Release v0.46.1

The auto-added `Expect: 100-continue` (for bodies >= 1024 bytes) decided
whether to withhold the request body based on raw socket readability via
select_read(). Over TLS, post-handshake records such as TLS 1.3 session
tickets make the socket readable without any HTTP response being
available, so the client withheld the body and then blocked reading a
response that never came, failing with `Failed to read connection`.

Decide based on whether a status line can actually be read within the
100-continue timeout instead: temporarily shorten the read timeout, try
to read the status line, and if none arrives, send the body and proceed
as usual (matching curl). This keeps the `100 Continue` and early
final-response paths working while no longer being fooled by TLS records.

Add a regression test using a raw OpenSSL server that never sends
`100 Continue`.

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/test/www*/dir/*.html text eol=lf
+/test/www*/dir/*.txt text eol=lf

.github/workflows/abidiff.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Andrea Pappacoda <andrea@pappacoda.it>
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+name: abidiff
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+defaults:
+  run:
+    shell: sh
+
+jobs:
+  abi:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name
+    container:
+      image: debian:testing
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: apt -y --update install --no-install-recommends
+        abigail-tools
+        ca-certificates
+        g++
+        git
+        libbrotli-dev
+        libssl-dev
+        libzstd-dev
+        meson
+        pkg-config
+        python3
+        zlib1g-dev
+
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        path: current
+
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      with:
+        path: previous
+        fetch-depth: 0
+
+    - name: Checkout previous
+      working-directory: previous
+      run: |
+        git switch master
+        git describe --tags --abbrev=0 master | xargs git checkout
+
+    - name: Build current
+      working-directory: current
+      run: |
+        meson setup --buildtype=debug -Dcpp-httplib_compile=true build
+        ninja -C build
+
+    - name: Build previous
+      working-directory: previous
+      run: |
+        meson setup --buildtype=debug -Dcpp-httplib_compile=true build
+        ninja -C build
+
+    - name: Run abidiff
+      run: abidiff
+        --headers-dir1 previous/build
+        --headers-dir2 current/build
+        previous/build/libcpp-httplib.so
+        current/build/libcpp-httplib.so

.github/workflows/cifuzz.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+name: CIFuzz
+
+on: [pull_request]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  Fuzzing:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - name: Build Fuzzers
+      id: build
+      uses: google/oss-fuzz/infra/cifuzz/actions/build_fuzzers@master
+      with:
+        oss-fuzz-project-name: 'cpp-httplib'
+        dry-run: false
+        language: c++
+    - name: Run Fuzzers
+      uses: google/oss-fuzz/infra/cifuzz/actions/run_fuzzers@master
+      with:
+        oss-fuzz-project-name: 'cpp-httplib'
+        fuzz-seconds: 600
+        dry-run: false
+        language: c++
+    - name: Upload Crash
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+      if: failure() && steps.build.outcome == 'success'
+      with:
+        name: artifacts
+        path: ./out/artifacts

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+name: docs
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+    paths:
+      - 'docs-src/**'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  pages: write
+  id-token: write
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+jobs:
+  deploy:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    environment:
+      name: github-pages
+      url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+      - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+      - name: Install docs-gen
+        run: cargo install docs-gen
+      - name: Build
+        run: docs-gen build docs-src docs
+      - uses: actions/configure-pages@v5
+      - uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v3
+        with:
+          path: docs
+      - id: deployment
+        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4

.github/workflows/release-docker.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+name: Release Docker Image
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [published]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  build-and-push:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0  # Fetch all history and tags
+
+      - name: Extract tag (manual)
+        if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
+        id: set_tag_manual
+        run: |
+          # Checkout the latest tag and set output
+          git fetch --tags
+          LATEST_TAG=$(git describe --tags --abbrev=0)
+          git checkout $LATEST_TAG
+          echo "tag=${LATEST_TAG#v}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Extract tag (release)
+        if: github.event_name == 'release'
+        id: set_tag_release
+        run: echo "tag=${GITHUB_REF_NAME#v}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+
+      - name: Log in to Docker Hub
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Build and push Docker image
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
+        with:
+          context: .
+          file: ./Dockerfile
+          push: true
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64  # Build for both amd64 and arm64
+          # Use extracted tag without leading 'v'
+          tags: |
+            yhirose4dockerhub/cpp-httplib-server:latest
+            yhirose4dockerhub/cpp-httplib-server:${{ steps.set_tag_manual.outputs.tag || steps.set_tag_release.outputs.tag }}

.github/workflows/test-32bit.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+name: 32-bit Build Test
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [master]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  test-win32:
+    name: Windows 32-bit (MSVC x86)
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Build (Win32)
+        shell: cmd
+        run: |
+          for /f "usebackq tokens=*" %%i in (`"%ProgramFiles(x86)%\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\vswhere.exe" -latest -property installationPath`) do set VSDIR=%%i
+          call "%VSDIR%\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x86 || exit /b 1
+          cl /std:c++14 /EHsc /W4 /WX /c /Fo:NUL test\test_32bit_build.cpp
+
+  test-arm32:
+    name: ARM 32-bit (cross-compile)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install cross compiler
+        run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y g++-arm-linux-gnueabihf
+      - name: Build (ARM 32-bit)
+        run: arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ -std=c++11 -Wall -Wextra -Wno-psabi -Werror -c -o /dev/null test/test_32bit_build.cpp

.github/workflows/test.yaml

@@ -1,41 +1,551 @@
 name: test
 
-on: [push, pull_request]
+on:
+  push:
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      gtest_filter:
+        description: 'Google Test filter'
+      test_linux:
+        description: 'Test on Linux'
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+      test_macos:
+        description: 'Test on MacOS'
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+      test_windows:
+        description: 'Test on Windows'
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  # Exclude *_Online tests by default — they hit external services and flake on
+  # CI runners. Run with workflow_dispatch + a custom filter to include them.
+  GTEST_FILTER: ${{ github.event.inputs.gtest_filter || '-*_Online' }}
 
 jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+  style-check:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name
+    continue-on-error: true
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: run style check
+        run: |
+          clang-format --version
+          cd test && make style_check
 
+  build-and-test-on-32bit:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: >
+      (github.event_name == 'push') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'  &&
+       github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.test_linux == 'true')
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        os: [macOS-latest, ubuntu-latest, windows-latest]
-
+        config:
+        - arch_flags: -m32
+          arch_suffix: :i386
+          name: (32-bit)
     steps:
-    - name: prepare git for checkout on windows
-      if: matrix.os == 'windows-latest'
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: install libraries
+        run: |
+          sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y libc6-dev${{ matrix.config.arch_suffix }} libstdc++-13-dev${{ matrix.config.arch_suffix }} \
+            libssl-dev${{ matrix.config.arch_suffix }} libcurl4-openssl-dev${{ matrix.config.arch_suffix }} \
+            zlib1g-dev${{ matrix.config.arch_suffix }} libbrotli-dev${{ matrix.config.arch_suffix }} \
+            libzstd-dev${{ matrix.config.arch_suffix }}
+      - name: build and run tests
+        run: cd test && make test EXTRA_CXXFLAGS="${{ matrix.config.arch_flags }}"
+
+  ubuntu:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: >
+      (github.event_name == 'push') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'  &&
+       github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.test_linux == 'true')
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        tls_backend: [openssl, mbedtls, wolfssl]
+    name: ubuntu (${{ matrix.tls_backend }})
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: install common libraries
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y libcurl4-openssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbrotli-dev libzstd-dev
+      - name: install OpenSSL
+        if: matrix.tls_backend == 'openssl'
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y libssl-dev
+      - name: install Mbed TLS
+        if: matrix.tls_backend == 'mbedtls'
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y libmbedtls-dev
+      - name: install wolfSSL
+        if: matrix.tls_backend == 'wolfssl'
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y libwolfssl-dev
+      - name: build and run tests (OpenSSL)
+        if: matrix.tls_backend == 'openssl'
+        run: cd test && make test_split && make test_openssl_parallel
+        env:
+          LSAN_OPTIONS: suppressions=lsan_suppressions.txt
+      - name: build and run tests (Mbed TLS)
+        if: matrix.tls_backend == 'mbedtls'
+        # Run mbedTLS shards with reduced parallelism — under ASAN+mbedTLS the
+        # default 4 shards overload CI runners enough that timing-sensitive
+        # ServerTest cases flake on first-request keep-alive reuse.
+        run: cd test && make test_split_mbedtls && SHARDS=2 make test_mbedtls_parallel
+      - name: build and run tests (wolfSSL)
+        if: matrix.tls_backend == 'wolfssl'
+        run: cd test && make test_split_wolfssl && make test_wolfssl_parallel
+      - name: run fuzz test target
+        if: matrix.tls_backend == 'openssl'
+        run: cd test && make fuzz_test
+      - name: build and run WebSocket heartbeat test
+        if: matrix.tls_backend == 'openssl'
+        run: cd test && make test_websocket_heartbeat && ./test_websocket_heartbeat
+      - name: build and run ThreadPool test
+        run: cd test && make test_thread_pool && ./test_thread_pool
+
+  # BoringSSL is Google's fork of OpenSSL. It has no API stability guarantee
+  # and is not packaged by distros, so we build it from source. cpp-httplib
+  # treats it as an OpenSSL backend variant via the OPENSSL_IS_BORINGSSL
+  # macro (see httplib.h). This job is best-effort: continue-on-error keeps
+  # upstream API drift from blocking PRs while still surfacing breakage.
+  ubuntu-boringssl:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: >
+      (github.event_name == 'push') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'  &&
+       github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.test_linux == 'true')
+    continue-on-error: true
+    name: ubuntu (boringssl, best-effort)
+    env:
+      # Tracking HEAD keeps us honest about upstream churn. If breakage
+      # becomes routine, replace HEAD with a 40-char commit SHA; the
+      # resolve step uses the SHA directly when it matches that shape.
+      BORINGSSL_REF: HEAD
+      BORINGSSL_PREFIX: ${{ github.workspace }}/boringssl-install
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: install common libraries
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y libcurl4-openssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbrotli-dev libzstd-dev
+      - name: resolve BoringSSL commit
+        id: boringssl-rev
+        # Accept either a ref name (resolved via git ls-remote) or a full
+        # 40-char SHA used directly. ls-remote does not list arbitrary
+        # commit SHAs, so pinning requires the second path.
+        run: |
+          if [[ "${BORINGSSL_REF}" =~ ^[0-9a-f]{40}$ ]]; then
+            sha="${BORINGSSL_REF}"
+            echo "Using pinned BoringSSL SHA: ${sha}"
+          else
+            sha=$(git ls-remote https://boringssl.googlesource.com/boringssl "${BORINGSSL_REF}" | awk '{print $1}')
+            if [ -z "$sha" ]; then
+              echo "Failed to resolve BoringSSL ref ${BORINGSSL_REF}" >&2
+              exit 1
+            fi
+            echo "Resolved ${BORINGSSL_REF} -> ${sha}"
+          fi
+          echo "sha=${sha}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: cache BoringSSL build
+        id: boringssl-cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.BORINGSSL_PREFIX }}
+          key: boringssl-${{ runner.os }}-${{ steps.boringssl-rev.outputs.sha }}
+      - name: build BoringSSL
+        if: steps.boringssl-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          git clone https://boringssl.googlesource.com/boringssl boringssl
+          cd boringssl
+          git checkout "${{ steps.boringssl-rev.outputs.sha }}"
+          cmake -S . -B build \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF \
+            -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON \
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="${BORINGSSL_PREFIX}"
+          cmake --build build -j"$(nproc)" --target install
+      - name: build and run tests (BoringSSL)
+        # Override OPENSSL_SUPPORT to point the existing OpenSSL Makefile path
+        # at BoringSSL's prefix. BoringSSL defines OPENSSL_IS_BORINGSSL in
+        # <openssl/base.h>, which httplib.h and test.cc use to switch on API
+        # differences (e.g. SAN-only hostname verification, no CN fallback).
+        #
+        # BoringSSL's public headers (<openssl/stack.h>) use std::enable_if_t,
+        # so consumers must compile with C++14 or later. cpp-httplib itself
+        # supports C++11, but anyone pairing it with BoringSSL inherits this
+        # constraint. EXTRA_CXXFLAGS appends after the Makefile's -std=c++11
+        # and the later flag wins.
+        run: |
+          cd test
+          BORINGSSL_FLAGS="-DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT -I${BORINGSSL_PREFIX}/include -L${BORINGSSL_PREFIX}/lib -lssl -lcrypto -lpthread"
+          make test_split OPENSSL_SUPPORT="${BORINGSSL_FLAGS}" EXTRA_CXXFLAGS="-std=c++17"
+          make test_openssl_parallel OPENSSL_SUPPORT="${BORINGSSL_FLAGS}" EXTRA_CXXFLAGS="-std=c++17"
+        env:
+          LSAN_OPTIONS: suppressions=lsan_suppressions.txt
+
+  # macOS counterpart of the BoringSSL job. Same best-effort posture; the
+  # extra framework links cover the macOS Keychain integration that
+  # httplib.h auto-enables for any TLS backend on macOS.
+  macos-boringssl:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    if: >
+      (github.event_name == 'push') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'  &&
+       github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.test_macos == 'true')
+    continue-on-error: true
+    name: macos (boringssl, best-effort)
+    env:
+      BORINGSSL_REF: HEAD
+      BORINGSSL_PREFIX: ${{ github.workspace }}/boringssl-install
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: resolve BoringSSL commit
+        id: boringssl-rev
+        # Accept either a ref name (resolved via git ls-remote) or a full
+        # 40-char SHA used directly. ls-remote does not list arbitrary
+        # commit SHAs, so pinning requires the second path.
+        run: |
+          if [[ "${BORINGSSL_REF}" =~ ^[0-9a-f]{40}$ ]]; then
+            sha="${BORINGSSL_REF}"
+            echo "Using pinned BoringSSL SHA: ${sha}"
+          else
+            sha=$(git ls-remote https://boringssl.googlesource.com/boringssl "${BORINGSSL_REF}" | awk '{print $1}')
+            if [ -z "$sha" ]; then
+              echo "Failed to resolve BoringSSL ref ${BORINGSSL_REF}" >&2
+              exit 1
+            fi
+            echo "Resolved ${BORINGSSL_REF} -> ${sha}"
+          fi
+          echo "sha=${sha}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+      - name: cache BoringSSL build
+        id: boringssl-cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.BORINGSSL_PREFIX }}
+          key: boringssl-${{ runner.os }}-${{ steps.boringssl-rev.outputs.sha }}
+      - name: build BoringSSL
+        if: steps.boringssl-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          git clone https://boringssl.googlesource.com/boringssl boringssl
+          cd boringssl
+          git checkout "${{ steps.boringssl-rev.outputs.sha }}"
+          cmake -S . -B build \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF \
+            -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON \
+            -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="${BORINGSSL_PREFIX}"
+          cmake --build build -j"$(sysctl -n hw.ncpu)" --target install
+      - name: build and run tests (BoringSSL)
+        run: |
+          cd test
+          # CoreFoundation/Security frameworks satisfy the Keychain integration
+          # auto-enabled in httplib.h for macOS TLS builds.
+          BORINGSSL_FLAGS="-DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT -I${BORINGSSL_PREFIX}/include -L${BORINGSSL_PREFIX}/lib -lssl -lcrypto -framework CoreFoundation -framework Security"
+          make test_split OPENSSL_SUPPORT="${BORINGSSL_FLAGS}" EXTRA_CXXFLAGS="-std=c++17"
+          make test_openssl_parallel OPENSSL_SUPPORT="${BORINGSSL_FLAGS}" EXTRA_CXXFLAGS="-std=c++17"
+        env:
+          LSAN_OPTIONS: suppressions=lsan_suppressions.txt
+
+  # Reproducer for https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/issues/2431.
+  # On Linux/glibc, getaddrinfo_with_timeout() schedules an asynchronous
+  # DNS lookup with getaddrinfo_a(GAI_NOWAIT) using a stack-local gaicb.
+  # When gai_suspend() hits the connection timeout, gai_cancel() is called
+  # but does not block; the resolver worker can later write back into the
+  # destroyed stack frame. To make the worker actually reach that write,
+  # the test job runs a loopback UDP responder (test/dns_test_fixture.py)
+  # that delays its reply past the test's 1s timeout, and uses an iptables
+  # NAT rule so glibc's lookups land on that fixture instead of a real
+  # nameserver. With ASAN's detect_stack_use_after_return enabled, the
+  # late write-back is reported as a stack-use-after-return.
+  issue-2431-repro:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: >
+      (github.event_name == 'push') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'  &&
+       github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.test_linux == 'true')
+    name: issue-2431 repro (Linux + ASAN)
+    # Bound the whole job in case anything in the test harness hangs
+    # unexpectedly. With the fixture in place a normal run is well under
+    # a minute either way (ASAN abort on broken HEAD, clean pass on fix).
+    timeout-minutes: 5
+    env:
+      DNS_FIXTURE_PORT: "15353"
+      DNS_FIXTURE_DELAY: "3"
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: install libraries
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbrotli-dev \
+            libzstd-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev iptables util-linux iproute2
+      - name: start loopback DNS test fixture
+        run: |
+          # Force glibc through its DNS code path: Ubuntu's default
+          # nsswitch short-circuits to NOTFOUND through mdns4_minimal,
+          # which would skip the buggy code entirely.
+          sudo sed -i 's/^hosts:.*/hosts: dns/' /etc/nsswitch.conf
+          # Run the loopback fixture (delayed UDP responder).
+          python3 test/dns_test_fixture.py "$DNS_FIXTURE_PORT" "$DNS_FIXTURE_DELAY" \
+            >/tmp/dns_fixture.log 2>&1 &
+          echo $! | sudo tee /tmp/dns_fixture.pid >/dev/null
+          # Wait for the fixture to start listening.
+          for _ in $(seq 1 50); do
+            if ss -lun "( sport = :$DNS_FIXTURE_PORT )" | grep -q ":$DNS_FIXTURE_PORT"; then
+              break
+            fi
+            sleep 0.1
+          done
+          ss -lun "( sport = :$DNS_FIXTURE_PORT )" | grep -q ":$DNS_FIXTURE_PORT" \
+            || { echo "fixture failed to start"; cat /tmp/dns_fixture.log; exit 1; }
+          # Send the test process's DNS lookups to the loopback fixture.
+          # NAT only the local OUTPUT chain; conntrack handles the reply path.
+          sudo iptables -t nat -I OUTPUT -p udp --dport 53 \
+            -j REDIRECT --to-port "$DNS_FIXTURE_PORT"
+          # Sanity check: a query must take at least the fixture delay
+          # and resolve to NXDOMAIN (proving traffic reaches the fixture).
+          start=$(date +%s)
+          getent hosts unresolvable-host.invalid >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+          elapsed=$(( $(date +%s) - start ))
+          if [ "$elapsed" -lt 2 ]; then
+            echo "ERROR: lookup returned in ${elapsed}s; fixture not in path" >&2
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "[ok] DNS lookups are routed to the test fixture (took ${elapsed}s)"
+      - name: build test binary
+        run: cd test && make test
+      - name: run GetAddrInfoAsyncCancelTest
+        run: |
+          cd test
+          ARCH=$(uname -m)
+          CPPHTTPLIB_TEST_ISSUE_2431=1 \
+          ASAN_OPTIONS=detect_stack_use_after_return=1 \
+          LSAN_OPTIONS=suppressions=lsan_suppressions.txt \
+          setarch "$ARCH" -R \
+            ./test --gtest_filter='GetAddrInfoAsyncCancelTest.*'
+      - name: tear down test fixture
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          sudo iptables -t nat -F OUTPUT || true
+          if [ -f /tmp/dns_fixture.pid ]; then
+            sudo kill "$(cat /tmp/dns_fixture.pid)" 2>/dev/null || true
+          fi
+
+  macos:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    if: >
+      (github.event_name == 'push') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'  &&
+       github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.test_macos == 'true')
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        tls_backend: [openssl, mbedtls, wolfssl]
+    name: macos (${{ matrix.tls_backend }})
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: install Mbed TLS
+        if: matrix.tls_backend == 'mbedtls'
+        run: brew install mbedtls@3
+      - name: install wolfSSL
+        if: matrix.tls_backend == 'wolfssl'
+        run: brew install wolfssl
+      - name: build and run tests (OpenSSL)
+        if: matrix.tls_backend == 'openssl'
+        run: cd test && make test_split && make test_openssl_parallel
+        env:
+          LSAN_OPTIONS: suppressions=lsan_suppressions.txt
+      - name: build and run tests (Mbed TLS)
+        if: matrix.tls_backend == 'mbedtls'
+        # macOS runners under ASAN+mbedTLS still flake at SHARDS=2 (rapid
+        # bind/connect on the fixture's fixed port races on the slower
+        # macos-latest runner). Serialize fully here; ubuntu stays at 2.
+        run: cd test && make test_split_mbedtls && SHARDS=1 make test_mbedtls_parallel
+      - name: build and run tests (wolfSSL)
+        if: matrix.tls_backend == 'wolfssl'
+        run: cd test && make test_split_wolfssl && make test_wolfssl_parallel
+      - name: run fuzz test target
+        if: matrix.tls_backend == 'openssl'
+        run: cd test && make fuzz_test
+      - name: build and run WebSocket heartbeat test
+        if: matrix.tls_backend == 'openssl'
+        run: cd test && make test_websocket_heartbeat && ./test_websocket_heartbeat
+      - name: build and run ThreadPool test
+        run: cd test && make test_thread_pool && ./test_thread_pool
+
+  ios-parse-check:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    if: >
+      (github.event_name == 'push') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'  &&
+       github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.test_macos == 'true')
+    name: ios header parse check (not officially supported)
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: install OpenSSL headers
+        run: brew install openssl@3
+      - name: verify header parses on iOS target
+        run: |
+          IOS_SDK=$(xcrun --sdk iphoneos --show-sdk-path)
+          OPENSSL_INC=$(brew --prefix openssl@3)/include
+          echo "Using iOS SDK: $IOS_SDK"
+          echo '#include "httplib.h"' | clang++ \
+            -isysroot "$IOS_SDK" \
+            -target arm64-apple-ios16.0 \
+            -std=c++11 \
+            -DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT \
+            -I"$OPENSSL_INC" \
+            -I. -Wall -Wextra \
+            -fsyntax-only -x c++ -
+      - name: verify CPPHTTPLIB_USE_CERTS_FROM_MACOSX_KEYCHAIN is rejected on iOS
+        run: |
+          IOS_SDK=$(xcrun --sdk iphoneos --show-sdk-path)
+          OPENSSL_INC=$(brew --prefix openssl@3)/include
+          out=$(echo '#include "httplib.h"' | clang++ \
+            -isysroot "$IOS_SDK" \
+            -target arm64-apple-ios16.0 \
+            -std=c++11 \
+            -DCPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT \
+            -DCPPHTTPLIB_USE_CERTS_FROM_MACOSX_KEYCHAIN \
+            -I"$OPENSSL_INC" \
+            -I. \
+            -fsyntax-only -x c++ - 2>&1 || true)
+          if echo "$out" | grep -q "only supported on macOS"; then
+            echo "OK: #error fired as expected"
+          else
+            echo "FAIL: expected #error did not fire"
+            echo "--- compiler output ---"
+            echo "$out"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+  windows:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    if: >
+      (github.event_name == 'push') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'  &&
+       github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.test_windows == 'true')
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        config:
+        - with_ssl: false
+          compiled: false
+          run_tests: true
+          name: without SSL
+        - with_ssl: true
+          compiled: false
+          run_tests: true
+          name: with SSL
+        - with_ssl: false
+          compiled: true
+          run_tests: false
+          name: compiled
+    name: windows ${{ matrix.config.name }}
+    steps:
+    - name: Prepare Git for Checkout on Windows
       run: |
         git config --global core.autocrlf false
         git config --global core.eol lf
-    - name: checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - name: install brotli library on ubuntu
-      if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
-      run: sudo apt update && sudo apt-get install -y libbrotli-dev
-    - name: install brotli library on macOS
-      if: matrix.os == 'macOS-latest'
-      run: brew install brotli
-    - name: make
-      if: matrix.os != 'windows-latest'
-      run: cd test && make
-    - name: check fuzz test target
-      if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
-      run: cd test && make -f Makefile.fuzz_test
-    - name: setup msbuild on windows
-      if: matrix.os == 'windows-latest'
-      uses: warrenbuckley/Setup-MSBuild@v1
-    - name: make-windows
-      if: matrix.os == 'windows-latest'
+    - name: Checkout
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Export GitHub Actions cache environment variables
+      uses: actions/github-script@v7
+      with:
+        script: |
+          core.exportVariable('ACTIONS_CACHE_URL', process.env.ACTIONS_CACHE_URL || '');
+          core.exportVariable('ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN', process.env.ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN || '');
+    - name: Setup msbuild on windows
+      uses: microsoft/setup-msbuild@v2
+    - name: Cache vcpkg packages
+      id: vcpkg-cache
+      uses: actions/cache@v4
+      with:
+        path: C:/vcpkg/installed
+        key: vcpkg-installed-windows-gtest-curl-zlib-brotli-zstd
+    - name: Install vcpkg dependencies
+      if: steps.vcpkg-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+      run: vcpkg install gtest curl zlib brotli zstd
+    - name: Install OpenSSL
+      if: ${{ matrix.config.with_ssl }}
+      run: choco install openssl
+    - name: Configure CMake ${{ matrix.config.name }}
+      run: >
+        cmake -B build -S .
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+        -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${{ env.VCPKG_ROOT }}/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake
+        -DHTTPLIB_TEST=ON
+        -DHTTPLIB_COMPILE=${{ matrix.config.compiled && 'ON' || 'OFF' }}
+        -DHTTPLIB_USE_OPENSSL_IF_AVAILABLE=${{ matrix.config.with_ssl && 'ON' || 'OFF' }}
+        -DHTTPLIB_REQUIRE_ZLIB=ON
+        -DHTTPLIB_REQUIRE_BROTLI=ON
+        -DHTTPLIB_REQUIRE_ZSTD=ON
+        -DHTTPLIB_REQUIRE_OPENSSL=${{ matrix.config.with_ssl && 'ON' || 'OFF' }}
+    - name: Build ${{ matrix.config.name }}
+      run: cmake --build build --config Release -- /v:m /clp:ShowCommandLine
+    - name: Run tests ${{ matrix.config.name }}
+      if: ${{ matrix.config.run_tests }}
+      shell: pwsh
+      working-directory: build/test
       run: |
-        cd test
-        msbuild.exe test.sln /verbosity:minimal /t:Build "/p:Configuration=Release;Platform=x64"
-        x64\Release\test.exe
+        $shards = 4
+        $procs = @()
+        for ($i = 0; $i -lt $shards; $i++) {
+          $log = "shard_${i}.log"
+          $procs += Start-Process -FilePath ./Release/httplib-test.exe `
+            -ArgumentList "--gtest_color=yes","--gtest_filter=${{ github.event.inputs.gtest_filter || '-*_Online' }}" `
+            -NoNewWindow -PassThru -RedirectStandardOutput $log -RedirectStandardError "${log}.err" `
+            -Environment @{ GTEST_TOTAL_SHARDS="$shards"; GTEST_SHARD_INDEX="$i" }
+        }
+        $procs | Wait-Process
+        $failed = $false
+        for ($i = 0; $i -lt $shards; $i++) {
+          $log = "shard_${i}.log"
+          $proc = $procs[$i]
+          $hasPassed = Select-String -Path $log -Pattern "\[  PASSED  \]" -Quiet
+          $hasFailed = Select-String -Path $log -Pattern "\[  FAILED  \]" -Quiet
+          if ($hasPassed -and -not $hasFailed -and $proc.ExitCode -eq 0) {
+            $passed = (Select-String -Path $log -Pattern "\[  PASSED  \]").Line
+            Write-Host "Shard ${i}: $passed"
+          } else {
+            Write-Host "=== Shard $i FAILED (exit=$($proc.ExitCode)) ==="
+            Get-Content $log
+            if (Test-Path "${log}.err") { Get-Content "${log}.err" }
+            $failed = $true
+          }
+        }
+        if ($failed) { exit 1 }
+        Write-Host "All shards passed."
+
+    env:
+      VCPKG_ROOT: "C:/vcpkg"
+      VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES: "clear;x-gha,readwrite"

.github/workflows/test_benchmark.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+name: benchmark
+
+on:
+  push:
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  ubuntu:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: build and run
+        run: cd test && make test_benchmark && ./test_benchmark
+
+  macos:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: build and run
+        run: cd test && make test_benchmark && ./test_benchmark
+
+  windows:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name
+    steps:
+      - name: Prepare Git for Checkout on Windows
+        run: |
+          git config --global core.autocrlf false
+          git config --global core.eol lf
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Export GitHub Actions cache environment variables
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7
+        with:
+          script: |
+            core.exportVariable('ACTIONS_CACHE_URL', process.env.ACTIONS_CACHE_URL || '');
+            core.exportVariable('ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN', process.env.ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN || '');
+      - name: Cache vcpkg packages
+        id: vcpkg-cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: C:/vcpkg/installed
+          key: vcpkg-installed-windows-gtest
+      - name: Install vcpkg dependencies
+        if: steps.vcpkg-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        run: vcpkg install gtest
+      - name: Configure and build
+        shell: pwsh
+        run: |
+          $cmake_content = @"
+          cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)
+          project(httplib-benchmark CXX)
+          find_package(GTest REQUIRED)
+          add_executable(httplib-benchmark test/test_benchmark.cc)
+          target_include_directories(httplib-benchmark PRIVATE .)
+          target_link_libraries(httplib-benchmark PRIVATE GTest::gtest_main)
+          target_compile_options(httplib-benchmark PRIVATE "$<$<CXX_COMPILER_ID:MSVC>:/utf-8>")
+          "@
+          New-Item -ItemType Directory -Force -Path build_bench/test | Out-Null
+          Set-Content -Path build_bench/CMakeLists.txt -Value $cmake_content
+          Copy-Item -Path httplib.h -Destination build_bench/
+          Copy-Item -Path test/test_benchmark.cc -Destination build_bench/test/
+          cmake -B build_bench/build -S build_bench `
+            -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE="$env:VCPKG_ROOT/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake"
+          cmake --build build_bench/build --config Release
+      - name: Run with retry
+        run: ctest --output-on-failure --test-dir build_bench/build -C Release --repeat until-pass:5
+    env:
+      VCPKG_ROOT: "C:/vcpkg"
+      VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES: "clear;x-gha,readwrite"

.github/workflows/test_no_exceptions.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+name: No Exceptions Test
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  test-no-exceptions:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: |
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get install -y build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libbrotli-dev libzstd-dev
+
+    - name: Run tests with CPPHTTPLIB_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+      run: |
+        cd test && make test_split EXTRA_CXXFLAGS="-fno-exceptions -DCPPHTTPLIB_NO_EXCEPTIONS" && make test_openssl_parallel EXTRA_CXXFLAGS="-fno-exceptions -DCPPHTTPLIB_NO_EXCEPTIONS"

.github/workflows/test_offline.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+name: test_offline
+
+on:
+  push:
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      test_linux:
+        description: 'Test on Linux'
+        type: boolean
+        default: true
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  GTEST_FILTER: "-*.*_Online"
+
+jobs:
+  ubuntu:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: >
+      (github.event_name == 'push') ||
+      (github.event_name == 'pull_request'  &&
+       github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name) ||
+      (github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.event.inputs.test_linux == 'true')
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        tls_backend: [openssl, no-tls]
+    name: ubuntu (${{ matrix.tls_backend }})
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: install common libraries
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y libcurl4-openssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbrotli-dev libzstd-dev
+      - name: install OpenSSL
+        if: matrix.tls_backend == 'openssl'
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y libssl-dev
+      - name: disable network
+        run: |
+          sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
+          sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
+          sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -j REJECT
+          sudo ip6tables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
+          sudo ip6tables -A OUTPUT -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
+          sudo ip6tables -A OUTPUT -j REJECT
+      - name: build and run tests (OpenSSL)
+        if: matrix.tls_backend == 'openssl'
+        run: cd test && make test_split && make test_openssl_parallel
+        env:
+          LSAN_OPTIONS: suppressions=lsan_suppressions.txt
+      - name: build and run tests (No TLS)
+        if: matrix.tls_backend == 'no-tls'
+        run: cd test && make test_no_tls_parallel
+      - name: restore network
+        if: always()
+        run: |
+          sudo iptables -F OUTPUT
+          sudo ip6tables -F OUTPUT

.github/workflows/test_proxy.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+name: Proxy Test
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  test-proxy:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        tls_backend: [openssl, mbedtls]
+    name: proxy (${{ matrix.tls_backend }})
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+    - name: Install common dependencies
+      run: |
+        sudo apt-get update
+        sudo apt-get install -y build-essential zlib1g-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libbrotli-dev libzstd-dev netcat-openbsd
+    - name: Install OpenSSL
+      if: matrix.tls_backend == 'openssl'
+      run: sudo apt-get install -y libssl-dev
+    - name: Install Mbed TLS
+      if: matrix.tls_backend == 'mbedtls'
+      run: sudo apt-get install -y libmbedtls-dev
+
+    - name: Run proxy tests (OpenSSL)
+      if: matrix.tls_backend == 'openssl'
+      run: cd test && make proxy
+      env:
+        COMPOSE_FILE: docker-compose.yml:docker-compose.ci.yml
+    - name: Run proxy tests (Mbed TLS)
+      if: matrix.tls_backend == 'mbedtls'
+      run: cd test && make proxy_mbedtls
+      env:
+        COMPOSE_FILE: docker-compose.yml:docker-compose.ci.yml

.gitignore

@@ -1,24 +1,73 @@
 tags
+AGENTS.md
+docs-src/pages/AGENTS.md
+plans/
+work/
 
+# Ignore executables (no extension) but not source files
 example/server
+!example/server.*
 example/client
+!example/client.*
 example/hello
+!example/hello.*
 example/simplecli
+!example/simplecli.*
 example/simplesvr
+!example/simplesvr.*
 example/benchmark
+!example/benchmark.*
 example/redirect
-example/sse*
+!example/redirect.*
+example/ssecli
+!example/ssecli.*
+example/ssecli-stream
+!example/ssecli-stream.*
+example/ssesvr
+!example/ssesvr.*
 example/upload
+!example/upload.*
+example/one_time_request
+!example/one_time_request.*
+example/server_and_client
+!example/server_and_client.*
+example/accept_header
+!example/accept_header.*
+example/wsecho
+!example/wsecho.*
 example/*.pem
+test/httplib.cc
+test/httplib.h
 test/test
+test/test_mbedtls
+test/test_wolfssl
+test/test_no_tls
+test/server_fuzzer
+test/client_fuzzer
+test/header_parser_fuzzer
+test/url_parser_fuzzer
 test/test_proxy
+test/test_proxy_mbedtls
+test/test_proxy_wolfssl
+test/test_split
+test/test_split_mbedtls
+test/test_split_wolfssl
+test/test_split_no_tls
+test/test_websocket_heartbeat
+test/test_thread_pool
+test/test_benchmark
 test/test.xcodeproj/xcuser*
 test/test.xcodeproj/*/xcuser*
+test/*.o
 test/*.pem
 test/*.srl
+test/*.log
+test/_build_*
+benchmark/server*
 
 *.swp
 
+build/
 Debug
 Release
 *.vcxproj.user
@@ -28,5 +77,7 @@ Release
 *.db
 ipch
 *.dSYM
+*.pyc
 .*
-!/.travis.yml
+!/.gitattributes
+!/.github

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+repos:
+  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-clang-format
+    rev: v18.1.8  # 最新バージョンを使用
+    hooks:
+      - id: clang-format
+        files: \.(cpp|cc|h)$
+        args: [-i]  # インプレースで修正

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,20 +1,32 @@
 #[[
 	Build options:
-	* BUILD_SHARED_LIBS (default off) builds as a shared library (if HTTPLIB_COMPILE is ON)
+	* Standard BUILD_SHARED_LIBS is supported and sets HTTPLIB_SHARED default value.
 	* HTTPLIB_USE_OPENSSL_IF_AVAILABLE (default on)
+	* HTTPLIB_USE_WOLFSSL_IF_AVAILABLE (default off)
+	* HTTPLIB_USE_MBEDTLS_IF_AVAILABLE (default off)
 	* HTTPLIB_USE_ZLIB_IF_AVAILABLE (default on)
-	* HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_OPENSSL (default off)
-	* HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_ZLIB (default off)
 	* HTTPLIB_USE_BROTLI_IF_AVAILABLE (default on)
+	* HTTPLIB_USE_ZSTD_IF_AVAILABLE (default on)
+	* HTTPLIB_BUILD_MODULES (default off)
+	* HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_OPENSSL (default off)
+	* HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_WOLFSSL (default off)
+	* HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_MBEDTLS (default off)
+	* HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_ZLIB (default off)
 	* HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_BROTLI (default off)
+	* HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_ZSTD (default off)
+	* HTTPLIB_DISABLE_MACOSX_AUTOMATIC_ROOT_CERTIFICATES (default off)
+	* HTTPLIB_USE_NON_BLOCKING_GETADDRINFO (default on)
 	* HTTPLIB_COMPILE (default off)
+	* HTTPLIB_INSTALL (default on)
+	* HTTPLIB_SHARED (default off) builds as a shared library (if HTTPLIB_COMPILE is ON)
+	* HTTPLIB_TEST (default off)
 	* BROTLI_USE_STATIC_LIBS - tells Cmake to use the static Brotli libs (only works if you have them installed).
 	* OPENSSL_USE_STATIC_LIBS - tells Cmake to use the static OpenSSL libs (only works if you have them installed).
 
