Release v6.2.2

Closes gh-34230

.github/actions/prepare-gradle-build/action.yml

@@ -31,10 +31,11 @@ runs:
           ${{ inputs.java-early-access == 'true' && format('{0}-ea', inputs.java-version) || inputs.java-version }}
           ${{ inputs.java-toolchain == 'true' && '17' || '' }}
     - name: Set Up Gradle
-      uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@d156388eb19639ec20ade50009f3d199ce1e2808 # v4.1.0
+      uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@cc4fc85e6b35bafd578d5ffbc76a5518407e1af0 # v4.2.1
       with:
         cache-read-only: false
         develocity-access-key: ${{ inputs.develocity-access-key }}
+        develocity-token-expiry: 4
     - name: Configure Gradle Properties
       shell: bash
       run: |

.github/actions/sync-to-maven-central/action.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ runs:
   using: composite
   steps:
     - name: Set Up JFrog CLI
-      uses: jfrog/setup-jfrog-cli@9fe0f98bd45b19e6e931d457f4e98f8f84461fb5 # v4.4.1
+      uses: jfrog/setup-jfrog-cli@dff217c085c17666e8849ebdbf29c8fe5e3995e6 # v4.5.2
       env:
         JF_ENV_SPRING: ${{ inputs.jfrog-cli-config-token }}
     - name: Download Release Artifacts

.github/workflows/build-and-deploy-snapshot.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ jobs:
           develocity-access-key: ${{ secrets.DEVELOCITY_ACCESS_KEY }}
           publish: true
       - name: Deploy
-        uses: spring-io/artifactory-deploy-action@26bbe925a75f4f863e1e529e85be2d0093cac116 # v0.0.1
+        uses: spring-io/artifactory-deploy-action@dc1913008c0599f0c4b1fdafb6ff3c502b3565ea # v0.0.2
         with:
           artifact-properties: |
             /**/framework-api-*.zip::zip.name=spring-framework,zip.deployed=false

.github/workflows/build-pull-request.yml

@@ -9,22 +9,11 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 60
     steps:
-      - name: Set Up JDK 17
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
-        with:
-          distribution: 'liberica'
-          java-version: '17'
-      - name: Check Out
+      - name: Check Out Code
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Validate Gradle Wrapper
-        uses: gradle/actions/wrapper-validation@d156388eb19639ec20ade50009f3d199ce1e2808 # v4.1.0
-      - name: Set Up Gradle
-        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@d156388eb19639ec20ade50009f3d199ce1e2808 # v4.1.0
       - name: Build
-        env:
-          CI: 'true'
-          GRADLE_ENTERPRISE_URL: 'https://ge.spring.io'
-        run: ./gradlew -Dorg.gradle.internal.launcher.welcomeMessageEnabled=false --no-daemon --no-parallel --continue build
+        id: build
+        uses: ./.github/actions/build
       - name: Print JVM Thread Dumps When Cancelled
         if: cancelled()
         uses: ./.github/actions/print-jvm-thread-dumps

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Set up JFrog CLI
-        uses: jfrog/setup-jfrog-cli@9fe0f98bd45b19e6e931d457f4e98f8f84461fb5 # v4.4.1
+        uses: jfrog/setup-jfrog-cli@dff217c085c17666e8849ebdbf29c8fe5e3995e6 # v4.5.2
         env:
           JF_ENV_SPRING: ${{ secrets.JF_ARTIFACTORY_SPRING }}
       - name: Promote build

.github/workflows/update-antora-ui-spring.yml

@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@ permissions:
 
 jobs:
   update-antora-ui-spring:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Update on Supported Branches
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'spring-projects/spring-framework' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
         branch: [ '6.1.x' ]
@@ -25,8 +26,9 @@ jobs:
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
           antora-file-path: 'framework-docs/antora-playbook.yml'
   update-antora-ui-spring-docs-build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Update on docs-build
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'spring-projects/spring-framework' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: spring-io/spring-doc-actions/update-antora-spring-ui@5a57bcc6a0da2a1474136cf29571b277850432bc
         name: Update

.github/workflows/verify.yml

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ jobs:
           distribution: 'liberica'
           java-version: 17
       - name: Set Up Gradle
-        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@d156388eb19639ec20ade50009f3d199ce1e2808 # v4.1.0
+        uses: gradle/actions/setup-gradle@cc4fc85e6b35bafd578d5ffbc76a5518407e1af0 # v4.2.1
         with:
           cache-read-only: false
       - name: Configure Gradle Properties

.sdkmanrc

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 # Enable auto-env through the sdkman_auto_env config
 # Add key=value pairs of SDKs to use below
-java=17.0.12-librca
+java=17.0.13-librca

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ First off, thank you for taking the time to contribute! :+1: :tada:
 
 ### Code of Conduct
 
-This project is governed by the [Spring Code of Conduct](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.adoc).
+This project is governed by the [Spring Code of Conduct](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework#coc-ov-file).
 By participating you are expected to uphold this code.
 Please report unacceptable behavior to spring-code-of-conduct@spring.io.
 
@@ -65,10 +65,6 @@ follow-up reports will need to be created as new issues with a fresh description
 
 #### Submit a Pull Request
 
-1. If you have not previously done so, please sign the
-[Contributor License Agreement](https://cla.spring.io/sign/spring). You will be reminded
-automatically when you submit the PR.
-
 1. Should you create an issue first? No, just create the pull request and use the
 description to provide context and motivation, as you would for an issue. If you want
 to start a discussion first or have already created an issue, once a pull request is
@@ -85,6 +81,11 @@ multiple edits or corrections of the same logical change. See
 [Rewriting History section of Pro Git](https://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History)
 for an overview of streamlining the commit history.
 
+1. All commits must include a _Signed-off-by_ trailer at the end of each commit message
+to indicate that the contributor agrees to the Developer Certificate of Origin.
+For additional details, please refer to the blog post
+[Hello DCO, Goodbye CLA: Simplifying Contributions to Spring](https://spring.io/blog/2025/01/06/hello-dco-goodbye-cla-simplifying-contributions-to-spring).
+
 1. Format commit messages using 55 characters for the subject line, 72 characters per line
 for the description, followed by the issue fixed, for example, `Closes gh-22276`. See the
 [Commit Guidelines section of Pro Git](https://git-scm.com/book/en/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#Commit-Guidelines)

build.gradle

@@ -25,17 +25,17 @@ configure(allprojects) { project ->
 	repositories {
 		mavenCentral()
 		maven {
-			url "https://repo.spring.io/milestone"
+			url = "https://repo.spring.io/milestone"
 			content {
 				// Netty 5 optional support
 				includeGroup 'io.projectreactor.netty'
 			}
 		}
 		if (version.contains('-')) {
-			maven { url "https://repo.spring.io/milestone" }
+			maven { url = "https://repo.spring.io/milestone" }
 		}
 		if (version.endsWith('-SNAPSHOT')) {
-			maven { url "https://repo.spring.io/snapshot" }
+			maven { url = "https://repo.spring.io/snapshot" }
 		}
 	}
 	configurations.all {
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ configure([rootProject] + javaProjects) { project ->
 			// TODO Uncomment link to JUnit 5 docs once we execute Gradle with Java 18+.
 			// See https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/issues/27497
 			//
-			// "https://junit.org/junit5/docs/5.11.3/api/",
+			// "https://junit.org/junit5/docs/5.11.4/api/",
 			"https://www.reactive-streams.org/reactive-streams-1.0.3-javadoc/",
 			//"https://javadoc.io/static/io.rsocket/rsocket-core/1.1.1/",
 			"https://r2dbc.io/spec/1.0.0.RELEASE/api/",

buildSrc/src/main/java/org/springframework/build/CheckstyleConventions.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public class CheckstyleConventions {
 			project.getPlugins().apply(CheckstylePlugin.class);
 			project.getTasks().withType(Checkstyle.class).forEach(checkstyle -> checkstyle.getMaxHeapSize().set("1g"));
 			CheckstyleExtension checkstyle = project.getExtensions().getByType(CheckstyleExtension.class);
-			checkstyle.setToolVersion("10.20.2");
+			checkstyle.setToolVersion("10.21.1");
 			checkstyle.getConfigDirectory().set(project.getRootProject().file("src/checkstyle"));
 			String version = SpringJavaFormatPlugin.class.getPackage().getImplementationVersion();
 			DependencySet checkstyleDependencies = project.getConfigurations().getByName("checkstyle").getDependencies();

framework-api/framework-api.gradle

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ apply from: "${rootDir}/gradle/publications.gradle"
 
 repositories {
 	maven {
-		url "https://repo.spring.io/release"
+		url = "https://repo.spring.io/release"
 	}
 }
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ tasks.register('schemaZip', Zip) {
 	archiveClassifier.set("schema")
 	description = "Builds -${archiveClassifier} archive containing all " +
 			"XSDs for deployment at https://springframework.org/schema."
-	duplicatesStrategy DuplicatesStrategy.EXCLUDE
+	duplicatesStrategy = DuplicatesStrategy.EXCLUDE
 	moduleProjects.each { module ->
 		def Properties schemas = new Properties();
 

framework-docs/framework-docs.gradle

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ javadoc {
 
 repositories {
 	maven {
-		url "https://repo.spring.io/release"
+		url = "https://repo.spring.io/release"
 	}
 }
 

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/beans/context-introduction.adoc

@@ -578,6 +578,8 @@ Kotlin::
 ----
 ======
 
+NOTE: Do not define such beans to be lazy as the `ApplicationContext` will honour that and will not register the method to listen to events.
+
 The method signature once again declares the event type to which it listens,
 but, this time, with a flexible name and without implementing a specific listener interface.
 The event type can also be narrowed through generics as long as the actual event type

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/beans/dependencies/factory-dependson.adoc

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 If a bean is a dependency of another bean, that usually means that one bean is set as a
 property of another. Typically you accomplish this with the
-xref:core/beans/dependencies/factory-properties-detailed.adoc#beans-ref-element[`<ref/>` element>]
+xref:core/beans/dependencies/factory-properties-detailed.adoc#beans-ref-element[`<ref/>` element]
 in XML-based metadata or through xref:core/beans/dependencies/factory-autowire.adoc[autowiring].
 
 However, sometimes dependencies between beans are less direct. An example is when a static

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/beans/dependencies/factory-properties-detailed.adoc

@@ -168,8 +168,8 @@ listings shows how to use the `parent` attribute:
 
 [source,xml,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
-	<!-- in the child (descendant) context -->
-	<bean id="accountService" <!-- bean name is the same as the parent bean -->
+	<!-- in the child (descendant) context, bean name is the same as the parent bean -->
+	<bean id="accountService" 
 		class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
 		<property name="target">
 			<ref parent="accountService"/> <!-- notice how we refer to the parent bean -->

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/beans/java/basic-concepts.adoc

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ This prevents the same `@Bean` method from accidentally being invoked through a
 Java method call, which helps to reduce subtle bugs that can be hard to track down.
 
 When `@Bean` methods are declared within classes that are not annotated with
-`@Configuration` - or when `@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods=false)` is declared -,
+`@Configuration`, or when `@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods=false)` is declared,
 they are referred to as being processed in a "lite" mode. In such scenarios,
 `@Bean` methods are effectively a general-purpose factory method mechanism without
 special runtime processing (that is, without generating a CGLIB subclass for it).

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/integration/observability.adoc

@@ -270,6 +270,7 @@ By default, the following `KeyValues` are created:
 == HTTP Client Instrumentation
 
 HTTP client exchange observations are created with the name `"http.client.requests"` for blocking and reactive clients.
+This observation measures the entire HTTP request/response exchange, from connection establishment up to body deserialization.
 Unlike their server counterparts, the instrumentation is implemented directly in the client so the only required step is to configure an `ObservationRegistry` on the client.
 
 [[observability.http-client.resttemplate]]
@@ -285,7 +286,7 @@ Instrumentation uses the `org.springframework.http.client.observation.ClientRequ
 |===
 |Name | Description
 |`method` _(required)_|Name of the HTTP request method or `"none"` if not a well-known method.
-|`uri` _(required)_|URI template used for HTTP request, or `"none"` if none was provided. Only the path part of the URI is considered.
+|`uri` _(required)_|URI template used for HTTP request, or `"none"` if none was provided. The protocol, host and port part of the URI are not considered.
 |`client.name` _(required)_|Client name derived from the request URI host.
 |`status` _(required)_|HTTP response raw status code, or `"IO_ERROR"` in case of `IOException`, or `"CLIENT_ERROR"` if no response was received.
 |`outcome` _(required)_|Outcome of the HTTP client exchange.
@@ -313,7 +314,7 @@ Instrumentation uses the `org.springframework.http.client.observation.ClientRequ
 |===
 |Name | Description
 |`method` _(required)_|Name of the HTTP request method or `"none"` if the request could not be created.
-|`uri` _(required)_|URI template used for HTTP request, or `"none"` if none was provided. Only the path part of the URI is considered.
+|`uri` _(required)_|URI template used for HTTP request, or `"none"` if none was provided. The protocol, host and port part of the URI are not considered.
 |`client.name` _(required)_|Client name derived from the request URI host.
 |`status` _(required)_|HTTP response raw status code, or `"IO_ERROR"` in case of `IOException`, or `"CLIENT_ERROR"` if no response was received.
 |`outcome` _(required)_|Outcome of the HTTP client exchange.
@@ -342,7 +343,7 @@ Instrumentation uses the `org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.Clien
 |===
 |Name | Description
 |`method` _(required)_|Name of the HTTP request method or `"none"` if not a well-known method.
-|`uri` _(required)_|URI template used for HTTP request, or `"none"` if none was provided. Only the path part of the URI is considered.
+|`uri` _(required)_|URI template used for HTTP request, or `"none"` if none was provided. The protocol, host and port part of the URI are not considered.
 |`client.name` _(required)_|Client name derived from the request URI host.
 |`status` _(required)_|HTTP response raw status code, or `"IO_ERROR"` in case of `IOException`, or `"CLIENT_ERROR"` if no response was received.
 |`outcome` _(required)_|Outcome of the HTTP client exchange.

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/integration/rest-clients.adoc

@@ -938,10 +938,10 @@ method parameters:
 | Dynamically set the HTTP method for the request, overriding the annotation's `method` attribute
 
 | `@RequestHeader`
-| Add a request header or multiple headers. The argument may be a `Map<String, ?>` or
-  `MultiValueMap<String, ?>` with multiple headers, a `Collection<?>` of values, or an
-  individual value. Type conversion is supported for non-String values. This overrides
-  the annotation's `headers` attribute.
+| Add a request header or multiple headers. The argument may be a single value,
+  a `Collection<?>` of values, `Map<String, ?>`,`MultiValueMap<String, ?>`.
+  Type conversion is supported for non-String values. Header values are added and
+  do not override already added header values.
 
 | `@PathVariable`
 | Add a variable for expand a placeholder in the request URL. The argument may be a

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/languages/kotlin/annotations.adoc

@@ -14,16 +14,13 @@ For example, `@Autowired lateinit var thing: Thing` implies that a bean
 of type `Thing` must be registered in the application context, while `@Autowired lateinit var thing: Thing?`
 does not raise an error if such a bean does not exist.
 
-Following the same principle, `@Bean fun play(toy: Toy, car: Car?) = Baz(toy, Car)` implies
+Following the same principle, `@Bean fun play(toy: Toy, car: Car?) = Baz(toy, car)` implies
 that a bean of type `Toy` must be registered in the application context, while a bean of
 type `Car` may or may not exist. The same behavior applies to autowired constructor parameters.
 
 NOTE: If you use bean validation on classes with properties or a primary constructor
-parameters, you may need to use
+with parameters, you may need to use
 {kotlin-docs}/annotations.html#annotation-use-site-targets[annotation use-site targets],
 such as `@field:NotNull` or `@get:Size(min=5, max=15)`, as described in
 {stackoverflow-site}/a/35853200/1092077[this Stack Overflow response].
 
-
-
-

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/testing/annotations/integration-spring/annotation-mockitobean.adoc

@@ -11,29 +11,21 @@ If multiple candidates match, `@Qualifier` can be provided to narrow the candida
 override. Alternatively, a candidate whose bean name matches the name of the field will
 match.
 
-When using `@MockitoBean`, a new bean will be created if a corresponding bean does not
-exist. However, if you would like for the test to fail when a corresponding bean does not
-exist, you can set the `enforceOverride` attribute to `true` – for example,
-`@MockitoBean(enforceOverride = true)`.
-
-To use a by-name override rather than a by-type override, specify the `name` attribute
-of the annotation.
-
 [WARNING]
 ====
 Qualifiers, including the name of the field, are used to determine if a separate
 `ApplicationContext` needs to be created. If you are using this feature to mock or spy
-the same bean in several tests, make sure to name the field consistently to avoid
+the same bean in several test classes, make sure to name the field consistently to avoid
 creating unnecessary contexts.
 ====
 
-Each annotation also defines Mockito-specific attributes to fine-tune the mocking details.
+Each annotation also defines Mockito-specific attributes to fine-tune the mocking behavior.
 
-By default, the `@MockitoBean` annotation uses the `REPLACE_OR_CREATE`
+The `@MockitoBean` annotation uses the `REPLACE_OR_CREATE`
 xref:testing/testcontext-framework/bean-overriding.adoc#testcontext-bean-overriding-custom[strategy for test bean overriding].
-If no existing bean matches, a new bean is created on the fly. As mentioned previously,
-you can switch to the `REPLACE` strategy by setting the `enforceOverride` attribute to
-`true`.
+If no existing bean matches, a new bean is created on the fly. However, you can switch to
+the `REPLACE` strategy by setting the `enforceOverride` attribute to `true`. See the
+following section for an example.
 
 The `@MockitoSpyBean` annotation uses the `WRAP`
 xref:testing/testcontext-framework/bean-overriding.adoc#testcontext-bean-overriding-custom[strategy],
@@ -61,6 +53,17 @@ Such fields can therefore be `public`, `protected`, package-private (default vis
 or `private` depending on the needs or coding practices of the project.
 ====
 
+[[spring-testing-annotation-beanoverriding-mockitobean-examples]]
+== `@MockitoBean` Examples
+
+When using `@MockitoBean`, a new bean will be created if a corresponding bean does not
+exist. However, if you would like for the test to fail when a corresponding bean does not
+exist, you can set the `enforceOverride` attribute to `true` – for example,
+`@MockitoBean(enforceOverride = true)`.
+
+To use a by-name override rather than a by-type override, specify the `name` (or `value`)
+attribute of the annotation.
+
 The following example shows how to use the default behavior of the `@MockitoBean` annotation:
 
 [tabs]
@@ -69,11 +72,13 @@ Java::
 +
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
-	class OverrideBeanTests {
+	@SpringJUnitConfig(TestConfig.class)
+	class BeanOverrideTests {
+
 		@MockitoBean // <1>
 		CustomService customService;
 
-		// test case body...
+		// tests...
 	}
 ----
 <1> Replace the bean with type `CustomService` with a Mockito `mock`.
@@ -82,8 +87,8 @@ Java::
 In the example above, we are creating a mock for `CustomService`. If more than one bean
 of that type exists, the bean named `customService` is considered. Otherwise, the test
 will fail, and you will need to provide a qualifier of some sort to identify which of the
-`CustomService` beans you want to override. If no such bean exists, a bean definition
-will be created with an auto-generated bean name.
+`CustomService` beans you want to override. If no such bean exists, a bean will be
+created with an auto-generated bean name.
 
 The following example uses a by-name lookup, rather than a by-type lookup:
 
@@ -93,20 +98,43 @@ Java::
 +
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
-	class OverrideBeanTests {
+	@SpringJUnitConfig(TestConfig.class)
+	class BeanOverrideTests {
+
 		@MockitoBean("service") // <1>
 		CustomService customService;
 
-		// test case body...
+		// tests...
 
 	}
 ----
 <1> Replace the bean named `service` with a Mockito `mock`.
 ======
 
-If no bean definition named `service` exists, one is created.
+If no bean named `service` exists, one is created.
 
