Update version to 3.0.0RC.

We don't want to increase number of files that should be compiled by C++
compiler when `enable_cxx_exception` is turned on.

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+name: Build & Test
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  Check-Skip:
+    if: |
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]') &&
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip ci]') &&
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip gha]')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - run: echo not skip
+
+  Ubuntu-1604:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: ubuntu-16.04
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: gcc
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  Ubuntu-1804-gcc:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: ubuntu-18.04
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: gcc
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  Ubuntu-1804-clang:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: ubuntu-18.04
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: clang
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  macOS:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: clang
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  Windows-MinGW:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: gcc
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  Windows-Cygwin:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    env:
+      ACTIONS_ALLOW_UNSECURE_COMMANDS: true
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: gcc
+      installer-path: '%TMP%\cygwin-setup.exe'
+      cygwin-root: C:\cygwin
+      package-dir: C:\cygwin-package
+      cache-version: v1
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.package-dir }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-cygwin-${{ env.cache-version }}
+      - name: Download Cygwin installer
+        shell: cmd
+        run: >
+          bitsadmin /transfer download /priority foreground
+          https://cygwin.com/setup-x86_64.exe ${{ env.installer-path }}
+      - name: Install Cygwin
+        shell: cmd
+        run: >
+          ${{ env.installer-path }}
+          --quiet-mode --no-shortcuts --no-startmenu --no-desktop --no-admin
+          --only-site --site http://mirrors.kernel.org/sourceware/cygwin/
+          --root ${{ env.cygwin-root }}
+          --local-package-dir ${{ env.package-dir }}
+          --packages gcc-core,gcc-g++,ruby
+      - name: Set PATH for Cygwin
+        run: |
+          echo '::set-env name=PATH::${{ env.cygwin-root }}\bin;${{ env.cygwin-root }}\usr\bin'
+      - name: Ruby version
+        shell: cmd
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        shell: cmd
+        run: ruby /usr/bin/rake -m test:build && ruby /usr/bin/rake test:run
+      - name: Set PATH for cache archiving (tar)
+        # set Windows path so that Cygwin tar is not used for cache archiving
+        run: echo '::set-env name=PATH::C:\windows\System32'
+
+  Windows-VC:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/msvc
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Build and test
+        shell: cmd
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
+          rake -m test:build && rake test:run

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+name: "Code scanning - action"
+
+on:
+  push:
+  pull_request:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 19 * * 4'
+
+jobs:
+  CodeQL-Build:
+    if: |
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]') &&
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip ci]') &&
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip gha]')
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
+          # a pull request then we can checkout the head.
+          fetch-depth: 2
+
+      # If this run was triggered by a pull request event, then checkout
+      # the head of the pull request instead of the merge commit.
+      - run: git checkout HEAD^2
+        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+
+      # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
+      - name: Initialize CodeQL
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
+        # Override language selection by uncommenting this and choosing your languages
+        # with:
+        #   languages: go, javascript, csharp, python, cpp, java
+
+      # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
+      # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
+      - name: Autobuild
+        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v1
+
+      # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
+      # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
+
+      # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines
+      #    and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project
+      #    uses a compiled language
+
+      # - run: |
+      #    make bootstrap
+      #    make release
+
+      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+name: ❄️ Lint
+
+on: [pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  yamllint:
+    name: 🍶 YAML
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: 🧹 YAML Lint
+        uses: ibiqlik/action-yamllint@v3
+  markdownlint:
+    name: 🍸 Markdown
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: 🚀 Use Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v2.1.4
+        with:
+          node-version: '12.x'
+      - run: npm install -g markdownlint-cli@0.25.0
+      - run: markdownlint '**/*.md'

.github/workflows/oss-fuzz.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+name: CIFuzz
+on: [pull_request]
+jobs:
+  Fuzzing:
+    if: |
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]') &&
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip ci]') &&
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip gha]')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Build Fuzzers
+        uses: google/oss-fuzz/infra/cifuzz/actions/build_fuzzers@master
+        with:
+          oss-fuzz-project-name: 'mruby'
+          dry-run: false
+      - name: Run Fuzzers
+        uses: google/oss-fuzz/infra/cifuzz/actions/run_fuzzers@master
+        with:
+          oss-fuzz-project-name: 'mruby'
+          fuzz-seconds: 600
+          dry-run: false
+      - name: Upload Crash
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
+        if: failure()
+        with:
+          name: artifacts
+          path: ./out/artifacts

.github/workflows/spell-checker.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+name: 💎 Spellchecker
+
+on: [pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  misspell:
+    name: 🧹 Check Spelling
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: 🍒 Check Out
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: 🍅 Install
+        run: |
+          wget -O - -q https://git.io/misspell | sh -s -- -b .
+      - name: 🌶️ Misspell
+        run: |
+          git ls-files --empty-directory | xargs ./misspell -error

.gitignore

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-# /
+*.lock
 *.bak
+*.bc
 *.d
+*.i
 *.o
-/benchmark/**/*.dat
-/benchmark/*.pdf
-/benchmark/*.png
 *.orig
 *.pdb
 *.rej
+*.s
 *.sav
 *.swp
 *.tmp
@@ -15,13 +15,23 @@
 .DS_Store
 .ccmalloc
 .svn
-/.git
+.vscode
+.yardoc
+.ccls*
+compile_flags.txt
+compile_commands.json
 cscope.files
 cscope.out
 tags
-/src/y.tab.c
+
+/.git
 /bin
 /build
 /mruby-source-*.gem
-doc/api
-.yardoc
+
+/benchmark/**/*.dat
+/benchmark/*.pdf
+/benchmark/*.png
+
+/doc/api
+/doc/capi

.markdownlint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+MD001: false
+MD003: false
+MD004: false
+MD005: false
+MD007: false
+MD010: false
+MD011: false
+MD013: false
+MD014: false
+MD024: false
+MD025: false
+MD026: false
+MD034: false
+MD040: false
+MD041: false
+MD046: false

.travis.yml

@@ -1,20 +1,11 @@
 language: c
 
-sudo: false
-
-matrix:
-  include:
-    - os: linux
-      sudo: 9000
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode7.1
-
-addons:
-  apt:
-    packages:
-      - gperf
+jobs:
+  - os: linux
+  - os: osx
 
 env:
-    MRUBY_CONFIG=travis_config.rb
-env: MRUBY_CONFIG=travis_config.rb
-script: "./minirake all test"
+  - MRUBY_CONFIG=ci/gcc-clang
+
+script:
+  - rake -m test:build && rake test:run

.yamllint

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+
+extends: default
+
+rules:
+  document-start: disable
+  line-length: disable
+  truthy: false

.yardopts

@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@ mrbgems/*/mrblib/**/*.rb
 mrbgems/*/include/**/*.h
 -
 AUTHORS
-MITL
+LICENSE
 CONTRIBUTING.md
 doc/guides/*.md

AUTHORS

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
-Original Authors "mruby developers" are:
-   Yukihiro Matsumoto
+This is the (likely incomplete) list of "mruby developers".
+If you submit a patch to mruby, please add your name to the end
+of this list.
+
+   Yukihiro Matsumoto (Matz)
    SCSK KYUSHU CORPORATION
    Kyushu Institute of Technology
    Network Applied Communication Laboratory, Inc.
@@ -38,3 +41,8 @@ Original Authors "mruby developers" are:
    Christopher Aue
    Masahiro Wakame
    YAMAMOTO Masaya
+   KOBAYASHI Shuji
+   RIZAL Reckordp
+   Rory O'Connell
+   John Bampton
+   Seeker

CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*   @matz

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # How to contribute
 
 mruby is an open-source project which is looking forward to each contribution.
+Contributors agree to license their contribution(s) under MIT license.
 
