 		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("list")).isTrue();
 		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("set")).isTrue();
 		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("map")).isTrue();
+		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("iterableMap")).isTrue();
 		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("myTestBeans")).isTrue();
 		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("xxx")).isFalse();
 
@@ -146,6 +147,7 @@ abstract class AbstractPropertyAccessorTests {
 		assertThat(accessor.isWritableProperty("list")).isTrue();
 		assertThat(accessor.isWritableProperty("set")).isTrue();
 		assertThat(accessor.isWritableProperty("map")).isTrue();
+		assertThat(accessor.isWritableProperty("iterableMap")).isTrue();
 		assertThat(accessor.isWritableProperty("myTestBeans")).isTrue();
 		assertThat(accessor.isWritableProperty("xxx")).isFalse();
 
@@ -161,6 +163,14 @@ abstract class AbstractPropertyAccessorTests {
 		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("map[key4][0].name")).isTrue();
 		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("map[key4][1]")).isTrue();
 		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("map[key4][1].name")).isTrue();
+		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("map[key999]")).isTrue();
+		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("iterableMap[key1]")).isTrue();
+		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("iterableMap[key1].name")).isTrue();
+		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("iterableMap[key2][0]")).isTrue();
+		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("iterableMap[key2][0].name")).isTrue();
+		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("iterableMap[key2][1]")).isTrue();
+		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("iterableMap[key2][1].name")).isTrue();
+		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("iterableMap[key999]")).isTrue();
 		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("myTestBeans[0]")).isTrue();
 		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("myTestBeans[1]")).isFalse();
 		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("array[key1]")).isFalse();
@@ -177,6 +187,14 @@ abstract class AbstractPropertyAccessorTests {
 		assertThat(accessor.isWritableProperty("map[key4][0].name")).isTrue();
 		assertThat(accessor.isWritableProperty("map[key4][1]")).isTrue();
 		assertThat(accessor.isWritableProperty("map[key4][1].name")).isTrue();
+		assertThat(accessor.isWritableProperty("map[key999]")).isTrue();
+		assertThat(accessor.isWritableProperty("iterableMap[key1]")).isTrue();
+		assertThat(accessor.isWritableProperty("iterableMap[key1].name")).isTrue();
+		assertThat(accessor.isWritableProperty("iterableMap[key2][0]")).isTrue();
+		assertThat(accessor.isWritableProperty("iterableMap[key2][0].name")).isTrue();
+		assertThat(accessor.isWritableProperty("iterableMap[key2][1]")).isTrue();
+		assertThat(accessor.isWritableProperty("iterableMap[key2][1].name")).isTrue();
+		assertThat(accessor.isWritableProperty("iterableMap[key999]")).isTrue();
 		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("myTestBeans[0]")).isTrue();
 		assertThat(accessor.isReadableProperty("myTestBeans[1]")).isFalse();
 		assertThat(accessor.isWritableProperty("array[key1]")).isFalse();
@@ -1395,6 +1413,9 @@ abstract class AbstractPropertyAccessorTests {
 		assertThat(accessor.getPropertyValue("map[key5[foo]].name")).isEqualTo("name8");
 		assertThat(accessor.getPropertyValue("map['key5[foo]'].name")).isEqualTo("name8");
 		assertThat(accessor.getPropertyValue("map[\"key5[foo]\"].name")).isEqualTo("name8");
+		assertThat(accessor.getPropertyValue("iterableMap[key1].name")).isEqualTo("nameC");
+		assertThat(accessor.getPropertyValue("iterableMap[key2][0].name")).isEqualTo("nameA");
+		assertThat(accessor.getPropertyValue("iterableMap[key2][1].name")).isEqualTo("nameB");
 		assertThat(accessor.getPropertyValue("myTestBeans[0].name")).isEqualTo("nameZ");
 
 		MutablePropertyValues pvs = new MutablePropertyValues();
@@ -1409,6 +1430,9 @@ abstract class AbstractPropertyAccessorTests {
 		pvs.add("map[key4][0].name", "nameA");
 		pvs.add("map[key4][1].name", "nameB");
 		pvs.add("map[key5[foo]].name", "name10");
+		pvs.add("iterableMap[key1].name", "newName1");
+		pvs.add("iterableMap[key2][0].name", "newName2A");
+		pvs.add("iterableMap[key2][1].name", "newName2B");
 		pvs.add("myTestBeans[0].name", "nameZZ");
 		accessor.setPropertyValues(pvs);
 		assertThat(tb0.getName()).isEqualTo("name5");
@@ -1428,6 +1452,9 @@ abstract class AbstractPropertyAccessorTests {
 		assertThat(accessor.getPropertyValue("map[key4][0].name")).isEqualTo("nameA");
 		assertThat(accessor.getPropertyValue("map[key4][1].name")).isEqualTo("nameB");
 		assertThat(accessor.getPropertyValue("map[key5[foo]].name")).isEqualTo("name10");
+		assertThat(accessor.getPropertyValue("iterableMap[key1].name")).isEqualTo("newName1");
+		assertThat(accessor.getPropertyValue("iterableMap[key2][0].name")).isEqualTo("newName2A");
+		assertThat(accessor.getPropertyValue("iterableMap[key2][1].name")).isEqualTo("newName2B");
 		assertThat(accessor.getPropertyValue("myTestBeans[0].name")).isEqualTo("nameZZ");
 	}
 

spring-beans/src/test/java/org/springframework/beans/BeanWrapperAutoGrowingTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -103,6 +103,27 @@ class BeanWrapperAutoGrowingTests {
 		assertThat(bean.getThreeDimensionalArray()[1][2][3]).isInstanceOf(Bean.class);
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void getPropertyValueAutoGrow3dArrayList() {
+		assertThat(wrapper.getPropertyValue("threeDimensionalArrayList[1][2][3][4]")).isNotNull();
+		assertThat(bean.getThreeDimensionalArrayList()).hasSize(2);
+		assertThat(bean.getThreeDimensionalArrayList().get(1)).hasNumberOfRows(3);
+		assertThat(bean.getThreeDimensionalArrayList().get(1)[2]).hasNumberOfRows(4);
+		assertThat(bean.getThreeDimensionalArrayList().get(1)[2][3]).hasSize(5);
+		assertThat(bean.getThreeDimensionalArrayList().get(1)[2][3][4]).isInstanceOf(Bean.class);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void getPropertyValueAutoGrow3dArrayListForDefault3dArray() {
+		assertThat(wrapper.getPropertyValue("threeDimensionalArrayList[0]")).isNotNull();
+		assertThat(bean.getThreeDimensionalArrayList()).hasSize(1);
+
+		// Default 3-dimensional array should be [[[]]]
+		assertThat(bean.getThreeDimensionalArrayList().get(0)).hasNumberOfRows(1);
+		assertThat(bean.getThreeDimensionalArrayList().get(0)[0]).hasNumberOfRows(1);
+		assertThat(bean.getThreeDimensionalArrayList().get(0)[0][0]).isEmpty();
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void setPropertyValueAutoGrow2dArray() {
 		Bean newBean = new Bean();
@@ -123,6 +144,16 @@ class BeanWrapperAutoGrowingTests {
 			.extracting(Bean::getProp).isEqualTo("enigma");
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void setPropertyValueAutoGrow3dArrayList() {
+		Bean newBean = new Bean();
+		newBean.setProp("enigma");
+		wrapper.setPropertyValue("threeDimensionalArrayList[0][1][2][3]", newBean);
+		assertThat(bean.getThreeDimensionalArrayList().get(0)[1][2][3])
+				.isInstanceOf(Bean.class)
+				.extracting(Bean::getProp).isEqualTo("enigma");
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void getPropertyValueAutoGrowList() {
 		assertThat(wrapper.getPropertyValue("list[0]")).isNotNull();
@@ -215,6 +246,8 @@ class BeanWrapperAutoGrowingTests {
 
 		private Bean[][][] threeDimensionalArray;
 
+		private List<Bean[][][]> threeDimensionalArrayList;
+
 		private List<Bean> list;
 
 		private List<List<Bean>> nestedList;
@@ -269,6 +302,14 @@ class BeanWrapperAutoGrowingTests {
 			this.threeDimensionalArray = threeDimensionalArray;
 		}
 
+		public List<Bean[][][]> getThreeDimensionalArrayList() {
+			return threeDimensionalArrayList;
+		}
+
+		public void setThreeDimensionalArrayList(List<Bean[][][]> threeDimensionalArrayList) {
+			this.threeDimensionalArrayList = threeDimensionalArrayList;
+		}
+
 		public List<Bean> getList() {
 			return list;
 		}

spring-beans/src/test/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/BeanFactoryLockingTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;
 import org.springframework.beans.testfixture.beans.TestBean;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType;
 
 /**
  * @author Juergen Hoeller
@@ -56,9 +55,6 @@ class BeanFactoryLockingTests {
 		@Override
 		public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
 			Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
-				// Fail for circular reference from other thread
-				assertThatExceptionOfType(BeanCurrentlyInCreationException.class).isThrownBy(() ->
-						beanFactory.getBean(ThreadDuringInitialization.class));
 				// Leniently create unrelated other bean outside of singleton lock
 				assertThat(beanFactory.getBean(TestBean.class).getName()).isEqualTo("tb");
 				// Creation attempt in other thread was successful

spring-beans/src/test/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/DefaultListableBeanFactoryTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
  * @author Chris Beams
  * @author Phillip Webb
  * @author Stephane Nicoll
+ * @author Yanming Zhou
  */
 class DefaultListableBeanFactoryTests {
 