-The following example shows how to use the default behavior of the `@MockitoSpyBean` annotation:
+`@MockitoBean` can also be used at the type level:
+
+- on a test class or any superclass or implemented interface in the type hierarchy above
+  the test class
+- on an enclosing class for a `@Nested` test class or on any class or interface in the
+  type hierarchy or enclosing class hierarchy above the `@Nested` test class
+
+When `@MockitoBean` is declared at the type level, the type of bean (or beans) to mock
+must be supplied via the `types` attribute – for example,
+`@MockitoBean(types = {OrderService.class, UserService.class})`. If multiple candidates
+exist in the application context, you can explicitly specify a bean name to mock by
+setting the `name` attribute. Note, however, that the `types` attribute must contain a
+single type if an explicit bean `name` is configured – for example,
+`@MockitoBean(name = "ps1", types = PrintingService.class)`.
+
+To support reuse of mock configuration, `@MockitoBean` may be used as a meta-annotation
+to create custom _composed annotations_ — for example, to define common mock
+configuration in a single annotation that can be reused across a test suite.
+`@MockitoBean` can also be used as a repeatable annotation at the type level — for
+example, to mock several beans by name.
+
+The following `@SharedMocks` annotation registers two mocks by-type and one mock by-name.
 
 [tabs]
 ======
@@ -114,11 +142,70 @@ Java::
 +
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
-	class OverrideBeanTests {
+	@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
+	@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+	@MockitoBean(types = {OrderService.class, UserService.class}) // <1>
+	@MockitoBean(name = "ps1", types = PrintingService.class) // <2>
+	public @interface SharedMocks {
+	}
+----
+<1> Register `OrderService` and `UserService` mocks by-type.
+<2> Register `PrintingService` mock by-name.
+======
+
+The following demonstrates how `@SharedMocks` can be used on a test class.
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
+----
+	@SpringJUnitConfig(TestConfig.class)
+	@SharedMocks // <1>
+	class BeanOverrideTests {
+
+		@Autowired OrderService orderService; // <2>
+
+		@Autowired UserService userService; // <2>
+
+		@Autowired PrintingService ps1; // <2>
+
+		// Inject other components that rely on the mocks.
+
+		@Test
+		void testThatDependsOnMocks() {
+			// ...
+		}
+	}
+----
+<1> Register common mocks via the custom `@SharedMocks` annotation.
+<2> Optionally inject mocks to _stub_ or _verify_ them.
+======
+
+TIP: The mocks can also be injected into `@Configuration` classes or other test-related
+components in the `ApplicationContext` in order to configure them with Mockito's stubbing
+APIs.
+
+[[spring-testing-annotation-beanoverriding-mockitospybean-examples]]
+== `@MockitoSpyBean` Examples
+
+The following example shows how to use the default behavior of the `@MockitoSpyBean`
+annotation:
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
+----
+	@SpringJUnitConfig(TestConfig.class)
+	class BeanOverrideTests {
+
 		@MockitoSpyBean // <1>
 		CustomService customService;
 
-		// test case body...
+		// tests...
 	}
 ----
 <1> Wrap the bean with type `CustomService` with a Mockito `spy`.
@@ -137,12 +224,13 @@ Java::
 +
 [source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
 ----
-	class OverrideBeanTests {
+	@SpringJUnitConfig(TestConfig.class)
+	class BeanOverrideTests {
+
 		@MockitoSpyBean("service") // <1>
 		CustomService customService;
 
-		// test case body...
-
+		// tests...
 	}
 ----
 <1> Wrap the bean named `service` with a Mockito `spy`.

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/testing/annotations/integration-spring/annotation-testbean.adoc

@@ -92,8 +92,10 @@ Java::
 
 [TIP]
 ====
-Spring searches for the factory method to invoke in the test class, in the test class
-hierarchy, and in the enclosing class hierarchy for a `@Nested` test class.
+To locate the factory method to invoke, Spring searches in the class in which the
+`@TestBean` field is declared, in one of its superclasses, or in any implemented
+interfaces. If the `@TestBean` field is declared in a `@Nested` test class, the enclosing
+class hierarchy will also be searched.
 
 Alternatively, a factory method in an external class can be referenced via its
 fully-qualified method name following the syntax `<fully-qualified class name>#<method name>`

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/testing/webtestclient.adoc

@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ Kotlin::
 [[webtestclient-fn-config]]
 === Bind to Router Function
 
-This setup allows you to test <<web-reactive.adoc#webflux-fn, functional endpoints>> via
+This setup allows you to test xref:web/webflux-functional.adoc[functional endpoints] via
 mock request and response objects, without a running server.
 
 For WebFlux, use the following which delegates to `RouterFunctions.toWebHandler` to

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webflux-cors.adoc

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 [[webflux-cors]]
 = CORS
+
 [.small]#xref:web/webmvc-cors.adoc[See equivalent in the Servlet stack]#
 
 Spring WebFlux lets you handle CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing). This section
@@ -364,7 +365,7 @@ Kotlin::
 
 You can apply CORS support through the built-in
 {spring-framework-api}/web/cors/reactive/CorsWebFilter.html[`CorsWebFilter`], which is a
-good fit with <<webflux-fn, functional endpoints>>.
+good fit with xref:web/webflux-functional.adoc[functional endpoints].
 
 NOTE: If you try to use the `CorsFilter` with Spring Security, keep in mind that Spring
 Security has {docs-spring-security}/servlet/integrations/cors.html[built-in support] for

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webflux-functional.adoc

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 [[webflux-fn]]
 = Functional Endpoints
+
 [.small]#xref:web/webmvc-functional.adoc[See equivalent in the Servlet stack]#
 
 Spring WebFlux includes WebFlux.fn, a lightweight functional programming model in which functions

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webflux-websocket.adoc

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 [[webflux-websocket]]
 = WebSockets
+
 [.small]#xref:web/websocket.adoc[See equivalent in the Servlet stack]#
 
 This part of the reference documentation covers support for reactive-stack WebSocket

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webflux/controller/ann-requestmapping.adoc

@@ -605,9 +605,4 @@ For method parameters and returns values, generally, `@HttpExchange` supports a
 subset of the method parameters that `@RequestMapping` does. Notably, it excludes any
 server-side specific parameter types. For details, see the list for
 xref:integration/rest-clients.adoc#rest-http-interface-method-parameters[@HttpExchange] and
-xref:web/webflux/controller/ann-methods/arguments.adoc[@RequestMapping].
-
-`@HttpExchange` also supports a `headers()` parameter which accepts `"name=value"`-like
-pairs like in `@RequestMapping(headers={})` on the client side. On the server side,
-this extends to the full syntax that
-xref:#webflux-ann-requestmapping-params-and-headers[`@RequestMapping`] supports.
+xref:web/webflux/controller/ann-methods/arguments.adoc[@RequestMapping].

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webflux/new-framework.adoc

@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ On that foundation, Spring WebFlux provides a choice of two programming models:
 from the `spring-web` module. Both Spring MVC and WebFlux controllers support reactive
 (Reactor and RxJava) return types, and, as a result, it is not easy to tell them apart. One notable
 difference is that WebFlux also supports reactive `@RequestBody` arguments.
-* <<webflux-fn>>: Lambda-based, lightweight, and functional programming model. You can think of
+* xref:web/webflux-functional.adoc[Functional Endpoints]: Lambda-based, lightweight, and functional programming model. You can think of
 this as a small library or a set of utilities that an application can use to route and
 handle requests. The big difference with annotated controllers is that the application
 is in charge of request handling from start to finish versus declaring intent through

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webmvc-cors.adoc

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 [[mvc-cors]]
 = CORS
+
 [.small]#xref:web/webflux-cors.adoc[See equivalent in the Reactive stack]#
 
 Spring MVC lets you handle CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing). This section

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/webmvc-functional.adoc

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 [[webmvc-fn]]
 = Functional Endpoints
-[.small]#<<web-reactive.adoc#webflux-fn, See equivalent in the Reactive stack>>#
+
+[.small]#xref:web/webflux-functional.adoc[See equivalent in the Reactive stack]#
 
 Spring Web MVC includes WebMvc.fn, a lightweight functional programming model in which functions
 are used to route and handle requests and contracts are designed for immutability.

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/web/websocket.adoc

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 [[websocket]]
 = WebSockets
 :page-section-summary-toc: 1
+
 [.small]#xref:web/webflux-websocket.adoc[See equivalent in the Reactive stack]#
 
 This part of the reference documentation covers support for Servlet stack, WebSocket

framework-platform/framework-platform.gradle

@@ -8,20 +8,20 @@ javaPlatform {
 
 dependencies {
 	api(platform("com.fasterxml.jackson:jackson-bom:2.18.2"))
-	api(platform("io.micrometer:micrometer-bom:1.14.2"))
-	api(platform("io.netty:netty-bom:4.1.115.Final"))
+	api(platform("io.micrometer:micrometer-bom:1.14.3"))
+	api(platform("io.netty:netty-bom:4.1.117.Final"))
 	api(platform("io.netty:netty5-bom:5.0.0.Alpha5"))
-	api(platform("io.projectreactor:reactor-bom:2024.0.1"))
+	api(platform("io.projectreactor:reactor-bom:2024.0.2"))
 	api(platform("io.rsocket:rsocket-bom:1.1.4"))
 	api(platform("org.apache.groovy:groovy-bom:4.0.24"))
 	api(platform("org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-bom:2.21.1"))
-	api(platform("org.assertj:assertj-bom:3.26.3"))
-	api(platform("org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-bom:12.0.15"))
-	api(platform("org.eclipse.jetty.ee10:jetty-ee10-bom:12.0.15"))
+	api(platform("org.assertj:assertj-bom:3.27.2"))
+	api(platform("org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-bom:12.0.16"))
+	api(platform("org.eclipse.jetty.ee10:jetty-ee10-bom:12.0.16"))
 	api(platform("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-bom:1.8.1"))
 	api(platform("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-bom:1.6.3"))
-	api(platform("org.junit:junit-bom:5.11.3"))
-	api(platform("org.mockito:mockito-bom:5.14.2"))
+	api(platform("org.junit:junit-bom:5.11.4"))
+	api(platform("org.mockito:mockito-bom:5.15.2"))
 
 	constraints {
 		api("com.fasterxml:aalto-xml:1.3.2")
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ dependencies {
 		api("com.google.code.findbugs:findbugs:3.0.1")
 		api("com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:3.0.2")
 		api("com.google.code.gson:gson:2.11.0")
-		api("com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java-util:4.28.3")
+		api("com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java-util:4.29.3")
 		api("com.h2database:h2:2.3.232")
 		api("com.jayway.jsonpath:json-path:2.9.0")
 		api("com.oracle.database.jdbc:ojdbc11:21.9.0.0")

gradle.properties

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-version=6.2.1
+version=6.2.2
 
 org.gradle.caching=true
 org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx2048m

gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 distributionPath=wrapper/dists
-distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.11.1-bin.zip
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.12-bin.zip
 networkTimeout=10000
 validateDistributionUrl=true
 zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME

gradlew

@@ -86,8 +86,7 @@ done
 # shellcheck disable=SC2034
 APP_BASE_NAME=${0##*/}
 # Discard cd standard output in case $CDPATH is set (https://github.com/gradle/gradle/issues/25036)
-APP_HOME=$( cd -P "${APP_HOME:-./}" > /dev/null && printf '%s
-' "$PWD" ) || exit
+APP_HOME=$( cd -P "${APP_HOME:-./}" > /dev/null && printf '%s\n' "$PWD" ) || exit
 
 # Use the maximum available, or set MAX_FD != -1 to use that value.
 MAX_FD=maximum

spring-aop/src/test/java/org/springframework/aop/framework/AbstractProxyExceptionHandlingTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ abstract class AbstractProxyExceptionHandlingTests {
 			assertThat(throwableSeenByInterceptor).isSameAs(undeclaredCheckedException);
 			assertThat(throwableSeenByCaller)
 					.isInstanceOf(UndeclaredThrowableException.class)
-					.hasCauseReference(undeclaredCheckedException);
+					.cause().isSameAs(undeclaredCheckedException);
 		}
 
 		@Test
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ abstract class AbstractProxyExceptionHandlingTests {
 			invokeProxy();
 			assertThat(throwableSeenByCaller)
 					.isInstanceOf(UndeclaredThrowableException.class)
-					.hasCauseReference(undeclaredCheckedException);
+					.cause().isSameAs(undeclaredCheckedException);
 		}
 
 		@Test

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/annotation/BeanFactoryAnnotationUtils.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ public abstract class BeanFactoryAnnotationUtils {
 			// Full qualifier matching supported.
 			return qualifiedBeanOfType(lbf, beanType, qualifier);
 		}
-		else if (beanFactory.containsBean(qualifier)) {
+		else if (beanFactory.containsBean(qualifier) && beanFactory.isTypeMatch(qualifier, beanType)) {
 			// Fallback: target bean at least found by bean name.
 			return beanFactory.getBean(qualifier, beanType);
 		}
@@ -110,16 +110,16 @@ public abstract class BeanFactoryAnnotationUtils {
 	/**
 	 * Obtain a bean of type {@code T} from the given {@code BeanFactory} declaring a qualifier
 	 * (for example, {@code <qualifier>} or {@code @Qualifier}) matching the given qualifier).
-	 * @param bf the factory to get the target bean from
+	 * @param beanFactory the factory to get the target bean from
 	 * @param beanType the type of bean to retrieve
 	 * @param qualifier the qualifier for selecting between multiple bean matches
 	 * @return the matching bean of type {@code T} (never {@code null})
 	 */
-	private static <T> T qualifiedBeanOfType(ListableBeanFactory bf, Class<T> beanType, String qualifier) {
-		String[] candidateBeans = BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(bf, beanType);
+	private static <T> T qualifiedBeanOfType(ListableBeanFactory beanFactory, Class<T> beanType, String qualifier) {
+		String[] candidateBeans = BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(beanFactory, beanType);
 		String matchingBean = null;
 		for (String beanName : candidateBeans) {
-			if (isQualifierMatch(qualifier::equals, beanName, bf)) {
+			if (isQualifierMatch(qualifier::equals, beanName, beanFactory)) {
 				if (matchingBean != null) {
 					throw new NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException(beanType, matchingBean, beanName);
 				}
@@ -127,11 +127,11 @@ public abstract class BeanFactoryAnnotationUtils {
 			}
 		}
 		if (matchingBean != null) {
-			return bf.getBean(matchingBean, beanType);
+			return beanFactory.getBean(matchingBean, beanType);
 		}
-		else if (bf.containsBean(qualifier)) {
+		else if (beanFactory.containsBean(qualifier) && beanFactory.isTypeMatch(qualifier, beanType)) {
 			// Fallback: target bean at least found by bean name - probably a manually registered singleton.
-			return bf.getBean(qualifier, beanType);
+			return beanFactory.getBean(qualifier, beanType);
 		}
 		else {
 			throw new NoSuchBeanDefinitionException(qualifier, "No matching " + beanType.getSimpleName() +

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -991,7 +991,11 @@ public abstract class AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory extends AbstractBeanFac
 	 */
 	@Nullable
 	private FactoryBean<?> getSingletonFactoryBeanForTypeCheck(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
-		this.singletonLock.lock();
+		boolean locked = this.singletonLock.tryLock();
+		if (!locked) {
+			return null;
+		}
+
 		try {
 			BeanWrapper bw = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.get(beanName);
 			if (bw != null) {

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/DefaultListableBeanFactory.java

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFacto
 	/** Map from bean name to merged BeanDefinitionHolder. */
 	private final Map<String, BeanDefinitionHolder> mergedBeanDefinitionHolders = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);
 
-	// Set of bean definition names with a primary marker. */
+	/** Set of bean definition names with a primary marker. */
 	private final Set<String> primaryBeanNames = ConcurrentHashMap.newKeySet(16);
 
 	/** Map of singleton and non-singleton bean names, keyed by dependency type. */

spring-beans/src/main/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/support/DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -279,7 +279,25 @@ public class DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry extends SimpleAliasRegistry implements
 				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
 					logger.debug("Creating shared instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
 				}
-				beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
+
+				try {
+					beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
+				}
+				catch (BeanCurrentlyInCreationException ex) {
+					if (locked) {
+						throw ex;
+					}
+					// Try late locking for waiting on specific bean to be finished.
+					this.singletonLock.lock();
+					locked = true;
+					// Singleton object should have appeared in the meantime.
+					singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
+					if (singletonObject != null) {
+						return singletonObject;
+					}
+					beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
+				}
+
 				boolean newSingleton = false;
 				boolean recordSuppressedExceptions = (locked && this.suppressedExceptions == null);
 				if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {

spring-beans/src/test/java/org/springframework/beans/factory/BeanFactoryLockingTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;
 import org.springframework.beans.testfixture.beans.TestBean;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType;
 
 /**
  * @author Juergen Hoeller
@@ -56,9 +55,6 @@ class BeanFactoryLockingTests {
 		@Override
 		public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
 			Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
-				// Fail for circular reference from other thread
-				assertThatExceptionOfType(BeanCurrentlyInCreationException.class).isThrownBy(() ->
-						beanFactory.getBean(ThreadDuringInitialization.class));
 				// Leniently create unrelated other bean outside of singleton lock
 				assertThat(beanFactory.getBean(TestBean.class).getName()).isEqualTo("tb");
 				// Creation attempt in other thread was successful

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/validation/DataBinder.java

@@ -1060,7 +1060,9 @@ public class DataBinder implements PropertyEditorRegistry, TypeConverter {
 		}
 		int size = (indexes.last() < this.autoGrowCollectionLimit ? indexes.last() + 1 : 0);
 		List<V> list = (List<V>) CollectionFactory.createCollection(paramType, size);
-		indexes.forEach(i -> list.add(null));
+		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+			list.add(null);
+		}
 		for (int index : indexes) {
 			list.set(index, (V) createObject(elementType, paramPath + "[" + index + "].", valueResolver));
 		}
@@ -1080,7 +1082,7 @@ public class DataBinder implements PropertyEditorRegistry, TypeConverter {
 			}
 			int startIdx = paramPath.length() + 1;
 			int endIdx = name.indexOf(']', startIdx);
-			String nestedPath = name.substring(0, endIdx + 2);
+			String nestedPath = ((name.length() > endIdx + 1) ? name.substring(0, endIdx + 2) : "");
 			boolean quoted = (endIdx - startIdx > 2 && name.charAt(startIdx) == '\'' && name.charAt(endIdx - 1) == '\'');
 			String key = (quoted ? name.substring(startIdx + 1, endIdx - 1) : name.substring(startIdx, endIdx));
 			if (map == null) {
@@ -1114,7 +1116,7 @@ public class DataBinder implements PropertyEditorRegistry, TypeConverter {
 		SortedSet<Integer> indexes = null;
 		for (String name : valueResolver.getNames()) {
 			if (name.startsWith(paramPath + "[")) {
-				int endIndex = name.indexOf(']', paramPath.length() + 2);
+				int endIndex = name.indexOf(']', paramPath.length() + 1);
 				String rawIndex = name.substring(paramPath.length() + 1, endIndex);
 				int index = Integer.parseInt(rawIndex);
 				indexes = (indexes != null ? indexes : new TreeSet<>());

spring-context/src/main/java/org/springframework/validation/beanvalidation/MethodValidationAdapter.java

@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ public class MethodValidationAdapter implements MethodValidator {
 					container = null;
 				}
 
-				if (node.getKind().equals(ElementKind.PROPERTY)) {
+				if (node.getKind().equals(ElementKind.PROPERTY) || node.getKind().equals(ElementKind.BEAN)) {
 					nestedViolations
 							.computeIfAbsent(parameterNode, k ->
 									new ParamErrorsBuilder(parameter, value, container, index, key))

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/event/ApplicationListenerMethodAdapterTests.java

@@ -213,8 +213,8 @@ class ApplicationListenerMethodAdapterTests extends AbstractApplicationEventList
 
 	@Test
 	void invokeListenerWithWrongGenericPayload() {
-		Method method = ReflectionUtils.findMethod
-				(SampleEvents.class, "handleGenericStringPayload", EntityWrapper.class);
+		Method method = ReflectionUtils.findMethod(
+				SampleEvents.class, "handleGenericStringPayload", EntityWrapper.class);
 		EntityWrapper<Integer> payload = new EntityWrapper<>(123);
 		invokeListener(method, new PayloadApplicationEvent<>(this, payload));
 		verify(this.sampleEvents, times(0)).handleGenericStringPayload(any());