 ## Your Pull Request
 
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ things in mind before submitting your pull request:
 
 * Work on the latest possible state of **mruby/master**
 * Create a branch which is dedicated to your change
-* Test your changes before creating a pull request (```./minirake test```)
+* Test your changes before creating a pull request (```rake test```)
 * If possible write a test case which confirms your change
 * Don't mix several features or bug-fixes in one pull request
 * Create a meaningful commit message
@@ -33,9 +34,11 @@ mruby should be highly portable to other systems and compilers. For this it is
 recommended to keep your code as close as possible to the C99 standard
 (http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/WG14/www/docs/n1256.pdf).
 
-Although we target C99, Visual C++ is also an important target for mruby. For
-this reason a declaration of a local variable has to be at the beginning of a
-scope block.
+Visual C++ is also an important target for mruby (supported version is 2013 or
+later). For this reason features that are not supported by Visual C++ may not
+be used (e.g. `%z` of `strftime()`).
+
+NOTE: Old GCC requires `-std=gnu99` option to enable C99 support.
 
 #### Reduce library dependencies to a minimum
 
@@ -43,19 +46,15 @@ The dependencies to libraries should be kept to an absolute minimum. This
 increases the portability but makes it also easier to cut away parts of mruby
 on-demand.
 
-#### Don't use C++ style comments
-
-    /* This is the preferred comment style */
-
-Use C++ style comments only for temporary comment e.g. commenting out some code lines.
-
-#### Insert a break after the method return value:
+#### Insert a break after the function return value:
 
+    ```C
     int
     main(void)
     {
       ...
     }
+    ```
 
 ### Ruby code
 
@@ -65,4 +64,5 @@ language itself. Please note the following hints for your Ruby code:
 #### Comply with the Ruby standard (ISO/IEC 30170:2012)
 
 mruby is currently targeting to execute Ruby code which complies to ISO/IEC
-30170:2012 (http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59579).
+30170:2012 (https://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59579),
+unless there's a clear reason, e.g. the latest Ruby has changed behavior from ISO.

LEGAL

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ LEGAL NOTICE INFORMATION
 ------------------------
 
 All the files in this distribution are covered under the MIT license
-(see the file MITL) except some files mentioned below:
+(see the file LICENSE) except some files mentioned below:
 

LICENSE

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2018 mruby developers
+Copyright (c) 2010-2021 mruby developers
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),

Makefile

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-# mruby is using Rake (http://rake.rubyforge.org) as a build tool.
-# We provide a minimalistic version called minirake inside of our
-# codebase.
+# mruby is using Rake (https://ruby.github.io/rake/) as a build tool.
 
-RAKE = ruby ./minirake
+RAKE = rake
 
 all :
 	$(RAKE)

README.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 ## What is mruby
 
 mruby is the lightweight implementation of the Ruby language complying to (part
-of) the [ISO standard][ISO-standard]. Its syntax is Ruby 1.9 compatible.
+of) the [ISO standard][ISO-standard]. Its syntax is Ruby 2.x compatible.
 
 mruby can be linked and embedded within your application.  We provide the
 interpreter program "mruby" and the interactive mruby shell "mirb" as examples.
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan.
 
 ## How to get mruby
 
-The stable version 1.4.1 of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL: [https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/1.4.1.zip](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/1.4.1.zip)
+The releace candidate version 3.0.0 of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL: [https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/3.0.0-rc.zip](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/3.0.0-rc.zip)
+
+The stable version 2.1.2 of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL: [https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/2.1.2.zip](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/2.1.2.zip)
 
 The latest development version of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL: [https://github.com/mruby/mruby/zipball/master](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/zipball/master)
 
@@ -30,36 +32,39 @@ You can also install and compile mruby using [ruby-install](https://github.com/p
 
 ## mruby home-page
 
-The URL of the mruby home-page is: [http://www.mruby.org](http://www.mruby.org).
+The URL of the mruby home-page is: https://mruby.org.
 
 ## Mailing list
 
-We don't have a mailing list, but you can use [GitHub issues](https://github.com/mruby/mruby).
+We don't have a mailing list, but you can use [GitHub issues](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues).
 
-## How to compile and install (mruby and gems)
+## How to compile, test, and install (mruby and gems)
 
-See the [doc/guides/compile.md](doc/guides/compile.md) file.
+See the [compile.md](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/doc/guides/compile.md) file.
 
-## Running Tests
+## Building documentation
 
-To run the tests, execute the following from the project's root directory.
+There are two sets of documentation in mruby: the mruby API (generated by yard) and C API (Doxygen)
 
-    $ make test
+To build both of them, simply go
 
-Or
+    rake doc
 
-    $ ruby ./minirake test
+You can also view them in your browser
+
+    rake view_api
+    rake view_capi
 
 ## How to customize mruby (mrbgems)
 
 mruby contains a package manager called *mrbgems*. To create extensions
 in C and/or Ruby you should create a *GEM*. For a documentation of how to
-use mrbgems consult the file [doc/guides/mrbgems.md](doc/guides/mrbgems.md). For example code of
-how to use mrbgems look into the folder *examples/mrbgems/*.
+use mrbgems consult the file [mrbgems.md](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/doc/guides/mrbgems.md).
+For example code of how to use mrbgems look into the folder *examples/mrbgems/*.
 
 ## License
 
-mruby is released under the [MIT License](MITL).
+mruby is released under the [MIT License](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/LICENSE).
 
 ## Note for License
 
@@ -81,12 +86,12 @@ Please ask us if you want to distribute your code under another license.
 ## How to Contribute
 
 See the [contribution guidelines][contribution-guidelines], and then send a pull
-request to <http://github.com/mruby/mruby>.  We consider you have granted
+request to <https://github.com/mruby/mruby>.  We consider you have granted
 non-exclusive right to your contributed code under MIT license.  If you want to
 be named as one of mruby developers, please include an update to the AUTHORS
 file in your pull request.
 