@@ -1515,12 +1516,16 @@ class DefaultListableBeanFactoryTests {
 		bd1.setAttribute(AbstractBeanDefinition.ORDER_ATTRIBUTE, Ordered.LOWEST_PRECEDENCE);
 		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("bean1", bd1);
 		GenericBeanDefinition bd2 = new GenericBeanDefinition();
-		bd2.setBeanClass(TestBean.class);
+		bd2.setBeanClass(DerivedTestBean.class);
 		bd2.setPropertyValues(new MutablePropertyValues(List.of(new PropertyValue("name", "highest"))));
 		bd2.setAttribute(AbstractBeanDefinition.ORDER_ATTRIBUTE, Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE);
 		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("bean2", bd2);
 		assertThat(lbf.getBeanProvider(TestBean.class).orderedStream().map(TestBean::getName))
 				.containsExactly("highest", "lowest");
+		assertThat(lbf.getBeanProvider(TestBean.class).orderedStream(ObjectProvider.UNFILTERED).map(TestBean::getName))
+				.containsExactly("highest", "lowest");
+		assertThat(lbf.getBeanProvider(TestBean.class).orderedStream(clazz -> !DerivedTestBean.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz))
+				.map(TestBean::getName)).containsExactly("lowest");
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -1540,6 +1545,8 @@ class DefaultListableBeanFactoryTests {
 		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("bean2", bd2);
 		assertThat(lbf.getBeanProvider(TestBean.class).orderedStream().map(TestBean::getName))
 				.containsExactly("fromLowestPrecedenceTestBeanFactoryBean", "fromHighestPrecedenceTestBeanFactoryBean");
+		assertThat(lbf.getBeanProvider(TestBean.class).orderedStream(ObjectProvider.UNFILTERED).map(TestBean::getName))
+				.containsExactly("fromLowestPrecedenceTestBeanFactoryBean", "fromHighestPrecedenceTestBeanFactoryBean");
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -1652,12 +1659,94 @@ class DefaultListableBeanFactoryTests {
 		bd2.setPrimary(true);
 		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("bd1", bd1);
 		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("bd2", bd2);
+		lbf.registerSingleton("bd3", new TestBean());
 
 		TestBean bean = lbf.getBean(TestBean.class);
 		assertThat(bean.getBeanName()).isEqualTo("bd2");
 		assertThat(lbf.containsSingleton("bd1")).isFalse();
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void getBeanByTypeWithUniqueNonFallbackDefinition() {
+		RootBeanDefinition bd1 = new RootBeanDefinition(TestBean.class);
+		bd1.setLazyInit(true);
+		bd1.setFallback(true);
+		RootBeanDefinition bd2 = new RootBeanDefinition(TestBean.class);
+		bd2.setFallback(true);
+		RootBeanDefinition bd3 = new RootBeanDefinition(TestBean.class);
+		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("bd1", bd1);
+		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("bd2", bd2);
+		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("bd3", bd3);
+
+		TestBean bean = lbf.getBean(TestBean.class);
+		assertThat(bean.getBeanName()).isEqualTo("bd3");
+		assertThat(lbf.containsSingleton("bd1")).isFalse();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void getBeanByTypeWithPrimaryAndUniqueNonFallbackDefinition() {
+		RootBeanDefinition bd1 = new RootBeanDefinition(TestBean.class);
+		bd1.setLazyInit(true);
+		bd1.setFallback(true);
+		RootBeanDefinition bd2 = new RootBeanDefinition(TestBean.class);
+		bd2.setPrimary(true);
+		bd2.setFallback(true);
+		RootBeanDefinition bd3 = new RootBeanDefinition(TestBean.class);
+		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("bd1", bd1);
+		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("bd2", bd2);
+		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("bd3", bd3);
+
+		TestBean bean = lbf.getBean(TestBean.class);
+		assertThat(bean.getBeanName()).isEqualTo("bd2");
+		assertThat(lbf.containsSingleton("bd1")).isFalse();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void getBeanByTypeWithUniqueNonFallbackAndUniqueNonDefaultDefinition() {
+		RootBeanDefinition bd1 = new RootBeanDefinition(TestBean.class);
+		bd1.setLazyInit(true);
+		bd1.setFallback(true);
+		RootBeanDefinition bd2 = new RootBeanDefinition(TestBean.class);
+		bd2.setFallback(true);
+		bd2.setDefaultCandidate(false);
+		RootBeanDefinition bd3 = new RootBeanDefinition(TestBean.class);
+		bd3.setDefaultCandidate(false);
+		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("bd1", bd1);
+		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("bd2", bd2);
+		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("bd3", bd3);
+
+		TestBean bean = lbf.getBean(TestBean.class);
+		assertThat(bean.getBeanName()).isEqualTo("bd3");
+		assertThat(lbf.containsSingleton("bd1")).isFalse();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void getBeanByTypeWithUniqueNonDefaultDefinition() {
+		RootBeanDefinition bd1 = new RootBeanDefinition(TestBean.class);
+		bd1.setDefaultCandidate(false);
+		bd1.setLazyInit(true);
+		RootBeanDefinition bd2 = new RootBeanDefinition(TestBean.class);
+		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("bd1", bd1);
+		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("bd2", bd2);
+
+		TestBean bean = lbf.getBean(TestBean.class);
+		assertThat(bean.getBeanName()).isEqualTo("bd2");
+		assertThat(lbf.containsSingleton("bd1")).isFalse();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void getBeanByTypeWithUniqueNonDefaultSingleton() {
+		RootBeanDefinition bd1 = new RootBeanDefinition(TestBean.class);
+		bd1.setDefaultCandidate(false);
+		bd1.setLazyInit(true);
+		lbf.registerBeanDefinition("bd1", bd1);
+		lbf.registerSingleton("bd2", new TestBean());
+
+		TestBean bean = lbf.getBean(TestBean.class);
+		assertThat(bean.getBeanName()).isNull();
+		assertThat(lbf.containsSingleton("bd1")).isFalse();
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
 	void getFactoryBeanByTypeWithPrimary() {
@@ -1934,6 +2023,11 @@ class DefaultListableBeanFactoryTests {
 		assertThat(resolved).hasSize(2);
 		assertThat(resolved).contains(lbf.getBean("bd1"));
 		assertThat(resolved).contains(lbf.getBean("bd2"));
+
+		resolved = provider.stream(ObjectProvider.UNFILTERED).collect(Collectors.toSet());
+		assertThat(resolved).hasSize(2);
+		assertThat(resolved).contains(lbf.getBean("bd1"));
+		assertThat(resolved).contains(lbf.getBean("bd2"));
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -1983,6 +2077,11 @@ class DefaultListableBeanFactoryTests {
 		assertThat(resolved).hasSize(2);
 		assertThat(resolved).contains(lbf.getBean("bd1"));
 		assertThat(resolved).contains(lbf.getBean("bd2"));
+
+		resolved = provider.stream(ObjectProvider.UNFILTERED).collect(Collectors.toSet());
+		assertThat(resolved).hasSize(2);
+		assertThat(resolved).contains(lbf.getBean("bd1"));
+		assertThat(resolved).contains(lbf.getBean("bd2"));
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -2378,11 +2477,20 @@ class DefaultListableBeanFactoryTests {
 		parentBf.registerBeanDefinition("highPriorityTestBean", bd2);
 
 		ObjectProvider<TestBean> testBeanProvider = lbf.getBeanProvider(ResolvableType.forClass(TestBean.class));
-		List<TestBean> resolved = testBeanProvider.orderedStream().toList();
-		assertThat(resolved).containsExactly(
+		assertThat(testBeanProvider.orderedStream()).containsExactly(
 				lbf.getBean("highPriorityTestBean", TestBean.class),
 				lbf.getBean("lowPriorityTestBean", TestBean.class),
 				lbf.getBean("plainTestBean", TestBean.class));
+		assertThat(testBeanProvider.orderedStream(clazz -> clazz != TestBean.class).toList()).containsExactly(
+				lbf.getBean("highPriorityTestBean", TestBean.class),
+				lbf.getBean("lowPriorityTestBean", TestBean.class));
+		assertThat(testBeanProvider.stream()).containsExactly(
+				lbf.getBean("plainTestBean", TestBean.class),
+				lbf.getBean("lowPriorityTestBean", TestBean.class),
+				lbf.getBean("highPriorityTestBean", TestBean.class));
+		assertThat(testBeanProvider.orderedStream(clazz -> clazz != TestBean.class).toList()).containsExactly(
+				lbf.getBean("lowPriorityTestBean", TestBean.class),
+				lbf.getBean("highPriorityTestBean", TestBean.class));
 	}
 
 	@Test

spring-beans/src/test/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/annotation/AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ import org.mockito.Mockito;
 
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryUtils;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNameAware;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
@@ -64,6 +65,8 @@ import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AutowireCandidateQualifier;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.GenericBeanDefinition;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleAutowireCandidateResolver;
+import org.springframework.beans.testfixture.beans.DerivedTestBean;
 import org.springframework.beans.testfixture.beans.ITestBean;
 import org.springframework.beans.testfixture.beans.IndexedTestBean;
 import org.springframework.beans.testfixture.beans.NestedTestBean;
@@ -1605,7 +1608,11 @@ class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		assertThat(testBeans).containsExactly(bf.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class), bf.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class));
 		testBeans = bean.streamTestBeans();
 		assertThat(testBeans).containsExactly(bf.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class), bf.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class));
-		testBeans = bean.sortedTestBeans();
+		testBeans = bean.streamTestBeansInOrder();
+		assertThat(testBeans).containsExactly(bf.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class), bf.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class));
+		testBeans = bean.allTestBeans();
+		assertThat(testBeans).containsExactly(bf.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class), bf.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class));
+		testBeans = bean.allTestBeansInOrder();
 		assertThat(testBeans).containsExactly(bf.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class), bf.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class));
 	}
 
