UrlPathHelper is often created and used without customizations or with
the same customizations. This commit introduces re-usable, instances.
Effectively a backport of commit 23233c.
Closes gh-25690
Prior to this commit, StaticListableBeanFactory.isSingleton() returned
false for singleton beans unless they were created by a FactoryBean.
StaticListableBeanFactory.isSingleton() now properly returns true for
all beans not created by a FactoryBean.
Closes gh-25522
According to the Javadoc for ServletRequest's getServerName() method,
when the `Host` header is set, the server name is "the value of the
part before ':' in the Host header value ...". For a value representing
an IPV6 address such as `[::ffff:abcd:abcd]`, the enclosing square
brackets should therefore not be stripped from the enclosed IPV6
address.
However, the changes made in conjunction with gh-16704 introduced a
regression in Spring Framework 4.1 for the getServerName() method in
MockHttpServletRequest by stripping the enclosing brackets from the
IPV6 address in the `Host` header. Similarly, the changes made in
conjunction with gh-20686 introduced a regression in Spring Framework
4.3.13 and 5.0.2 in the getRequestURL() method in
MockHttpServletRequest by delegating to the getServerName() method
which strips the enclosing brackets.
This commit fixes the implementation of getServerName() so that the
enclosing brackets are no longer stripped from an IPV6 address in the
`Host` header. The implementation of getRequestURL() is therefore also
fixed.
In addition, in order to avoid a NullPointerException, the
implementations of getServerName() and getServerPort() now assert that
an IPV6 address present in the `Host` header correctly contains an
opening and closing bracket and throw an IllegalStateException if that
is not the case.
Closes gh-24916
This commit disables warnings for annotation processing in spring-test
in order to get the build passing again after it mysteriously started
failing in 2020.
Prior to this commit, the schemaZip Gradle task failed to find Spring
schema files on MS Windows due to path separators hard coded to forward
slashes that are not compatible with the Windows operating system.
Consequently, a full build failed on Windows since the distZip task was
not able to locate the zipped schema archive that the schemaZip task
failed to create.
This commit fixes this by updating the schemaZip task to search for
schema files using backslashes as well as forward slashes.
Closes gh-23933
Prior to this commit, there was some ambiguity surrounding semantics
for @Autowired constructors and `required = true`, especially for
multiple @Autowired constructors.
This commit improves the documentation in the Javadoc for @Autowired as
well as in the reference manual.
Closes gh-23263
Prior to this commit, if the user configured an empty path for the
targetRequestPath property of a FlashMap, the FlashMapManager threw a
StringIndexOutOfBoundsException when saving the output FlashMap for the
next request.
This commit fixes this by skipping the decoding and normalization of an
empty target request path.
Fixes gh-23240
Prior to this commit, if a @ControllerAdvice bean implemented both
RequestBodyAdvice and ResponseBodyAdvice, it was registered twice in
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter, leading to duplicate application of the
same logic.
This commit ensures that such instances are only registered once.
Fixes gh-22638
Prior to this commit, if a @ControllerAdvice bean implemented both
RequestBodyAdvice and ResponseBodyAdvice, it was only supported as
RequestBodyAdvice, meaning it was never invoked as ResponseBodyAdvice.
This commit revises RequestResponseBodyAdviceChain to ensure that a
single bean implementing both types of body advice is in fact handled
as both types of advice.
See gh-22638
This commit updates Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder in order
to ensure that modules specified via modulesToInstall
eventually override the default ones.
Closes gh-22624
Prior to this commit, the various `HttpMessageConverter` instances
configured for a given `RestTemplate` instance could all contribute
`MediaType` values to the "Accept:" request header.
This could lead to duplicate media types in that request header,
cluttering for the HTTP request for no reason.
This commit ensures that only distinct values are added to the request.
Issue: SPR-16690
Closes gh-22320
Closes gh-21231
The xml parser does not fill in defaults provided in the XSD when
validation is disabled. As a result, attributes like default-lazy-init
will not receive the value "default" but an empty string.
With this commit, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate now takes this into
account, checking default values against empty string as well as
"default".
As a consequence, default-lazy-init attribute should now work correctly
even when the XSD validation is disabled.
Issue: SPR-8335
Prior to this commit, the `ResourceUrlEncodingFilter` would wrap the
response and keep a reference to the request. When
`HttpServletResponse.encodeURL` is later called during view rendering,
the filter looks at the request and extracts context mapping information
in order to resolve resource paths in views.
This approach is flawed, when the filter is used with JSPs - if the
request is forwarded to the container by the `InternalResourceView`,
the request information is overwritten by the container. When the view
is being rendered, the information available in the request is outdated
and does not allow to correctly compute that context mapping
information.
This commit ensures that that information is being extracted from the
request as soon as the `ResourceUrlProvider` is set as a request
attribute.
Issue: SPR-17421
(Cherry-picked from cf25efc7d3)
The fix for SPR-17178 switched from debug to warn level warning for
all sub-classes of AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver where the request
concerned the DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver only.
This commit restores the original DEBUG level logging that was in
AbstractHandlerExceptionResolver from before SPR-17178. In addition
DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver registers a warnLogCategory by default
which enables warn logging and hence fulfilling the original goal
for SPR-17178.
Issue: SPR-17383
Keep supporting legacy usage of Iterator.remove on getBeanPostProcessors result List in AbstractBeanFactoryBasedTargetSourceCreator and ScriptFactoryPostProcessor (and similarly designed integrations).
Issue: SPR-17286
Declaring beanPostProcessors (and also embeddedValueResolvers) as CopyOnWriteArrayList prevents ConcurrentModificationExceptions in case of concurrent registration/access attempts.
Issue: SPR-17286
Includes an efficient implementation of isEmpty(), not relying on a full entry count but rather backing out once a non-empty hash segment has been found.
Issue: SPR-16994
Includes a clarification of ThreadPoolExecutor configuration options and a note on early AsyncConfigurer initialization.
Issue: SPR-16944
Issue: SPR-16945
(cherry picked from commit d58c09b)
(cherry picked from commit 5a11112)
This commit restricts the allowed HTTP methods on HiddenHttpMethodFilter
(Servlet variant) to the following: PUT, DELETE, PATCH.
This filter is meant to be used to simulate those methods from HTML
forms sent by browsers, so no other methods are allowed.
Issue: SPR-16836
(Cherry-picked from f64fa3dea1)
Rather than create a new EvaluationContext instance per evaluation, we
now create a statically shared instance, without the root object in it,
and re-use it for all evalutations.
With this change the code generation for method and property
references is modified to include branching logic in the
case of null safe dereferencing (?.). This is complicated
by the possible usage of primitives on the left hand side
of the dereference. To cope with this case primitives are
promoted to boxed types when this situation occurs enabling
null to be passed as a possible result.
Issue: SPR-16489
In particular AnnotationTypeFilter's ignoring of standard Java interfaces, AnnotationUtils.clearCache() and a few extra common classes in ClassUtils.
Issue: SPR-16667
Issue: SPR-16675
In my opinion, we should parse ":{x}" style parameter as "x" is parameter using "NamedParameterUtils.parseSqlStatement",
so the condition "j - i > 2" is the correct condition, not "j - i > 3", because if "i" is the index of
":" in ":{x}", and "j" is the index of "}" in ":{x}", "j - i == 3" is true.
Also add a test case for SPR-16663.
(cherry picked from commit 82cb5db)
The prevailing current wisdom is to use the default constructor for
secure and let it pick the best algorithm for the OS.
On Java 8 (Oracle), Linux this results in "NativePRNG" which uses
/dev/random (potentially blocking) for the initial seed, and
/dev/urandom (non-blocking) for subsequent calls to nextInt.
Issue: SPR-16635
This commit picks up where SPR-14498 left off by adding support for an
explicit target type when using JsonPath to perform an assertion against
the response content using a Hamcrest Matcher.
Specifically, there is a new overloaded value(Matcher<T>, Class<T>)
method in JsonPathResultMatchers for use with Hamcrest matchers where
the target type (i.e., Class<T>) can be specified.
Issue: SPR-16587
Prior to this commit, the `HttpEntityMethodProcessor` would check HTTP
conditions on non-safe requests (i.e. not GET/HEAD). This would prevent
Controllers from returning `ResponseEntity` containing response headers
with updated values of `"Last-Modified"` or `ETag` once the resource has
been updated.
This commit avoids those checks for non GET/HEAD requests - this code
can still be leveraged from Controllers themselves using
`ServletWebRequest::checkNotModified` methods.
Issue: SPR-15780
(cherry picked from ed7684d2b2)
Includes related polishing in core.metadata and datasource.embedded and a revision of the corresponding database definitions in sql-error-codes.
Issue: SPR-16558
(cherry picked from commit 82515a3)
This commit makes sure that no `StringIndexOutOfBoundsException` is
thrown when `getForRequestUrl` is called with a URL that's shorter than
the expected context path.
Issue: SPR-16526
(cherry picked from commit 6d26e61ac7)
As of 4.3.13 MappingJackson2MessageConverter uses the MethodParameter
hint to obtain generic type information but it needs to be careful, and
nest one level, if the target parameter type has a Message wrapper.
Issue: SPR-16486
The resolved URI instance is also being cached now. This should not make a difference in a real Servlet environment but does affect tests which assumed they could modify an HttpServletRequest path behind a pre-created ServletServerHttpRequest instance. Our WebSocket test base class has been revised accordingly, re-creating the ServletServerHttpRequest in such a case.
Issue: SPR-16414
(cherry picked from commit 0e6f8df)
Previously MockHttpServletRequestBuilder calculated the pathInfo from the
provided URL without decoding the value. This meant that the pathInfo
incorrectly included URL encoded values.
Now MockHttpServletRequestBuilder properly decodes the pathInfo.