-[ISO-standard]: http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59579
+[ISO-standard]: https://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59579
 [build-status-img]: https://travis-ci.org/mruby/mruby.svg?branch=master
-[contribution-guidelines]: CONTRIBUTING.md
+[contribution-guidelines]: https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md
 [travis-ci]: https://travis-ci.org/mruby/mruby

Rakefile

@@ -5,15 +5,16 @@ MRUBY_ROOT = File.dirname(File.expand_path(__FILE__))
 MRUBY_BUILD_HOST_IS_CYGWIN = RUBY_PLATFORM.include?('cygwin')
 MRUBY_BUILD_HOST_IS_OPENBSD = RUBY_PLATFORM.include?('openbsd')
 
+Rake.verbose(false) if Rake.verbose == Rake::DSL::DEFAULT
+
 $LOAD_PATH << File.join(MRUBY_ROOT, "lib")
 
 # load build systems
-require "mruby-core-ext"
+require "mruby/core_ext"
 require "mruby/build"
-require "mruby/gem"
 
 # load configuration file
-MRUBY_CONFIG = (ENV['MRUBY_CONFIG'] && ENV['MRUBY_CONFIG'] != '') ? ENV['MRUBY_CONFIG'] : "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/build_config.rb"
+MRUBY_CONFIG = MRuby::Build.mruby_config_path
 load MRUBY_CONFIG
 
 # load basic rules
@@ -22,131 +23,48 @@ MRuby.each_target do |build|
 end
 
 # load custom rules
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/src/mruby_core.rake"
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/mrblib/mrblib.rake"
-
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/core.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/mrblib.rake"
 load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/mrbgems.rake"
 load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/libmruby.rake"
-
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/bin.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/presym.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/test.rake"
 load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/benchmark.rake"
-
 load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/gitlab.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/doc.rake"
 
 ##############################
 # generic build targets, rules
 task :default => :all
 
-bin_path = ENV['INSTALL_DIR'] || "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/bin"
-FileUtils.mkdir_p bin_path, { :verbose => $verbose }
-
-depfiles = MRuby.targets['host'].bins.map do |bin|
-  install_path = MRuby.targets['host'].exefile("#{bin_path}/#{bin}")
-  source_path = MRuby.targets['host'].exefile("#{MRuby.targets['host'].build_dir}/bin/#{bin}")
-
-  file install_path => source_path do |t|
-    FileUtils.rm_f t.name, { :verbose => $verbose }
-    FileUtils.cp t.prerequisites.first, t.name, { :verbose => $verbose }
-  end
-
-  install_path
-end
-
-MRuby.each_target do |target|
-  gems.map do |gem|
-    current_dir = gem.dir.relative_path_from(Dir.pwd)
-    relative_from_root = gem.dir.relative_path_from(MRUBY_ROOT)
-    current_build_dir = File.expand_path "#{build_dir}/#{relative_from_root}"
-
-    if current_build_dir !~ /^#{build_dir}/
-      current_build_dir = "#{build_dir}/mrbgems/#{gem.name}"
-    end
-
-    gem.bins.each do |bin|
-      exec = exefile("#{build_dir}/bin/#{bin}")
-      objs = Dir.glob("#{current_dir}/tools/#{bin}/*.{c,cpp,cxx,cc}").map { |f| objfile(f.pathmap("#{current_build_dir}/tools/#{bin}/%n")) }
-
-      file exec => objs + [libfile("#{build_dir}/lib/libmruby")] do |t|
-        gem_flags = gems.map { |g| g.linker.flags }
-        gem_flags_before_libraries = gems.map { |g| g.linker.flags_before_libraries }
-        gem_flags_after_libraries = gems.map { |g| g.linker.flags_after_libraries }
-        gem_libraries = gems.map { |g| g.linker.libraries }
-        gem_library_paths = gems.map { |g| g.linker.library_paths }
-        linker.run t.name, t.prerequisites, gem_libraries, gem_library_paths, gem_flags, gem_flags_before_libraries, gem_flags_after_libraries
-      end
-
-      if target == MRuby.targets['host']
-        install_path = MRuby.targets['host'].exefile("#{bin_path}/#{bin}")
-
-        file install_path => exec do |t|
-          FileUtils.rm_f t.name, { :verbose => $verbose }
-          FileUtils.cp t.prerequisites.first, t.name, { :verbose => $verbose }
-        end
-        depfiles += [ install_path ]
-      elsif target == MRuby.targets['host-debug']
-        unless MRuby.targets['host'].gems.map {|g| g.bins}.include?([bin])
-          install_path = MRuby.targets['host-debug'].exefile("#{bin_path}/#{bin}")
-
-          file install_path => exec do |t|
-            FileUtils.rm_f t.name, { :verbose => $verbose }
-            FileUtils.cp t.prerequisites.first, t.name, { :verbose => $verbose }
-          end
-          depfiles += [ install_path ]
-        end
-      else
-        depfiles += [ exec ]
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-depfiles += MRuby.targets.map { |n, t|
-  [t.libfile("#{t.build_dir}/lib/libmruby")]
-}.flatten
-
-depfiles += MRuby.targets.reject { |n, t| n == 'host' }.map { |n, t|
-  t.bins.map { |bin| t.exefile("#{t.build_dir}/bin/#{bin}") }
-}.flatten
-
 desc "build all targets, install (locally) in-repo"
-task :all => depfiles do
+task :all => :gensym do
+  Rake::Task[:build].invoke
   puts
   puts "Build summary:"
   puts
-  MRuby.each_target do
-    print_build_summary
+  MRuby.each_target do |build|
+    build.print_build_summary
   end
+  MRuby::Lockfile.write
 end
 
-desc "run all mruby tests"
-task :test => ["all"] do
-  MRuby.each_target do
-    run_test if test_enabled?
-  end
-end
+task :build => MRuby.targets.flat_map{|_, build| build.products}
 
 desc "clean all built and in-repo installed artifacts"
 task :clean do
-  MRuby.each_target do |t|
-    FileUtils.rm_rf t.build_dir, { :verbose => $verbose }
+  MRuby.each_target do |build|
+    rm_rf build.build_dir
+    rm_f build.products
   end
-  FileUtils.rm_f depfiles, { :verbose => $verbose }
   puts "Cleaned up target build folder"
 end
 
 desc "clean everything!"
-task :deep_clean => ["clean"] do
-  MRuby.each_target do |t|
-    FileUtils.rm_rf t.gem_clone_dir, { :verbose => $verbose }
+task :deep_clean => %w[clean doc:clean] do
+  MRuby.each_target do |build|
+    rm_rf build.gem_clone_dir
   end
   puts "Cleaned up mrbgems build folder"
 end
-
-desc 'generate document'
-task :doc do
-  begin
-    sh "mrbdoc"
-  rescue
-    puts "ERROR: To generate documents, you should install yard-mruby gem."
-    puts "  $ gem install yard-mruby"
-  end
-end

TODO

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-Things to do (Things that are not done yet)
-
-* special variables ($1,$2..)
-* super in aliased methods
-* multi-assignment decomposing
-* keyword arguments in def statement
-
-Things to improve (Done but things to fix)
-
-* Make additions as they are noticed.