 	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-	After installation with Cmake, a find_package(httplib) is available.
-	This creates a httplib::httplib target (if found).
+	After installation with Cmake, a find_package(httplib COMPONENTS OpenSSL wolfssl MbedTLS ZLIB Brotli zstd) is available.
+	This creates a httplib::httplib target (if found and if listed components are supported).
 	It can be linked like so:
 
 	target_link_libraries(your_exe httplib::httplib)
@@ -40,8 +52,13 @@
 	These variables are available after you run find_package(httplib)
 	* HTTPLIB_HEADER_PATH - this is the full path to the installed header (e.g. /usr/include/httplib.h).
 	* HTTPLIB_IS_USING_OPENSSL - a bool for if OpenSSL support is enabled.
+	* HTTPLIB_IS_USING_WOLFSSL - a bool for if wolfSSL support is enabled.
+	* HTTPLIB_IS_USING_MBEDTLS - a bool for if MbedTLS support is enabled.
 	* HTTPLIB_IS_USING_ZLIB - a bool for if ZLIB support is enabled.
 	* HTTPLIB_IS_USING_BROTLI - a bool for if Brotli support is enabled.
+	* HTTPLIB_IS_USING_ZSTD - a bool for if ZSTD support is enabled.
+	* HTTPLIB_IS_USING_MACOSX_AUTOMATIC_ROOT_CERTIFICATES - a bool for if support of loading system certs from the Apple Keychain is enabled.
+	* HTTPLIB_IS_USING_NON_BLOCKING_GETADDRINFO - a bool for if nonblocking getaddrinfo is enabled.
 	* HTTPLIB_IS_COMPILED - a bool for if the library is compiled, or otherwise header-only.
 	* HTTPLIB_INCLUDE_DIR - the root path to httplib's header (e.g. /usr/include).
 	* HTTPLIB_LIBRARY - the full path to the library if compiled (e.g. /usr/lib/libhttplib.so).
@@ -55,100 +72,203 @@
 
 	-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-	FindPython3 requires Cmake v3.12
 	ARCH_INDEPENDENT option of write_basic_package_version_file() requires Cmake v3.14
 ]]
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14.0 FATAL_ERROR)
 
-# On systems without Git installed, there were errors since execute_process seemed to not throw an error without it?
-find_package(Git QUIET)
-if(Git_FOUND)
-	# Gets the latest tag as a string like "v0.6.6"
-	# Can silently fail if git isn't on the system
-	execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} describe --tags --abbrev=0
-		WORKING_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}"
-		OUTPUT_VARIABLE _raw_version_string
-		ERROR_VARIABLE _git_tag_error
-	)
-endif()
+# Get the CPPHTTPLIB_VERSION value and use it as a version
+# This gets the string with the CPPHTTPLIB_VERSION value from the header.
+# This is so the maintainer doesn't actually need to update this manually.
+file(STRINGS httplib.h _raw_version_string REGEX "CPPHTTPLIB_VERSION \"([0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)\"")
 
-# execute_process can fail silenty, so check for an error
-# if there was an error, just use the user agent as a version
-if(_git_tag_error OR NOT Git_FOUND)
-	message(WARNING "cpp-httplib failed to find the latest Git tag, falling back to using user agent as the version.")
-	# Get the user agent and use it as a version
-	# This gets the string with the user agent from the header.
-	# This is so the maintainer doesn't actually need to update this manually.
-	file(STRINGS httplib.h _raw_version_string REGEX "User\-Agent.*cpp\-httplib/([0-9]+\.?)+")
-endif()
-# Needed since git tags have "v" prefixing them.
-# Also used if the fallback to user agent string is being used.
+# Extracts just the version string itself from the whole string contained in _raw_version_string
+# since _raw_version_string would contain the entire line of code where it found the version string
 string(REGEX MATCH "([0-9]+\\.?)+" _httplib_version "${_raw_version_string}")
 
-project(httplib VERSION ${_httplib_version} LANGUAGES CXX)
+project(httplib
+	VERSION ${_httplib_version}
+	LANGUAGES CXX
+	DESCRIPTION "A C++ header-only HTTP/HTTPS server and client library."
+	HOMEPAGE_URL "https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib"
+)
 
 # Change as needed to set an OpenSSL minimum version.
 # This is used in the installed Cmake config file.
-set(_HTTPLIB_OPENSSL_MIN_VER "1.1.1")
+set(_HTTPLIB_OPENSSL_MIN_VER "3.0.0")
 
+# Lets you disable C++ exception during CMake configure time.
+# The value is used in the install CMake config file.
+option(HTTPLIB_NO_EXCEPTIONS "Disable the use of C++ exceptions" OFF)
 # Allow for a build to require OpenSSL to pass, instead of just being optional
 option(HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_OPENSSL "Requires OpenSSL to be found & linked, or fails build." OFF)
+option(HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_WOLFSSL "Requires wolfSSL to be found & linked, or fails build." OFF)
+option(HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_MBEDTLS "Requires MbedTLS to be found & linked, or fails build." OFF)
 option(HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_ZLIB "Requires ZLIB to be found & linked, or fails build." OFF)
-# Allow for a build to casually enable OpenSSL/ZLIB support, but silenty continue if not found.
+# Allow for a build to casually enable OpenSSL/ZLIB support, but silently continue if not found.
 # Make these options so their automatic use can be specifically disabled (as needed)
 option(HTTPLIB_USE_OPENSSL_IF_AVAILABLE "Uses OpenSSL (if available) to enable HTTPS support." ON)
+option(HTTPLIB_USE_WOLFSSL_IF_AVAILABLE "Uses wolfSSL (if available) to enable HTTPS support." OFF)
+option(HTTPLIB_USE_MBEDTLS_IF_AVAILABLE "Uses MbedTLS (if available) to enable HTTPS support." OFF)
 option(HTTPLIB_USE_ZLIB_IF_AVAILABLE "Uses ZLIB (if available) to enable Zlib compression support." ON)
 # Lets you compile the program as a regular library instead of header-only
 option(HTTPLIB_COMPILE "If ON, uses a Python script to split the header into a compilable header & source file (requires Python v3)." OFF)
-# Just setting this variable here for people building in-tree
-if(HTTPLIB_COMPILE)
-	set(HTTPLIB_IS_COMPILED TRUE)
-endif()
-
+# Lets you disable the installation (useful when fetched from another CMake project)
+option(HTTPLIB_INSTALL "Enables the installation target" ON)
+option(HTTPLIB_TEST "Enables testing and builds tests" OFF)
 option(HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_BROTLI "Requires Brotli to be found & linked, or fails build." OFF)
 option(HTTPLIB_USE_BROTLI_IF_AVAILABLE "Uses Brotli (if available) to enable Brotli decompression support." ON)
-# Defaults to static library
-option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "Build the library as a shared library instead of static. Has no effect if using header-only." OFF)
-if (BUILD_SHARED_LIBS AND WIN32 AND HTTPLIB_COMPILE)
-	# Necessary for Windows if building shared libs
-	# See https://stackoverflow.com/a/40743080
-	set(CMAKE_WINDOWS_EXPORT_ALL_SYMBOLS ON)
+option(HTTPLIB_DISABLE_MACOSX_AUTOMATIC_ROOT_CERTIFICATES "Disable loading system certs from the Apple Keychain on macOS." OFF)
+option(HTTPLIB_USE_NON_BLOCKING_GETADDRINFO "Enables the non-blocking alternatives for getaddrinfo." ON)
+option(HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_ZSTD "Requires ZSTD to be found & linked, or fails build." OFF)
+option(HTTPLIB_USE_ZSTD_IF_AVAILABLE "Uses ZSTD (if available) to enable zstd support." ON)
+# C++20 modules support requires CMake 3.28 or later
+if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.28")
+	option(HTTPLIB_BUILD_MODULES "Build httplib modules (requires HTTPLIB_COMPILE to be ON)." OFF)
+else()
+	set(HTTPLIB_BUILD_MODULES OFF CACHE INTERNAL "Build httplib modules disabled (requires CMake 3.28+)" FORCE)
+	if(DEFINED CACHE{HTTPLIB_BUILD_MODULES} AND HTTPLIB_BUILD_MODULES)
+		message(WARNING "HTTPLIB_BUILD_MODULES requires CMake 3.28 or later. Current version is ${CMAKE_VERSION}. Modules support has been disabled.")
+	endif()
 endif()
 
+# Incompatibility between TLS libraries
+set(TLS_LIBRARIES_USED_TMP 0)
+
+foreach(tls_library OPENSSL WOLFSSL MBEDTLS)
+	set(TLS_REQUIRED ${HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_${tls_library}})
+	set(TLS_IF_AVAILABLE ${HTTPLIB_USE_${tls_library}_IF_AVAILABLE})
+
+	if(TLS_REQUIRED OR TLS_IF_AVAILABLE)
+		math(EXPR TLS_LIBRARIES_USED_TMP "${TLS_LIBRARIES_USED_TMP} + 1")
+	endif()
+endforeach()
+
+if(TLS_LIBRARIES_USED_TMP GREATER 1)
+	message(FATAL_ERROR "TLS libraries are mutually exclusive.")
+endif()
+
+# Defaults to static library but respects standard BUILD_SHARED_LIBS if set
+include(CMakeDependentOption)
+cmake_dependent_option(HTTPLIB_SHARED "Build the library as a shared library instead of static. Has no effect if using header-only."
+	"${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS}" HTTPLIB_COMPILE OFF
+)
+if(HTTPLIB_SHARED)
+	set(HTTPLIB_LIB_TYPE SHARED)
+	if(WIN32)
+		# Necessary for Windows if building shared libs
+		# See https://stackoverflow.com/a/40743080
+		set(CMAKE_WINDOWS_EXPORT_ALL_SYMBOLS ON)
+	endif()
+else()
+	set(HTTPLIB_LIB_TYPE STATIC)
+endif()
+
+if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "Windows")
+	if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION)
+		if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION} VERSION_LESS "10.0.0")
+			message(WARNING "Windows ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION} or lower is not supported. Please use Windows 10 or later.")
+		endif()
+	else()
+		set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION "10.0.19041.0")
+		message(WARNING "The target is Windows but CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION is not set, the default system version is set to Windows 10.")
+	endif()
+endif()
+
+# Set some variables that are used in-tree and while building based on our options
+set(HTTPLIB_IS_COMPILED ${HTTPLIB_COMPILE})
+set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_MACOSX_AUTOMATIC_ROOT_CERTIFICATES TRUE)
+if(HTTPLIB_DISABLE_MACOSX_AUTOMATIC_ROOT_CERTIFICATES)
+	set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_MACOSX_AUTOMATIC_ROOT_CERTIFICATES FALSE)
+endif()
+set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_NON_BLOCKING_GETADDRINFO ${HTTPLIB_USE_NON_BLOCKING_GETADDRINFO})
+
 # Threads needed for <thread> on some systems, and for <pthread.h> on Linux
+set(THREADS_PREFER_PTHREAD_FLAG TRUE)
 find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
 # Since Cmake v3.11, Crypto & SSL became optional when not specified as COMPONENTS.
 if(HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_OPENSSL)
 	find_package(OpenSSL ${_HTTPLIB_OPENSSL_MIN_VER} COMPONENTS Crypto SSL REQUIRED)
+	set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_OPENSSL TRUE)
 elseif(HTTPLIB_USE_OPENSSL_IF_AVAILABLE)
 	find_package(OpenSSL ${_HTTPLIB_OPENSSL_MIN_VER} COMPONENTS Crypto SSL QUIET)
+	# Avoid a rare circumstance of not finding all components but the end-user did their
+	# own call for OpenSSL, which might trick us into thinking we'd otherwise have what we wanted
+	if (TARGET OpenSSL::SSL AND TARGET OpenSSL::Crypto)
+		set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_OPENSSL ${OPENSSL_FOUND})
+	else()
+		set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_OPENSSL FALSE)
+	endif()
 endif()
-# Just setting this variable here for people building in-tree
-if(OPENSSL_FOUND)
-	set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_OPENSSL TRUE)
+
+if(HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_WOLFSSL)
+	find_package(wolfssl REQUIRED)
+	set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_WOLFSSL TRUE)
+elseif(HTTPLIB_USE_WOLFSSL_IF_AVAILABLE)
+	find_package(wolfssl QUIET)
+	set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_WOLFSSL ${wolfssl_FOUND})
+endif()
+
+if(HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_MBEDTLS)
+	find_package(MbedTLS REQUIRED)
+	set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_MBEDTLS TRUE)
+elseif(HTTPLIB_USE_MBEDTLS_IF_AVAILABLE)
+	find_package(MbedTLS QUIET)
+	set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_MBEDTLS ${MbedTLS_FOUND})
 endif()
 
 if(HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_ZLIB)
 	find_package(ZLIB REQUIRED)
+	set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_ZLIB TRUE)
 elseif(HTTPLIB_USE_ZLIB_IF_AVAILABLE)
 	find_package(ZLIB QUIET)
-endif()
-# Just setting this variable here for people building in-tree
-# FindZLIB doesn't have a ZLIB_FOUND variable, so check the target.
-if(TARGET ZLIB::ZLIB)
-	set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_ZLIB TRUE)
+	# FindZLIB doesn't have a ZLIB_FOUND variable, so check the target.
+	if(TARGET ZLIB::ZLIB)
+		set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_ZLIB TRUE)
+	endif()
 endif()
 
 # Adds our cmake folder to the search path for find_package
+# This is so we can use our custom FindBrotli.cmake
 list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake")
 if(HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_BROTLI)
 	find_package(Brotli COMPONENTS encoder decoder common REQUIRED)
+	set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_BROTLI TRUE)
 elseif(HTTPLIB_USE_BROTLI_IF_AVAILABLE)
 	find_package(Brotli COMPONENTS encoder decoder common QUIET)
+	set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_BROTLI ${Brotli_FOUND})
 endif()
-# Just setting this variable here for people building in-tree
-if(Brotli_FOUND)
-	set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_BROTLI TRUE)
+
+# NOTE:
+# zstd < 1.5.6 does not provide the CMake imported target `zstd::libzstd`.
+# Older versions must be consumed via their pkg-config file.
+if(HTTPLIB_REQUIRE_ZSTD)
+	if (NOT TARGET zstd::libzstd)
+		find_package(zstd 1.5.6 CONFIG)
+		if(NOT zstd_FOUND)
+			find_package(PkgConfig REQUIRED)
+			pkg_check_modules(zstd REQUIRED IMPORTED_TARGET libzstd)
+			add_library(zstd::libzstd ALIAS PkgConfig::zstd)
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_ZSTD TRUE)
+elseif(HTTPLIB_USE_ZSTD_IF_AVAILABLE)
+	if (TARGET zstd::libzstd)
+		set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_ZSTD TRUE)
+	else()
+		find_package(zstd 1.5.6 CONFIG QUIET)
+		if(NOT zstd_FOUND)
+			find_package(PkgConfig QUIET)
+			if(PKG_CONFIG_FOUND)
+				pkg_check_modules(zstd QUIET IMPORTED_TARGET libzstd)
+
+				if(TARGET PkgConfig::zstd)
+					add_library(zstd::libzstd ALIAS PkgConfig::zstd)
+				endif()
+			endif()
+		endif()
+		# Both find_package and PkgConf set a XXX_FOUND var
+		set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_ZSTD ${zstd_FOUND})
+	endif()
 endif()
 
 # Used for default, common dirs that the end-user can change (if needed)
@@ -176,18 +296,46 @@ if(HTTPLIB_COMPILE)
 		ERROR_VARIABLE _httplib_split_error
 	)
 	if(_httplib_split_error)
-		message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed when trying to split Cpp-httplib with the Python script.\n${_httplib_split_error}")
+		message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed when trying to split cpp-httplib with the Python script.\n${_httplib_split_error}")
+	endif()
+
+	# If building modules, also generate the module file
+	if(HTTPLIB_BUILD_MODULES)
+		# Put the generate_module script into the build dir
+		configure_file(generate_module.py "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/generate_module.py"
+			COPYONLY
+		)
+		# Generate the module file
+		execute_process(COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/generate_module.py"
+			WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+			ERROR_VARIABLE _httplib_module_error
+		)
+		if(_httplib_module_error)
+			message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed when trying to generate cpp-httplib module with the Python script.\n${_httplib_module_error}")
+		endif()
 	endif()
 
 	# split.py puts output in "out"
 	set(_httplib_build_includedir "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/out")
-	# This will automatically be either static or shared based on the value of BUILD_SHARED_LIBS
-	add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} "${_httplib_build_includedir}/httplib.cc")
+	add_library(${PROJECT_NAME} ${HTTPLIB_LIB_TYPE} "${_httplib_build_includedir}/httplib.cc")
 	target_sources(${PROJECT_NAME}
 		PUBLIC
 			$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${_httplib_build_includedir}/httplib.h>
 			$<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/httplib.h>
 	)
+
+	# Add C++20 module support if requested
+	# Include from separate file to prevent parse errors on older CMake versions
+	if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.28")
+		include(cmake/modules.cmake)
+	endif()
+
+	set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME}
+		PROPERTIES
+			VERSION ${${PROJECT_NAME}_VERSION}
+			SOVERSION "${${PROJECT_NAME}_VERSION_MAJOR}.${${PROJECT_NAME}_VERSION_MINOR}"
+			OUTPUT_NAME cpp-httplib
+	)
 else()
 	# This is for header-only.
 	set(_INTERFACE_OR_PUBLIC INTERFACE)
@@ -198,112 +346,125 @@ endif()
 # Only useful if building in-tree, versus using it from an installation.
 add_library(${PROJECT_NAME}::${PROJECT_NAME} ALIAS ${PROJECT_NAME})
 
-# Might be missing some, but this list is somewhat comprehensive
-target_compile_features(${PROJECT_NAME} ${_INTERFACE_OR_PUBLIC}
-	cxx_std_11
-	cxx_nullptr
-	cxx_lambdas
-	cxx_override
-	cxx_defaulted_functions
-	cxx_attribute_deprecated
-	cxx_auto_type
-	cxx_decltype
-	cxx_deleted_functions
-	cxx_range_for
-	cxx_sizeof_member
+# Require C++11, or C++20 if modules are enabled
+if(HTTPLIB_BUILD_MODULES)
+	target_compile_features(${PROJECT_NAME} ${_INTERFACE_OR_PUBLIC} cxx_std_20)
+else()
+	target_compile_features(${PROJECT_NAME} ${_INTERFACE_OR_PUBLIC} cxx_std_11)
+endif()
+
+target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} SYSTEM ${_INTERFACE_OR_PUBLIC}
+	$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${_httplib_build_includedir}>
+	$<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>
 )
 
-target_include_directories(${PROJECT_NAME} ${_INTERFACE_OR_PUBLIC}
-    $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${_httplib_build_includedir}>
-    $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}>
-)
-
-# Always require threads
 target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME} ${_INTERFACE_OR_PUBLIC}
+		# Always require threads
 		Threads::Threads
 		# Needed for Windows libs on Mingw, as the pragma comment(lib, "xyz") aren't triggered.
 		$<$<PLATFORM_ID:Windows>:ws2_32>
 		$<$<PLATFORM_ID:Windows>:crypt32>
-		$<$<PLATFORM_ID:Windows>:cryptui>
+		# Needed for API from MacOS Security framework
+		"$<$<AND:$<PLATFORM_ID:Darwin>,$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_IS_USING_OPENSSL}>,$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_IS_USING_MACOSX_AUTOMATIC_ROOT_CERTIFICATES}>>:-framework CFNetwork -framework CoreFoundation -framework Security>"
+		# Needed for non-blocking getaddrinfo on MacOS
+		"$<$<AND:$<PLATFORM_ID:Darwin>,$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_USE_NON_BLOCKING_GETADDRINFO}>>:-framework CFNetwork -framework CoreFoundation>"
 		# Can't put multiple targets in a single generator expression or it bugs out.
 		$<$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_IS_USING_BROTLI}>:Brotli::common>
 		$<$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_IS_USING_BROTLI}>:Brotli::encoder>
 		$<$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_IS_USING_BROTLI}>:Brotli::decoder>
 		$<$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_IS_USING_ZLIB}>:ZLIB::ZLIB>
+		$<$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_IS_USING_ZSTD}>:zstd::libzstd>
 		$<$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_IS_USING_OPENSSL}>:OpenSSL::SSL>
 		$<$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_IS_USING_OPENSSL}>:OpenSSL::Crypto>
+		$<$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_IS_USING_WOLFSSL}>:wolfssl::wolfssl>
+		$<$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_IS_USING_MBEDTLS}>:MbedTLS::mbedtls>
 )
 
 # Set the definitions to enable optional features
 target_compile_definitions(${PROJECT_NAME} ${_INTERFACE_OR_PUBLIC}
+	$<$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_NO_EXCEPTIONS}>:CPPHTTPLIB_NO_EXCEPTIONS>
 	$<$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_IS_USING_BROTLI}>:CPPHTTPLIB_BROTLI_SUPPORT>
 	$<$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_IS_USING_ZLIB}>:CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT>
+	$<$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_IS_USING_ZSTD}>:CPPHTTPLIB_ZSTD_SUPPORT>
 	$<$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_IS_USING_OPENSSL}>:CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT>
+	$<$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_IS_USING_WOLFSSL}>:CPPHTTPLIB_WOLFSSL_SUPPORT>
+	$<$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_IS_USING_MBEDTLS}>:CPPHTTPLIB_MBEDTLS_SUPPORT>
+	$<$<AND:$<PLATFORM_ID:Darwin>,$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_DISABLE_MACOSX_AUTOMATIC_ROOT_CERTIFICATES}>>:CPPHTTPLIB_DISABLE_MACOSX_AUTOMATIC_ROOT_CERTIFICATES>
+	$<$<BOOL:${HTTPLIB_USE_NON_BLOCKING_GETADDRINFO}>:CPPHTTPLIB_USE_NON_BLOCKING_GETADDRINFO>
 )
 
-# Cmake's find_package search path is different based on the system
-# See https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/command/find_package.html for the list
-if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Windows")
-	set(_TARGET_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME}")
-else()
-	# On Non-Windows, it should be /usr/lib/cmake/<name>/<name>Config.cmake
-	# NOTE: This may or may not work for macOS...
-	set(_TARGET_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME}")
-endif()
+# CMake configuration files installation directory
+set(_TARGET_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/${PROJECT_NAME}")
 
 include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
 
 # Configures the meta-file httplibConfig.cmake.in to replace variables with paths/values/etc.
-configure_package_config_file("${PROJECT_NAME}Config.cmake.in"
+configure_package_config_file("cmake/${PROJECT_NAME}Config.cmake.in"
 	"${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}Config.cmake"
 	INSTALL_DESTINATION "${_TARGET_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR}"
 	# Passes the includedir install path
 	PATH_VARS CMAKE_INSTALL_FULL_INCLUDEDIR
-	# There aren't any components, so don't use the macro
-	NO_CHECK_REQUIRED_COMPONENTS_MACRO
 )
 
 if(HTTPLIB_COMPILE)
 	write_basic_package_version_file("${PROJECT_NAME}ConfigVersion.cmake"
 		# Example: if you find_package(httplib 0.5.4)
-		# then anything >= 0.5 and <= 1.0 is accepted
-		COMPATIBILITY SameMajorVersion
+		# then anything >= 0.5.4 and < 0.6 is accepted
+		COMPATIBILITY SameMinorVersion
 	)
 else()
 	write_basic_package_version_file("${PROJECT_NAME}ConfigVersion.cmake"
 		# Example: if you find_package(httplib 0.5.4)
-		# then anything >= 0.5 and <= 1.0 is accepted
-		COMPATIBILITY SameMajorVersion
+		# then anything >= 0.5.4 and < 0.6 is accepted
+		COMPATIBILITY SameMinorVersion
 		# Tells Cmake that it's a header-only lib
 		# Mildly useful for end-users :)
 		ARCH_INDEPENDENT
 	)
 endif()
 
-# Creates the export httplibTargets.cmake
-# This is strictly what holds compilation requirements
-# and linkage information (doesn't find deps though).
-install(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME}
-	EXPORT httplibTargets
-	LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
-	ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
-)
+if(HTTPLIB_INSTALL)
+	# Creates the export httplibTargets.cmake
+	# This is strictly what holds compilation requirements
+	# and linkage information (doesn't find deps though).
+	if(HTTPLIB_BUILD_MODULES)
+		install(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME} EXPORT httplibTargets FILE_SET CXX_MODULES DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/httplib/modules CXX_MODULES_BMI DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/httplib/modules)
+	else()
+		install(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME} EXPORT httplibTargets)
+	endif()
 
-install(FILES "${_httplib_build_includedir}/httplib.h" DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR})
+	install(FILES "${_httplib_build_includedir}/httplib.h" TYPE INCLUDE)
 
-install(FILES
+	install(FILES
 		"${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}Config.cmake"
 		"${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${PROJECT_NAME}ConfigVersion.cmake"
 		# Install it so it can be used later by the httplibConfig.cmake file.
 		# Put it in the same dir as our config file instead of a global path so we don't potentially stomp on other packages.
 		"${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/FindBrotli.cmake"
-	DESTINATION ${_TARGET_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR}
-)
+		DESTINATION ${_TARGET_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR}
+	)
 
-# NOTE: This path changes depending on if it's on Windows or Linux
-install(EXPORT httplibTargets
-	# Puts the targets into the httplib namespace
-	# So this makes httplib::httplib linkable after doing find_package(httplib)
-	NAMESPACE ${PROJECT_NAME}::
-	DESTINATION ${_TARGET_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR}
-)
+	# NOTE: This path changes depending on if it's on Windows or Linux
+	install(EXPORT httplibTargets
+		# Puts the targets into the httplib namespace
+		# So this makes httplib::httplib linkable after doing find_package(httplib)
+		NAMESPACE ${PROJECT_NAME}::
+		DESTINATION ${_TARGET_INSTALL_CMAKEDIR}
+	)
+
+	# Install documentation & license
+	# ex: /usr/share/doc/httplib/README.md and /usr/share/licenses/httplib/LICENSE
+	install(FILES "README.md" DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_DOCDIR}")
+	install(FILES "LICENSE" DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_DATADIR}/licenses/${PROJECT_NAME}")
+
+	include(CPack)
+endif()
+
+if(HTTPLIB_BUILD_MODULES AND NOT HTTPLIB_COMPILE)
+	message(FATAL_ERROR "HTTPLIB_BUILD_MODULES requires HTTPLIB_COMPILE to be ON.")
+endif()
+
+if(HTTPLIB_TEST)
+	include(CTest)
+	add_subdirectory(test)
+endif()

Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+FROM yhirose4dockerhub/ubuntu-builder AS builder
+WORKDIR /build
+COPY httplib.h .
+COPY docker/main.cc .
+RUN g++ -std=c++23 -static -o server -O2 -I. main.cc && strip server
+
+FROM scratch
+COPY --from=builder /build/server /server
+COPY docker/html/index.html /html/index.html
+EXPOSE 80
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["/server"]
+CMD ["--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80", "--mount", "/:./html"]

README-sse.md

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+# SSEClient - Server-Sent Events Client
+
+A simple, EventSource-like SSE client for C++11.
+
+## Features
+
+- **Auto-reconnect**: Automatically reconnects on connection loss
+- **Last-Event-ID**: Sends last received ID on reconnect for resumption
+- **retry field**: Respects server's reconnect interval
+- **Event types**: Supports custom event types via `on_event()`
+- **Async support**: Run in background thread with `start_async()`
+- **C++11 compatible**: No C++14/17/20 features required
+
+## Quick Start
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
+httplib::sse::SSEClient sse(cli, "/events");
+
+sse.on_message([](const httplib::sse::SSEMessage &msg) {
+    std::cout << "Event: " << msg.event << std::endl;
+    std::cout << "Data: " << msg.data << std::endl;
+});
+
+sse.start();  // Blocking, with auto-reconnect
+```
+
+## API Reference
+
+### SSEMessage
+
+```cpp
+struct SSEMessage {
+    std::string event;  // Event type (default: "message")
+    std::string data;   // Event payload
+    std::string id;     // Event ID
+};
+```
+
+### SSEClient
+
+#### Constructor
+
+```cpp
+// Basic
+SSEClient(Client &client, const std::string &path);
+
+// With custom headers
+SSEClient(Client &client, const std::string &path, const Headers &headers);
+```
+
+#### Event Handlers
+
+```cpp
+// Called for all events (or events without a specific handler)
+sse.on_message([](const SSEMessage &msg) { });
+
+// Called for specific event types
+sse.on_event("update", [](const SSEMessage &msg) { });
+sse.on_event("delete", [](const SSEMessage &msg) { });
+
+// Called when connection is established
+sse.on_open([]() { });
+
+// Called on connection errors
+sse.on_error([](httplib::Error err) { });
+```
+
+#### Configuration
+
+```cpp
+// Set reconnect interval (default: 3000ms)
+sse.set_reconnect_interval(5000);
+
+// Set max reconnect attempts (default: 0 = unlimited)
+sse.set_max_reconnect_attempts(10);
+
+// Update headers at any time (thread-safe)
+sse.set_headers({{"Authorization", "Bearer new_token"}});
+```
+
+#### Control
+
+```cpp
+// Blocking start with auto-reconnect
+sse.start();
+
+// Non-blocking start (runs in background thread)
+sse.start_async();
+
+// Stop the client (thread-safe)
+sse.stop();
+```
+
+#### State
+
+```cpp
+bool connected = sse.is_connected();
+const std::string &id = sse.last_event_id();
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+### Basic Usage
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
+httplib::sse::SSEClient sse(cli, "/events");
+
+sse.on_message([](const httplib::sse::SSEMessage &msg) {
+    std::cout << msg.data << std::endl;
+});
+
+sse.start();
+```
+
+### With Custom Event Types
+
+```cpp
+httplib::sse::SSEClient sse(cli, "/events");
+
+sse.on_event("notification", [](const httplib::sse::SSEMessage &msg) {
+    std::cout << "Notification: " << msg.data << std::endl;
+});
+
+sse.on_event("update", [](const httplib::sse::SSEMessage &msg) {
+    std::cout << "Update: " << msg.data << std::endl;
+});
+
+sse.start();
+```
+
+### Async with Stop
+
+```cpp
+httplib::sse::SSEClient sse(cli, "/events");
+
+sse.on_message([](const httplib::sse::SSEMessage &msg) {
+    std::cout << msg.data << std::endl;
+});
+
+sse.start_async();  // Returns immediately
+
+// ... do other work ...
+
+sse.stop();  // Stop when done
+```
+
+### With Custom Headers (e.g., Authentication)
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Headers headers = {
+    {"Authorization", "Bearer token123"}
+};
+
+httplib::sse::SSEClient sse(cli, "/events", headers);
+sse.start();
+```
+
+### Refreshing Auth Token on Reconnect
+
+```cpp
+httplib::sse::SSEClient sse(cli, "/events",
+    {{"Authorization", "Bearer " + get_token()}});
+
+// Preemptively refresh token on each successful connection
+sse.on_open([&sse]() {
+    sse.set_headers({{"Authorization", "Bearer " + get_token()}});
+});
+
+// Or reactively refresh on auth failure (401 triggers reconnect)
+sse.on_error([&sse](httplib::Error) {
+    sse.set_headers({{"Authorization", "Bearer " + refresh_token()}});
+});
+
+sse.start();
+```
+
+### Error Handling
+
+```cpp
+sse.on_error([](httplib::Error err) {
+    std::cerr << "Error: " << httplib::to_string(err) << std::endl;
+});
+
+sse.set_reconnect_interval(1000);
+sse.set_max_reconnect_attempts(5);
+
+sse.start();
+```
+
+## SSE Protocol
+
+The client parses SSE format according to the [W3C specification](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/server-sent-events.html):
+
+```
+event: custom-type
+id: 123
+data: {"message": "hello"}
+
+data: simple message
+
+: this is a comment (ignored)
+```

README-stream.md

@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+# cpp-httplib Streaming API
+
+This document describes the streaming extensions for cpp-httplib, providing an iterator-style API for handling HTTP responses incrementally with **true socket-level streaming**.
+
+> **Important Notes**:
+>
+> - **No Keep-Alive**: Each `stream::Get()` call uses a dedicated connection that is closed after the response is fully read. For connection reuse, use `Client::Get()`.
+> - **Single iteration only**: The `next()` method can only iterate through the body once.
+> - **Result is not thread-safe**: While `stream::Get()` can be called from multiple threads simultaneously, the returned `stream::Result` must be used from a single thread only.
+
+## Overview
+
+The streaming API allows you to process HTTP response bodies chunk by chunk using an iterator-style pattern. Data is read directly from the network socket, enabling low-memory processing of large responses. This is particularly useful for:
+
+- **LLM/AI streaming responses** (e.g., ChatGPT, Claude, Ollama)
+- **Server-Sent Events (SSE)**
+- **Large file downloads** with progress tracking
+- **Reverse proxy implementations**
+
+## Quick Start
+
+```cpp
+#include "httplib.h"
+
+int main() {
+    httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
+    
+    // Get streaming response
+    auto result = httplib::stream::Get(cli, "/stream");
+    
+    if (result) {
+        // Process response body in chunks
+        while (result.next()) {
+            std::cout.write(result.data(), result.size());
+        }
+    }
+    
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+## API Layers
+
+cpp-httplib provides multiple API layers for different use cases:
+
+```text
+┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│  SSEClient                        │  ← SSE-specific, parsed events
+│  - on_message(), on_event()                 │
+│  - Auto-reconnect, Last-Event-ID            │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│  stream::Get() / stream::Result             │  ← Iterator-based streaming
+│  - while (result.next()) { ... }            │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│  open_stream() / StreamHandle               │  ← General-purpose streaming
+│  - handle.read(buf, len)                    │
+├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│  Client::Get()                              │  ← Traditional, full buffering
+└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+| Use Case | Recommended API |
+|----------|----------------|
+| SSE with auto-reconnect | `SSEClient` (see [README-sse.md](README-sse.md)) |
+| LLM streaming (JSON Lines) | `stream::Get()` |
+| Large file download | `stream::Get()` or `open_stream()` |
+| Reverse proxy | `open_stream()` |
+| Small responses with Keep-Alive | `Client::Get()` |
+
+## API Reference
+
+### Low-Level API: `StreamHandle`
+
+The `StreamHandle` struct provides direct control over streaming responses. It takes ownership of the socket connection and reads data directly from the network.
+
+> **Note:** When using `open_stream()`, the connection is dedicated to streaming and **Keep-Alive is not supported**. For Keep-Alive connections, use `client.Get()` instead.
+
+```cpp
+// Open a stream (takes ownership of socket)
+httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
+auto handle = cli.open_stream("GET", "/path");
+
+// Check validity
+if (handle.is_valid()) {
+    // Access response headers immediately
+    int status = handle.response->status;
+    auto content_type = handle.response->get_header_value("Content-Type");
+    
+    // Read body incrementally
+    char buf[4096];
+    ssize_t n;
+    while ((n = handle.read(buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {
+        process(buf, n);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+#### StreamHandle Members
+
+| Member | Type | Description |
+|--------|------|-------------|
+| `response` | `std::unique_ptr<Response>` | HTTP response with headers |
+| `error` | `Error` | Error code if request failed |
+| `is_valid()` | `bool` | Returns true if response is valid |
+| `read(buf, len)` | `ssize_t` | Read up to `len` bytes directly from socket |
+| `get_read_error()` | `Error` | Get the last read error |
+| `has_read_error()` | `bool` | Check if a read error occurred |
+
+### High-Level API: `stream::Get()` and `stream::Result`
+
+The `httplib.h` header provides a more ergonomic iterator-style API.
+
+```cpp
+#include "httplib.h"
+
+httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
+cli.set_follow_location(true);
+...
+
+// Simple GET
+auto result = httplib::stream::Get(cli, "/path");
+
+// GET with custom headers
+httplib::Headers headers = {{"Authorization", "Bearer token"}};
+auto result = httplib::stream::Get(cli, "/path", headers);
+
+// Process the response
+if (result) {
+    while (result.next()) {
+        process(result.data(), result.size());
+    }
+}
+
+// Or read entire body at once
+auto result2 = httplib::stream::Get(cli, "/path");
+if (result2) {
+    std::string body = result2.read_all();
+}
+```
+
+#### stream::Result Members
+
+| Member | Type | Description |
+|--------|------|-------------|
+| `operator bool()` | `bool` | Returns true if response is valid |
+| `is_valid()` | `bool` | Same as `operator bool()` |
+| `status()` | `int` | HTTP status code |
+| `headers()` | `const Headers&` | Response headers |
+| `get_header_value(key, def)` | `std::string` | Get header value (with optional default) |
+| `has_header(key)` | `bool` | Check if header exists |
+| `next()` | `bool` | Read next chunk, returns false when done |
+| `data()` | `const char*` | Pointer to current chunk data |
+| `size()` | `size_t` | Size of current chunk |
+| `read_all()` | `std::string` | Read entire remaining body into string |
+| `error()` | `Error` | Get the connection/request error |
+| `read_error()` | `Error` | Get the last read error |
+| `has_read_error()` | `bool` | Check if a read error occurred |
+
+## Usage Examples
+
+### Example 1: SSE (Server-Sent Events) Client
+
+```cpp
+#include "httplib.h"
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main() {
+    httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:1234");
+    
+    auto result = httplib::stream::Get(cli, "/events");
+    if (!result) { return 1; }
+    
+    while (result.next()) {
+        std::cout.write(result.data(), result.size());
+        std::cout.flush();
+    }
+    
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+For a complete SSE client with auto-reconnection and event parsing, see `example/ssecli-stream.cc`.
+
+### Example 2: LLM Streaming Response
+
+```cpp
+#include "httplib.h"
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main() {
+    httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:11434");  // Ollama
+    
+    auto result = httplib::stream::Get(cli, "/api/generate");
+    
+    if (result && result.status() == 200) {
+        while (result.next()) {
+            std::cout.write(result.data(), result.size());
+            std::cout.flush();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    // Check for connection errors
+    if (result.read_error() != httplib::Error::Success) {
+        std::cerr << "Connection lost\n";
+    }
+    
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+### Example 3: Large File Download with Progress
+
+```cpp
+#include "httplib.h"
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main() {
+    httplib::Client cli("http://example.com");
+    auto result = httplib::stream::Get(cli, "/large-file.zip");
+    
+    if (!result || result.status() != 200) {
+        std::cerr << "Download failed\n";
+        return 1;
+    }
+    
+    std::ofstream file("download.zip", std::ios::binary);
+    size_t total = 0;
+    
+    while (result.next()) {
+        file.write(result.data(), result.size());
+        total += result.size();
+        std::cout << "\rDownloaded: " << (total / 1024) << " KB" << std::flush;
+    }
+    
+    std::cout << "\nComplete!\n";
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+### Example 4: Reverse Proxy Streaming
+
+```cpp
+#include "httplib.h"
+
+httplib::Server svr;
+
+svr.Get("/proxy/(.*)", [](const httplib::Request& req, httplib::Response& res) {
+    httplib::Client upstream("http://backend:8080");
+    auto handle = upstream.open_stream("/" + req.matches[1].str());
+    
+    if (!handle.is_valid()) {
+        res.status = 502;
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    res.status = handle.response->status;
+    res.set_chunked_content_provider(
+        handle.response->get_header_value("Content-Type"),
+        [handle = std::move(handle)](size_t, httplib::DataSink& sink) mutable {
+            char buf[8192];
+            auto n = handle.read(buf, sizeof(buf));
+            if (n > 0) {
+                sink.write(buf, static_cast<size_t>(n));
+                return true;
+            }
+            sink.done();
+            return true;
+        }
+    );
+});
+
+svr.listen("0.0.0.0", 3000);
+```
+
+## Comparison with Existing APIs
+
+| Feature | `Client::Get()` | `open_stream()` | `stream::Get()` |
+|---------|----------------|-----------------|----------------|
+| Headers available | After complete | Immediately | Immediately |
+| Body reading | All at once | Direct from socket | Iterator-based |
+| Memory usage | Full body in RAM | Minimal (controlled) | Minimal (controlled) |
+| Keep-Alive support | ✅ Yes | ❌ No | ❌ No |
+| Compression | Auto-handled | Auto-handled | Auto-handled |
+| Best for | Small responses, Keep-Alive | Low-level streaming | Easy streaming |
+
+## Features
+
+- **True socket-level streaming**: Data is read directly from the network socket
+- **Low memory footprint**: Only the current chunk is held in memory
+- **Compression support**: Automatic decompression for gzip, brotli, and zstd
+- **Chunked transfer**: Full support for chunked transfer encoding
+- **SSL/TLS support**: Works with HTTPS connections
+
+## Important Notes
+
+### Keep-Alive Behavior
+
+The streaming API (`stream::Get()` / `open_stream()`) takes ownership of the socket connection for the duration of the stream. This means:
+
+- **Keep-Alive is not supported** for streaming connections
+- The socket is closed when `StreamHandle` is destroyed
+- For Keep-Alive scenarios, use the standard `client.Get()` API instead
+
+```cpp
+// Use for streaming (no Keep-Alive)
+auto result = httplib::stream::Get(cli, "/large-stream");
+while (result.next()) { /* ... */ }
+
+// Use for Keep-Alive connections
+auto res = cli.Get("/api/data");  // Connection can be reused
+```
+
+## Related
+
+- [Issue #2269](https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/issues/2269) - Original feature request
+- [example/ssecli-stream.cc](./example/ssecli-stream.cc) - SSE client with auto-reconnection