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/context/support/ConversionServiceFactoryBeanTests.java

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class ConversionServiceFactoryBeanTests {
 		converters.add(new ConverterFactory<String, Bar>() {
 			@Override
 			public <T extends Bar> Converter<String, T> getConverter(Class<T> targetType) {
-				return new Converter<> () {
+				return new Converter<>() {
 					@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 					@Override
 					public T convert(String source) {

spring-context/src/test/java/org/springframework/validation/DataBinderConstructTests.java

@@ -121,6 +121,24 @@ class DataBinderConstructTests {
 		assertThat(list.get(2).param1()).isEqualTo("value3");
 	}
 
+	@Test // gh-34145
+	void listBindingWithNonconsecutiveIndices() {
+		MapValueResolver valueResolver = new MapValueResolver(Map.of(
+				"dataClassList[0].param1", "value1", "dataClassList[0].param2", "true",
+				"dataClassList[1].param1", "value2", "dataClassList[1].param2", "true",
+				"dataClassList[3].param1", "value3", "dataClassList[3].param2", "true"));
+
+		DataBinder binder = initDataBinder(ListDataClass.class);
+		binder.construct(valueResolver);
+
+		ListDataClass dataClass = getTarget(binder);
+		List<DataClass> list = dataClass.dataClassList();
+
+		assertThat(list.get(0).param1()).isEqualTo("value1");
+		assertThat(list.get(1).param1()).isEqualTo("value2");
+		assertThat(list.get(3).param1()).isEqualTo("value3");
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void mapBinding() {
 		MapValueResolver valueResolver = new MapValueResolver(Map.of(

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/GenericTypeResolver.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ public final class GenericTypeResolver {
 								generics[i] = resolvedTypeArgument;
 							}
 							else {
-								generics[i] = ResolvableType.forType(typeArgument);
+								generics[i] = ResolvableType.forType(typeArgument).resolveType();
 							}
 						}
 						else if (typeArgument instanceof ParameterizedType) {

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/ResolvableType.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -410,8 +410,9 @@ public class ResolvableType implements Serializable {
 				}
 				matchedBefore.put(this.type, other.type);
 				for (int i = 0; i < ourGenerics.length; i++) {
-					if (!ourGenerics[i].isAssignableFrom(otherGenerics[i],
-							!other.hasUnresolvableGenerics(), matchedBefore, upUntilUnresolvable)) {
+					ResolvableType otherGeneric = otherGenerics[i];
+					if (!ourGenerics[i].isAssignableFrom(otherGeneric,
+							!otherGeneric.isUnresolvableTypeVariable(), matchedBefore, upUntilUnresolvable)) {
 						return false;
 					}
 				}
@@ -1729,8 +1730,16 @@ public class ResolvableType implements Serializable {
 		 * @return {@code true} if these bounds are assignable from all types
 		 */
 		public boolean isAssignableFrom(ResolvableType[] types, @Nullable Map<Type, Type> matchedBefore) {
-			for (ResolvableType type : types) {
-				if (!isAssignableFrom(type, matchedBefore)) {
+			for (ResolvableType bound : this.bounds) {
+				boolean matched = false;
+				for (ResolvableType type : types) {
+					if (this.kind == Kind.UPPER ? bound.isAssignableFrom(type, false, matchedBefore, false) :
+							type.isAssignableFrom(bound, false, matchedBefore, false)) {
+						matched = true;
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+				if (!matched) {
 					return false;
 				}
 			}

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/io/support/PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Enumeration;
 import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.NavigableSet;
@@ -645,13 +646,15 @@ public class PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver implements ResourcePatternResol
 					}
 				}
 				if (currentPrefix != null) {
-					// A prefix match found, potentially to be turned into a common parent cache entry.
-					if (commonPrefix == null || !commonUnique || currentPrefix.length() > commonPrefix.length()) {
-						commonPrefix = currentPrefix;
-						existingPath = path;
-					}
-					else if (currentPrefix.equals(commonPrefix)) {
-						commonUnique = false;
+					if (checkPathWithinPackage(path.substring(currentPrefix.length()))) {
+						// A prefix match found, potentially to be turned into a common parent cache entry.
+						if (commonPrefix == null || !commonUnique || currentPrefix.length() > commonPrefix.length()) {
+							commonPrefix = currentPrefix;
+							existingPath = path;
+						}
+						else if (currentPrefix.equals(commonPrefix)) {
+							commonUnique = false;
+						}
 					}
 				}
 				else if (actualRootPath == null || path.length() > actualRootPath.length()) {
@@ -804,7 +807,7 @@ public class PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver implements ResourcePatternResol
 		if (separatorIndex == -1) {
 			separatorIndex = urlFile.indexOf(ResourceUtils.JAR_URL_SEPARATOR);
 		}
-		if (separatorIndex != -1) {
+		if (separatorIndex >= 0) {
 			jarFileUrl = urlFile.substring(0, separatorIndex);
 			rootEntryPath = urlFile.substring(separatorIndex + 2);  // both separators are 2 chars
 			NavigableSet<String> entriesCache = this.jarEntriesCache.get(jarFileUrl);
@@ -831,11 +834,17 @@ public class PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver implements ResourcePatternResol
 
 		if (con instanceof JarURLConnection jarCon) {
 			// Should usually be the case for traditional JAR files.
-			jarFile = jarCon.getJarFile();
-			jarFileUrl = jarCon.getJarFileURL().toExternalForm();
-			JarEntry jarEntry = jarCon.getJarEntry();
-			rootEntryPath = (jarEntry != null ? jarEntry.getName() : "");
-			closeJarFile = !jarCon.getUseCaches();
+			try {
+				jarFile = jarCon.getJarFile();
+				jarFileUrl = jarCon.getJarFileURL().toExternalForm();
+				JarEntry jarEntry = jarCon.getJarEntry();
+				rootEntryPath = (jarEntry != null ? jarEntry.getName() : "");
+				closeJarFile = !jarCon.getUseCaches();
+			}
+			catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
+				// Happens in case of cached root directory without specific subdirectory present.
+				return Collections.emptySet();
+			}
 		}
 		else {
 			// No JarURLConnection -> need to resort to URL file parsing.
@@ -872,7 +881,13 @@ public class PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver implements ResourcePatternResol
 			}
 			Set<Resource> result = new LinkedHashSet<>(64);
 			NavigableSet<String> entriesCache = new TreeSet<>();
-			for (String entryPath : jarFile.stream().map(JarEntry::getName).sorted().toList()) {
+			Iterator<String> entryIterator = jarFile.stream().map(JarEntry::getName).sorted().iterator();
+			while (entryIterator.hasNext()) {
+				String entryPath = entryIterator.next();
+				int entrySeparatorIndex = entryPath.indexOf(ResourceUtils.JAR_URL_SEPARATOR);
+				if (entrySeparatorIndex >= 0) {
+					entryPath = entryPath.substring(entrySeparatorIndex + ResourceUtils.JAR_URL_SEPARATOR.length());
+				}
 				entriesCache.add(entryPath);
 				if (entryPath.startsWith(rootEntryPath)) {
 					String relativePath = entryPath.substring(rootEntryPath.length());
@@ -1103,6 +1118,10 @@ public class PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver implements ResourcePatternResol
 		return (path.startsWith("/") ? path.substring(1) : path);
 	}
 
+	private static boolean checkPathWithinPackage(String path) {
+		return (path.contains("/") && !path.contains(ResourceUtils.JAR_URL_SEPARATOR));
+	}
+
 
 	/**
 	 * Inner delegate class, avoiding a hard JBoss VFS API dependency at runtime.

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/core/metrics/jfr/FlightRecorderApplicationStartup.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2022 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -51,10 +51,11 @@ public class FlightRecorderApplicationStartup implements ApplicationStartup {
 
 	@Override
 	public StartupStep start(String name) {
+		Long parentId = this.currentSteps.getFirst();
 		long sequenceId = this.currentSequenceId.incrementAndGet();
 		this.currentSteps.offerFirst(sequenceId);
 		return new FlightRecorderStartupStep(sequenceId, name,
-				this.currentSteps.getFirst(), committedStep -> this.currentSteps.removeFirstOccurrence(sequenceId));
+				parentId, committedStep -> this.currentSteps.removeFirstOccurrence(sequenceId));
 	}
 
 }

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/PlaceholderParser.java

@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ final class PlaceholderParser {
 
 		@Override
 		public String resolve(PartResolutionContext resolutionContext) {
-			String value = resolveRecursively(resolutionContext, this.key);
+			String value = resolveRecursively(resolutionContext);
 			if (value != null) {
 				return value;
 			}
@@ -528,6 +528,17 @@ final class PlaceholderParser {
 			}
 			return resolutionContext.handleUnresolvablePlaceholder(this.key, text());
 		}
+
+		@Nullable
+		private String resolveRecursively(PartResolutionContext resolutionContext) {
+			if (!this.text().equals(this.key)) {
+				String value = resolveRecursively(resolutionContext, this.text());
+				if (value != null) {
+					return value;
+				}
+			}
+			return resolveRecursively(resolutionContext, this.key);
+		}
 	}
 
 

spring-core/src/main/java/org/springframework/util/ReflectionUtils.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -719,8 +719,7 @@ public abstract class ReflectionUtils {
 		// Keep backing up the inheritance hierarchy.
 		Class<?> targetClass = clazz;
 		do {
-			Field[] fields = getDeclaredFields(targetClass);
-			for (Field field : fields) {
+			for (Field field : getDeclaredFields(targetClass)) {
 				if (ff != null && !ff.matches(field)) {
 					continue;
 				}

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/aot/generate/GeneratedClassesTests.java

@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ class GeneratedClassesTests {
 				"one", TestComponent.class, emptyTypeCustomizer);
 		GeneratedClass generatedClass2 = this.generatedClasses.getOrAddForFeatureComponent(
 				"one", TestComponent.class, emptyTypeCustomizer);
-		GeneratedClass generatedClass3 = prefixed.getOrAddForFeatureComponent
-				("one", TestComponent.class, emptyTypeCustomizer);
+		GeneratedClass generatedClass3 = prefixed.getOrAddForFeatureComponent(
+				"one", TestComponent.class, emptyTypeCustomizer);
 		GeneratedClass generatedClass4 = prefixed.getOrAddForFeatureComponent(
 				"one", TestComponent.class, emptyTypeCustomizer);
 		assertThat(generatedClass1).isSameAs(generatedClass2).isNotSameAs(generatedClass3);

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/GenericTypeResolverTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -211,6 +211,14 @@ class GenericTypeResolverTests {
 		assertThat(ResolvableType.forType(resolved).getGeneric(0).getGeneric(0).resolve()).isEqualTo(String.class);
 	}
 
+	@Test
+	void resolvedTypeWithBase() {
+		Type type = method(WithBaseTypes.class, "get").getGenericReturnType();
+		Type resolvedType = resolveType(type, WithBaseTypes.class);
+		ParameterizedTypeReference<List<A>> reference = new ParameterizedTypeReference<>() {};
+		assertThat(resolvedType).isEqualTo(reference.getType());
+	}
+
 	private static Method method(Class<?> target, String methodName, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
 		Method method = findMethod(target, methodName, parameterTypes);
 		assertThat(method).describedAs(target.getName() + "#" + methodName).isNotNull();
@@ -398,4 +406,12 @@ class GenericTypeResolverTests {
 	public interface StringListOfListSupplier extends ListOfListSupplier<String> {
 	}
 
+	static class WithBaseTypes {
+
+		<T extends A> List<T> get() {
+			return List.of();
+		}
+
+	}
+
 }

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/core/ResolvableTypeTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -1189,10 +1189,11 @@ class ResolvableTypeTests {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void isAssignableFromForUnresolvedWildcards() {
+	void isAssignableFromForUnresolvedWildcard() {
 		ResolvableType wildcard = ResolvableType.forInstance(new Wildcard<>());
 		ResolvableType wildcardFixed = ResolvableType.forInstance(new WildcardFixed());
-		ResolvableType wildcardConcrete = ResolvableType.forClassWithGenerics(Wildcard.class, Number.class);
+		ResolvableType wildcardConcrete = ResolvableType.forClassWithGenerics(Wildcard.class, CharSequence.class);
+		ResolvableType wildcardConsumer = ResolvableType.forInstance(new WildcardConsumer<>());
 
 		assertThat(wildcard.isAssignableFrom(wildcardFixed)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(wildcard.isAssignableFromResolvedPart(wildcardFixed)).isTrue();
@@ -1206,6 +1207,38 @@ class ResolvableTypeTests {
 		assertThat(wildcardConcrete.isAssignableFromResolvedPart(wildcard)).isTrue();
 		assertThat(wildcardConcrete.isAssignableFrom(wildcardFixed)).isFalse();
 		assertThat(wildcardConcrete.isAssignableFromResolvedPart(wildcardFixed)).isFalse();
+		assertThat(wildcardConsumer.as(Consumer.class).getGeneric().isAssignableFrom(wildcard)).isFalse();
+		assertThat(wildcardConsumer.as(Consumer.class).getGeneric().isAssignableFromResolvedPart(wildcard)).isTrue();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void isAssignableFromForUnresolvedDoubleWildcard() {
+		ResolvableType wildcard = ResolvableType.forInstance(new DoubleWildcard<>());
+		ResolvableType wildcardFixed = ResolvableType.forInstance(new DoubleWildcardFixed());
+		ResolvableType wildcardConsumer = ResolvableType.forInstance(new DoubleWildcardConsumer<>());
+
+		assertThat(wildcard.isAssignableFrom(wildcardFixed)).isTrue();
+		assertThat(wildcard.isAssignableFromResolvedPart(wildcardFixed)).isTrue();
+		assertThat(wildcardFixed.isAssignableFrom(wildcard)).isFalse();
+		assertThat(wildcardFixed.isAssignableFromResolvedPart(wildcard)).isFalse();
+		assertThat(wildcardConsumer.as(Consumer.class).getGeneric().isAssignableFrom(wildcard)).isTrue();
+		assertThat(wildcardConsumer.as(Consumer.class).getGeneric().isAssignableFromResolvedPart(wildcard)).isTrue();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void strictGenericsMatching() {
+		ResolvableType consumerUnresolved = ResolvableType.forClass(Consumer.class);
+		ResolvableType consumerObject = ResolvableType.forClassWithGenerics(Consumer.class, Object.class);
+		ResolvableType consumerNestedUnresolved = ResolvableType.forClassWithGenerics(Consumer.class, ResolvableType.forClass(Consumer.class));
+
+		assertThat(consumerUnresolved.isAssignableFrom(consumerObject)).isTrue();
+		assertThat(consumerUnresolved.isAssignableFromResolvedPart(consumerObject)).isTrue();
+		assertThat(consumerObject.isAssignableFrom(consumerUnresolved)).isTrue();
+		assertThat(consumerObject.isAssignableFromResolvedPart(consumerUnresolved)).isTrue();
+		assertThat(consumerUnresolved.isAssignableFrom(consumerNestedUnresolved)).isTrue();
+		assertThat(consumerUnresolved.isAssignableFromResolvedPart(consumerNestedUnresolved)).isTrue();
+		assertThat(consumerObject.isAssignableFrom(consumerNestedUnresolved)).isFalse();
+		assertThat(consumerObject.isAssignableFromResolvedPart(consumerNestedUnresolved)).isFalse();
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -1752,12 +1785,28 @@ class ResolvableTypeTests {
 	}
 
 
-	public class Wildcard<T extends Number> {
+	public interface Consumer<T> {
 	}
 
-	public class WildcardFixed extends Wildcard<Integer> {
+	public class Wildcard<T extends CharSequence> {
 	}
 
+	public class WildcardFixed extends Wildcard<String> {
+	}
+
+	public class WildcardConsumer<T extends CharSequence & Serializable> implements Consumer<Wildcard<T>> {
+	}
+
+	public class DoubleWildcard<T extends CharSequence & Serializable> {
+	}
+
+	public class DoubleWildcardFixed extends DoubleWildcard<String> {
+	}
+
+	public class DoubleWildcardConsumer<T extends CharSequence & Serializable> implements Consumer<DoubleWildcard<T>> {
+	}
+
+
 
 	interface VariableNameSwitch<V, K> extends MultiValueMap<K, V> {
 	}

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/util/PlaceholderParserTests.java

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
 
 import org.springframework.util.PlaceholderParser.ParsedValue;
 import org.springframework.util.PlaceholderParser.TextPart;
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
 import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.given;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
@@ -220,12 +222,37 @@ class PlaceholderParserTests {
 			);
 		}
 
+		@ParameterizedTest(name = "{0} -> {1}")
+		@MethodSource("exactMatchPlaceholders")
+		void placeholdersWithExactMatchAreConsidered(String text, String expected) {
+			Properties properties = new Properties();
+			properties.setProperty("prefix://my-service", "example-service");
+			properties.setProperty("px", "prefix");
+			properties.setProperty("p1", "${prefix://my-service}");
+			assertThat(this.parser.replacePlaceholders(text, properties::getProperty)).isEqualTo(expected);
+		}
+
+		static Stream<Arguments> exactMatchPlaceholders() {
+			return Stream.of(
+					Arguments.of("${prefix://my-service}", "example-service"),
+					Arguments.of("${p1}", "example-service")
+			);
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void parseWithKeyEqualsToText() {
+			PlaceholderResolver resolver = mockPlaceholderResolver("firstName", "Steve");
+			assertThat(this.parser.replacePlaceholders("${firstName}", resolver))
+					.isEqualTo("Steve");
+			verifyPlaceholderResolutions(resolver, "firstName");
+		}
+
 		@Test
 		void parseWithHardcodedFallback() {
 			PlaceholderResolver resolver = mockPlaceholderResolver();
 			assertThat(this.parser.replacePlaceholders("${firstName:Steve}", resolver))
 					.isEqualTo("Steve");
-			verifyPlaceholderResolutions(resolver, "firstName");
+			verifyPlaceholderResolutions(resolver, "firstName:Steve", "firstName");
 		}
 
 		@Test
@@ -233,7 +260,7 @@ class PlaceholderParserTests {
 			PlaceholderResolver resolver = mockPlaceholderResolver("firstName", "John");
 			assertThat(this.parser.replacePlaceholders("${first${invalid:Name}}", resolver))
 					.isEqualTo("John");
-			verifyPlaceholderResolutions(resolver, "invalid", "firstName");
+			verifyPlaceholderResolutions(resolver, "invalid:Name", "invalid", "firstName");
 		}
 
 		@Test
@@ -348,8 +375,9 @@ class PlaceholderParserTests {
 	}
 
 	void verifyPlaceholderResolutions(PlaceholderResolver mock, String... placeholders) {
+		InOrder ordered = inOrder(mock);
 		for (String placeholder : placeholders) {
-			verify(mock).resolvePlaceholder(placeholder);
+			ordered.verify(mock).resolvePlaceholder(placeholder);
 		}
 		verifyNoMoreInteractions(mock);
 	}

spring-core/src/test/java/org/springframework/util/PropertyPlaceholderHelperTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ class PropertyPlaceholderHelperTests {
 
 	private final PropertyPlaceholderHelper helper = new PropertyPlaceholderHelper("${", "}");
 
+
 	@Test
 	void withProperties() {
 		String text = "foo=${foo}";
@@ -116,8 +117,8 @@ class PropertyPlaceholderHelperTests {
 		props.setProperty("foo", "bar");
 
 		PropertyPlaceholderHelper helper = new PropertyPlaceholderHelper("${", "}", null, null, false);
-		assertThatExceptionOfType(PlaceholderResolutionException.class).isThrownBy(() ->
-				helper.replacePlaceholders(text, props));
+		assertThatExceptionOfType(PlaceholderResolutionException.class)
+				.isThrownBy(() -> helper.replacePlaceholders(text, props));
 	}
 