TODO.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Thing to Do in the future
+===
+
+# After mruby 3.0
+
+* replace `fp_fmt.c` by `float_format` (https://github.com/dhylands/format-float.git)
+* multi-precision integer
+* WORD_BOXING: Pack some floats in `mrb_value`
+* NAN_BOXING: Allow `MRB_INT64` along with NaN boxing
+* keyword arguments a la Ruby3.0 (using `OP_SENDVK`)
+* parser and code generator independent from `mrb_state` (mmruby?)
+
+# Things to do (Things that are not done yet)
+
+* `begin ... end while cond` to behave as CRuby
+* special variables ($1,$2..)
+* super in aliased methods

appveyor.yml

@@ -1,38 +1,45 @@
 version: "{build}"
 
-os: Visual Studio 2015
-
-clone_depth: 50
-
-
-cache:
-  - win_flex_bison-2.5.10.zip
-
+shallow_clone: true
 
 environment:
   matrix:
-    # Visual Studio 2015 64bit
-    - visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat
-      machine: amd64
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2019 64bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2019
 
-    # Visual Studio 2013 64bit
-    - visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat
-      machine: amd64
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2019 32bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars32.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2019
 
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2017 64bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2017
+
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2017 32bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars32.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2017
+
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2015 64bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2015
+      machine: x86_amd64
+
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2015 32bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2015
+      machine: x86
 
 init:
   - call "%visualcpp%" %machine%
-  # For using Rubyinstaller's Ruby 2.4 64bit
-  - set PATH=C:\Ruby24-x64\bin;%PATH%
+  # For using Rubyins4aller's Ruby 2.6 64bit
+  # 2.6 is the highest supported Ruby version across all historical
+  # Visual Studio AppVeyor images. Ruby 2.7 is only on the 2019 image.
+  - set PATH=C:\Ruby26-x64\bin;%PATH%
   - ruby --version
 
 
-install:
-  - if not exist win_flex_bison-2.5.10.zip appveyor DownloadFile "https://github.com/lexxmark/winflexbison/releases/download/v.2.5.10/win_flex_bison-2.5.10.zip"
-  - 7z x -y -owin_flex_bison win_flex_bison-2.5.10.zip > nul
-
-
 build_script:
-  - set YACC=.\win_flex_bison\win_bison.exe
-  - set MRUBY_CONFIG=appveyor_config.rb
-  - ruby .\minirake test all
+  - set MRUBY_CONFIG=ci/msvc
+  - rake -m test:build
+  - rake test:run

benchmark/bm_ao_render.rb

@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ class Scene
       w.times do |x|
         rad = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
 
-        # Subsmpling
+        # Subsampling
         nsubsamples.times do |v|
           nsubsamples.times do |u|
             cnt = cnt + 1

benchmark/bm_app_lc_fizzbuzz.rb

@@ -48,5 +48,4 @@ answer = to_array(solution).map do |p|
   to_string(p)
 end
 
-answer_str = answer.to_a
-# puts answer_str
+# puts answer

benchmark/build_config_boxing.rb

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
-end
-
-MRuby::Build.new('no_boxing') do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
-
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-end
-
-MRuby::Build.new('word_boxing') do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
-
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-  conf.compilers.each do |c|
-    c.defines += %w(MRB_WORD_BOXING)
-  end
-end
-
-MRuby::Build.new('nan_boxing') do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
-
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-  conf.compilers.each do |c|
-    c.defines += %w(MRB_NAN_BOXING)
-  end
-end
-

build_config.rb

@@ -1,151 +1,9 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-  # load specific toolchain settings
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # Use mrbgems
-  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example'
-  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_extension_example' do |g|
-  #   g.cc.flags << '-g' # append cflags in this gem
-  # end
-  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example'
-  # conf.gem :core => 'mruby-eval'
-  # conf.gem :mgem => 'mruby-io'
-  # conf.gem :github => 'iij/mruby-io'
-  # conf.gem :git => 'git@github.com:iij/mruby-io.git', :branch => 'master', :options => '-v'
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-  # C compiler settings
-  # conf.cc do |cc|
-  #   cc.command = ENV['CC'] || 'gcc'
-  #   cc.flags = [ENV['CFLAGS'] || %w()]
-  #   cc.include_paths = ["#{root}/include"]
-  #   cc.defines = %w(DISABLE_GEMS)
-  #   cc.option_include_path = '-I%s'
-  #   cc.option_define = '-D%s'
-  #   cc.compile_options = "%{flags} -MMD -o %{outfile} -c %{infile}"
-  # end
-
-  # mrbc settings
-  # conf.mrbc do |mrbc|
-  #   mrbc.compile_options = "-g -B%{funcname} -o-" # The -g option is required for line numbers
-  # end
-
-  # Linker settings
-  # conf.linker do |linker|
-  #   linker.command = ENV['LD'] || 'gcc'
-  #   linker.flags = [ENV['LDFLAGS'] || []]
-  #   linker.flags_before_libraries = []
-  #   linker.libraries = %w()
-  #   linker.flags_after_libraries = []
-  #   linker.library_paths = []
-  #   linker.option_library = '-l%s'
-  #   linker.option_library_path = '-L%s'
-  #   linker.link_options = "%{flags} -o %{outfile} %{objs} %{libs}"
-  # end
-
-  # Archiver settings
-  # conf.archiver do |archiver|
-  #   archiver.command = ENV['AR'] || 'ar'
-  #   archiver.archive_options = 'rs %{outfile} %{objs}'
-  # end
-
-  # Parser generator settings
-  # conf.yacc do |yacc|
-  #   yacc.command = ENV['YACC'] || 'bison'
-  #   yacc.compile_options = '-o %{outfile} %{infile}'
-  # end
-
-  # gperf settings
-  # conf.gperf do |gperf|
-  #   gperf.command = 'gperf'
-  #   gperf.compile_options = '-L ANSI-C -C -p -j1 -i 1 -g -o -t -N mrb_reserved_word -k"1,3,$" %{infile} > %{outfile}'
-  # end
-
-  # file extensions
-  # conf.exts do |exts|
-  #   exts.object = '.o'
-  #   exts.executable = '' # '.exe' if Windows
-  #   exts.library = '.a'
-  # end
-
-  # file separetor
-  # conf.file_separator = '/'
-
-  # bintest
-  # conf.enable_bintest
-end
-
-MRuby::Build.new('host-debug') do |conf|
-  # load specific toolchain settings
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-  # C compiler settings
-  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK)
-
-  # Generate mruby debugger command (require mruby-eval)
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-bin-debugger"
-
-  # bintest
-  # conf.enable_bintest
-end
-
-MRuby::Build.new('test') do |conf|
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-  conf.enable_bintest
-  conf.enable_test
-
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-end
-
-#MRuby::Build.new('bench') do |conf|
-#  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-#  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-#    toolchain :visualcpp
-#  else
-#    toolchain :gcc
-#    conf.cc.flags << '-O3'
-#  end
+# The default build configuration file was moved to `build_config/default.rb`.
 #
-#  conf.gembox 'default'
-#end
-
-# Define cross build settings
-# MRuby::CrossBuild.new('32bit') do |conf|
-#   toolchain :gcc
-#
-#   conf.cc.flags << "-m32"
-#   conf.linker.flags << "-m32"
-#
-#   conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
-#
-#   conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example'
-#
-#   conf.test_runner.command = 'env'
-# end
+# Recommended way to customize the build configuration is:
+#  * copy `default.rb` (or any config file) to a new file (e.g. `myconfig.rb`)
+#  * edit `myconfig.rb`.
+#  * `rake MRUBY_CONFIG=/path/to/myconfig.rb` to compile and test.
+#  * or `rake MRUBY_CONFIG=myconfig` if your configuration file is in the `build_config` directory.
+#  * (optional) submit your configuration as a pull-request if it's useful for others
+raise "The default configuration was moved to `build_config/default.rb`"