README-websocket.md

@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+# WebSocket - RFC 6455 WebSocket Support
+
+A simple, blocking WebSocket implementation for C++11.
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> This is a blocking I/O WebSocket implementation using a thread-per-connection model (plus one heartbeat thread per connection). It is intended for small- to mid-scale workloads; handling large numbers of simultaneous WebSocket connections is outside the design target of this library. If you need high-concurrency WebSocket support with non-blocking/async I/O (e.g., thousands of simultaneous connections), this is not the one that you want.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> WebSocket extensions (`permessage-deflate` and others defined by RFC 6455) are **not supported**. If a client proposes an extension via `Sec-WebSocket-Extensions`, the server silently declines it — the negotiated connection always runs without extensions.
+
+## Features
+
+- **RFC 6455 compliant**: Full WebSocket protocol support (extensions are not implemented)
+- **Server and Client**: Both sides included
+- **SSL/TLS support**: `wss://` scheme for secure connections
+- **Text and Binary**: Both message types supported
+- **Automatic heartbeat**: Periodic Ping/Pong keeps connections alive
+- **Unresponsive-peer detection**: Opt-in liveness check via `set_websocket_max_missed_pongs()`
+- **Subprotocol negotiation**: `Sec-WebSocket-Protocol` support for GraphQL, MQTT, etc.
+
+## Quick Start
+
+### Server
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Server svr;
+
+svr.WebSocket("/ws", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::ws::WebSocket &ws) {
+    std::string msg;
+    while (ws.read(msg)) {
+        ws.send("echo: " + msg);
+    }
+});
+
+svr.listen("localhost", 8080);
+```
+
+### Client
+
+```cpp
+httplib::ws::WebSocketClient ws("ws://localhost:8080/ws");
+
+if (ws.connect()) {
+    ws.send("hello");
+
+    std::string msg;
+    if (ws.read(msg)) {
+        std::cout << msg << std::endl;  // "echo: hello"
+    }
+    ws.close();
+}
+```
+
+## API Reference
+
+### ReadResult
+
+```cpp
+enum ReadResult : int {
+    Fail   = 0,  // Connection closed or error
+    Text   = 1,  // UTF-8 text message
+    Binary = 2,  // Binary message
+};
+```
+
+Returned by `read()`. Since `Fail` is `0`, the result works naturally in boolean contexts — `while (ws.read(msg))` continues until the connection closes. When you need to distinguish text from binary, check the return value directly.
+
+### CloseStatus
+
+```cpp
+enum class CloseStatus : uint16_t {
+    Normal = 1000,
+    GoingAway = 1001,
+    ProtocolError = 1002,
+    UnsupportedData = 1003,
+    NoStatus = 1005,
+    Abnormal = 1006,
+    InvalidPayload = 1007,
+    PolicyViolation = 1008,
+    MessageTooBig = 1009,
+    MandatoryExtension = 1010,
+    InternalError = 1011,
+};
+```
+
+### Server Registration
+
+```cpp
+// Basic handler
+Server &WebSocket(const std::string &pattern, WebSocketHandler handler);
+
+// With subprotocol negotiation
+Server &WebSocket(const std::string &pattern, WebSocketHandler handler,
+                  SubProtocolSelector sub_protocol_selector);
+```
+
+**Type aliases:**
+
+```cpp
+using WebSocketHandler =
+    std::function<void(const Request &, ws::WebSocket &)>;
+using SubProtocolSelector =
+    std::function<std::string(const std::vector<std::string> &protocols)>;
+```
+
+The `SubProtocolSelector` receives the list of subprotocols proposed by the client (from the `Sec-WebSocket-Protocol` header) and returns the selected one. Return an empty string to decline all proposed subprotocols.
+
+### WebSocket (Server-side)
+
+Passed to the handler registered with `Server::WebSocket()`. The handler runs in a dedicated thread per connection.
+
+```cpp
+// Read next message (blocks until received, returns Fail/Text/Binary)
+ReadResult read(std::string &msg);
+
+// Send messages
+bool send(const std::string &data);              // Text
+bool send(const char *data, size_t len);          // Binary
+
+// Close the connection
+void close(CloseStatus status = CloseStatus::Normal,
+           const std::string &reason = "");
+
+// Access the original HTTP upgrade request
+const Request &request() const;
+
+// Check if the connection is still open
+bool is_open() const;
+```
+
+### WebSocketClient
+
+```cpp
+// Constructor - accepts ws:// or wss:// URL
+explicit WebSocketClient(const std::string &scheme_host_port_path,
+                         const Headers &headers = {});
+
+// Check if the URL was parsed successfully
+bool is_valid() const;
+
+// Connect (performs HTTP upgrade handshake)
+bool connect();
+
+// Get the subprotocol selected by the server (empty if none)
+const std::string &subprotocol() const;
+
+// Read/Send/Close (same as server-side WebSocket)
+ReadResult read(std::string &msg);
+bool send(const std::string &data);
+bool send(const char *data, size_t len);
+void close(CloseStatus status = CloseStatus::Normal,
+           const std::string &reason = "");
+bool is_open() const;
+
+// Timeouts
+void set_read_timeout(time_t sec, time_t usec = 0);
+void set_write_timeout(time_t sec, time_t usec = 0);
+
+// SSL configuration (wss:// only, requires CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT)
+void set_ca_cert_path(const std::string &path);
+void set_ca_cert_store(tls::ca_store_t store);
+void enable_server_certificate_verification(bool enabled);
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+### Echo Server with Connection Logging
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Server svr;
+
+svr.WebSocket("/ws", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::ws::WebSocket &ws) {
+    std::cout << "Connected from " << req.remote_addr << std::endl;
+
+    std::string msg;
+    while (ws.read(msg)) {
+        ws.send("echo: " + msg);
+    }
+
+    std::cout << "Disconnected" << std::endl;
+});
+
+svr.listen("localhost", 8080);
+```
+
+### Client: Continuous Read Loop
+
+```cpp
+httplib::ws::WebSocketClient ws("ws://localhost:8080/ws");
+
+if (ws.connect()) {
+    ws.send("hello");
+    ws.send("world");
+
+    std::string msg;
+    while (ws.read(msg)) {           // blocks until a message arrives
+        std::cout << msg << std::endl; // "echo: hello", "echo: world"
+    }
+    // read() returns false when the server closes the connection
+}
+```
+
+### Text and Binary Messages
+
+Check the `ReadResult` return value to distinguish between text and binary:
+
+```cpp
+// Server
+svr.WebSocket("/ws", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::ws::WebSocket &ws) {
+    std::string msg;
+    httplib::ws::ReadResult ret;
+    while ((ret = ws.read(msg))) {
+        if (ret == httplib::ws::Text) {
+            ws.send("echo: " + msg);
+        } else {
+            ws.send(msg.data(), msg.size());  // Binary echo
+        }
+    }
+});
+
+// Client
+httplib::ws::WebSocketClient ws("ws://localhost:8080/ws");
+if (ws.connect()) {
+    // Send binary data
+    const char binary[] = {0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03};
+    ws.send(binary, sizeof(binary));
+
+    // Receive and check the type
+    std::string msg;
+    if (ws.read(msg) == httplib::ws::Binary) {
+        // Process binary data in msg
+    }
+    ws.close();
+}
+```
+
+### SSL Client
+
+```cpp
+httplib::ws::WebSocketClient ws("wss://echo.example.com/ws");
+
+if (ws.connect()) {
+    ws.send("hello over TLS");
+
+    std::string msg;
+    if (ws.read(msg)) {
+        std::cout << msg << std::endl;
+    }
+    ws.close();
+}
+```
+
+### Close with Status
+
+```cpp
+// Client-side: close with a specific status code and reason
+ws.close(httplib::ws::CloseStatus::GoingAway, "shutting down");
+
+// Server-side: close with a policy violation status
+ws.close(httplib::ws::CloseStatus::PolicyViolation, "forbidden");
+```
+
+### Accessing the Upgrade Request
+
+```cpp
+svr.WebSocket("/ws", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::ws::WebSocket &ws) {
+    // Access headers from the original HTTP upgrade request
+    auto auth = req.get_header_value("Authorization");
+    if (auth.empty()) {
+        ws.close(httplib::ws::CloseStatus::PolicyViolation, "unauthorized");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::string msg;
+    while (ws.read(msg)) {
+        ws.send("echo: " + msg);
+    }
+});
+```
+
+### Custom Headers and Timeouts
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Headers headers = {
+    {"Authorization", "Bearer token123"}
+};
+
+httplib::ws::WebSocketClient ws("ws://localhost:8080/ws", headers);
+ws.set_read_timeout(30, 0);   // 30 seconds
+ws.set_write_timeout(10, 0);  // 10 seconds
+
+if (ws.connect()) {
+    std::string msg;
+    while (ws.read(msg)) {
+        std::cout << msg << std::endl;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Subprotocol Negotiation
+
+The server can negotiate a subprotocol with the client using `Sec-WebSocket-Protocol`. This is required for protocols like GraphQL over WebSocket (`graphql-ws`) and MQTT.
+
+```cpp
+// Server: register a handler with a subprotocol selector
+svr.WebSocket(
+    "/ws",
+    [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::ws::WebSocket &ws) {
+        std::string msg;
+        while (ws.read(msg)) {
+            ws.send("echo: " + msg);
+        }
+    },
+    [](const std::vector<std::string> &protocols) -> std::string {
+        // The client proposed a list of subprotocols; pick one
+        for (const auto &p : protocols) {
+            if (p == "graphql-ws" || p == "graphql-transport-ws") {
+                return p;
+            }
+        }
+        return "";  // Decline all
+    });
+
+// Client: propose subprotocols via Sec-WebSocket-Protocol header
+httplib::Headers headers = {
+    {"Sec-WebSocket-Protocol", "graphql-ws, graphql-transport-ws"}
+};
+httplib::ws::WebSocketClient ws("ws://localhost:8080/ws", headers);
+
+if (ws.connect()) {
+    // Check which subprotocol the server selected
+    std::cout << "Subprotocol: " << ws.subprotocol() << std::endl;
+    // => "graphql-ws"
+    ws.close();
+}
+```
+
+### SSL Client with Certificate Configuration
+
+```cpp
+httplib::ws::WebSocketClient ws("wss://example.com/ws");
+ws.set_ca_cert_path("/path/to/ca-bundle.crt");
+ws.enable_server_certificate_verification(true);
+
+if (ws.connect()) {
+    ws.send("secure message");
+    ws.close();
+}
+```
+
+## Configuration
+
+| Macro                                       | Default           | Description                                              |
+|---------------------------------------------|-------------------|----------------------------------------------------------|
+| `CPPHTTPLIB_WEBSOCKET_MAX_PAYLOAD_LENGTH`   | `16777216` (16MB) | Maximum payload size per message                         |
+| `CPPHTTPLIB_WEBSOCKET_READ_TIMEOUT_SECOND`  | `300`             | Read timeout for WebSocket connections (seconds)         |
+| `CPPHTTPLIB_WEBSOCKET_CLOSE_TIMEOUT_SECOND` | `5`               | Timeout for waiting peer's Close response (seconds)      |
+| `CPPHTTPLIB_WEBSOCKET_PING_INTERVAL_SECOND` | `30`              | Automatic Ping interval for heartbeat (seconds)          |
+| `CPPHTTPLIB_WEBSOCKET_MAX_MISSED_PONGS`     | `0` (disabled)    | Close the connection after N consecutive unacked pings   |
+
+### Runtime Ping Interval
+
+You can override the ping interval at runtime instead of changing the compile-time macro. Set it to `0` to disable automatic pings entirely.
+
+```cpp
+// Server side
+httplib::Server svr;
+svr.set_websocket_ping_interval(10);  // 10 seconds
+
+// Or using std::chrono
+svr.set_websocket_ping_interval(std::chrono::seconds(10));
+
+// Client side
+httplib::ws::WebSocketClient ws("ws://localhost:8080/ws");
+ws.set_websocket_ping_interval(10);  // 10 seconds
+
+// Disable automatic pings
+ws.set_websocket_ping_interval(0);
+```
+
+### Unresponsive-Peer Detection (Pong Timeout)
+
+By default the heartbeat only sends pings — it does not enforce that pongs come back. To detect a silently dropped connection faster, enable the max-missed-pongs check. Once `max_missed_pongs` consecutive pings go unanswered, the heartbeat thread closes the connection with `CloseStatus::GoingAway` and the reason `"pong timeout"`.
+
+```cpp
+ws.set_websocket_max_missed_pongs(2); // close after 2 consecutive unacked pings
+```
+
+The server side has the same `set_websocket_max_missed_pongs()`.
+
+With the default ping interval of 30 seconds, `max_missed_pongs = 2` detects a dead peer within ~60 seconds. The counter is reset every time a Pong frame is received, so the mechanism only works when your code is actively calling `read()` — exactly the pattern a normal WebSocket client already uses.
+
+**The default is `0`**, which means "never close the connection because of missing pongs." Pings are still sent on the heartbeat interval, but their responses are not checked. Even so, a dead connection does not linger forever: while your code is inside `read()`, `CPPHTTPLIB_WEBSOCKET_READ_TIMEOUT_SECOND` (default **300 seconds = 5 minutes**) acts as a backstop and `read()` fails if no frame arrives in time. `max_missed_pongs` is the knob for detecting an unresponsive peer faster than that 5-minute fallback.
+
+## Threading Model
+
+WebSocket connections share the same thread pool as HTTP requests. Each WebSocket connection occupies one thread for its entire lifetime.
+
+The default thread pool uses dynamic scaling: it maintains a base thread count of `CPPHTTPLIB_THREAD_POOL_COUNT` (8 or `std::thread::hardware_concurrency() - 1`, whichever is greater) and can scale up to 4x that count under load (`CPPHTTPLIB_THREAD_POOL_MAX_COUNT`). When all base threads are busy, temporary threads are spawned automatically up to the maximum. These dynamic threads exit after an idle timeout (`CPPHTTPLIB_THREAD_POOL_IDLE_TIMEOUT`, default 3 seconds).
+
+This dynamic scaling helps accommodate WebSocket connections alongside HTTP requests. However, if you expect many simultaneous WebSocket connections, you should configure the thread pool accordingly:
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Server svr;
+
+svr.new_task_queue = [] {
+  return new httplib::ThreadPool(/*base_threads=*/8, /*max_threads=*/128);
+};
+```
+
+Choose sizes that account for both your expected HTTP load and the maximum number of simultaneous WebSocket connections.
+
+## Protocol
+
+The implementation follows [RFC 6455](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455):
+
+- Handshake via HTTP Upgrade with `Sec-WebSocket-Key` / `Sec-WebSocket-Accept`
+- Subprotocol negotiation via `Sec-WebSocket-Protocol`
+- Frame masking (client-to-server)
+- Control frames: Close, Ping, Pong
+- Message fragmentation and reassembly
+- Close handshake with status codes
+
+## Browser Test
+
+Run the echo server example and open `http://localhost:8080` in a browser:
+
+```bash
+cd example && make wsecho && ./wsecho
+```

benchmark/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+CXXFLAGS = -O2 -I..
+
+CPPHTTPLIB_CXXFLAGS = -std=c++11
+CROW_CXXFLAGS = -std=c++17
+
+CPPHTTPLIB_FLAGS = -DCPPHTTPLIB_THREAD_POOL_COUNT=16
+
+BENCH = bombardier -c 10 -d 5s localhost:8080
+MONITOR = ali http://localhost:8080
+
+# cpp-httplib
+bench: server
+	@echo "--------------------\n cpp-httplib latest\n--------------------\n"
+	@./server & export PID=$$!; $(BENCH); kill $${PID}
+	@echo ""
+
+monitor: server
+	@./server & export PID=$$!; $(MONITOR); kill $${PID}
+
+run : server
+	@./server
+
+server : cpp-httplib/main.cpp ../httplib.h
+	@g++ -o $@ $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPHTTPLIB_CXXFLAGS) $(CPPHTTPLIB_FLAGS) cpp-httplib/main.cpp
+
+# crow
+bench-crow: server-crow
+	@echo "-------------\n Crow v1.3.1\n-------------\n"
+	@./server-crow & export PID=$$!; $(BENCH); kill $${PID}
+	@echo ""
+
+monitor-crow: server-crow
+	@./server-crow & export PID=$$!; $(MONITOR); kill $${PID}
+
+run-crow : server-crow
+	@./server-crow
+
+server-crow : crow/main.cpp crow/crow_all.h
+	@g++ -o $@ $(CXXFLAGS) $(CROW_CXXFLAGS) crow/main.cpp
+
+# misc
+build: server server-crow
+
+bench-all: bench-crow bench
+
+issue:
+	bombardier -c 10 -d 30s localhost:8080
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf server*

benchmark/cpp-httplib/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include "httplib.h"
+using namespace httplib;
+
+int main() {
+  Server svr;
+
+  svr.Get("/", [](const Request &, Response &res) {
+    res.set_content("Hello World!", "text/plain");
+  });
+
+  svr.listen("0.0.0.0", 8080);
+}

benchmark/crow/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#include "crow_all.h"
+
+class CustomLogger : public crow::ILogHandler {
+public:
+  void log(const std::string &, crow::LogLevel) {}
+};
+
+int main() {
+  CustomLogger logger;
+  crow::logger::setHandler(&logger);
+
+  crow::SimpleApp app;
+
+  CROW_ROUTE(app, "/")([]() { return "Hello world!"; });
+
+  app.port(8080).multithreaded().run();
+}

cmake/FindBrotli.cmake

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # A simple FindBrotli package for Cmake's find_package function.
 # Note: This find package doesn't have version support, as the version file doesn't seem to be installed on most systems.
-# 
+#
 # If you want to find the static packages instead of shared (the default), define BROTLI_USE_STATIC_LIBS as TRUE.
 # The targets will have the same names, but it will use the static libs.
 #
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 # If they asked for a specific version, warn/fail since we don't support it.
 # TODO: if they start distributing the version somewhere, implement finding it.
-# But currently there's a version header that doesn't seem to get installed.
+# See https://github.com/google/brotli/issues/773#issuecomment-579133187
 if(Brotli_FIND_VERSION)
 	set(_brotli_version_error_msg "FindBrotli.cmake doesn't have version support!")
 	# If the package is required, throw a fatal error
@@ -68,30 +68,27 @@ if(BROTLI_USE_STATIC_LIBS)
 	set(_brotli_stat_str "_STATIC")
 endif()
 
-# Lets us know we are using the PkgConfig libraries
-# Will be set false if any non-pkgconf vars are used
-set(_brotli_using_pkgconf TRUE)
-
 # Each string here is "ComponentName;LiteralName" (the semi-colon is a delimiter)
 foreach(_listvar "common;common" "decoder;dec" "encoder;enc")
 	# Split the component name and literal library name from the listvar
 	list(GET _listvar 0 _component_name)
 	list(GET _listvar 1 _libname)
 
-	if(PKG_CONFIG_FOUND)
+	# NOTE: We can't rely on PkgConf for static libs since the upstream static lib support is broken
+	# See https://github.com/google/brotli/issues/795
+	# TODO: whenever their issue is fixed upstream, remove this "AND NOT BROTLI_USE_STATIC_LIBS" check
+	if(PKG_CONFIG_FOUND AND NOT BROTLI_USE_STATIC_LIBS)
 		# These need to be GLOBAL for MinGW when making ALIAS libraries against them.
-		if(BROTLI_USE_STATIC_LIBS)
-			# Have to use _STATIC to tell PkgConfig to find the static libs.
-			pkg_check_modules(Brotli_${_component_name}_STATIC QUIET GLOBAL IMPORTED_TARGET libbrotli${_libname})
-		else()
-			pkg_check_modules(Brotli_${_component_name} QUIET GLOBAL IMPORTED_TARGET libbrotli${_libname})
-		endif()
+		# Have to postfix _STATIC on the name to tell PkgConfig to find the static libs.
+		pkg_check_modules(Brotli_${_component_name}${_brotli_stat_str} QUIET GLOBAL IMPORTED_TARGET libbrotli${_libname})
 	endif()
 
-	# Check if the target was already found by Pkgconf 
-	if(TARGET PkgConfig::Brotli_${_component_name} OR TARGET PkgConfig::Brotli_${_component_name}_STATIC)
-		# Can't use generators for ALIAS targets, so you get this jank
-		add_library(Brotli::${_component_name} ALIAS PkgConfig::Brotli_${_component_name}${_brotli_stat_str})
+	# Check if the target was already found by Pkgconf
+	if(TARGET PkgConfig::Brotli_${_component_name}${_brotli_stat_str})
+		# ALIAS since we don't want the PkgConfig namespace on the Cmake library (for end-users)
+		if (NOT TARGET Brotli::${_component_name})
+			add_library(Brotli::${_component_name} ALIAS PkgConfig::Brotli_${_component_name}${_brotli_stat_str})
+		endif()
 
 		# Tells HANDLE_COMPONENTS we found the component
 		set(Brotli_${_component_name}_FOUND TRUE)
@@ -109,23 +106,18 @@ foreach(_listvar "common;common" "decoder;dec" "encoder;enc")
 		continue()
 	endif()
 
-	# Lets us know we aren't using the PkgConfig libraries
-	set(_brotli_using_pkgconf FALSE)
 	if(Brotli_FIND_REQUIRED_${_component_name})
 		# If it's required, we can set the name used in find_library as a required var for FindPackageHandleStandardArgs
 		list(APPEND _brotli_req_vars "Brotli_${_component_name}")
 	endif()
 
+	list(APPEND _brotli_lib_names
+		"brotli${_libname}"
+		"libbrotli${_libname}"
+	)
 	if(BROTLI_USE_STATIC_LIBS)
-		list(APPEND _brotli_lib_names
-			"brotli${_libname}-static"
-			"libbrotli${_libname}-static"
-		)
-	else()
-		list(APPEND _brotli_lib_names
-			"brotli${_libname}"
-			"libbrotli${_libname}"
-		)
+		# Postfix "-static" to the libnames since we're looking for static libs
+		list(TRANSFORM _brotli_lib_names APPEND "-static")
 	endif()
 
 	find_library(Brotli_${_component_name}
@@ -149,7 +141,10 @@ foreach(_listvar "common;common" "decoder;dec" "encoder;enc")
 		# Tells HANDLE_COMPONENTS we found the component
 		set(Brotli_${_component_name}_FOUND TRUE)
 
-		add_library("Brotli::${_component_name}" UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
+		if (NOT TARGET Brotli::${_component_name})
+			add_library("Brotli::${_component_name}" UNKNOWN IMPORTED)
+		endif()
+		
 		# Attach the literal library and include dir to the IMPORTED target for the end-user
 		set_target_properties("Brotli::${_component_name}" PROPERTIES
 			INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${Brotli_INCLUDE_DIR}"
@@ -168,7 +163,7 @@ find_package_handle_standard_args(Brotli
 		Brotli_FOUND
 	REQUIRED_VARS
 		Brotli_INCLUDE_DIR
-		${_brotli_required_targets}
+		${_brotli_req_vars}
 	HANDLE_COMPONENTS
 )
 

cmake/httplibConfig.cmake.in

@@ -4,27 +4,43 @@
 # Setting these here so they're accessible after install.
 # Might be useful for some users to check which settings were used.
 set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_OPENSSL @HTTPLIB_IS_USING_OPENSSL@)
+set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_WOLFSSL @HTTPLIB_IS_USING_WOLFSSL@)
+set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_MBEDTLS @HTTPLIB_IS_USING_MBEDTLS@)
 set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_ZLIB @HTTPLIB_IS_USING_ZLIB@)
 set(HTTPLIB_IS_COMPILED @HTTPLIB_COMPILE@)
 set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_BROTLI @HTTPLIB_IS_USING_BROTLI@)
+set(HTTPLIB_IS_USING_NON_BLOCKING_GETADDRINFO @HTTPLIB_IS_USING_NON_BLOCKING_GETADDRINFO@)
 set(HTTPLIB_VERSION @PROJECT_VERSION@)
 
 include(CMakeFindDependencyMacro)
 
 # We add find_dependency calls here to not make the end-user have to call them.
-find_dependency(Threads REQUIRED)
+find_dependency(Threads)
 if(@HTTPLIB_IS_USING_OPENSSL@)
 	# OpenSSL COMPONENTS were added in Cmake v3.11
 	if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS "3.11")
-		find_dependency(OpenSSL @_HTTPLIB_OPENSSL_MIN_VER@ REQUIRED)
+		find_dependency(OpenSSL @_HTTPLIB_OPENSSL_MIN_VER@)
 	else()
 		# Once the COMPONENTS were added, they were made optional when not specified.
 		# Since we use both, we need to search for both.
-		find_dependency(OpenSSL @_HTTPLIB_OPENSSL_MIN_VER@ COMPONENTS Crypto SSL REQUIRED)
+		find_dependency(OpenSSL @_HTTPLIB_OPENSSL_MIN_VER@ COMPONENTS Crypto SSL)
 	endif()
+	set(httplib_OpenSSL_FOUND ${OpenSSL_FOUND})
 endif()
+
 if(@HTTPLIB_IS_USING_ZLIB@)
-	find_dependency(ZLIB REQUIRED)
+	find_dependency(ZLIB)
+	set(httplib_ZLIB_FOUND ${ZLIB_FOUND})
+endif()
+
+if(@HTTPLIB_IS_USING_WOLFSSL@)
+	find_dependency(wolfssl)
+	set(httplib_wolfssl_FOUND ${wolfssl_FOUND})
+endif()
+
+if(@HTTPLIB_IS_USING_MBEDTLS@)
+	find_dependency(MbedTLS)
+	set(httplib_MbedTLS_FOUND ${MbedTLS_FOUND})
 endif()
 
 if(@HTTPLIB_IS_USING_BROTLI@)
@@ -32,7 +48,31 @@ if(@HTTPLIB_IS_USING_BROTLI@)
 	# Note that the FindBrotli.cmake file is installed in the same dir as this file.
 	list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}")
 	set(BROTLI_USE_STATIC_LIBS @BROTLI_USE_STATIC_LIBS@)
-	find_dependency(Brotli COMPONENTS common encoder decoder REQUIRED)
+	find_dependency(Brotli COMPONENTS common encoder decoder)
+	set(httplib_Brotli_FOUND ${Brotli_FOUND})
+endif()
+
+if(@HTTPLIB_IS_USING_ZSTD@)
+	set(httplib_fd_zstd_quiet_arg)
+	if(${CMAKE_FIND_PACKAGE_NAME}_FIND_QUIETLY)
+		set(httplib_fd_zstd_quiet_arg QUIET)
+	endif()
+	set(httplib_fd_zstd_required_arg)
+	if(${CMAKE_FIND_PACKAGE_NAME}_FIND_REQUIRED)
+		set(httplib_fd_zstd_required_arg REQUIRED)
+	endif()
+	find_package(zstd 1.5.6 CONFIG QUIET)
+	if(NOT zstd_FOUND)
+		find_package(PkgConfig ${httplib_fd_zstd_quiet_arg} ${httplib_fd_zstd_required_arg})
+		if(PKG_CONFIG_FOUND)
+			pkg_check_modules(zstd ${httplib_fd_zstd_quiet_arg} ${httplib_fd_zstd_required_arg} IMPORTED_TARGET libzstd)
+
+			if(TARGET PkgConfig::zstd)
+				add_library(zstd::libzstd ALIAS PkgConfig::zstd)
+			endif()
+		endif()
+	endif()
+	set(httplib_zstd_FOUND ${zstd_FOUND})
 endif()
 
 # Mildly useful for end-users
@@ -42,10 +82,14 @@ set_and_check(HTTPLIB_INCLUDE_DIR "@PACKAGE_CMAKE_INSTALL_FULL_INCLUDEDIR@")
 # This is helpful if you're using Cmake's pre-compiled header feature
 set_and_check(HTTPLIB_HEADER_PATH "@PACKAGE_CMAKE_INSTALL_FULL_INCLUDEDIR@/httplib.h")
 
-# Brings in the target library
-include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/httplibTargets.cmake")
+check_required_components(httplib)
 
-# Ouputs a "found httplib /usr/include/httplib.h" message when using find_package(httplib)
+# Brings in the target library, but only if all required components are found
+if(NOT DEFINED httplib_FOUND OR httplib_FOUND)
+	include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/httplibTargets.cmake")
+endif()
+
+# Outputs a "found httplib /usr/include/httplib.h" message when using find_package(httplib)
 include(FindPackageMessage)
 if(TARGET httplib::httplib)
 	set(HTTPLIB_FOUND TRUE)

cmake/modules.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# This file contains C++20 module support requiring CMake 3.28+
+# Included conditionally to prevent parse errors on older CMake versions
+
+if(HTTPLIB_BUILD_MODULES)
+	if(POLICY CMP0155)
+		cmake_policy(SET CMP0155 NEW)
+	endif()
+
+	set(CMAKE_CXX_SCAN_FOR_MODULES ON)
+	
+	target_sources(${PROJECT_NAME}
+		PUBLIC
+			FILE_SET CXX_MODULES 
+			BASE_DIRS 
+				"${_httplib_build_includedir}"
+			FILES
+				"${_httplib_build_includedir}/httplib.cppm"
+	)
+endif()

docker-compose.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+services:
+  http:
+    build: .
+    ports:
+      - "8080:80"
+    volumes:
+      - ./docker/html:/html

docker/html/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>Welcome to cpp-httplib!</title>
+<style>
+html { color-scheme: light dark; }
+body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
+font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1>Welcome to cpp-httplib!</h1>
+<p>If you see this page, the cpp-httplib web server is successfully installed and
+working. Further configuration is required.</p>
+
+<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
+<a href="https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib">github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib</a>.<br/>
+
+<p><em>Thank you for using cpp-httplib.</em></p>
+</body>
+</html>

docker/main.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+//
+//  main.cc
+//
+//  Copyright (c) 2026 Yuji Hirose. All rights reserved.
+//  MIT License
+//
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <format>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <httplib.h>
+
+using namespace httplib;
+
+const auto SERVER_NAME =
+    std::format("cpp-httplib-server/{}", CPPHTTPLIB_VERSION);
+
+Server svr;
+
+void signal_handler(int signal) {
+  if (signal == SIGINT || signal == SIGTERM) {
+    std::cout << "\nReceived signal, shutting down gracefully...\n";
+    svr.stop();
+  }
+}
+
+std::string get_time_format() {
+  auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+  auto time_t = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);
+
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << std::put_time(std::localtime(&time_t), "%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z");
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+std::string get_error_time_format() {
+  auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+  auto time_t = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);
+
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << std::put_time(std::localtime(&time_t), "%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S");
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+// NGINX Combined log format:
+// $remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent
+// "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"
+void nginx_access_logger(const Request &req, const Response &res) {
+  std::string remote_user =
+      "-"; // cpp-httplib doesn't have built-in auth user tracking
+  auto time_local = get_time_format();
+  auto request = std::format("{} {} {}", req.method, req.path, req.version);
+  auto status = res.status;
+  auto body_bytes_sent = res.body.size();
+  auto http_referer = req.get_header_value("Referer");
+  if (http_referer.empty()) http_referer = "-";
+  auto http_user_agent = req.get_header_value("User-Agent");
+  if (http_user_agent.empty()) http_user_agent = "-";
+
+  std::cout << std::format("{} - {} [{}] \"{}\" {} {} \"{}\" \"{}\"",
+                           req.remote_addr, remote_user, time_local, request,
+                           status, body_bytes_sent, http_referer,
+                           http_user_agent)
+            << std::endl;
+}
+
+// NGINX Error log format:
+// YYYY/MM/DD HH:MM:SS [level] message, client: client_ip, request: "request",
+// host: "host"
+void nginx_error_logger(const Error &err, const Request *req) {
+  auto time_local = get_error_time_format();
+  std::string level = "error";
+
+  if (req) {
+    auto request =
+        std::format("{} {} {}", req->method, req->path, req->version);
+    auto host = req->get_header_value("Host");
+    if (host.empty()) host = "-";
+
+    std::cerr << std::format("{} [{}] {}, client: {}, request: "
+                             "\"{}\", host: \"{}\"",
+                             time_local, level, to_string(err),
+                             req->remote_addr, request, host)
+              << std::endl;
+  } else {
+    // If no request context, just log the error
+    std::cerr << std::format("{} [{}] {}", time_local, level, to_string(err))
+              << std::endl;
+  }
+}
+
+void print_usage(const char *program_name) {
+  std::cout << "Usage: " << program_name << " [OPTIONS]" << std::endl;
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "Options:" << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "  --host <hostname>        Server hostname (default: localhost)"
+            << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "  --port <port>            Server port (default: 8080)"
+            << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "  --mount <mount:path>     Mount point and document root"
+            << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "                           Format: mount_point:document_root"
+            << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "                           (default: /:./html)" << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "  --trusted-proxy <ip>     Add trusted proxy IP address"
+            << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "                           (can be specified multiple times)"
+            << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "  --version                Show version information"
+            << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "  --help                   Show this help message" << std::endl;
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "Examples:" << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "  " << program_name
+            << " --host localhost --port 8080 --mount /:./html" << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "  " << program_name
+            << " --host 0.0.0.0 --port 3000 --mount /api:./api" << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "  " << program_name
+            << " --trusted-proxy 192.168.1.100 --trusted-proxy 10.0.0.1"
+            << std::endl;
+}
+
+struct ServerConfig {
+  std::string hostname = "localhost";
+  int port = 8080;
+  std::string mount_point = "/";
+  std::string document_root = "./html";
+  std::vector<std::string> trusted_proxies;
+};
+
+enum class ParseResult { SUCCESS, HELP_REQUESTED, VERSION_REQUESTED, ERROR };
+
+ParseResult parse_command_line(int argc, char *argv[], ServerConfig &config) {
+  for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+    if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "-h") == 0) {
+      print_usage(argv[0]);
+      return ParseResult::HELP_REQUESTED;
+    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--host") == 0) {
+      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
+        std::cerr << "Error: --host requires a hostname argument" << std::endl;
+        print_usage(argv[0]);
+        return ParseResult::ERROR;
+      }
+      config.hostname = argv[++i];
+    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--port") == 0) {
+      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
+        std::cerr << "Error: --port requires a port number argument"
+                  << std::endl;
+        print_usage(argv[0]);
+        return ParseResult::ERROR;
+      }
+      config.port = std::atoi(argv[++i]);
+      if (config.port <= 0 || config.port > 65535) {
+        std::cerr << "Error: Invalid port number. Must be between 1 and 65535"
+                  << std::endl;
+        return ParseResult::ERROR;
+      }
+    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--mount") == 0) {
+      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
+        std::cerr
+            << "Error: --mount requires mount_point:document_root argument"
+            << std::endl;
+        print_usage(argv[0]);
+        return ParseResult::ERROR;
+      }
+      std::string mount_arg = argv[++i];
+      auto colon_pos = mount_arg.find(':');
+      if (colon_pos == std::string::npos) {
+        std::cerr << "Error: --mount argument must be in format "
+                     "mount_point:document_root"
+                  << std::endl;
+        print_usage(argv[0]);
+        return ParseResult::ERROR;
+      }
+      config.mount_point = mount_arg.substr(0, colon_pos);
+      config.document_root = mount_arg.substr(colon_pos + 1);
+
+      if (config.mount_point.empty() || config.document_root.empty()) {
+        std::cerr
+            << "Error: Both mount_point and document_root must be non-empty"
+            << std::endl;
+        return ParseResult::ERROR;
+      }
+    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--version") == 0) {
+      std::cout << CPPHTTPLIB_VERSION << std::endl;
+      return ParseResult::VERSION_REQUESTED;
+    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--trusted-proxy") == 0) {
+      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
+        std::cerr << "Error: --trusted-proxy requires an IP address argument"
+                  << std::endl;
+        print_usage(argv[0]);
+        return ParseResult::ERROR;
+      }
+      config.trusted_proxies.push_back(argv[++i]);
+    } else {
+      std::cerr << "Error: Unknown option '" << argv[i] << "'" << std::endl;
+      print_usage(argv[0]);
+      return ParseResult::ERROR;
+    }
+  }
+  return ParseResult::SUCCESS;
+}
+
+bool setup_server(Server &svr, const ServerConfig &config) {
+  svr.set_logger(nginx_access_logger);
+  svr.set_error_logger(nginx_error_logger);
+
+  // Set trusted proxies if specified
+  if (!config.trusted_proxies.empty()) {
+    svr.set_trusted_proxies(config.trusted_proxies);
+  }
+
+  auto ret = svr.set_mount_point(config.mount_point, config.document_root);
+  if (!ret) {
+    std::cerr
+        << std::format(
+               "Error: Cannot mount '{}' to '{}'. Directory may not exist.",
+               config.mount_point, config.document_root)
+        << std::endl;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("html", "text/html");
+  svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("htm", "text/html");
+  svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("css", "text/css");
+  svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("js", "text/javascript");
+  svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("json", "application/json");
+  svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("xml", "application/xml");
+  svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("png", "image/png");
+  svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("jpg", "image/jpeg");
+  svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("jpeg", "image/jpeg");
+  svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("gif", "image/gif");
+  svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("svg", "image/svg+xml");
+  svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("ico", "image/x-icon");
+  svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("pdf", "application/pdf");
+  svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("zip", "application/zip");
+  svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("txt", "text/plain");
+
+  svr.set_error_handler([](const Request & /*req*/, Response &res) {
+    if (res.status == 404) {
+      res.set_content(
+          std::format(
+              "<html><head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>"
+              "<body><h1>404 Not Found</h1>"
+              "<p>The requested resource was not found on this server.</p>"
+              "<hr><p>{}</p></body></html>",
+              SERVER_NAME),
+          "text/html");
+    }
+  });
+
+  svr.set_pre_routing_handler([](const Request & /*req*/, Response &res) {
+    res.set_header("Server", SERVER_NAME);
+    return Server::HandlerResponse::Unhandled;
+  });
+
+  signal(SIGINT, signal_handler);
+  signal(SIGTERM, signal_handler);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  ServerConfig config;
+
+  auto result = parse_command_line(argc, argv, config);
+  switch (result) {
+  case ParseResult::HELP_REQUESTED:
+  case ParseResult::VERSION_REQUESTED: return 0;
+  case ParseResult::ERROR: return 1;
+  case ParseResult::SUCCESS: break;
+  }
+
+  if (!setup_server(svr, config)) { return 1; }
+
+  std::cout << "Serving HTTP on " << config.hostname << ":" << config.port
+            << std::endl;
+  std::cout << "Mount point: " << config.mount_point << " -> "
+            << config.document_root << std::endl;
+
+  if (!config.trusted_proxies.empty()) {
+    std::cout << "Trusted proxies: ";
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < config.trusted_proxies.size(); ++i) {
+      if (i > 0) std::cout << ", ";
+      std::cout << config.trusted_proxies[i];
+    }
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+  }
+
+  std::cout << "Press Ctrl+C to shutdown gracefully..." << std::endl;
+
+  auto ret = svr.listen(config.hostname, config.port);
+
+  std::cout << "Server has been shut down." << std::endl;
+
+  return ret ? 0 : 1;
+}

docs-src/config.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+[system]
+theme = "monotone"
+langs = ["en", "ja"]
+
+[site]
+title = "cpp-httplib"
+version = "0.46.1"
+hostname = "https://yhirose.github.io"
+base_path = "/cpp-httplib"
+footer_message = "© 2026 Yuji Hirose. All rights reserved."
+
+[[nav]]
+label = "Tour"
+path = "tour/"
+icon_svg = '<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"/><polygon points="16.24 7.76 14.12 14.12 7.76 16.24 9.88 9.88 16.24 7.76"/></svg>'
+
+[[nav]]
+label = "Cookbook"
+path = "cookbook/"
+icon_svg = '<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M4 19.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 17H20"/><path d="M6.5 2H20v20H6.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4 19.5v-15A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 2z"/></svg>'
+
+[[nav]]
+label = "LLM App"
+path = "llm-app/"
+icon_svg = '<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M4 19.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 17H20"/><path d="M6.5 2H20v20H6.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 4 19.5v-15A2.5 2.5 0 0 1 6.5 2z"/></svg>'
+
+[[nav]]
+label = "GitHub"
+url = "https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib"
+icon_svg = '<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path d="M9 19c-5 1.5-5-2.5-7-3m14 6v-3.87a3.37 3.37 0 0 0-.94-2.61c3.14-.35 6.44-1.54 6.44-7A5.44 5.44 0 0 0 20 4.77 5.07 5.07 0 0 0 19.91 1S18.73.65 16 2.48a13.38 13.38 0 0 0-7 0C6.27.65 5.09 1 5.09 1A5.07 5.07 0 0 0 5 4.77a5.44 5.44 0 0 0-1.5 3.78c0 5.42 3.3 6.61 6.44 7A3.37 3.37 0 0 0 9 18.13V22"/></svg>'