Backport of #0cd427bdd35e668dda6332ae2885d94c222d9c49.
Fixes: SPR-16453
After this commit DefaultUserDestinationResolves no longer looks at
whether AntPathMatcher is configured with "." as separator and rather
expects to be explicitly told whether to keep the leading slash in
translated destinations which actually depends on what the message
broker supports (e.g. RabbitMQ "/", Artemis ".") or how it is
configured (simple broker could be either way).
There is also a minor improvement in SimpMessagingTemplate to ensure
user destinations are correctly formed based on what the
DefaultUserDestinationResolver expects. When using "." as separtor it
allows sending messages to "queue.q1" rather than "/queue.q1".
Issue: SPR-16275
As of EclipseLink 2.4.0 - Juno this is not sufficient to log
SQL parameter binding. Additionally,
eclipselink.logging.parameters must be enabled.
Issue: SPR-16383
(cherry picked from commit 823a16c)
After this commit, AbstractSockJsService uses the configured allowed
origins when generating the CorsConfiguration instead of "*".
As a consequence, forbidden origin requests still result in a 403
response but now with no CORS headers in order to improve consistency
between the status code and the headers.
Issue: SPR-16304
This commit refines forwarded protocol support in order to support
proxies that only set "X-Forwarded-Proto" header and not
"X-Forwarded-Port" by performing a reset of the port in such case.
"Forwarded" header support has been updated accordingly since it
also supports similar use case, as described in SPR-15504.
Issue: SPR-16262
Provide a fully mutable HttpHeaders to ClientHttpRequestInterceptors
of a RestTemplate when headers are set using HttpEntity. This avoids
UnsupportedOperationException if both HttpEntity and
ClientHttpRequestInterceptor add values for the same HTTP header.
Issue: SPR-15066
With the recent charset mechanism in place, we cannot rely on implicit placeholder parsing during String-to-Resource conversion anymore.
(cherry picked from commit 7af9910)
Includes consistent getDateHeader results in both MockHttpServletResponse variants (spring-test and spring-web)
Issue: SPR-16160
(cherry picked from commit 80a0cf7)
Also, ChannelRegistration.setInterceptors is deprecated now: in favor of a fluently named interceptors(...) method which is documented to add the given interceptors to the channel's current list.
Issue: SPR-15962
Issue: SPR-15976
(cherry picked from commit ac9cfef)
This commit makes sure that any custom MessageConverter set in a
JmsTemplate used by a JmsMessagingTemplate is reused as the payload
converter of the message.
Issue: SPR-15965
(cherry picked from commit b275a06)
Re-arrange the checks so that if there is no form parameter, then
immediately and unconditionally delegate to super.getParameterValues().
Or reversely if there is no super.getParameterValues() then return the
form parameter.
So the only remaining case is when combining values present in both.
In that case we'll take both only if a queryString exists.
One extra fix is to not even wrap the request if we did not parse any
form parameters at all which can happen with HttpHiddenMethodFilter.
Issue: SPR-15828, 15835
The method was orginally added under SPR-14547 but the example in it
was probably intended for use with Content-Disposition server response
header (file download) and not for a Content-Disposition header
within the body of a multipart request.
In a Spring application a multipart request is typically serialized
by the FormHttpMessageConverter and hence the Content-Disposition is
not explicitly set by the application.
This commit adds the port information in the "Host" HTTP request header
for the Netty-based HTTP client.
Issue: SPR-15706
(cherry-picked from commit baaa84e90)
Prior to this commit, resolving resources from webjars using the
`WebJarAssetLocator.getFullPath` could lead to multiple candidates,
since this method is trying to find *any* resource matching that path
under the given webjar location.
This commit replaces that call with
`WebJarAssetLocator.getFullPathExact`, which avoids those multiple
matches and only resolves resources if the given path is exact.
Issue: SPR-15526
Prior to this commit, the AbstractFlashMapManager has used the
originating URI but the query string of the forwarded request. That
resulted to FlashMap not being matched even when both originating
URI and query string matched the FlashMap attributes. The originating
query string is now used to match the forwarded request.
Issue: SPR-15505
In the 4.3.x line, conversion exceptions do not get wrapped as RestClientException yet, so the expectation remains to receive a HttpMessageNotReadableException for conversion-level IOExceptions.
Issue: SPR-13592
Change the `StringHttpMessageConverter` to defer calling
Charset.availableCharsets() until absolutely necessary to help improve
startup times.
Issue: SPR-15502
Previously a requestURI that contained ';' would have the value incorrectly stripped out when using
ForwardedHeaderFilter.
This commit ensures that the ';' is preserved when using ForwardedHeaderFilter.
Issue: SPR-15428
Previously ForwardedHeaderFilter would override the requestURI with a URL decoded value. This would cause
problems when using a URL encoded requestURI since downstream Filters would not see the URL encoded
value as they should.
This commit resolves this issue by ensuring that the requestURI is properly encoded.
Issues SPR-15422
Previously ForwardedHeaderFilter would return the same StringBuffer for every invocation. This
meant that users that modified the StringBuffer changed the state of the HttpServletRequest.
This commit ensures that a new StringBuffer is always returned for ForwardedHeaderFilter.
Issue: SPR-15423
Prior to this commit, the `VersionResourceResolver` implementation of
`resolveUrlPathInternal` would delegate to the resolver chain but would
never use the give result if the current request didn't match a
configured version strategy pattern.
This is a problem if the resolver supposed to resolve the resource path
is configured after a `VersionResourceResolver` in the resolver chain;
this means that other resolver never gets to participate in the result
of the chain.
Issue: SPR-15372
(cherry picked from commit fdd5031)
This commit improves `AbstractValueAdaptingCache` to throw a dedicated
exception if `allowNullValues` is `false` and a `null` value is provided
anyway. This avoid a lower-level exception from the cache library that
will miss some context.
Issue: SPR-15173
Prior to this commit, the `ShallowEtagHeaderFilter` could participate in
the response and set its ETag/Content-Length headers, even for HEAD
requests. Since the response body is empty, the filter implementation
would set a `"Content-Length: 0"`.
The RFC states that responses to HEAD requests should exhibit identical
response headers to GET (with the possible exception of payload related
headers such as Content-Length.
With this commit, `ShallowEtagHeaderFilter` now ignores HEAD requests
since the proper values may be set already for payload related headers
by the handler. The filter has no way to generate a proper ETag value
nor calculate the content length without the actual body.
Issue: SPR-15261
(cherry picked from commit b732251)
Without this fix the compiled version of elvis
actual behaved differently to the interpreted version
if the value being queried was an empty string. This
is now fixed. It also now correctly handles the
query value being a primitive and addresses the
findings of SPR-15192 where some type inferencing
logic was trying to be too clever, that code has
been deleted.
Issue: SPR-15192
(cherry picked from commit d41d28f)
This commit checks that a "Content-Length" request header isn't already
present before adding one in `Netty4ClientHttpRequestFactory`.
`HttpMessageConverter` implementations can write that request header so
the Netty request factory should only write that value when the header
is missing.
If that header is not written (and since we're not dealing with
the HTTP exchange in a chunked-based fashion), the HTTP client might not
send the request body at all.
Issue: SPR-15241
This commit makes sure that the `ErrorHandler` is invoked if the cache
fails to put an element (be it in the main cache or the exception cache).
See gh-1292
Issue: SPR-15188
This commit *adds* the "intercepted" headers to the ClientHttpRequest,
as opposed to replacing them, which is what happened before this commit.
Issue: SPR-15166
This commit ensures that verifying a request, which includes finding
and updating expectations, is done synchronously to avoid concurrent
modification exceptions.
Technically SimpleRequestExpectationManager is not even expected to see
concurrent requests by definition but with
UnorderedRequestExpectationManager it can happen.
Issue: SPR-15029
This commit changes the `Bootstrap` to create a SSL Handler with
advisory peer information; this enables support for SNI.
Issue: SPR-15101
(cherry picked from commit 0c99346)
Codacy warns us that there are several references to Boolean
constructors in the tests. Direct usage of the Boolean constructor is
discouraged and even deprecated in Java 9 [1]. Boolean constructor use
can easily be replaced with the constant instances.
This commit contains the following changes:
- replace references to Boolean constructors with boolean constants in
JSP tag tests
- update the copyright year where necessary
- BooleanComparatorTests is intentionally left unchanged as it should
also work with the non-constant instances correctly
[1] http://download.java.net/java/jdk9/docs/api/java/lang/Boolean.html#Boolean-boolean-
Issue: SPR-15076
Codacy warns about an Error Prone [1] use of the double constructor of
BigDecimal in tests. The reason given is that it is a source of
precision loss if the number does not have an exact double
representation. The recommendation is to use the String constructor of
BigDecimal instead as it does not require using a lossy argument.
This commit contains the following changes:
- replace usage of the double constructor of BigDecimal with the
String constructor of BigDecimal in JdbcTemplateQueryTests
- update the copyright year
[1] http://errorprone.info/bugpattern/BigDecimalLiteralDouble
Issue: SPR-15077
ScriptUtils contains two calls to String#toCharArray for the sole
purpose to iterating over all chars in a String. Not only is this
unnecessary and can be replaced with String#charAt it also causes
additional allocator and heap pressure because String#toCharArray
rather than returning the backing array (which is gone in Java 9)
creates a copy.
This commit contains the following changes:
- remove String#toCharArray from ScriptUtils and replace with
String#charAt
Issue: SPR-15075
Prior to this commit, the `ResourceRegionHttpMessageConverter` would
rely on the default implementation of `getDefaultContentType` to guess
the default Content-Type of the resource region to be written to the
HTTP response. That implementation fetches the first media type
provided in the HTTP request "Accept" header.
This behavior is not correct when converting resources and this commits
aligns this converter with the `ResourceHttpMessageConverter` which uses
JAF to guess the correct Content-Type of the given resource, or just
returns "application/octet-stream" as a default value.