build_config/ArduinoDue.rb

@@ -1,21 +1,5 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-end
-
 # Cross Compiling configuration for Arduino Due
-# http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDue
+# https://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDue
 #
 # Requires Arduino IDE >= 1.5
 MRuby::CrossBuild.new("ArduinoDue") do |conf|
@@ -42,14 +26,13 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("ArduinoDue") do |conf|
     cc.flags = %w(-g -Os -w -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -nostdlib --param max-inline-insns-single=500
                 -Dprintf=iprintf -mcpu=cortex-m3 -DF_CPU=84000000L -DARDUINO=156 -DARDUINO_SAM_DUE -DARDUINO_ARCH_SAM
                 -D__SAM3X8E__ -mthumb -DUSB_PID=0x003e -DUSB_VID=0x2341 -DUSBCON -DUSB_MANUFACTURER="Unknown" -DUSB_PRODUCT="Arduino Due")
-    cc.compile_options = "%{flags} -o %{outfile} -c %{infile}"
+    cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
 
     #configuration for low memory environment
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE=64)
     cc.defines << %w(KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE=8)
-    cc.defines << %w(MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE=20)
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_GC_STRESS)
-    #cc.defines << %w(MRB_DISABLE_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
+    #cc.defines << %w(MRB_NO_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
     #cc.defines << %w(POOL_PAGE_SIZE=1000) #effective only for use with mruby-eval
   end
 
@@ -64,7 +47,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("ArduinoDue") do |conf|
 
   conf.archiver do |archiver|
     archiver.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/arm-none-eabi-ar"
-    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs %{outfile} %{objs}'
+    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
   end
 
   #no executables

build_config/IntelEdison.rb

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
   toolchain :gcc
   conf.gembox 'default'
-  conf.cc.defines = %w(ENABLE_READLINE)
+  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_USE_READLINE)
   conf.gembox 'default'
 
   #lightweight regular expression
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new('core2-32-poky-linux') do |conf|
     cc.flags = %w(-m32 -march=core2 -mtune=core2 -msse3 -mfpmath=sse -mstackrealign -fno-omit-frame-pointer)
     cc.flags << %w(-O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types)
     cc.flags << "--sysroot=#{POKY_EDISON_SYSROOT}"
-    cc.compile_options = "%{flags} -o %{outfile} -c %{infile}"
-    cc.defines = %w(ENABLE_READLINE)
+    cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
+    cc.defines = %w(MRB_USE_READLINE)
   end
 
   conf.cxx do |cxx|
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new('core2-32-poky-linux') do |conf|
 
   conf.archiver do |archiver|
     archiver.command = "#{POKY_EDISON_BIN_PATH}/i586-poky-linux-ar"
-    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs %{outfile} %{objs}'
+    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
   end
 
   conf.linker do |linker|

build_config/IntelGalileo.rb

@@ -1,22 +1,5 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-end
-
-
 # Cross Compiling configuration for Intel Galileo on Arduino environment
-# http://arduino.cc/en/ArduinoCertified/IntelGalileo
+# https://arduino.cc/en/ArduinoCertified/IntelGalileo
 #
 # Requires Arduino IDE for Intel Galileo
 MRuby::CrossBuild.new("Galileo") do |conf|
@@ -39,7 +22,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("Galileo") do |conf|
     cc.flags = %w(-m32 -march=i586 -c -g -Os -w
               -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -MMD -DARDUINO=153)
     cc.flags << "--sysroot=#{GALILEO_SYSROOT}"
-    cc.compile_options = "%{flags} -o %{outfile} -c %{infile}"
+    cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
   end
 
   conf.cxx do |cxx|
@@ -54,7 +37,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("Galileo") do |conf|
 
   conf.archiver do |archiver|
     archiver.command = "#{GALILEO_BIN_PATH}/i586-poky-linux-uclibc-ar"
-    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs %{outfile} %{objs}'
+    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
   end
 
   conf.linker do |linker|

build_config/RX630.rb

@@ -1,19 +1,3 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-end
-
 # Cross Compiling configuration for RX630
 # http://gadget.renesas.com/
 #
@@ -27,15 +11,14 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("RX630") do |conf|
   conf.cc do |cc|
     cc.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/rx-elf-gcc"
     cc.flags = "-Wall -g -O2 -flto -mcpu=rx600 -m64bit-doubles"
-    cc.compile_options = "%{flags} -o %{outfile} -c %{infile}"
+    cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
 
     #configuration for low memory environment
-    cc.defines << %w(MRB_USE_FLOAT)
+    cc.defines << %w(MRB_USE_FLOAT32)
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE=64)
     cc.defines << %w(KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE=8)
-    cc.defines << %w(MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE=20)
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_GC_STRESS)
-    cc.defines << %w(MRB_DISABLE_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
+    cc.defines << %w(MRB_NO_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
     #cc.defines << %w(POOL_PAGE_SIZE=1000) #effective only for use with mruby-eval
   end
 
@@ -53,7 +36,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("RX630") do |conf|
 
   conf.archiver do |archiver|
     archiver.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/rx-elf-ar"
-    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs %{outfile} %{objs}'
+    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
   end
 
   #no executables

build_config/android_arm64-v8a.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Requires Android NDK r13 or later.
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-arm64-v8a') do |conf|
+  params = {
+    :arch => 'arm64-v8a',
+    :platform => 'android-24',
+    :toolchain => :clang,
+  }
+  toolchain :android, params
+
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+end

build_config/android_armeabi.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Requires Android NDK r13 or later.
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-armeabi') do |conf|
+  params = {
+    :arch => 'armeabi',
+    :platform => 'android-24',
+    :toolchain => :clang,
+  }
+  toolchain :android, params
+
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+end

build_config/android_armeabi_v7a_neon_hard.rb

@@ -1,18 +1,3 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-end
-
 # Requires Android NDK r13 or later.
 MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-armeabi-v7a-neon-hard') do |conf|
   params = {

build_config/bench.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+MRuby::Build.new('bench') do |conf|
+  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
+  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
+    toolchain :visualcpp
+  else
+    toolchain :gcc
+    conf.cc.flags << '-O3'
+  end
+
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+end

build_config/boxing.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+boxings = %w[no word nan]
+bits = [64, 32]
+ints = [64, 32]
+
+boxings.product(bits, ints) do |boxing, bit, int|
+  next if boxing == "nan" && int == 64
+
+  MRuby::Build.new("boxing-#{boxing}-m#{bit}-i#{int}") do |conf|
+    conf.toolchain :gcc
+    conf.gembox 'default'
+    conf.compilers.each do |c|
+      c.defines << "MRB_#{boxing.upcase}_BOXING"
+      c.defines << "MRB_INT#{int}"
+      c.flags << "-m#{bit}"
+    end
+    conf.linker.flags << "-m#{bit}"
+    conf.enable_debug
+    conf.enable_test
+    conf.enable_bintest
+  end
+end

build_config/chipKITMax32.rb

@@ -1,21 +1,5 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-end
-
 # Cross Compiling configuration for Digilent chipKIT Max32
-# http://www.digilentinc.com/Products/Detail.cfm?Prod=CHIPKIT-MAX32
+# https://www.digilentinc.com/Products/Detail.cfm?Prod=CHIPKIT-MAX32
 #
 # Requires MPIDE (https://github.com/chipKIT32/chipKIT32-MAX)
 #
@@ -39,14 +23,13 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("chipKITMax32") do |conf|
     cc.flags = %w(-O2 -mno-smart-io -w -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -g -mdebugger -Wcast-align
                 -fno-short-double -mprocessor=32MX795F512L -DF_CPU=80000000L -DARDUINO=23 -D_BOARD_MEGA_
                 -DMPIDEVER=0x01000202 -DMPIDE=23)
-    cc.compile_options = "%{flags} -o %{outfile} -c %{infile}"
+    cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
 