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c01-get-response-body.md

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+---
+title: "C01. Get the Response Body / Save to a File"
+order: 1
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+## Get it as a string
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
+auto res = cli.Get("/hello");
+if (res && res->status == 200) {
+  std::cout << res->body << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+`res->body` is a `std::string`, ready to use as-is. The entire response is loaded into memory.
+
+> **Warning:** If you fetch a large file with `res->body`, it all goes into memory. For large downloads, use a `ContentReceiver` as shown below.
+
+## Save to a file
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
+
+std::ofstream ofs("output.bin", std::ios::binary);
+if (!ofs) {
+  std::cerr << "Failed to open file" << std::endl;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/large-file",
+  [&](const char *data, size_t len) {
+    ofs.write(data, len);
+    return static_cast<bool>(ofs);
+  });
+```
+
+With a `ContentReceiver`, data arrives in chunks. You can write each chunk straight to disk without buffering the whole body in memory — perfect for large file downloads.
+
+Return `false` from the callback to abort the download. In the example above, if writing to `ofs` fails, the download stops automatically.
+
+> **Detail:** Want to check response headers like Content-Length before downloading? Combine a `ResponseHandler` with a `ContentReceiver`.
+>
+> ```cpp
+> auto res = cli.Get("/large-file",
+>   [](const httplib::Response &res) {
+>     auto len = res.get_header_value("Content-Length");
+>     std::cout << "Size: " << len << std::endl;
+>     return true; // return false to skip the download
+>   },
+>   [&](const char *data, size_t len) {
+>     ofs.write(data, len);
+>     return static_cast<bool>(ofs);
+>   });
+> ```
+>
+> The `ResponseHandler` is called after headers arrive but before the body. Return `false` to skip the download entirely.
+
+> To show download progress, see [C11. Use the progress callback](c11-progress-callback).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c02-json.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+---
+title: "C02. Send and Receive JSON"
+order: 2
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+cpp-httplib doesn't include a JSON parser. Use a library like [nlohmann/json](https://github.com/nlohmann/json) to build and parse JSON. The examples here use `nlohmann/json`.
+
+## Send JSON
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
+
+nlohmann::json j = {{"name", "Alice"}, {"age", 30}};
+auto res = cli.Post("/api/users", j.dump(), "application/json");
+```
+
+Pass the JSON string as the second argument to `Post()` and the Content-Type as the third. The same pattern works with `Put()` and `Patch()`.
+
+> **Warning:** If you omit the Content-Type (the third argument), the server may not recognize the body as JSON. Always specify `"application/json"`.
+
+## Receive a JSON response
+
+```cpp
+auto res = cli.Get("/api/users/1");
+if (res && res->status == 200) {
+  auto j = nlohmann::json::parse(res->body);
+  std::cout << j["name"] << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+`res->body` is a `std::string`, so you can pass it straight to your JSON library.
+
+> **Note:** Servers sometimes return HTML on errors. Check the status code before parsing to be safe. Some APIs also require an `Accept: application/json` header. If you're calling a JSON API repeatedly, [C03. Set default headers](c03-default-headers) can save you some boilerplate.
+
+> For how to receive and return JSON on the server side, see [S02. Receive JSON requests and return JSON responses](s02-json-api).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c03-default-headers.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+title: "C03. Set Default Headers"
+order: 3
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+When you want the same headers on every request, use `set_default_headers()`. Once set, they're attached automatically to every request sent from that client.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("https://api.example.com");
+
+cli.set_default_headers({
+  {"Accept", "application/json"},
+  {"User-Agent", "my-app/1.0"},
+});
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/users");
+```
+
+Register the headers you need on every API call — like `Accept` or `User-Agent` — in one place. No need to repeat them on each request.
+
+## Send a Bearer token on every request
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("https://api.example.com");
+
+cli.set_default_headers({
+  {"Authorization", "Bearer " + token},
+  {"Accept", "application/json"},
+});
+
+auto res1 = cli.Get("/me");
+auto res2 = cli.Get("/projects");
+```
+
+Set the auth token once, and every subsequent request carries it. Handy when you're writing an API client that hits multiple endpoints.
+
+> **Note:** `set_default_headers()` **replaces** the existing default headers. Even if you only want to add one, pass the full set again.
+
+## Combine with per-request headers
+
+You can still pass extra headers on individual requests, even with defaults set.
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Headers headers = {
+  {"X-Request-ID", "abc-123"},
+};
+auto res = cli.Get("/users", headers);
+```
+
+Per-request headers are **added** on top of the defaults. Both are sent to the server.
+
+> For details on Bearer token auth, see [C06. Call an API with a Bearer token](c06-bearer-token).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c04-follow-location.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+---
+title: "C04. Follow Redirects"
+order: 4
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+By default, cpp-httplib does not follow HTTP redirects (3xx). If the server returns `302 Found`, you'll get it as a response with status code 302 — nothing more.
+
+To follow redirects automatically, call `set_follow_location(true)`.
+
+## Follow redirects
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("http://example.com");
+cli.set_follow_location(true);
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/old-path");
+if (res && res->status == 200) {
+  std::cout << res->body << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+With `set_follow_location(true)`, the client reads the `Location` header and reissues the request to the new URL automatically. The final response ends up in `res`.
+
+## Redirects from HTTP to HTTPS
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("http://example.com");
+cli.set_follow_location(true);
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/");
+```
+
+Many sites redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS. With `set_follow_location(true)` on, this case is handled transparently — the client follows redirects even when the scheme or host changes.
+
+> **Warning:** To follow redirects to HTTPS, you need to build cpp-httplib with OpenSSL (or another TLS backend). Without TLS support, redirects to HTTPS will fail.
+
+> **Note:** Following redirects adds to the total request time. See [C12. Set timeouts](c12-timeouts) for timeout configuration.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c05-basic-auth.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+---
+title: "C05. Use Basic Authentication"
+order: 5
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+For endpoints that require Basic authentication, pass the username and password to `set_basic_auth()`. cpp-httplib builds the `Authorization: Basic ...` header for you.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("https://api.example.com");
+cli.set_basic_auth("alice", "s3cret");
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/private");
+if (res && res->status == 200) {
+  std::cout << res->body << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+Set it once, and every request from that client carries the credentials. No need to build the header each time.
+
+## Per-request usage
+
+If you want credentials on only one specific request, pass headers directly.
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Headers headers = {
+  httplib::make_basic_authentication_header("alice", "s3cret"),
+};
+auto res = cli.Get("/private", headers);
+```
+
+`make_basic_authentication_header()` builds the Base64-encoded header for you.
+
+> **Warning:** Basic authentication **encodes** credentials in Base64 — it does not encrypt them. Always use it over HTTPS. Over plain HTTP, your password travels the network in the clear.
+
+## Digest authentication
+
+For the more secure Digest authentication scheme, use `set_digest_auth()`. This is only available when cpp-httplib is built with OpenSSL (or another TLS backend).
+
+```cpp
+cli.set_digest_auth("alice", "s3cret");
+```
+
+> To call an API with a Bearer token, see [C06. Call an API with a Bearer token](c06-bearer-token).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c06-bearer-token.md

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+title: "C06. Call an API with a Bearer Token"
+order: 6
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+For Bearer token authentication — common in OAuth 2.0 and modern Web APIs — use `set_bearer_token_auth()`. Pass the token and cpp-httplib builds the `Authorization: Bearer <token>` header for you.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("https://api.example.com");
+cli.set_bearer_token_auth("eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIs...");
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/me");
+if (res && res->status == 200) {
+  std::cout << res->body << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+Set it once and every subsequent request carries the token. This is the go-to pattern for token-based APIs like GitHub, Slack, or your own OAuth service.
+
+## Per-request usage
+
+When you want the token on only one request — or need a different token per request — pass it via headers.
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Headers headers = {
+  httplib::make_bearer_token_authentication_header(token),
+};
+auto res = cli.Get("/me", headers);
+```
+
+`make_bearer_token_authentication_header()` builds the `Authorization` header for you.
+
+## Refresh the token
+
+When a token expires, just call `set_bearer_token_auth()` again with the new one.
+
+```cpp
+if (res && res->status == 401) {
+  auto new_token = refresh_token();
+  cli.set_bearer_token_auth(new_token);
+  res = cli.Get("/me");
+}
+```
+
+> **Warning:** A Bearer token is itself a credential. Always send it over HTTPS, and never hard-code it into source or config files.
+
+> To set multiple headers at once, see [C03. Set default headers](c03-default-headers).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c07-multipart-upload.md

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+---
+title: "C07. Upload a File as Multipart Form Data"
+order: 7
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+When you want to send a file the same way an HTML `<input type="file">` does, use multipart form data (`multipart/form-data`). cpp-httplib offers two APIs — `UploadFormDataItems` and `FormDataProviderItems` — and you pick between them based on **file size**.
+
+## Send a small file
+
+Read the file into memory first, then send it. For small files, this is the simplest path.
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
+
+std::ifstream ifs("avatar.png", std::ios::binary);
+std::string content((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(ifs)),
+                     std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
+
+httplib::UploadFormDataItems items = {
+  {"name", "Alice", "", ""},
+  {"avatar", content, "avatar.png", "image/png"},
+};
+
+auto res = cli.Post("/upload", items);
+```
+
+Each `UploadFormData` entry is `{name, content, filename, content_type}`. For plain text fields, leave `filename` and `content_type` empty.
+
+## Stream a large file
+
+To avoid loading the whole file into memory, use `make_file_provider()`. It reads the file in chunks as it sends — so even huge files won't blow up your memory footprint.
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
+
+httplib::UploadFormDataItems items = {
+  {"name", "Alice", "", ""},
+};
+
+httplib::FormDataProviderItems provider_items = {
+  httplib::make_file_provider("video", "large-video.mp4", "", "video/mp4"),
+};
+
+auto res = cli.Post("/upload", httplib::Headers{}, items, provider_items);
+```
+
+The arguments to `make_file_provider()` are `(form name, file path, file name, content type)`. Leave the file name empty to use the file path as-is.
+
+> **Note:** You can mix `UploadFormDataItems` and `FormDataProviderItems` in the same request. A clean split is: text fields in `UploadFormDataItems`, files in `FormDataProviderItems`.
+
+> To show upload progress, see [C11. Use the progress callback](c11-progress-callback).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c08-post-file-body.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+---
+title: "C08. POST a File as Raw Binary"
+order: 8
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+Sometimes you want to send a file's contents as the request body directly — no multipart wrapping. This is common for S3-compatible APIs or endpoints that take raw image data. For this, use `make_file_body()`.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("https://storage.example.com");
+
+auto [size, provider] = httplib::make_file_body("backup.tar.gz");
+if (size == 0) {
+  std::cerr << "Failed to open file" << std::endl;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+auto res = cli.Put("/bucket/backup.tar.gz", size,
+                   provider, "application/gzip");
+```
+
+`make_file_body()` returns a pair of file size and a `ContentProvider`. Pass them to `Post()` or `Put()` and the file contents flow straight into the request body.
+
+The `ContentProvider` reads the file in chunks, so even huge files never sit fully in memory.
+
+## When the file can't be opened
+
+If the file can't be opened, `make_file_body()` returns `size` as `0` and `provider` as an empty function object. Sending that would produce garbage — always check `size` first.
+
+> **Warning:** `make_file_body()` needs to fix the Content-Length up front, so it reads the file size ahead of time. If the file size might change mid-upload, this API isn't the right fit.
+
+> To send the file as multipart form data instead, see [C07. Upload a file as multipart form data](c07-multipart-upload).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c09-chunked-upload.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+title: "C09. Send the Body with Chunked Transfer"
+order: 9
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+When you don't know the body size up front — for data generated on the fly or piped from another stream — use `ContentProviderWithoutLength`. The client sends the body with HTTP chunked transfer encoding.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
+
+auto res = cli.Post("/stream",
+  [&](size_t offset, httplib::DataSink &sink) {
+    std::string chunk = produce_next_chunk();
+    if (chunk.empty()) {
+      sink.done(); // done sending
+      return true;
+    }
+    return sink.write(chunk.data(), chunk.size());
+  },
+  "application/octet-stream");
+```
+
+The lambda's job is just: produce the next chunk and send it with `sink.write()`. When there's no more data, call `sink.done()` and you're finished.
+
+## When the size is known
+
+If you **do** know the total size ahead of time, use the `ContentProvider` overload (taking `size_t offset, size_t length, DataSink &sink`) and pass the total size as well.
+
+```cpp
+size_t total_size = get_total_size();
+
+auto res = cli.Post("/upload", total_size,
+  [&](size_t offset, size_t length, httplib::DataSink &sink) {
+    auto data = read_range(offset, length);
+    return sink.write(data.data(), data.size());
+  },
+  "application/octet-stream");
+```
+
+With a known size, the request carries a Content-Length header — so the server can show progress. Prefer this form when you can.
+
+> **Detail:** `sink.write()` returns a `bool` indicating whether the write succeeded. If it returns `false`, the connection is gone — return `false` from the lambda to stop.
+
+> If you're just sending a file, `make_file_body()` is easier. See [C08. POST a file as raw binary](c08-post-file-body).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c10-stream-response.md

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+---
+title: "C10. Receive a Response as a Stream"
+order: 10
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+To receive a response body chunk by chunk, use a `ContentReceiver`. It's the obvious choice for large files, but it's equally handy for NDJSON (newline-delimited JSON) or log streams where you want to start processing data as it arrives.
+
+## Process each chunk
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/logs/stream",
+  [](const char *data, size_t len) {
+    std::cout.write(data, len);
+    std::cout.flush();
+    return true; // return false to stop receiving
+  });
+```
+
+Data arrives in the lambda in the order it's received from the server. Return `false` from the callback to stop the download partway through.
+
+## Parse NDJSON line by line
+
+Here's a buffered approach for processing newline-delimited JSON one line at a time.
+
+```cpp
+std::string buffer;
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/events",
+  [&](const char *data, size_t len) {
+    buffer.append(data, len);
+    size_t pos;
+    while ((pos = buffer.find('\n')) != std::string::npos) {
+      auto line = buffer.substr(0, pos);
+      buffer.erase(0, pos + 1);
+      if (!line.empty()) {
+        auto j = nlohmann::json::parse(line);
+        handle_event(j);
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  });
+```
+
+Accumulate into a buffer, then pull out and parse one line each time you see a newline. This is the standard pattern for consuming a streaming API in real time.
+
+> **Warning:** When you pass a `ContentReceiver`, `res->body` stays **empty**. Store or process the body inside the callback yourself.
+
+> To track download progress, combine this with [C11. Use the progress callback](c11-progress-callback).
+> For Server-Sent Events (SSE), see [E04. Receive SSE on the client](e04-sse-client).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c11-progress-callback.md

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+---
+title: "C11. Use the Progress Callback"
+order: 11
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+To display download or upload progress, pass a `DownloadProgress` or `UploadProgress` callback. Both take two arguments: `(current, total)`.
+
+## Download progress
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/large-file",
+  [](size_t current, size_t total) {
+    auto percent = (total > 0) ? (current * 100 / total) : 0;
+    std::cout << "\rDownloading: " << percent << "% ("
+              << current << "/" << total << ")" << std::flush;
+    return true; // return false to abort
+  });
+std::cout << std::endl;
+```
+
+The callback fires each time data arrives. `total` comes from the Content-Length header — if the server doesn't send one, it may be `0`. In that case, you can't compute a percentage, so just display bytes received.
+
+## Upload progress
+
+Uploads work the same way. Pass an `UploadProgress` as the last argument to `Post()` or `Put()`.
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
+
+std::string body = load_large_body();
+
+auto res = cli.Post("/upload", body, "application/octet-stream",
+  [](size_t current, size_t total) {
+    auto percent = current * 100 / total;
+    std::cout << "\rUploading: " << percent << "%" << std::flush;
+    return true;
+  });
+std::cout << std::endl;
+```
+
+## Cancel mid-transfer
+
+Return `false` from the callback to abort the transfer. This is how you wire up a "Cancel" button in a UI — flip a flag, and the next progress tick stops the transfer.
+
+```cpp
+std::atomic<bool> cancelled{false};
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/large-file",
+  [&](size_t current, size_t total) {
+    return !cancelled.load();
+  });
+```
+
+> **Note:** `ContentReceiver` and the progress callback can be used together. When you want to stream to a file and show progress at the same time, pass both.
+
+> For a concrete example of saving to a file, see [C01. Get the response body / save to a file](c01-get-response-body).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c12-timeouts.md

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+title: "C12. Set Timeouts"
+order: 12
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+The client has three kinds of timeouts, each set independently.
+
+| Kind | API | Default | Meaning |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Connection | `set_connection_timeout` | 300s | Time to wait for the TCP connection to establish |
+| Read | `set_read_timeout` | 300s | Time to wait for a single `recv` when receiving the response |
+| Write | `set_write_timeout` | 5s | Time to wait for a single `send` when sending the request |
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
+
+cli.set_connection_timeout(5, 0);  // 5 seconds
+cli.set_read_timeout(10, 0);       // 10 seconds
+cli.set_write_timeout(10, 0);      // 10 seconds
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/api/data");
+```
+
+Pass seconds and microseconds as two arguments. If you don't need the sub-second part, you can omit the second argument.
+
+## Use `std::chrono`
+
+There's also an overload that takes a `std::chrono` duration directly. It's easier to read — recommended.
+
+```cpp
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+cli.set_connection_timeout(5s);
+cli.set_read_timeout(10s);
+cli.set_write_timeout(500ms);
+```
+
+## Watch out for the long 300s default
+
+Connection and read timeouts default to **300 seconds (5 minutes)**. If the server hangs, you'll be waiting five minutes by default. Shorter values are usually a better idea.
+
+```cpp
+cli.set_connection_timeout(3s);
+cli.set_read_timeout(10s);
+```
+
+> **Warning:** The read timeout covers a single receive call — not the whole request. If data keeps trickling in during a large download, the request can take half an hour without ever hitting the timeout. To cap the total request time, use [C13. Set an overall timeout](c13-max-timeout).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c13-max-timeout.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+---
+title: "C13. Set an Overall Timeout"
+order: 13
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+The three timeouts from [C12. Set timeouts](c12-timeouts) all apply to a single `send` or `recv` call. To cap the total time a request can take, use `set_max_timeout()`.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
+
+cli.set_max_timeout(5000); // 5 seconds (in milliseconds)
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/slow-endpoint");
+```
+
+The value is in milliseconds. Connection, send, and receive together — the whole request is aborted if it exceeds the limit.
+
+## Use `std::chrono`
+
+There's also an overload that takes a `std::chrono` duration.
+
+```cpp
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+cli.set_max_timeout(5s);
+```
+
+## When to use which
+
+`set_read_timeout` fires when no data arrives for a while. If data keeps trickling in bit by bit, it will never fire. An endpoint that sends one byte per second can make `set_read_timeout` useless no matter how short you set it.
+
+`set_max_timeout` caps elapsed time, so it handles those cases cleanly. It's great for calls to external APIs or anywhere you don't want users waiting forever.
+
+```cpp
+cli.set_connection_timeout(3s);
+cli.set_read_timeout(10s);
+cli.set_max_timeout(30s); // abort if the whole request takes over 30s
+```
+
+> **Note:** `set_max_timeout()` works alongside the regular timeouts. Short stalls get caught by `set_read_timeout`; long-running requests get capped by `set_max_timeout`. Use both for a safety net.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c14-keep-alive.md

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+title: "C14. Understand Connection Reuse and Keep-Alive"
+order: 14
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+When you send multiple requests through the same `httplib::Client` instance, the TCP connection is reused automatically. HTTP/1.1 Keep-Alive does the work for you — you don't pay the TCP and TLS handshake cost on every call.
+
+## Connections are reused automatically
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("https://api.example.com");
+
+auto res1 = cli.Get("/users/1");
+auto res2 = cli.Get("/users/2"); // reuses the same connection
+auto res3 = cli.Get("/users/3"); // reuses the same connection
+```
+
+No special config required. Just hold on to `cli` — internally, the socket stays open across calls. The effect is especially noticeable over HTTPS, where the TLS handshake is expensive.
+
+## Disable Keep-Alive explicitly
+
+To force a fresh connection every time, call `set_keep_alive(false)`. Mostly useful for testing.
+
+```cpp
+cli.set_keep_alive(false);
+```
+
+For normal use, leave it on (the default).
+
+## Don't create a `Client` per request
+
+If you create a `Client` inside a loop and let it fall out of scope each iteration, you lose the reuse benefit. Create the instance outside the loop.
+
+```cpp
+// Bad: a new connection every iteration
+for (auto id : ids) {
+  httplib::Client cli("https://api.example.com");
+  cli.Get("/users/" + id);
+}
+
+// Good: the connection is reused
+httplib::Client cli("https://api.example.com");
+for (auto id : ids) {
+  cli.Get("/users/" + id);
+}
+```
+
+## Concurrent requests
+
+If you want to send requests in parallel from multiple threads, give each thread its own `Client` instance. A single `Client` uses a single TCP connection, so firing concurrent requests at the same instance ends up serializing them anyway.
+
+> **Note:** If the server closes the connection after its Keep-Alive timeout, cpp-httplib reconnects and retries transparently. You don't need to handle this in application code.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c15-compression.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+title: "C15. Enable Compression"
+order: 15
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+cpp-httplib supports compression when sending and decompression when receiving. You just need to build it with zlib or Brotli enabled.
+
+## Build-time setup
+
+To use compression, define these macros before including `httplib.h`:
+
+```cpp
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT    // gzip / deflate
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_BROTLI_SUPPORT  // brotli
+#include <httplib.h>
+```
+
+You'll also need to link against `zlib` or `brotli`.
+
+## Compress the request body
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("https://api.example.com");
+cli.set_compress(true);
+
+std::string big_payload = build_payload();
+auto res = cli.Post("/api/data", big_payload, "application/json");
+```
+
+With `set_compress(true)`, the body of POST or PUT requests gets gzipped before sending. The server needs to handle compressed bodies too.
+
+## Decompress the response
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("https://api.example.com");
+cli.set_decompress(true); // on by default
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/api/data");
+std::cout << res->body << std::endl;
+```
+
+With `set_decompress(true)`, the client automatically decompresses responses that arrive with `Content-Encoding: gzip` or similar. `res->body` contains the decompressed data.
+
+It's on by default, so normally you don't need to do anything. Set it to `false` only if you want the raw compressed bytes.
+
+> **Warning:** If you build without `CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT`, calling `set_compress()` or `set_decompress()` does nothing. If compression isn't working, check the macro definition first.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c16-proxy.md

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+---
+title: "C16. Send Requests Through a Proxy"
+order: 16
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+To route traffic through a corporate network or a specific path, send requests via an HTTP proxy. Just pass the proxy host and port to `set_proxy()`.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("https://api.example.com");
+cli.set_proxy("proxy.internal", 8080);
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/users");
+```
+
+The request goes through the proxy. For HTTPS, the client uses the CONNECT method to tunnel through — no extra setup required.
+
+## Proxy authentication
+
+If the proxy itself requires authentication, use `set_proxy_basic_auth()` or `set_proxy_bearer_token_auth()`.
+
+```cpp
+cli.set_proxy("proxy.internal", 8080);
+cli.set_proxy_basic_auth("user", "password");
+```
+
+```cpp
+cli.set_proxy_bearer_token_auth("token");
+```
+
+If cpp-httplib is built with OpenSSL (or another TLS backend), you can also use Digest authentication for the proxy.
+
+```cpp
+cli.set_proxy_digest_auth("user", "password");
+```
+
+## Combine with end-server authentication
+
+Proxy authentication is separate from authenticating to the end server ([C05. Use Basic authentication](c05-basic-auth), [C06. Call an API with a Bearer token](c06-bearer-token)). When both are needed, set both.
+
+```cpp
+cli.set_proxy("proxy.internal", 8080);
+cli.set_proxy_basic_auth("proxy-user", "proxy-pass");
+
+cli.set_bearer_token_auth("api-token"); // for the end server
+```
+
+`Proxy-Authorization` is sent to the proxy, `Authorization` to the end server.
+
+## Bypass the proxy for specific hosts
+
+You often want internal endpoints to skip the proxy. Configure a bypass list with `set_no_proxy()`.
+
+```cpp
+cli.set_proxy("proxy.internal", 8080);
+cli.set_no_proxy({"internal.corp", "10.0.0.0/8", "*.dev.local"});
+```
+
+Each entry is one of:
+
+- `*` — bypass the proxy for all hosts
+- a hostname suffix (e.g. `example.com`) — matches `example.com` itself and any subdomain (`foo.example.com`). A leading dot is permitted but informational; both forms are equivalent.
+- a single IP literal (e.g. `192.168.1.1`, `::1`)
+- a CIDR block (e.g. `10.0.0.0/8`, `fe80::/10`)
+
+Hostname matching is case-insensitive and uses a dot-boundary rule, so an entry of `example.com` does **not** match `evilexample.com`. IP comparisons are normalized through `inet_pton`, so `127.0.0.1` cannot be bypassed via alternate string forms (e.g. `127.000.000.001`). When an entry matches, the `Proxy-Authorization` header is suppressed as well.
+
+Malformed entries are silently dropped. Port-specific entries such as `example.com:8080` are not supported (cpp-httplib's other host-keyed APIs are also keyed on hostname only).
+
+## Read proxy settings from the environment
+
+cpp-httplib doesn't touch `HTTP_PROXY` / `HTTPS_PROXY` / `NO_PROXY` on its own — the config API is always explicit, the same way `set_ca_cert_path()` is. If you'd like that behavior, read the variables in your application and feed them to `set_proxy()` and `set_no_proxy()`.
+
+```cpp
+if (const char *v = std::getenv("no_proxy")) {
+  std::vector<std::string> patterns;
+  std::stringstream ss(v);
+  for (std::string item; std::getline(ss, item, ',');) {
+    if (!item.empty()) { patterns.push_back(item); }
+  }
+  cli.set_no_proxy(patterns);
+}
+```
+
+If you also read `HTTP_PROXY` yourself, honor the lowercase `http_proxy` only. The uppercase form is poisoned in CGI/FastCGI environments by the `Proxy:` request header ([CVE-2016-5385 / "httpoxy"](https://httpoxy.org/)). `HTTPS_PROXY` and `NO_PROXY` are safe in either case because their names don't begin with `HTTP_`.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c17-error-codes.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+title: "C17. Handle Error Codes"
+order: 17
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+`cli.Get()`, `cli.Post()`, and friends return a `Result`. When the request fails — can't reach the server, times out, etc. — the result is "falsy". To get the specific reason, use `Result::error()`.
+
+## Basic check
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
+auto res = cli.Get("/api/data");
+
+if (res) {
+  // the request was sent and a response came back
+  std::cout << "status: " << res->status << std::endl;
+} else {
+  // the network layer failed
+  std::cerr << "error: " << httplib::to_string(res.error()) << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+Use `if (res)` to check success. On failure, `res.error()` returns a `httplib::Error` enum value. Pass it to `to_string()` to get a human-readable description.
+
+## Common errors
+
+| Value | Meaning |
+| --- | --- |
+| `Error::Connection` | Couldn't connect to the server |
+| `Error::ConnectionTimeout` | Connection timeout (`set_connection_timeout`) |
+| `Error::Read` / `Error::Write` | Error during send or receive |
+| `Error::Timeout` | Overall timeout set via `set_max_timeout` |
+| `Error::ExceedRedirectCount` | Too many redirects |
+| `Error::SSLConnection` | TLS handshake failed |
+| `Error::SSLServerVerification` | Server certificate verification failed |
+| `Error::Canceled` | A progress callback returned `false` |
+
+## Network errors vs. HTTP errors
+
+Even when `res` is truthy, the HTTP status code can still be 4xx or 5xx. These are two different things.
+
+```cpp
+auto res = cli.Get("/api/data");
+if (!res) {
+  // network error (no response received at all)
+  std::cerr << "network error: " << httplib::to_string(res.error()) << std::endl;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+if (res->status >= 400) {
+  // HTTP error (response received, but the status is bad)
+  std::cerr << "http error: " << res->status << std::endl;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+// success
+std::cout << res->body << std::endl;
+```
+
+Keep them separated in your head: network-layer errors go through `res.error()`, HTTP-level errors through `res->status`.
+
+> To dig deeper into SSL-related errors, see [C18. Handle SSL errors](c18-ssl-errors).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c18-ssl-errors.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+title: "C18. Handle SSL Errors"
+order: 18
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+When an HTTPS request fails, `res.error()` returns values like `Error::SSLConnection` or `Error::SSLServerVerification`. Sometimes that's not enough to pinpoint the cause. That's where `Result::ssl_error()` and `Result::ssl_backend_error()` help.
+
+## Get the SSL error details
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("https://api.example.com");
+auto res = cli.Get("/");
+
+if (!res) {
+  auto err = res.error();
+  std::cerr << "error: " << httplib::to_string(err) << std::endl;
+
+  if (err == httplib::Error::SSLConnection ||
+      err == httplib::Error::SSLServerVerification) {
+    std::cerr << "ssl_error: " << res.ssl_error() << std::endl;
+    std::cerr << "ssl_backend_error: " << res.ssl_backend_error() << std::endl;
+  }
+}
+```
+
+`ssl_error()` returns the error code from the SSL library (e.g., OpenSSL's `SSL_get_error()`). `ssl_backend_error()` gives you the backend's more detailed error value — for OpenSSL, that's `ERR_get_error()`.
+
+## Format OpenSSL errors as strings
+
+When you have a value from `ssl_backend_error()`, pass it to OpenSSL's `ERR_error_string()` to get a readable message.
+
+```cpp
+#include <openssl/err.h>
+
+if (res.ssl_backend_error() != 0) {
+  char buf[256];
+  ERR_error_string_n(res.ssl_backend_error(), buf, sizeof(buf));
+  std::cerr << "openssl: " << buf << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+## Common causes
+
+| Symptom | Usual suspect |
+| --- | --- |
+| `SSLServerVerification` | CA certificate path isn't configured, or the cert is self-signed |
+| `SSLServerHostnameVerification` | The cert's CN/SAN doesn't match the host |
+| `SSLConnection` | TLS version mismatch, no shared cipher suite |
+
+> To change certificate verification settings, see [T02. Control SSL certificate verification](t02-cert-verification).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/c19-client-logger.md

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+---
+title: "C19. Set a Logger on the Client"
+order: 19
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+To log requests sent and responses received by the client, use `set_logger()`. If you only care about errors, there's a separate `set_error_logger()`.
+
+## Log requests and responses
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("https://api.example.com");
+
+cli.set_logger([](const httplib::Request &req, const httplib::Response &res) {
+  std::cout << req.method << " " << req.path
+            << " -> " << res.status << std::endl;
+});
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/users");
+```
+
+The callback you pass to `set_logger()` fires once for each completed request. You get both the request and the response as arguments — so you can log the method, path, status, headers, body, or whatever else you need.
+
+## Catch errors only
+
+When a network-layer error happens (like `Error::Connection`), `set_logger()` is **not** called — there's no response to log. For those cases, use `set_error_logger()`.
+
+```cpp
+cli.set_error_logger([](const httplib::Error &err, const httplib::Request *req) {
+  std::cerr << "error: " << httplib::to_string(err);
+  if (req) {
+    std::cerr << " (" << req->method << " " << req->path << ")";
+  }
+  std::cerr << std::endl;
+});
+```
+
+The second argument `req` can be null — it happens when the failure occurred before the request was built. Always null-check before dereferencing.
+
+## Use both together
+
+A nice pattern is to log successes through one, failures through the other.
+
+```cpp
+cli.set_logger([](const auto &req, const auto &res) {
+  std::cout << "[ok] " << req.method << " " << req.path
+            << " " << res.status << std::endl;
+});
+
+cli.set_error_logger([](const auto &err, const auto *req) {
+  std::cerr << "[ng] " << httplib::to_string(err);
+  if (req) std::cerr << " " << req->method << " " << req->path;
+  std::cerr << std::endl;
+});
+```
+
+> **Note:** The log callbacks run synchronously on the same thread as the request. Heavy work inside them slows the request down — push it to a background queue if you need to do anything expensive.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/e01-sse-server.md

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+---
+title: "E01. Implement an SSE Server"
+order: 47
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+Server-Sent Events (SSE) is a simple protocol for pushing events one-way from server to client. The connection stays open, and the server can send data whenever it wants. It's lighter than WebSocket and fits entirely within HTTP — a nice combination.
+
+cpp-httplib doesn't have a dedicated SSE server API, but you can implement one with `set_chunked_content_provider()` and `text/event-stream`.
+
+## Basic SSE server
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/events", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  res.set_chunked_content_provider(
+    "text/event-stream",
+    [](size_t offset, httplib::DataSink &sink) {
+      std::string message = "data: hello\n\n";
+      sink.write(message.data(), message.size());
+      std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
+      return true;
+    });
+});
+```
+
+Three things matter here:
+
+1. Content-Type is `text/event-stream`
+2. Messages follow the format `data: <content>\n\n` (the double newline separates events)
+3. Each `sink.write()` delivers data to the client
+
+The provider lambda keeps being called as long as the connection is alive.
+
+## A continuous stream
+
+Here's a simple example that sends the current time once per second.
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/time", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  res.set_chunked_content_provider(
+    "text/event-stream",
+    [&req](size_t offset, httplib::DataSink &sink) {
+      if (req.is_connection_closed()) {
+        sink.done();
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+      auto t = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);
+      std::string msg = "data: " + std::string(std::ctime(&t)) + "\n";
+      sink.write(msg.data(), msg.size());
+
+      std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
+      return true;
+    });
+});
+```
+
+When the client disconnects, call `sink.done()` to stop. Details in [S16. Detect client disconnection](s16-disconnect).
+
+## Heartbeats via comment lines
+
+Lines starting with `:` are SSE comments — clients ignore them, but they **keep the connection alive**. Handy for preventing proxies and load balancers from closing idle connections.
+
+```cpp
+// heartbeat every 30 seconds
+if (tick_count % 30 == 0) {
+  std::string ping = ": ping\n\n";
+  sink.write(ping.data(), ping.size());
+}
+```
+
+## Relationship with the thread pool
+
+SSE connections stay open, so each client holds a worker thread. For lots of concurrent connections, enable dynamic scaling on the thread pool.
+
+```cpp
+svr.new_task_queue = [] {
+  return new httplib::ThreadPool(8, 128);
+};
+```
+
+See [S21. Configure the thread pool](s21-thread-pool).
+
+> **Note:** When `data:` contains newlines, split it into multiple `data:` lines — one per line. This is how the SSE spec requires multiline data to be transmitted.
+
+> For event names, see [E02. Use named events in SSE](e02-sse-event-names). For the client side, see [E04. Receive SSE on the client](e04-sse-client).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/e02-sse-event-names.md

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+---
+title: "E02. Use Named Events in SSE"
+order: 48
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+SSE lets you send multiple kinds of events over the same stream. Give each one a name with the `event:` field, and the client can dispatch to a different handler per type. Great for things like "new message", "user joined", "user left" in a chat app.
+
+## Send events with names
+
+```cpp
+auto send_event = [](httplib::DataSink &sink,
+                     const std::string &event,
+                     const std::string &data) {
+  std::string msg = "event: " + event + "\n"
+                  + "data: " + data + "\n\n";
+  sink.write(msg.data(), msg.size());
+};
+
+svr.Get("/chat/stream", [&](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  res.set_chunked_content_provider(
+    "text/event-stream",
+    [&, send_event](size_t offset, httplib::DataSink &sink) {
+      send_event(sink, "message", "Hello!");
+      std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(2));
+      send_event(sink, "join", "alice");
+      std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(2));
+      send_event(sink, "leave", "bob");
+      std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(2));
+      return true;
+    });
+});
+```
+
+A message is `event:` → `data:` → blank line. If you omit `event:`, the client treats it as a default `"message"` event.
+
+## Attach IDs for reconnect
+
+When you include an `id:` field, the client automatically sends it back as `Last-Event-ID` on reconnect, telling the server "here's how far I got."
+
+```cpp
+auto send_event = [](httplib::DataSink &sink,
+                     const std::string &event,
+                     const std::string &data,
+                     const std::string &id) {
+  std::string msg = "id: " + id + "\n"
+                  + "event: " + event + "\n"
+                  + "data: " + data + "\n\n";
+  sink.write(msg.data(), msg.size());
+};
+
+send_event(sink, "message", "Hello!", "42");
+```
+
+The ID format is up to you. Monotonic counters or UUIDs both work — just pick something unique and orderable on the server side. See [E03. Handle SSE reconnection](e03-sse-reconnect) for details.
+
+## JSON payloads in data
+
+For structured data, the usual move is to put JSON in `data:`.
+
+```cpp
+nlohmann::json payload = {
+  {"user", "alice"},
+  {"text", "Hello!"},
+};
+send_event(sink, "message", payload.dump(), "42");
+```
+
+On the client, parse the incoming `data` as JSON to get the original object back.
+
+## Data with newlines
+
+If the data value contains newlines, split it across multiple `data:` lines.
+
+```cpp
+std::string msg = "data: line1\n"
+                  "data: line2\n"
+                  "data: line3\n\n";
+sink.write(msg.data(), msg.size());
+```
+
+On the client side, these come back as a single `data` string with newlines.
+
+> **Note:** Using `event:` makes client-side dispatch cleaner, but it also helps in the browser DevTools — events are easier to filter by type. That matters more than you'd expect while debugging.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/e03-sse-reconnect.md

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+---
+title: "E03. Handle SSE Reconnection"
+order: 49
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+SSE connections drop for all sorts of network reasons. Clients automatically try to reconnect, so it's a good idea to make your server resume from where it left off.
+
+## Read `Last-Event-ID`
+
+When the client reconnects, it sends the ID of the last event it received in the `Last-Event-ID` header. The server reads that and picks up from the next one.
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/events", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  auto last_id = req.get_header_value("Last-Event-ID");
+  int start = last_id.empty() ? 0 : std::stoi(last_id) + 1;
+
+  res.set_chunked_content_provider(
+    "text/event-stream",
+    [start](size_t offset, httplib::DataSink &sink) mutable {
+      static int next_id = 0;
+      if (next_id < start) { next_id = start; }
+
+      std::string msg = "id: " + std::to_string(next_id) + "\n"
+                      + "data: event " + std::to_string(next_id) + "\n\n";
+      sink.write(msg.data(), msg.size());
+      ++next_id;
+
+      std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
+      return true;
+    });
+});
+```
+
+On the first connect, `Last-Event-ID` is empty, so start from `0`. On reconnect, resume from the next ID. Event history is the server's responsibility — you need to keep recent events around somewhere.
+
+## Set the reconnect interval
+
+Sending a `retry:` field tells the client how long to wait before reconnecting, in milliseconds.
+
+```cpp
+std::string msg = "retry: 5000\n\n";  // reconnect after 5 seconds
+sink.write(msg.data(), msg.size());
+```
+
+Usually you send this once at the start. During peak load or maintenance windows, a longer retry interval helps reduce reconnect storms.
+
+## Buffer recent events
+
+To support reconnection, keep a rolling buffer of recent events on the server.
+
+```cpp
+struct EventBuffer {
+  std::mutex mu;
+  std::deque<std::pair<int, std::string>> events; // {id, data}
+  int next_id = 0;
+
+  void push(const std::string &data) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mu);
+    events.push_back({next_id++, data});
+    if (events.size() > 1000) { events.pop_front(); }
+  }
+
+  std::vector<std::pair<int, std::string>> since(int id) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mu);
+    std::vector<std::pair<int, std::string>> out;
+    for (const auto &e : events) {
+      if (e.first >= id) { out.push_back(e); }
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+```
+
+When a client reconnects, call `since(last_id)` to send any events it missed.
+
+## How much to keep
+
+The buffer size is a tradeoff between memory and how far back a client can resume. It depends on the use case:
+
+- Real-time chat: a few minutes to half an hour
+- Notifications: the last N items
+- Trading data: persist to a database and pull from there
+
+> **Warning:** `Last-Event-ID` is a client-provided value — don't trust it blindly. If you read it as a number, validate the range. If it's a string, sanitize it.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/e04-sse-client.md