@@ -1632,7 +1639,13 @@ class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		testBeans = bean.streamTestBeans();
 		assertThat(testBeans).hasSize(1);
 		assertThat(testBeans).contains(bf.getBean("testBean", TestBean.class));
-		testBeans = bean.sortedTestBeans();
+		testBeans = bean.streamTestBeansInOrder();
+		assertThat(testBeans).hasSize(1);
+		assertThat(testBeans).contains(bf.getBean("testBean", TestBean.class));
+		testBeans = bean.allTestBeans();
+		assertThat(testBeans).hasSize(1);
+		assertThat(testBeans).contains(bf.getBean("testBean", TestBean.class));
+		testBeans = bean.allTestBeansInOrder();
 		assertThat(testBeans).hasSize(1);
 		assertThat(testBeans).contains(bf.getBean("testBean", TestBean.class));
 	}
@@ -1656,7 +1669,11 @@ class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		assertThat(testBeans).isEmpty();
 		testBeans = bean.streamTestBeans();
 		assertThat(testBeans).isEmpty();
-		testBeans = bean.sortedTestBeans();
+		testBeans = bean.streamTestBeansInOrder();
+		assertThat(testBeans).isEmpty();
+		testBeans = bean.allTestBeans();
+		assertThat(testBeans).isEmpty();
+		testBeans = bean.allTestBeansInOrder();
 		assertThat(testBeans).isEmpty();
 	}
 
@@ -1678,7 +1695,9 @@ class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		assertThat(bean.iterateTestBeans()).containsExactly(testBean1, testBean2);
 		assertThat(bean.forEachTestBeans()).containsExactly(testBean1, testBean2);
 		assertThat(bean.streamTestBeans()).containsExactly(testBean1, testBean2);
-		assertThat(bean.sortedTestBeans()).containsExactly(testBean1, testBean2);
+		assertThat(bean.streamTestBeansInOrder()).containsExactly(testBean1, testBean2);
+		assertThat(bean.allTestBeans()).containsExactly(testBean1, testBean2);
+		assertThat(bean.allTestBeansInOrder()).containsExactly(testBean1, testBean2);
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -1706,7 +1725,9 @@ class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		assertThat(bean.iterateTestBeans()).containsExactly(testBean1, testBean2);
 		assertThat(bean.forEachTestBeans()).containsExactly(testBean1, testBean2);
 		assertThat(bean.streamTestBeans()).containsExactly(testBean1, testBean2);
-		assertThat(bean.sortedTestBeans()).containsExactly(testBean2, testBean1);
+		assertThat(bean.streamTestBeansInOrder()).containsExactly(testBean2, testBean1);
+		assertThat(bean.allTestBeans()).containsExactly(testBean1, testBean2);
+		assertThat(bean.allTestBeansInOrder()).containsExactly(testBean2, testBean1);
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -1722,8 +1743,57 @@ class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 		bf.registerBeanDefinition("testBean2", tb2);
 
 		ObjectProviderInjectionBean bean = bf.getBean("annotatedBean", ObjectProviderInjectionBean.class);
-		assertThat(bean.sortedTestBeans()).containsExactly(bf.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class),
+		assertThat(bean.streamTestBeansInOrder()).containsExactly(bf.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class),
 				bf.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class));
+		assertThat(bean.allTestBeansInOrder()).containsExactly(bf.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class),
+				bf.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void objectProviderInjectionWithNonCandidatesInStream() {
+		bf.registerBeanDefinition("annotatedBean", new RootBeanDefinition(ObjectProviderInjectionBean.class));
+		RootBeanDefinition tb1 = new RootBeanDefinition(TestBeanFactory.class);
+		tb1.setFactoryMethodName("newTestBean1");
+		bf.registerBeanDefinition("testBean1", tb1);
+		RootBeanDefinition tb2 = new RootBeanDefinition(TestBeanFactory.class);
+		tb2.setFactoryMethodName("newTestBean2");
+		bf.registerBeanDefinition("testBean2", tb2);
+
+		DefaultListableBeanFactory parent = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
+		RootBeanDefinition tb3 = new RootBeanDefinition(TestBean.class);
+		tb3.setAutowireCandidate(false);
+		tb3.setLazyInit(true);
+		parent.registerBeanDefinition("testBean3", tb3);
+		RootBeanDefinition tb4 = new RootBeanDefinition(DerivedTestBean.class);
+		tb4.setDefaultCandidate(false);
+		tb4.setLazyInit(true);
+		parent.registerBeanDefinition("testBean4", tb4);
+		bf.setParentBeanFactory(parent);
+
+		RootBeanDefinition tb5 = new RootBeanDefinition(NullFactoryMethods.class);
+		tb5.setFactoryMethodName("createTestBean");
+		bf.registerBeanDefinition("testBean5", tb5);
+
+		ObjectProviderInjectionBean bean = bf.getBean("annotatedBean", ObjectProviderInjectionBean.class);
+		assertThat(bean.streamTestBeans()).containsExactly(bf.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class),
+				bf.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class));
+		assertThat(bean.streamTestBeansInOrder()).containsExactly(bf.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class),
+				bf.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class));
+		assertThat(bf.containsSingleton("testBean3")).isFalse();
+		assertThat(bean.plainTestBeans()).containsExactly(bf.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class),
+				bf.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class));
+		assertThat(bean.plainTestBeansInOrder()).containsExactly(bf.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class),
+				bf.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class));
+		assertThat(bf.containsSingleton("testBean4")).isFalse();
+		assertThat(bean.allTestBeans()).containsExactly(bf.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class),
+				bf.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class), bf.getBean("testBean4", TestBean.class));
+		assertThat(bean.allTestBeansInOrder()).containsExactly(bf.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class),
+				bf.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class), bf.getBean("testBean4", TestBean.class));
+
+		Map<String, TestBean> typeMatches = BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(bf, TestBean.class);
+		assertThat(typeMatches.remove("testBean3")).isNotNull();
+		Map<String, TestBean> candidates = SimpleAutowireCandidateResolver.resolveAutowireCandidates(bf, TestBean.class);
+		assertThat(candidates).containsExactlyEntriesOf(typeMatches);
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -3304,9 +3374,25 @@ class AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessorTests {
 			return this.testBean.stream().toList();
 		}
 
-		public List<TestBean> sortedTestBeans() {
+		public List<TestBean> streamTestBeansInOrder() {
 			return this.testBean.orderedStream().toList();
 		}
+
+		public List<TestBean> plainTestBeans() {
+			return this.testBean.stream(clazz -> !DerivedTestBean.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)).toList();
+		}
+
+		public List<TestBean> plainTestBeansInOrder() {
+			return this.testBean.orderedStream(clazz -> !DerivedTestBean.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)).toList();
+		}
+
+		public List<TestBean> allTestBeans() {
+			return this.testBean.stream(ObjectProvider.UNFILTERED).toList();
+		}
+
+		public List<TestBean> allTestBeansInOrder() {
+			return this.testBean.orderedStream(ObjectProvider.UNFILTERED).toList();
+		}
 	}
 
 

spring-beans/src/test/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/DefaultSingletonBeanRegistryTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -50,10 +50,15 @@ class DefaultSingletonBeanRegistryTests {
 		assertThat(beanRegistry.getSingleton("tb2")).isSameAs(tb2);
 		assertThat(tb2Flag.get()).isTrue();
 
-		assertThat(beanRegistry.getSingleton("tb")).isSameAs(tb);
-		assertThat(beanRegistry.getSingleton("tb2")).isSameAs(tb2);
-		assertThat(beanRegistry.getSingletonCount()).isEqualTo(2);
-		assertThat(beanRegistry.getSingletonNames()).containsExactly("tb", "tb2");
+		TestBean tb3 = (TestBean) beanRegistry.getSingleton("tb3", () -> {
+			TestBean newTb = new TestBean();
+			beanRegistry.registerSingleton("tb3", newTb);
+			return newTb;
+		});
+		assertThat(beanRegistry.getSingleton("tb3")).isSameAs(tb3);
+
+		assertThat(beanRegistry.getSingletonCount()).isEqualTo(3);
+		assertThat(beanRegistry.getSingletonNames()).containsExactly("tb", "tb2", "tb3");
 
 		beanRegistry.destroySingletons();
 		assertThat(beanRegistry.getSingletonCount()).isZero();

spring-beans/src/testFixtures/java/org/springframework/beans/testfixture/beans/IndexedTestBean.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -49,6 +50,8 @@ public class IndexedTestBean {
 
 	private SortedMap sortedMap;
 
+	private IterableMap iterableMap;
+
 	private MyTestBeans myTestBeans;
 
 
@@ -73,6 +76,9 @@ public class IndexedTestBean {
 		TestBean tb6 = new TestBean("name6", 0);
 		TestBean tb7 = new TestBean("name7", 0);
 		TestBean tb8 = new TestBean("name8", 0);
+		TestBean tbA = new TestBean("nameA", 0);
+		TestBean tbB = new TestBean("nameB", 0);
+		TestBean tbC = new TestBean("nameC", 0);
 		TestBean tbX = new TestBean("nameX", 0);
 		TestBean tbY = new TestBean("nameY", 0);
 		TestBean tbZ = new TestBean("nameZ", 0);
@@ -88,6 +94,12 @@ public class IndexedTestBean {
 		this.map.put("key2", tb5);
 		this.map.put("key.3", tb5);
 		List list = new ArrayList();
+		list.add(tbA);
+		list.add(tbB);
+		this.iterableMap = new IterableMap<>();
+		this.iterableMap.put("key1", tbC);
+		this.iterableMap.put("key2", list);
+		list = new ArrayList();
 		list.add(tbX);
 		list.add(tbY);
 		this.map.put("key4", list);
@@ -152,6 +164,14 @@ public class IndexedTestBean {
 		this.sortedMap = sortedMap;
 	}
 