Issue: SPR-15041
This commit also migrates from a WeakHashMap to a ConcurrentReferenceHashMap, allowing for concurrent access to existing cache entries.
Issue: SPR-15006
(cherry picked from commit b825528)
Previously ForwrdedHeaderFilter did not ensure that
HttpServletResponse.sendRedirect worked properly based on
X-Forwarded-* headers.
This commit updates ForwardedHeaderFilter to overrided the
HttpServletResponse.sendRedirect method to ensure
X-Forwarded-* headers are honored.
Issue SPR-15020
This commit makes it possible for a ChannelInterceptor to override the
user header in a Spring Message that contains a STOMP CONNECT frame.
After the message is sent, the updated user header is observed and
saved to be associated with session thereafter.
Issue: SPR-14690
When getting the lookup path of a resource, both query params and hashes
should be removed from the request path.
This commit fixes the public path resolution for paths like
`/resources/main.svg#icon-hamburgermenu`.
Issue: SPR-14928
Prior to this commit, `@ExceptionHandler` methods could not be injected
with `RedirectAttributes` arguments. This would make it impossible to
handle an error by redirecting to another view and add flashmap
attributes, to be included in the model when the next view is called.
Here is an example:
```
@ExceptionHandler(MyException.class)
public String handleException(MyException ex, RedirectAttributes
redirectAttributes) {
redirectAttributes.addFlashAttribute("errorMessage",
"This is an error message");
return "redirect:/";
}
```
This commit adds a new `RedirectAttributesMethodArgumentResolver`
instance in the list of pre-configured `HandlerMethodArgumentResolver`
in `ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver`.
Issue: SPR-14651
Cherry-picked from: 17089d6
Due to a few changes in `WebSocketServerFactory` and `Session` API, our
`JettyRequestUpgradeStrategy` and `JettyWebSocketSession` needed to
adapt. As of 9.3.15+ and 9.4.0+, some reflection is required to support
previous versions.
Spring 4.3 websocket officially supports Jetty 9.1 to 9.3.
Issue: SPR-14940
Due to a few changes in `WebSocketServerFactory` and `Session` API, our
`JettyRequestUpgradeStrategy` and `JettyWebSocketSession` needed to
adapt. As of 9.3.15+ and 9.4.0+, some reflection is required to support
previous versions.
Spring 4.3 officially supports Jetty 9.1 to 9.3.
Issue: SPR-14940
This commit ensures that POST/PUT requests sent by the Netty client have
a Content-Length header set.
Integration tests have been refactored to use mockwebserver instead of
Jetty and have been parameterized to run on all available supported
clients.
Issue: SPR-14860
Cherry-picked from: ec8391a7fb
* getBeanDefinitionNames defensively returns a copy of the bean definition names array.
* copyConfigurationFrom provides an independent AutowireCandidateResolver instance and copies a ConversionService and dependency comparator configuration as well.
* findAutowireCandidates only considers a self reference fallback for direct dependency declarations, not as a collection element.
Issue: SPR-14897
Issue: SPR-14921
Issue: SPR-14965
(cherry picked from commit ac5933a)
In case the filter is also registered to the ERROR dispatcher, the
following happens:
* the filter is executed once for the regular execution
* the filter should be executed a second time when dispatched to error
Since the filter is a `OncePerRequestFilter`, the filter is only
executed once and won't be executed when handling the error.
This can lead to situations like spring-projects/spring-boot#7348
This commit makes this filter a simple `GenericFilterBean`.
Issue: SPR-14891
When processing a "close" notification from the server make an effort
to cancel any outstanding heartbeat but avoid going as far as acquiring
the responseLock since the server itself may already hold a lock of its
own leading to a potential deadlock.
The heartbeat task is now also further protected with an isClosed()
check in case the heartbeat does not get cancelled in a concurrent
scenario.
Issue: SPR-14917
This commits adds a validation check whether the SockJS session type
matches the transport type and rejects requests for which they
don't match.
Issue: SPR-14867
For SPR-14863 we need to adjust the code generation for OpNE
to use !x.equals(y) rather than x!=y. There are also further
cases in the equalityCheck() code in Operator that were not
being handled in the compilation case (when comparators are
used for example). This latter issue also affects OpEQ.
Rather than add yet more bytecode generation, both OpNE and
OpEQ generateCode() methods have been simplified. The
generated code now delegates to equalityCheck() in Operator
which is exactly what the interpreted case does.
This ensures that the compiled code continues to behave just
like the interpreted case. It ensures changes to the interpreted
case are automatically picked up for the compiled case. It
makes the bytecode generation simpler.
The benefit of compilation of SpEL expressions is to avoid
slow reflective calls - that doesn't apply for a basic
(in)equality test so there is no need to go crazy in bytecode
gen.
Issue: SPR-14863
(cherry picked from commit 9000acd)
This commit aborts the HttpComponentsAsyncClientHttpRequest whenever the
returned Future is canceled.
Issue: SPR-14845
(cherry picked from commit 8f84446)
This commit introduces the `DispatcherServletCustomizer` callback
interface that can be used to customize the `DispatcherServlet` that a
`MockMvc` is using.
Previously, only the `dispatchOptions` flag can be customized. This
commit allows to customize any property of `DispatcherServlet` before it
is initialized.
Issue: SPR-14277
This commit further refines 240f254 to also support java.util.Optional
for synchronized cache access (i.e. when the `sync` attribute on
`@Cacheable` is set to `true`).
Issue: SPR-14853
This commit makes sure that the `unregister` order of registered
application contexts has no incidence on the removal of the LiveBeansView
MBean.
Rather than using the last application context's name to compute the
identity of the MBean to remove, the identity is stored when the MBean is
created.
This commit also adds missing tests.
Issue: SPR-14848
Before this change the getHttpEntityType method in
HttpEntityMethodProcessor raised an ISE if the generic type cannot be
detected. That made sense for resolving a controller method argument
where the target body type is crucial. However for a return value
the generic type should not be required since we either have an
actual body or no body at all in which case it doesn't even matter.
This change relaxes the checks and defaults to Object.class for the
ResponseEntity generic type on the return value side.
Issue: SPR-14799
This commit fixes `NumberFormatException`s that were thrown when parsing
IPv6 host values in `X-Forwarded-Host` request headers.
Issue: SPR-14761
(cherry picked from ea5ff87f8e)
This commit configures a default SslContext if none has been provided.
This also enforces separate Netty bootstrap instances for cleartext and
TLS exchanges.
Issue: SPR-14744
(cherry picked from 53441f8)
Prior to this commit, the `HttpEntityMethodProcessor` would avoid
writing ETag/Last-Modified response headers before calling
`ServletWebRequest` to process conditional requests. This was done to
avoid duplicate response header values due to headers being already
written to the underlying servlet response.
This is still necessary for GET/HEAD requests, since this is properly
handled by `ServletWebRequest` for those cases. But
`HttpEntityMethodProcessor` should not make that decision for
PUT/PATCH/POST responses since developers are adding response headers on
purpose and should be in control of the situation — whereas
`ServletWebRequest` does not write those headers in those cases.
Issue: SPR-14767
Cherry-picked from: ee17f5662
Resetting the connection first before invoking a failure callback on
the application handler ensures that any checks to isConnected will
return false.
Issue: SPR-14721
In order to simplify configuration for use cases involving @Bean where
only a bean name or aliases are supplied as an attribute, this commit
introduces a new 'value' attribute that is an @AliasFor 'name' in @Bean.
Issue: SPR-14728
(cherry picked from commit 8f62b63)
This commit overrides the `checkResource` implementation in
`ScriptTemplateView` in order to check if the template file resource is
available and if the resolver can then proceed with rendering the
template.
Issue: SPR-14729
Cherry-picked from: 97c9b05c15
Improve RootBeanDefinition to specify an AnnotatedElement that holds
qualifier information. When such element is present, any qualifier that
it defines will be used to find a matching candidate.
Issue: SPR-14725
(cherry picked from commit 2b0bf9f)
Rather than setting the status to 503 directly from the timeout
interceptor which no longer seems to work reliably with Servlet
containers like Jetty even performing an additional ERROR dispatch back
to the original URL, we know rather set the DeferredResult to an
AsyncTimeoutException, which results in a dispatch and standard
handling within Spring MVC. This should be a more reliable way of
dealing with timeouts.
Issue: SPR-14669
Since SPR-14522, the web reactive framework supports checkNotModified
features. This commit aligns the existing MVC infrastructure with
web reactive's behavior.
Code duplication has been removed from `HttpEntityMethodProcessor`
but the Servlet 2.5 baseline is still respected.
Issue: SPR-14659
Cherry-picked from: cc5300c4d5
This commit documents the regexp support in `AntPathMatcher` when
matching for URL patterns. This support is also mentioned in places
where developers can register patterns for ViewControllers or resource
handlers.
Issue: SPR-14652
Cherry-picked from: a8ba065a6e
This is a follow-up on commit fe4046 relaxing the expectation that a
ServletContext is present. Instead we check defensively and fall back
on PathExtensionContentNegotiationStrategy which can use JAF.
Issue: SPR-14577
Create an explicit heartbeat task with an experiration flag so that
it can be cancelled reliably vs relying on the ScheduledFutureTask
cancel method which may return true even if the task is already
running.
Issue: SPR-14356
This change adds support for a target type in JsonPath assertions in
Spring MVC Test.
The existing assertValue(String expression, Object expectedValue)
transparently falls back on using an alternative JsonPath API that
allows specifying the target type to coerce to.
There is also a new overloaded method
assertValue(String expression, Matcher<T> matcher, Class<T> targetType)
for use with Hamcrest matchers where the target type can be specified.