     #configuration for low memory environment
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE=64)
     cc.defines << %w(KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE=8)
-    cc.defines << %w(MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE=20)
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_GC_STRESS)
-    #cc.defines << %w(MRB_DISABLE_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
+    #cc.defines << %w(MRB_NO_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
     #cc.defines << %w(POOL_PAGE_SIZE=1000) #effective only for use with mruby-eval
   end
 
@@ -60,7 +43,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("chipKITMax32") do |conf|
 
   conf.archiver do |archiver|
     archiver.command = "#{PIC32_PATH}/compiler/pic32-tools/bin/pic32-ar"
-    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs %{outfile} %{objs}'
+    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
   end
 
   #no executables

build_config/ci/gcc-clang.rb

@@ -1,32 +1,22 @@
-MRuby::Build.new('debug') do |conf|
-  toolchain :visualcpp
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include all core GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'full-core'
-  conf.compilers.each do |c|
-    c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_STRESS MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA MRB_METHOD_CACHE)
-  end
-
-  build_mrbc_exec
-end
+STDOUT.sync = STDERR.sync = true unless Rake.application.options.always_multitask
 
 MRuby::Build.new('full-debug') do |conf|
-  toolchain :visualcpp
-  enable_debug
+  conf.toolchain
+  conf.enable_debug
 
   # include all core GEMs
   conf.gembox 'full-core'
-  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK)
+  conf.cc.defines += %w(MRB_GC_STRESS MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK)
 
   conf.enable_test
 end
 
 MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-  toolchain :visualcpp
+  conf.toolchain
 
   # include all core GEMs
   conf.gembox 'full-core'
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-debugger'
   conf.compilers.each do |c|
     c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA)
   end
@@ -35,16 +25,16 @@ MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
 end
 
 MRuby::Build.new('cxx_abi') do |conf|
-  toolchain :visualcpp
+  conf.toolchain
 
   conf.gembox 'full-core'
+  conf.cc.flags += %w(-fpermissive)
   conf.compilers.each do |c|
     c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA)
   end
-  conf.enable_bintest
   conf.enable_test
 
-  enable_cxx_abi
+  conf.enable_cxx_abi
 
-  build_mrbc_exec
+  conf.build_mrbc_exec
 end

build_config/ci/msvc.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+STDOUT.sync = STDERR.sync = true unless Rake.application.options.always_multitask
+
+def setup_option(conf)
+  conf.cc.compile_options.sub!(%r{/Zi }, "") unless ENV['CFLAGS']
+  conf.cxx.compile_options.sub!(%r{/Zi }, "") unless ENV['CFLAGS'] || ENV['CXXFLAGS']
+  conf.linker.flags << "/DEBUG:NONE" unless ENV['LDFLAGS']
+end
+
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :visualcpp
+
+  # include all core GEMs
+  conf.gembox 'full-core'
+  conf.compilers.each do |c|
+    c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA)
+  end
+  setup_option(conf)
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/clang-asan.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :clang
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  conf.enable_sanitizer "address,undefined"
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/cross-32bit.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Define cross build settings
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('cross-32bit') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :gcc
+
+  conf.cc.flags << "-m32"
+  conf.linker.flags << "-m32"
+
+  # conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-bin-mruby"
+  conf.gem "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example"
+
+  conf.test_runner.command = 'env'
+end