+	public IterableMap getIterableMap() {
+		return this.iterableMap;
+	}
+
+	public void setIterableMap(IterableMap iterableMap) {
+		this.iterableMap = iterableMap;
+	}
+
 	public MyTestBeans getMyTestBeans() {
 		return myTestBeans;
 	}
@@ -161,6 +181,15 @@ public class IndexedTestBean {
 	}
 
 
+	@SuppressWarnings("serial")
+	public static class IterableMap<K,V> extends LinkedHashMap<K,V> implements Iterable<V> {
+
+		@Override
+		public Iterator<V> iterator() {
+			return values().iterator();
+		}
+	}
+
 	public static class MyTestBeans implements Iterable<TestBean> {
 
 		private final Collection<TestBean> testBeans;

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/AnnotationBeanNameGenerator.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package org.springframework.context.annotation;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AnnotatedBeanDefinition;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistry;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanNameGenerator;
+import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAttributes;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.MergedAnnotation;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.MergedAnnotation.Adapt;
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@ import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata;
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
+import org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
 
 /**
@@ -147,16 +150,26 @@ public class AnnotationBeanNameGenerator implements BeanNameGenerator {
 				Set<String> metaAnnotationTypes = this.metaAnnotationTypesCache.computeIfAbsent(annotationType,
 						key -> getMetaAnnotationTypes(mergedAnnotation));
 				if (isStereotypeWithNameValue(annotationType, metaAnnotationTypes, attributes)) {
-					Object value = attributes.get("value");
+					Object value = attributes.get(MergedAnnotation.VALUE);
 					if (value instanceof String currentName && !currentName.isBlank()) {
 						if (conventionBasedStereotypeCheckCache.add(annotationType) &&
 								metaAnnotationTypes.contains(COMPONENT_ANNOTATION_CLASSNAME) && logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
-							logger.warn("""
-									Support for convention-based stereotype names is deprecated and will \
-									be removed in a future version of the framework. Please annotate the \
-									'value' attribute in @%s with @AliasFor(annotation=Component.class) \
-									to declare an explicit alias for @Component's 'value' attribute."""
-										.formatted(annotationType));
+							if (hasExplicitlyAliasedValueAttribute(mergedAnnotation.getType())) {
+								logger.warn("""
+										Although the 'value' attribute in @%s declares @AliasFor for an attribute \
+										other than @Component's 'value' attribute, the value is still used as the \
+										@Component name based on convention. As of Spring Framework 7.0, such a \
+										'value' attribute will no longer be used as the @Component name."""
+											.formatted(annotationType));
+							}
+							else {
+								logger.warn("""
+										Support for convention-based @Component names is deprecated and will \
+										be removed in a future version of the framework. Please annotate the \
+										'value' attribute in @%s with @AliasFor(annotation=Component.class) \
+										to declare an explicit alias for @Component's 'value' attribute."""
+											.formatted(annotationType));
+							}
 						}
 						if (beanName != null && !currentName.equals(beanName)) {
 							throw new IllegalStateException("Stereotype annotations suggest inconsistent " +
@@ -224,7 +237,7 @@ public class AnnotationBeanNameGenerator implements BeanNameGenerator {
 				annotationType.equals("jakarta.inject.Named") ||
 				annotationType.equals("javax.inject.Named");
 
-		return (isStereotype && attributes.containsKey("value"));
+		return (isStereotype && attributes.containsKey(MergedAnnotation.VALUE));
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -255,4 +268,14 @@ public class AnnotationBeanNameGenerator implements BeanNameGenerator {
 		return StringUtils.uncapitalizeAsProperty(shortClassName);
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Determine if the supplied annotation type declares a {@code value()} attribute
+	 * with an explicit alias configured via {@link AliasFor @AliasFor}.
+	 * @since 6.2.3
+	 */
+	private static boolean hasExplicitlyAliasedValueAttribute(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType) {
+		Method valueAttribute = ReflectionUtils.findMethod(annotationType, MergedAnnotation.VALUE);
+		return (valueAttribute != null && valueAttribute.isAnnotationPresent(AliasFor.class));
+	}
+
 }

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -565,9 +565,10 @@ public class ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider implements EnvironmentC
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Determine whether the given bean definition qualifies as candidate.
-	 * <p>The default implementation checks whether the class is not an interface
-	 * and not dependent on an enclosing class.
+	 * Determine whether the given bean definition qualifies as a candidate component.
+	 * <p>The default implementation checks whether the class is not dependent on an
+	 * enclosing class as well as whether the class is either concrete (and therefore
+	 * not an interface) or has {@link Lookup @Lookup} methods.
 	 * <p>Can be overridden in subclasses.
 	 * @param beanDefinition the bean definition to check
 	 * @return whether the bean definition qualifies as a candidate component

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/ConfigurationClass.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -203,6 +203,15 @@ final class ConfigurationClass {
 		return this.beanMethods;
 	}
 
+	boolean hasNonStaticBeanMethods() {
+		for (BeanMethod beanMethod : this.beanMethods) {
+			if (!beanMethod.getMetadata().isStatic()) {
+				return true;
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
 	void addImportedResource(String importedResource, Class<? extends BeanDefinitionReader> readerClass) {
 		this.importedResources.put(importedResource, readerClass);
 	}
@@ -223,8 +232,9 @@ final class ConfigurationClass {
 	void validate(ProblemReporter problemReporter) {
 		Map<String, Object> attributes = this.metadata.getAnnotationAttributes(Configuration.class.getName());
 
-		// A configuration class may not be final (CGLIB limitation) unless it declares proxyBeanMethods=false
-		if (attributes != null && (Boolean) attributes.get("proxyBeanMethods") && this.metadata.isFinal()) {
+		// A configuration class may not be final (CGLIB limitation) unless it does not have to proxy bean methods
+		if (attributes != null && (Boolean) attributes.get("proxyBeanMethods") && hasNonStaticBeanMethods() &&
+				this.metadata.isFinal()) {
 			problemReporter.error(new FinalConfigurationProblem());
 		}
 

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/ConfigurationClassEnhancer.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -109,8 +109,15 @@ class ConfigurationClassEnhancer {
 			}
 			return configClass;
 		}
+
 		try {
-			Class<?> enhancedClass = createClass(newEnhancer(configClass, classLoader));
+			// Use original ClassLoader if config class not locally loaded in overriding class loader
+			boolean classLoaderMismatch = (classLoader != null && classLoader != configClass.getClassLoader());
+			if (classLoaderMismatch && classLoader instanceof SmartClassLoader smartClassLoader) {
+				classLoader = smartClassLoader.getOriginalClassLoader();
+			}
+			Enhancer enhancer = newEnhancer(configClass, classLoader);
+			Class<?> enhancedClass = createClass(enhancer, classLoaderMismatch);
 			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
 				logger.trace(String.format("Successfully enhanced %s; enhanced class name is: %s",
 						configClass.getName(), enhancedClass.getName()));
@@ -129,6 +136,9 @@ class ConfigurationClassEnhancer {
 	 */
 	private Enhancer newEnhancer(Class<?> configSuperClass, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
 		Enhancer enhancer = new Enhancer();
+		if (classLoader != null) {
+			enhancer.setClassLoader(classLoader);
+		}
 		enhancer.setSuperclass(configSuperClass);
 		enhancer.setInterfaces(new Class<?>[] {EnhancedConfiguration.class});
 		enhancer.setUseFactory(false);
@@ -152,8 +162,21 @@ class ConfigurationClassEnhancer {
 	 * Uses enhancer to generate a subclass of superclass,
 	 * ensuring that callbacks are registered for the new subclass.
 	 */
-	private Class<?> createClass(Enhancer enhancer) {
-		Class<?> subclass = enhancer.createClass();
+	private Class<?> createClass(Enhancer enhancer, boolean fallback) {
+		Class<?> subclass;
+		try {
+			subclass = enhancer.createClass();
+		}
+		catch (Throwable ex) {
+			if (!fallback) {
+				throw (ex instanceof CodeGenerationException cgex ? cgex : new CodeGenerationException(ex));
+			}
+			// Possibly a package-visible @Bean method declaration not accessible
+			// in the given ClassLoader -> retry with original ClassLoader
+			enhancer.setClassLoader(null);
+			subclass = enhancer.createClass();
+		}
+
 		// Registering callbacks statically (as opposed to thread-local)
 		// is critical for usage in an OSGi environment (SPR-5932)...
 		Enhancer.registerStaticCallbacks(subclass, CALLBACKS);
@@ -164,8 +187,7 @@ class ConfigurationClassEnhancer {
 	/**
 	 * Marker interface to be implemented by all @Configuration CGLIB subclasses.
 	 * Facilitates idempotent behavior for {@link ConfigurationClassEnhancer#enhance}
-	 * through checking to see if candidate classes are already assignable to it, for example,
-	 * have already been enhanced.
+	 * through checking to see if candidate classes are already assignable to it.
 	 * <p>Also extends {@link BeanFactoryAware}, as all enhanced {@code @Configuration}
 	 * classes require access to the {@link BeanFactory} that created them.
 	 * <p>Note that this interface is intended for framework-internal use only, however