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+---
+title: "E04. Receive SSE on the Client"
+order: 50
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+cpp-httplib ships a dedicated `sse::SSEClient` class. It handles auto-reconnect, per-event-name dispatch, and `Last-Event-ID` tracking for you — so receiving SSE is painless.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+#include <httplib.h>
+
+httplib::Client cli("http://localhost:8080");
+httplib::sse::SSEClient sse(cli, "/events");
+
+sse.on_message([](const httplib::sse::SSEMessage &msg) {
+  std::cout << "data: " << msg.data << std::endl;
+});
+
+sse.start(); // blocking
+```
+
+Build an `SSEClient` with a `Client` and a path, register a callback with `on_message()`, and call `start()`. The event loop kicks in and automatically reconnects if the connection drops.
+
+## Dispatch by event name
+
+When the server sends events with an `event:` field, register a handler per name via `on_event()`.
+
+```cpp
+sse.on_event("message", [](const auto &msg) {
+  std::cout << "chat: " << msg.data << std::endl;
+});
+
+sse.on_event("join", [](const auto &msg) {
+  std::cout << msg.data << " joined" << std::endl;
+});
+
+sse.on_event("leave", [](const auto &msg) {
+  std::cout << msg.data << " left" << std::endl;
+});
+```
+
+`on_message()` serves as a generic fallback for unnamed events (the default `message` type).
+
+## Connection lifecycle and errors
+
+```cpp
+sse.on_open([] {
+  std::cout << "connected" << std::endl;
+});
+
+sse.on_error([](httplib::Error err) {
+  std::cerr << "error: " << httplib::to_string(err) << std::endl;
+});
+```
+
+Hook into connection open and error events. Even when the error handler fires, `SSEClient` keeps trying to reconnect in the background.
+
+## Run asynchronously
+
+If you don't want to block the main thread, use `start_async()`.
+
+```cpp
+sse.start_async();
+
+// main thread continues to do other things
+do_other_work();
+
+// when you're done, stop it
+sse.stop();
+```
+
+`start_async()` spawns a background thread to run the event loop. Use `stop()` to shut it down cleanly.
+
+## Configure reconnection
+
+You can tune the reconnect interval and maximum retries.
+
+```cpp
+sse.set_reconnect_interval(5000);    // 5 seconds
+sse.set_max_reconnect_attempts(10);  // up to 10 (0 = unlimited)
+```
+
+If the server sends a `retry:` field, that takes precedence.
+
+## Automatic Last-Event-ID
+
+`SSEClient` tracks the `id` of each received event internally and sends it back as `Last-Event-ID` on reconnect. As long as the server sends events with `id:`, this all works automatically.
+
+```cpp
+std::cout << "last id: " << sse.last_event_id() << std::endl;
+```
+
+Use `last_event_id()` to read the current value.
+
+> **Note:** `SSEClient::start()` blocks, which is fine for a one-off command-line tool. For GUI apps or embedded in a server, the `start_async()` + `stop()` pair is the usual pattern.
+
+> For the server side, see [E01. Implement an SSE server](e01-sse-server).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+---
+title: "Cookbook"
+order: 0
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+A collection of recipes that answer "How do I...?" questions. Each recipe is self-contained — read only what you need. For an introduction to the basics, see the [Tour](../tour/).
+
+## Client
+
+### Basics
+- [C01. Get the response body / save to a file](c01-get-response-body)
+- [C02. Send and receive JSON](c02-json)
+- [C03. Set default headers](c03-default-headers)
+- [C04. Follow redirects](c04-follow-location)
+
+### Authentication
+- [C05. Use Basic authentication](c05-basic-auth)
+- [C06. Call an API with a Bearer token](c06-bearer-token)
+
+### File Upload
+- [C07. Upload a file as multipart form data](c07-multipart-upload)
+- [C08. POST a file as raw binary](c08-post-file-body)
+- [C09. Send the body with chunked transfer](c09-chunked-upload)
+
+### Streaming & Progress
+- [C10. Receive a response as a stream](c10-stream-response)
+- [C11. Use the progress callback](c11-progress-callback)
+
+### Connection & Performance
+- [C12. Set timeouts](c12-timeouts)
+- [C13. Set an overall timeout](c13-max-timeout)
+- [C14. Understand connection reuse and Keep-Alive behavior](c14-keep-alive)
+- [C15. Enable compression](c15-compression)
+- [C16. Send requests through a proxy](c16-proxy)
+
+### Error Handling & Debugging
+- [C17. Handle error codes](c17-error-codes)
+- [C18. Handle SSL errors](c18-ssl-errors)
+- [C19. Set up client logging](c19-client-logger)
+
+## Server
+
+### Basics
+- [S01. Register GET / POST / PUT / DELETE handlers](s01-handlers)
+- [S02. Receive JSON requests and return JSON responses](s02-json-api)
+- [S03. Use path parameters](s03-path-params)
+- [S04. Set up a static file server](s04-static-files)
+
+### Streaming & Files
+- [S05. Stream a large file in the response](s05-stream-response)
+- [S06. Return a file download response](s06-download-response)
+- [S07. Receive multipart data as a stream](s07-multipart-reader)
+- [S08. Return a compressed response](s08-compress-response)
+
+### Handler Chain
+- [S09. Add pre-processing to all routes](s09-pre-routing)
+- [S10. Add response headers with a post-routing handler](s10-post-routing)
+- [S11. Authenticate per route with a pre-request handler](s11-pre-request)
+- [S12. Pass data between handlers with `res.user_data`](s12-user-data)
+
+### Error Handling & Debugging
+- [S13. Return custom error pages](s13-error-handler)
+- [S14. Catch exceptions](s14-exception-handler)
+- [S15. Log requests](s15-server-logger)
+- [S16. Detect client disconnection](s16-disconnect)
+
+### Operations & Tuning
+- [S17. Bind to any available port](s17-bind-any-port)
+- [S18. Control startup order with `listen_after_bind`](s18-listen-after-bind)
+- [S19. Shut down gracefully](s19-graceful-shutdown)
+- [S20. Tune Keep-Alive](s20-keep-alive)
+- [S21. Configure the thread pool](s21-thread-pool)
+- [S22. Talk over a Unix domain socket](s22-unix-socket)
+
+## TLS / Security
+
+- [T01. Choosing between OpenSSL, mbedTLS, and wolfSSL](t01-tls-backends)
+- [T02. Control SSL certificate verification](t02-cert-verification)
+- [T03. Start an SSL/TLS server](t03-ssl-server)
+- [T04. Configure mTLS](t04-mtls)
+- [T05. Access the peer certificate on the server](t05-peer-cert)
+
+## SSE
+
+- [E01. Implement an SSE server](e01-sse-server)
+- [E02. Use named events in SSE](e02-sse-event-names)
+- [E03. Handle SSE reconnection](e03-sse-reconnect)
+- [E04. Receive SSE on the client](e04-sse-client)
+
+## WebSocket
+
+- [W01. Implement a WebSocket echo server and client](w01-websocket-echo)
+- [W02. Set a WebSocket heartbeat](w02-websocket-ping)
+- [W03. Handle connection close](w03-websocket-close)
+- [W04. Send and receive binary frames](w04-websocket-binary)

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s01-handlers.md

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+---
+title: "S01. Register GET / POST / PUT / DELETE Handlers"
+order: 20
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+With `httplib::Server`, you register a handler per HTTP method. Just pass a pattern and a lambda to `Get()`, `Post()`, `Put()`, or `Delete()`.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+#include <httplib.h>
+
+int main() {
+  httplib::Server svr;
+
+  svr.Get("/hello", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    res.set_content("Hello, World!", "text/plain");
+  });
+
+  svr.Post("/api/items", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    // req.body holds the request body
+    res.status = 201;
+    res.set_content("Created", "text/plain");
+  });
+
+  svr.Put("/api/items/1", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    res.set_content("Updated", "text/plain");
+  });
+
+  svr.Delete("/api/items/1", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    res.status = 204;
+  });
+
+  svr.listen("0.0.0.0", 8080);
+}
+```
+
+Handlers take `(const Request&, Response&)`. Use `res.set_content()` to set the body and Content-Type, and `res.status` for the status code. `listen()` starts the server and blocks.
+
+## Read query parameters
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/search", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  auto q = req.get_param_value("q");
+  auto limit = req.get_param_value("limit");
+  res.set_content("q=" + q + ", limit=" + limit, "text/plain");
+});
+```
+
+`req.get_param_value()` pulls a value from the query string. Use `req.has_param("q")` if you want to check existence first.
+
+## Read request headers
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/me", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  auto ua = req.get_header_value("User-Agent");
+  res.set_content("UA: " + ua, "text/plain");
+});
+```
+
+To add a response header, use `res.set_header("Name", "Value")`.
+
+> **Note:** `listen()` is a blocking call. To run it on a different thread, wrap it in `std::thread`. If you need non-blocking startup, see [S18. Control startup order with `listen_after_bind`](s18-listen-after-bind).
+
+> To use path parameters like `/users/:id`, see [S03. Use path parameters](s03-path-params).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s02-json-api.md

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+---
+title: "S02. Receive a JSON Request and Return a JSON Response"
+order: 21
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+cpp-httplib doesn't include a JSON parser. On the server side, combine it with something like [nlohmann/json](https://github.com/nlohmann/json). The examples below use `nlohmann/json`.
+
+## Receive and return JSON
+
+```cpp
+#include <httplib.h>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+int main() {
+  httplib::Server svr;
+
+  svr.Post("/api/users", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    try {
+      auto in = nlohmann::json::parse(req.body);
+
+      nlohmann::json out = {
+        {"id", 42},
+        {"name", in["name"]},
+        {"created_at", "2026-04-10T12:00:00Z"},
+      };
+
+      res.status = 201;
+      res.set_content(out.dump(), "application/json");
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content("{\"error\":\"invalid json\"}", "application/json");
+    }
+  });
+
+  svr.listen("0.0.0.0", 8080);
+}
+```
+
+`req.body` is a plain `std::string`, so you pass it straight to your JSON library. For the response, `dump()` to a string and set the Content-Type to `application/json`.
+
+## Check the Content-Type
+
+```cpp
+svr.Post("/api/users", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  auto content_type = req.get_header_value("Content-Type");
+  if (content_type.find("application/json") == std::string::npos) {
+    res.status = 415; // Unsupported Media Type
+    return;
+  }
+  // ...
+});
+```
+
+When you strictly want JSON only, verify the Content-Type up front.
+
+## A helper for JSON responses
+
+If you're writing the same pattern repeatedly, a small helper saves typing.
+
+```cpp
+auto send_json = [](httplib::Response &res, int status, const nlohmann::json &j) {
+  res.status = status;
+  res.set_content(j.dump(), "application/json");
+};
+
+svr.Get("/api/health", [&](const auto &req, auto &res) {
+  send_json(res, 200, {{"status", "ok"}});
+});
+```
+
+> **Note:** A large JSON body ends up entirely in `req.body`, which means it all sits in memory. For huge payloads, consider streaming reception — see [S07. Receive multipart data as a stream](s07-multipart-reader).
+
+> For the client side, see [C02. Send and receive JSON](c02-json).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s03-path-params.md

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+title: "S03. Use Path Parameters"
+order: 22
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+For dynamic URLs like `/users/:id` — the staple of REST APIs — just put `:name` in the path pattern. The matched values end up in `req.path_params`.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/users/:id", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  auto id = req.path_params.at("id");
+  res.set_content("user id: " + id, "text/plain");
+});
+```
+
+A request to `/users/42` fills `req.path_params["id"]` with `"42"`. `path_params` is a `std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>`, so use `at()` to read it.
+
+## Multiple parameters
+
+You can have as many as you need.
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/orgs/:org/repos/:repo", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  auto org = req.path_params.at("org");
+  auto repo = req.path_params.at("repo");
+  res.set_content(org + "/" + repo, "text/plain");
+});
+```
+
+This matches paths like `/orgs/anthropic/repos/cpp-httplib`.
+
+## Regex patterns
+
+For more flexible matching, use a `std::regex`-based pattern.
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get(R"(/users/(\d+))", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  auto id = req.matches[1];
+  res.set_content("user id: " + std::string(id), "text/plain");
+});
+```
+
+Parentheses in the pattern become captures in `req.matches`. `req.matches[0]` is the full match; `req.matches[1]` onward are the captures.
+
+## Which to use
+
+- For plain IDs or slugs, `:name` is enough — readable, and the shape is obvious
+- Use regex when you want to constrain the URL to, say, numbers only or a UUID format
+- Mixing both can get confusing — stick with one style per project
+
+> **Note:** Path parameters come in as strings. If you need an integer, convert with `std::stoi()` and don't forget to handle conversion errors.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s04-static-files.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+title: "S04. Serve Static Files"
+order: 23
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+To serve static files like HTML, CSS, and images, use `set_mount_point()`. Just map a URL path to a local directory, and the whole directory becomes accessible.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Server svr;
+svr.set_mount_point("/", "./public");
+svr.listen("0.0.0.0", 8080);
+```
+
+`./public/index.html` is now reachable at `http://localhost:8080/index.html`, and `./public/css/style.css` at `http://localhost:8080/css/style.css`. The directory layout maps directly to URLs.
+
+## Multiple mount points
+
+You can register more than one mount point.
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_mount_point("/", "./public");
+svr.set_mount_point("/assets", "./dist/assets");
+svr.set_mount_point("/uploads", "./var/uploads");
+```
+
+You can even mount multiple directories at the same path — they're searched in registration order, and the first hit wins.
+
+## Combine with API handlers
+
+Static files and API handlers coexist happily. Handlers registered with `Get()` and friends take priority; the mount points are searched only when nothing matches.
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/api/users", [](const auto &req, auto &res) {
+  res.set_content("[]", "application/json");
+});
+
+svr.set_mount_point("/", "./public");
+```
+
+This gives you an SPA-friendly setup: `/api/*` hits the handlers, everything else is served from `./public/`.
+
+## Add MIME types
+
+cpp-httplib ships with a built-in extension-to-Content-Type map, but you can add your own.
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping("wasm", "application/wasm");
+```
+
+> **Warning:** The static file server methods are **not thread-safe**. Don't call them after `listen()` — configure everything before starting the server.
+
+> For download-style responses, see [S06. Return a file download response](s06-download-response).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s05-stream-response.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+title: "S05. Stream a Large File in the Response"
+order: 24
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+When the response is a huge file or data generated on the fly, loading the whole thing into memory isn't realistic. Use `Response::set_content_provider()` to produce data in chunks as you send it.
+
+## When the size is known
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/download", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  size_t total_size = get_file_size("large.bin");
+
+  res.set_content_provider(
+    total_size, "application/octet-stream",
+    [](size_t offset, size_t length, httplib::DataSink &sink) {
+      auto data = read_range_from_file("large.bin", offset, length);
+      sink.write(data.data(), data.size());
+      return true;
+    });
+});
+```
+
+The lambda is called repeatedly with `offset` and `length`. Read just that range and write it to `sink`. Only a small chunk sits in memory at any given time.
+
+## Just send a file
+
+If you only want to serve a file, `set_file_content()` is far simpler.
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/download", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  res.set_file_content("large.bin", "application/octet-stream");
+});
+```
+
+It streams internally, so even huge files are safe. Omit the Content-Type and it's guessed from the extension.
+
+## When the size is unknown — chunked transfer
+
+For data generated on the fly, where you don't know the total size up front, use `set_chunked_content_provider()`. It's sent with HTTP chunked transfer encoding.
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/events", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  res.set_chunked_content_provider(
+    "text/plain",
+    [](size_t offset, httplib::DataSink &sink) {
+      auto chunk = produce_next_chunk();
+      if (chunk.empty()) {
+        sink.done(); // done sending
+        return true;
+      }
+      sink.write(chunk.data(), chunk.size());
+      return true;
+    });
+});
+```
+
+Call `sink.done()` to signal the end.
+
+> **Note:** The provider lambda is called multiple times. Watch out for the lifetime of captured variables — wrap them in a `std::shared_ptr` if needed.
+
+> To serve the file as a download, see [S06. Return a file download response](s06-download-response).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s06-download-response.md

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+---
+title: "S06. Return a File Download Response"
+order: 25
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+To force a browser to show a **download dialog** instead of rendering inline, send a `Content-Disposition` header. There's no special cpp-httplib API for this — it's just a header.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/download/report", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  res.set_header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=\"report.pdf\"");
+  res.set_file_content("reports/2026-04.pdf", "application/pdf");
+});
+```
+
+`Content-Disposition: attachment` makes the browser pop up a "Save As" dialog. The `filename=` parameter becomes the default save name.
+
+## Non-ASCII file names
+
+For file names with non-ASCII characters or spaces, use the RFC 5987 `filename*` form.
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/download/report", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  res.set_header(
+    "Content-Disposition",
+    "attachment; filename=\"report.pdf\"; "
+    "filename*=UTF-8''%E3%83%AC%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88.pdf");
+  res.set_file_content("reports/2026-04.pdf", "application/pdf");
+});
+```
+
+The part after `filename*=UTF-8''` is URL-encoded UTF-8. Keep the ASCII `filename=` too, as a fallback for older browsers.
+
+## Download dynamically generated data
+
+You don't need a real file — you can serve a generated string as a download directly.
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/export.csv", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  std::string csv = build_csv();
+  res.set_header("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=\"export.csv\"");
+  res.set_content(csv, "text/csv");
+});
+```
+
+This is the classic pattern for CSV exports.
+
+> **Note:** Some browsers will trigger a download based on Content-Type alone, even without `Content-Disposition`. Conversely, setting `inline` tries to render the content in the browser when possible.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s07-multipart-reader.md

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---
+title: "S07. Receive Multipart Data as a Stream"
+order: 26
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+A naive upload handler puts the whole request into `req.body`, which blows up memory for large files. Use `HandlerWithContentReader` to receive the body chunk by chunk.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+svr.Post("/upload",
+  [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res,
+     const httplib::ContentReader &content_reader) {
+    if (req.is_multipart_form_data()) {
+      content_reader(
+        // headers of each part
+        [&](const httplib::FormData &file) {
+          std::cout << "name: " << file.name
+                    << ", filename: " << file.filename << std::endl;
+          return true;
+        },
+        // body of each part (called multiple times)
+        [&](const char *data, size_t len) {
+          // write to disk here, for example
+          return true;
+        });
+    } else {
+      // plain request body
+      content_reader([&](const char *data, size_t len) {
+        return true;
+      });
+    }
+
+    res.set_content("ok", "text/plain");
+  });
+```
+
+The `content_reader` has two call shapes. For multipart data, pass two callbacks (one for headers, one for body). For plain bodies, pass just one.
+
+## Write directly to disk
+
+Here's how to stream an uploaded file to disk.
+
+```cpp
+svr.Post("/upload",
+  [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res,
+     const httplib::ContentReader &content_reader) {
+    std::ofstream ofs;
+
+    content_reader(
+      [&](const httplib::FormData &file) {
+        if (!file.filename.empty()) {
+          ofs.open("uploads/" + file.filename, std::ios::binary);
+        }
+        return static_cast<bool>(ofs);
+      },
+      [&](const char *data, size_t len) {
+        ofs.write(data, len);
+        return static_cast<bool>(ofs);
+      });
+
+    res.set_content("uploaded", "text/plain");
+  });
+```
+
+Only a small chunk sits in memory at any moment, so gigabyte-scale files are no problem.
+
+> **Warning:** When you use `HandlerWithContentReader`, `req.body` stays **empty**. Handle the body yourself inside the callbacks.
+
+> For the client side of multipart uploads, see [C07. Upload a file as multipart form data](c07-multipart-upload).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s08-compress-response.md

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+title: "S08. Return a Compressed Response"
+order: 27
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+cpp-httplib automatically compresses response bodies when the client indicates support via `Accept-Encoding`. The handler doesn't need to do anything special. Supported encodings are gzip, Brotli, and Zstd.
+
+## Build-time setup
+
+To enable compression, define the relevant macros before including `httplib.h`:
+
+```cpp
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT     // gzip
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_BROTLI_SUPPORT   // brotli
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_ZSTD_SUPPORT     // zstd
+#include <httplib.h>
+```
+
+You'll also need to link `zlib`, `brotli`, and `zstd` respectively. Enable only what you need.
+
+## Usage
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/api/data", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  std::string body = build_large_response();
+  res.set_content(body, "application/json");
+});
+```
+
+That's it. If the client sent `Accept-Encoding: gzip`, cpp-httplib compresses the response with gzip automatically. `Content-Encoding: gzip` and `Vary: Accept-Encoding` are added for you.
+
+## Encoding priority
+
+When the client accepts multiple encodings, cpp-httplib picks in this order (among those enabled at build time): Brotli → Zstd → gzip. Your code doesn't need to care — you always get the most efficient option available.
+
+## Streaming responses are compressed too
+
+Streaming responses via `set_chunked_content_provider()` get the same automatic compression.
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/events", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  res.set_chunked_content_provider(
+    "text/plain",
+    [](size_t offset, httplib::DataSink &sink) {
+      // ...
+    });
+});
+```
+
+> **Note:** Tiny responses barely benefit from compression and just waste CPU time. cpp-httplib skips compression for bodies that are too small to bother with.
+
+> For the client-side counterpart, see [C15. Enable compression](c15-compression).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s09-pre-routing.md

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+---
+title: "S09. Add Pre-Processing to All Routes"
+order: 28
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+Sometimes you want the same logic to run before every request — auth checks, logging, rate limiting. Register those with `set_pre_routing_handler()`.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_pre_routing_handler(
+  [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    std::cout << req.method << " " << req.path << std::endl;
+    return httplib::Server::HandlerResponse::Unhandled;
+  });
+```
+
+The pre-routing handler runs **before routing**. It catches every request — including ones that don't match any handler.
+
+The `HandlerResponse` return value is key:
+
+- Return `Unhandled` → continue normally (routing and the actual handler run)
+- Return `Handled` → the response is considered complete, skip the rest
+
+## Use it for authentication
+
+Put your shared auth check in one place.
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_pre_routing_handler(
+  [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    if (req.path.rfind("/public", 0) == 0) {
+      return httplib::Server::HandlerResponse::Unhandled; // no auth needed
+    }
+
+    auto auth = req.get_header_value("Authorization");
+    if (auth.empty()) {
+      res.status = 401;
+      res.set_content("unauthorized", "text/plain");
+      return httplib::Server::HandlerResponse::Handled;
+    }
+
+    return httplib::Server::HandlerResponse::Unhandled;
+  });
+```
+
+If auth fails, return `Handled` to respond with 401 immediately. If it passes, return `Unhandled` and let routing take over.
+
+## For per-route auth
+
+If you want different auth rules per route rather than a single global check, `set_pre_request_handler()` is a better fit. See [S11. Authenticate per route with a pre-request handler](s11-pre-request).
+
+> **Note:** If all you want is to modify the response, `set_post_routing_handler()` is the right tool. See [S10. Add response headers with a post-routing handler](s10-post-routing).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s10-post-routing.md

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+---
+title: "S10. Add Response Headers with a Post-Routing Handler"
+order: 29
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+Sometimes you want to add shared headers to the response after the handler has run — CORS headers, security headers, a request ID, and so on. That's what `set_post_routing_handler()` is for.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_post_routing_handler(
+  [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    res.set_header("X-Request-ID", generate_request_id());
+  });
+```
+
+The post-routing handler runs **after the route handler, before the response is sent**. From here you can call `res.set_header()` or `res.headers.erase()` to add or remove headers across every response in one place.
+
+## Add CORS headers
+
+CORS is a classic use case.
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_post_routing_handler(
+  [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    res.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
+    res.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS");
+    res.set_header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, Authorization");
+  });
+```
+
+For the preflight `OPTIONS` requests, register a separate handler — or handle them in the pre-routing handler.
+
+```cpp
+svr.Options("/.*", [](const auto &req, auto &res) {
+  res.status = 204;
+});
+```
+
+## Bundle your security headers
+
+Manage browser security headers in one spot.
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_post_routing_handler(
+  [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    res.set_header("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff");
+    res.set_header("X-Frame-Options", "DENY");
+    res.set_header("Referrer-Policy", "strict-origin-when-cross-origin");
+  });
+```
+
+No matter which handler produced the response, the same headers get attached.
+
+> **Note:** The post-routing handler also runs for responses that didn't match any route and for responses from error handlers. That's exactly what you want when you need certain headers on every response, guaranteed.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s11-pre-request.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+---
+title: "S11. Authenticate Per Route with a Pre-Request Handler"
+order: 30
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+The `set_pre_routing_handler()` from [S09. Add pre-processing to all routes](s09-pre-routing) runs **before routing**, so it has no idea which route matched. When you want per-route behavior, `set_pre_request_handler()` is what you need.
+
+## Pre-routing vs. pre-request
+
+| Hook | When it runs | Route info |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `set_pre_routing_handler` | Before routing | Not available |
+| `set_pre_request_handler` | After routing, right before the route handler | Available via `req.matched_route` |
+
+In a pre-request handler, `req.matched_route` holds the **pattern string** that matched. You can vary behavior based on the route definition itself.
+
+## Switch auth per route
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_pre_request_handler(
+  [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    // require auth for routes starting with /admin
+    if (req.matched_route.rfind("/admin", 0) == 0) {
+      auto token = req.get_header_value("Authorization");
+      if (!is_admin_token(token)) {
+        res.status = 403;
+        res.set_content("forbidden", "text/plain");
+        return httplib::Server::HandlerResponse::Handled;
+      }
+    }
+    return httplib::Server::HandlerResponse::Unhandled;
+  });
+```
+
+`matched_route` is the pattern **before** path parameters are expanded (e.g. `/admin/users/:id`). You compare against the route definition, not the actual request path, so IDs or names don't throw you off.
+
+## Return values
+
+Same as pre-routing — return `HandlerResponse`.
+
+- `Unhandled`: continue (the route handler runs)
+- `Handled`: we're done, skip the route handler
+
+## Passing auth info to the route handler
+
+To pass decoded user info into the route handler, use `res.user_data`. See [S12. Pass data between handlers with `res.user_data`](s12-user-data).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s12-user-data.md

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+---
+title: "S12. Pass Data Between Handlers with res.user_data"
+order: 31
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+Say your pre-request handler decodes an auth token and you want the route handler to use the result. That "data handoff between handlers" is what `res.user_data` is for — it holds values of arbitrary types.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+struct AuthUser {
+  std::string id;
+  std::string name;
+  bool is_admin;
+};
+
+svr.set_pre_request_handler(
+  [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    auto token = req.get_header_value("Authorization");
+    auto user = decode_token(token); // decode the auth token
+    res.user_data.set("user", user);
+    return httplib::Server::HandlerResponse::Unhandled;
+  });
+
+svr.Get("/me", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  auto *user = res.user_data.get<AuthUser>("user");
+  if (!user) {
+    res.status = 401;
+    return;
+  }
+  res.set_content("Hello, " + user->name, "text/plain");
+});
+```
+
+`user_data.set()` stores a value of any type, and `user_data.get<T>()` retrieves it. If you give the wrong type you get `nullptr` back — so be careful.
+
+## Typical value types
+
+Strings, numbers, structs, `std::shared_ptr` — anything copyable or movable works.
+
+```cpp
+res.user_data.set("user_id", std::string{"42"});
+res.user_data.set("is_admin", true);
+res.user_data.set("started_at", std::chrono::steady_clock::now());
+```
+
+## Where to set, where to read
+
+The usual flow is: set it in `set_pre_routing_handler()` or `set_pre_request_handler()`, read it in the route handler. Pre-request runs after routing, so you can combine it with `req.matched_route` to set values only for specific routes.
+
+## A gotcha
+
+`user_data` lives on `Response`, not `Request`. That's because handlers get `Response&` (mutable) but only `const Request&`. It looks odd at first, but it makes sense once you think of it as "the mutable context shared between handlers."
+
+> **Warning:** `user_data.get<T>()` returns `nullptr` when the type doesn't match. Use the exact same type on set and get. Storing as `AuthUser` and fetching as `const AuthUser` won't work.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s13-error-handler.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+title: "S13. Return a Custom Error Page"
+order: 32
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+To customize the response for 4xx or 5xx errors, use `set_error_handler()`. You can replace the plain default error page with your own HTML or JSON.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_error_handler([](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  auto body = "<h1>Error " + std::to_string(res.status) + "</h1>";
+  res.set_content(body, "text/html");
+});
+```
+
+The error handler runs right before an error response is sent — any time `res.status` is 4xx or 5xx. Replace the body with `res.set_content()` and every error response uses the same template.
+
+## Branch by status code
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_error_handler([](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  if (res.status == 404) {
+    res.set_content("<h1>Not Found</h1><p>" + req.path + "</p>", "text/html");
+  } else if (res.status >= 500) {
+    res.set_content("<h1>Server Error</h1>", "text/html");
+  }
+});
+```
+
+Checking `res.status` lets you show a custom message for 404s and a "contact support" link for 5xx errors.
+
+## JSON error responses
+
+For an API server, you probably want errors as JSON.
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_error_handler([](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  nlohmann::json j = {
+    {"error", true},
+    {"status", res.status},
+    {"path", req.path},
+  };
+  res.set_content(j.dump(), "application/json");
+});
+```
+
+Now every error comes back in a consistent JSON shape.
+
+> **Note:** `set_error_handler()` also fires for 500 responses caused by exceptions thrown from a route handler. To get at the exception itself, combine it with `set_exception_handler()`. See [S14. Catch exceptions](s14-exception-handler).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s14-exception-handler.md

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+---
+title: "S14. Catch Exceptions"
+order: 33
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+When a route handler throws, cpp-httplib keeps the server running and responds with 500. By default, though, very little of the error information reaches the client. `set_exception_handler()` lets you intercept exceptions and build your own response.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_exception_handler(
+  [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res,
+     std::exception_ptr ep) {
+    try {
+      std::rethrow_exception(ep);
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+      res.status = 500;
+      res.set_content(std::string("error: ") + e.what(), "text/plain");
+    } catch (...) {
+      res.status = 500;
+      res.set_content("unknown error", "text/plain");
+    }
+  });
+```
+
+The handler receives a `std::exception_ptr`. The idiomatic move is to rethrow it with `std::rethrow_exception()` and catch by type. You can vary status code and message based on the exception type.
+
+## Branch on custom exception types
+
+If you throw your own exception types, you can map them to 400 or 404 responses.
+
+```cpp
+struct NotFound : std::runtime_error {
+  using std::runtime_error::runtime_error;
+};
+struct BadRequest : std::runtime_error {
+  using std::runtime_error::runtime_error;
+};
+
+svr.set_exception_handler(
+  [](const auto &req, auto &res, std::exception_ptr ep) {
+    try {
+      std::rethrow_exception(ep);
+    } catch (const NotFound &e) {
+      res.status = 404;
+      res.set_content(e.what(), "text/plain");
+    } catch (const BadRequest &e) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content(e.what(), "text/plain");
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+      res.status = 500;
+      res.set_content("internal error", "text/plain");
+    }
+  });
+```
+
+Now throwing `NotFound("user not found")` inside a handler is enough to return 404. No per-handler try/catch needed.
+
+## Relationship with set_error_handler
+
+`set_exception_handler()` runs the moment the exception is thrown. After that, if `res.status` is 4xx or 5xx, `set_error_handler()` also runs. The order is `exception_handler` → `error_handler`. Think of their roles as:
+
+- **Exception handler**: interpret the exception, set the status and message
+- **Error handler**: see the status and wrap it in the shared template
+
+> **Note:** Without an exception handler, cpp-httplib returns a default 500 response and the exception details never make it to logs. Always set one for anything you want to debug.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s15-server-logger.md

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+---
+title: "S15. Log Requests on the Server"
+order: 34
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+To log the requests the server receives and the responses it returns, use `Server::set_logger()`. The callback fires once per completed request, making it the foundation for access logs and metrics collection.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_logger([](const httplib::Request &req, const httplib::Response &res) {
+  std::cout << req.remote_addr << " "
+            << req.method << " " << req.path
+            << " -> " << res.status << std::endl;
+});
+```
+
+The log callback receives both the `Request` and the `Response`. You can grab the method, path, status, client IP, headers, body — whatever you need.
+
+## Access-log style format
+
+Here's an Apache/Nginx-ish access log format.
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_logger([](const auto &req, const auto &res) {
+  auto now = std::time(nullptr);
+  char timebuf[32];
+  std::strftime(timebuf, sizeof(timebuf), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
+                std::localtime(&now));
+
+  std::cout << timebuf << " "
+            << req.remote_addr << " "
+            << "\"" << req.method << " " << req.path << "\" "
+            << res.status << " "
+            << res.body.size() << "B"
+            << std::endl;
+});
+```
+
+## Measure request time
+
+To include request duration in the log, stash a start timestamp in `res.user_data` from a pre-routing handler, then subtract in the logger.
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_pre_routing_handler([](const auto &req, auto &res) {
+  res.user_data.set("start", std::chrono::steady_clock::now());
+  return httplib::Server::HandlerResponse::Unhandled;
+});
+
+svr.set_logger([](const auto &req, const auto &res) {
+  auto *start = res.user_data.get<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point>("start");
+  auto elapsed = start
+    ? std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
+        std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - *start).count()
+    : 0;
+  std::cout << req.method << " " << req.path
+            << " " << res.status << " " << elapsed << "ms" << std::endl;
+});
+```
+
+For more on `user_data`, see [S12. Pass data between handlers with `res.user_data`](s12-user-data).
+
+> **Note:** The logger runs synchronously on the same thread as request processing. Heavy work inside it hurts throughput — push it to a queue and process asynchronously if you need anything expensive.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s16-disconnect.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+---
+title: "S16. Detect When the Client Has Disconnected"
+order: 35
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+During a long-running response, the client might close the connection. There's no point continuing to do work no one's waiting for. In cpp-httplib, check `req.is_connection_closed()`.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/long-task", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 1000; ++i) {
+    if (req.is_connection_closed()) {
+      std::cout << "client disconnected" << std::endl;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    do_heavy_work(i);
+  }
+
+  res.set_content("done", "text/plain");
+});
+```
+
+`is_connection_closed` is a `std::function<bool()>`, so call it with `()`. It returns `true` when the client is gone.
+
+## With a streaming response
+
+The same check works inside `set_chunked_content_provider()`. Capture the request by reference.
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/events", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  res.set_chunked_content_provider(
+    "text/event-stream",
+    [&req](size_t offset, httplib::DataSink &sink) {
+      if (req.is_connection_closed()) {
+        sink.done();
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      auto event = generate_next_event();
+      sink.write(event.data(), event.size());
+      return true;
+    });
+});
+```
+
+When you detect a disconnect, call `sink.done()` to stop the provider from being called again.
+
+## How often should you check?
+
+The call itself is cheap, but calling it in a tight inner loop doesn't add much value. Check at **boundaries where interrupting is safe** — after producing a chunk, after a database query, etc.
+
+> **Warning:** `is_connection_closed()` is not guaranteed to reflect reality instantly. Because of how TCP works, sometimes you only notice the disconnect when you try to send. Don't expect pixel-perfect real-time detection — think of it as "we'll notice eventually."

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s17-bind-any-port.md

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+---
+title: "S17. Bind to Any Available Port"
+order: 36
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+Standing up a test server often hits port conflicts. With `bind_to_any_port()`, you let the OS pick a free port and then read back which one it gave you.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Server svr;
+
+svr.Get("/", [](const auto &req, auto &res) {
+  res.set_content("hello", "text/plain");
+});
+
+int port = svr.bind_to_any_port("0.0.0.0");
+std::cout << "listening on port " << port << std::endl;
+
+svr.listen_after_bind();
+```
+
+`bind_to_any_port()` is equivalent to passing `0` as the port — the OS assigns a free one. The return value is the port actually used.
+
+After that, call `listen_after_bind()` to start accepting. You can't combine bind and listen into a single call here, so you work in two steps.
+
+## Useful in tests
+
+This pattern is great for tests that spin up a server and hit it.
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Server svr;
+svr.Get("/ping", [](const auto &, auto &res) { res.set_content("pong", "text/plain"); });
+
+int port = svr.bind_to_any_port("127.0.0.1");
+std::thread t([&] { svr.listen_after_bind(); });
+
+// run the test while the server is up on another thread
+httplib::Client cli("127.0.0.1", port);
+auto res = cli.Get("/ping");
+assert(res && res->body == "pong");
+
+svr.stop();
+t.join();
+```
+
+Because the port is assigned at runtime, parallel test runs don't collide.
+
+> **Note:** `bind_to_any_port()` returns `-1` on failure (permission errors, no available ports, etc.). Always check the return value.
+
+> To stop the server, see [S19. Shut down gracefully](s19-graceful-shutdown).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s18-listen-after-bind.md

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+---
+title: "S18. Control Startup Order with listen_after_bind"
+order: 37
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+Normally `svr.listen("0.0.0.0", 8080)` handles bind and listen in one shot. When you need to do something between the two, split them into two calls.
+
+## Separate bind and listen
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Server svr;
+
+svr.Get("/", [](const auto &, auto &res) { res.set_content("ok", "text/plain"); });
+
+if (!svr.bind_to_port("0.0.0.0", 8080)) {
+  std::cerr << "bind failed" << std::endl;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+// bind is done here. accept hasn't started yet.
+drop_privileges();
+signal_ready_to_parent_process();
+
+svr.listen_after_bind(); // start the accept loop
+```
+
+`bind_to_port()` reserves the port; `listen_after_bind()` actually starts accepting. Splitting them gives you a window between the two steps.
+
+## Common use cases
+
+**Privilege drop**: Binding to a port under 1024 requires root. Bind as root, drop to a normal user, and all subsequent request handling runs with reduced privileges.
+
+```cpp
+svr.bind_to_port("0.0.0.0", 80);
+drop_privileges();
+svr.listen_after_bind();
+```
+
+**Startup notification**: Tell the parent process or systemd "I'm ready" before starting to accept connections.
+
+**Test synchronization**: In tests, you can reliably catch "the moment the server is bound" and start the client after that.
+
+## Check the return values
+
+`bind_to_port()` returns `false` on failure — typically when the port is already taken. Always check it.
+
+```cpp
+if (!svr.bind_to_port("0.0.0.0", 8080)) {
+  std::cerr << "port already in use" << std::endl;
+  return 1;
+}
+```
+
+`listen_after_bind()` blocks until the server stops and returns `true` on a clean shutdown.
+
+> **Note:** To auto-pick a free port, see [S17. Bind to any available port](s17-bind-any-port). Under the hood, that's just `bind_to_any_port()` + `listen_after_bind()`.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s19-graceful-shutdown.md

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+---
+title: "S19. Shut Down Gracefully"
+order: 38
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+To stop the server, call `Server::stop()`. It's safe to call even while requests are in flight, so you can wire it to SIGINT or SIGTERM for a graceful shutdown.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Server svr;
+
+svr.Get("/", [](const auto &, auto &res) { res.set_content("ok", "text/plain"); });
+
+std::thread t([&] { svr.listen("0.0.0.0", 8080); });
+
+// wait for input on the main thread, or whatever
+std::cin.get();
+
+svr.stop();
+t.join();
+```
+
+`listen()` blocks, so the typical pattern is: run the server on a background thread and call `stop()` from the main thread. After `stop()`, `listen()` returns and you can `join()`.
+
+## Shut down on a signal
+
+Here's how to stop the server on SIGINT (Ctrl+C) or SIGTERM.
+
+```cpp
+#include <csignal>
+
+httplib::Server svr;
+
+// global so the signal handler can reach it
+httplib::Server *g_svr = nullptr;
+
+int main() {
+  svr.Get("/", [](const auto &, auto &res) { res.set_content("ok", "text/plain"); });
+
+  g_svr = &svr;
+  std::signal(SIGINT,  [](int) { if (g_svr) g_svr->stop(); });
+  std::signal(SIGTERM, [](int) { if (g_svr) g_svr->stop(); });
+
+  svr.listen("0.0.0.0", 8080);
+  std::cout << "server stopped" << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+`stop()` is thread-safe and signal-safe — you can call it from a signal handler. Even when `listen()` is running on the main thread, the signal pulls it out cleanly.
+
+## What happens to in-flight requests
+
+When you call `stop()`, new connections are refused, but requests already being processed are **allowed to finish**. Once all workers drain, `listen()` returns. That's what makes it graceful.
+
+> **Warning:** There's a wait between calling `stop()` and `listen()` returning — it's the time in-flight requests take to finish. To enforce a timeout, you'll need to add your own shutdown timer in application code.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s20-keep-alive.md

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+---
+title: "S20. Tune Keep-Alive"
+order: 39
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+`httplib::Server` enables HTTP/1.1 Keep-Alive automatically. From the client's perspective, connections are reused — so they don't pay the TCP handshake cost on every request. When you need to tune the behavior, there are two setters.
+
+## What you can configure
+
+| API | Default | Meaning |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `set_keep_alive_max_count` | 100 | Max requests served over a single connection |
+| `set_keep_alive_timeout` | 5s | How long an idle connection is kept before closing |
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Server svr;
+
+svr.set_keep_alive_max_count(20);
+svr.set_keep_alive_timeout(10); // 10 seconds
+
+svr.listen("0.0.0.0", 8080);
+```
+
+`set_keep_alive_timeout()` also has a `std::chrono` overload.
+
+```cpp
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+svr.set_keep_alive_timeout(10s);
+```
+
+## Tuning ideas
+
+**Too many idle connections eating resources**  
+Shorten the timeout so idle connections drop and release their worker threads.
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_keep_alive_timeout(2s);
+```
+
+**API is hammered and you want max reuse**  
+Raising the per-connection request cap improves benchmark numbers.
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_keep_alive_max_count(1000);
+```
+
+**Never reuse connections**  
+Set `set_keep_alive_max_count(1)` and every request gets its own connection. Mostly only useful for debugging or compatibility testing.
+
+## Relationship with the thread pool
+
+A Keep-Alive connection holds a worker thread for its entire lifetime. If `connections × concurrent requests` exceeds the thread pool size, new requests wait. For thread counts, see [S21. Configure the thread pool](s21-thread-pool).
+
+> **Note:** For the client side, see [C14. Understand connection reuse and Keep-Alive behavior](c14-keep-alive). Even when the server closes the connection on timeout, the client reconnects automatically.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s21-thread-pool.md