 	@Nested
@@ -153,13 +154,30 @@ class PropertyPlaceholderHelperTests {
 			);
 		}
 
+		@ParameterizedTest(name = "{0} -> {1}")
+		@MethodSource("exactMatchPlaceholders")
+		void placeholdersWithExactMatchAreConsidered(String text, String expected) {
+			Properties properties = new Properties();
+			properties.setProperty("prefix://my-service", "example-service");
+			properties.setProperty("px", "prefix");
+			properties.setProperty("p1", "${prefix://my-service}");
+			assertThat(this.helper.replacePlaceholders(text, properties)).isEqualTo(expected);
+		}
+
+		static Stream<Arguments> exactMatchPlaceholders() {
+			return Stream.of(
+					Arguments.of("${prefix://my-service}", "example-service"),
+					Arguments.of("${p1}", "example-service")
+			);
+		}
 	}
 
-	PlaceholderResolver mockPlaceholderResolver(String... pairs) {
+
+	private static PlaceholderResolver mockPlaceholderResolver(String... pairs) {
 		if (pairs.length % 2 == 1) {
 			throw new IllegalArgumentException("size must be even, it is a set of key=value pairs");
 		}
-		PlaceholderResolver resolver = mock(PlaceholderResolver.class);
+		PlaceholderResolver resolver = mock();
 		for (int i = 0; i < pairs.length; i += 2) {
 			String key = pairs[i];
 			String value = pairs[i + 1];
@@ -168,5 +186,4 @@ class PropertyPlaceholderHelperTests {
 		return resolver;
 	}
 
-
 }

spring-expression/src/main/java/org/springframework/expression/spel/ast/FunctionReference.java

@@ -229,8 +229,9 @@ public class FunctionReference extends SpelNodeImpl {
 		ReflectionHelper.convertAllMethodHandleArguments(converter, functionArgs, methodHandle, varArgPosition);
 
 		if (isSuspectedVarargs) {
-			if (declaredParamCount == 1) {
-				// We only repackage the varargs if it is the ONLY argument -- for example,
+			if (declaredParamCount == 1 && !methodHandle.isVarargsCollector()) {
+				// We only repackage the arguments if the MethodHandle accepts a single
+				// argument AND the MethodHandle is not a "varargs collector" -- for example,
 				// when we are dealing with a bound MethodHandle.
 				functionArgs = ReflectionHelper.setupArgumentsForVarargsInvocation(
 						methodHandle.type().parameterArray(), functionArgs);

spring-expression/src/test/java/org/springframework/expression/spel/TestScenarioCreator.java

@@ -108,11 +108,16 @@ class TestScenarioCreator {
 				"formatObjectVarargs", MethodType.methodType(String.class, String.class, Object[].class));
 		testContext.registerFunction("formatObjectVarargs", formatObjectVarargs);
 
-		// #formatObjectVarargs(format, args...)
+		// #formatPrimitiveVarargs(format, args...)
 		MethodHandle formatPrimitiveVarargs = MethodHandles.lookup().findStatic(TestScenarioCreator.class,
 				"formatPrimitiveVarargs", MethodType.methodType(String.class, String.class, int[].class));
 		testContext.registerFunction("formatPrimitiveVarargs", formatPrimitiveVarargs);
 
+		// #varargsFunctionHandle(args...)
+		MethodHandle varargsFunctionHandle = MethodHandles.lookup().findStatic(TestScenarioCreator.class,
+				"varargsFunction", MethodType.methodType(String.class, String[].class));
+		testContext.registerFunction("varargsFunctionHandle", varargsFunctionHandle);
+
 		// #add(int, int)
 		MethodHandle add = MethodHandles.lookup().findStatic(TestScenarioCreator.class,
 				"add", MethodType.methodType(int.class, int.class, int.class));

spring-expression/src/test/java/org/springframework/expression/spel/VariableAndFunctionTests.java

@@ -79,6 +79,8 @@ class VariableAndFunctionTests extends AbstractExpressionTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void functionWithVarargs() {
+		// static String varargsFunction(String... strings) -> Arrays.toString(strings)
+
 		evaluate("#varargsFunction()", "[]", String.class);
 		evaluate("#varargsFunction(new String[0])", "[]", String.class);
 		evaluate("#varargsFunction('a')", "[a]", String.class);
@@ -241,6 +243,27 @@ class VariableAndFunctionTests extends AbstractExpressionTests {
 		evaluate("#formatObjectVarargs('x -> %s %s %s', {'a', 'b', 'c'})", expected, String.class);
 	}
 
+	@Test  // gh-34109
+	void functionViaMethodHandleForStaticMethodThatAcceptsOnlyVarargs() {
+		// #varargsFunctionHandle: static String varargsFunction(String... strings) -> Arrays.toString(strings)
+
+		evaluate("#varargsFunctionHandle()", "[]", String.class);
+		evaluate("#varargsFunctionHandle(new String[0])", "[]", String.class);
+		evaluate("#varargsFunctionHandle('a')", "[a]", String.class);
+		evaluate("#varargsFunctionHandle('a','b','c')", "[a, b, c]", String.class);
+		evaluate("#varargsFunctionHandle(new String[]{'a','b','c'})", "[a, b, c]", String.class);
+		// Conversion from int to String
+		evaluate("#varargsFunctionHandle(25)", "[25]", String.class);
+		evaluate("#varargsFunctionHandle('b',25)", "[b, 25]", String.class);
+		evaluate("#varargsFunctionHandle(new int[]{1, 2, 3})", "[1, 2, 3]", String.class);
+		// Strings that contain a comma
+		evaluate("#varargsFunctionHandle('a,b')", "[a,b]", String.class);
+		evaluate("#varargsFunctionHandle('a', 'x,y', 'd')", "[a, x,y, d]", String.class);
+		// null values
+		evaluate("#varargsFunctionHandle(null)", "[null]", String.class);
+		evaluate("#varargsFunctionHandle('a',null,'b')", "[a, null, b]", String.class);
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void functionMethodMustBeStatic() throws Exception {
 		SpelExpressionParser parser = new SpelExpressionParser();

spring-jdbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/jdbc/core/simple/AbstractJdbcCall.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2023 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
 
 import javax.sql.DataSource;
 
@@ -66,6 +68,9 @@ public abstract class AbstractJdbcCall {
 	/** List of RefCursor/ResultSet RowMapper objects. */
 	private final Map<String, RowMapper<?>> declaredRowMappers = new LinkedHashMap<>();
 
+	/** Lock for the compilation step. */
+	private final Lock compilationLock = new ReentrantLock();
+
 	/**
 	 * Has this operation been compiled? Compilation means at least checking
 	 * that a DataSource or JdbcTemplate has been provided.
@@ -284,24 +289,30 @@ public abstract class AbstractJdbcCall {
 	 * @throws org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException if the object hasn't
 	 * been correctly initialized, for example if no DataSource has been provided
 	 */
-	public final synchronized void compile() throws InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException {
-		if (!isCompiled()) {
-			if (getProcedureName() == null) {
-				throw new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException("Procedure or Function name is required");
-			}
-			try {
-				this.jdbcTemplate.afterPropertiesSet();
-			}
-			catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
-				throw new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException(ex.getMessage());
-			}
-			compileInternal();
-			this.compiled = true;
-			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
-				logger.debug("SqlCall for " + (isFunction() ? "function" : "procedure") +
-						" [" + getProcedureName() + "] compiled");
+	public final void compile() throws InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException {
+		this.compilationLock.lock();
+		try {
+			if (!isCompiled()) {
+				if (getProcedureName() == null) {
+					throw new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException("Procedure or Function name is required");
+				}
+				try {
+					this.jdbcTemplate.afterPropertiesSet();
+				}
+				catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+					throw new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException(ex.getMessage());
+				}
+				compileInternal();
+				this.compiled = true;
+				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+					logger.debug("SqlCall for " + (isFunction() ? "function" : "procedure") +
+							" [" + getProcedureName() + "] compiled");
+				}
 			}
 		}
+		finally {
+			this.compilationLock.unlock();
+		}
 	}
 
 	/**

spring-jdbc/src/main/java/org/springframework/jdbc/datasource/JdbcTransactionObjectSupport.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -183,6 +183,13 @@ public abstract class JdbcTransactionObjectSupport implements SavepointManager,
 		catch (SQLFeatureNotSupportedException ex) {
 			// typically on Oracle - ignore
 		}
+		catch (SQLException ex) {
+			// ignore Microsoft SQLServerException: This operation is not supported.
+			String msg = ex.getMessage();
+			if (msg == null || !msg.contains("not supported")) {
+				throw new TransactionSystemException("Could not explicitly release JDBC savepoint", ex);
+			}
+		}
 		catch (Throwable ex) {
 			throw new TransactionSystemException("Could not explicitly release JDBC savepoint", ex);
 		}

spring-messaging/src/main/java/org/springframework/messaging/handler/CompositeMessageCondition.java

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ public class CompositeMessageCondition implements MessageCondition<CompositeMess
 		checkCompatible(other);
 		List<MessageCondition<?>> otherConditions = other.getMessageConditions();
 		for (int i = 0; i < this.messageConditions.size(); i++) {
-			int result = compare (this.messageConditions.get(i), otherConditions.get(i), message);
+			int result = compare(this.messageConditions.get(i), otherConditions.get(i), message);
 			if (result != 0) {
 				return result;
 			}

spring-orm/src/main/java/org/springframework/orm/jpa/SharedEntityManagerCreator.java

@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ public abstract class SharedEntityManagerCreator {
 	@SuppressWarnings("serial")
 	private static class SharedEntityManagerInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler, Serializable {
 
-		private final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
+		private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(SharedEntityManagerInvocationHandler.class);
 
 		private final EntityManagerFactory targetFactory;
 

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/NestedTestConfiguration.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@ import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
  * <li>{@link ActiveProfiles @ActiveProfiles}</li>
  * <li>{@link TestPropertySource @TestPropertySource}</li>
  * <li>{@link DynamicPropertySource @DynamicPropertySource}</li>
+ * <li>{@link org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.convention.TestBean @TestBean}</li>
+ * <li>{@link org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.MockitoBean @MockitoBean}</li>
+ * <li>{@link org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.MockitoSpyBean @MockitoSpyBean}</li>
  * <li>{@link org.springframework.test.annotation.DirtiesContext @DirtiesContext}</li>
  * <li>{@link org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional @Transactional}</li>
  * <li>{@link org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback @Rollback}</li>

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverride.java

@@ -25,15 +25,19 @@ import java.lang.annotation.Target;
 import org.springframework.aot.hint.annotation.Reflective;
 
 /**
- * Mark a composed annotation as eligible for Bean Override processing.
+ * Mark a <em>composed annotation</em> as eligible for Bean Override processing.
  *
  * <p>Specifying this annotation registers the configured {@link BeanOverrideProcessor}
  * which must be capable of handling the composed annotation and its attributes.
  *
- * <p>Since the composed annotation should only be applied to non-static fields, it is
- * expected that it is meta-annotated with {@link Target @Target(ElementType.FIELD)}.
+ * <p>Since the composed annotation will typically only be applied to non-static
+ * fields, it is expected that the composed annotation is meta-annotated with
+ * {@link Target @Target(ElementType.FIELD)}. However, certain bean override
+ * annotations may be declared with an additional {@code ElementType.TYPE} target
+ * for use at the type level, as is the case for {@code @MockitoBean} which can
+ * be declared on a field, test class, or test interface.
  *
- * <p>For concrete examples, see
+ * <p>For concrete examples of such composed annotations, see
  * {@link org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.convention.TestBean @TestBean},
  * {@link org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.MockitoBean @MockitoBean}, and
  * {@link org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.MockitoSpyBean @MockitoSpyBean}.

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -104,11 +104,10 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 			Set<String> generatedBeanNames) {
 
 		String beanName = handler.getBeanName();
-		Field field = handler.getField();
-		Assert.state(!BeanFactoryUtils.isFactoryDereference(beanName),() -> """
-				Unable to override bean '%s' for field '%s.%s': a FactoryBean cannot be overridden. \
-				To override the bean created by the FactoryBean, remove the '&' prefix.""".formatted(
-					beanName, field.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(), field.getName()));
+		Assert.state(!BeanFactoryUtils.isFactoryDereference(beanName), () -> """
+				Unable to override bean '%s'%s: a FactoryBean cannot be overridden. \
+				To override the bean created by the FactoryBean, remove the '&' prefix."""
+					.formatted(beanName, forField(handler.getField())));
 
 		switch (handler.getStrategy()) {
 			case REPLACE -> replaceOrCreateBean(beanFactory, handler, generatedBeanNames, true);
@@ -134,7 +133,6 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 		// 4) Create bean by-name, with a provided name
 
 		String beanName = handler.getBeanName();
-		Field field = handler.getField();
 		BeanDefinition existingBeanDefinition = null;
 		if (beanName == null) {
 			beanName = getBeanNameForType(beanFactory, handler, requireExistingBean);
@@ -169,11 +167,10 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 				existingBeanDefinition = beanFactory.getBeanDefinition(beanName);
 			}
 			else if (requireExistingBean) {
-				throw new IllegalStateException("""
-						Unable to replace bean: there is no bean with name '%s' and type %s \
-						(as required by field '%s.%s')."""
-							.formatted(beanName, handler.getBeanType(),
-								field.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(), field.getName()));
+				Field field = handler.getField();
+				throw new IllegalStateException(
+						"Unable to replace bean: there is no bean with name '%s' and type %s%s."
+							.formatted(beanName, handler.getBeanType(), requiredByField(field)));
 			}
 			// 4) We are creating a bean by-name with the provided beanName.
 		}
@@ -264,13 +261,11 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 				else {
 					String message = "Unable to select a bean to wrap: ";
 					if (candidateCount == 0) {
-						message += "there are no beans of type %s (as required by field '%s.%s')."
-								.formatted(beanType, field.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(), field.getName());
+						message += "there are no beans of type %s%s.".formatted(beanType, requiredByField(field));
 					}
 					else {
-						message += "found %d beans of type %s (as required by field '%s.%s'): %s"
-								.formatted(candidateCount, beanType, field.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(),
-										field.getName(), candidateNames);
+						message += "found %d beans of type %s%s: %s"
+								.formatted(candidateCount, beanType, requiredByField(field), candidateNames);
 					}
 					throw new IllegalStateException(message);
 				}
@@ -281,11 +276,9 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 			// We are wrapping an existing bean by-name.
 			Set<String> candidates = getExistingBeanNamesByType(beanFactory, handler, false);
 			if (!candidates.contains(beanName)) {
-				throw new IllegalStateException("""
-						Unable to wrap bean: there is no bean with name '%s' and type %s \
-						(as required by field '%s.%s')."""
-							.formatted(beanName, beanType, field.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(),
-								field.getName()));
+				throw new IllegalStateException(
+						"Unable to wrap bean: there is no bean with name '%s' and type %s%s."
+							.formatted(beanName, beanType, requiredByField(field)));
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -308,8 +301,8 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 		else if (candidateCount == 0) {
 			if (requireExistingBean) {
 				throw new IllegalStateException(
-						"Unable to override bean: there are no beans of type %s (as required by field '%s.%s')."
-							.formatted(beanType, field.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(), field.getName()));
+						"Unable to override bean: there are no beans of type %s%s."
+							.formatted(beanType, requiredByField(field)));
 			}
 			return null;
 		}
@@ -320,14 +313,14 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 		}
 
 		throw new IllegalStateException(
-				"Unable to select a bean to override: found %d beans of type %s (as required by field '%s.%s'): %s"
-					.formatted(candidateCount, beanType, field.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(),
-						field.getName(), candidateNames));
+				"Unable to select a bean to override: found %d beans of type %s%s: %s"
+					.formatted(candidateCount, beanType, requiredByField(field), candidateNames));
 	}
 
 	private Set<String> getExistingBeanNamesByType(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory, BeanOverrideHandler handler,
 			boolean checkAutowiredCandidate) {
 
+		Field field = handler.getField();
 		ResolvableType resolvableType = handler.getBeanType();
 		Class<?> type = resolvableType.toClass();
 
@@ -345,16 +338,16 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 		}
 
 		// Filter out non-matching autowire candidates.
-		if (checkAutowiredCandidate) {
-			DependencyDescriptor descriptor = new DependencyDescriptor(handler.getField(), true);
+		if (field != null && checkAutowiredCandidate) {
+			DependencyDescriptor descriptor = new DependencyDescriptor(field, true);
 			beanNames.removeIf(beanName -> !beanFactory.isAutowireCandidate(beanName, descriptor));
 		}
 		// Filter out scoped proxy targets.
 		beanNames.removeIf(ScopedProxyUtils::isScopedTarget);
 
 		// In case of multiple matches, fall back on the field's name as a last resort.
-		if (beanNames.size() > 1) {
-			String fieldName = handler.getField().getName();
+		if (field != null && beanNames.size() > 1) {
+			String fieldName = field.getName();
 			if (beanNames.contains(fieldName)) {
 				return Set.of(fieldName);
 			}
@@ -452,4 +445,19 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor,
 		dlbf.destroySingleton(beanName);
 	}
 
+	private static String forField(@Nullable Field field) {
+		if (field == null) {
+			return "";
+		}
+		return " for field '%s.%s'".formatted(field.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(), field.getName());
+	}
+
+	private static String requiredByField(@Nullable Field field) {
+		if (field == null) {
+			return "";
+		}
+		return " (as required by field '%s.%s')".formatted(
+				field.getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(), field.getName());
+	}
+
 }

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverrideContextCustomizer.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import org.springframework.test.context.MergedContextConfiguration;
 
 /**
  * {@link ContextCustomizer} implementation that registers the necessary
- * infrastructure to support {@linkplain BeanOverride bean overriding}.
+ * infrastructure to support {@linkplain BeanOverride Bean Overrides}.
  *
  * @author Simon Baslé
  * @author Stephane Nicoll

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverrideContextCustomizerFactory.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -23,12 +23,11 @@ import java.util.Set;
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfigurationAttributes;
 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextCustomizerFactory;
-import org.springframework.test.context.TestContextAnnotationUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 
 /**
  * {@link ContextCustomizerFactory} implementation that provides support for
- * Bean Overriding.
+ * {@linkplain BeanOverride Bean Overrides}.
  *
  * @author Simon Baslé
  * @author Stephane Nicoll
@@ -44,18 +43,15 @@ class BeanOverrideContextCustomizerFactory implements ContextCustomizerFactory {
 			List<ContextConfigurationAttributes> configAttributes) {
 
 		Set<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = new LinkedHashSet<>();
-		findBeanOverrideHandler(testClass, handlers);
+		findBeanOverrideHandlers(testClass, handlers);
 		if (handlers.isEmpty()) {
 			return null;
 		}
 		return new BeanOverrideContextCustomizer(handlers);
 	}
 
-	private void findBeanOverrideHandler(Class<?> testClass, Set<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers) {
-		if (TestContextAnnotationUtils.searchEnclosingClass(testClass)) {
-			findBeanOverrideHandler(testClass.getEnclosingClass(), handlers);
-		}
-		BeanOverrideHandler.forTestClass(testClass).forEach(handler ->
+	private void findBeanOverrideHandlers(Class<?> testClass, Set<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers) {
+		BeanOverrideHandler.findAllHandlers(testClass).forEach(handler ->
 				Assert.state(handlers.add(handler), () ->
 						"Duplicate BeanOverrideHandler discovered in test class %s: %s"
 							.formatted(testClass.getName(), handler)));

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverrideHandler.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -17,16 +17,18 @@
 package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
+import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
-import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
 import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.LinkedList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
 
 import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
@@ -36,6 +38,7 @@ import org.springframework.core.annotation.MergedAnnotation;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.MergedAnnotations;
 import org.springframework.core.style.ToStringCreator;
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
+import org.springframework.test.context.TestContextAnnotationUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 import org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils;
 