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/ConfigurationClassParser.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -167,14 +167,22 @@ class ConfigurationClassParser {
 		for (BeanDefinitionHolder holder : configCandidates) {
 			BeanDefinition bd = holder.getBeanDefinition();
 			try {
+				ConfigurationClass configClass;
 				if (bd instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition annotatedBeanDef) {
-					parse(annotatedBeanDef, holder.getBeanName());
+					configClass = parse(annotatedBeanDef, holder.getBeanName());
 				}
 				else if (bd instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition abstractBeanDef && abstractBeanDef.hasBeanClass()) {
-					parse(abstractBeanDef.getBeanClass(), holder.getBeanName());
+					configClass = parse(abstractBeanDef.getBeanClass(), holder.getBeanName());
 				}
 				else {
-					parse(bd.getBeanClassName(), holder.getBeanName());
+					configClass = parse(bd.getBeanClassName(), holder.getBeanName());
+				}
+
+				// Downgrade to lite (no enhancement) in case of no instance-level @Bean methods.
+				if (!configClass.hasNonStaticBeanMethods() && ConfigurationClassUtils.CONFIGURATION_CLASS_FULL.equals(
+						bd.getAttribute(ConfigurationClassUtils.CONFIGURATION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE))) {
+					bd.setAttribute(ConfigurationClassUtils.CONFIGURATION_CLASS_ATTRIBUTE,
+							ConfigurationClassUtils.CONFIGURATION_CLASS_LITE);
 				}
 			}
 			catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
@@ -189,20 +197,25 @@ class ConfigurationClassParser {
 		this.deferredImportSelectorHandler.process();
 	}
 
-	private void parse(AnnotatedBeanDefinition beanDef, String beanName) {
-		processConfigurationClass(
-				new ConfigurationClass(beanDef.getMetadata(), beanName, (beanDef instanceof ScannedGenericBeanDefinition)),
-				DEFAULT_EXCLUSION_FILTER);
+	private ConfigurationClass parse(AnnotatedBeanDefinition beanDef, String beanName) {
+		ConfigurationClass configClass = new ConfigurationClass(
+				beanDef.getMetadata(), beanName, (beanDef instanceof ScannedGenericBeanDefinition));
+		processConfigurationClass(configClass, DEFAULT_EXCLUSION_FILTER);
+		return configClass;
 	}
 
-	private void parse(Class<?> clazz, String beanName) {
-		processConfigurationClass(new ConfigurationClass(clazz, beanName), DEFAULT_EXCLUSION_FILTER);
+	private ConfigurationClass parse(Class<?> clazz, String beanName) {
+		ConfigurationClass configClass = new ConfigurationClass(clazz, beanName);
+		processConfigurationClass(configClass, DEFAULT_EXCLUSION_FILTER);
+		return configClass;
 	}
 
-	final void parse(@Nullable String className, String beanName) throws IOException {
+	final ConfigurationClass parse(@Nullable String className, String beanName) throws IOException {
 		Assert.notNull(className, "No bean class name for configuration class bean definition");
 		MetadataReader reader = this.metadataReaderFactory.getMetadataReader(className);
-		processConfigurationClass(new ConfigurationClass(reader, beanName), DEFAULT_EXCLUSION_FILTER);
+		ConfigurationClass configClass = new ConfigurationClass(reader, beanName);
+		processConfigurationClass(configClass, DEFAULT_EXCLUSION_FILTER);
+		return configClass;
 	}
 
 	/**

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/config/ExecutorBeanDefinitionParser.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package org.springframework.scheduling.config;
 
 import org.w3c.dom.Element;
 
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionBuilder;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.AbstractSingleBeanDefinitionParser;
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ public class ExecutorBeanDefinitionParser extends AbstractSingleBeanDefinitionPa
 		if (StringUtils.hasText(poolSize)) {
 			builder.addPropertyValue("poolSize", poolSize);
 		}
+		builder.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);
 	}
 
 	private void configureRejectionPolicy(Element element, BeanDefinitionBuilder builder) {

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/config/SchedulerBeanDefinitionParser.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2012 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package org.springframework.scheduling.config;
 
 import org.w3c.dom.Element;
 
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionBuilder;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.AbstractSingleBeanDefinitionParser;
 import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ public class SchedulerBeanDefinitionParser extends AbstractSingleBeanDefinitionP
 		if (StringUtils.hasText(poolSize)) {
 			builder.addPropertyValue("poolSize", poolSize);
 		}
+		builder.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);
 	}
 
 }

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/scheduling/support/QuartzCronField.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -317,8 +317,16 @@ final class QuartzCronField extends CronField {
 	private static TemporalAdjuster dayOfWeekInMonth(int ordinal, DayOfWeek dayOfWeek) {
 		TemporalAdjuster adjuster = TemporalAdjusters.dayOfWeekInMonth(ordinal, dayOfWeek);
 		return temporal -> {
-			Temporal result = adjuster.adjustInto(temporal);
-			return rollbackToMidnight(temporal, result);
+			// TemporalAdjusters can overflow to a different month
+			// in this case, attempt the same adjustment with the next/previous month
+			for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
+				Temporal result = adjuster.adjustInto(temporal);
+				if (result.get(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR) == temporal.get(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR)) {
+					return rollbackToMidnight(temporal, result);
+				}
+				temporal = result;
+			}
+			return null;
 		};
 	}
 

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/validation/DataBinder.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -142,6 +142,10 @@ public class DataBinder implements PropertyEditorRegistry, TypeConverter {
 	 */
 	protected static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(DataBinder.class);
 
+	/** Internal constant for constructor binding via "[]". */
+	private static final int NO_INDEX = -1;
+
+
 	@Nullable
 	private Object target;
 
@@ -964,7 +968,7 @@ public class DataBinder implements PropertyEditorRegistry, TypeConverter {
 						value = createMap(paramPath, paramType, resolvableType, valueResolver);
 					}
 					else if (paramType.isArray()) {
-						value = createArray(paramPath, resolvableType, valueResolver);
+						value = createArray(paramPath, paramType, resolvableType, valueResolver);
 					}
 				}
 
@@ -981,11 +985,9 @@ public class DataBinder implements PropertyEditorRegistry, TypeConverter {
 						}
 					}
 					catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
-						ex.initPropertyName(paramPath);
 						args[i] = null;
 						failedParamNames.add(paramPath);
-						getBindingResult().recordFieldValue(paramPath, paramType, value);
-						getBindingErrorProcessor().processPropertyAccessException(ex, getBindingResult());
+						handleTypeMismatchException(ex, paramPath, paramType, value);
 					}
 				}
 			}
@@ -1048,9 +1050,8 @@ public class DataBinder implements PropertyEditorRegistry, TypeConverter {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 	@Nullable
-	private <V> List<V> createList(
+	private List<?> createList(
 			String paramPath, Class<?> paramType, ResolvableType type, ValueResolver valueResolver) {
 
 		ResolvableType elementType = type.getNested(2);
@@ -1058,16 +1059,23 @@ public class DataBinder implements PropertyEditorRegistry, TypeConverter {
 		if (indexes == null) {
 			return null;
 		}
-		int size = (indexes.last() < this.autoGrowCollectionLimit ? indexes.last() + 1 : 0);
-		List<V> list = (List<V>) CollectionFactory.createCollection(paramType, size);
-		indexes.forEach(i -> list.add(null));
-		for (int index : indexes) {
-			list.set(index, (V) createObject(elementType, paramPath + "[" + index + "].", valueResolver));
+
+		int lastIndex = Math.max(indexes.last(), 0);
+		int size = (lastIndex < this.autoGrowCollectionLimit ? lastIndex + 1 : 0);
+		List<?> list = (List<?>) CollectionFactory.createCollection(paramType, size);
+		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+			list.add(null);
 		}
+
+		for (int index : indexes) {
+			String indexedPath = paramPath + "[" + (index != NO_INDEX ? index : "") + "]";
+			list.set(Math.max(index, 0),
+					createIndexedValue(paramPath, paramType, elementType, indexedPath, valueResolver));
+		}
+
 		return list;
 	}
 
-	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 	@Nullable
 	private <V> Map<String, V> createMap(
 			String paramPath, Class<?> paramType, ResolvableType type, ValueResolver valueResolver) {
@@ -1078,34 +1086,44 @@ public class DataBinder implements PropertyEditorRegistry, TypeConverter {
 			if (!name.startsWith(paramPath + "[")) {
 				continue;
 			}
+
 			int startIdx = paramPath.length() + 1;
 			int endIdx = name.indexOf(']', startIdx);
-			String nestedPath = name.substring(0, endIdx + 2);
 			boolean quoted = (endIdx - startIdx > 2 && name.charAt(startIdx) == '\'' && name.charAt(endIdx - 1) == '\'');
 			String key = (quoted ? name.substring(startIdx + 1, endIdx - 1) : name.substring(startIdx, endIdx));
+
 			if (map == null) {
 				map = CollectionFactory.createMap(paramType, 16);
 			}
-			if (!map.containsKey(key)) {
-				map.put(key, (V) createObject(elementType, nestedPath, valueResolver));
-			}
+
+			String indexedPath = name.substring(0, endIdx + 1);
+			map.put(key, createIndexedValue(paramPath, paramType, elementType, indexedPath, valueResolver));
 		}
+
 		return map;
 	}
 
 	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 	@Nullable
-	private <V> V[] createArray(String paramPath, ResolvableType type, ValueResolver valueResolver) {
+	private <V> V[] createArray(
+			String paramPath, Class<?> paramType, ResolvableType type, ValueResolver valueResolver) {
+
 		ResolvableType elementType = type.getNested(2);
 		SortedSet<Integer> indexes = getIndexes(paramPath, valueResolver);
 		if (indexes == null) {
 			return null;
 		}
-		int size = (indexes.last() < this.autoGrowCollectionLimit ? indexes.last() + 1: 0);
+
+		int lastIndex = Math.max(indexes.last(), 0);
+		int size = (lastIndex < this.autoGrowCollectionLimit ? lastIndex + 1: 0);
 		V[] array = (V[]) Array.newInstance(elementType.resolve(), size);
+
 		for (int index : indexes) {
-			array[index] = (V) createObject(elementType, paramPath + "[" + index + "].", valueResolver);
+			String indexedPath = paramPath + "[" + (index != NO_INDEX ? index : "") + "]";
+			array[Math.max(index, 0)] =
+					createIndexedValue(paramPath, paramType, elementType, indexedPath, valueResolver);
 		}
+
 		return array;
 	}
 