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+---
+title: "S21. Configure the Thread Pool"
+order: 40
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+cpp-httplib serves requests from a thread pool. By default, the base thread count is the greater of `std::thread::hardware_concurrency() - 1` and `8`, and it can scale up dynamically to 4× that. To set thread counts explicitly, provide your own factory via `new_task_queue`.
+
+## Set thread counts
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Server svr;
+
+svr.new_task_queue = [] {
+  return new httplib::ThreadPool(/*base_threads=*/8, /*max_threads=*/64);
+};
+
+svr.listen("0.0.0.0", 8080);
+```
+
+The factory is a lambda returning a `TaskQueue*`. Pass `base_threads` and `max_threads` to `ThreadPool` and the pool scales between them based on load. Idle threads exit after a timeout (3 seconds by default).
+
+## Also cap the queue
+
+The pending queue can eat memory if it grows unchecked. You can cap it too.
+
+```cpp
+svr.new_task_queue = [] {
+  return new httplib::ThreadPool(
+    /*base_threads=*/12,
+    /*max_threads=*/0,   // disable dynamic scaling
+    /*max_queued_requests=*/18);
+};
+```
+
+`max_threads=0` disables dynamic scaling — you get a fixed `base_threads`. Requests that don't fit in `max_queued_requests` are rejected.
+
+## Use your own thread pool
+
+You can plug in a fully custom thread pool by subclassing `TaskQueue` and returning it from the factory.
+
+```cpp
+class MyTaskQueue : public httplib::TaskQueue {
+public:
+  MyTaskQueue(size_t n) { pool_.start_with_thread_count(n); }
+  bool enqueue(std::function<void()> fn) override { return pool_.post(std::move(fn)); }
+  void shutdown() override { pool_.shutdown(); }
+
+private:
+  MyThreadPool pool_;
+};
+
+svr.new_task_queue = [] { return new MyTaskQueue(12); };
+```
+
+Handy when you already have a thread pool in your project and want to keep thread management unified.
+
+## Compile-time tuning
+
+You can set the defaults with macros if you want compile-time configuration.
+
+```cpp
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_THREAD_POOL_COUNT 16       // base thread count
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_THREAD_POOL_MAX_COUNT 128   // max thread count
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_THREAD_POOL_IDLE_TIMEOUT 5  // seconds before idle threads exit
+#include <httplib.h>
+```
+
+> **Note:** A WebSocket connection holds a worker thread for its entire lifetime. For lots of simultaneous WebSocket connections, enable dynamic scaling (e.g. `ThreadPool(8, 64)`).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/s22-unix-socket.md

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+---
+title: "S22. Talk Over a Unix Domain Socket"
+order: 41
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+When you want to talk only to other processes on the same host, a Unix domain socket is a nice fit. It avoids TCP overhead and uses filesystem permissions for access control. Local IPC and services sitting behind a reverse proxy are classic use cases.
+
+## Server side
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Server svr;
+svr.set_address_family(AF_UNIX);
+
+svr.Get("/", [](const auto &, auto &res) {
+  res.set_content("hello from unix socket", "text/plain");
+});
+
+svr.listen("/tmp/httplib.sock", 80);
+```
+
+Call `set_address_family(AF_UNIX)` first, then pass the socket file path as the first argument to `listen()`. The port number is unused but required by the signature — pass any value.
+
+## Client side
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("/tmp/httplib.sock");
+cli.set_address_family(AF_UNIX);
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/");
+if (res) {
+  std::cout << res->body << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+Pass the socket file path to the `Client` constructor and call `set_address_family(AF_UNIX)`. Everything else works like a normal HTTP request.
+
+## When to use it
+
+- **Behind a reverse proxy**: An nginx-to-backend setup over a Unix socket is faster than TCP and sidesteps port management
+- **Local-only APIs**: IPC between tools that shouldn't be reachable from outside
+- **In-container IPC**: Process-to-process communication within the same pod or container
+- **Dev environments**: No more worrying about port conflicts
+
+## Clean up the socket file
+
+A Unix domain socket creates a real file in the filesystem. It doesn't get removed on shutdown, so delete it before starting if needed.
+
+```cpp
+std::remove("/tmp/httplib.sock");
+svr.listen("/tmp/httplib.sock", 80);
+```
+
+## Permissions
+
+You control who can connect via the socket file's permissions.
+
+```cpp
+svr.listen("/tmp/httplib.sock", 80);
+// from another process or thread
+chmod("/tmp/httplib.sock", 0660); // owner and group only
+```
+
+> **Warning:** Some Windows versions support AF_UNIX, but the implementation and behavior differ by platform. Test thoroughly before running cross-platform in production.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/t01-tls-backends.md

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+---
+title: "T01. Choosing Between OpenSSL, mbedTLS, and wolfSSL"
+order: 42
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+cpp-httplib doesn't ship its own TLS implementation — it uses one of three backends that you pick at build time via a macro.
+
+| Backend | Macro | Character |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| OpenSSL | `CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT` | Most widely used, richest feature set |
+| mbedTLS | `CPPHTTPLIB_MBEDTLS_SUPPORT` | Lightweight, aimed at embedded |
+| wolfSSL | `CPPHTTPLIB_WOLFSSL_SUPPORT` | Embedded-friendly, commercial support available |
+
+## Build-time selection
+
+Define the macro for your chosen backend before including `httplib.h`:
+
+```cpp
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+#include <httplib.h>
+```
+
+You'll also need to link against the backend's libraries (`libssl`, `libcrypto`, `libmbedtls`, `libwolfssl`, etc.).
+
+## Which to pick
+
+**When in doubt, OpenSSL**  
+It has the most features and the best documentation. For normal server use or Linux desktop apps, start here — you probably won't need anything else.
+
+**To shrink binary size or target embedded**  
+mbedTLS or wolfSSL are a better fit. They're far more compact than OpenSSL and run on memory-constrained devices.
+
+**When you need commercial support**  
+wolfSSL offers commercial licensing and support. If you're shipping in a product, it's worth considering.
+
+## Supporting multiple backends
+
+The usual approach is to treat each backend as a build variant and recompile the same source with different macros. cpp-httplib smooths over most of the API differences, but the backends are not 100% identical — always test.
+
+## APIs that work across all backends
+
+Certificate verification control, standing up an SSLServer, reading the peer certificate — these all share the same API across backends:
+
+- [T02. Control SSL certificate verification](t02-cert-verification)
+- [T03. Start an SSL/TLS server](t03-ssl-server)
+- [T05. Access the peer certificate on the server](t05-peer-cert)
+
+> **Note:** On macOS with an OpenSSL-family backend, cpp-httplib automatically loads root certificates from the system keychain (via `CPPHTTPLIB_USE_CERTS_FROM_MACOSX_KEYCHAIN`, on by default). To disable this, define `CPPHTTPLIB_DISABLE_MACOSX_AUTOMATIC_ROOT_CERTIFICATES`.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/t02-cert-verification.md

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+---
+title: "T02. Control SSL Certificate Verification"
+order: 43
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+By default, an HTTPS client verifies the server certificate — it uses the OS root certificate store to check the chain and the hostname. Here are the APIs for changing that behavior.
+
+## Specify a custom CA certificate
+
+When connecting to a server whose certificate is signed by an internal CA, use `set_ca_cert_path()`.
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("https://internal.example.com");
+cli.set_ca_cert_path("/etc/ssl/certs/internal-ca.pem");
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/");
+```
+
+The first argument is the CA certificate file; the second is an optional CA directory. With the OpenSSL backend, you can also pass an `X509_STORE*` directly via `set_ca_cert_store()`.
+
+## Disable certificate verification (not recommended)
+
+For development servers or self-signed certificates, you can skip verification entirely.
+
+```cpp
+httplib::Client cli("https://self-signed.example.com");
+cli.enable_server_certificate_verification(false);
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/");
+```
+
+That's all it takes to disable chain verification.
+
+> **Warning:** Disabling certificate verification removes protection against man-in-the-middle attacks. **Never do this in production.** If you find yourself needing it outside of dev/test, pause and make sure you're not doing something wrong.
+
+## Disable hostname verification only
+
+There's an in-between option: verify the certificate chain, but skip the hostname check. Useful when you need to reach a server whose cert CN/SAN doesn't match the request's hostname.
+
+```cpp
+cli.enable_server_hostname_verification(false);
+```
+
+The certificate itself is still validated, so this is safer than fully disabling verification — but still not recommended in production.
+
+## Use the OS cert store as-is
+
+On most Linux distributions, root certificates live in a single file like `/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt`. cpp-httplib reads the OS default store at startup, so for most servers you don't need to configure anything.
+
+> The same APIs work on the mbedTLS and wolfSSL backends. For choosing between backends, see [T01. Choosing between OpenSSL, mbedTLS, and wolfSSL](t01-tls-backends).
+
+> For details on diagnosing failures, see [C18. Handle SSL errors](c18-ssl-errors).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/t03-ssl-server.md

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+---
+title: "T03. Start an SSL/TLS Server"
+order: 44
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+To stand up an HTTPS server, use `httplib::SSLServer` instead of `httplib::Server`. Pass a certificate and private key to the constructor, and you get back something that works exactly like `Server`.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+#include <httplib.h>
+
+int main() {
+  httplib::SSLServer svr("cert.pem", "key.pem");
+
+  svr.Get("/", [](const auto &req, auto &res) {
+    res.set_content("hello over TLS", "text/plain");
+  });
+
+  svr.listen("0.0.0.0", 443);
+}
+```
+
+Pass the server certificate (PEM format) and private key file paths to the constructor. That's all you need for a TLS-enabled server. Registering handlers and calling `listen()` work the same as with `Server`.
+
+## Password-protected private keys
+
+The fifth argument is the private key password.
+
+```cpp
+httplib::SSLServer svr("cert.pem", "key.pem",
+                       nullptr, nullptr, "password");
+```
+
+The third and fourth arguments are for client certificate verification (mTLS, see [T04. Configure mTLS](t04-mtls)). For now, pass `nullptr`.
+
+## Load PEM data from memory
+
+When you want to load certs from memory instead of files, use the `PemMemory` struct.
+
+```cpp
+httplib::SSLServer::PemMemory pem{};
+pem.cert_pem = cert_data.data();
+pem.cert_pem_len = cert_data.size();
+pem.key_pem = key_data.data();
+pem.key_pem_len = key_data.size();
+
+httplib::SSLServer svr(pem);
+```
+
+Handy when you pull certificates from environment variables or a secrets manager.
+
+## Rotate certificates
+
+Before a certificate expires, you may want to swap it out without restarting the server. That's what `update_certs_pem()` is for.
+
+```cpp
+svr.update_certs_pem(new_cert_pem, new_key_pem);
+```
+
+Existing connections keep using the old cert; new connections use the new one.
+
+## Generating a test certificate
+
+For a throwaway self-signed cert, use the `openssl` CLI.
+
+```sh
+openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -days 365 -nodes \
+  -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -subj "/CN=localhost"
+```
+
+In production, use certificates from Let's Encrypt or your internal CA.
+
+> **Warning:** Binding an HTTPS server to port 443 requires root. For a safe way to do that, see the privilege-drop pattern in [S18. Control startup order with `listen_after_bind`](s18-listen-after-bind).
+
+> For mutual TLS (client certificates), see [T04. Configure mTLS](t04-mtls).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/t04-mtls.md

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+---
+title: "T04. Configure mTLS"
+order: 45
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+Regular TLS verifies the server certificate only. **mTLS** (mutual TLS) adds the other direction: the client presents a certificate too, and the server verifies it. It's common for zero-trust API-to-API traffic and internal system authentication.
+
+## Server side
+
+Pass the CA used to verify client certificates as the third (and fourth) argument to `SSLServer`.
+
+```cpp
+httplib::SSLServer svr(
+  "server-cert.pem",    // server certificate
+  "server-key.pem",     // server private key
+  "client-ca.pem",      // CA that signs valid client certs
+  nullptr               // CA directory (none)
+);
+
+svr.Get("/", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  res.set_content("authenticated", "text/plain");
+});
+
+svr.listen("0.0.0.0", 443);
+```
+
+With this, any connection whose client certificate isn't signed by `client-ca.pem` is rejected at the handshake. By the time a handler runs, the client is already authenticated.
+
+## Configure with in-memory PEM
+
+```cpp
+httplib::SSLServer::PemMemory pem{};
+pem.cert_pem = server_cert.data();
+pem.cert_pem_len = server_cert.size();
+pem.key_pem = server_key.data();
+pem.key_pem_len = server_key.size();
+pem.client_ca_pem = client_ca.data();
+pem.client_ca_pem_len = client_ca.size();
+
+httplib::SSLServer svr(pem);
+```
+
+This is the clean way when you load certificates from environment variables or a secrets manager.
+
+## Client side
+
+On the client side, pass the client certificate and key to `SSLClient`.
+
+```cpp
+httplib::SSLClient cli("api.example.com", 443,
+                       "client-cert.pem",
+                       "client-key.pem");
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/");
+```
+
+Note you're using `SSLClient` directly, not `Client`. If the private key has a password, pass it as the fifth argument.
+
+## Read client info from a handler
+
+To see which client connected from inside a handler, use `req.peer_cert()`. Details in [T05. Access the peer certificate on the server](t05-peer-cert).
+
+## Use cases
+
+- **Microservice-to-microservice calls**: Issue a cert per service, use the cert as identity
+- **IoT device management**: Burn a cert into each device and use it to gate API access
+- **An alternative to internal VPN**: Put cert-based auth in front of public endpoints so internal resources can be reached safely
+
+> **Note:** Issuing and revoking client certificates is more operational work than password-based auth. You'll need either an internal PKI setup or an automated flow using ACME-family tools.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/t05-peer-cert.md

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+---
+title: "T05. Access the Peer Certificate on the Server Side"
+order: 46
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+In an mTLS setup, you can read the client's certificate from inside a handler. Pull out the CN or SAN to identify the user or log the request.
+
+## Basic usage
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/me", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  auto cert = req.peer_cert();
+  if (!cert) {
+    res.status = 401;
+    res.set_content("no client certificate", "text/plain");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  auto cn = cert.subject_cn();
+  res.set_content("hello, " + cn, "text/plain");
+});
+```
+
+`req.peer_cert()` returns a `tls::PeerCert`. It's convertible to `bool`, so check whether a cert is present before using it.
+
+## Available fields
+
+From a `PeerCert`, you can get:
+
+```cpp
+auto cert = req.peer_cert();
+
+std::string cn = cert.subject_cn();        // CN
+std::string issuer = cert.issuer_name();   // issuer
+std::string serial = cert.serial();        // serial number
+
+time_t not_before, not_after;
+cert.validity(not_before, not_after);      // validity period
+
+auto sans = cert.sans();                   // SANs
+for (const auto &san : sans) {
+  std::cout << san.value << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+There's also a helper to check if a hostname is covered by the SAN list:
+
+```cpp
+if (cert.check_hostname("alice.corp.example.com")) {
+  // matches
+}
+```
+
+## Cert-based authorization
+
+You can gate routes by CN or SAN.
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_pre_request_handler(
+  [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    auto cert = req.peer_cert();
+    if (!cert) {
+      res.status = 401;
+      return httplib::Server::HandlerResponse::Handled;
+    }
+
+    if (req.matched_route.rfind("/admin", 0) == 0) {
+      auto cn = cert.subject_cn();
+      if (!is_admin_cn(cn)) {
+        res.status = 403;
+        return httplib::Server::HandlerResponse::Handled;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return httplib::Server::HandlerResponse::Unhandled;
+  });
+```
+
+Combined with a pre-request handler, you can keep all authorization logic in one place. See [S11. Authenticate per route with a pre-request handler](s11-pre-request).
+
+## SNI (Server Name Indication)
+
+cpp-httplib handles SNI automatically. If one server hosts multiple domains, SNI is used under the hood — but normally handlers don't need to care.
+
+> **Warning:** `req.peer_cert()` only returns a meaningful value when mTLS is enabled and the client actually presented a certificate. For plain TLS, you get an empty `PeerCert`. Always do the `bool` check before using it.
+
+> To set up mTLS, see [T04. Configure mTLS](t04-mtls).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/w01-websocket-echo.md

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+---
+title: "W01. Implement a WebSocket Echo Server and Client"
+order: 51
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+WebSocket is a protocol for **two-way** messaging between client and server. cpp-httplib provides APIs for both sides. Let's start with the simplest example: an echo server.
+
+## Server: echo server
+
+```cpp
+#include <httplib.h>
+
+int main() {
+  httplib::Server svr;
+
+  svr.WebSocket("/echo", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::ws::WebSocket &ws) {
+    std::string msg;
+    while (ws.is_open()) {
+      auto result = ws.read(msg);
+      if (result == httplib::ws::ReadResult::Fail) {
+        break;
+      }
+      ws.send(msg); // echo back what we received
+    }
+  });
+
+  svr.listen("0.0.0.0", 8080);
+}
+```
+
+Register a WebSocket handler with `svr.WebSocket()`. By the time the handler runs, the WebSocket handshake is already complete. Inside the loop, just `ws.read()` and `ws.send()` to get a working echo.
+
+The `read()` return value is a `ReadResult` enum:
+
+- `ReadResult::Text`: received a text message
+- `ReadResult::Binary`: received a binary message
+- `ReadResult::Fail`: error, or connection closed
+
+## Client: talk to the echo server
+
+```cpp
+#include <httplib.h>
+
+int main() {
+  httplib::ws::WebSocketClient cli("ws://localhost:8080/echo");
+  if (!cli.connect()) {
+    std::cerr << "failed to connect" << std::endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  cli.send("Hello, WebSocket!");
+
+  std::string msg;
+  if (cli.read(msg) != httplib::ws::ReadResult::Fail) {
+    std::cout << "received: " << msg << std::endl;
+  }
+
+  cli.close();
+}
+```
+
+Use a `ws://` (plain) or `wss://` (TLS) URL. Call `connect()` to do the handshake, then `send()` and `read()` work the same as on the server side.
+
+## Text vs. binary
+
+`send()` has two overloads that let you choose the frame type.
+
+```cpp
+ws.send("Hello");                        // text frame
+ws.send(binary_data, binary_data_size);  // binary frame
+```
+
+The `std::string` overload sends as **text**; the `const char*` + size overload sends as **binary**. A bit subtle, but once you know it, it's intuitive. See [W04. Send and receive binary frames](w04-websocket-binary) for details.
+
+## Thread pool implications
+
+A WebSocket handler holds its worker thread for the entire life of the connection — one connection per thread. For many concurrent clients, configure a dynamic thread pool.
+
+```cpp
+svr.new_task_queue = [] {
+  return new httplib::ThreadPool(8, 128);
+};
+```
+
+See [S21. Configure the thread pool](s21-thread-pool).
+
+> **Note:** To run WebSocket over HTTPS, use `httplib::SSLServer` instead of `httplib::Server` — the same `WebSocket()` handler just works. On the client side, use a `wss://` URL.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/w02-websocket-ping.md

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+---
+title: "W02. Set a WebSocket Heartbeat"
+order: 52
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+WebSocket connections stay open for a long time, and proxies or load balancers will sometimes drop them for being "idle." To prevent that, you periodically send Ping frames to keep the connection alive. cpp-httplib can do this for you automatically.
+
+## Server side
+
+```cpp
+svr.set_websocket_ping_interval(30); // ping every 30 seconds
+
+svr.WebSocket("/chat", [](const auto &req, auto &ws) {
+  // ...
+});
+```
+
+Just pass the interval in seconds. Every WebSocket connection this server accepts will be pinged on that interval.
+
+There's a `std::chrono` overload too.
+
+```cpp
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+svr.set_websocket_ping_interval(30s);
+```
+
+## Client side
+
+The client has the same API.
+
+```cpp
+httplib::ws::WebSocketClient cli("ws://localhost:8080/chat");
+cli.set_websocket_ping_interval(30);
+cli.connect();
+```
+
+Call it before `connect()`.
+
+## The default
+
+The default interval is set by the build-time macro `CPPHTTPLIB_WEBSOCKET_PING_INTERVAL_SECOND`. Usually you won't need to change it, but adjust downward if you're dealing with an aggressive proxy.
+
+## What about Pong?
+
+The WebSocket protocol requires that Ping frames are answered with Pong frames. cpp-httplib responds to Pings automatically — you don't need to think about it in application code.
+
+## Picking an interval
+
+| Environment | Suggested |
+| --- | --- |
+| Normal internet | 30–60s |
+| Strict proxies (e.g. AWS ALB) | 15–30s |
+| Mobile networks | 60s+ (too short drains battery) |
+
+Too short wastes bandwidth; too long and connections get dropped. As a rule of thumb, target about **half the idle timeout** of whatever's between you and the client.
+
+> **Warning:** A very short ping interval spawns background work per connection and increases CPU usage. For servers with many connections, keep the interval modest.
+
+## Detecting an unresponsive peer
+
+Sending pings alone doesn't tell you anything if the peer just silently dies — the TCP socket might still look open while the process on the other end is long gone. To catch that, enable the max-missed-pongs check: if N consecutive pings go unanswered, the connection is closed.
+
+```cpp
+cli.set_websocket_max_missed_pongs(2); // close after 2 consecutive unacked pings
+```
+
+The server side has the same `set_websocket_max_missed_pongs()`.
+
+With a 30-second ping interval and `max_missed_pongs = 2`, a dead peer is detected within roughly 60 seconds and the connection is closed with `CloseStatus::GoingAway` and the reason `"pong timeout"`.
+
+The counter is reset whenever `read()` consumes an incoming Pong frame, so this only works if your code is actively calling `read()` in a loop — which is what a normal WebSocket client does anyway.
+
+### Why the default is 0
+
+`max_missed_pongs` defaults to `0`, which means "never close the connection because of missing pongs." Pings are still sent on the heartbeat interval, but their responses aren't checked. If you want unresponsive-peer detection, set it explicitly to `1` or higher.
+
+Even with `0`, a dead connection won't linger forever: while your code is inside `read()`, `CPPHTTPLIB_WEBSOCKET_READ_TIMEOUT_SECOND` (default **300 seconds = 5 minutes**) acts as a backstop and `read()` fails if no frame arrives in time. Think of `max_missed_pongs` as the knob for detecting an unresponsive peer **faster** than that.
+
+> For handling a closed connection, see [W03. Handle connection close](w03-websocket-close).

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/w03-websocket-close.md

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+---
+title: "W03. Handle Connection Close"
+order: 53
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+A WebSocket ends when either side closes it explicitly, or when the network drops. Handle close cleanly, and your cleanup and reconnect logic stays tidy.
+
+## Detect a closed connection
+
+When `ws.read()` returns `ReadResult::Fail`, the connection is gone — either cleanly or with an error. Break out of the loop and the handler will finish.
+
+```cpp
+svr.WebSocket("/chat", [](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::ws::WebSocket &ws) {
+  std::string msg;
+  while (ws.is_open()) {
+    auto result = ws.read(msg);
+    if (result == httplib::ws::ReadResult::Fail) {
+      std::cout << "disconnected" << std::endl;
+      break;
+    }
+    handle_message(ws, msg);
+  }
+
+  // cleanup runs once we're out of the loop
+  cleanup_user_session(req);
+});
+```
+
+You can also check `ws.is_open()` — it's the same signal from a different angle.
+
+## Close from the server side
+
+To close explicitly, call `close()`.
+
+```cpp
+ws.close(httplib::ws::CloseStatus::Normal, "bye");
+```
+
+The first argument is the close status; the second is an optional reason. Common `CloseStatus` values:
+
+| Value | Meaning |
+| --- | --- |
+| `Normal` (1000) | Normal closure |
+| `GoingAway` (1001) | Server is shutting down |
+| `ProtocolError` (1002) | Protocol violation detected |
+| `UnsupportedData` (1003) | Received data that can't be handled |
+| `PolicyViolation` (1008) | Violated a policy |
+| `MessageTooBig` (1009) | Message too large |
+| `InternalError` (1011) | Server-side error |
+
+## Close from the client side
+
+The client API is identical.
+
+```cpp
+cli.close(httplib::ws::CloseStatus::Normal);
+```
+
+Destroying the client also closes the connection, but calling `close()` explicitly makes the intent clearer.
+
+## Graceful shutdown
+
+To notify in-flight clients that the server is going down, use `GoingAway`.
+
+```cpp
+ws.close(httplib::ws::CloseStatus::GoingAway, "server restarting");
+```
+
+The client can inspect that status and decide whether to reconnect.
+
+## Example: a tiny chat with quit
+
+```cpp
+svr.WebSocket("/chat", [](const auto &req, auto &ws) {
+  std::string msg;
+  while (ws.is_open()) {
+    if (ws.read(msg) == httplib::ws::ReadResult::Fail) break;
+
+    if (msg == "/quit") {
+      ws.send("goodbye");
+      ws.close(httplib::ws::CloseStatus::Normal, "user quit");
+      break;
+    }
+
+    ws.send("echo: " + msg);
+  }
+});
+```
+
+> **Note:** On a sudden network drop, `read()` returns `Fail` with no chance to call `close()`. Put your cleanup at the end of the handler, and both paths — clean close and abrupt disconnect — end up in the same place.

docs-src/pages/en/cookbook/w04-websocket-binary.md

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+---
+title: "W04. Send and Receive Binary Frames"
+order: 54
+status: "draft"
+---
+
+WebSocket has two frame types: text and binary. JSON and plain text go in text frames; images and raw protocol bytes go in binary. In cpp-httplib, `send()` picks the right type via overload.
+
+## How to pick a frame type
+
+```cpp
+ws.send(std::string("Hello"));           // text
+ws.send("Hello", 5);                      // binary
+ws.send(binary_data, binary_data_size);   // binary
+```
+
+The `std::string` overload sends as **text**. The `const char*` + size overload sends as **binary**. A bit subtle, but once you know it, it sticks.
+
+If you have a `std::string` and want to send it as binary, pass `.data()` and `.size()` explicitly.
+
+```cpp
+std::string raw = build_binary_payload();
+ws.send(raw.data(), raw.size()); // binary frame
+```
+
+## Detect frame type on receive
+
+The return value of `ws.read()` tells you whether the received frame was text or binary.
+
+```cpp
+std::string msg;
+auto result = ws.read(msg);
+
+switch (result) {
+  case httplib::ws::ReadResult::Text:
+    std::cout << "text: " << msg << std::endl;
+    break;
+  case httplib::ws::ReadResult::Binary:
+    std::cout << "binary: " << msg.size() << " bytes" << std::endl;
+    handle_binary(msg.data(), msg.size());
+    break;
+  case httplib::ws::ReadResult::Fail:
+    // error or closed
+    break;
+}
+```
+
+Binary frames still come back in a `std::string`, but treat its contents as raw bytes — use `msg.data()` and `msg.size()`.
+
+## When binary is the right call
+
+- **Images, video, audio**: No Base64 overhead
+- **Custom protocols**: protobuf, MessagePack, or any structured binary format
+- **Game networking**: When latency matters
+- **Sensor data streams**: Push numeric arrays directly
+
+## Ping is binary-ish, but hidden
+
+WebSocket Ping/Pong frames are close cousins of binary frames at the opcode level, but cpp-httplib handles them automatically — you don't touch them. See [W02. Set a WebSocket heartbeat](w02-websocket-ping).
+
+## Example: send an image
+
+```cpp
+// Server: push an image
+svr.WebSocket("/image", [](const auto &req, auto &ws) {
+  auto img = read_image_file("logo.png");
+  ws.send(img.data(), img.size());
+});
+```
+
+```cpp
+// Client: receive and save
+httplib::ws::WebSocketClient cli("ws://localhost:8080/image");
+cli.connect();
+
+std::string buf;
+if (cli.read(buf) == httplib::ws::ReadResult::Binary) {
+  std::ofstream ofs("received.png", std::ios::binary);
+  ofs.write(buf.data(), buf.size());
+}
+```
+
+You can mix text and binary in the same connection. A common pattern: JSON for control messages, binary for the actual data — you get efficient handling of metadata and payload both.
+
+> **Note:** WebSocket frames don't have an infinite size limit. For very large data, chunk it in your application code. cpp-httplib can handle a big frame in one shot, but it does load it all into memory at once.

docs-src/pages/en/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+---
+title: "cpp-httplib"
+order: 0
+---
+
+[cpp-httplib](https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib) is an HTTP/HTTPS library for C++. Just copy a single header file, [`httplib.h`](https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/raw/refs/tags/latest/httplib.h), and you're ready to go.
+
+When you need a quick HTTP server or client in C++, you want something that just works. That's exactly why I built cpp-httplib. You can start writing both servers and clients in just a few lines of code.
+
+The API uses a lambda-based design that feels natural. It runs anywhere you have a C++11 or later compiler. Windows, macOS, Linux — use whatever environment you already have.
+
+HTTPS works too. Just link OpenSSL or mbedTLS, and both server and client gain TLS support. Content-Encoding (gzip, Brotli, etc.), file uploads, and other features you actually need in real-world development are all included. WebSocket is also supported.
+
+Under the hood, it uses blocking I/O with a thread pool. It's not built for handling massive numbers of simultaneous connections. But for API servers, embedded HTTP in tools, mock servers for testing, and many other use cases, it delivers solid performance.
+
+"Solve today's problem, today." That's the kind of simplicity cpp-httplib aims for.
+
+## Documentation
+
+- [A Tour of cpp-httplib](tour/) — A step-by-step tutorial covering the basics. Start here if you're new
+- [Building a Desktop LLM App](llm-app/) — A hands-on guide to building a desktop app with llama.cpp, step by step
+
+## Stay Tuned
+
+- [Cookbook](cookbook/) — A collection of recipes organized by topic. Jump to whatever you need

docs-src/pages/en/llm-app/ch01-setup.md

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+---
+title: "1. Setting Up the Project Environment"
+order: 1
+
+---
+
+Let's incrementally build a text translation REST API server using llama.cpp as the inference engine. By the end, a request like this will return a translation result.
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/translate \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{"text": "The weather is nice today. Shall we go for a walk?", "target_lang": "ja"}'
+```
+
+```json
+{
+  "translation": "今日はいい天気ですね。散歩に行きましょうか？"
+}
+```
+
+The "Translation API" is just one example. By swapping out the prompt, you can adapt this to any LLM application you like, such as summarization, code generation, or a chatbot.
+
+Here's the full list of APIs the server will provide.
+
+| Method | Path | Description | Chapter |
+| -------- | ---- | ---- | -- |
+| `GET` | `/health` | Returns server status | 1 |
+| `POST` | `/translate` | Translates text and returns JSON | 2 |
+| `POST` | `/translate/stream` | SSE streaming on a per-token basis | 3 |
+| `GET` | `/models` | Model list (available / downloaded / selected) | 4 |
+| `POST` | `/models/select` | Select a model (automatically downloads if not yet downloaded) | 4 |
+
+In this chapter, let's set up the project environment. We'll fetch the dependency libraries, create the directory structure, configure the build settings, and grab the model file, so that we're ready to start writing code in the next chapter.
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+- A C++20-compatible compiler (GCC 10+, Clang 10+, MSVC 2019 16.8+)
+- CMake 3.20 or later
+- OpenSSL (used for the HTTPS client in Chapter 4. macOS: `brew install openssl`, Ubuntu: `sudo apt install libssl-dev`)
+- Sufficient disk space (model files can be several GB)
+
+## 1.1 What We Will Use
+
+Here are the libraries we'll use.
+
+| Library | Role |
+| ----------- | ------ |
+| [cpp-httplib](https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib) | HTTP server/client |
+| [nlohmann/json](https://github.com/nlohmann/json) | JSON parser |
+| [cpp-llamalib](https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-llamalib) | llama.cpp wrapper |
+| [llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp) | LLM inference engine |
+| [webview/webview](https://github.com/webview/webview) | Desktop WebView (used in Chapter 6) |
+
+cpp-httplib, nlohmann/json, and cpp-llamalib are header-only libraries. You could just download a single header file with `curl` and `#include` it, but in this book we use CMake's `FetchContent` to fetch them automatically. Declare them in `CMakeLists.txt`, and `cmake -B build` downloads and builds everything for you. webview is used in Chapter 6, so you don't need to worry about it for now.
+
+## 1.2 Directory Structure
+
+The final structure will look like this.
+
+```ascii
+translate-app/
+├── CMakeLists.txt
+├── models/
+│   └── (GGUF files)
+└── src/
+    └── main.cpp
+```
+
+We don't include library source code in the project. CMake's `FetchContent` fetches them automatically at build time, so all you need is your own code.
+
+Let's create the project directory and initialize a git repository.
+
+```bash
+mkdir translate-app && cd translate-app
+mkdir src models
+git init
+```
+
+## 1.3 Obtaining the GGUF Model File
+
+You need a model file for LLM inference. GGUF is the model format used by llama.cpp, and you can find many models on Hugging Face.
+
+Let's start by trying a small model. The quantized version of Google's Gemma 2 2B (~1.6 GB) is a good starting point. It's lightweight but supports multiple languages and works well for translation tasks.
+
+```bash
+curl -L -o models/gemma-2-2b-it-Q4_K_M.gguf \
+  https://huggingface.co/bartowski/gemma-2-2b-it-GGUF/resolve/main/gemma-2-2b-it-Q4_K_M.gguf
+```
+
+In Chapter 4, we'll add the ability to download models from within the app using cpp-httplib's client functionality.
+
+## 1.4 CMakeLists.txt
+
+Create a `CMakeLists.txt` in the project root. By declaring dependencies with `FetchContent`, CMake will automatically download and build them for you.
+
+<!-- data-file="CMakeLists.txt" -->
+```cmake
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)
+project(translate-server CXX)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
+
+include(FetchContent)
+
+# llama.cpp (LLM inference engine)
+FetchContent_Declare(llama
+    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp
+    GIT_TAG        master
+    GIT_SHALLOW    TRUE
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(llama)
+
+# cpp-httplib (HTTP server/client)
+FetchContent_Declare(httplib
+    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib
+    GIT_TAG        master
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(httplib)
+
+# nlohmann/json (JSON parser)
+FetchContent_Declare(json
+    URL https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.11.3/json.tar.xz
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(json)
+
+# cpp-llamalib (header-only llama.cpp wrapper)
+FetchContent_Declare(cpp_llamalib
+    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-llamalib
+    GIT_TAG        main
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(cpp_llamalib)
+
+add_executable(translate-server src/main.cpp)
+
+target_link_libraries(translate-server PRIVATE
+    httplib::httplib
+    nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json
+    cpp-llamalib
+)
+```
+
+`FetchContent_Declare` tells CMake where to find each library, and `FetchContent_MakeAvailable` fetches and builds them. The first `cmake -B build` will take some time because it downloads all libraries and builds llama.cpp, but subsequent runs will use the cache.
+
+Just link with `target_link_libraries`, and each library's CMake configuration sets up include paths and build settings for you.
+
+## 1.5 Creating the Skeleton Code
+
+We'll use this skeleton code as a base and add functionality chapter by chapter.
+
+<!-- data-file="main.cpp" -->
+```cpp
+// src/main.cpp
+#include <httplib.h>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+#include <csignal>
+#include <iostream>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+httplib::Server svr;
+
+// Graceful shutdown on `Ctrl+C`
+void signal_handler(int sig) {
+  if (sig == SIGINT || sig == SIGTERM) {
+    std::cout << "\nReceived signal, shutting down gracefully...\n";
+    svr.stop();
+  }
+}
+
+int main() {
+  // Log requests and responses
+  svr.set_logger([](const auto &req, const auto &res) {
+    std::cout << req.method << " " << req.path << " -> " << res.status
+              << std::endl;
+  });
+
+  // Health check
+  svr.Get("/health", [](const auto &, auto &res) {
+    res.set_content(json{{"status", "ok"}}.dump(), "application/json");
+  });
+
+  // Stub implementations for each endpoint (replaced with real ones in later chapters)
+  svr.Post("/translate",
+           [](const auto &req, auto &res) {
+    res.set_content(json{{"translation", "TODO"}}.dump(), "application/json");
+  });
+
+  svr.Post("/translate/stream",
+           [](const auto &req, auto &res) {
+    res.set_content("data: \"TODO\"\n\ndata: [DONE]\n\n", "text/event-stream");
+  });
+
+  svr.Get("/models",
+          [](const auto &req, auto &res) {
+    res.set_content(json{{"models", json::array()}}.dump(), "application/json");
+  });
+
+  svr.Post("/models/select",
+           [](const auto &req, auto &res) {
+    res.set_content(json{{"status", "TODO"}}.dump(), "application/json");
+  });
+
+  // Allow the server to be stopped with `Ctrl+C` (`SIGINT`) or `kill` (`SIGTERM`)
+  signal(SIGINT, signal_handler);
+  signal(SIGTERM, signal_handler);
+
+  // Start the server
+  std::cout << "Listening on http://127.0.0.1:8080" << std::endl;
+  svr.listen("127.0.0.1", 8080);
+}
+```
+
+## 1.6 Building and Verifying
+
+Build the project, start the server, and verify that requests work with curl.
+
+```bash
+cmake -B build
+cmake --build build -j
+./build/translate-server
+```
+
+From another terminal, try it with curl.
+
+```bash
+curl http://localhost:8080/health
+# => {"status":"ok"}
+```
+
+If you see JSON come back, the setup is complete.
+
+## Next Chapter
+
+Now that the environment is set up, in the next chapter we'll implement the translation REST API on top of this skeleton. We'll run inference with llama.cpp and expose it as an HTTP endpoint with cpp-httplib.
+
+**Next:** [Integrating llama.cpp to Build a REST API](../ch02-rest-api)