Issue: SPR-14498
(cherry picked from commit 7fdb892)
HttpEntityMethodProcessor should not throw IllegalArgumentExceptions for
invalid If-None-Match headers.
For those cases, this commit makes sure that both
`HttpEntityMethodProcessor` and `ServletWebRequest` have a consistent
behavior and stop processing the request as conditional and leave the
handler handle it.
Issue: SPR-14559
This commit adds support for HTTP header field parameters encoding, as
described in RFC5987.
Note that the default implementation still relies on US-ASCII encoding,
as the latest rfc7230 Section 3.2.4 says that:
> Newly defined header fields SHOULD limit their field values to
US-ASCII octets
Issue: SPR-14547
Cherry-picked from: f2faf84f31
Since we have a dedicated section regarding Ehcache that is only
applicable to Ehcache 2.x, this commit clarifies that Ehcache 3.x is
JSR-107 compliant and the JCache support should be used with it
rather than attempting to configure the Ehcache 2.x support.
Commit 240f254 has introduced support for `java.util.Optional` in the
cache abstraction. If such type is present, the contained value is cached
if it is present.
This new feature slightly changed the semantic of `#result` that was
documented up till this commit as the "return value of the method
invocation". This is no longer true as `#result` for `Optional<T>`
refers to the `T` instance and not the `Optional` instance.
This commit clarifies both the javadoc and the documentation.
Issue: SPR-14587
Previously invoking HtmlUnitRequestBuilder merge caused the pathInfo of
the parent to be corrupted. This could additional invocations with the
same parent.
This fix ensures that the parent is no longer directly used. Instead,
we create a copy of the parent by merging the parent that was passed in
with the copy.
Fixes SPR-14584
This commit also drops the now-unused CUSTOM_COMPILATION test group and the outdated JavaVersion class.
Issue: SPR-10423
(cherry picked from commit 01110f6)
This commit also aligns ResourceUrlProvider's and RequestMappingInfo's UrlPathHelper setter/getter signatures.
Issue: SPR-14454
(cherry picked from commit 84afc60)
_Have something you'd like to contribute to the framework? We welcome pull
requests but ask that you carefully read this document first to understand how
best to submit them; what kind of changes are likely to be accepted; and what
to expect from the Spring team when evaluating your submission._
First off, thank you for taking the time to contribute! :+1: :tada:
_Please refer back to this document as a checklist before issuing any pull
request; this will save time for everyone!_
### Table of Contents
## Code of Conduct
This project adheres to the Contributor Covenant [code of conduct](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.adoc).
By participating, you are expected to uphold this code. Please report unacceptable behavior to spring-code-of-conduct@pivotal.io.
* [Code of Conduct](#code-of-conduct)
* [How to Contribute](#how-to-contribute)
* [Ask questions](#ask-questions)
* [Create an Issue](#create-an-issue)
* [Issue Lifecycle](#issue-lifecycle)
* [Submit a Pull Request](#submit-a-pull-request)
* [Build from Source](#build-from-source)
* [Source Code Style](#source-code-style)
* [Reference Docs](#reference-docs)
## Take Your First Steps
### Code of Conduct
### Understand the basics
This project is governed by the [Spring Code of Conduct](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.adoc).
By participating you are expected to uphold this code.
Please report unacceptable behavior to spring-code-of-conduct@pivotal.io.
Not sure what a pull request is, or how to submit one? Take a look at GitHub's
excellent [help documentation][] first.
### How to Contribute
### Search Stack Overflow first; discuss if necessary
#### Ask questions
If you're unsure why something isn't working or wondering if there is a better
way of doing it please check on Stack Overflow first and if necessary start
a discussion. This is the official list of
[Spring project tags](https://spring.io/questions). In short the issue tracker
should be used to report issues and make feature requests.
If you have a question, check Stack Overflow using
[this list of tags](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/spring+or+spring-mvc+or+spring-aop+or+spring-jdbc+or+spring-transactions+or+spring-annotations+or+spring-jms+or+spring-el+or+spring-test+or+spring+or+spring-remoting+or+spring-orm+or+spring-jmx+or+spring-cache+or+spring-webflux?tab=Newest). Find an existing discussion, or start a new one if necessary.
### Search JIRA; create an issue if necessary
If you believe there is an issue, search through
[existing issues](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/issues) trying a
few different ways to find discussions, past or current, that are related to the issue.
Reading those discussions helps you to learn about the issue, and helps us to make a
decision.
Is there already an issue that addresses your concern? Do a bit of searching
in our [JIRA issue tracker][] to see if you can find something similar. If you
do not find something similar, please create a new JIRA issue before submitting
a pull request unless the change is truly trivial -- for example: typo fixes,
removing compiler warnings, etc.
### Sign the Individual Contributor License Agreement (ICLA)
If you have not previously done so, please fill out and submit the
[Spring ICLA form][]. You'll receive a token when this process is complete.
Keep track of this; you may be asked for it later!
Note that emailing/postal mailing a signed copy is _not_ necessary. Submission
of the web form is all that is required.
Once you've completed the web form, simply add the following in a comment on
your pull request:
I have signed and agree to the terms of the Spring Individual Contributor
License Agreement.
You do not need to include your token/id. Please add the above statement to all
future pull requests as well, simply so that the Spring Framework team knows
immediately that this process is complete.
## Create a Branch
### Branch from `master`
Master currently represents work toward Spring Framework 4.0. Please submit
all pull requests there, even bug fixes and minor improvements. Backports to
`3.2.x` will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
#### Create an Issue
### Use short branch names
Reporting an issue or making a feature request is a great way to contribute. Your feedback
and the conversations that result from it provide a continuous flow of ideas. However,
before creating a ticket, please take the time to [ask and research](#ask-questions) first.
Branches used when submitting pull requests should preferably be named
according to JIRA issues, e.g. 'SPR-1234'. Otherwise, use succinct, lower-case,
dash (-) delimited names, such as 'fix-warnings', 'fix-typo', etc. In
[fork-and-edit][] cases, the GitHub default 'patch-1' is fine as well. This is
important, because branch names show up in the merge commits that result from
accepting pull requests and should be as expressive and concise as possible.
If you create an issue after a discussion on Stack Overflow, please provide a description
in the issue instead of simply referring to Stack Overflow. The issue tracker is an
important place of record for design discussions and should be self-sufficient.
## Use Spring Framework Code Style
Once you're ready, create an issue on [GitHub](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/issues).
The complete [Spring Framework Code Style][] reference is available on the wiki, but
here's a quick summary:
Many issues are caused by subtle behavior, typos, and unintended configuration.
Creating a [Minimal Reproducible Example](https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example)
(starting with https://start.spring.io for example) of the problem helps the team
quickly triage your issue and get to the core of the problem.
### Mind the whitespace
#### Issue Lifecycle
Please carefully follow the whitespace and formatting conventions already
present in the framework.
When an issue is first created, it is flagged `waiting-for-triage` waiting for a team
member to triage it. Once the issue has been reviewed, the team may ask for further
information if needed, and based on the findings, the issue is either assigned a target
milestone or is closed with a specific status.
1. Tabs, not spaces
1. Unix (LF), not DOS (CRLF) line endings
1. Eliminate all trailing whitespace
1. Wrap Javadoc at 90 characters
1. Aim to wrap code at 90 characters, but favor readability over wrapping
1. Preserve existing formatting; i.e. do not reformat code for its own sake
1. Search the codebase using `git grep` and other tools to discover common
naming conventions, etc.
1. UTF-8 encoding for Java sources
When a fix is ready, the issue is closed and may still be re-opened until the fix is
released. After that the issue will typically no longer be reopened. In rare cases if the
issue was not at all fixed, the issue may be re-opened. In most cases however any
follow-up reports will need to be created as new issues with a fresh description.
#### Submit a Pull Request
### Add Apache license header to all new classes
1. If you have not previously done so, please sign the
[Contributor License Agreement](https://cla.spring.io/sign/spring). You will be reminded
automatically when you submit the PR.
```java
/*
* Copyright 2002-2016 the original author or authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
1. Should you create an issue first? No, just create the pull request and use the
description to provide context and motivation, as you would for an issue. If you want
to start a discussion first or have already created an issue, once a pull request is
created, we will close the issue as superseded by the pull request, and the discussion
about the issue will continue under the pull request.
package...;
```
1. Always check out the `main` branch and submit pull requests against it
(for target version see [settings.gradle](settings.gradle)).
Backports to prior versions will be considered on a case-by-case basis and reflected as
the fix version in the issue tracker.
### Update Apache license header in modified files as necessary
1. Choose the granularity of your commits consciously and squash commits that represent
multiple edits or corrections of the same logical change. See
[Rewriting History section of Pro Git](https://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History)
for an overview of streamlining the commit history.
Always check the date range in the license header. For example, if you've
modified a file in 2015 whose header still reads:
1. Format commit messages using 55 characters for the subject line, 72 characters per line
for the description, followed by the issue fixed, e.g. `Closes gh-22276`. See the
[Commit Guidelines section of Pro Git](https://git-scm.com/book/en/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#Commit-Guidelines)
for best practices around commit messages, and use `git log` to see some examples.
```java
/*
*Copyright2002-2011theoriginalauthororauthors.
```
1. If there is a prior issue, reference the GitHub issue number in the description of the
pull request.
Then be sure to update it to 2016 accordingly:
If accepted, your contribution may be heavily modified as needed prior to merging.
You will likely retain author attribution for your Git commits granted that the bulk of
your changes remain intact. You may also be asked to rework the submission.
```java
/*
*Copyright2002-2016theoriginalauthororauthors.
```
If asked to make corrections, simply push the changes against the same branch, and your
pull request will be updated. In other words, you do not need to create a new pull request
when asked to make changes.
### Use @since tags for newly-added public API types and methods
#### Participate in Reviews
For example:
Helping to review pull requests is another great way to contribute. Your feedback
can help to shape the implementation of new features. When reviewing pull requests,
however, please refrain from approving or rejecting a PR unless you are a core
committer for the Spring Framework.