@@ -51,12 +54,14 @@ import static org.springframework.core.annotation.MergedAnnotations.SearchStrate
  * unique set of metadata used to identify the bean to override. Overridden
  * {@code equals()} and {@code hashCode()} methods should also delegate to the
  * {@code super} implementations in this class in order to support the basic
- * metadata used by all bean overrides.
+ * metadata used by all bean overrides. In addition, it is recommended that
+ * implementations override {@code toString()} to include all relevant metadata
+ * in order to enhance diagnostics.
  *
  * <p>Concrete implementations of {@code BeanOverrideHandler} can store additional
  * metadata to use during override {@linkplain #createOverrideInstance instance
- * creation} &mdash; for example, based on further processing of the annotation
- * or the annotated field.
+ * creation} &mdash; for example, based on further processing of the annotation,
+ * the annotated field, or the annotated class.
  *
  * <p><strong>NOTE</strong>: Only <em>singleton</em> beans can be overridden.
  * Any attempt to override a non-singleton bean will result in an exception.
@@ -68,9 +73,14 @@ import static org.springframework.core.annotation.MergedAnnotations.SearchStrate
  */
 public abstract class BeanOverrideHandler {
 
+	private static final Comparator<MergedAnnotation<? extends Annotation>> reversedMetaDistance =
+			Comparator.<MergedAnnotation<? extends Annotation>> comparingInt(MergedAnnotation::getDistance).reversed();
+
+
+	@Nullable
 	private final Field field;
 
-	private final Set<Annotation> fieldAnnotations;
+	private final Set<Annotation> qualifierAnnotations;
 
 	private final ResolvableType beanType;
 
@@ -80,11 +90,11 @@ public abstract class BeanOverrideHandler {
 	private final BeanOverrideStrategy strategy;
 
 
-	protected BeanOverrideHandler(Field field, ResolvableType beanType, @Nullable String beanName,
+	protected BeanOverrideHandler(@Nullable Field field, ResolvableType beanType, @Nullable String beanName,
 			BeanOverrideStrategy strategy) {
 
 		this.field = field;
-		this.fieldAnnotations = annotationSet(field);
+		this.qualifierAnnotations = getQualifierAnnotations(field);
 		this.beanType = beanType;
 		this.beanName = beanName;
 		this.strategy = strategy;
@@ -93,39 +103,117 @@ public abstract class BeanOverrideHandler {
 	/**
 	 * Process the given {@code testClass} and build the corresponding
 	 * {@code BeanOverrideHandler} list derived from {@link BeanOverride @BeanOverride}
-	 * fields in the test class, its type hierarchy, and its enclosing class hierarchy.
+	 * fields in the test class and its type hierarchy.
+	 * <p>This method does not search the enclosing class hierarchy and does not
+	 * search for {@code @BeanOverride} declarations on classes or interfaces.
 	 * @param testClass the test class to process
 	 * @return a list of bean override handlers
+	 * @see #findAllHandlers(Class)
 	 */
 	public static List<BeanOverrideHandler> forTestClass(Class<?> testClass) {
-		List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = new LinkedList<>();
-		ReflectionUtils.doWithFields(testClass, field -> processField(field, testClass, handlers));
+		return findHandlers(testClass, true);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Process the given {@code testClass} and build the corresponding
+	 * {@code BeanOverrideHandler} list derived from {@link BeanOverride @BeanOverride}
+	 * fields in the test class and in its type hierarchy as well as from
+	 * {@code @BeanOverride} declarations on classes and interfaces.
+	 * <p>This method additionally searches for {@code @BeanOverride} declarations
+	 * in the enclosing class hierarchy based on
+	 * {@link TestContextAnnotationUtils#searchEnclosingClass(Class)} semantics.
+	 * @param testClass the test class to process
+	 * @return a list of bean override handlers
+	 * @since 6.2.2
+	 */
+	static List<BeanOverrideHandler> findAllHandlers(Class<?> testClass) {
+		return findHandlers(testClass, false);
+	}
+
+	private static List<BeanOverrideHandler> findHandlers(Class<?> testClass, boolean localFieldsOnly) {
+		List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = new ArrayList<>();
+		findHandlers(testClass, testClass, handlers, localFieldsOnly);
 		return handlers;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Find handlers using tail recursion to ensure that "locally declared" bean overrides
+	 * take precedence over inherited bean overrides.
+	 * <p>Note: the search algorithm is effectively the inverse of the algorithm used in
+	 * {@link org.springframework.test.context.TestContextAnnotationUtils#findAnnotationDescriptor(Class, Class)},
+	 * but with tail recursion the semantics should be the same.
+	 * @param clazz the class in/on which to search
+	 * @param testClass the original test class
+	 * @param handlers the list of handlers found
+	 * @param localFieldsOnly whether to search only on local fields within the type hierarchy
+	 * @since 6.2.2
+	 */
+	private static void findHandlers(Class<?> clazz, Class<?> testClass, List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers,
+			boolean localFieldsOnly) {
+
+		// 1) Search enclosing class hierarchy.
+		if (!localFieldsOnly && TestContextAnnotationUtils.searchEnclosingClass(clazz)) {
+			findHandlers(clazz.getEnclosingClass(), testClass, handlers, localFieldsOnly);
+		}
+
+		// 2) Search class hierarchy.
+		Class<?> superclass = clazz.getSuperclass();
+		if (superclass != null && superclass != Object.class) {
+			findHandlers(superclass, testClass, handlers, localFieldsOnly);
+		}
+
+		if (!localFieldsOnly) {
+			// 3) Search interfaces.
+			for (Class<?> ifc : clazz.getInterfaces()) {
+				findHandlers(ifc, testClass, handlers, localFieldsOnly);
+			}
+
+			// 4) Process current class.
+			processClass(clazz, testClass, handlers);
+		}
+
+		// 5) Process fields in current class.
+		ReflectionUtils.doWithLocalFields(clazz, field -> processField(field, testClass, handlers));
+	}
+
+	private static void processClass(Class<?> clazz, Class<?> testClass, List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers) {
+		processElement(clazz, testClass, (processor, composedAnnotation) ->
+				processor.createHandlers(composedAnnotation, testClass).forEach(handlers::add));
+	}
+
 	private static void processField(Field field, Class<?> testClass, List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers) {
 		AtomicBoolean overrideAnnotationFound = new AtomicBoolean();
-		MergedAnnotations.from(field, DIRECT).stream(BeanOverride.class).forEach(mergedAnnotation -> {
+		processElement(field, testClass, (processor, composedAnnotation) -> {
 			Assert.state(!Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers()),
 					() -> "@BeanOverride field must not be static: " + field);
-			MergedAnnotation<?> metaSource = mergedAnnotation.getMetaSource();
-			Assert.state(metaSource != null, "@BeanOverride annotation must be meta-present");
-
-			BeanOverride beanOverride = mergedAnnotation.synthesize();
-			BeanOverrideProcessor processor = BeanUtils.instantiateClass(beanOverride.value());
-			Annotation composedAnnotation = metaSource.synthesize();
-
 			Assert.state(overrideAnnotationFound.compareAndSet(false, true),
 					() -> "Multiple @BeanOverride annotations found on field: " + field);
-			BeanOverrideHandler handler = processor.createHandler(composedAnnotation, testClass, field);
-			handlers.add(handler);
+			handlers.add(processor.createHandler(composedAnnotation, testClass, field));
 		});
 	}
 
+	private static void processElement(AnnotatedElement element, Class<?> testClass,
+			BiConsumer<BeanOverrideProcessor, Annotation> consumer) {
+
+		MergedAnnotations.from(element, DIRECT)
+				.stream(BeanOverride.class)
+				.sorted(reversedMetaDistance)
+				.forEach(mergedAnnotation -> {
+					MergedAnnotation<?> metaSource = mergedAnnotation.getMetaSource();
+					Assert.state(metaSource != null, "@BeanOverride annotation must be meta-present");
+
+					BeanOverride beanOverride = mergedAnnotation.synthesize();
+					BeanOverrideProcessor processor = BeanUtils.instantiateClass(beanOverride.value());
+					Annotation composedAnnotation = metaSource.synthesize();
+					consumer.accept(processor, composedAnnotation);
+				});
+	}
+
 
 	/**
 	 * Get the annotated {@link Field}.
 	 */
+	@Nullable
 	public final Field getField() {
 		return this.field;
 	}
@@ -222,20 +310,25 @@ public abstract class BeanOverrideHandler {
 				!Objects.equals(this.strategy, that.strategy)) {
 			return false;
 		}
+
+		// by-name lookup
 		if (this.beanName != null) {
 			return true;
 		}
 
 		// by-type lookup
-		return (Objects.equals(this.field.getName(), that.field.getName()) &&
-				this.fieldAnnotations.equals(that.fieldAnnotations));
+		if (this.field == null) {
+			return (that.field == null);
+		}
+		return (that.field != null && this.field.getName().equals(that.field.getName()) &&
+				this.qualifierAnnotations.equals(that.qualifierAnnotations));
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public int hashCode() {
 		int hash = Objects.hash(getClass(), this.beanType.getType(), this.beanName, this.strategy);
 		return (this.beanName != null ? hash : hash +
-				Objects.hash(this.field.getName(), this.fieldAnnotations));
+				Objects.hash((this.field != null ? this.field.getName() : null), this.qualifierAnnotations));
 	}
 
 	@Override
@@ -248,9 +341,27 @@ public abstract class BeanOverrideHandler {
 				.toString();
 	}
 
-	private static Set<Annotation> annotationSet(Field field) {
-		Annotation[] annotations = field.getAnnotations();
-		return (annotations.length != 0 ? new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(annotations)) : Collections.emptySet());
+
+	private static Set<Annotation> getQualifierAnnotations(@Nullable Field field) {
+		if (field == null) {
+			return Collections.emptySet();
+		}
+		Annotation[] candidates = field.getDeclaredAnnotations();
+		if (candidates.length == 0) {
+			return Collections.emptySet();
+		}
+		Set<Annotation> annotations = new HashSet<>(candidates.length - 1);
+		for (Annotation candidate : candidates) {
+			// Assume all non-BeanOverride annotations are "qualifiers".
+			if (!isBeanOverrideAnnotation(candidate.annotationType())) {
+				annotations.add(candidate);
+			}
+		}
+		return annotations;
+	}
+
+	private static boolean isBeanOverrideAnnotation(Class<? extends Annotation> type) {
+		return MergedAnnotations.from(type).isPresent(BeanOverride.class);
 	}
 
 }

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverrideProcessor.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,10 +18,13 @@ package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
 
 /**
- * Strategy interface for Bean Override processing, which creates a
- * {@link BeanOverrideHandler} that drives how the target bean is overridden.
+ * Strategy interface for Bean Override processing, which creates
+ * {@link BeanOverrideHandler} instances that drive how target beans are
+ * overridden.
  *
  * <p>At least one composed annotation that is meta-annotated with
  * {@link BeanOverride @BeanOverride} must be a companion of this processor and
@@ -36,17 +39,45 @@ import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  * @author Sam Brannen
  * @since 6.2
  */
-@FunctionalInterface
 public interface BeanOverrideProcessor {
 
 	/**
 	 * Create a {@link BeanOverrideHandler} for the given annotated field.
+	 * <p>This method will only be invoked when a {@link BeanOverride @BeanOverride}
+	 * annotation is declared on a field &mdash; for example, if the supplied field
+	 * is annotated with {@code @MockitoBean}.
 	 * @param overrideAnnotation the composed annotation that declares the
-	 * {@link BeanOverride @BeanOverride} annotation which registers this processor
+	 * {@code @BeanOverride} annotation which registers this processor
 	 * @param testClass the test class to process
 	 * @param field the annotated field
 	 * @return the {@code BeanOverrideHandler} that should handle the given field
+	 * @see #createHandlers(Annotation, Class)
 	 */
 	BeanOverrideHandler createHandler(Annotation overrideAnnotation, Class<?> testClass, Field field);
 
+	/**
+	 * Create a list of {@link BeanOverrideHandler} instances for the given override
+	 * annotation and test class.
+	 * <p>This method will only be invoked when a {@link BeanOverride @BeanOverride}
+	 * annotation is declared at the type level &mdash; for example, if the supplied
+	 * test class is annotated with {@code @MockitoBean}.
+	 * <p>Note that the test class may not be directly annotated with the override
+	 * annotation. For example, the override annotation may have been declared
+	 * on an interface, superclass, or enclosing class within the test class
+	 * hierarchy.
+	 * <p>The default implementation returns an empty list, signaling that this
+	 * {@code BeanOverrideProcessor} does not support type-level {@code @BeanOverride}
+	 * declarations. Can be overridden by concrete implementations to support
+	 * type-level use cases.
+	 * @param overrideAnnotation the composed annotation that declares the
+	 * {@code @BeanOverride} annotation which registers this processor
+	 * @param testClass the test class to process
+	 * @return the list of {@code BeanOverrideHandlers} for the annotated class
+	 * @since 6.2.2
+	 * @see #createHandler(Annotation, Class, Field)
+	 */
+	default List<BeanOverrideHandler> createHandlers(Annotation overrideAnnotation, Class<?> testClass) {
+		return Collections.emptyList();
+	}
+
 }

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverrideRegistry.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -108,10 +108,11 @@ class BeanOverrideRegistry {
 	}
 
 	void inject(Object target, BeanOverrideHandler handler) {
+		Field field = handler.getField();
+		Assert.notNull(field, () -> "BeanOverrideHandler must have a non-null field: " + handler);
 		String beanName = this.handlerToBeanNameMap.get(handler);
-		Assert.state(StringUtils.hasLength(beanName),
-				() -> "No bean found for BeanOverrideHandler: " + handler);
-		inject(handler.getField(), target, beanName);
+		Assert.state(StringUtils.hasLength(beanName), () -> "No bean found for BeanOverrideHandler: " + handler);
+		inject(field, target, beanName);
 	}
 
 	private void inject(Field field, Object target, String beanName) {

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/convention/TestBean.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -44,24 +44,24 @@ import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverride;
  * you can set the {@link #enforceOverride() enforceOverride} attribute to {@code true}
  * — for example,  {@code @TestBean(enforceOverride = true)}.
  *
- * <p>The instance is created from a zero-argument static factory method in the
- * test class whose return type is compatible with the annotated field. In the
- * case of a nested test class, the enclosing class hierarchy is also searched.
- * Similarly, if the test class extends from a base class or implements any
- * interfaces, the entire type hierarchy is searched. Alternatively, a factory
- * method in an external class can be referenced via its fully-qualified method
- * name following the syntax {@code <fully-qualified class name>#<method name>}
- * &mdash; for example,
+ * <p>The instance is created from a zero-argument static factory method whose
+ * return type is compatible with the annotated field. The factory method can be
+ * declared directly in the class which declares the {@code @TestBean} field or
+ * within the type hierarchy above that class, including implemented interfaces.
+ * If the {@code @TestBean} field is declared in a nested test class, the enclosing
+ * class hierarchy is also searched. Alternatively, a factory method in an external
+ * class can be referenced via its fully-qualified method name following the syntax
+ * {@code <fully-qualified class name>#<method name>} &mdash; for example,
  * {@code @TestBean(methodName = "org.example.TestUtils#createCustomerRepository")}.
  *
  * <p>The factory method is deduced as follows.
  *
  * <ul>
- * <li>If the {@link #methodName()} is specified, look for a static method with
- * that name.</li>
- * <li>If a method name is not specified, look for exactly one static method
- * named with either the name of the annotated field or the name of the bean
- * (if specified).</li>
+ * <li>If the {@link #methodName methodName} is specified, Spring looks for a static
+ * method with that name.</li>
+ * <li>If a method name is not specified, Spring looks for exactly one static method
+ * whose name is either the name of the annotated field or the {@link #name() name}
+ * of the bean (if specified).</li>
  * </ul>
  *
  * <p>Consider the following example.
@@ -110,6 +110,10 @@ import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverride;
  * {@code protected}, package-private (default visibility), or {@code private}
  * depending on the needs or coding practices of the project.
  *
+ * <p>{@code @TestBean} fields will be inherited from an enclosing test class by default. See
+ * {@link org.springframework.test.context.NestedTestConfiguration @NestedTestConfiguration}
+ * for details.
+ *
  * @author Simon Baslé
  * @author Stephane Nicoll
  * @author Sam Brannen
@@ -146,15 +150,17 @@ public @interface TestBean {
 	/**
 	 * Name of the static factory method that will be used to instantiate the bean
 	 * to override.
-	 * <p>A search will be performed to find the factory method in the test class,
-	 * in one of its superclasses, or in any implemented interfaces. In the case
-	 * of a nested test class, the enclosing class hierarchy will also be searched.
+	 * <p>A search will be performed to find the factory method in the class in
+	 * which the {@code @TestBean} field is declared, in one of its superclasses,
+	 * or in any implemented interfaces. If the {@code @TestBean} field is declared
+	 * in a nested test class, the enclosing class hierarchy will also be searched.
 	 * <p>Alternatively, a factory method in an external class can be referenced
 	 * via its fully-qualified method name following the syntax
 	 * {@code <fully-qualified class name>#<method name>} &mdash; for example,
 	 * {@code @TestBean(methodName = "org.example.TestUtils#createCustomerRepository")}.
 	 * <p>If left unspecified, the name of the factory method will be detected
-	 * based either on the name of the annotated field or the name of the bean.
+	 * based either on the name of the {@code @TestBean} field or the {@link #name() name}
+	 * of the bean.
 	 */
 	String methodName() default "";
 

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/convention/TestBeanOverrideProcessor.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class TestBeanOverrideProcessor implements BeanOverrideProcessor {
 		Method factoryMethod;
 		if (!methodName.isBlank()) {
 			// If the user specified an explicit method name, search for that.
-			factoryMethod = findTestBeanFactoryMethod(testClass, field.getType(), methodName);
+			factoryMethod = findTestBeanFactoryMethod(field.getDeclaringClass(), field.getType(), methodName);
 		}
 		else {
 			// Otherwise, search for candidate factory methods whose names match either
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class TestBeanOverrideProcessor implements BeanOverrideProcessor {
 			if (beanName != null) {
 				candidateMethodNames.add(beanName);
 			}
-			factoryMethod = findTestBeanFactoryMethod(testClass, field.getType(), candidateMethodNames);
+			factoryMethod = findTestBeanFactoryMethod(field.getDeclaringClass(), field.getType(), candidateMethodNames);
 		}
 
 		return new TestBeanOverrideHandler(

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/AbstractMockitoBeanOverrideHandler.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ abstract class AbstractMockitoBeanOverrideHandler extends BeanOverrideHandler {
 	private final MockReset reset;
 
 
-	protected AbstractMockitoBeanOverrideHandler(Field field, ResolvableType beanType,
+	protected AbstractMockitoBeanOverrideHandler(@Nullable Field field, ResolvableType beanType,
 			@Nullable String beanName, BeanOverrideStrategy strategy, @Nullable MockReset reset) {
 
 		super(field, beanType, beanName, strategy);
@@ -56,20 +56,20 @@ abstract class AbstractMockitoBeanOverrideHandler extends BeanOverrideHandler {
 
 	@Override
 	protected void trackOverrideInstance(Object mock, SingletonBeanRegistry trackingBeanRegistry) {
-		getMockitoBeans(trackingBeanRegistry).add(mock);
+		getMockBeans(trackingBeanRegistry).add(mock);
 	}
 
-	private static MockitoBeans getMockitoBeans(SingletonBeanRegistry trackingBeanRegistry) {
-		String beanName = MockitoBeans.class.getName();
-		MockitoBeans mockitoBeans = null;
+	private static MockBeans getMockBeans(SingletonBeanRegistry trackingBeanRegistry) {
+		String beanName = MockBeans.class.getName();
+		MockBeans mockBeans = null;
 		if (trackingBeanRegistry.containsSingleton(beanName)) {
-			mockitoBeans = (MockitoBeans) trackingBeanRegistry.getSingleton(beanName);
+			mockBeans = (MockBeans) trackingBeanRegistry.getSingleton(beanName);
 		}
-		if (mockitoBeans == null) {
-			mockitoBeans = new MockitoBeans();
-			trackingBeanRegistry.registerSingleton(beanName, mockitoBeans);
+		if (mockBeans == null) {
+			mockBeans = new MockBeans();
+			trackingBeanRegistry.registerSingleton(beanName, mockBeans);
 		}
-		return mockitoBeans;
+		return mockBeans;
 	}
 