docs-src/pages/en/llm-app/ch02-rest-api.md

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+---
+title: "2. Integrating llama.cpp to Build a REST API"
+order: 2
+
+---
+
+In the skeleton from Chapter 1, `/translate` simply returned `"TODO"`. In this chapter we integrate llama.cpp inference and turn it into an API that actually returns translation results.
+
+Calling the llama.cpp API directly makes the code quite long, so we use a thin wrapper library called [cpp-llamalib](https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-llamalib). It lets you load a model and run inference in just a few lines, keeping the focus on cpp-httplib.
+
+## 2.1 Initializing the LLM
+
+Simply pass the path to a model file to `llamalib::Llama`, and model loading, context creation, and sampler configuration are all taken care of. If you downloaded a different model in Chapter 1, adjust the path accordingly.
+
+```cpp
+#include <cpp-llamalib.h>
+
+int main() {
+  auto llm = llamalib::Llama{"models/gemma-2-2b-it-Q4_K_M.gguf"};
+
+  // LLM inference takes time, so set a longer timeout (default is 5 seconds)
+  svr.set_read_timeout(300);
+  svr.set_write_timeout(300);
+
+  // ... Build and start the HTTP server ...
+}
+```
+
+If you want to change the number of GPU layers, context length, or other settings, you can specify them via `llamalib::Options`.
+
+```cpp
+auto llm = llamalib::Llama{"models/gemma-2-2b-it-Q4_K_M.gguf", {
+  .n_gpu_layers = 0,  // CPU only
+  .n_ctx = 4096,
+}};
+```
+
+## 2.2 The `/translate` Handler
+
+We replace the handler that returned dummy JSON in Chapter 1 with actual inference.
+
+```cpp
+svr.Post("/translate",
+         [&](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  // Parse JSON (3rd arg `false`: don't throw on failure, check with `is_discarded()`)
+  auto input = json::parse(req.body, nullptr, false);
+  if (input.is_discarded()) {
+    res.status = 400;
+    res.set_content(json{{"error", "Invalid JSON"}}.dump(),
+                    "application/json");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Validate required fields
+  if (!input.contains("text") || !input["text"].is_string() ||
+      input["text"].get<std::string>().empty()) {
+    res.status = 400;
+    res.set_content(json{{"error", "'text' is required"}}.dump(),
+                    "application/json");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  auto text = input["text"].get<std::string>();
+  auto target_lang = input.value("target_lang", "ja"); // Default is Japanese
+
+  // Build the prompt and run inference
+  auto prompt = "Translate the following text to " + target_lang +
+                ". Output only the translation, nothing else.\n\n" + text;
+
+  try {
+    auto translation = llm.chat(prompt);
+    res.set_content(json{{"translation", translation}}.dump(),
+                    "application/json");
+  } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+    res.status = 500;
+    res.set_content(json{{"error", e.what()}}.dump(), "application/json");
+  }
+});
+```
+
+`llm.chat()` can throw exceptions during inference (for example, when the context length is exceeded). By catching them with `try/catch` and returning the error as JSON, we prevent the server from crashing.
+
+## 2.3 Complete Code
+
+Here is the finished code with all the changes so far.
+
+<details>
+<summary data-file="main.cpp">Complete code (main.cpp)</summary>
+
+```cpp
+#include <httplib.h>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+#include <cpp-llamalib.h>
+
+#include <csignal>
+#include <iostream>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+httplib::Server svr;
+
+// Graceful shutdown on `Ctrl+C`
+void signal_handler(int sig) {
+  if (sig == SIGINT || sig == SIGTERM) {
+    std::cout << "\nReceived signal, shutting down gracefully...\n";
+    svr.stop();
+  }
+}
+
+int main() {
+  // Load the model downloaded in Chapter 1
+  auto llm = llamalib::Llama{"models/gemma-2-2b-it-Q4_K_M.gguf"};
+
+  // LLM inference takes time, so set a longer timeout (default is 5 seconds)
+  svr.set_read_timeout(300);
+  svr.set_write_timeout(300);
+
+  // Log requests and responses
+  svr.set_logger([](const auto &req, const auto &res) {
+    std::cout << req.method << " " << req.path << " -> " << res.status
+              << std::endl;
+  });
+
+  svr.Get("/health", [](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response &res) {
+    res.set_content(json{{"status", "ok"}}.dump(), "application/json");
+  });
+
+  svr.Post("/translate",
+           [&](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    // Parse JSON (3rd arg `false`: don't throw on failure, check with `is_discarded()`)
+    auto input = json::parse(req.body, nullptr, false);
+    if (input.is_discarded()) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", "Invalid JSON"}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Validate required fields
+    if (!input.contains("text") || !input["text"].is_string() ||
+        input["text"].get<std::string>().empty()) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", "'text' is required"}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    auto text = input["text"].get<std::string>();
+    auto target_lang = input.value("target_lang", "ja"); // Default is Japanese
+
+    // Build the prompt and run inference
+    auto prompt = "Translate the following text to " + target_lang +
+                  ". Output only the translation, nothing else.\n\n" + text;
+
+    try {
+      auto translation = llm.chat(prompt);
+      res.set_content(json{{"translation", translation}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+      res.status = 500;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", e.what()}}.dump(), "application/json");
+    }
+  });
+
+  // Dummy implementations to be replaced with real ones in later chapters
+  svr.Get("/models",
+          [](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response &res) {
+    res.set_content(json{{"models", json::array()}}.dump(), "application/json");
+  });
+
+  svr.Post("/models/select",
+           [](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response &res) {
+    res.set_content(json{{"status", "TODO"}}.dump(), "application/json");
+  });
+
+  // Allow the server to be stopped with `Ctrl+C` (`SIGINT`) or `kill` (`SIGTERM`)
+  signal(SIGINT, signal_handler);
+  signal(SIGTERM, signal_handler);
+
+  // Start the server (blocks until `stop()` is called)
+  std::cout << "Listening on http://127.0.0.1:8080" << std::endl;
+  svr.listen("127.0.0.1", 8080);
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+## 2.4 Testing It Out
+
+Rebuild and start the server, then verify that it now returns actual translation results.
+
+```bash
+cmake --build build -j
+./build/translate-server
+```
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/translate \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{"text": "I had a great time visiting Tokyo last spring. The cherry blossoms were beautiful.", "target_lang": "ja"}'
+# => {"translation":"去年の春に東京を訪れた。桜が綺麗だった。"}
+```
+
+In Chapter 1 the response was `"TODO"`, but now you get an actual translation back.
+
+## Next Chapter
+
+The REST API we built in this chapter waits for the entire translation to complete before sending the response, so for long texts the user has to wait with no indication of progress.
+
+In the next chapter, we use SSE (Server-Sent Events) to stream tokens back in real time as they are generated.
+
+**Next:** [Adding Token Streaming with SSE](../ch03-sse-streaming)

docs-src/pages/en/llm-app/ch03-sse-streaming.md

@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+---
+title: "3. Adding Token Streaming with SSE"
+order: 3
+
+---
+
+The `/translate` endpoint from Chapter 2 returned the entire translation at once after completion. This is fine for short sentences, but for longer text the user has to wait several seconds with nothing displayed.
+
+In this chapter, we add a `/translate/stream` endpoint that uses SSE (Server-Sent Events) to return tokens in real time as they are generated. This is the same approach used by the ChatGPT and Claude APIs.
+
+## 3.1 What is SSE?
+
+SSE is a way to send HTTP responses as a stream. When a client sends a request, the server keeps the connection open and gradually returns events. The format is simple text.
+
+```text
+data: "去年の"
+data: "春に"
+data: "東京を"
+data: [DONE]
+```
+
+Each line starts with `data:` and events are separated by blank lines. The Content-Type is `text/event-stream`. Tokens are sent as escaped JSON strings, so they appear enclosed in double quotes (we implement this in Section 3.3).
+
+## 3.2 Streaming with cpp-httplib
+
+In cpp-httplib, you can use `set_chunked_content_provider` to send responses incrementally. Each time you write to `sink.os` inside the callback, data is sent to the client.
+
+```cpp
+res.set_chunked_content_provider(
+    "text/event-stream",
+    [](size_t offset, httplib::DataSink &sink) {
+      sink.os << "data: hello\n\n";
+      sink.done();
+      return true;
+    });
+```
+
+Calling `sink.done()` ends the stream. If the client disconnects mid-stream, writing to `sink.os` will fail and `sink.os.fail()` will return `true`. You can use this to detect disconnection and abort unnecessary inference.
+
+## 3.3 The `/translate/stream` Handler
+
+JSON parsing and validation are the same as the `/translate` endpoint from Chapter 2. The only difference is how the response is returned. We combine the streaming callback of `llm.chat()` with `set_chunked_content_provider`.
+
+```cpp
+svr.Post("/translate/stream",
+         [&](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  // ... JSON parsing and validation same as /translate ...
+
+  res.set_chunked_content_provider(
+      "text/event-stream",
+      [&, prompt](size_t, httplib::DataSink &sink) {
+        try {
+          llm.chat(prompt, [&](std::string_view token) {
+            sink.os << "data: "
+                    << json(std::string(token)).dump(
+                         -1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace)
+                    << "\n\n";
+            return sink.os.good(); // Abort inference on disconnect
+          });
+          sink.os << "data: [DONE]\n\n";
+        } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+          sink.os << "data: " << json({{"error", e.what()}}).dump() << "\n\n";
+        }
+        sink.done();
+        return true;
+      });
+});
+```
+
+A few key points:
+
+- When you pass a callback to `llm.chat()`, it is called each time a token is generated. If the callback returns `false`, generation is aborted
+- After writing to `sink.os`, you can check whether the client is still connected with `sink.os.good()`. If the client has disconnected, it returns `false` to stop inference
+- Each token is escaped as a JSON string using `json(token).dump()` before sending. This is safe even for tokens containing newlines or quotes
+- The first three arguments of `dump(-1, ' ', false, ...)` are the defaults. What matters is the fourth argument, `json::error_handler_t::replace`. Since the LLM returns tokens at the subword level, multi-byte characters (such as Japanese) can be split mid-character across tokens. Passing an incomplete UTF-8 byte sequence directly to `dump()` would throw an exception, so `replace` safely substitutes them. The browser reassembles the bytes on its end, so everything displays correctly
+- The entire lambda is wrapped in `try/catch`. `llm.chat()` can throw exceptions for reasons such as exceeding the context window. If an exception goes uncaught inside the lambda, the server will crash, so we return the error as an SSE event instead
+- `data: [DONE]` follows the OpenAI API convention to signal the end of the stream to the client
+
+## 3.4 Complete Code
+
+Here is the complete code with the `/translate/stream` endpoint added to the code from Chapter 2.
+
+<details>
+<summary data-file="main.cpp">Complete code (main.cpp)</summary>
+
+```cpp
+#include <httplib.h>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+#include <cpp-llamalib.h>
+
+#include <csignal>
+#include <iostream>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+httplib::Server svr;
+
+// Graceful shutdown on `Ctrl+C`
+void signal_handler(int sig) {
+  if (sig == SIGINT || sig == SIGTERM) {
+    std::cout << "\nReceived signal, shutting down gracefully...\n";
+    svr.stop();
+  }
+}
+
+int main() {
+  // Load the GGUF model
+  auto llm = llamalib::Llama{"models/gemma-2-2b-it-Q4_K_M.gguf"};
+
+  // LLM inference takes time, so set a longer timeout (default is 5 seconds)
+  svr.set_read_timeout(300);
+  svr.set_write_timeout(300);
+
+  // Log requests and responses
+  svr.set_logger([](const auto &req, const auto &res) {
+    std::cout << req.method << " " << req.path << " -> " << res.status
+              << std::endl;
+  });
+
+  svr.Get("/health", [](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response &res) {
+    res.set_content(json{{"status", "ok"}}.dump(), "application/json");
+  });
+
+  // Standard translation endpoint from Chapter 2
+  svr.Post("/translate",
+           [&](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    // JSON parsing and validation (see Chapter 2 for details)
+    auto input = json::parse(req.body, nullptr, false);
+    if (input.is_discarded()) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", "Invalid JSON"}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!input.contains("text") || !input["text"].is_string() ||
+        input["text"].get<std::string>().empty()) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", "'text' is required"}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    auto text = input["text"].get<std::string>();
+    auto target_lang = input.value("target_lang", "ja");
+
+    auto prompt = "Translate the following text to " + target_lang +
+                  ". Output only the translation, nothing else.\n\n" + text;
+
+    try {
+      auto translation = llm.chat(prompt);
+      res.set_content(json{{"translation", translation}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+      res.status = 500;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", e.what()}}.dump(), "application/json");
+    }
+  });
+
+  // SSE streaming translation endpoint
+  svr.Post("/translate/stream",
+           [&](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    // JSON parsing and validation (same as /translate)
+    auto input = json::parse(req.body, nullptr, false);
+    if (input.is_discarded()) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", "Invalid JSON"}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!input.contains("text") || !input["text"].is_string() ||
+        input["text"].get<std::string>().empty()) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", "'text' is required"}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    auto text = input["text"].get<std::string>();
+    auto target_lang = input.value("target_lang", "ja");
+
+    auto prompt = "Translate the following text to " + target_lang +
+                  ". Output only the translation, nothing else.\n\n" + text;
+
+    res.set_chunked_content_provider(
+        "text/event-stream",
+        [&, prompt](size_t, httplib::DataSink &sink) {
+          try {
+            llm.chat(prompt, [&](std::string_view token) {
+              sink.os << "data: "
+                      << json(std::string(token)).dump(
+                           -1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace)
+                      << "\n\n";
+              return sink.os.good(); // Abort inference on disconnect
+            });
+            sink.os << "data: [DONE]\n\n";
+          } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+            sink.os << "data: " << json({{"error", e.what()}}).dump() << "\n\n";
+          }
+          sink.done();
+          return true;
+        });
+  });
+
+  // Dummy implementations to be replaced in later chapters
+  svr.Get("/models",
+          [](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response &res) {
+    res.set_content(json{{"models", json::array()}}.dump(), "application/json");
+  });
+
+  svr.Post("/models/select",
+           [](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response &res) {
+    res.set_content(json{{"status", "TODO"}}.dump(), "application/json");
+  });
+
+  // Allow the server to be stopped with `Ctrl+C` (`SIGINT`) or `kill` (`SIGTERM`)
+  signal(SIGINT, signal_handler);
+  signal(SIGTERM, signal_handler);
+
+  // Start the server (blocks until `stop()` is called)
+  std::cout << "Listening on http://127.0.0.1:8080" << std::endl;
+  svr.listen("127.0.0.1", 8080);
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+## 3.5 Testing It Out
+
+Build and start the server.
+
+```bash
+cmake --build build -j
+./build/translate-server
+```
+
+Using curl's `-N` option to disable buffering, you can see tokens displayed in real time as they arrive.
+
+```bash
+curl -N -X POST http://localhost:8080/translate/stream \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{"text": "I had a great time visiting Tokyo last spring. The cherry blossoms were beautiful.", "target_lang": "ja"}'
+```
+
+```text
+data: "去年の"
+data: "春に"
+data: "東京を"
+data: "訪れた"
+data: "。"
+data: "桜が"
+data: "綺麗だった"
+data: "。"
+data: [DONE]
+```
+
+You should see tokens streaming in one by one. The `/translate` endpoint from Chapter 2 continues to work as well.
+
+## Next Chapter
+
+The server's translation functionality is now complete. In the next chapter, we use cpp-httplib's client functionality to add the ability to fetch and manage models from Hugging Face.
+
+**Next:** [Adding Model Download and Management](../ch04-model-management)

docs-src/pages/en/llm-app/ch04-model-management.md

@@ -0,0 +1,788 @@
+---
+title: "4. Adding Model Download and Management"
+order: 4
+
+---
+
+By the end of Chapter 3, the server's translation functionality was fully in place. However, the only model file available is the one we manually downloaded in Chapter 1. In this chapter, we'll use cpp-httplib's **client functionality** to enable downloading and switching Hugging Face models from within the app.
+
+Once complete, you'll be able to manage models with requests like these:
+
+```bash
+# Get the list of available models
+curl http://localhost:8080/models
+```
+
+```json
+{
+  "models": [
+    {"name": "gemma-2-2b-it", "params": "2B", "size": "1.6 GB", "downloaded": true, "selected": true},
+    {"name": "gemma-2-9b-it", "params": "9B", "size": "5.8 GB", "downloaded": false, "selected": false},
+    {"name": "Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct", "params": "8B", "size": "4.9 GB", "downloaded": false, "selected": false}
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+```bash
+# Select a different model (automatically downloads if not yet available)
+curl -N -X POST http://localhost:8080/models/select \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{"model": "gemma-2-9b-it"}'
+```
+
+```text
+data: {"status":"downloading","progress":0}
+data: {"status":"downloading","progress":12}
+...
+data: {"status":"downloading","progress":100}
+data: {"status":"loading"}
+data: {"status":"ready"}
+```
+
+## 4.1 httplib::Client Basics
+
+So far we've only used `httplib::Server`, but cpp-httplib also provides client functionality. Since Hugging Face uses HTTPS, we need a TLS-capable client.
+
+```cpp
+#include <httplib.h>
+
+// Including the URL scheme automatically uses SSLClient
+httplib::Client cli("https://huggingface.co");
+
+// Automatically follow redirects (Hugging Face redirects to a CDN)
+cli.set_follow_location(true);
+
+auto res = cli.Get("/api/models");
+if (res && res->status == 200) {
+  std::cout << res->body << std::endl;
+}
+```
+
+To use HTTPS, you need to enable OpenSSL at build time. Add the following to your `CMakeLists.txt`:
+
+```cmake
+find_package(OpenSSL REQUIRED)
+
+target_link_libraries(translate-server PRIVATE OpenSSL::SSL OpenSSL::Crypto)
+target_compile_definitions(translate-server PRIVATE CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT)
+
+# macOS: required for loading system certificates
+if(APPLE)
+  target_link_libraries(translate-server PRIVATE "-framework CoreFoundation" "-framework Security")
+endif()
+```
+
+Defining `CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT` enables `httplib::Client("https://...")` to make TLS connections. On macOS, you also need to link the CoreFoundation and Security frameworks to access the system certificate store. See Section 4.8 for the complete `CMakeLists.txt`.
+
+## 4.2 Defining the Model List
+
+Let's define the list of models that the app can handle. Here are four models we've verified for translation tasks.
+
+```cpp
+struct ModelInfo {
+  std::string name;       // Display name
+  std::string params;     // Parameter count
+  std::string size;       // GGUF Q4 size
+  std::string repo;       // Hugging Face repository
+  std::string filename;   // GGUF filename
+};
+
+const std::vector<ModelInfo> MODELS = {
+  {
+    .name     = "gemma-2-2b-it",
+    .params   = "2B",
+    .size     = "1.6 GB",
+    .repo     = "bartowski/gemma-2-2b-it-GGUF",
+    .filename = "gemma-2-2b-it-Q4_K_M.gguf",
+  },
+  {
+    .name     = "gemma-2-9b-it",
+    .params   = "9B",
+    .size     = "5.8 GB",
+    .repo     = "bartowski/gemma-2-9b-it-GGUF",
+    .filename = "gemma-2-9b-it-Q4_K_M.gguf",
+  },
+  {
+    .name     = "Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct",
+    .params   = "8B",
+    .size     = "4.9 GB",
+    .repo     = "bartowski/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-GGUF",
+    .filename = "Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-Q4_K_M.gguf",
+  },
+};
+```
+
+## 4.3 Model Storage Location
+
+Up through Chapter 3, we stored models in the `models/` directory within the project. However, when managing multiple models, a dedicated app directory makes more sense. On macOS/Linux we use `~/.translate-app/models/`, and on Windows we use `%APPDATA%\translate-app\models\`.
+
+```cpp
+std::filesystem::path get_models_dir() {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  auto env = std::getenv("APPDATA");
+  auto base = env ? std::filesystem::path(env) : std::filesystem::path(".");
+  return base / "translate-app" / "models";
+#else
+  auto env = std::getenv("HOME");
+  auto base = env ? std::filesystem::path(env) : std::filesystem::path(".");
+  return base / ".translate-app" / "models";
+#endif
+}
+```
+
+If the environment variable isn't set, it falls back to the current directory. The app creates this directory at startup (`create_directories` won't error even if it already exists).
+
+## 4.4 Rewriting Model Initialization
+
+We rewrite the model initialization at the beginning of `main()`. In Chapter 1 we hardcoded the path, but from here on we support model switching. We track the currently loaded filename in `selected_model` and load the first entry in `MODELS` at startup. The `GET /models` and `POST /models/select` handlers reference and update this variable.
+
+Since cpp-httplib runs handlers concurrently on a thread pool, reassigning `llm` while another thread is calling `llm.chat()` would crash. We add a `std::mutex` to protect against this.
+
+```cpp
+int main() {
+  auto models_dir = get_models_dir();
+  std::filesystem::create_directories(models_dir);
+
+  std::string selected_model = MODELS[0].filename;
+  auto path = models_dir / selected_model;
+
+  // Automatically download the default model if not yet present
+  if (!std::filesystem::exists(path)) {
+    std::cout << "Downloading " << selected_model << "..." << std::endl;
+    if (!download_model(MODELS[0], [](int pct) {
+          std::cout << "\r" << pct << "%" << std::flush;
+          return true;
+        })) {
+      std::cerr << "\nFailed to download model." << std::endl;
+      return 1;
+    }
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+  }
+  auto llm = llamalib::Llama{path};
+  std::mutex llm_mutex; // Protect access during model switching
+  // ...
+}
+```
+
+This ensures that users don't need to manually download models with curl on first launch. It uses the `download_model` function from Section 4.6 and displays progress on the console.
+
+## 4.5 The `GET /models` Handler
+
+This returns the model list with information about whether each model has been downloaded and whether it's currently selected.
+
+```cpp
+svr.Get("/models",
+        [&](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response &res) {
+  auto arr = json::array();
+  for (const auto &m : MODELS) {
+    auto path = get_models_dir() / m.filename;
+    arr.push_back({
+      {"name",       m.name},
+      {"params",     m.params},
+      {"size",       m.size},
+      {"downloaded", std::filesystem::exists(path)},
+      {"selected",   m.filename == selected_model},
+    });
+  }
+  res.set_content(json{{"models", arr}}.dump(), "application/json");
+});
+```
+
+## 4.6 Downloading Large Files
+
+GGUF models are several gigabytes, so we can't load the entire file into memory. By passing callbacks to `httplib::Client::Get`, we can receive data chunk by chunk.
+
+```cpp
+// content_receiver: callback that receives data chunks
+// progress: download progress callback
+cli.Get(url,
+  [&](const char *data, size_t len) {       // content_receiver
+    ofs.write(data, len);
+    return true;  // returning false aborts the download
+  },
+  [&](size_t current, size_t total) {        // progress
+    int pct = total ? (int)(current * 100 / total) : 0;
+    std::cout << pct << "%" << std::endl;
+    return true;  // returning false aborts the download
+  });
+```
+
+Let's use this to create a function that downloads models from Hugging Face.
+
+```cpp
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <fstream>
+
+// Download a model and report progress via progress_cb.
+// If progress_cb returns false, the download is aborted.
+bool download_model(const ModelInfo &model,
+                    std::function<bool(int)> progress_cb) {
+  httplib::Client cli("https://huggingface.co");
+  cli.set_follow_location(true);
+  cli.set_read_timeout(std::chrono::hours(1));
+
+  auto url = "/" + model.repo + "/resolve/main/" + model.filename;
+  auto path = get_models_dir() / model.filename;
+  auto tmp_path = std::filesystem::path(path).concat(".tmp");
+
+  std::ofstream ofs(tmp_path, std::ios::binary);
+  if (!ofs) { return false; }
+
+  auto res = cli.Get(url,
+    [&](const char *data, size_t len) {
+      ofs.write(data, len);
+      return ofs.good();
+    },
+    [&](size_t current, size_t total) {
+      return progress_cb(total ? (int)(current * 100 / total) : 0);
+    });
+
+  ofs.close();
+
+  if (!res || res->status != 200) {
+    std::filesystem::remove(tmp_path);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Write to .tmp first, then rename, so that an incomplete file
+  // is never mistaken for a usable model if the download is interrupted
+  std::filesystem::rename(tmp_path, path);
+  return true;
+}
+```
+
+## 4.7 The `/models/select` Handler
+
+This handles model selection requests. We always respond with SSE, reporting status in sequence: download progress, loading, and ready.
+
+```cpp
+svr.Post("/models/select",
+         [&](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+  auto input = json::parse(req.body, nullptr, false);
+  if (input.is_discarded() || !input.contains("model")) {
+    res.status = 400;
+    res.set_content(json{{"error", "'model' is required"}}.dump(),
+                    "application/json");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  auto name = input["model"].get<std::string>();
+
+  // Find the model in the list
+  auto it = std::find_if(MODELS.begin(), MODELS.end(),
+    [&](const ModelInfo &m) { return m.name == name; });
+
+  if (it == MODELS.end()) {
+    res.status = 404;
+    res.set_content(json{{"error", "Unknown model"}}.dump(),
+                    "application/json");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const auto &model = *it;
+
+  // Always respond with SSE (same format whether already downloaded or not)
+  res.set_chunked_content_provider(
+      "text/event-stream",
+      [&, model](size_t, httplib::DataSink &sink) {
+        // SSE event sending helper
+        auto send = [&](const json &event) {
+          sink.os << "data: " << event.dump() << "\n\n";
+        };
+
+        // Download if not yet present (report progress via SSE)
+        auto path = get_models_dir() / model.filename;
+        if (!std::filesystem::exists(path)) {
+          bool ok = download_model(model, [&](int pct) {
+            send({{"status", "downloading"}, {"progress", pct}});
+            return sink.os.good(); // Abort download on client disconnect
+          });
+          if (!ok) {
+            send({{"status", "error"}, {"message", "Download failed"}});
+            sink.done();
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Load and switch to the model
+        send({{"status", "loading"}});
+        {
+          std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(llm_mutex);
+          llm = llamalib::Llama{path};
+          selected_model = model.filename;
+        }
+
+        send({{"status", "ready"}});
+        sink.done();
+        return true;
+      });
+});
+```
+
+A few notes:
+
+- We send SSE events directly from the `download_model` progress callback. This is an application of `set_chunked_content_provider` + `sink.os` from Chapter 3
+- Since the callback returns `sink.os.good()`, the download stops if the client disconnects. The cancel button we add in Chapter 5 uses this
+- When we update `selected_model`, it's reflected in the `selected` flag of `GET /models`
+- The `llm` reassignment is protected by `llm_mutex`. The `/translate` and `/translate/stream` handlers also lock the same mutex, so inference can't run during a model switch (see the complete code)
+
+## 4.8 Complete Code
+
+Here is the complete code with model management added to the Chapter 3 code.
+
+<details>
+<summary data-file="CMakeLists.txt">Complete code (CMakeLists.txt)</summary>
+
+```cmake
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)
+project(translate-server CXX)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
+
+include(FetchContent)
+
+# llama.cpp
+FetchContent_Declare(llama
+    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp
+    GIT_TAG        master
+    GIT_SHALLOW    TRUE
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(llama)
+
+# cpp-httplib
+FetchContent_Declare(httplib
+    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib
+    GIT_TAG        master
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(httplib)
+
+# nlohmann/json
+FetchContent_Declare(json
+    URL https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.11.3/json.tar.xz
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(json)
+
+# cpp-llamalib
+FetchContent_Declare(cpp_llamalib
+    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-llamalib
+    GIT_TAG        main
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(cpp_llamalib)
+
+find_package(OpenSSL REQUIRED)
+
+add_executable(translate-server src/main.cpp)
+
+target_link_libraries(translate-server PRIVATE
+    httplib::httplib
+    nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json
+    cpp-llamalib
+    OpenSSL::SSL OpenSSL::Crypto
+)
+
+target_compile_definitions(translate-server PRIVATE CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT)
+
+if(APPLE)
+    target_link_libraries(translate-server PRIVATE
+        "-framework CoreFoundation"
+        "-framework Security"
+    )
+endif()
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary data-file="main.cpp">Complete code (main.cpp)</summary>
+
+```cpp
+#include <httplib.h>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+#include <cpp-llamalib.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <csignal>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <mutex>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Model definitions
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+struct ModelInfo {
+  std::string name;
+  std::string params;
+  std::string size;
+  std::string repo;
+  std::string filename;
+};
+
+const std::vector<ModelInfo> MODELS = {
+  {
+    .name     = "gemma-2-2b-it",
+    .params   = "2B",
+    .size     = "1.6 GB",
+    .repo     = "bartowski/gemma-2-2b-it-GGUF",
+    .filename = "gemma-2-2b-it-Q4_K_M.gguf",
+  },
+  {
+    .name     = "gemma-2-9b-it",
+    .params   = "9B",
+    .size     = "5.8 GB",
+    .repo     = "bartowski/gemma-2-9b-it-GGUF",
+    .filename = "gemma-2-9b-it-Q4_K_M.gguf",
+  },
+  {
+    .name     = "Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct",
+    .params   = "8B",
+    .size     = "4.9 GB",
+    .repo     = "bartowski/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-GGUF",
+    .filename = "Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-Q4_K_M.gguf",
+  },
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Model storage directory
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+std::filesystem::path get_models_dir() {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  auto env = std::getenv("APPDATA");
+  auto base = env ? std::filesystem::path(env) : std::filesystem::path(".");
+  return base / "translate-app" / "models";
+#else
+  auto env = std::getenv("HOME");
+  auto base = env ? std::filesystem::path(env) : std::filesystem::path(".");
+  return base / ".translate-app" / "models";
+#endif
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Model download
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// If progress_cb returns false, the download is aborted
+bool download_model(const ModelInfo &model,
+                    std::function<bool(int)> progress_cb) {
+  httplib::Client cli("https://huggingface.co");
+  cli.set_follow_location(true);  // Hugging Face redirects to a CDN
+  cli.set_read_timeout(std::chrono::hours(1)); // Set a long timeout for large models
+
+  auto url = "/" + model.repo + "/resolve/main/" + model.filename;
+  auto path = get_models_dir() / model.filename;
+  auto tmp_path = std::filesystem::path(path).concat(".tmp");
+
+  std::ofstream ofs(tmp_path, std::ios::binary);
+  if (!ofs) { return false; }
+
+  auto res = cli.Get(url,
+    // content_receiver: receive data chunk by chunk and write to file
+    [&](const char *data, size_t len) {
+      ofs.write(data, len);
+      return ofs.good();
+    },
+    // progress: report download progress (returning false aborts)
+    [&, last_pct = -1](size_t current, size_t total) mutable {
+      int pct = total ? (int)(current * 100 / total) : 0;
+      if (pct == last_pct) return true; // Skip if same value
+      last_pct = pct;
+      return progress_cb(pct);
+    });
+
+  ofs.close();
+
+  if (!res || res->status != 200) {
+    std::filesystem::remove(tmp_path);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Rename after download completes
+  std::filesystem::rename(tmp_path, path);
+  return true;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Server
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+httplib::Server svr;
+
+void signal_handler(int sig) {
+  if (sig == SIGINT || sig == SIGTERM) {
+    std::cout << "\nReceived signal, shutting down gracefully...\n";
+    svr.stop();
+  }
+}
+
+int main() {
+  // Create the model storage directory
+  auto models_dir = get_models_dir();
+  std::filesystem::create_directories(models_dir);
+
+  // Automatically download the default model if not yet present
+  std::string selected_model = MODELS[0].filename;
+  auto path = models_dir / selected_model;
+  if (!std::filesystem::exists(path)) {
+    std::cout << "Downloading " << selected_model << "..." << std::endl;
+    if (!download_model(MODELS[0], [](int pct) {
+          std::cout << "\r" << pct << "%" << std::flush;
+          return true;
+        })) {
+      std::cerr << "\nFailed to download model." << std::endl;
+      return 1;
+    }
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+  }
+  auto llm = llamalib::Llama{path};
+  std::mutex llm_mutex; // Protect access during model switching
+
+  // Set a long timeout since LLM inference takes time (default is 5 seconds)
+  svr.set_read_timeout(300);
+  svr.set_write_timeout(300);
+
+  svr.set_logger([](const auto &req, const auto &res) {
+    std::cout << req.method << " " << req.path << " -> " << res.status
+              << std::endl;
+  });
+
+  svr.Get("/health", [](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response &res) {
+    res.set_content(json{{"status", "ok"}}.dump(), "application/json");
+  });
+
+  // --- Translation endpoint (Chapter 2) ------------------------------------
+
+  svr.Post("/translate",
+           [&](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    // JSON parsing and validation (see Chapter 2 for details)
+    auto input = json::parse(req.body, nullptr, false);
+    if (input.is_discarded()) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", "Invalid JSON"}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!input.contains("text") || !input["text"].is_string() ||
+        input["text"].get<std::string>().empty()) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", "'text' is required"}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    auto text = input["text"].get<std::string>();
+    auto target_lang = input.value("target_lang", "ja");
+
+    auto prompt = "Translate the following text to " + target_lang +
+                  ". Output only the translation, nothing else.\n\n" + text;
+
+    try {
+      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(llm_mutex);
+      auto translation = llm.chat(prompt);
+      res.set_content(json{{"translation", translation}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+      res.status = 500;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", e.what()}}.dump(), "application/json");
+    }
+  });
+
+  // --- SSE streaming translation (Chapter 3) -------------------------------
+
+  svr.Post("/translate/stream",
+           [&](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    auto input = json::parse(req.body, nullptr, false);
+    if (input.is_discarded()) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", "Invalid JSON"}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!input.contains("text") || !input["text"].is_string() ||
+        input["text"].get<std::string>().empty()) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", "'text' is required"}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    auto text = input["text"].get<std::string>();
+    auto target_lang = input.value("target_lang", "ja");
+
+    auto prompt = "Translate the following text to " + target_lang +
+                  ". Output only the translation, nothing else.\n\n" + text;
+
+    res.set_chunked_content_provider(
+        "text/event-stream",
+        [&, prompt](size_t, httplib::DataSink &sink) {
+          std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(llm_mutex);
+          try {
+            llm.chat(prompt, [&](std::string_view token) {
+              sink.os << "data: "
+                      << json(std::string(token)).dump(
+                           -1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace)
+                      << "\n\n";
+              return sink.os.good(); // Abort inference on disconnect
+            });
+            sink.os << "data: [DONE]\n\n";
+          } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+            sink.os << "data: " << json({{"error", e.what()}}).dump() << "\n\n";
+          }
+          sink.done();
+          return true;
+        });
+  });
+
+  // --- Model list (Chapter 4) ----------------------------------------------
+
+  svr.Get("/models",
+          [&](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response &res) {
+    auto models_dir = get_models_dir();
+    auto arr = json::array();
+    for (const auto &m : MODELS) {
+      auto path = models_dir / m.filename;
+      arr.push_back({
+        {"name",       m.name},
+        {"params",     m.params},
+        {"size",       m.size},
+        {"downloaded", std::filesystem::exists(path)},
+        {"selected",   m.filename == selected_model},
+      });
+    }
+    res.set_content(json{{"models", arr}}.dump(), "application/json");
+  });
+
+  // --- Model selection (Chapter 4) -----------------------------------------
+
+  svr.Post("/models/select",
+           [&](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    auto input = json::parse(req.body, nullptr, false);
+    if (input.is_discarded() || !input.contains("model")) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", "'model' is required"}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    auto name = input["model"].get<std::string>();
+
+    auto it = std::find_if(MODELS.begin(), MODELS.end(),
+      [&](const ModelInfo &m) { return m.name == name; });
+
+    if (it == MODELS.end()) {
+      res.status = 404;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", "Unknown model"}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const auto &model = *it;
+
+    // Always respond with SSE (same format whether already downloaded or not)
+    res.set_chunked_content_provider(
+        "text/event-stream",
+        [&, model](size_t, httplib::DataSink &sink) {
+          // SSE event sending helper
+          auto send = [&](const json &event) {
+            sink.os << "data: " << event.dump() << "\n\n";
+          };
+
+          // Download if not yet present (report progress via SSE)
+          auto path = get_models_dir() / model.filename;
+          if (!std::filesystem::exists(path)) {
+            bool ok = download_model(model, [&](int pct) {
+              send({{"status", "downloading"}, {"progress", pct}});
+              return sink.os.good(); // Abort download on client disconnect
+            });
+            if (!ok) {
+              send({{"status", "error"}, {"message", "Download failed"}});
+              sink.done();
+              return true;
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Load and switch to the model
+          send({{"status", "loading"}});
+          {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(llm_mutex);
+            llm = llamalib::Llama{path};
+            selected_model = model.filename;
+          }
+
+          send({{"status", "ready"}});
+          sink.done();
+          return true;
+        });
+  });
+
+  // Allow the server to be stopped with `Ctrl+C` (`SIGINT`) or `kill` (`SIGTERM`)
+  signal(SIGINT, signal_handler);
+  signal(SIGTERM, signal_handler);
+
+  std::cout << "Listening on http://127.0.0.1:8080" << std::endl;
+  svr.listen("127.0.0.1", 8080);
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+## 4.9 Testing
+
+Since we added OpenSSL configuration to CMakeLists.txt, we need to re-run CMake before building.
+
+```bash
+cmake -B build
+cmake --build build -j
+./build/translate-server
+```
+
+### Checking the Model List
+
+```bash
+curl http://localhost:8080/models
+```
+
+The gemma-2-2b-it model downloaded in Chapter 1 should show `downloaded: true` and `selected: true`.
+
+### Switching to a Different Model
+
+```bash
+curl -N -X POST http://localhost:8080/models/select \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{"model": "gemma-2-9b-it"}'
+```
+
+Download progress streams via SSE, and `"ready"` appears when it's done.
+
+### Comparing Translations Across Models
+
+Let's translate the same sentence with different models.
+
+```bash
+# Translate with gemma-2-9b-it (the model we just switched to)
+curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/translate \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{"text": "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", "target_lang": "ja"}'
+
+# Switch back to gemma-2-2b-it
+curl -N -X POST http://localhost:8080/models/select \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{"model": "gemma-2-2b-it"}'
+
+# Translate the same sentence
+curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/translate \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{"text": "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", "target_lang": "ja"}'
+```
+
+Translation results vary depending on the model, even with the same code and the same prompt. Since cpp-llamalib automatically applies the appropriate chat template for each model, no code changes are needed.
+
+## Next Chapter
+
+The server's main features are now complete: REST API, SSE streaming, and model download and switching. In the next chapter, we'll add static file serving and build a Web UI you can use from a browser.
+
+**Next:** [Adding a Web UI](../ch05-web-ui)