@@ -1114,9 +1132,18 @@ public class DataBinder implements PropertyEditorRegistry, TypeConverter {
 		SortedSet<Integer> indexes = null;
 		for (String name : valueResolver.getNames()) {
 			if (name.startsWith(paramPath + "[")) {
-				int endIndex = name.indexOf(']', paramPath.length() + 2);
-				String rawIndex = name.substring(paramPath.length() + 1, endIndex);
-				int index = Integer.parseInt(rawIndex);
+				int index;
+				if (paramPath.length() + 2 == name.length()) {
+					if (!name.endsWith("[]")) {
+						continue;
+					}
+					index = NO_INDEX;
+				}
+				else {
+					int endIndex = name.indexOf(']', paramPath.length() + 2);
+					String indexValue = name.substring(paramPath.length() + 1, endIndex);
+					index = Integer.parseInt(indexValue);
+				}
 				indexes = (indexes != null ? indexes : new TreeSet<>());
 				indexes.add(index);
 			}
@@ -1124,6 +1151,50 @@ public class DataBinder implements PropertyEditorRegistry, TypeConverter {
 		return indexes;
 	}
 
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	@Nullable
+	private <V> V createIndexedValue(
+			String paramPath, Class<?> containerType, ResolvableType elementType,
+			String indexedPath, ValueResolver valueResolver) {
+
+		Object value = null;
+		Class<?> elementClass = elementType.resolve(Object.class);
+
+		if (List.class.isAssignableFrom(elementClass)) {
+			value = createList(indexedPath, elementClass, elementType, valueResolver);
+		}
+		else if (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(elementClass)) {
+			value = createMap(indexedPath, elementClass, elementType, valueResolver);
+		}
+		else if (elementClass.isArray()) {
+			value = createArray(indexedPath, elementClass, elementType, valueResolver);
+		}
+		else {
+			Object rawValue = valueResolver.resolveValue(indexedPath, elementClass);
+			if (rawValue != null) {
+				try {
+					value = convertIfNecessary(rawValue, elementClass);
+				}
+				catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
+					handleTypeMismatchException(ex, paramPath, containerType, rawValue);
+				}
+			}
+			else {
+				value = createObject(elementType, indexedPath + ".", valueResolver);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return (V) value;
+	}
+
+	private void handleTypeMismatchException(
+			TypeMismatchException ex, String paramPath, Class<?> paramType, @Nullable Object value) {
+
+		ex.initPropertyName(paramPath);
+		getBindingResult().recordFieldValue(paramPath, paramType, value);
+		getBindingErrorProcessor().processPropertyAccessException(ex, getBindingResult());
+	}
+
 	private void validateConstructorArgument(
 			Class<?> constructorClass, String nestedPath, String name, @Nullable Object value) {
 
@@ -1410,6 +1481,9 @@ public class DataBinder implements PropertyEditorRegistry, TypeConverter {
 
 		/**
 		 * Return the names of all property values.
+		 * <p>Useful for proactive checks whether there are property values nested
+		 * further below the path for a constructor arg. If not then the
+		 * constructor arg can be considered missing and not to be instantiated.
 		 * @since 6.1.2
 		 */
 		Set<String> getNames();

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/validation/beanvalidation/MethodValidationAdapter.java

@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ public class MethodValidationAdapter implements MethodValidator {
 					container = null;
 				}
 
-				if (node.getKind().equals(ElementKind.PROPERTY)) {
+				if (node.getKind().equals(ElementKind.PROPERTY) || node.getKind().equals(ElementKind.BEAN)) {
 					nestedViolations
 							.computeIfAbsent(parameterNode, k ->
 									new ParamErrorsBuilder(parameter, value, container, index, key))

spring-context/src/main/resources/org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache.xsd

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 	The bean name of the KeyGenerator that is to be used to retrieve the backing caches.
 
 	This attribute is not required, and only needs to be specified
-	explicitly if the default strategy (DefaultKeyGenerator) is not sufficient.
+	explicitly if the default strategy (SimpleKeyGenerator) is not sufficient.
 					]]></xsd:documentation>
 					<xsd:appinfo>
 						<tool:annotation kind="ref">

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/framework/CglibProxyTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -422,6 +422,7 @@ class CglibProxyTests extends AbstractAopProxyTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test  // SPR-13328
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 	void varargsWithEnumArray() {
 		ProxyFactory proxyFactory = new ProxyFactory(new MyBean());
 		MyBean proxy = (MyBean) proxyFactory.getProxy();

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/framework/JdkDynamicProxyTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -141,6 +141,7 @@ class JdkDynamicProxyTests extends AbstractAopProxyTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test  // SPR-13328
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 	void varargsWithEnumArray() {
 		ProxyFactory proxyFactory = new ProxyFactory(new VarargTestBean());
 		VarargTestInterface proxy = (VarargTestInterface) proxyFactory.getProxy();

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/AnnotationBeanNameGeneratorTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -168,6 +168,25 @@ class AnnotationBeanNameGeneratorTests {
 		assertGeneratedName(RestControllerAdviceClass.class, "myRestControllerAdvice");
 	}
 
+	@Test  // gh-34317
+	void generateBeanNameFromStereotypeAnnotationWithStringValueAsExplicitAliasForMetaAnnotationOtherThanComponent() {
+		// As of Spring Framework 6.2, "enigma" is incorrectly used as the @Component name.
+		// As of Spring Framework 7.0, the generated name will be "annotationBeanNameGeneratorTests.StereotypeWithoutExplicitName".
+		assertGeneratedName(StereotypeWithoutExplicitName.class, "enigma");
+	}
+
+	@Test  // gh-34317
+	void generateBeanNameFromStereotypeAnnotationWithStringValueAndExplicitAliasForComponentNameWithBlankName() {
+		// As of Spring Framework 6.2, "enigma" is incorrectly used as the @Component name.
+		// As of Spring Framework 7.0, the generated name will be "annotationBeanNameGeneratorTests.StereotypeWithGeneratedName".
+		assertGeneratedName(StereotypeWithGeneratedName.class, "enigma");
+	}
+
+	@Test  // gh-34317
+	void generateBeanNameFromStereotypeAnnotationWithStringValueAndExplicitAliasForComponentName() {
+		assertGeneratedName(StereotypeWithExplicitName.class, "explicitName");
+	}
+
 
 	private void assertGeneratedName(Class<?> clazz, String expectedName) {
 		BeanDefinition bd = annotatedBeanDef(clazz);
@@ -210,7 +229,7 @@ class AnnotationBeanNameGeneratorTests {
 	@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 	@Component
 	@interface ConventionBasedComponent1 {
-		// This intentionally convention-based. Please do not add @AliasFor.
+		// This is intentionally convention-based. Please do not add @AliasFor.
 		// See gh-31093.
 		String value() default "";
 	}
@@ -218,7 +237,7 @@ class AnnotationBeanNameGeneratorTests {
 	@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 	@Component
 	@interface ConventionBasedComponent2 {
-		// This intentionally convention-based. Please do not add @AliasFor.
+		// This is intentionally convention-based. Please do not add @AliasFor.
 		// See gh-31093.
 		String value() default "";
 	}
@@ -260,7 +279,7 @@ class AnnotationBeanNameGeneratorTests {
 	@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
 	@Controller
 	@interface TestRestController {
-		// This intentionally convention-based. Please do not add @AliasFor.
+		// This is intentionally convention-based. Please do not add @AliasFor.
 		// See gh-31093.
 		String value() default "";
 	}
@@ -319,7 +338,6 @@ class AnnotationBeanNameGeneratorTests {
 		String[] basePackages() default {};
 	}
 
-
 	@TestControllerAdvice(basePackages = "com.example", name = "myControllerAdvice")
 	static class ControllerAdviceClass {
 	}
@@ -328,4 +346,56 @@ class AnnotationBeanNameGeneratorTests {
 	static class RestControllerAdviceClass {
 	}
 
+	@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+	@Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)
+	@interface MetaAnnotationWithStringAttribute {
+
+		String attribute() default "";
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Custom stereotype annotation which has a {@code String value} attribute that
+	 * is explicitly declared as an alias for an attribute in a meta-annotation
+	 * other than {@link Component @Component}.
+	 */
+	@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+	@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
+	@Component
+	@MetaAnnotationWithStringAttribute
+	@interface MyStereotype {
+
+		@AliasFor(annotation = MetaAnnotationWithStringAttribute.class, attribute = "attribute")
+		String value() default "";
+	}
+
+	@MyStereotype("enigma")
+	static class StereotypeWithoutExplicitName {
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Custom stereotype annotation which is identical to {@link MyStereotype @MyStereotype}
+	 * except that it has a {@link #name} attribute that is an explicit alias for
+	 * {@link Component#value}.
+	 */
+	@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+	@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
+	@Component
+	@MetaAnnotationWithStringAttribute
+	@interface MyNamedStereotype {
+
+		@AliasFor(annotation = MetaAnnotationWithStringAttribute.class, attribute = "attribute")
+		String value() default "";
+
+		@AliasFor(annotation = Component.class, attribute = "value")
+		String name() default "";
+	}
+
+	@MyNamedStereotype(value = "enigma", name ="explicitName")
+	static class StereotypeWithExplicitName {
+	}
+
+	@MyNamedStereotype(value = "enigma")
+	static class StereotypeWithGeneratedName {
+	}
+
 }