 	@Override

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/MockBeans.java

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+
+/**
+ * Beans created using Mockito.
+ *
+ * @author Andy Wilkinson
+ * @author Sam Brannen
+ * @since 6.2
+ */
+class MockBeans {
+
+	private final List<Object> beans = new ArrayList<>();
+
+
+	void add(Object bean) {
+		this.beans.add(bean);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Reset all Mockito beans configured with the supplied {@link MockReset} strategy.
+	 * <p>No mocks will be reset if the supplied strategy is {@link MockReset#NONE}.
+	 */
+	void resetAll(MockReset reset) {
+		if (reset != MockReset.NONE) {
+			for (Object bean : this.beans) {
+				if (reset == MockReset.get(bean)) {
+					Mockito.reset(bean);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+}

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/MockitoBean.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
 import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
+import java.lang.annotation.Repeatable;
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@@ -29,17 +30,37 @@ import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor;
 import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverride;
 
 /**
- * {@code @MockitoBean} is an annotation that can be applied to a non-static field
- * in a test class to override a bean in the test's
+ * {@code @MockitoBean} is an annotation that can be used in test classes to
+ * override beans in a test's
  * {@link org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext ApplicationContext}
- * using a Mockito mock.
+ * using Mockito mocks.
  *
- * <p>By default, the bean to mock is inferred from the type of the annotated
- * field. If multiple candidates exist, a {@code @Qualifier} annotation can be
- * used to help disambiguate. In the absence of a {@code @Qualifier} annotation,
- * the name of the annotated field will be used as a fallback qualifier.
- * Alternatively, you can explicitly specify a bean name to mock by setting the
- * {@link #value() value} or {@link #name() name} attribute.
+ * <p>{@code @MockitoBean} can be applied in the following ways.
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>On a non-static field in a test class or any of its superclasses.</li>
+ * <li>On a non-static field in an enclosing class for a {@code @Nested} test class
+ * or in any class in the type hierarchy or enclosing class hierarchy above the
+ * {@code @Nested} test class.</li>
+ * <li>At the type level on a test class or any superclass or implemented interface
+ * in the type hierarchy above the test class.</li>
+ * <li>At the type level on an enclosing class for a {@code @Nested} test class
+ * or on any class or interface in the type hierarchy or enclosing class hierarchy
+ * above the {@code @Nested} test class.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>When {@code @MockitoBean} is declared on a field, the bean to mock is inferred
+ * from the type of the annotated field. If multiple candidates exist, a
+ * {@code @Qualifier} annotation can be declared on the field to help disambiguate.
+ * In the absence of a {@code @Qualifier} annotation, the name of the annotated
+ * field will be used as a fallback qualifier. Alternatively, you can explicitly
+ * specify a bean name to mock by setting the {@link #value() value} or
+ * {@link #name() name} attribute.
+ *
+ * <p>When {@code @MockitoBean} is declared at the type level, the type of bean
+ * to mock must be supplied via the {@link #types() types} attribute. If multiple
+ * candidates exist, you can explicitly specify a bean name to mock by setting the
+ * {@link #name() name} attribute. Note, however, that the {@code types} attribute
+ * must contain a single type if an explicit bean {@code name} is configured.
  *
  * <p>A bean will be created if a corresponding bean does not exist. However, if
  * you would like for the test to fail when a corresponding bean does not exist,
@@ -63,15 +84,29 @@ import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverride;
  * (default visibility), or {@code private} depending on the needs or coding
  * practices of the project.
  *
+ * <p>{@code @MockitoBean} fields and type-level {@code @MockitoBean} declarations
+ * will be inherited from an enclosing test class by default. See
+ * {@link org.springframework.test.context.NestedTestConfiguration @NestedTestConfiguration}
+ * for details.
+ *
+ * <p>{@code @MockitoBean} may be used as a <em>meta-annotation</em> to create custom
+ * <em>composed annotations</em> &mdash; for example, to define common mock
+ * configuration in a single annotation that can be reused across a test suite.
+ * {@code @MockitoBean} can also be used as a <em>{@linkplain Repeatable repeatable}</em>
+ * annotation at the type level &mdash; for example, to mock several beans by
+ * {@link #name() name}.
+ *
  * @author Simon Baslé
  * @author Sam Brannen
  * @since 6.2
+ * @see org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.MockitoBeans @MockitoBeans
  * @see org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.MockitoSpyBean @MockitoSpyBean
  * @see org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.convention.TestBean @TestBean
  */
-@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
+@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.TYPE})
 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 @Documented
+@Repeatable(MockitoBeans.class)
 @BeanOverride(MockitoBeanOverrideProcessor.class)
 public @interface MockitoBean {
 
@@ -87,13 +122,27 @@ public @interface MockitoBean {
 	/**
 	 * Name of the bean to mock.
 	 * <p>If left unspecified, the bean to mock is selected according to the
-	 * annotated field's type, taking qualifiers into account if necessary. See
-	 * the {@linkplain MockitoBean class-level documentation} for details.
+	 * configured {@link #types() types} or the annotated field's type, taking
+	 * qualifiers into account if necessary. See the {@linkplain MockitoBean
+	 * class-level documentation} for details.
 	 * @see #value()
 	 */
 	@AliasFor("value")
 	String name() default "";
 
+	/**
+	 * One or more types to mock.
+	 * <p>Defaults to none.
+	 * <p>Each type specified will result in a mock being created and registered
+	 * with the {@code ApplicationContext}.
+	 * <p>Types must be omitted when the annotation is used on a field.
+	 * <p>When {@code @MockitoBean} also defines a {@link #name}, this attribute
+	 * can only contain a single value.
+	 * @return the types to mock
+	 * @since 6.2.2
+	 */
+	Class<?>[] types() default {};
+
 	/**
 	 * Extra interfaces that should also be declared by the mock.
 	 * <p>Defaults to none.

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/MockitoBeanOverrideHandler.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -57,20 +57,24 @@ class MockitoBeanOverrideHandler extends AbstractMockitoBeanOverrideHandler {
 	private final boolean serializable;
 
 
-	MockitoBeanOverrideHandler(Field field, ResolvableType typeToMock, MockitoBean mockitoBean) {
+	MockitoBeanOverrideHandler(ResolvableType typeToMock, MockitoBean mockitoBean) {
+		this(null, typeToMock, mockitoBean);
+	}
+
+	MockitoBeanOverrideHandler(@Nullable Field field, ResolvableType typeToMock, MockitoBean mockitoBean) {
 		this(field, typeToMock, (!mockitoBean.name().isBlank() ? mockitoBean.name() : null),
 			(mockitoBean.enforceOverride() ? REPLACE : REPLACE_OR_CREATE),
 			mockitoBean.reset(), mockitoBean.extraInterfaces(), mockitoBean.answers(), mockitoBean.serializable());
 	}
 
-	private MockitoBeanOverrideHandler(Field field, ResolvableType typeToMock, @Nullable String beanName,
-			BeanOverrideStrategy strategy, MockReset reset, Class<?>[] extraInterfaces, @Nullable Answers answers,
+	private MockitoBeanOverrideHandler(@Nullable Field field, ResolvableType typeToMock, @Nullable String beanName,
+			BeanOverrideStrategy strategy, MockReset reset, Class<?>[] extraInterfaces, Answers answers,
 			boolean serializable) {
 
 		super(field, typeToMock, beanName, strategy, reset);
 		Assert.notNull(typeToMock, "'typeToMock' must not be null");
 		this.extraInterfaces = asClassSet(extraInterfaces);
-		this.answers = (answers != null ? answers : Answers.RETURNS_DEFAULTS);
+		this.answers = answers;
 		this.serializable = serializable;
 	}
 

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/MockitoBeanOverrideProcessor.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,15 +18,20 @@ package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
 
 import org.springframework.core.ResolvableType;
+import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverrideHandler;
 import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverrideProcessor;
+import org.springframework.util.Assert;
 
 /**
  * {@link BeanOverrideProcessor} implementation that provides support for
  * {@link MockitoBean @MockitoBean} and {@link MockitoSpyBean @MockitoSpyBean}.
  *
  * @author Simon Baslé
+ * @author Sam Brannen
  * @since 6.2
  * @see MockitoBean @MockitoBean
  * @see MockitoSpyBean @MockitoSpyBean
@@ -35,8 +40,10 @@ class MockitoBeanOverrideProcessor implements BeanOverrideProcessor {
 
 	@Override
 	public AbstractMockitoBeanOverrideHandler createHandler(Annotation overrideAnnotation, Class<?> testClass, Field field) {
-		if (overrideAnnotation instanceof MockitoBean mockBean) {
-			return new MockitoBeanOverrideHandler(field, ResolvableType.forField(field, testClass), mockBean);
+		if (overrideAnnotation instanceof MockitoBean mockitoBean) {
+			Assert.state(mockitoBean.types().length == 0,
+					"The @MockitoBean 'types' attribute must be omitted when declared on a field");
+			return new MockitoBeanOverrideHandler(field, ResolvableType.forField(field, testClass), mockitoBean);
 		}
 		else if (overrideAnnotation instanceof MockitoSpyBean spyBean) {
 			return new MockitoSpyBeanOverrideHandler(field, ResolvableType.forField(field, testClass), spyBean);
@@ -47,4 +54,23 @@ class MockitoBeanOverrideProcessor implements BeanOverrideProcessor {
 					.formatted(field.getDeclaringClass().getName(), field.getName()));
 	}
 
+	@Override
+	public List<BeanOverrideHandler> createHandlers(Annotation overrideAnnotation, Class<?> testClass) {
+		if (!(overrideAnnotation instanceof MockitoBean mockitoBean)) {
+			throw new IllegalStateException("""
+					Invalid annotation passed to MockitoBeanOverrideProcessor: \
+					expected @MockitoBean on test class """ + testClass.getName());
+		}
+		Class<?>[] types = mockitoBean.types();
+		Assert.state(types.length > 0,
+				"The @MockitoBean 'types' attribute must not be empty when declared on a class");
+		Assert.state(mockitoBean.name().isEmpty() || types.length == 1,
+				"The @MockitoBean 'name' attribute cannot be used when mocking multiple types");
+		List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = new ArrayList<>();
+		for (Class<?> type : types) {
+			handlers.add(new MockitoBeanOverrideHandler(ResolvableType.forClass(type), mockitoBean));
+		}
+		return handlers;
+	}
+
 }

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/MockitoBeans.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,39 +16,26 @@
 
 package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito;
 
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-
-import org.mockito.Mockito;
+import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
+import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
 
 /**
- * Beans created using Mockito.
+ * Container for {@link MockitoBean @MockitoBean} annotations which allows
+ * {@code @MockitoBean} to be used as a {@linkplain java.lang.annotation.Repeatable
+ * repeatable annotation} at the type level — for example, on test classes
+ * or interfaces implemented by test classes.
  *
- * @author Andy Wilkinson
  * @author Sam Brannen
- * @since 6.2
+ * @since 6.2.2
  */
-class MockitoBeans {
+@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
+@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+@Documented
+public @interface MockitoBeans {
 
-	private final List<Object> beans = new ArrayList<>();
-
-
-	void add(Object bean) {
-		this.beans.add(bean);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Reset all Mockito beans configured with the supplied {@link MockReset} strategy.
-	 * <p>No mocks will be reset if the supplied strategy is {@link MockReset#NONE}.
-	 */
-	void resetAll(MockReset reset) {
-		if (reset != MockReset.NONE) {
-			for (Object bean : this.beans) {
-				if (reset == MockReset.get(bean)) {
-					Mockito.reset(bean);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
+	MockitoBean[] value();
 
 }

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/MockitoResetTestExecutionListener.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ public class MockitoResetTestExecutionListener extends AbstractTestExecutionList
 			}
 		}
 		try {
-			beanFactory.getBean(MockitoBeans.class).resetAll(reset);
+			beanFactory.getBean(MockBeans.class).resetAll(reset);
 		}
 		catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
 			// Continue

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/MockitoSpyBean.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -56,6 +56,10 @@ import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverride;
  * (default visibility), or {@code private} depending on the needs or coding
  * practices of the project.
  *
+ * <p>{@code @MockitoSpyBean} fields will be inherited from an enclosing test class by default.
+ * See {@link org.springframework.test.context.NestedTestConfiguration @NestedTestConfiguration}
+ * for details.
+ *
  * @author Simon Baslé
  * @author Sam Brannen
  * @since 6.2

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/MockitoSpyBeanOverrideHandler.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -48,15 +48,9 @@ class MockitoSpyBeanOverrideHandler extends AbstractMockitoBeanOverrideHandler {
 			new SpringAopBypassingVerificationStartedListener();
 
 
-	MockitoSpyBeanOverrideHandler(Field field, ResolvableType typeToSpy, MockitoSpyBean spyAnnotation) {
-		this(field, typeToSpy, (StringUtils.hasText(spyAnnotation.name()) ? spyAnnotation.name() : null),
-				spyAnnotation.reset());
-	}
-
-	MockitoSpyBeanOverrideHandler(Field field, ResolvableType typeToSpy, @Nullable String beanName,
-			MockReset reset) {
-
-		super(field, typeToSpy, beanName, BeanOverrideStrategy.WRAP, reset);
+	MockitoSpyBeanOverrideHandler(Field field, ResolvableType typeToSpy, MockitoSpyBean spyBean) {
+		super(field, typeToSpy, (StringUtils.hasText(spyBean.name()) ? spyBean.name() : null),
+				BeanOverrideStrategy.WRAP, spyBean.reset());
 		Assert.notNull(typeToSpy, "typeToSpy must not be null");
 	}
 

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/http/HttpHeadersAssert.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -78,8 +78,21 @@ public class HttpHeadersAssert extends AbstractMapAssert<HttpHeadersAssert, Http
 	 * Verify that the actual HTTP headers do not contain any of the headers
 	 * with the given {@code names}.
 	 * @param names the names of HTTP headers that should not be present
+	 * @since 6.2.2
 	 * @see #doesNotContainKeys
 	 */
+	public HttpHeadersAssert doesNotContainHeaders(String... names) {
+		return doesNotContainKeys(names);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Verify that the actual HTTP headers do not contain any of the headers
+	 * with the given {@code names}.
+	 * @param names the names of HTTP headers that should not be present
+	 * @see #doesNotContainKeys
+	 * @deprecated in favor of {@link #doesNotContainHeaders(String...)}
+	 */
+	@Deprecated(since = "6.2.2", forRemoval = true)
 	public HttpHeadersAssert doesNotContainsHeaders(String... names) {
 		return doesNotContainKeys(names);
 	}

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessorTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ class BeanOverrideBeanFactoryPostProcessorTests {
 
 	private static AnnotationConfigApplicationContext createContext(Class<?> testClass) {
 		AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
-		Set<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = new LinkedHashSet<>(BeanOverrideHandler.forTestClass(testClass));
+		Set<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = new LinkedHashSet<>(BeanOverrideTestUtils.findHandlers(testClass));
 		new BeanOverrideContextCustomizer(handlers).customizeContext(context, mock(MergedContextConfiguration.class));
 		return context;
 	}

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverrideHandlerTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -51,14 +51,14 @@ class BeanOverrideHandlerTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void forTestClassWithSingleField() {
-		List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = BeanOverrideHandler.forTestClass(SingleAnnotation.class);
+		List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = BeanOverrideTestUtils.findHandlers(SingleAnnotation.class);
 		assertThat(handlers).singleElement().satisfies(hasBeanOverrideHandler(
 				field(SingleAnnotation.class, "message"), String.class, null));
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void forTestClassWithMultipleFields() {
-		List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = BeanOverrideHandler.forTestClass(MultipleAnnotations.class);
+		List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = BeanOverrideTestUtils.findHandlers(MultipleAnnotations.class);
 		assertThat(handlers).hasSize(2)
 				.anySatisfy(hasBeanOverrideHandler(
 						field(MultipleAnnotations.class, "message"), String.class, null))
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class BeanOverrideHandlerTests {
 
 	@Test
 	void forTestClassWithMultipleFieldsWithIdenticalMetadata() {
-		List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = BeanOverrideHandler.forTestClass(MultipleAnnotationsDuplicate.class);
+		List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = BeanOverrideTestUtils.findHandlers(MultipleAnnotationsDuplicate.class);
 		assertThat(handlers).hasSize(2)
 				.anySatisfy(hasBeanOverrideHandler(
 						field(MultipleAnnotationsDuplicate.class, "message1"), String.class, "messageBean"))
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class BeanOverrideHandlerTests {
 	void forTestClassWithCompetingBeanOverrideAnnotationsOnSameField() {
 		Field faultyField = field(MultipleAnnotationsOnSameField.class, "message");
 		assertThatIllegalStateException()
-				.isThrownBy(() -> BeanOverrideHandler.forTestClass(MultipleAnnotationsOnSameField.class))
+				.isThrownBy(() -> BeanOverrideTestUtils.findHandlers(MultipleAnnotationsOnSameField.class))
 				.withMessageStartingWith("Multiple @BeanOverride annotations found")
 				.withMessageContaining(faultyField.toString());
 	}
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class BeanOverrideHandlerTests {
 	void forTestClassWithStaticBeanOverrideField() {
 		Field staticField = field(StaticBeanOverrideField.class, "message");
 		assertThatIllegalStateException()
-				.isThrownBy(() -> BeanOverrideHandler.forTestClass(StaticBeanOverrideField.class))
+				.isThrownBy(() -> BeanOverrideTestUtils.findHandlers(StaticBeanOverrideField.class))
 				.withMessage("@BeanOverride field must not be static: " + staticField);
 	}
 

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/BeanOverrideTestUtils.java

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Test utilities for Bean Overrides.
+ *
+ * @author Sam Brannen
+ * @since 6.2.2
+ */
+public abstract class BeanOverrideTestUtils {
+
+	public static List<BeanOverrideHandler> findHandlers(Class<?> testClass) {
+		return BeanOverrideHandler.forTestClass(testClass);
+	}
+
+	public static List<BeanOverrideHandler> findAllHandlers(Class<?> testClass) {
+		return BeanOverrideHandler.findAllHandlers(testClass);
+	}
+
+}

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/convention/TestBeanForInheritanceIntegrationTests.java