build_config/default.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  # Use mrbgems
+  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example'
+  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_extension_example' do |g|
+  #   g.cc.flags << '-g' # append cflags in this gem
+  # end
+  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example'
+  # conf.gem :core => 'mruby-eval'
+  # conf.gem :mgem => 'mruby-onig-regexp'
+  # conf.gem :github => 'mattn/mruby-onig-regexp'
+  # conf.gem :git => 'git@github.com:mattn/mruby-onig-regexp.git', :branch => 'master', :options => '-v'
+
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  # C compiler settings
+  # conf.cc do |cc|
+  #   cc.command = ENV['CC'] || 'gcc'
+  #   cc.flags = [ENV['CFLAGS'] || %w()]
+  #   cc.include_paths = ["#{root}/include"]
+  #   cc.defines = %w()
+  #   cc.option_include_path = %q[-I"%s"]
+  #   cc.option_define = '-D%s'
+  #   cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -MMD -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
+  # end
+
+  # mrbc settings
+  # conf.mrbc do |mrbc|
+  #   mrbc.compile_options = "-g -B%{funcname} -o-" # The -g option is required for line numbers
+  # end
+
+  # Linker settings
+  # conf.linker do |linker|
+  #   linker.command = ENV['LD'] || 'gcc'
+  #   linker.flags = [ENV['LDFLAGS'] || []]
+  #   linker.flags_before_libraries = []
+  #   linker.libraries = %w()
+  #   linker.flags_after_libraries = []
+  #   linker.library_paths = []
+  #   linker.option_library = '-l%s'
+  #   linker.option_library_path = '-L%s'
+  #   linker.link_options = "%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" %{objs} %{libs}"
+  # end
+
+  # Archiver settings
+  # conf.archiver do |archiver|
+  #   archiver.command = ENV['AR'] || 'ar'
+  #   archiver.archive_options = 'rs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
+  # end
+
+  # Parser generator settings
+  # conf.yacc do |yacc|
+  #   yacc.command = ENV['YACC'] || 'bison'
+  #   yacc.compile_options = %q[-o "%{outfile}" "%{infile}"]
+  # end
+
+  # gperf settings
+  # conf.gperf do |gperf|
+  #   gperf.command = 'gperf'
+  #   gperf.compile_options = %q[-L ANSI-C -C -p -j1 -i 1 -g -o -t -N mrb_reserved_word -k"1,3,$" "%{infile}" > "%{outfile}"]
+  # end
+
+  # file extensions
+  # conf.exts do |exts|
+  #   exts.object = '.o'
+  #   exts.executable = '' # '.exe' if Windows
+  #   exts.library = '.a'
+  # end
+
+  # file separator
+  # conf.file_separator = '/'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  # conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/dreamcast_shelf.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# Cross Compiling configuration for the Sega Dreamcast
+# This configuration requires KallistiOS (KOS)
+# https://dreamcast.wiki
+#
+# Tested on GNU/Linux, MinGW-w64/MSYS2, Cygwin, macOS and MinGW/MSYS (see below)
+#
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new("dreamcast") do |conf|
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # Support for DreamSDK (based on MinGW/MSYS)
+  # To compile mruby with DreamSDK, RubyInstaller for Windows should be installed
+  DREAMSDK_HOME = ENV["DREAMSDK_HOME"]
+  MSYS_ROOT = !(DREAMSDK_HOME.nil? || DREAMSDK_HOME.empty?) ? "#{DREAMSDK_HOME}/msys/1.0" : ""
+
+  # Setting paths
+  DREAMCAST_PATH = "#{MSYS_ROOT}/opt/toolchains/dc"
+  KOS_PATH = "#{DREAMCAST_PATH}/kos"
+  BIN_PATH = "#{DREAMCAST_PATH}/sh-elf/bin"
+
+  # C compiler
+  # Flags were extracted from KallistiOS environment files
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/sh-elf-gcc"	
+    cc.include_paths << ["#{KOS_PATH}/include", "#{KOS_PATH}/kernel/arch/dreamcast/include", "#{KOS_PATH}/addons/include", "#{KOS_PATH}/../kos-ports/include"]
+    cc.flags << ["-O2", "-fomit-frame-pointer", "-ml", "-m4-single-only", "-ffunction-sections", "-fdata-sections", "-Wall", "-g", "-fno-builtin", "-ml", "-m4-single-only", "-Wl,-Ttext=0x8c010000", "-Wl,--gc-sections", "-T#{KOS_PATH}/utils/ldscripts/shlelf.xc", "-nodefaultlibs"]
+    cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
+    cc.defines << %w(_arch_dreamcast)
+    cc.defines << %w(_arch_sub_pristine)
+  end
+
+  # C++ compiler
+  conf.cxx do |cxx|
+    cxx.command = conf.cc.command.dup
+    cxx.include_paths = conf.cc.include_paths.dup
+    cxx.flags = conf.cc.flags.dup
+    cxx.flags << %w(-fno-rtti -fno-exceptions)
+    cxx.defines = conf.cc.defines.dup
+    cxx.compile_options = conf.cc.compile_options.dup
+  end
+
+  # Linker
+  # There is an issue when making the mruby library with KallistiOS:
+  # 'newlib_kill.o' and 'newlib_getpid.o' aren't found so they are explicitly
+  # specified here at least for now.
+  conf.linker do |linker|
+    linker.command="#{BIN_PATH}/sh-elf-gcc"
+    linker.flags << ["#{MSYS_ROOT}/opt/toolchains/dc/kos/kernel/build/newlib_kill.o", "#{MSYS_ROOT}/opt/toolchains/dc/kos/kernel/build/newlib_getpid.o", "-Wl,--start-group -lkallisti -lc -lgcc -Wl,--end-group"]
+    linker.library_paths << ["#{KOS_PATH}/lib/dreamcast", "#{KOS_PATH}/addons/lib/dreamcast", "#{KOS_PATH}/../kos-ports/lib"]
+  end
+
+  # Archiver
+  conf.archiver do |archiver|
+    archiver.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/sh-elf-ar"
+    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
+  end
+
+  # No executables
+  conf.bins = []
+
+  # Do not build executable test
+  conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  # Disable C++ exception
+  conf.disable_cxx_exception
+
+  # Gems from core
+  # removing mruby-io
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-metaprog"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-pack"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-sprintf"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-print"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-math"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-time"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-struct"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-compar-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enum-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-string-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-numeric-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-array-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-hash-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-range-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-proc-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-symbol-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-random"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-object-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-objectspace"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-fiber"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enumerator"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enum-lazy"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-toplevel-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-kernel-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-class-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-compiler"
+end

build_config/gameboyadvance.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+# Cross Compiling configuration for the Nintendo GameBoyAdvance.
+# This configuration requires devkitARM
+# https://devkitpro.org/wiki/Getting_Started/devkitARM
+#
+# Tested only on GNU/Linux
+#
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new("gameboyadvance") do |conf|
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  DEVKITPRO_PATH = "/opt/devkitpro"
+  BIN_PATH = "#{DEVKITPRO_PATH}/devkitARM/bin"
+
+  # C compiler
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/arm-none-eabi-gcc"
+    cc.flags << ["-mthumb-interwork", "-mthumb", "-O2"]
+    cc.compile_options = %(%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}")
+  end
+
+  # C++ compiler
+  conf.cxx do |cxx|
+    cxx.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/arm-none-eabi-g++"
+    cxx.include_paths = conf.cc.include_paths.dup
+    cxx.flags = conf.cc.flags.dup
+    cxx.flags << %w[-fno-rtti -fno-exceptions]
+    cxx.defines = conf.cc.defines.dup
+    cxx.compile_options = conf.cc.compile_options.dup
+  end
+
+  # Linker
+  conf.linker do |linker|
+    linker.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/arm-none-eabi-gcc"
+    linker.flags << ["-mthumb-interwork", "-mthumb", "-specs=gba.specs"]
+  end
+
+  # No executables
+  conf.bins = []
+
+  # Do not build executable test
+  conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  # Disable C++ exception
+  conf.disable_cxx_exception
+
+  # Gems from core
+  # removing mruby-io
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-metaprog"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-pack"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-sprintf"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-print"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-math"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-time"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-struct"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-compar-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-enum-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-string-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-numeric-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-array-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-hash-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-range-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-proc-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-symbol-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-random"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-object-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-objectspace"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-fiber"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-enumerator"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-enum-lazy"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-toplevel-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-kernel-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-class-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-compiler"
+end

build_config/host-cxx.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  # include the default GEMs
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  # C compiler settings
+  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK)
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_cxx_abi
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/host-debug.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+MRuby::Build.new('host') do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  conf.enable_debug
+
+  # include the default GEMs
+  conf.gembox 'full-core'
+
+  # C compiler settings
+  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK MRB_NO_BOXING)
+
+  # Generate mruby debugger command (require mruby-eval)
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-bin-debugger"
+
+  # test
+  conf.enable_test
+  # bintest
+  conf.enable_bintest
+end

build_config/host-gprof.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  conf.cc.flags << '-pg'
+  conf.linker.flags << '-pg'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/host-m32.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  conf.cc.flags << '-m32'
+  conf.linker.flags << '-m32'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_test
+  conf.enable_bintest
+end

build_config/host-shared.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+
+  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
+  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
+    toolchain :visualcpp
+  else
+    toolchain :gcc
+  end
+
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  # C compiler settings
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.flags = '-fPIC'
+  end
+
+  conf.archiver do |archiver|
+    archiver.command = 'gcc'
+    archiver.archive_options = '-shared -o %{outfile} %{objs}'
+  end
+
+  # file extensions
+  conf.exts do |exts|
+     exts.library = '.so'
+  end
+
+  # file separator
+  # conf.file_separator = '/'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/mrbc.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
+    conf.toolchain :visualcpp
+  else
+    conf.toolchain :gcc
+  end
+
+  conf.build_mrbc_exec
+  conf.disable_libmruby
+  conf.disable_presym
+end

build_config/no-float.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Define cross build settings
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('no-float') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  # Add configuration
+  conf.compilers.each do |c|
+    c.defines << "MRB_NO_FLOAT"
+  end
+
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-bin-mruby"
+
+  conf.test_runner.command = 'env'
+
+  conf.enable_debug
+#  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

doc/guides/compile.md

@@ -6,41 +6,53 @@ binaries.
 ## Prerequisites
 
 To compile mruby out of the source code you need the following tools:
-* C Compiler (i.e. ```gcc```)
-* Linker (i.e. ```gcc```)
-* Archive utility (i.e. ```ar```)
-* Parser generator (i.e. ```bison```)
-* Ruby 1.8 or 1.9 (i.e. ```ruby``` or ```jruby```)
+
+* C Compiler (e.g. `gcc` or `clang`)
+* Linker (e.g. `gcc` or `clang`)
+* Archive utility (e.g. `ar`)
+* Parser generator (`bison`)
+* Ruby 2.0 or later (e.g. `ruby` or `jruby`)
+
+Note that `bison` bundled with MacOS is too old to compile `mruby`.
+Try `brew install bison` and follow the instruction shown to update
+the `$PATH` to compile `mruby`. We also encourage to upgrade `ruby`
+on MacOS in similar manner.
 