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/BackgroundBootstrapTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package org.springframework.context.annotation;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Timeout;
 
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.ObjectProvider;
 import org.springframework.beans.testfixture.beans.TestBean;
 import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
 import org.springframework.core.testfixture.EnabledForTestGroups;
@@ -33,6 +34,38 @@ import static org.springframework.core.testfixture.TestGroup.LONG_RUNNING;
  */
 class BackgroundBootstrapTests {
 
+	@Test
+	@Timeout(5)
+	@EnabledForTestGroups(LONG_RUNNING)
+	void bootstrapWithUnmanagedThread() {
+		ConfigurableApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(UnmanagedThreadBeanConfig.class);
+		ctx.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class);
+		ctx.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class);
+		ctx.close();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	@Timeout(5)
+	@EnabledForTestGroups(LONG_RUNNING)
+	void bootstrapWithUnmanagedThreads() {
+		ConfigurableApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(UnmanagedThreadsBeanConfig.class);
+		ctx.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class);
+		ctx.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class);
+		ctx.getBean("testBean3", TestBean.class);
+		ctx.getBean("testBean4", TestBean.class);
+		ctx.close();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	@Timeout(5)
+	@EnabledForTestGroups(LONG_RUNNING)
+	void bootstrapWithCircularReference() {
+		ConfigurableApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(CircularReferenceBeanConfig.class);
+		ctx.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class);
+		ctx.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class);
+		ctx.close();
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	@Timeout(5)
 	@EnabledForTestGroups(LONG_RUNNING)
@@ -41,11 +74,109 @@ class BackgroundBootstrapTests {
 		ctx.getBean("testBean1", TestBean.class);
 		ctx.getBean("testBean2", TestBean.class);
 		ctx.getBean("testBean3", TestBean.class);
+		ctx.getBean("testBean4", TestBean.class);
 		ctx.close();
 	}
 
 
-	@Configuration
+	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
+	static class UnmanagedThreadBeanConfig {
+
+		@Bean
+		public TestBean testBean1(ObjectProvider<TestBean> testBean2) {
+			new Thread(testBean2::getObject).start();
+			try {
+				Thread.sleep(1000);
+			}
+			catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+				throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+			}
+			return new TestBean();
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		public TestBean testBean2() {
+			try {
+				Thread.sleep(2000);
+			}
+			catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+				throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+			}
+			return new TestBean();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
+	static class UnmanagedThreadsBeanConfig {
+
+		@Bean
+		public TestBean testBean1(ObjectProvider<TestBean> testBean3, ObjectProvider<TestBean> testBean4) {
+			new Thread(testBean3::getObject).start();
+			new Thread(testBean4::getObject).start();
+			new Thread(testBean3::getObject).start();
+			new Thread(testBean4::getObject).start();
+			try {
+				Thread.sleep(1000);
+			}
+			catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+				throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+			}
+			return new TestBean();
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		public TestBean testBean2(TestBean testBean4) {
+			return new TestBean(testBean4);
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		public TestBean testBean3(TestBean testBean4) {
+			return new TestBean(testBean4);
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		public TestBean testBean4() {
+			try {
+				Thread.sleep(2000);
+			}
+			catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+				throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+			}
+			return new TestBean();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
+	static class CircularReferenceBeanConfig {
+
+		@Bean
+		public TestBean testBean1(ObjectProvider<TestBean> testBean2) {
+			new Thread(testBean2::getObject).start();
+			try {
+				Thread.sleep(1000);
+			}
+			catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+				throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+			}
+			return new TestBean();
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		public TestBean testBean2(TestBean testBean1) {
+			try {
+				Thread.sleep(2000);
+			}
+			catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+				throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+			}
+			return new TestBean();
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
 	static class CustomExecutorBeanConfig {
 
 		@Bean
@@ -58,7 +189,7 @@ class BackgroundBootstrapTests {
 		}
 
 		@Bean(bootstrap = BACKGROUND) @DependsOn("testBean3")
-		public TestBean testBean1(TestBean testBean3) throws InterruptedException{
+		public TestBean testBean1(TestBean testBean3) throws InterruptedException {
 			Thread.sleep(3000);
 			return new TestBean();
 		}
@@ -75,8 +206,8 @@ class BackgroundBootstrapTests {
 		}
 
 		@Bean
-		public String dependent(@Lazy TestBean testBean1, @Lazy TestBean testBean2, @Lazy TestBean testBean3) {
-			return "";
+		public TestBean testBean4(@Lazy TestBean testBean1, @Lazy TestBean testBean2, @Lazy TestBean testBean3) {
+			return new TestBean();
 		}
 	}
 

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/ConfigurationClassEnhancerTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,11 +18,16 @@ package org.springframework.context.annotation;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLClassLoader;
+import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
 import java.security.SecureClassLoader;
 
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
+import org.springframework.core.OverridingClassLoader;
 import org.springframework.core.SmartClassLoader;
+import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 import org.springframework.util.StreamUtils;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@@ -36,19 +41,108 @@ class ConfigurationClassEnhancerTests {
 	@Test
 	void enhanceReloadedClass() throws Exception {
 		ConfigurationClassEnhancer configurationClassEnhancer = new ConfigurationClassEnhancer();
+
 		ClassLoader parentClassLoader = getClass().getClassLoader();
-		CustomClassLoader classLoader = new CustomClassLoader(parentClassLoader);
+		ClassLoader classLoader = new CustomSmartClassLoader(parentClassLoader);
 		Class<?> myClass = parentClassLoader.loadClass(MyConfig.class.getName());
-		configurationClassEnhancer.enhance(myClass, parentClassLoader);
-		Class<?> myReloadedClass = classLoader.loadClass(MyConfig.class.getName());
-		Class<?> enhancedReloadedClass = configurationClassEnhancer.enhance(myReloadedClass, classLoader);
-		assertThat(enhancedReloadedClass.getClassLoader()).isEqualTo(classLoader);
+		Class<?> enhancedClass = configurationClassEnhancer.enhance(myClass, parentClassLoader);
+		assertThat(myClass).isAssignableFrom(enhancedClass);
+
+		myClass = classLoader.loadClass(MyConfig.class.getName());
+		enhancedClass = configurationClassEnhancer.enhance(myClass, classLoader);
+		assertThat(enhancedClass.getClassLoader()).isEqualTo(classLoader);
+		assertThat(myClass).isAssignableFrom(enhancedClass);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void withPublicClass() {
+		ConfigurationClassEnhancer configurationClassEnhancer = new ConfigurationClassEnhancer();
+
+		ClassLoader classLoader = new URLClassLoader(new URL[0], getClass().getClassLoader());
+		Class<?> enhancedClass = configurationClassEnhancer.enhance(MyConfigWithPublicClass.class, classLoader);
+		assertThat(MyConfigWithPublicClass.class).isAssignableFrom(enhancedClass);
+		assertThat(enhancedClass.getClassLoader()).isEqualTo(classLoader);
+
+		classLoader = new OverridingClassLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());
+		enhancedClass = configurationClassEnhancer.enhance(MyConfigWithPublicClass.class, classLoader);
+		assertThat(MyConfigWithPublicClass.class).isAssignableFrom(enhancedClass);
+		assertThat(enhancedClass.getClassLoader()).isEqualTo(classLoader.getParent());
+
+		classLoader = new CustomSmartClassLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());
+		enhancedClass = configurationClassEnhancer.enhance(MyConfigWithPublicClass.class, classLoader);
+		assertThat(MyConfigWithPublicClass.class).isAssignableFrom(enhancedClass);
+		assertThat(enhancedClass.getClassLoader()).isEqualTo(classLoader.getParent());
+
+		classLoader = new BasicSmartClassLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());
+		enhancedClass = configurationClassEnhancer.enhance(MyConfigWithPublicClass.class, classLoader);
+		assertThat(MyConfigWithPublicClass.class).isAssignableFrom(enhancedClass);
+		assertThat(enhancedClass.getClassLoader()).isEqualTo(classLoader.getParent());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void withNonPublicClass() {
+		ConfigurationClassEnhancer configurationClassEnhancer = new ConfigurationClassEnhancer();
+
+		ClassLoader classLoader = new URLClassLoader(new URL[0], getClass().getClassLoader());
+		Class<?> enhancedClass = configurationClassEnhancer.enhance(MyConfigWithNonPublicClass.class, classLoader);
+		assertThat(MyConfigWithNonPublicClass.class).isAssignableFrom(enhancedClass);
+		assertThat(enhancedClass.getClassLoader()).isEqualTo(classLoader.getParent());
+
+		classLoader = new OverridingClassLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());
+		enhancedClass = configurationClassEnhancer.enhance(MyConfigWithNonPublicClass.class, classLoader);
+		assertThat(MyConfigWithNonPublicClass.class).isAssignableFrom(enhancedClass);
+		assertThat(enhancedClass.getClassLoader()).isEqualTo(classLoader.getParent());
+
+		classLoader = new CustomSmartClassLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());
+		enhancedClass = configurationClassEnhancer.enhance(MyConfigWithNonPublicClass.class, classLoader);
+		assertThat(MyConfigWithNonPublicClass.class).isAssignableFrom(enhancedClass);
+		assertThat(enhancedClass.getClassLoader()).isEqualTo(classLoader.getParent());
+
+		classLoader = new BasicSmartClassLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());
+		enhancedClass = configurationClassEnhancer.enhance(MyConfigWithNonPublicClass.class, classLoader);
+		assertThat(MyConfigWithNonPublicClass.class).isAssignableFrom(enhancedClass);
+		assertThat(enhancedClass.getClassLoader()).isEqualTo(classLoader.getParent());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void withNonPublicMethod() {
+		ConfigurationClassEnhancer configurationClassEnhancer = new ConfigurationClassEnhancer();
+
+		ClassLoader classLoader = new URLClassLoader(new URL[0], getClass().getClassLoader());
+		Class<?> enhancedClass = configurationClassEnhancer.enhance(MyConfigWithNonPublicMethod.class, classLoader);
+		assertThat(MyConfigWithNonPublicMethod.class).isAssignableFrom(enhancedClass);
+		assertThat(enhancedClass.getClassLoader()).isEqualTo(classLoader);
+
+		classLoader = new OverridingClassLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());
+		enhancedClass = configurationClassEnhancer.enhance(MyConfigWithNonPublicMethod.class, classLoader);
+		assertThat(MyConfigWithNonPublicMethod.class).isAssignableFrom(enhancedClass);
+		assertThat(enhancedClass.getClassLoader()).isEqualTo(classLoader.getParent());
+
+		classLoader = new CustomSmartClassLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());
+		enhancedClass = configurationClassEnhancer.enhance(MyConfigWithNonPublicMethod.class, classLoader);
+		assertThat(MyConfigWithNonPublicMethod.class).isAssignableFrom(enhancedClass);
+		assertThat(enhancedClass.getClassLoader()).isEqualTo(classLoader.getParent());
+
+		classLoader = new BasicSmartClassLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());
+		enhancedClass = configurationClassEnhancer.enhance(MyConfigWithNonPublicMethod.class, classLoader);
+		assertThat(MyConfigWithNonPublicMethod.class).isAssignableFrom(enhancedClass);
+		assertThat(enhancedClass.getClassLoader()).isEqualTo(classLoader.getParent());
 	}
 