@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.convention;
-
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-
-import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
-import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
-import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
-import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
-import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.convention.TestBeanForInheritanceIntegrationTests.AbstractTestBeanIntegrationTestCase.FakePojo;
-import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.convention.TestBeanForInheritanceIntegrationTests.AbstractTestBeanIntegrationTestCase.Pojo;
-import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringJUnitConfig;
-
-import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
-
-/**
- * Integration tests for {@link TestBean} that use inheritance.
- *
- * <p>Tests inheritance within a class hierarchy as well as "inheritance" within
- * an enclosing class hierarchy.
- *
- * @author Simon Baslé
- * @author Sam Brannen
- * @since 6.2
- */
-public class TestBeanForInheritanceIntegrationTests {
-
-	static Pojo enclosingClassBeanOverride() {
-		return new FakePojo("in enclosing test class");
-	}
-
-	@SpringJUnitConfig
-	public abstract static class AbstractTestBeanIntegrationTestCase {
-
-		@TestBean(name = "someBean")
-		Pojo someBean;
-
-		@TestBean(name = "otherBean")
-		Pojo otherBean;
-
-		@TestBean(name = "thirdBean")
-		Pojo anotherBean;
-
-		static Pojo otherBean() {
-			return new FakePojo("otherBean in superclass");
-		}
-
-		static Pojo thirdBean() {
-			return new FakePojo("third in superclass");
-		}
-
-		static Pojo commonBeanOverride() {
-			return new FakePojo("in superclass");
-		}
-
-		public interface Pojo {
-
-			default String getValue() {
-				return "Prod";
-			}
-		}
-
-		static class ProdPojo implements Pojo { }
-
-		static class FakePojo implements Pojo {
-			final String value;
-
-			protected FakePojo(String value) {
-				this.value = value;
-			}
-
-			@Override
-			public String getValue() {
-				return this.value;
-			}
-
-			@Override
-			public String toString() {
-				return getValue();
-			}
-		}
-
-		@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
-		static class Config {
-
-			@Bean
-			Pojo someBean() {
-				return new ProdPojo();
-			}
-			@Bean
-			Pojo otherBean() {
-				return new ProdPojo();
-			}
-			@Bean
-			Pojo thirdBean() {
-				return new ProdPojo();
-			}
-			@Bean
-			Pojo pojo() {
-				return new ProdPojo();
-			}
-			@Bean
-			Pojo pojo2() {
-				return new ProdPojo();
-			}
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	@Nested
-	@DisplayName("Nested, concrete inherited tests with correct @TestBean setup")
-	class NestedConcreteTestBeanIntegrationTests extends AbstractTestBeanIntegrationTestCase {
-
-		@Autowired
-		ApplicationContext ctx;
-
-		@TestBean(name = "pojo", methodName = "commonBeanOverride")
-		Pojo pojo;
-
-		@TestBean(name = "pojo2", methodName = "enclosingClassBeanOverride")
-		Pojo pojo2;
-
-		static Pojo someBean() {
-			return new FakePojo("someBeanOverride");
-		}
-
-		// Hides otherBean() defined in AbstractTestBeanIntegrationTestCase.
-		static Pojo otherBean() {
-			return new FakePojo("otherBean in subclass");
-		}
-
-		@Test
-		void fieldInSubtypeWithFactoryMethodInSupertype() {
-			assertThat(ctx.getBean("pojo")).as("applicationContext").hasToString("in superclass");
-			assertThat(this.pojo.getValue()).as("injection point").isEqualTo("in superclass");
-		}
-
-		@Test
-		void fieldInSupertypeWithFactoryMethodInSubtype() {
-			assertThat(ctx.getBean("someBean")).as("applicationContext").hasToString("someBeanOverride");
-			assertThat(this.someBean.getValue()).as("injection point").isEqualTo("someBeanOverride");
-		}
-
-		@Test
-		void fieldInSupertypeWithPrioritizedFactoryMethodInSubtype() {
-			assertThat(ctx.getBean("otherBean")).as("applicationContext").hasToString("otherBean in subclass");
-			assertThat(super.otherBean.getValue()).as("injection point").isEqualTo("otherBean in subclass");
-		}
-		@Test
-		void fieldInNestedClassWithFactoryMethodInEnclosingClass() {
-			assertThat(ctx.getBean("pojo2")).as("applicationContext").hasToString("in enclosing test class");
-			assertThat(this.pojo2.getValue()).as("injection point").isEqualTo("in enclosing test class");
-		}
-	}
-
-}

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/convention/TestBeanInheritanceIntegrationTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.convention;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringJUnitConfig;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+/**
+ * Integration tests for {@link TestBean} that use inheritance.
+ *
+ * <p>Tests inheritance within a class hierarchy as well as "inheritance" within
+ * an enclosing class hierarchy.
+ *
+ * @author Simon Baslé
+ * @author Sam Brannen
+ * @since 6.2
+ */
+@SpringJUnitConfig
+public class TestBeanInheritanceIntegrationTests {
+
+	@TestBean
+	Pojo puzzleBean;
+
+	static Pojo puzzleBean() {
+		return new FakePojo("puzzle in enclosing class");
+	}
+
+	static Pojo enclosingClassFactoryMethod() {
+		return new FakePojo("in enclosing test class");
+	}
+
+	abstract static class AbstractTestCase {
+
+		@TestBean("otherBean")
+		Pojo otherBean;
+
+		@TestBean
+		Pojo anotherBean;
+
+		@TestBean
+		Pojo enigmaBean;
+
+		static Pojo otherBean() {
+			return new FakePojo("other in superclass");
+		}
+
+		static Pojo anotherBean() {
+			return new FakePojo("another in superclass");
+		}
+
+		static Pojo enigmaBean() {
+			return new FakePojo("enigma in superclass");
+		}
+
+		static Pojo commonBean() {
+			return new FakePojo("common in superclass");
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Nested
+	@DisplayName("Nested, concrete inherited tests with correct @TestBean setup")
+	class NestedTests extends AbstractTestCase {
+
+		@Autowired
+		ApplicationContext ctx;
+
+		@TestBean(methodName = "commonBean")
+		Pojo pojo;
+
+		@TestBean(name = "pojo2", methodName = "enclosingClassFactoryMethod")
+		Pojo pojo2;
+
+		@TestBean
+		Pojo enigmaBean;
+
+		@TestBean
+		Pojo puzzleBean;
+
+
+		// "Overrides" puzzleBean() defined in TestBeanInheritanceIntegrationTests.
+		static Pojo puzzleBean() {
+			return new FakePojo("puzzle in nested class");
+		}
+
+		// "Overrides" enigmaBean() defined in AbstractTestCase.
+		static Pojo enigmaBean() {
+			return new FakePojo("enigma in subclass");
+		}
+
+		static Pojo otherBean() {
+			return new FakePojo("other in subclass");
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void fieldInSuperclassWithFactoryMethodInSuperclass() {
+			assertThat(ctx.getBean("anotherBean")).as("applicationContext").hasToString("another in superclass");
+			assertThat(super.anotherBean.value()).as("injection point").isEqualTo("another in superclass");
+		}
+
+		@Test  // gh-34204
+		void fieldInSuperclassWithFactoryMethodInSuperclassAndInSubclass() {
+			// We do not expect "other in subclass", because the @TestBean declaration in
+			// AbstractTestCase cannot "see" the otherBean() factory method in the subclass.
+			assertThat(ctx.getBean("otherBean")).as("applicationContext").hasToString("other in superclass");
+			assertThat(super.otherBean.value()).as("injection point").isEqualTo("other in superclass");
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void fieldInSubclassWithFactoryMethodInSuperclass() {
+			assertThat(ctx.getBean("pojo")).as("applicationContext").hasToString("common in superclass");
+			assertThat(this.pojo.value()).as("injection point").isEqualTo("common in superclass");
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void fieldInNestedClassWithFactoryMethodInEnclosingClass() {
+			assertThat(ctx.getBean("pojo2")).as("applicationContext").hasToString("in enclosing test class");
+			assertThat(this.pojo2.value()).as("injection point").isEqualTo("in enclosing test class");
+		}
+
+		@Test  // gh-34194, gh-34204
+		void testBeanInSubclassOverridesTestBeanInSuperclass() {
+			assertThat(ctx.getBean("enigmaBean")).as("applicationContext").hasToString("enigma in subclass");
+			assertThat(this.enigmaBean.value()).as("injection point").isEqualTo("enigma in subclass");
+		}
+
+		@Test  // gh-34194, gh-34204
+		void testBeanInNestedClassOverridesTestBeanInEnclosingClass() {
+			assertThat(ctx.getBean("puzzleBean")).as("applicationContext").hasToString("puzzle in nested class");
+			assertThat(this.puzzleBean.value()).as("injection point").isEqualTo("puzzle in nested class");
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
+	static class Config {
+
+		@Bean
+		Pojo otherBean() {
+			return new ProdPojo();
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		Pojo anotherBean() {
+			return new ProdPojo();
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		Pojo enigmaBean() {
+			return new ProdPojo();
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		Pojo puzzleBean() {
+			return new ProdPojo();
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		Pojo pojo() {
+			return new ProdPojo();
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		Pojo pojo2() {
+			return new ProdPojo();
+		}
+	}
+
+	interface Pojo {
+
+		default String value() {
+			return "prod";
+		}
+	}
+
+	static class ProdPojo implements Pojo {
+
+		@Override
+		public String toString() {
+			return value();
+		}
+	}
+
+	record FakePojo(String value) implements Pojo {
+
+		@Override
+		public String toString() {
+			return value();
+		}
+	}
+
+}

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/convention/TestBeanOverrideHandlerTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
 import org.springframework.core.ResolvableType;
 import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverrideHandler;
 import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverrideStrategy;
+import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverrideTestUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
 
@@ -42,21 +43,21 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatIllegalStateException;
 class TestBeanOverrideHandlerTests {
 
 	@Test
-	void setsBeanNameToNullIfAnnotationNameIsNull() {
-		List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = BeanOverrideHandler.forTestClass(SampleOneOverride.class);
+	void beanNameIsSetToNullIfAnnotationNameIsEmpty() {
+		List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = BeanOverrideTestUtils.findHandlers(SampleOneOverride.class);
 		assertThat(handlers).singleElement().extracting(BeanOverrideHandler::getBeanName).isNull();
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void setsBeanNameToAnnotationName() {
-		List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = BeanOverrideHandler.forTestClass(SampleOneOverrideWithName.class);
+	void beanNameIsSetToAnnotationName() {
+		List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = BeanOverrideTestUtils.findHandlers(SampleOneOverrideWithName.class);
 		assertThat(handlers).singleElement().extracting(BeanOverrideHandler::getBeanName).isEqualTo("anotherBean");
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void failsWithMissingMethod() {
 		assertThatIllegalStateException()
-				.isThrownBy(() -> BeanOverrideHandler.forTestClass(SampleMissingMethod.class))
+				.isThrownBy(() -> BeanOverrideTestUtils.findHandlers(SampleMissingMethod.class))
 				.withMessage("No static method found named message() in %s with return type %s",
 						SampleMissingMethod.class.getName(), String.class.getName());
 	}

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/convention/TestBeanTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -26,9 +26,10 @@ import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverrideContextCustomi
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatIllegalStateException;
 
 /**
- * Tests for {@link TestBean}.
+ * Tests for {@link TestBean @TestBean}.
  *
  * @author Stephane Nicoll
+ * @author Sam Brannen
  */
 public class TestBeanTests {
 
@@ -64,8 +65,8 @@ public class TestBeanTests {
 				.isThrownBy(context::refresh)
 				.withMessage("""
 						Unable to override bean: there are no beans of \
-						type %s (as required by field '%s.example').""".formatted(
-						String.class.getName(), FailureByTypeLookup.class.getSimpleName()));
+						type %s (as required by field '%s.example').""",
+						String.class.getName(), FailureByTypeLookup.class.getSimpleName());
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -87,8 +88,8 @@ public class TestBeanTests {
 		assertThatIllegalStateException()
 				.isThrownBy(() -> BeanOverrideContextCustomizerTestUtils.customizeApplicationContext(
 						FailureMissingDefaultOverrideMethod.class, context))
-				.withMessage("No static method found named example() or beanToOverride() in %s with return type %s"
-						.formatted(FailureMissingDefaultOverrideMethod.class.getName(), String.class.getName()));
+				.withMessage("No static method found named example() or beanToOverride() in %s with return type %s",
+						FailureMissingDefaultOverrideMethod.class.getName(), String.class.getName());
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -97,8 +98,8 @@ public class TestBeanTests {
 		assertThatIllegalStateException()
 				.isThrownBy(() -> BeanOverrideContextCustomizerTestUtils.customizeApplicationContext(
 						FailureMissingExplicitOverrideMethod.class, context))
-				.withMessage("No static method found named createExample() in %s with return type %s"
-						.formatted(FailureMissingExplicitOverrideMethod.class.getName(), String.class.getName()));
+				.withMessage("No static method found named createExample() in %s with return type %s",
+						FailureMissingExplicitOverrideMethod.class.getName(), String.class.getName());
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -108,19 +109,19 @@ public class TestBeanTests {
 		assertThatIllegalStateException()
 				.isThrownBy(() -> BeanOverrideContextCustomizerTestUtils.customizeApplicationContext(
 						FailureOverrideInParentWithoutFactoryMethod.class, context))
-				.withMessage("No static method found named beanToOverride() in %s with return type %s"
-						.formatted(FailureOverrideInParentWithoutFactoryMethod.class.getName(), String.class.getName()));
+				.withMessage("No static method found named beanToOverride() in %s with return type %s",
+						AbstractByNameLookup.class.getName(), String.class.getName());
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void contextCustomizerCannotBeCreatedWitCompetingOverrideMethods() {
+	void contextCustomizerCannotBeCreatedWithCompetingOverrideMethods() {
 		GenericApplicationContext context = new GenericApplicationContext();
 		context.registerBean("bean", String.class, () -> "example");
 		assertThatIllegalStateException()
 				.isThrownBy(() -> BeanOverrideContextCustomizerTestUtils.customizeApplicationContext(
 						FailureCompetingOverrideMethods.class, context))
-				.withMessage("Found 2 competing static methods named example() or beanToOverride() in %s with return type %s"
-						.formatted(FailureCompetingOverrideMethods.class.getName(), String.class.getName()));
+				.withMessage("Found 2 competing static methods named example() or beanToOverride() in %s with return type %s",
+						FailureCompetingOverrideMethods.class.getName(), String.class.getName());
 	}
 
 
@@ -149,9 +150,7 @@ public class TestBeanTests {
 		@TestBean(name = "beanToOverride")
 		private String example;
 
-		// Expected static String example() { ... }
-		// or static String beanToOverride() { ... }
-
+		// No example() or beanToOverride() method
 	}
 
 	static class FailureMissingExplicitOverrideMethod {
@@ -159,28 +158,22 @@ public class TestBeanTests {
 		@TestBean(methodName = "createExample")
 		private String example;
 
-		// Expected static String createExample() { ... }
-
+		// NO createExample() method
 	}
 
 	abstract static class AbstractByNameLookup {
 
-		@TestBean(methodName = "beanToOverride")
-		protected String beanToOverride;
+		@TestBean
+		String beanToOverride;
 
+		// No beanToOverride() method
 	}
 
 	static class FailureOverrideInParentWithoutFactoryMethod extends AbstractByNameLookup {
-
-		// No beanToOverride() method
-
 	}
 
 	abstract static class AbstractCompetingMethods {
 
-		@TestBean(name = "beanToOverride")
-		protected String example;
-
 		static String example() {
 			throw new IllegalStateException("Should not be called");
 		}
@@ -188,10 +181,12 @@ public class TestBeanTests {
 
 	static class FailureCompetingOverrideMethods extends AbstractCompetingMethods {
 
+		@TestBean(name = "beanToOverride")
+		String example;
+
 		static String beanToOverride() {
 			throw new IllegalStateException("Should not be called");
 		}
-
 	}
 
 }

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/MockitoBeanOverrideHandlerTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import org.mockito.Answers;
 import org.springframework.core.ResolvableType;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotatedElementUtils;
 import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverrideHandler;
+import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverrideTestUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@@ -34,104 +35,179 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
  * Tests for {@link MockitoBeanOverrideHandler}.
  *
  * @author Stephane Nicoll
+ * @author Sam Brannen
+ * @since 6.2
  */
 class MockitoBeanOverrideHandlerTests {
 
 	@Test
-	void forTestClassSetsNameToNullIfAnnotationNameIsNull() {
-		List<BeanOverrideHandler> list = BeanOverrideHandler.forTestClass(SampleOneMock.class);
+	void beanNameIsSetToNullIfAnnotationNameIsEmpty() {
+		List<BeanOverrideHandler> list = BeanOverrideTestUtils.findHandlers(SampleOneMock.class);
 		assertThat(list).singleElement().satisfies(handler -> assertThat(handler.getBeanName()).isNull());
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void forTestClassSetsNameToAnnotationName() {
-		List<BeanOverrideHandler> list = BeanOverrideHandler.forTestClass(SampleOneMockWithName.class);
+	void beanNameIsSetToAnnotationName() {
+		List<BeanOverrideHandler> list = BeanOverrideTestUtils.findHandlers(SampleOneMockWithName.class);
 		assertThat(list).singleElement().satisfies(handler -> assertThat(handler.getBeanName()).isEqualTo("anotherService"));
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void isEqualToWithSameInstance() {
-		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler = createBeanOverrideHandler(sampleField("service"));
+	void isEqualToWithSameInstanceFromField() {
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler = createHandler(sampleField("service"));
 		assertThat(handler).isEqualTo(handler);
 		assertThat(handler).hasSameHashCodeAs(handler);
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void isEqualToWithSameMetadata() {
-		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createBeanOverrideHandler(sampleField("service"));
-		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createBeanOverrideHandler(sampleField("service"));
+	void isEqualToWithSameMetadataFromField() {
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createHandler(sampleField("service"));
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createHandler(sampleField("service"));
 		assertThat(handler1).isEqualTo(handler2);
 		assertThat(handler1).hasSameHashCodeAs(handler2);
 	}
 
+	@Test  // gh-33925
+	void isEqualToWithSameInstanceFromClassLevel() {
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createHandler(ClassLevelStringMockByName1.class);
+		assertThat(handler1).isEqualTo(handler1);
+		assertThat(handler1).hasSameHashCodeAs(handler1);
+
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createHandler(ClassLevelStringMockByType1.class);
+		assertThat(handler2).isEqualTo(handler2);
+		assertThat(handler2).hasSameHashCodeAs(handler2);
+	}
+
+	@Test  // gh-33925
+	void isEqualToWithSameByNameLookupMetadataFromClassLevel() {
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createHandler(ClassLevelStringMockByName1.class);
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createHandler(ClassLevelStringMockByName2.class);
+		assertThat(handler1).isEqualTo(handler2);
+		assertThat(handler2).isEqualTo(handler1);
+		assertThat(handler1).hasSameHashCodeAs(handler2);
+	}
+
+	@Test  // gh-33925
+	void isNotEqualToWithDifferentByNameLookupMetadataFromClassLevel() {
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createHandler(ClassLevelStringMockByName1.class);
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createHandler(ClassLevelStringMockByName3.class);
+		assertThat(handler1).isNotEqualTo(handler2);
+		assertThat(handler2).isNotEqualTo(handler1);
+		assertThat(handler1).doesNotHaveSameHashCodeAs(handler2);
+	}
+
+	@Test  // gh-33925
+	void isEqualToWithSameByTypeLookupMetadataFromClassLevel() {
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createHandler(ClassLevelStringMockByType1.class);
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createHandler(ClassLevelStringMockByType2.class);
+		assertThat(handler1).isEqualTo(handler2);
+		assertThat(handler2).isEqualTo(handler1);
+		assertThat(handler1).hasSameHashCodeAs(handler2);
+	}
+
+	@Test  // gh-33925
+	void isNotEqualToWithDifferentByTypeLookupMetadataFromClassLevel() {
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createHandler(ClassLevelStringMockByType1.class);
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createHandler(ClassLevelStringMockByType3.class);
+		assertThat(handler1).isNotEqualTo(handler2);
+		assertThat(handler2).isNotEqualTo(handler1);
+		assertThat(handler1).doesNotHaveSameHashCodeAs(handler2);
+	}
+
+	@Test  // gh-33925
+	void isEqualToWithSameByNameLookupMetadataFromFieldAndClassLevel() {
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createHandler(sampleField("service3"));
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createHandler(ClassLevelStringMockByName1.class);
+		assertThat(handler1).isEqualTo(handler2);
+		assertThat(handler2).isEqualTo(handler1);
+		assertThat(handler1).hasSameHashCodeAs(handler2);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Since the "field name as fallback qualifier" is not available for an annotated class,
+	 * what would seem to be "equivalent" handlers are actually not considered "equal" when
+	 * the the lookup is "by type".
+	 */
+	@Test  // gh-33925
+	void isNotEqualToWithSameByTypeLookupMetadataFromFieldAndClassLevel() {
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createHandler(sampleField("service"));
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createHandler(ClassLevelStringMockByType1.class);
+		assertThat(handler1).isNotEqualTo(handler2);
+		assertThat(handler2).isNotEqualTo(handler1);
+		assertThat(handler1).doesNotHaveSameHashCodeAs(handler2);
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	void isNotEqualEqualToByTypeLookupWithSameMetadataButDifferentField() {
-		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createBeanOverrideHandler(sampleField("service"));
-		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createBeanOverrideHandler(sampleField("service2"));
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createHandler(sampleField("service"));
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createHandler(sampleField("service2"));
 		assertThat(handler1).isNotEqualTo(handler2);
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void isEqualEqualToByNameLookupWithSameMetadataButDifferentField() {
-		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createBeanOverrideHandler(sampleField("service3"));
-		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createBeanOverrideHandler(sampleField("service4"));
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createHandler(sampleField("service3"));
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createHandler(sampleField("service4"));
 		assertThat(handler1).isEqualTo(handler2);
 		assertThat(handler1).hasSameHashCodeAs(handler2);
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void isNotEqualToWithSameMetadataButDifferentBeanName() {
-		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createBeanOverrideHandler(sampleField("service"));
-		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createBeanOverrideHandler(sampleField("service3"));
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createHandler(sampleField("service"));
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createHandler(sampleField("service3"));
 		assertThat(handler1).isNotEqualTo(handler2);
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void isNotEqualToWithSameMetadataButDifferentExtraInterfaces() {
-		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createBeanOverrideHandler(sampleField("service"));
-		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createBeanOverrideHandler(sampleField("service5"));
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createHandler(sampleField("service"));
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createHandler(sampleField("service5"));
 		assertThat(handler1).isNotEqualTo(handler2);
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void isNotEqualToWithSameMetadataButDifferentAnswers() {
-		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createBeanOverrideHandler(sampleField("service"));
-		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createBeanOverrideHandler(sampleField("service6"));
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createHandler(sampleField("service"));
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createHandler(sampleField("service6"));
 		assertThat(handler1).isNotEqualTo(handler2);
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	void isNotEqualToWithSameMetadataButDifferentSerializableFlag() {
-		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createBeanOverrideHandler(sampleField("service"));
-		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createBeanOverrideHandler(sampleField("service7"));
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler1 = createHandler(sampleField("service"));
+		MockitoBeanOverrideHandler handler2 = createHandler(sampleField("service7"));
 		assertThat(handler1).isNotEqualTo(handler2);
 	}
 