docs-src/pages/en/llm-app/ch06-desktop-app.md

@@ -0,0 +1,724 @@
+---
+title: "6. Turning It into a Desktop App with WebView"
+order: 6
+
+---
+
+In Chapter 5, we completed a translation app you can use from a browser. But every time, you have to start the server, open the URL in a browser... Wouldn't it be nice to just double-click and start using it, like a normal app?
+
+In this chapter, we'll do two things:
+
+1. **WebView integration** — Use [webview/webview](https://github.com/webview/webview) to turn it into a desktop app that runs without a browser
+2. **Single binary packaging** — Use [cpp-embedlib](https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-embedlib) to embed HTML/CSS/JS into the binary, making the distributable a single file
+
+When finished, you'll be able to just run `./translate-app` to open a window and start translating.
+
+![Desktop App](../app.png#large-center)
+
+The model downloads automatically on first launch, so the only thing you need to give users is the single binary.
+
+## 6.1 Introducing webview/webview
+
+[webview/webview](https://github.com/webview/webview) is a library that lets you use the OS's native WebView component (WKWebView on macOS, WebKitGTK on Linux, WebView2 on Windows) from C/C++. Unlike Electron, it doesn't bundle its own browser, so the impact on binary size is negligible.
+
+We'll fetch it with CMake. Add the following to your `CMakeLists.txt`:
+
+```cmake
+# webview/webview
+FetchContent_Declare(webview
+    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/webview/webview
+    GIT_TAG        master
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(webview)
+```
+
+This makes the `webview::core` CMake target available. When you link it with `target_link_libraries`, it automatically sets up include paths and platform-specific frameworks.
+
+> **macOS**: No additional dependencies are needed. WKWebView is built into the system.
+>
+> **Linux**: WebKitGTK is required. Install it with `sudo apt install libwebkit2gtk-4.1-dev`.
+>
+> **Windows**: The WebView2 runtime is required. It comes pre-installed on Windows 11. For Windows 10, download it from the [official Microsoft website](https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/webview2/).
+
+## 6.2 Running the Server on a Background Thread
+
+Up through Chapter 5, the server's `listen()` was blocking the main thread. To use WebView, we need to run the server on a separate thread and run the WebView event loop on the main thread.
+
+```cpp
+#include "webview/webview.h"
+#include <thread>
+
+int main() {
+  // ... (server setup is the same as Chapter 5) ...
+
+  // Start the server on a background thread
+  auto port = svr.bind_to_any_port("127.0.0.1");
+  std::thread server_thread([&]() { svr.listen_after_bind(); });
+
+  std::cout << "Listening on http://127.0.0.1:" << port << std::endl;
+
+  // Display the UI with WebView
+  webview::webview w(false, nullptr);
+  w.set_title("Translate App");
+  w.set_size(1024, 768, WEBVIEW_HINT_NONE);
+  w.navigate("http://127.0.0.1:" + std::to_string(port));
+  w.run(); // Block until the window is closed
+
+  // Stop the server when the window is closed
+  svr.stop();
+  server_thread.join();
+}
+```
+
+Let's look at the key points:
+
+- **`bind_to_any_port`** — Instead of `listen("127.0.0.1", 8080)`, we let the OS choose an available port. Since desktop apps can be launched multiple times, using a fixed port would cause conflicts
+- **`listen_after_bind`** — Starts accepting requests on the port reserved by `bind_to_any_port`. While `listen()` does bind and listen in one call, we need to know the port number first, so we split the operations
+- **Shutdown order** — When the WebView window is closed, we stop the server with `svr.stop()` and wait for the thread to finish with `server_thread.join()`. If we reversed the order, WebView would lose access to the server
+
+The `signal_handler` from Chapter 5 is no longer needed. In a desktop app, closing the window means terminating the application.
+
+## 6.3 Embedding Static Files with cpp-embedlib
+
+In Chapter 5, we served files from the `public/` directory, so you'd need to distribute `public/` alongside the binary. With [cpp-embedlib](https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-embedlib), you can embed HTML, CSS, and JavaScript into the binary, packaging the distributable into a single file.
+
+### CMakeLists.txt
+
+Fetch cpp-embedlib and embed `public/`:
+
+```cmake
+# cpp-embedlib
+FetchContent_Declare(cpp-embedlib
+    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-embedlib
+    GIT_TAG        main
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(cpp-embedlib)
+
+# Embed the public/ directory into the binary
+cpp_embedlib_add(WebAssets
+    FOLDER    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/public
+    NAMESPACE Web
+)
+
+target_link_libraries(translate-app PRIVATE
+    WebAssets                # Embedded files
+    cpp-embedlib-httplib     # cpp-httplib integration
+)
+```
+
+`cpp_embedlib_add` converts the files under `public/` into binary data at compile time and creates a static library called `WebAssets`. When linked, you can access the embedded files through a `Web::FS` object. `cpp-embedlib-httplib` is a helper library that provides the `httplib::mount()` function.
+
+### Replacing set_mount_point with httplib::mount
+
+Simply replace Chapter 5's `set_mount_point` with cpp-embedlib's `httplib::mount`:
+
+```cpp
+#include <cpp-embedlib-httplib.h>
+#include "WebAssets.h"
+
+// Chapter 5:
+// svr.set_mount_point("/", "./public");
+
+// Chapter 6:
+httplib::mount(svr, Web::FS);
+```
+
+`httplib::mount` registers handlers that serve the files embedded in `Web::FS` over HTTP. MIME types are automatically determined from file extensions, so there's no need to manually set `Content-Type`.
+
+The file contents are directly mapped to the binary's data segment, so no memory copies or heap allocations occur.
+
+## 6.4 macOS: Adding the Edit Menu
+
+If you try to paste text into the input field with `Cmd+V`, you'll find it doesn't work. On macOS, keyboard shortcuts like `Cmd+V` (paste) and `Cmd+C` (copy) are routed through the application's menu bar. Since webview/webview doesn't create one, these shortcuts never reach the WebView. We need to add a macOS Edit menu using the Objective-C runtime:
+
+```cpp
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include <objc/objc-runtime.h>
+
+void setup_macos_edit_menu() {
+  auto cls    = [](const char *n) { return (id)objc_getClass(n); };
+  auto sel    = sel_registerName;
+  auto msg    = reinterpret_cast<id (*)(id, SEL)>(objc_msgSend);
+  auto msg_s  = reinterpret_cast<id (*)(id, SEL, const char *)>(objc_msgSend);
+  auto msg_id = reinterpret_cast<id (*)(id, SEL, id)>(objc_msgSend);
+  auto msg_v  = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(id, SEL, id)>(objc_msgSend);
+  auto msg_mi = reinterpret_cast<id (*)(id, SEL, id, SEL, id)>(objc_msgSend);
+
+  auto str = [&](const char *s) {
+    return msg_s(cls("NSString"), sel("stringWithUTF8String:"), s);
+  };
+
+  id app      = msg(cls("NSApplication"), sel("sharedApplication"));
+  id mainMenu = msg(msg(cls("NSMenu"), sel("alloc")), sel("init"));
+  id editItem = msg(msg(cls("NSMenuItem"), sel("alloc")), sel("init"));
+  id editMenu = msg_id(msg(cls("NSMenu"), sel("alloc")),
+                       sel("initWithTitle:"), str("Edit"));
+
+  struct { const char *title; const char *action; const char *key; } items[] = {
+    {"Undo",       "undo:",      "z"},
+    {"Redo",       "redo:",      "Z"},
+    {"Cut",        "cut:",       "x"},
+    {"Copy",       "copy:",      "c"},
+    {"Paste",      "paste:",     "v"},
+    {"Select All", "selectAll:", "a"},
+  };
+
+  for (auto &[title, action, key] : items) {
+    id mi = msg_mi(msg(cls("NSMenuItem"), sel("alloc")),
+                   sel("initWithTitle:action:keyEquivalent:"),
+                   str(title), sel(action), str(key));
+    msg_v(editMenu, sel("addItem:"), mi);
+  }
+
+  msg_v(editItem, sel("setSubmenu:"), editMenu);
+  msg_v(mainMenu, sel("addItem:"), editItem);
+  msg_v(app, sel("setMainMenu:"), mainMenu);
+}
+#endif
+```
+
+Call this before `w.run()`:
+
+```cpp
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+  setup_macos_edit_menu();
+#endif
+  w.run();
+```
+
+On Windows and Linux, keyboard shortcuts are delivered directly to the focused control without going through the menu bar, so this workaround is macOS-specific.
+
+## 6.5 Complete Code
+
+<details>
+<summary data-file="CMakeLists.txt">Complete code (CMakeLists.txt)</summary>
+
+```cmake
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)
+project(translate-app CXX)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
+
+include(FetchContent)
+
+# llama.cpp
+FetchContent_Declare(llama
+    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp
+    GIT_TAG        master
+    GIT_SHALLOW    TRUE
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(llama)
+
+# cpp-httplib
+FetchContent_Declare(httplib
+    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib
+    GIT_TAG        master
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(httplib)
+
+# nlohmann/json
+FetchContent_Declare(json
+    URL https://github.com/nlohmann/json/releases/download/v3.11.3/json.tar.xz
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(json)
+
+# cpp-llamalib
+FetchContent_Declare(cpp_llamalib
+    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-llamalib
+    GIT_TAG        main
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(cpp_llamalib)
+
+# webview/webview
+FetchContent_Declare(webview
+    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/webview/webview
+    GIT_TAG        master
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(webview)
+
+# cpp-embedlib
+FetchContent_Declare(cpp-embedlib
+    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-embedlib
+    GIT_TAG        main
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(cpp-embedlib)
+
+# Embed the public/ directory into the binary
+cpp_embedlib_add(WebAssets
+    FOLDER    ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/public
+    NAMESPACE Web
+)
+
+find_package(OpenSSL REQUIRED)
+
+add_executable(translate-app src/main.cpp)
+
+target_link_libraries(translate-app PRIVATE
+    httplib::httplib
+    nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json
+    cpp-llamalib
+    OpenSSL::SSL OpenSSL::Crypto
+    WebAssets
+    cpp-embedlib-httplib
+    webview::core
+)
+
+if(APPLE)
+    target_link_libraries(translate-app PRIVATE
+        "-framework CoreFoundation"
+        "-framework Security"
+    )
+endif()
+
+target_compile_definitions(translate-app PRIVATE
+    CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+)
+```
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary data-file="main.cpp">Complete code (main.cpp)</summary>
+
+```cpp
+#include <httplib.h>
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+#include <cpp-llamalib.h>
+#include <cpp-embedlib-httplib.h>
+#include "WebAssets.h"
+#include "webview/webview.h"
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include <objc/objc-runtime.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// macOS Edit menu (Cmd+C/V/X/A require an Edit menu on macOS)
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+void setup_macos_edit_menu() {
+  auto cls    = [](const char *n) { return (id)objc_getClass(n); };
+  auto sel    = sel_registerName;
+  auto msg    = reinterpret_cast<id (*)(id, SEL)>(objc_msgSend);
+  auto msg_s  = reinterpret_cast<id (*)(id, SEL, const char *)>(objc_msgSend);
+  auto msg_id = reinterpret_cast<id (*)(id, SEL, id)>(objc_msgSend);
+  auto msg_v  = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(id, SEL, id)>(objc_msgSend);
+  auto msg_mi = reinterpret_cast<id (*)(id, SEL, id, SEL, id)>(objc_msgSend);
+
+  auto str = [&](const char *s) {
+    return msg_s(cls("NSString"), sel("stringWithUTF8String:"), s);
+  };
+
+  id app      = msg(cls("NSApplication"), sel("sharedApplication"));
+  id mainMenu = msg(msg(cls("NSMenu"), sel("alloc")), sel("init"));
+  id editItem = msg(msg(cls("NSMenuItem"), sel("alloc")), sel("init"));
+  id editMenu = msg_id(msg(cls("NSMenu"), sel("alloc")),
+                       sel("initWithTitle:"), str("Edit"));
+
+  struct { const char *title; const char *action; const char *key; } items[] = {
+    {"Undo",       "undo:",      "z"},
+    {"Redo",       "redo:",      "Z"},
+    {"Cut",        "cut:",       "x"},
+    {"Copy",       "copy:",      "c"},
+    {"Paste",      "paste:",     "v"},
+    {"Select All", "selectAll:", "a"},
+  };
+
+  for (auto &[title, action, key] : items) {
+    id mi = msg_mi(msg(cls("NSMenuItem"), sel("alloc")),
+                   sel("initWithTitle:action:keyEquivalent:"),
+                   str(title), sel(action), str(key));
+    msg_v(editMenu, sel("addItem:"), mi);
+  }
+
+  msg_v(editItem, sel("setSubmenu:"), editMenu);
+  msg_v(mainMenu, sel("addItem:"), editItem);
+  msg_v(app, sel("setMainMenu:"), mainMenu);
+}
+#endif
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Model definitions
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+struct ModelInfo {
+  std::string name;
+  std::string params;
+  std::string size;
+  std::string repo;
+  std::string filename;
+};
+
+const std::vector<ModelInfo> MODELS = {
+  {
+    .name     = "gemma-2-2b-it",
+    .params   = "2B",
+    .size     = "1.6 GB",
+    .repo     = "bartowski/gemma-2-2b-it-GGUF",
+    .filename = "gemma-2-2b-it-Q4_K_M.gguf",
+  },
+  {
+    .name     = "gemma-2-9b-it",
+    .params   = "9B",
+    .size     = "5.8 GB",
+    .repo     = "bartowski/gemma-2-9b-it-GGUF",
+    .filename = "gemma-2-9b-it-Q4_K_M.gguf",
+  },
+  {
+    .name     = "Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct",
+    .params   = "8B",
+    .size     = "4.9 GB",
+    .repo     = "bartowski/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-GGUF",
+    .filename = "Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-Q4_K_M.gguf",
+  },
+};
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Model storage directory
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+std::filesystem::path get_models_dir() {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  auto env = std::getenv("APPDATA");
+  auto base = env ? std::filesystem::path(env) : std::filesystem::path(".");
+  return base / "translate-app" / "models";
+#else
+  auto env = std::getenv("HOME");
+  auto base = env ? std::filesystem::path(env) : std::filesystem::path(".");
+  return base / ".translate-app" / "models";
+#endif
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Model download
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Abort the download if progress_cb returns false
+bool download_model(const ModelInfo &model,
+                    std::function<bool(int)> progress_cb) {
+  httplib::Client cli("https://huggingface.co");
+  cli.set_follow_location(true);  // Hugging Face redirects to a CDN
+  cli.set_read_timeout(std::chrono::hours(1)); // Long timeout for large models
+
+  auto url = "/" + model.repo + "/resolve/main/" + model.filename;
+  auto path = get_models_dir() / model.filename;
+  auto tmp_path = std::filesystem::path(path).concat(".tmp");
+
+  std::ofstream ofs(tmp_path, std::ios::binary);
+  if (!ofs) { return false; }
+
+  auto res = cli.Get(url,
+    // content_receiver: Receive data chunk by chunk and write to file
+    [&](const char *data, size_t len) {
+      ofs.write(data, len);
+      return ofs.good();
+    },
+    // progress: Report download progress (return false to abort)
+    [&, last_pct = -1](size_t current, size_t total) mutable {
+      int pct = total ? (int)(current * 100 / total) : 0;
+      if (pct == last_pct) return true; // Skip if the value hasn't changed
+      last_pct = pct;
+      return progress_cb(pct);
+    });
+
+  ofs.close();
+
+  if (!res || res->status != 200) {
+    std::filesystem::remove(tmp_path);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Rename after download completes
+  std::filesystem::rename(tmp_path, path);
+  return true;
+}
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Server
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+int main() {
+  httplib::Server svr;
+  // Create the model storage directory
+  auto models_dir = get_models_dir();
+  std::filesystem::create_directories(models_dir);
+
+  // Auto-download the default model if not already present
+  std::string selected_model = MODELS[0].filename;
+  auto path = models_dir / selected_model;
+  if (!std::filesystem::exists(path)) {
+    std::cout << "Downloading " << selected_model << "..." << std::endl;
+    if (!download_model(MODELS[0], [](int pct) {
+          std::cout << "\r" << pct << "%" << std::flush;
+          return true;
+        })) {
+      std::cerr << "\nFailed to download model." << std::endl;
+      return 1;
+    }
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+  }
+  auto llm = llamalib::Llama{path};
+  std::mutex llm_mutex; // Protect access during model switching
+
+  // Set a long timeout since LLM inference takes time (default is 5 seconds)
+  svr.set_read_timeout(300);
+  svr.set_write_timeout(300);
+
+  svr.set_logger([](const auto &req, const auto &res) {
+    std::cout << req.method << " " << req.path << " -> " << res.status
+              << std::endl;
+  });
+
+  svr.Get("/health", [](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response &res) {
+    res.set_content(json{{"status", "ok"}}.dump(), "application/json");
+  });
+
+  // --- Translation endpoint (Chapter 2) ------------------------------------
+
+  svr.Post("/translate",
+           [&](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    auto input = json::parse(req.body, nullptr, false);
+    if (input.is_discarded()) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", "Invalid JSON"}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!input.contains("text") || !input["text"].is_string() ||
+        input["text"].get<std::string>().empty()) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", "'text' is required"}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    auto text = input["text"].get<std::string>();
+    auto target_lang = input.value("target_lang", "ja");
+
+    auto prompt = "Translate the following text to " + target_lang +
+                  ". Output only the translation, nothing else.\n\n" + text;
+
+    try {
+      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(llm_mutex);
+      auto translation = llm.chat(prompt);
+      res.set_content(json{{"translation", translation}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+      res.status = 500;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", e.what()}}.dump(), "application/json");
+    }
+  });
+
+  // --- SSE streaming translation (Chapter 3) -------------------------------
+
+  svr.Post("/translate/stream",
+           [&](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    auto input = json::parse(req.body, nullptr, false);
+    if (input.is_discarded()) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", "Invalid JSON"}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!input.contains("text") || !input["text"].is_string() ||
+        input["text"].get<std::string>().empty()) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", "'text' is required"}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    auto text = input["text"].get<std::string>();
+    auto target_lang = input.value("target_lang", "ja");
+
+    auto prompt = "Translate the following text to " + target_lang +
+                  ". Output only the translation, nothing else.\n\n" + text;
+
+    res.set_chunked_content_provider(
+        "text/event-stream",
+        [&, prompt](size_t, httplib::DataSink &sink) {
+          std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(llm_mutex);
+          try {
+            llm.chat(prompt, [&](std::string_view token) {
+              sink.os << "data: "
+                      << json(std::string(token)).dump(
+                           -1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace)
+                      << "\n\n";
+              return sink.os.good(); // Abort inference on disconnect
+            });
+            sink.os << "data: [DONE]\n\n";
+          } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+            sink.os << "data: " << json({{"error", e.what()}}).dump() << "\n\n";
+          }
+          sink.done();
+          return true;
+        });
+  });
+
+  // --- Model list (Chapter 4) ----------------------------------------------
+
+  svr.Get("/models",
+          [&](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response &res) {
+    auto models_dir = get_models_dir();
+    auto arr = json::array();
+    for (const auto &m : MODELS) {
+      auto path = models_dir / m.filename;
+      arr.push_back({
+        {"name",       m.name},
+        {"params",     m.params},
+        {"size",       m.size},
+        {"downloaded", std::filesystem::exists(path)},
+        {"selected",   m.filename == selected_model},
+      });
+    }
+    res.set_content(json{{"models", arr}}.dump(), "application/json");
+  });
+
+  // --- Model selection (Chapter 4) -----------------------------------------
+
+  svr.Post("/models/select",
+           [&](const httplib::Request &req, httplib::Response &res) {
+    auto input = json::parse(req.body, nullptr, false);
+    if (input.is_discarded() || !input.contains("model")) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", "'model' is required"}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    auto name = input["model"].get<std::string>();
+
+    auto it = std::find_if(MODELS.begin(), MODELS.end(),
+      [&](const ModelInfo &m) { return m.name == name; });
+
+    if (it == MODELS.end()) {
+      res.status = 404;
+      res.set_content(json{{"error", "Unknown model"}}.dump(),
+                      "application/json");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const auto &model = *it;
+
+    // Always respond with SSE (same format whether downloaded or not)
+    res.set_chunked_content_provider(
+        "text/event-stream",
+        [&, model](size_t, httplib::DataSink &sink) {
+          // SSE event sending helper
+          auto send = [&](const json &event) {
+            sink.os << "data: " << event.dump() << "\n\n";
+          };
+
+          // Download if not yet downloaded (report progress via SSE)
+          auto path = get_models_dir() / model.filename;
+          if (!std::filesystem::exists(path)) {
+            bool ok = download_model(model, [&](int pct) {
+              send({{"status", "downloading"}, {"progress", pct}});
+              return sink.os.good(); // Abort download on client disconnect
+            });
+            if (!ok) {
+              send({{"status", "error"}, {"message", "Download failed"}});
+              sink.done();
+              return true;
+            }
+          }
+
+          // Load and switch to the model
+          send({{"status", "loading"}});
+          {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(llm_mutex);
+            llm = llamalib::Llama{path};
+            selected_model = model.filename;
+          }
+
+          send({{"status", "ready"}});
+          sink.done();
+          return true;
+        });
+  });
+
+  // --- Embedded file serving (Chapter 6) ------------------------------------
+  // Chapter 5: svr.set_mount_point("/", "./public");
+  httplib::mount(svr, Web::FS);
+
+  // Start the server on a background thread
+  auto port = svr.bind_to_any_port("127.0.0.1");
+  std::thread server_thread([&]() { svr.listen_after_bind(); });
+
+  std::cout << "Listening on http://127.0.0.1:" << port << std::endl;
+
+  // Display the UI with WebView
+  webview::webview w(false, nullptr);
+  w.set_title("Translate App");
+  w.set_size(1024, 768, WEBVIEW_HINT_NONE);
+  w.navigate("http://127.0.0.1:" + std::to_string(port));
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+  setup_macos_edit_menu();
+#endif
+  w.run(); // Block until the window is closed
+
+  // Stop the server when the window is closed
+  svr.stop();
+  server_thread.join();
+}
+```
+
+</details>
+
+To summarize the changes from Chapter 5:
+
+- `#include <csignal>` replaced with `#include <thread>`, `<cpp-embedlib-httplib.h>`, `"WebAssets.h"`, `"webview/webview.h"`
+- Removed the `signal_handler` function
+- `svr.set_mount_point("/", "./public")` replaced with `httplib::mount(svr, Web::FS)`
+- `svr.listen("127.0.0.1", 8080)` replaced with `bind_to_any_port` + `listen_after_bind` + WebView event loop
+
+Not a single line of handler code has changed. The REST API, SSE streaming, and model management built through Chapter 5 all work as-is.
+
+## 6.6 Building and Testing
+
+```bash
+cmake -B build
+cmake --build build -j
+```
+
+Launch the app:
+
+```bash
+./build/translate-app
+```
+
+No browser is needed. A window opens automatically. The same UI from Chapter 5 appears as-is, and translation and model switching all work just the same.
+
+When you close the window, the server shuts down automatically. There's no need for `Ctrl+C`.
+
+### What Needs to Be Distributed
+
+You only need to distribute:
+
+- The single `translate-app` binary
+
+That's it. You don't need the `public/` directory. HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are embedded in the binary. Model files download automatically on first launch, so there's no need to ask users to prepare anything in advance.
+
+## Next Chapter
+
+Congratulations! 🎉
+
+In Chapter 1, `/health` just returned `{"status":"ok"}`. Now we have a desktop app where you type text and translations stream in real time, pick a different model from a dropdown and it downloads automatically, and closing the window cleanly shuts everything down — all in a single distributable binary.
+
+What we changed in this chapter was just the static file serving and the server startup. Not a single line of handler code changed. The REST API, SSE streaming, and model management we built through Chapter 5 all work as a desktop app, as-is.
+
+In the next chapter, we'll shift perspective and read through the code of llama.cpp's own `llama-server`. Let's compare our simple server with a production-quality one and see what design decisions differ and why.
+
+**Next:** [Reading the llama.cpp Server Source Code](../ch07-code-reading)

docs-src/pages/en/llm-app/ch07-code-reading.md

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+---
+title: "7. Reading the llama.cpp Server Source Code"
+order: 7
+
+---
+
+Over the course of six chapters, we built a translation desktop app from scratch. We have a working product, but it's ultimately a "learning-oriented" implementation. So how does "production-quality" code differ? Let's read the source code of `llama-server`, the official server bundled with llama.cpp, and compare.
+
+`llama-server` is located at `llama.cpp/tools/server/`. It uses the same cpp-httplib, so you can read the code the same way as in the previous chapters.
+
+## 7.1 Source Code Location
+
+```ascii
+llama.cpp/tools/server/
+├── server.cpp           # Main server implementation
+├── httplib.h            # cpp-httplib (bundled version)
+└── ...
+```
+
+The code is contained in a single `server.cpp`. It runs to several thousand lines, but once you understand the structure, you can narrow down the parts worth reading.
+
+## 7.2 OpenAI-Compatible API
+
+The biggest difference between the server we built and `llama-server` is the API design.
+
+**Our API:**
+
+```text
+POST /translate          → {"translation": "..."}
+POST /translate/stream   → SSE: data: "token"
+```
+
+**llama-server's API:**
+
+```text
+POST /v1/chat/completions  → OpenAI-compatible JSON
+POST /v1/completions       → OpenAI-compatible JSON
+POST /v1/embeddings        → Text embedding vectors
+```
+
+`llama-server` conforms to [OpenAI's API specification](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference). This means OpenAI's official client libraries (such as the Python `openai` package) work out of the box.
+
+```python
+# Example of connecting to llama-server with the OpenAI client
+from openai import OpenAI
+client = OpenAI(base_url="http://localhost:8080/v1", api_key="dummy")
+
+response = client.chat.completions.create(
+    model="local-model",
+    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Hello!"}]
+)
+```
+
+Compatibility with existing tools and libraries is a big design decision. We designed a simple translation-specific API, but if you're building a general-purpose server, OpenAI compatibility has become the de facto standard.
+
+## 7.3 Concurrent Request Handling
+
+Our server processes requests one at a time. If another request arrives while a translation is in progress, it waits until the previous inference finishes. This is fine for a desktop app used by one person, but it becomes a problem for a server shared by multiple users.
+
+`llama-server` handles concurrent requests through a mechanism called **slots**.
+
+![llama-server's slot management](../slots.svg#half)
+
+The key point is that tokens from each slot are not inferred **one by one in sequence**, but rather **all at once in a single batch**. GPUs excel at parallel processing, so processing two users simultaneously takes almost the same time as processing one. This is called "continuous batching."
+
+In our server, cpp-httplib's thread pool assigns one thread per request, but the inference itself runs single-threaded inside `llm.chat()`. `llama-server` consolidates this inference step into a shared batch processing loop.
+
+## 7.4 Differences in SSE Format
+
+The streaming mechanism itself is the same (`set_chunked_content_provider` + SSE), but the data format differs.
+
+**Our format:**
+
+```text
+data: "去年の"
+data: "春に"
+data: [DONE]
+```
+
+**llama-server (OpenAI-compatible):**
+
+```text
+data: {"id":"chatcmpl-xxx","object":"chat.completion.chunk","choices":[{"delta":{"content":"去年の"}}]}
+data: {"id":"chatcmpl-xxx","object":"chat.completion.chunk","choices":[{"delta":{"content":"春に"}}]}
+data: [DONE]
+```
+
+Our format simply sends the tokens. Because `llama-server` follows the OpenAI specification, even a single token comes wrapped in JSON. It may look verbose, but it includes useful information for clients, like an `id` to identify the request and a `finish_reason` to indicate why generation stopped.
+
+## 7.5 KV Cache Reuse
+
+In our server, we process the entire prompt from scratch on every request. Our translation app's prompt is short ("Translate the following text to ja..." + input text), so this isn't a problem.
+
+`llama-server` reuses the KV cache for the prefix portion when a request shares a common prompt prefix with a previous request.
+
+![KV cache reuse](../kv-cache.svg#half)
+
+For chatbots that send a long system prompt and few-shot examples with every request, this alone dramatically reduces response time. The difference is night and day: processing several thousand tokens of system prompt every time versus reading them from cache in an instant.
+
+For our translation app, where the system prompt is just a single sentence, the benefit is limited. However, it's an optimization worth keeping in mind when applying this to your own applications.
+
+## 7.6 Structured Output
+
+Since our translation API returns plain text, there was no need to constrain the output format. But what if you want the LLM to respond in JSON?
+
+```text
+Prompt: Analyze the sentiment of the following text and return it as JSON.
+LLM output (expected): {"sentiment": "positive", "score": 0.8}
+LLM output (reality): Here are the results of the sentiment analysis. {"sentiment": ...
+```
+
+LLMs sometimes ignore instructions and add extraneous text. `llama-server` solves this problem with **grammar constraints**.
+
+```bash
+curl http://localhost:8080/v1/chat/completions \
+  -d '{
+    "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": "Analyze sentiment..."}],
+    "json_schema": {
+      "type": "object",
+      "properties": {
+        "sentiment": {"type": "string", "enum": ["positive", "negative", "neutral"]},
+        "score": {"type": "number"}
+      },
+      "required": ["sentiment", "score"]
+    }
+  }'
+```
+
+When you specify `json_schema`, tokens that don't conform to the grammar are excluded during token generation. This guarantees that the output is always valid JSON, so there's no need to worry about `json::parse` failing.
+
+When embedding LLMs into applications, whether you can reliably parse the output directly impacts reliability. Grammar constraints are unnecessary for free-text output like translation, but they're essential for use cases where you need to return structured data as an API response.
+
+## 7.7 Summary
+
+Let's organize the differences we've covered.
+
+| Aspect | Our Server | llama-server |
+|------|-------------|--------------|
+| API design | Translation-specific | OpenAI-compatible |
+| Concurrent requests | Sequential processing | Slots + continuous batching |
+| SSE format | Tokens only | OpenAI-compatible JSON |
+| KV cache | Cleared each time | Prefix reuse |
+| Structured output | None | JSON Schema / grammar constraints |
+| Code size | ~200 lines | Several thousand lines |
+
+Our code is simple because of the assumption that "one person uses it as a desktop app." If you're building a server for multiple users or one that integrates with the existing ecosystem, `llama-server`'s design serves as a valuable reference.
+
+Conversely, even 200 lines of code is enough to make a fully functional translation app. I hope this code reading exercise has also conveyed the value of "building only what you need."
+
+## Next Chapter
+
+In the next chapter, we'll cover the key points for swapping in your own library and customizing the app to make it truly yours.
+
+**Next:** [Making It Your Own](../ch08-customization)

docs-src/pages/en/llm-app/ch08-customization.md

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+---
+title: "8. Making It Your Own"
+order: 8
+
+---
+
+Through Chapter 7, we've built a translation desktop app and studied how production-quality code differs. In this chapter, let's go over the key points for **turning this app into something entirely your own**.
+
+The translation app was just a vehicle. Replace llama.cpp with your own library, and the same architecture works for any application.
+
+## 8.1 Swapping Out the Build Configuration
+
+First, replace the llama.cpp-related `FetchContent` entries in `CMakeLists.txt` with your own library.
+
+```cmake
+# Remove: llama.cpp and cpp-llamalib FetchContent
+
+# Add: your own library
+FetchContent_Declare(my_lib
+    GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/yourname/my-lib
+    GIT_TAG        main
+)
+FetchContent_MakeAvailable(my_lib)
+
+target_link_libraries(my-app PRIVATE
+    httplib::httplib
+    nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json
+    my_lib        # Your library instead of cpp-llamalib
+    # ...
+)
+```
+
+If your library doesn't support CMake, you can place the header and source files directly in `src/` and add them to `add_executable`. Keep cpp-httplib, nlohmann/json, and webview as they are.
+
+## 8.2 Adapting the API to Your Task
+
+Change the translation API's endpoints and parameters to match your task.
+
+| Translation app | Your app (e.g., image processing) |
+|---|---|
+| `POST /translate` | `POST /process` |
+| `{"text": "...", "target_lang": "ja"}` | `{"image": "base64...", "filter": "blur"}` |
+| `POST /translate/stream` | `POST /process/stream` |
+| `GET /models` | `GET /filters` or `GET /presets` |
+
+Then update each handler's implementation. For example, just replace the `llm.chat()` calls with your own library's API.
+
+```cpp
+// Before: LLM translation
+auto translation = llm.chat(prompt);
+res.set_content(json{{"translation", translation}}.dump(), "application/json");
+
+// After: e.g., an image processing library
+auto result = my_lib::process(input_image, options);
+res.set_content(json{{"result", result}}.dump(), "application/json");
+```
+
+The same goes for SSE streaming. If your library has a function that reports progress via a callback, you can use the exact same pattern from Chapter 3 to send incremental responses. SSE isn't limited to LLMs — it's useful for any time-consuming task: image processing progress, data conversion steps, long-running computations.
+
+## 8.3 Design Considerations
+
+### Libraries with Expensive Initialization
+
+In this book, we load the LLM model at the top of `main()` and keep it in a variable. This is intentional. Loading the model on every request would take several seconds, so we load it once at startup and reuse it. If your library has expensive initialization (loading large data files, acquiring GPU resources, etc.), the same approach works well.
+
+### Thread Safety
+
+cpp-httplib processes requests concurrently using a thread pool. In Chapter 4 we protected the `llm` object with a `std::mutex` to prevent crashes during model switching. The same pattern applies when integrating your own library. If your library isn't thread-safe or you need to swap objects at runtime, protect access with a `std::mutex`.
+
+## 8.4 Customizing the UI
+
+Edit the three files in `public/`.
+
+- **`index.html`** — Change the input form layout. Swap `<textarea>` for `<input type="file">`, add parameter fields, etc.
+- **`style.css`** — Adjust the layout and colors. Keep the two-column design or switch to a single column
+- **`script.js`** — Update the `fetch()` target URLs, request bodies, and how responses are displayed
+
+Even without changing any server code, just swapping the HTML makes the app look completely different. Since these are static files, you can iterate quickly — just reload the browser without restarting the server.
+
+This book used plain HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, but combining them with a frontend framework like Vue or React, or a CSS framework, would let you build an even more polished app.
+
+## 8.5 Distribution Considerations
+
+### Licenses
+
+Check the licenses of the libraries you're using. cpp-httplib (MIT), nlohmann/json (MIT), and webview (MIT) all allow commercial use. Don't forget to check the license of your own library and its dependencies too.
+
+### Models and Data Files
+
+The download mechanism we built in Chapter 4 isn't limited to LLM models. If your app needs large data files, the same pattern lets you auto-download them on first launch, keeping the binary small while sparing users the manual setup.
+
+If the data is small, you can embed it directly into the binary with cpp-embedlib.
+
+### Cross-Platform Builds
+
+webview supports macOS, Linux, and Windows. When building for each platform:
+
+- **macOS** — No additional dependencies
+- **Linux** — Requires `libwebkit2gtk-4.1-dev`
+- **Windows** — Requires the WebView2 runtime (pre-installed on Windows 11)
+
+Consider setting up cross-platform builds in CI (e.g., GitHub Actions) too.
+
+## Closing
+
+Thank you so much for reading to the end. 🙏
+
+This book started with `/health` returning `{"status":"ok"}` in Chapter 1. From there we built a REST API, added SSE streaming, downloaded models from Hugging Face, created a browser-based Web UI, and packaged it all into a single-binary desktop app. In Chapter 7 we read through `llama-server`'s code and learned how production-quality servers differ in their design. It's been quite a journey, and I'm truly grateful you stuck with it all the way through.
+
+Looking back, we used several key cpp-httplib features hands-on:
+
+- **Server**: routing, JSON responses, SSE streaming with `set_chunked_content_provider`, static file serving with `set_mount_point`
+- **Client**: HTTPS connections, redirect following, large downloads with content receivers, progress callbacks
+- **WebView integration**: `bind_to_any_port` + `listen_after_bind` for background threading
+
+cpp-httplib offers many more features beyond what we covered here, including multipart file uploads, authentication, timeout control, compression, and range requests. See [A Tour of cpp-httplib](../../tour/) for details.
+
+These patterns aren't limited to a translation app. If you want to add a web API to your C++ library, give it a browser UI, or ship it as an easy-to-distribute desktop app — I hope this book serves as a useful reference.
+
+Take your own library, build your own app, and have fun with it. Happy hacking! 🚀

docs-src/pages/en/llm-app/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+---
+title: "Building a Desktop LLM App with cpp-httplib"
+order: 0
+
+---
+
+Have you ever wanted to add a web API to your own C++ library, or quickly build an Electron-like desktop app? In Rust you might reach for "Tauri + axum," but in C++ it always seemed out of reach.
+
+With [cpp-httplib](https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib), [webview/webview](https://github.com/webview/webview), and [cpp-embedlib](https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-embedlib), you can take the same approach in pure C++ — and produce a small, easy-to-distribute single binary.
+
+In this tutorial we build an LLM-powered translation app using [llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp), progressing step by step from "REST API" to "SSE streaming" to "Web UI" to "desktop app." Translation is just the vehicle — replace llama.cpp with your own library and the same architecture works for any application.
+
+![Desktop App](app.png#large-center)
+
+If you know basic C++17 and understand the basics of HTTP / REST APIs, you're ready to start.
+
+## Chapters
+
+1. **[Set up the project](ch01-setup)** — Fetch dependencies, configure the build, write scaffold code
+2. **[Embed llama.cpp and create a REST API](ch02-rest-api)** — Return translation results as JSON
+3. **[Add token streaming with SSE](ch03-sse-streaming)** — Stream responses token by token
+4. **[Add model discovery and management](ch04-model-management)** — Download and switch models from Hugging Face
+5. **[Add a Web UI](ch05-web-ui)** — A browser-based translation interface
+6. **[Turn it into a desktop app with WebView](ch06-desktop-app)** — A single-binary desktop application
+7. **[Reading the llama.cpp server source code](ch07-code-reading)** — Compare with production-quality code
+8. **[Making it your own](ch08-customization)** — Swap in your own library and customize

docs-src/pages/en/llm-app/kv-cache.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 426 160" font-family="system-ui, sans-serif" font-size="14">
+  <rect x="0" y="0" width="426" height="160" rx="8" fill="#f5f3ef"/>
+
+  <defs>
+    <marker id="arrowhead" markerWidth="7" markerHeight="5" refX="7" refY="2.5" orient="auto">
+      <polygon points="0,0 7,2.5 0,5" fill="#198754"/>
+    </marker>
+  </defs>
+
+  <!-- request 1 (y=16) -->
+  <text x="94" y="35" fill="#333" font-weight="bold" text-anchor="end">Request 1:</text>
+  <rect x="106" y="16" width="138" height="30" rx="4" fill="#d1e7dd" stroke="#198754" stroke-width="1"/>
+  <text x="175" y="36" fill="#333" text-anchor="middle">System prompt</text>
+  <text x="256" y="36" fill="#333" text-anchor="middle">+</text>
+  <rect x="270" y="16" width="138" height="30" rx="4" fill="#cfe2ff" stroke="#0d6efd" stroke-width="1"/>
+  <text x="339" y="36" fill="#333" text-anchor="middle">User question A</text>
+
+  <!-- annotation: cache save -->
+  <text x="175" y="64" fill="#198754" font-size="11" text-anchor="middle">Saved to KV cache</text>
+
+  <!-- arrow -->
+  <line x1="175" y1="70" x2="175" y2="90" stroke="#198754" stroke-width="1.2" marker-end="url(#arrowhead)"/>
+  <text x="188" y="85" fill="#198754" font-size="11">Reuse</text>
+
+  <!-- request 2 (y=96) -->
+  <text x="94" y="115" fill="#333" font-weight="bold" text-anchor="end">Request 2:</text>
+  <rect x="106" y="96" width="138" height="30" rx="4" fill="#d1e7dd" stroke="#198754" stroke-width="1" stroke-dasharray="6,3"/>
+  <text x="175" y="116" fill="#333" text-anchor="middle">System prompt</text>
+  <text x="256" y="116" fill="#333" text-anchor="middle">+</text>
+  <rect x="270" y="96" width="138" height="30" rx="4" fill="#cfe2ff" stroke="#0d6efd" stroke-width="1"/>
+  <text x="339" y="116" fill="#333" text-anchor="middle">User question B</text>
+
+  <!-- bottom labels -->
+  <text x="175" y="144" fill="#198754" font-size="11" text-anchor="middle">No recomputation</text>
+  <text x="339" y="144" fill="#0d6efd" font-size="11" text-anchor="middle">Only this is computed</text>
+</svg>

docs-src/pages/en/llm-app/slots.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 440 240" font-family="system-ui, sans-serif" font-size="14">
+  <!-- outer box -->
+  <rect x="0" y="0" width="440" height="240" rx="8" fill="#f5f3ef"/>
+  <text x="20" y="28" font-weight="bold" font-size="16" fill="#333">llama-server</text>
+
+  <!-- slot 0 -->
+  <rect x="20" y="46" width="400" height="32" rx="4" fill="#d1e7dd" stroke="#198754" stroke-width="1"/>
+  <text x="32" y="67" fill="#333">Slot 0: User A's request</text>
+
+  <!-- slot 1 -->
+  <rect x="20" y="86" width="400" height="32" rx="4" fill="#d1e7dd" stroke="#198754" stroke-width="1"/>
+  <text x="32" y="107" fill="#333">Slot 1: User B's request</text>
+
+  <!-- slot 2 -->
+  <rect x="20" y="126" width="400" height="32" rx="4" fill="#e9ecef" stroke="#adb5bd" stroke-width="1"/>
+  <text x="32" y="147" fill="#999">Slot 2: (idle)</text>
+
+  <!-- slot 3 -->
+  <rect x="20" y="166" width="400" height="32" rx="4" fill="#e9ecef" stroke="#adb5bd" stroke-width="1"/>
+  <text x="32" y="187" fill="#999">Slot 3: (idle)</text>
+
+  <!-- arrow + label -->
+  <text x="20" y="224" fill="#333" font-size="13">→ Active slots are inferred together in a single batch</text>
+</svg>

docs-src/pages/en/tour/01-getting-started.md

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+---
+title: "Getting Started"
+order: 1
+---
+
+All you need to get started with cpp-httplib is `httplib.h` and a C++ compiler. Let's download the file and get a Hello World server running.
+
+## Getting httplib.h
+
+You can download it directly from GitHub. Always use the latest version.
+
+```sh
+curl -LO https://github.com/yhirose/cpp-httplib/raw/refs/tags/latest/httplib.h
+```
+
+Place the downloaded `httplib.h` in your project directory and you're good to go.
+
+## Setting Up Your Compiler
+
+| OS | Development Environment | Setup |
+| -- | ----------------------- | ----- |
+| macOS | Apple Clang | Xcode Command Line Tools (`xcode-select --install`) |
+| Ubuntu | clang++ or g++ | `apt install clang` or `apt install g++` |
+| Windows | MSVC | Visual Studio 2022 or later (install with C++ components) |
+
+## Hello World Server
+
+Save the following code as `server.cpp`.
+
+```cpp
+#include "httplib.h"
+
+int main() {
+    httplib::Server svr;
+
+    svr.Get("/", [](const httplib::Request&, httplib::Response& res) {
+        res.set_content("Hello, World!", "text/plain");
+    });
+
+    svr.listen("0.0.0.0", 8080);
+}
+```
+
+In just a few lines, you have a server that responds to HTTP requests.
+
+## Compiling and Running
+
+The sample code in this tutorial is written in C++17 for cleaner, more concise code. cpp-httplib itself can compile with C++11 as well.
+
+```sh
+# macOS
+clang++ -std=c++17 -o server server.cpp
+
+# Linux
+# `-pthread`: cpp-httplib uses threads internally
+clang++ -std=c++17 -pthread -o server server.cpp
+
+# Windows (Developer Command Prompt)
+# `/EHsc`: Enable C++ exception handling
+cl /EHsc /std:c++17 server.cpp
+```
+
+Once it compiles, run it.
+
+```sh
+# macOS / Linux
+./server
+
+# Windows
+server.exe
+```
+
+Open `http://localhost:8080` in your browser. If you see "Hello, World!", you're all set.
+
+You can also verify with `curl`.
+
+```sh
+curl http://localhost:8080/
+# Hello, World!
+```
+
+To stop the server, press `Ctrl+C` in your terminal.
+
+## Next Steps
+
+Now you know the basics of running a server. Next, let's look at the client side. cpp-httplib also comes with HTTP client functionality.
+
+**Next:** [Basic Client](../02-basic-client)