```java
/**
* ...
*
* @author First Last
* @since 4.2.3
* @see ...
*/
```
### Build from Source
## Prepare Your Commit
See the [Build from Source](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/wiki/Build-from-Source)
wiki page for instructions on how to check out, build, and import the Spring Framework
source code into your IDE.
### Submit JUnit test cases for all behavior changes
### Source Code Style
Search the codebase to find related tests and add additional `@Test` methods
as appropriate. It is also acceptable to submit test cases on a per JIRA issue
basis, for example:
The wiki pages
[Code Style](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/wiki/Code-Style) and
[IntelliJ IDEA Editor Settings](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/wiki/IntelliJ-IDEA-Editor-Settings)
define the source file coding standards we use along with some IDEA editor settings we customize.
```java
packageorg.springframework.beans.factory.support;
### Reference Docs
/**
* Unit tests for SPR-8954, in which a custom {@link InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor}
* forces the predicted type of a FactoryBean, effectively preventing retrieval of the
* bean from calls to #getBeansOfType(FactoryBean.class). The implementation of
* {@link AbstractBeanFactory#isFactoryBean(String, RootBeanDefinition)} now ensures
* that not only the predicted bean type is considered, but also the original bean
* definition's beanClass.
*
* @author Chris Beams
*/
publicclassSpr8954Tests{
The reference documentation is in the [framework-docs/src/docs/asciidoc](framework-docs/src/docs/asciidoc) directory, in
[Asciidoctor](https://asciidoctor.org/) format. For trivial changes, you may be able to browse,
edit source files, and submit directly from GitHub.
@Test
publicvoidcornerSpr8954(){
// ...
}
}
```
When making changes locally, execute `./gradlew :framework-docs:asciidoctor` and then browse the result under
# <img src="framework-docs/src/docs/spring-framework.png" width="80" height="80"> Spring Framework [](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/actions/workflows/build-and-deploy-snapshot.yml?query=branch%3A6.0.x) [](https://ge.spring.io/scans?search.rootProjectNames=spring)
## Spring Framework
The Spring Framework provides a comprehensive programming and configuration
model for modern Java-based enterprise applications -- on any kind of deployment
platform. A key element of Spring is infrastructural support at the application
level: Spring focuses on the "plumbing" of enterprise applications so that teams
can focus on application-level business logic, without unnecessary ties to
specific deployment environments.
This is the home of the Spring Framework: the foundation for all [Spring projects](https://spring.io/projects). Collectively the Spring Framework and the family of Spring projects are often referred to simply as "Spring".
Spring provides everything required beyond the Java programming language for creating enterprise applications for a wide range of scenarios and architectures. Please read the [Overview](https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/overview.html#spring-introduction) section as reference for a more complete introduction.
The framework also serves as the foundation for [Spring Integration][], [Spring Batch][]
and the rest of the Spring [family of projects][]. Browse the repositories under
the [Spring organization][] on GitHub for a full list.
## Code of Conduct
This project adheres to the Contributor Covenant [code of conduct](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.adoc).
By participating, you are expected to uphold this code. Please report unacceptable behavior to spring-code-of-conduct@pivotal.io.
This project is governed by the [Spring Code of Conduct](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.adoc). By participating, you are expected to uphold this code of conduct. Please report unacceptable behavior to spring-code-of-conduct@pivotal.io.
## Access to Binaries
For access to artifacts or a distribution zip, see the [Spring Framework Artifacts](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/wiki/Spring-Framework-Artifacts) wiki page.
## Downloading Artifacts
See [downloading Spring artifacts][] for Maven repository information. Unable to
use Maven or other transitive dependency management tools?
See [building a distribution with dependencies][].
## Documentation
See the current [Javadoc][] and [reference docs][].
The Spring Framework maintains reference documentation ([published](https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/spring-framework-reference/) and [source](framework-docs/src/docs/asciidoc)), GitHub [wiki pages](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/wiki), and an
[API reference](https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/javadoc-api/). There are also [guides and tutorials](https://spring.io/guides) across Spring projects.
## Getting Support
Check out the [spring][spring tags] tags on [Stack Overflow][]. [Commercial support][]
is available too.
## Micro-Benchmarks
## Issue Tracking
Report issues via the [Spring Framework JIRA][]. Understand our issue management
process by reading about [the lifecycle of an issue][]. Think you've found a
bug? Please consider submitting a reproduction project via the
[spring-framework-issues][] GitHub repository. The [readme][] there provides
simple step-by-step instructions.
See the [Micro-Benchmarks](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/wiki/Micro-Benchmarks) wiki page.
## Buildingfrom Source
The Spring Framework uses a [Gradle][]-based build system. In the instructions
below, [`./gradlew`][] is invoked from the root of the source tree and serves as
a cross-platform, self-contained bootstrap mechanism for the build.
## Build from Source
### Prerequisites
See the [Build from Source](https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/wiki/Build-from-Source) wiki page and the [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) file.
[Git][] and [JDK 8 update 20 or later][JDK8 build]
## Continuous Integration Builds
Be sure that your `JAVA_HOME` environment variable points to the `jdk1.8.0` folder
extracted from the JDK download.
Information regarding CI builds can be found in the [Spring Framework Concourse pipeline](ci/README.adoc) documentation.
Run `./import-into-eclipse.sh` or read `import-into-idea.md` as appropriate.
> **Note:** Per the prerequisites above, ensure that you have JDK 8 configured properly in your IDE.
Follow [@SpringCentral](https://twitter.com/springcentral), [@SpringFramework](https://twitter.com/springframework), and its [team members](https://twitter.com/springframework/lists/team/members) on Twitter. In-depth articles can be found at [The Spring Blog](https://spring.io/blog/), and releases are announced via our [news feed](https://spring.io/blog/category/news).
### Install all spring-\* jars into your local Maven cache
`./gradlew install`
### Compile and test; build all jars, distribution zips, and docs
`./gradlew build`
... and discover more commands with `./gradlew tasks`. See also the [Gradle
build and release FAQ][].
## Contributing
[Pull requests][] are welcome; see the [contributor guidelines][] for details.
## Staying in Touch
Follow [@SpringCentral][] as well as [@SpringFramework][] and its [team members][]
on Twitter. In-depth articles can be found at [The Spring Blog][], and releases
are announced via our [news feed][].
## License
The Spring Framework is released under version 2.0 of the [Apache License][].
The Spring Framework is released under version 2.0 of the [Apache License](https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).
| The default _test constructor autowire mode_ to use if `@TestConstructor` is not present
on a test class. See xref:testing/annotations/integration-junit-jupiter.adoc#integration-testing-annotations-testconstructor[Changing the default test constructor autowire mode]
.
| `spring.test.context.cache.maxSize`
| The maximum size of the context cache in the _Spring TestContext Framework_. See
<1> References the `publicMethod` named pointcut defined in xref:core/aop/ataspectj/pointcuts.adoc#aop-pointcuts-combining[Combining Pointcut Expressions].
<1> References the `publicMethod` named pointcut defined in xref:core/aop/ataspectj/pointcuts.adoc#aop-pointcuts-combining[Combining Pointcut Expressions].
======
[[aop-ataspectj-advice-params-generics]]
=== Advice Parameters and Generics
Spring AOP can handle generics used in class declarations and method parameters. Suppose
value = "com.xyz.Pointcuts.publicMethod() && target(bean) && @annotation(auditable)", // <1>
argNames = "bean,auditable") // <2>
public void audit(Object bean, Auditable auditable) {
AuditCode code = auditable.value();
// ... use code and bean
}
----
<1> References the `publicMethod` named pointcut defined in xref:core/aop/ataspectj/pointcuts.adoc#aop-pointcuts-combining[Combining Pointcut Expressions].
<2> Declares `bean` and `auditable` as the argument names.
value = "com.xyz.Pointcuts.publicMethod() && target(bean) && @annotation(auditable)", // <1>
argNames = "bean,auditable") // <2>
fun audit(bean: Any, auditable: Auditable) {
val code = auditable.value()
// ... use code and bean
}
----
<1> References the `publicMethod` named pointcut defined in xref:core/aop/ataspectj/pointcuts.adoc#aop-pointcuts-combining[Combining Pointcut Expressions].
<2> Declares `bean` and `auditable` as the argument names.
======
If the first parameter is of type `JoinPoint`, `ProceedingJoinPoint`, or
`JoinPoint.StaticPart`, you can omit the name of the parameter from the value of the
`argNames` attribute. For example, if you modify the preceding advice to receive the join
point object, the `argNames` attribute does not need to include it:
value = "com.xyz.Pointcuts.publicMethod() && target(bean) && @annotation(auditable)", // <1>
argNames = "bean,auditable") // <2>
public void audit(JoinPoint jp, Object bean, Auditable auditable) {
AuditCode code = auditable.value();
// ... use code, bean, and jp
}
----
<1> References the `publicMethod` named pointcut defined in xref:core/aop/ataspectj/pointcuts.adoc#aop-pointcuts-combining[Combining Pointcut Expressions].
<2> Declares `bean` and `auditable` as the argument names.
value = "com.xyz.Pointcuts.publicMethod() && target(bean) && @annotation(auditable)", // <1>
argNames = "bean,auditable") // <2>
fun audit(jp: JoinPoint, bean: Any, auditable: Auditable) {
val code = auditable.value()
// ... use code, bean, and jp
}
----
<1> References the `publicMethod` named pointcut defined in xref:core/aop/ataspectj/pointcuts.adoc#aop-pointcuts-combining[Combining Pointcut Expressions].
<2> Declares `bean` and `auditable` as the argument names.