 
-	private Field sampleField(String fieldName) {
+	private static Field sampleField(String fieldName) {
 		Field field = ReflectionUtils.findField(Sample.class, fieldName);
 		assertThat(field).isNotNull();
 		return field;
 	}
 
-	private MockitoBeanOverrideHandler createBeanOverrideHandler(Field field) {
+	private static MockitoBeanOverrideHandler createHandler(Field field) {
 		MockitoBean annotation = AnnotatedElementUtils.getMergedAnnotation(field, MockitoBean.class);
 		return new MockitoBeanOverrideHandler(field, ResolvableType.forClass(field.getType()), annotation);
 	}
 
+	private MockitoBeanOverrideHandler createHandler(Class<?> clazz) {
+		MockitoBean annotation = AnnotatedElementUtils.getMergedAnnotation(clazz, MockitoBean.class);
+		return new MockitoBeanOverrideHandler(null, ResolvableType.forClass(annotation.types()[0]), annotation);
+	}
+
 
 	static class SampleOneMock {
 
 		@MockitoBean
 		String service;
-
 	}
 
 	static class SampleOneMockWithName {
 
 		@MockitoBean("anotherService")
 		String service;
-
 	}
 
 	static class Sample {
@@ -156,7 +232,30 @@ class MockitoBeanOverrideHandlerTests {
 
 		@MockitoBean(serializable = true)
 		private String service7;
+	}
 
+	@MockitoBean(name = "beanToMock", types = String.class)
+	static class ClassLevelStringMockByName1 {
+	}
+
+	@MockitoBean(name = "beanToMock", types = String.class)
+	static class ClassLevelStringMockByName2 {
+	}
+
+	@MockitoBean(name = "otherBeanToMock", types = String.class)
+	static class ClassLevelStringMockByName3 {
+	}
+
+	@MockitoBean(types = String.class)
+	static class ClassLevelStringMockByType1 {
+	}
+
+	@MockitoBean(types = String.class)
+	static class ClassLevelStringMockByType2 {
+	}
+
+	@MockitoBean(types = Integer.class)
+	static class ClassLevelStringMockByType3 {
 	}
 
 }

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/MockitoBeanOverrideProcessorTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,62 +18,180 @@ package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.util.List;
 
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverrideHandler;
-import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.example.ExampleService;
+import org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatIllegalStateException;
 
 /**
- * Tests for {@link MockitoBeanOverrideProcessorTests}
+ * Tests for {@link MockitoBeanOverrideProcessor}.
+ *
+ * @author Simon Baslé
+ * @author Sam Brannen
+ * @since 6.2
  */
-public class MockitoBeanOverrideProcessorTests {
+class MockitoBeanOverrideProcessorTests {
 
 	private final MockitoBeanOverrideProcessor processor = new MockitoBeanOverrideProcessor();
 
-	@Test
-	void mockAnnotationCreatesMockitoBeanOverrideHandler() throws NoSuchFieldException {
-		MockitoBean annotation = AnnotationUtils.synthesizeAnnotation(MockitoBean.class);
-		Class<?> clazz = MockitoConf.class;
-		Field field = clazz.getField("a");
-		BeanOverrideHandler object = this.processor.createHandler(annotation, clazz, field);
 
-		assertThat(object).isExactlyInstanceOf(MockitoBeanOverrideHandler.class);
+	@Nested
+	class CreateHandlerTests {
+
+		private final Field field = ReflectionUtils.findField(TestCase.class, "number");
+
+
+		@Test
+		void mockAnnotationCreatesMockitoBeanOverrideHandler() {
+			MockitoBean annotation = AnnotationUtils.synthesizeAnnotation(MockitoBean.class);
+			BeanOverrideHandler object = processor.createHandler(annotation, TestCase.class, field);
+
+			assertThat(object).isExactlyInstanceOf(MockitoBeanOverrideHandler.class);
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void spyAnnotationCreatesMockitoSpyBeanOverrideHandler() {
+			MockitoSpyBean annotation = AnnotationUtils.synthesizeAnnotation(MockitoSpyBean.class);
+			BeanOverrideHandler object = processor.createHandler(annotation, TestCase.class, field);
+
+			assertThat(object).isExactlyInstanceOf(MockitoSpyBeanOverrideHandler.class);
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void otherAnnotationThrows() {
+			Annotation annotation = field.getAnnotation(Nullable.class);
+
+			assertThatIllegalStateException()
+					.isThrownBy(() -> processor.createHandler(annotation, TestCase.class, field))
+					.withMessage("Invalid annotation passed to MockitoBeanOverrideProcessor: expected either " +
+							"@MockitoBean or @MockitoSpyBean on field %s.%s", field.getDeclaringClass().getName(),
+							field.getName());
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void typesNotSupportedAtFieldLevel() {
+			Field field = ReflectionUtils.findField(TestCase.class, "typesNotSupported");
+			MockitoBean annotation = field.getAnnotation(MockitoBean.class);
+
+			assertThatIllegalStateException()
+					.isThrownBy(() -> processor.createHandler(annotation, TestCase.class, field))
+					.withMessage("The @MockitoBean 'types' attribute must be omitted when declared on a field");
+		}
+
+
+		static class TestCase {
+
+			@Nullable
+			@MockitoBean
+			@MockitoSpyBean
+			Integer number;
+
+			@MockitoBean(types = Integer.class)
+			String typesNotSupported;
+		}
+
+		@MockitoBean(name = "bogus", types = Integer.class)
+		static class NameNotSupportedTestCase {
+		}
 	}
 
-	@Test
-	void spyAnnotationCreatesMockitoSpyBeanOverrideHandler() throws NoSuchFieldException {
-		MockitoSpyBean annotation = AnnotationUtils.synthesizeAnnotation(MockitoSpyBean.class);
-		Class<?> clazz = MockitoConf.class;
-		Field field = clazz.getField("a");
-		BeanOverrideHandler object = this.processor.createHandler(annotation, clazz, field);
+	@Nested
+	class CreateHandlersTests {
 
-		assertThat(object).isExactlyInstanceOf(MockitoSpyBeanOverrideHandler.class);
-	}
+		@Test
+		void missingTypes() {
+			Class<?> testClass = MissingTypesTestCase.class;
+			MockitoBean annotation = testClass.getAnnotation(MockitoBean.class);
 
-	@Test
-	void otherAnnotationThrows() throws NoSuchFieldException {
-		Class<?> clazz = MockitoConf.class;
-		Field field = clazz.getField("a");
-		Annotation annotation = field.getAnnotation(Nullable.class);
+			assertThatIllegalStateException()
+					.isThrownBy(() -> processor.createHandlers(annotation, testClass))
+					.withMessage("The @MockitoBean 'types' attribute must not be empty when declared on a class");
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void nameNotSupportedWithMultipleTypes() {
+			Class<?> testClass = NameNotSupportedWithMultipleTypesTestCase.class;
+			MockitoBean annotation = testClass.getAnnotation(MockitoBean.class);
+
+			assertThatIllegalStateException()
+					.isThrownBy(() -> processor.createHandlers(annotation, testClass))
+					.withMessage("The @MockitoBean 'name' attribute cannot be used when mocking multiple types");
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void singleMockByType() {
+			Class<?> testClass = SingleMockByTypeTestCase.class;
+			MockitoBean annotation = testClass.getAnnotation(MockitoBean.class);
+			List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = processor.createHandlers(annotation, testClass);
+
+			assertThat(handlers).singleElement().isInstanceOfSatisfying(MockitoBeanOverrideHandler.class, handler -> {
+				assertThat(handler.getField()).isNull();
+				assertThat(handler.getBeanName()).isNull();
+				assertThat(handler.getBeanType().resolve()).isEqualTo(Integer.class);
+			});
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void singleMockByName() {
+			Class<?> testClass = SingleMockByNameTestCase.class;
+			MockitoBean annotation = testClass.getAnnotation(MockitoBean.class);
+			List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = processor.createHandlers(annotation, testClass);
+
+			assertThat(handlers).singleElement().isInstanceOfSatisfying(MockitoBeanOverrideHandler.class, handler -> {
+				assertThat(handler.getField()).isNull();
+				assertThat(handler.getBeanName()).isEqualTo("enigma");
+				assertThat(handler.getBeanType().resolve()).isEqualTo(Integer.class);
+			});
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void multipleMocks() {
+			Class<?> testClass = MultipleMocksTestCase.class;
+			MockitoBean annotation = testClass.getAnnotation(MockitoBean.class);
+			List<BeanOverrideHandler> handlers = processor.createHandlers(annotation, testClass);
+
+			assertThat(handlers).satisfiesExactly(
+					handler1 -> {
+						assertThat(handler1.getField()).isNull();
+						assertThat(handler1.getBeanName()).isNull();
+						assertThat(handler1.getBeanType().resolve()).isEqualTo(Integer.class);
+					},
+					handler2 -> {
+						assertThat(handler2.getField()).isNull();
+						assertThat(handler2.getBeanName()).isNull();
+						assertThat(handler2.getBeanType().resolve()).isEqualTo(Float.class);
+					}
+				);
+		}
 
-		assertThatIllegalStateException()
-				.isThrownBy(() -> this.processor.createHandler(annotation, clazz, field))
-				.withMessage("Invalid annotation passed to MockitoBeanOverrideProcessor: expected either " +
-						"@MockitoBean or @MockitoSpyBean on field %s.%s", field.getDeclaringClass().getName(),
-						field.getName());
-	}
 
-	static class MockitoConf {
-		@Nullable
 		@MockitoBean
-		@MockitoSpyBean
-		public ExampleService a;
+		static class MissingTypesTestCase {
+		}
+
+		@MockitoBean(name = "bogus", types = { Integer.class, Float.class })
+		static class NameNotSupportedWithMultipleTypesTestCase {
+		}
+
+		@MockitoBean(types = Integer.class)
+		static class SingleMockByTypeTestCase {
+		}
+
+		@MockitoBean(name = "enigma", types = Integer.class)
+		static class SingleMockByNameTestCase {
+		}
+
+		@MockitoBean(types = { Integer.class, Float.class })
+		static class MultipleMocksTestCase {
+		}
 	}
 
 }

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/MockitoSpyBeanOverrideHandlerTests.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2002-2024 the original author or authors.
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.springframework.core.ResolvableType;
 import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotatedElementUtils;
 import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverrideHandler;
+import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverrideTestUtils;
 import org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
@@ -36,14 +37,14 @@ import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 class MockitoSpyBeanOverrideHandlerTests {
 
 	@Test
-	void forTestClassSetsNameToNullIfAnnotationNameIsNull() {
-		List<BeanOverrideHandler> list = BeanOverrideHandler.forTestClass(SampleOneSpy.class);
+	void beanNameIsSetToNullIfAnnotationNameIsEmpty() {
+		List<BeanOverrideHandler> list = BeanOverrideTestUtils.findHandlers(SampleOneSpy.class);
 		assertThat(list).singleElement().satisfies(handler -> assertThat(handler.getBeanName()).isNull());
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void forTestClassSetsNameToAnnotationName() {
-		List<BeanOverrideHandler> list = BeanOverrideHandler.forTestClass(SampleOneSpyWithName.class);
+	void beanNameIsSetToAnnotationName() {
+		List<BeanOverrideHandler> list = BeanOverrideTestUtils.findHandlers(SampleOneSpyWithName.class);
 		assertThat(list).singleElement().satisfies(handler -> assertThat(handler.getBeanName()).isEqualTo("anotherService"));
 	}
 

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/mockbeans/MockitoBeansByNameIntegrationTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.mockbeans;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
+import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.example.ExampleService;
+import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.MockitoBean;
+import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.MockitoBeans;
+import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringJUnitConfig;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.given;
+
+/**
+ * Integration tests for {@link MockitoBeans @MockitoBeans} and
+ * {@link MockitoBean @MockitoBean} declared "by name" at the class level as a
+ * repeatable annotation.
+ *
+ * @author Sam Brannen
+ * @since 6.2.2
+ * @see <a href="https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/issues/33925">gh-33925</a>
+ * @see MockitoBeansByTypeIntegrationTests
+ */
+@SpringJUnitConfig
+@MockitoBean(name = "s1", types = ExampleService.class)
+@MockitoBean(name = "s2", types = ExampleService.class)
+class MockitoBeansByNameIntegrationTests {
+
+	@Autowired
+	ExampleService s1;
+
+	@Autowired
+	ExampleService s2;
+
+	@MockitoBean(name = "s3")
+	ExampleService service3;
+
+	@Autowired
+	@Qualifier("s4")
+	ExampleService service4;
+
+
+	@BeforeEach
+	void configureMocks() {
+		given(s1.greeting()).willReturn("mock 1");
+		given(s2.greeting()).willReturn("mock 2");
+		given(service3.greeting()).willReturn("mock 3");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void checkMocksAndStandardBean() {
+		assertThat(s1.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 1");
+		assertThat(s2.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 2");
+		assertThat(service3.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 3");
+		assertThat(service4.greeting()).isEqualTo("prod 4");
+	}
+
+	@Configuration
+	static class Config {
+
+		@Bean
+		ExampleService s1() {
+			return () -> "prod 1";
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		ExampleService s2() {
+			return () -> "prod 2";
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		ExampleService s3() {
+			return () -> "prod 3";
+		}
+
+		@Bean
+		ExampleService s4() {
+			return () -> "prod 4";
+		}
+	}
+
+}

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/mockbeans/MockitoBeansByTypeIntegrationTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.mockbeans;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.MockitoBean;
+import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.MockitoBeans;
+import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringJUnitConfig;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.mockito.BDDMockito.given;
+
+/**
+ * Integration tests for {@link MockitoBeans @MockitoBeans} and
+ * {@link MockitoBean @MockitoBean} declared "by type" at the class level, as a
+ * repeatable annotation, and via a custom composed annotation.
+ *
+ * @author Sam Brannen
+ * @since 6.2.2
+ * @see <a href="https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/issues/33925">gh-33925</a>
+ * @see MockitoBeansByNameIntegrationTests
+ */
+@SpringJUnitConfig
+@MockitoBean(types = {Service04.class, Service05.class})
+@SharedMocks // Intentionally declared between local @MockitoBean declarations
+@MockitoBean(types = Service06.class)
+class MockitoBeansByTypeIntegrationTests implements TestInterface01 {
+
+	@Autowired
+	Service01 service01;
+
+	@Autowired
+	Service02 service02;
+
+	@Autowired
+	Service03 service03;
+
+	@Autowired
+	Service04 service04;
+
+	@Autowired
+	Service05 service05;
+
+	@Autowired
+	Service06 service06;
+
+	@MockitoBean
+	Service07 service07;
+
+
+	@BeforeEach
+	void configureMocks() {
+		given(service01.greeting()).willReturn("mock 01");
+		given(service02.greeting()).willReturn("mock 02");
+		given(service03.greeting()).willReturn("mock 03");
+		given(service04.greeting()).willReturn("mock 04");
+		given(service05.greeting()).willReturn("mock 05");
+		given(service06.greeting()).willReturn("mock 06");
+		given(service07.greeting()).willReturn("mock 07");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void checkMocks() {
+		assertThat(service01.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 01");
+		assertThat(service02.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 02");
+		assertThat(service03.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 03");
+		assertThat(service04.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 04");
+		assertThat(service05.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 05");
+		assertThat(service06.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 06");
+		assertThat(service07.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 07");
+	}
+
+
+	@MockitoBean(types = Service09.class)
+	static class BaseTestCase implements TestInterface08 {
+
+		@Autowired
+		Service08 service08;
+
+		@Autowired
+		Service09 service09;
+
+		@MockitoBean
+		Service10 service10;
+	}
+
+	@Nested
+	@MockitoBean(types = Service12.class)
+	class NestedTests extends BaseTestCase implements TestInterface11 {
+
+		@Autowired
+		Service11 service11;
+
+		@Autowired
+		Service12 service12;
+
+		@MockitoBean
+		Service13 service13;
+
+
+		@BeforeEach
+		void configureMocks() {
+			given(service08.greeting()).willReturn("mock 08");
+			given(service09.greeting()).willReturn("mock 09");
+			given(service10.greeting()).willReturn("mock 10");
+			given(service11.greeting()).willReturn("mock 11");
+			given(service12.greeting()).willReturn("mock 12");
+			given(service13.greeting()).willReturn("mock 13");
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		void checkMocks() {
+			assertThat(service01.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 01");
+			assertThat(service02.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 02");
+			assertThat(service03.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 03");
+			assertThat(service04.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 04");
+			assertThat(service05.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 05");
+			assertThat(service06.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 06");
+			assertThat(service07.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 07");
+			assertThat(service08.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 08");
+			assertThat(service09.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 09");
+			assertThat(service10.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 10");
+			assertThat(service11.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 11");
+			assertThat(service12.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 12");
+			assertThat(service13.greeting()).isEqualTo("mock 13");
+		}
+	}
+
+}

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/mockbeans/MockitoBeansTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.mockbeans;
+
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import org.springframework.core.ResolvableType;
+import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverrideHandler;
+import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.BeanOverrideTestUtils;
+import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.MockitoBean;
+import org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.MockitoBeans;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link MockitoBeans @MockitoBeans}: {@link MockitoBean @MockitoBean}
+ * declared at the class level, as a repeatable annotation, and via a custom composed
+ * annotation.
+ *
+ * @author Sam Brannen
+ * @since 6.2.2
+ * @see <a href="https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/issues/33925">gh-33925</a>
+ */
+class MockitoBeansTests {
+
+	@Test
+	void registrationOrderForTopLevelClass() {
+		Stream<Class<?>> mockedServices = getRegisteredMockTypes(MockitoBeansByTypeIntegrationTests.class);
+		assertThat(mockedServices).containsExactly(
+				Service01.class, Service02.class, Service03.class, Service04.class,
+				Service05.class, Service06.class, Service07.class);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	void registrationOrderForNestedClass() {
+		Stream<Class<?>> mockedServices = getRegisteredMockTypes(MockitoBeansByTypeIntegrationTests.NestedTests.class);
+		assertThat(mockedServices).containsExactly(
+				Service01.class, Service02.class, Service03.class, Service04.class,
+				Service05.class, Service06.class, Service07.class, Service08.class,
+				Service09.class, Service10.class, Service11.class, Service12.class,
+				Service13.class);
+	}
+
+
+	private static Stream<Class<?>> getRegisteredMockTypes(Class<?> testClass) {
+		return BeanOverrideTestUtils.findAllHandlers(testClass)
+				.stream()
+				.map(BeanOverrideHandler::getBeanType)
+				.map(ResolvableType::getRawClass);
+	}
+
+}

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/mockbeans/Service.java

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.mockbeans;
+
+interface Service {
+	String greeting();
+}

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/mockbeans/Service01.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.mockbeans;
+
+interface Service01 extends Service {
+}

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/bean/override/mockito/mockbeans/Service02.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2025 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.test.context.bean.override.mockito.mockbeans;
+
+interface Service02 extends Service {
+}