 
 	@Configuration
 	static class MyConfig {
 
+		@Bean
+		String myBean() {
+			return "bean";
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	@Configuration
+	public static class MyConfigWithPublicClass {
+
 		@Bean
 		public String myBean() {
 			return "bean";
@@ -56,9 +150,29 @@ class ConfigurationClassEnhancerTests {
 	}
 
 
-	static class CustomClassLoader extends SecureClassLoader implements SmartClassLoader {
+	@Configuration
+	static class MyConfigWithNonPublicClass {
 
-		CustomClassLoader(ClassLoader parent) {
+		@Bean
+		public String myBean() {
+			return "bean";
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	@Configuration
+	public static class MyConfigWithNonPublicMethod {
+
+		@Bean
+		String myBean() {
+			return "bean";
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	static class CustomSmartClassLoader extends SecureClassLoader implements SmartClassLoader {
+
+		CustomSmartClassLoader(ClassLoader parent) {
 			super(parent);
 		}
 
@@ -82,6 +196,29 @@ class ConfigurationClassEnhancerTests {
 		public boolean isClassReloadable(Class<?> clazz) {
 			return clazz.getName().contains("MyConfig");
 		}
+
+		@Override
+		public ClassLoader getOriginalClassLoader() {
+			return getParent();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public Class<?> publicDefineClass(String name, byte[] b, @Nullable ProtectionDomain protectionDomain) {
+			return defineClass(name, b, 0, b.length, protectionDomain);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	static class BasicSmartClassLoader extends SecureClassLoader implements SmartClassLoader {
+
+		BasicSmartClassLoader(ClassLoader parent) {
+			super(parent);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public Class<?> publicDefineClass(String name, byte[] b, @Nullable ProtectionDomain protectionDomain) {
+			return defineClass(name, b, 0, b.length, protectionDomain);
+		}
 	}
 
 }

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/ConfigurationClassPostProcessorTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ import org.springframework.core.task.SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor;
 import org.springframework.core.task.SyncTaskExecutor;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
+import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType;
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@ class ConfigurationClassPostProcessorTests {
 		ConfigurationClassPostProcessor pp = new ConfigurationClassPostProcessor();
 		pp.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
 		assertThat(((RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("config")).hasBeanClass()).isTrue();
+		assertThat(((RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("config")).getBeanClass().getName()).contains(ClassUtils.CGLIB_CLASS_SEPARATOR);
 		Foo foo = beanFactory.getBean("foo", Foo.class);
 		Bar bar = beanFactory.getBean("bar", Bar.class);
 		assertThat(bar.foo).isSameAs(foo);
@@ -118,6 +120,7 @@ class ConfigurationClassPostProcessorTests {
 		ConfigurationClassPostProcessor pp = new ConfigurationClassPostProcessor();
 		pp.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
 		assertThat(((RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("config")).hasBeanClass()).isTrue();
+		assertThat(((RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("config")).getBeanClass().getName()).contains(ClassUtils.CGLIB_CLASS_SEPARATOR);
 		Foo foo = beanFactory.getBean("foo", Foo.class);
 		Bar bar = beanFactory.getBean("bar", Bar.class);
 		assertThat(bar.foo).isSameAs(foo);
@@ -132,6 +135,7 @@ class ConfigurationClassPostProcessorTests {
 		ConfigurationClassPostProcessor pp = new ConfigurationClassPostProcessor();
 		pp.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
 		assertThat(((RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("config")).hasBeanClass()).isTrue();
+		assertThat(((RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("config")).getBeanClass().getName()).doesNotContain(ClassUtils.CGLIB_CLASS_SEPARATOR);
 		Foo foo = beanFactory.getBean("foo", Foo.class);
 		Bar bar = beanFactory.getBean("bar", Bar.class);
 		assertThat(bar.foo).isNotSameAs(foo);
@@ -143,6 +147,7 @@ class ConfigurationClassPostProcessorTests {
 		ConfigurationClassPostProcessor pp = new ConfigurationClassPostProcessor();
 		pp.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
 		assertThat(((RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("config")).hasBeanClass()).isTrue();
+		assertThat(((RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("config")).getBeanClass().getName()).doesNotContain(ClassUtils.CGLIB_CLASS_SEPARATOR);
 		Foo foo = beanFactory.getBean("foo", Foo.class);
 		Bar bar = beanFactory.getBean("bar", Bar.class);
 		assertThat(bar.foo).isNotSameAs(foo);
@@ -154,6 +159,7 @@ class ConfigurationClassPostProcessorTests {
 		ConfigurationClassPostProcessor pp = new ConfigurationClassPostProcessor();
 		pp.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
 		assertThat(((RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("config")).hasBeanClass()).isTrue();
+		assertThat(((RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("config")).getBeanClass().getName()).doesNotContain(ClassUtils.CGLIB_CLASS_SEPARATOR);
 		assertThat(((RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("foo")).hasBeanClass()).isTrue();
 		assertThat(((RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("bar")).hasBeanClass()).isTrue();
 		Foo foo = beanFactory.getBean("foo", Foo.class);
@@ -167,6 +173,7 @@ class ConfigurationClassPostProcessorTests {
 		ConfigurationClassPostProcessor pp = new ConfigurationClassPostProcessor();
 		pp.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
 		assertThat(((RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("config")).hasBeanClass()).isTrue();
+		assertThat(((RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("config")).getBeanClass().getName()).doesNotContain(ClassUtils.CGLIB_CLASS_SEPARATOR);
 		assertThat(((RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("foo")).hasBeanClass()).isTrue();
 		assertThat(((RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("bar")).hasBeanClass()).isTrue();
 		Foo foo = beanFactory.getBean("foo", Foo.class);
@@ -174,6 +181,15 @@ class ConfigurationClassPostProcessorTests {
 		assertThat(bar.foo).isNotSameAs(foo);
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void enhancementIsNotPresentWithEmptyConfig() {
+		beanFactory.registerBeanDefinition("config", new RootBeanDefinition(EmptyConfig.class));
+		ConfigurationClassPostProcessor pp = new ConfigurationClassPostProcessor();
+		pp.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
+		assertThat(((RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("config")).hasBeanClass()).isTrue();
+		assertThat(((RootBeanDefinition) beanFactory.getBeanDefinition("config")).getBeanClass().getName()).doesNotContain(ClassUtils.CGLIB_CLASS_SEPARATOR);
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void configurationIntrospectionOfInnerClassesWorksWithDotNameSyntax() {
 		beanFactory.registerBeanDefinition("config", new RootBeanDefinition(getClass().getName() + ".SingletonBeanConfig"));
@@ -1166,7 +1182,7 @@ class ConfigurationClassPostProcessorTests {
 	}
 
 	@Configuration
-	static class StaticSingletonBeanConfig {
+	static final class StaticSingletonBeanConfig {
 
 		@Bean
 		public static Foo foo() {
@@ -1179,6 +1195,10 @@ class ConfigurationClassPostProcessorTests {
 		}
 	}
 
+	@Configuration
+	static final class EmptyConfig {
+	}
+
 	@Configuration
 	@Order(2)
 	static class OverridingSingletonBeanConfig {

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/annotation/InvalidConfigurationClassDefinitionTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -37,16 +37,18 @@ class InvalidConfigurationClassDefinitionTests {
 	@Test
 	void configurationClassesMayNotBeFinal() {
 		@Configuration
-		final class Config { }
+		final class Config {
+			@Bean String dummy() { return "dummy"; }
+		}
 
 		BeanDefinition configBeanDef = rootBeanDefinition(Config.class).getBeanDefinition();
 		DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
 		beanFactory.registerBeanDefinition("config", configBeanDef);
 
 		ConfigurationClassPostProcessor pp = new ConfigurationClassPostProcessor();
-		assertThatExceptionOfType(BeanDefinitionParsingException.class).isThrownBy(() ->
-				pp.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory))
-			.withMessageContaining("Remove the final modifier");
+		assertThatExceptionOfType(BeanDefinitionParsingException.class)
+				.isThrownBy(() -> pp.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory))
+				.withMessageContaining("Remove the final modifier");
 	}
 
 }