======
The special treatment given to the first parameter of type `JoinPoint`,
`ProceedingJoinPoint`, or `JoinPoint.StaticPart` is particularly convenient for advice
methods that do not collect any other join point context. In such situations, you may
omit the `argNames` attribute. For example, the following advice does not need to declare
<1> References the `publicMethod` named pointcut defined in xref:core/aop/ataspectj/pointcuts.adoc#aop-pointcuts-combining[Combining Pointcut Expressions].
<1> References the `publicMethod` named pointcut defined in xref:core/aop/ataspectj/pointcuts.adoc#aop-pointcuts-combining[Combining Pointcut Expressions].
======
[[aop-ataspectj-advice-proceeding-with-the-call]]
=== Proceeding with Arguments
We remarked earlier that we would describe how to write a `proceed` call with
arguments that works consistently across Spring AOP and AspectJ. The solution is
to ensure that the advice signature binds each of the method parameters in order.
<1> References the `inDataAccessLayer` named pointcut defined in xref:core/aop/ataspectj/pointcuts.adoc#aop-common-pointcuts[Sharing Named Pointcut Definitions].
fun preProcessQueryPattern(pjp: ProceedingJoinPoint,
accountHolderNamePattern: String): Any? {
val newPattern = preProcess(accountHolderNamePattern)
return pjp.proceed(arrayOf<Any>(newPattern))
}
----
<1> References the `inDataAccessLayer` named pointcut defined in xref:core/aop/ataspectj/pointcuts.adoc#aop-common-pointcuts[Sharing Named Pointcut Definitions].
======
In many cases, you do this binding anyway (as in the preceding example).
[[aop-ataspectj-advice-ordering]]
== Advice Ordering
What happens when multiple pieces of advice all want to run at the same join point?
Spring AOP follows the same precedence rules as AspectJ to determine the order of advice
execution. The highest precedence advice runs first "on the way in" (so, given two pieces
of before advice, the one with highest precedence runs first). "On the way out" from a
join point, the highest precedence advice runs last (so, given two pieces of after
advice, the one with the highest precedence will run second).
When two pieces of advice defined in different aspects both need to run at the same
join point, unless you specify otherwise, the order of execution is undefined. You can
control the order of execution by specifying precedence. This is done in the normal
Spring way by either implementing the `org.springframework.core.Ordered` interface in
the aspect class or annotating it with the `@Order` annotation. Given two aspects, the
aspect returning the lower value from `Ordered.getOrder()` (or the annotation value) has
the higher precedence.
[NOTE]
====
Each of the distinct advice types of a particular aspect is conceptually meant to apply
to the join point directly. As a consequence, an `@AfterThrowing` advice method is not
supposed to receive an exception from an accompanying `@After`/`@AfterReturning` method.
As of Spring Framework 5.2.7, advice methods defined in the same `@Aspect` class that
need to run at the same join point are assigned precedence based on their advice type in
the following order, from highest to lowest precedence: `@Around`, `@Before`, `@After`,
`@AfterReturning`, `@AfterThrowing`. Note, however, that an `@After` advice method will
effectively be invoked after any `@AfterReturning` or `@AfterThrowing` advice methods
in the same aspect, following AspectJ's "after finally advice" semantics for `@After`.
When two pieces of the same type of advice (for example, two `@After` advice methods)
defined in the same `@Aspect` class both need to run at the same join point, the ordering
is undefined (since there is no way to retrieve the source code declaration order through
reflection for javac-compiled classes). Consider collapsing such advice methods into one
advice method per join point in each `@Aspect` class or refactor the pieces of advice into
separate `@Aspect` classes that you can order at the aspect level via `Ordered` or `@Order`.
<1> References the `businessService` named pointcut defined in xref:core/aop/ataspectj/pointcuts.adoc#aop-common-pointcuts[Sharing Named Pointcut Definitions].
<1> References the `businessService` named pointcut defined in xref:core/aop/ataspectj/pointcuts.adoc#aop-common-pointcuts[Sharing Named Pointcut Definitions].
======
Note that the aspect implements the `Ordered` interface so that we can set the precedence of
the aspect higher than the transaction advice (we want a fresh transaction each time we
retry). The `maxRetries` and `order` properties are both configured by Spring. The
main action happens in the `doConcurrentOperation` around advice. Notice that, for the
moment, we apply the retry logic to each `businessService`. We try to proceed,
and if we fail with a `PessimisticLockingFailureException`, we try again, unless
<1> References the `businessService` named pointcut defined in xref:core/aop/ataspectj/pointcuts.adoc#aop-common-pointcuts[Sharing Named Pointcut Definitions].
Declaring a pointcut _inside_ an aspect is very similar to declaring a top-level pointcut,
Note that pointcuts defined in this way are referred to by their XML `id` and cannot be
used as named pointcuts to form composite pointcuts. The named pointcut support in the
schema-based definition style is thus more limited than that offered by the @AspectJ
style.
[[aop-schema-advice]]
== Declaring Advice
The schema-based AOP support uses the same five kinds of advice as the @AspectJ style, and they have
exactly the same semantics.
[[aop-schema-advice-before]]
=== Before Advice
Before advice runs before a matched method execution. It is declared inside an
`<aop:aspect>` by using the `<aop:before>` element, as the following example shows:
[source,xml,indent=0,subs="verbatim"]
----
<aop:aspect id="beforeExample" ref="aBean">
<aop:before
pointcut-ref="dataAccessOperation"
method="doAccessCheck"/>
...
</aop:aspect>
----
In the example above, `dataAccessOperation` is the `id` of a _named pointcut_ defined at
the top (`<aop:config>`) level (see xref:core/aop/schema.adoc#aop-schema-pointcuts[Declaring a Pointcut]).
NOTE: As we noted in the discussion of the @AspectJ style, using _named pointcuts_ can
significantly improve the readability of your code. See xref:core/aop/ataspectj/pointcuts.adoc#aop-common-pointcuts[Sharing Named Pointcut Definitions] for
details.
To define the pointcut inline instead, replace the `pointcut-ref` attribute with a
`pointcut` attribute, as follows:
[source,xml,indent=0,subs="verbatim"]
----
<aop:aspect id="beforeExample" ref="aBean">
<aop:before
pointcut="execution(* com.xyz.dao.*.*(..))"
method="doAccessCheck"/>
...
</aop:aspect>
----
The `method` attribute identifies a method (`doAccessCheck`) that provides the body of
the advice. This method must be defined for the bean referenced by the aspect element
that contains the advice. Before a data access operation is performed (a method execution
join point matched by the pointcut expression), the `doAccessCheck` method on the aspect
bean is invoked.
[[aop-schema-advice-after-returning]]
=== After Returning Advice
After returning advice runs when a matched method execution completes normally. It is
declared inside an `<aop:aspect>` in the same way as before advice. The following example
fun doBasicProfiling(pjp: ProceedingJoinPoint): Any? {
// start stopwatch
val retVal = pjp.proceed()
// stop stopwatch
return pjp.proceed()
}
----
======
[[aop-schema-params]]
=== Advice Parameters
The schema-based declaration style supports fully typed advice in the same way as
described for the @AspectJ support -- by matching pointcut parameters by name against
advice method parameters. See xref:core/aop/ataspectj/advice.adoc#aop-ataspectj-advice-params[Advice Parameters] for details. If you wish
to explicitly specify argument names for the advice methods (not relying on the
detection strategies previously described), you can do so by using the `arg-names`
attribute of the advice element, which is treated in the same manner as the `argNames`
attribute in an advice annotation (as described in xref:core/aop/ataspectj/advice.adoc#aop-ataspectj-advice-params-names[Determining Argument Names]).
The following example shows how to specify an argument name in XML:
[source,xml,indent=0,subs="verbatim"]
----
<aop:before
pointcut="com.xyz.Pointcuts.publicMethod() and @annotation(auditable)" <1>
method="audit"
arg-names="auditable" />
----
<1> References the `publicMethod` named pointcut defined in xref:core/aop/ataspectj/pointcuts.adoc#aop-pointcuts-combining[Combining Pointcut Expressions].
The `arg-names` attribute accepts a comma-delimited list of parameter names.
The following slightly more involved example of the XSD-based approach shows
some around advice used in conjunction with a number of strongly typed parameters:
Everything we have covered so far in this chapter is pure Spring AOP. In this section,
we look at how you can use the AspectJ compiler or weaver instead of or in
addition to Spring AOP if your needs go beyond the facilities offered by Spring AOP
alone.
Spring ships with a small AspectJ aspect library, which is available stand-alone in your
distribution as `spring-aspects.jar`. You need to add this to your classpath in order
to use the aspects in it. xref:core/aop/using-aspectj.adoc#aop-atconfigurable[Using AspectJ to Dependency Inject Domain Objects with Spring] and xref:core/aop/using-aspectj.adoc#aop-ajlib-other[Other Spring aspects for AspectJ] discuss the
content of this library and how you can use it. xref:core/aop/using-aspectj.adoc#aop-aj-configure[Configuring AspectJ Aspects by Using Spring IoC] discusses how to
dependency inject AspectJ aspects that are woven using the AspectJ compiler. Finally,
xref:core/aop/using-aspectj.adoc#aop-aj-ltw[Load-time Weaving with AspectJ in the Spring Framework] provides an introduction to load-time weaving for Spring applications
that use AspectJ.
[[aop-atconfigurable]]
== Using AspectJ to Dependency Inject Domain Objects with Spring
The Spring container instantiates and configures beans defined in your application
context. It is also possible to ask a bean factory to configure a pre-existing
object, given the name of a bean definition that contains the configuration to be applied.
`spring-aspects.jar` contains an annotation-driven aspect that exploits this
capability to allow dependency injection of any object. The support is intended to
be used for objects created outside of the control of any container. Domain objects
often fall into this category because they are often created programmatically with the
`new` operator or by an ORM tool as a result of a database query.
The `@Configurable` annotation marks a class as being eligible for Spring-driven
configuration. In the simplest case, you can use purely it as a marker annotation, as the
You can find more information about the language semantics of the various pointcut
types in AspectJ
https://www.eclipse.org/aspectj/doc/next/progguide/semantics-joinPoints.html[in this
appendix] of the https://www.eclipse.org/aspectj/doc/next/progguide/index.html[AspectJ
Programming Guide].
=====
For this to work, the annotated types must be woven with the AspectJ weaver. You can
either use a build-time Ant or Maven task to do this (see, for example, the
https://www.eclipse.org/aspectj/doc/released/devguide/antTasks.html[AspectJ Development
Environment Guide]) or load-time weaving (see xref:core/aop/using-aspectj.adoc#aop-aj-ltw[Load-time Weaving with AspectJ in the Spring Framework]). The
`AnnotationBeanConfigurerAspect` itself needs to be configured by Spring (in order to obtain
a reference to the bean factory that is to be used to configure new objects). If you
use Java-based configuration, you can add `@EnableSpringConfigured` to any
This chapter covers Spring's Ahead of Time (AOT) optimizations.
For AOT support specific to integration tests, see xref:testing/testcontext-framework/aot.adoc[Ahead of Time Support for Tests].
[[aot.introduction]]
== Introduction to Ahead of Time Optimizations
Spring's support for AOT optimizations is meant to inspect an `ApplicationContext` at build time and apply decisions and discovery logic that usually happens at runtime.
Doing so allows building an application startup arrangement that is more straightforward and focused on a fixed set of features based mainly on the classpath and the `Environment`.
Applying such optimizations early implies the following restrictions:
* The classpath is fixed and fully defined at build time.
* The beans defined in your application cannot change at runtime, meaning:
** `@Profile`, in particular profile-specific configuration needs to be chosen at build time.
** `Environment` properties that impact the presence of a bean (`@Conditional`) are only considered at build time.
* Bean definitions with instance suppliers (lambdas or method references) cannot be transformed ahead-of-time (see related https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/issues/29555[spring-framework#29555] issue).
* Make sure that the bean type is as precise as possible.
TIP: See also the xref:core/aot.adoc#aot.bestpractices[] section.
When these restrictions are in place, it becomes possible to perform ahead-of-time processing at build time and generate additional assets.
A Spring AOT processed application typically generates:
* Java source code
* Bytecode (usually for dynamic proxies)
* {api-spring-framework}/aot/hint/RuntimeHints.html[`RuntimeHints`] for the use of reflection, resource loading, serialization, and JDK proxies.
NOTE: At the moment, AOT is focused on allowing Spring applications to be deployed as native images using GraalVM.
We intend to support more JVM-based use cases in future generations.
[[aot.basics]]
== AOT engine overview
The entry point of the AOT engine for processing an `ApplicationContext` arrangement is `ApplicationContextAotGenerator`. It takes care of the following steps, based on a `GenericApplicationContext` that represents the application to optimize and a {api-spring-framework}/aot/generate/GenerationContext.html[`GenerationContext`]:
* Refresh an `ApplicationContext` for AOT processing. Contrary to a traditional refresh, this version only creates bean definitions, not bean instances.
* Invoke the available `BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor` implementations and apply their contributions against the `GenerationContext`.
For instance, a core implementation iterates over all candidate bean definitions and generates the necessary code to restore the state of the `BeanFactory`.
Once this process completes, the `GenerationContext` will have been updated with the generated code, resources, and classes that are necessary for the application to run.
The `RuntimeHints` instance can also be used to generate the relevant GraalVM native image configuration files.
`ApplicationContextAotGenerator#processAheadOfTime` returns the class name of the `ApplicationContextInitializer` entry point that allows the context to be started with AOT optimizations.
Those steps are covered in greater detail in the sections below.
[[aot.refresh]]
== Refresh for AOT Processing
Refresh for AOT processing is supported on all `GenericApplicationContext` implementations.
An application context is created with any number of entry points, usually in the form of `@Configuration`-annotated classes.
Starting this application with the regular runtime involves a number of steps including classpath scanning, configuration class parsing, bean instantiation, and lifecycle callback handling.
Refresh for AOT processing only applies a subset of what happens with a xref:core/beans/introduction.adoc[regular `refresh`].
In this mode, xref:core/beans/factory-extension.adoc#beans-factory-extension-factory-postprocessors[`BeanFactoryPostProcessor` implementations] are invoked as usual.
This includes configuration class parsing, import selectors, classpath scanning, etc.
Such steps make sure that the `BeanRegistry` contains the relevant bean definitions for the application.
If bean definitions are guarded by conditions (such as `@Profile`), these are discarded at this stage.
Because this mode does not actually create bean instances, `BeanPostProcessor` implementations are not invoked, except for specific variants that are relevant for AOT processing.
These are:
* `MergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessor` implementations post-process bean definitions to extract additional settings, such as `init` and `destroy` methods.
* `SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor` implementations determine a more precise bean type if necessary.
This makes sure to create any proxy that will be required at runtime.
Once this part completes, the `BeanFactory` contains the bean definitions that are necessary for the application to run. It does not trigger bean instantiation but allows the AOT engine to inspect the beans that will be created at runtime.
[[aot.bean-factory-initialization-contributions]]
== Bean Factory Initialization AOT Contributions
Components that want to participate in this step can implement the {api-spring-framework}/beans/factory/aot/BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor.html[`BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor`] interface.
Each implementation can return an AOT contribution, based on the state of the bean factory.
An AOT contribution is a component that contributes generated code that reproduces a particular behavior.
It can also contribute `RuntimeHints` to indicate the need for reflection, resource loading, serialization, or JDK proxies.
A `BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor` implementation can be registered in `META-INF/spring/aot.factories` with a key equal to the fully qualified name of the interface.
A `BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor` can also be implemented directly by a bean.
In this mode, the bean provides an AOT contribution equivalent to the feature it provides with a regular runtime.
Consequently, such a bean is automatically excluded from the AOT-optimized context.
[NOTE]
====
If a bean implements the `BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor` interface, the bean and **all** of its dependencies will be initialized during AOT processing.
We generally recommend that this interface is only implemented by infrastructure beans such as `BeanFactoryPostProcessor` which have limited dependencies and are already initialized early in the bean factory lifecycle.
If such a bean is registered using an `@Bean` factory method, ensure the method is `static` so that its enclosing `@Configuration` class does not have to be initialized.
====
[[aot.bean-registration-contributions]]
=== Bean Registration AOT Contributions
A core `BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor` implementation is responsible for collecting the necessary contributions for each candidate `BeanDefinition`.
It does so using a dedicated `BeanRegistrationAotProcessor`.
This interface is used as follows:
* Implemented by a `BeanPostProcessor` bean, to replace its runtime behavior.
For instance xref:core/beans/factory-extension.adoc#beans-factory-extension-bpp-examples-aabpp[`AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor`] implements this interface to generate code that injects members annotated with `@Autowired`.
* Implemented by a type registered in `META-INF/spring/aot.factories` with a key equal to the fully qualified name of the interface.
Typically used when the bean definition needs to be tuned for specific features of the core framework.
[NOTE]
====
If a bean implements the `BeanRegistrationAotProcessor` interface, the bean and **all** of its dependencies will be initialized during AOT processing.
We generally recommend that this interface is only implemented by infrastructure beans such as `BeanFactoryPostProcessor` which have limited dependencies and are already initialized early in the bean factory lifecycle.
If such a bean is registered using an `@Bean` factory method, ensure the method is `static` so that its enclosing `@Configuration` class does not have to be initialized.
====
If no `BeanRegistrationAotProcessor` handles a particular registered bean, a default implementation processes it.
This is the default behavior, since tuning the generated code for a bean definition should be restricted to corner cases.
Taking our previous example, let's assume that `DataSourceConfiguration` is as follows:
NOTE: The exact code generated may differ depending on the exact nature of your bean definitions.
The generated code above creates bean definitions equivalent to the `@Configuration` class, but in a direct way and without the use of reflection if at all possible.
There is a bean definition for `dataSourceConfiguration` and one for `dataSourceBean`.
When a `datasource` instance is required, a `BeanInstanceSupplier` is called.
This supplier invokes the `dataSource()` method on the `dataSourceConfiguration` bean.
[[aot.bestpractices]]
== Best Practices
The AOT engine is designed to handle as many use cases as possible, with no code change in applications.
However, keep in mind that some optimizations are made at build time based on a static definition of the beans.
This section lists the best practices that make sure your application is ready for AOT.
[[aot.bestpractices.bean-type]]
=== Expose The Most Precise Bean Type
While your application may interact with an interface that a bean implements, it is still very important to declare the most precise type.
The AOT engine performs additional checks on the bean type, such as detecting the presence of `@Autowired` members, or lifecycle callback methods.
For `@Configuration` classes, make sure that the return type of the factory `@Bean` method is as precise as possible.
If you are registering bean definitions programmatically, consider using `RootBeanBefinition` as it allows to specify a `ResolvableType` that handles generics.
[[aot.bestpractices.factory-bean]]
=== FactoryBean
`FactoryBean` should be used with care as it introduces an intermediate layer in terms of bean type resolution that may not be conceptually necessary.
As a rule of thumb, if the `FactoryBean` instance does not hold long-term state and is not needed at a later point in time at runtime, it should be replaced by a regular factory method, possibly with a `FactoryBean` adapter layer on top (for declarative configuration purposes).
If your `FactoryBean` implementation does not resolve the object type (i.e. `T`), extra care is necessary.
LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean factoryBean = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
factoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource);
factoryBean.setManagedTypes(managedTypes);
return factoryBean;
}
----
======
[[aot.hints]]
== Runtime Hints
Running an application as a native image requires additional information compared to a regular JVM runtime.
For instance, GraalVM needs to know ahead of time if a component uses reflection.
Similarly, classpath resources are not shipped in a native image unless specified explicitly.
Consequently, if the application needs to load a resource, it must be referenced from the corresponding GraalVM native image configuration file.
The {api-spring-framework}/aot/hint/RuntimeHints.html[`RuntimeHints`] API collects the need for reflection, resource loading, serialization, and JDK proxies at runtime.
The following example makes sure that `config/app.properties` can be loaded from the classpath at runtime within a native image:
A number of contracts are handled automatically during AOT processing.
For instance, the return type of a `@Controller` method is inspected, and relevant reflection hints are added if Spring detects that the type should be serialized (typically to JSON).
For cases that the core container cannot infer, you can register such hints programmatically.
A number of convenient annotations are also provided for common use cases.
[[aot.hints.import-runtime-hints]]
=== `@ImportRuntimeHints`
`RuntimeHintsRegistrar` implementations allow you to get a callback to the `RuntimeHints` instance managed by the AOT engine.
Implementations of this interface can be registered using `@ImportRuntimeHints` on any Spring bean or `@Bean` factory method.
`RuntimeHintsRegistrar` implementations are detected and invoked at build time.
include-code::./SpellCheckService[]
If at all possible, `@ImportRuntimeHints` should be used as close as possible to the component that requires the hints.
This way, if the component is not contributed to the `BeanFactory`, the hints won't be contributed either.
It is also possible to register an implementation statically by adding an entry in `META-INF/spring/aot.factories` with a key equal to the fully qualified name of the `RuntimeHintsRegistrar` interface.
[[aot.hints.reflective]]
=== `@Reflective`
{api-spring-framework}/aot/hint/annotation/Reflective.html[`@Reflective`] provides an idiomatic way to flag the need for reflection on an annotated element.
For instance, `@EventListener` is meta-annotated with `@Reflective` since the underlying implementation invokes the annotated method using reflection.
By default, only Spring beans are considered and an invocation hint is registered for the annotated element.
This can be tuned by specifying a custom `ReflectiveProcessor` implementation via the
`@Reflective` annotation.
Library authors can reuse this annotation for their own purposes.
If components other than Spring beans need to be processed, a `BeanFactoryInitializationAotProcessor` can detect the relevant types and use `ReflectiveRuntimeHintsRegistrar` to process them.
[[aot.hints.register-reflection-for-binding]]
=== `@RegisterReflectionForBinding`
{api-spring-framework}/aot/hint/annotation/RegisterReflectionForBinding.html[`@RegisterReflectionForBinding`] is a specialization of `@Reflective` that registers the need for serializing arbitrary types.
A typical use case is the use of DTOs that the container cannot infer, such as using a web client within a method body.
`@RegisterReflectionForBinding` can be applied to any Spring bean at the class level, but it can also be applied directly to a method, field, or constructor to better indicate where the hints are actually required.
The following example registers `Account` for serialization.
With `RuntimeHintsPredicates`, we can check for reflection, resource, serialization, or proxy generation hints.
This approach works well for unit tests but implies that the runtime behavior of a component is well known.
You can learn more about the global runtime behavior of an application by running its test suite (or the app itself) with the {docs-graalvm}/native-image/metadata/AutomaticMetadataCollection/[GraalVM tracing agent].
This agent will record all relevant calls requiring GraalVM hints at runtime and write them out as JSON configuration files.
For more targeted discovery and testing, Spring Framework ships a dedicated module with core AOT testing utilities, `"org.springframework:spring-core-test"`.
This module contains the RuntimeHints Agent, a Java agent that records all method invocations that are related to runtime hints and helps you to assert that a given `RuntimeHints` instance covers all recorded invocations.
Let's consider a piece of infrastructure for which we'd like to test the hints we're contributing during the AOT processing phase.
include-code::./SampleReflection[]
We can then write a unit test (no native compilation required) that checks our contributed hints:
This element activates the replacement of `${...}` placeholders, which are resolved against a
specified properties file (as a xref:web/webflux-webclient/client-builder.adoc#webflux-client-builder-reactor-resources[Spring resource location]). This element
is a convenience mechanism that sets up a xref:core/beans/factory-extension.adoc#beans-factory-placeholderconfigurer[`PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer`]
for you. If you need more control over the specific
`PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer` setup, you can explicitly define it as a bean yourself.
[WARNING]
=====
Only one such element should be defined for a given application with the properties
that it needs. Several property placeholders can be configured as long as they have distinct
placeholder syntax (`${...}`).
If you need to modularize the source of properties used for the replacement, you should
not create multiple properties placeholders. Rather, each module should contribute a
`PropertySource` to the `Environment`. Alternatively, you can create your own
`PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer` bean that gathers the properties to use.
=====
[[xsd-schemas-context-ac]]
=== Using `<annotation-config/>`
This element activates the Spring infrastructure to detect annotations in bean classes:
* Spring's xref:core/beans/basics.adoc#beans-factory-metadata[`@Configuration`] model
* xref:core/beans/annotation-config.adoc[`@Autowired`/`@Inject`], `@Value`, and `@Lookup`
* JSR-250's `@Resource`, `@PostConstruct`, and `@PreDestroy` (if available)
* JAX-WS's `@WebServiceRef` and EJB 3's `@EJB` (if available)
* JPA's `@PersistenceContext` and `@PersistenceUnit` (if available)
you can use the <<data-access.adoc#tx-decl-explained, `<tx:annotation-driven/>`>>
element for that purpose. Similarly, Spring's
xref:integration/cache/annotations.adoc[caching annotations] need to be explicitly
xref:integration/cache/annotations.adoc#cache-annotation-enable[enabled] as well.
[[xsd-schemas-context-component-scan]]
=== Using `<component-scan/>`
This element is detailed in the section on xref:core/beans/annotation-config.adoc[annotation-based container configuration]
.
[[xsd-schemas-context-ltw]]
=== Using `<load-time-weaver/>`
This element is detailed in the section on xref:core/aop/using-aspectj.adoc#aop-aj-ltw[load-time weaving with AspectJ in the Spring Framework]
.
[[xsd-schemas-context-sc]]
=== Using `<spring-configured/>`
This element is detailed in the section on xref:core/aop/using-aspectj.adoc#aop-atconfigurable[using AspectJ to dependency inject domain objects with Spring]
.
[[xsd-schemas-context-mbe]]
=== Using `<mbean-export/>`
This element is detailed in the section on xref:integration/jmx/naming.adoc#jmx-context-mbeanexport[configuring annotation-based MBean export]
.
[[xsd-schemas-beans]]
== The Beans Schema
Last but not least, we have the elements in the `beans` schema. These elements
have been in Spring since the very dawn of the framework. Examples of the various elements
in the `beans` schema are not shown here because they are quite comprehensively covered
in xref:core/beans/dependencies/factory-properties-detailed.adoc[dependencies and configuration in detail]
(and, indeed, in that entire xref:web/webmvc-view/mvc-xslt.adoc#mvc-view-xslt-beandefs[chapter]).
Note that you can add zero or more key-value pairs to `<bean/>` XML definitions.
What, if anything, is done with this extra metadata is totally up to your own custom
logic (and so is typically only of use if you write your own custom elements as described
in the appendix entitled xref:core/appendix/xml-custom.adoc[XML Schema Authoring]).
The following example shows the `<meta/>` element in the context of a surrounding `<bean/>`
(note that, without any logic to interpret it, the metadata is effectively useless
.Are annotations better than XML for configuring Spring?
****
The introduction of annotation-based configuration raised the question of whether this
approach is "`better`" than XML. The short answer is "`it depends.`" The long answer is
that each approach has its pros and cons, and, usually, it is up to the developer to
decide which strategy suits them better. Due to the way they are defined, annotations
provide a lot of context in their declaration, leading to shorter and more concise
configuration. However, XML excels at wiring up components without touching their source
code or recompiling them. Some developers prefer having the wiring close to the source
while others argue that annotated classes are no longer POJOs and, furthermore, that the
configuration becomes decentralized and harder to control.
No matter the choice, Spring can accommodate both styles and even mix them together.
It is worth pointing out that through its xref:core/beans/java.adoc[JavaConfig] option, Spring lets
annotations be used in a non-invasive way, without touching the target components'
source code and that, in terms of tooling, all configuration styles are supported by
https://spring.io/tools[Spring Tools] for Eclipse, Visual Studio Code, and Theia.
****
An alternative to XML setup is provided by annotation-based configuration, which relies
on bytecode metadata for wiring up components instead of XML declarations. Instead of
using XML to describe a bean wiring, the developer moves the configuration into the
component class itself by using annotations on the relevant class, method, or field
declaration. As mentioned in xref:core/beans/factory-extension.adoc#beans-factory-extension-bpp-examples-aabpp[Example: The `AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor`], using a
`BeanPostProcessor` in conjunction with annotations is a common means of extending the
Spring IoC container. For example, the xref:core/beans/annotation-config/autowired.adoc[`@Autowired`]
annotation provides the same capabilities as described in xref:core/beans/dependencies/factory-autowire.adoc[Autowiring Collaborators] but
with more fine-grained control and wider applicability. In addition, Spring provides
support for JSR-250 annotations, such as `@PostConstruct` and `@PreDestroy`, as well as
support for JSR-330 (Dependency Injection for Java) annotations contained in the
`jakarta.inject` package such as `@Inject` and `@Named`. Details about those annotations
can be found in the xref:core/beans/standard-annotations.adoc[relevant section].
[NOTE]
====
Annotation injection is performed before XML injection. Thus, the XML configuration
overrides the annotations for properties wired through both approaches.
====
As always, you can register the post-processors as individual bean definitions, but they
can also be implicitly registered by including the following tag in an XML-based Spring
configuration (notice the inclusion of the `context` namespace):
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