 Optional:
-* GIT (to update mruby source and integrate mrbgems easier)
+
+* git (to update mruby source and integrate mrbgems easier)
 * C++ compiler (to use GEMs which include \*.cpp, \*.cxx, \*.cc)
-* Assembler (to use GEMs which include \*.asm)
 
-## Usage
+## Build
+
+To compile `mruby` with the default build configuration, just invoke `rake`
+inside of the mruby source root. To generate and execute the test tools call
+`rake test`. To clean all build files call `rake clean`. To see full command
+line on build, call `rake -v`.
+
+You can specify your own configuration file by the `MRUBY_CONFIG` environment
+variable (you can use `CONFIG` for shorthand for `MRUBY_CONFIG`). If the path
+doesn't exist, *build_config/${MRUBY_CONFIG}.rb* is used. The default
+configuration is defined in the `build_config/default.rb` file.
+
+Those build configuration files contain the build configuration of mruby, for
+example:
 
-Inside of the root directory of the mruby source a file exists
-called *build_config.rb*. This file contains the build configuration
-of mruby and looks like this for example:
 ```ruby
 MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
+  conf.toolchain :gcc
 end
 ```
 
-All tools necessary to compile mruby can be set or modified here. In case
-you want to maintain an additional *build_config.rb* you can define a
-customized path using the *$MRUBY_CONFIG* environment variable.
-
-To compile just call ```./minirake``` inside of the mruby source root. To
-generate and execute the test tools call ```./minirake test```. To clean
-all build files call ```./minirake clean```. To see full command line on
-build, call ```./minirake -v```.
+All tools necessary to compile mruby can be set or modified here.
 
 ## Build Configuration
 
-Inside of the *build_config.rb* the following options can be configured
-based on your environment.
+We wish you submit a pull-request to *build_config/**PLATFORM**.rb*, once you
+created a new configuration for a new platform.
+
+Inside of the configuration file, the following options can be
+configured based on your environment.
 
 ### Toolchains
 
@@ -50,54 +62,56 @@ configure the build environment for specific compiler infrastructures.
 #### GCC
 
 Toolchain configuration for the GNU C Compiler.
+
 ```ruby
-toolchain :gcc
+conf.toolchain :gcc
 ```
 
 #### clang
 
 Toolchain configuration for the LLVM C Compiler clang. Mainly equal to the
 GCC toolchain.
+
 ```ruby
-toolchain :clang
+conf.toolchain :clang
 ```
 
 #### Visual Studio 2010, 2012 and 2013
 
 Toolchain configuration for Visual Studio on Windows. If you use the
-[Visual Studio Command Prompt](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms229859\(v=vs.110\).aspx),
+[Visual Studio Command Prompt](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms229859\(v=vs.110\).aspx),
 you normally do not have to specify this manually, since it gets automatically detected by our build process.
+
 ```ruby
-toolchain :visualcpp
+conf.toolchain :visualcpp
 ```
 
 #### Android
 
 Toolchain configuration for Android.
+
 ```ruby
-toolchain :android
+conf.toolchain :android
 ```
 
 Requires the custom standalone Android NDK and the toolchain path
-in ```ANDROID_STANDALONE_TOOLCHAIN```.
+in `ANDROID_STANDALONE_TOOLCHAIN`.
 
 ### Binaries
 
 It is possible to select which tools should be compiled during the compilation
-process. The following tools can be selected:
-* mruby (mruby interpreter)
-* mirb (mruby interactive shell)
+process. For example,
 
-To select them declare conf.gem as follows:
-```ruby
-conf.gem "#{root}/mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby"
-conf.gem "#{root}/mrbgems/mruby-bin-mirb"
-```
+* `mruby`
+* `mirb`
+
+The configuration are done via `mrbgems`. See `Mrbgems` section.
 
 ### File Separator
 
 Some environments require a different file separator character. It is possible to
-set the character via ```conf.file_separator```.
+set the character via `conf.file_separator`.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.file_separator = '/'
 ```
@@ -105,6 +119,7 @@ conf.file_separator = '/'
 ### C Compiler
 
 Configuration of the C compiler binary, flags and include paths.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.cc do |cc|
   cc.command = ...
@@ -119,7 +134,8 @@ end
 
 C Compiler has header searcher to detect installed library.
 
-If you need a include path of header file use ```search_header_path```:
+If you need a include path of header file use `search_header_path`:
+
 ```ruby
 # Searches ```iconv.h```.
 # If found it will return include path of the header file.
@@ -127,7 +143,8 @@ If you need a include path of header file use ```search_header_path```:
 fail 'iconv.h not found' unless conf.cc.search_header_path 'iconv.h'
 ```
 
-If you need a full file name of header file use ```search_header```:
+If you need a full file name of header file use `search_header`:
+
 ```ruby
 # Searches ```iconv.h```.
 # If found it will return full path of the header file.
@@ -136,11 +153,12 @@ iconv_h = conf.cc.search_header 'iconv.h'
 print "iconv.h found: #{iconv_h}\n"
 ```
 
-Header searcher uses compiler's ```include_paths``` by default.
+Header searcher uses compiler's `include_paths` by default.
 When you are using GCC toolchain (including clang toolchain since its base is gcc toolchain)
-it will use compiler specific include paths too. (For example ```/usr/local/include```, ```/usr/include```)
+it will use compiler specific include paths too. (For example `/usr/local/include`, `/usr/include`)
+
+If you need a special header search paths define a singleton method `header_search_paths` to C compiler:
 
-If you need a special header search paths define a singleton method ```header_search_paths``` to C compiler:
 ```ruby
 def conf.cc.header_search_paths
   ['/opt/local/include'] + include_paths
@@ -150,6 +168,7 @@ end
 ### Linker
 
 Configuration of the Linker binary, flags and library paths.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.linker do |linker|
   linker.command = ...
@@ -167,6 +186,7 @@ end
 ### Archiver
 
 Configuration of the Archiver binary and flags.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.archiver do |archiver|
   archiver.command = ...
@@ -177,6 +197,7 @@ end
 ### Parser Generator
 
 Configuration of the Parser Generator binary and flags.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.yacc do |yacc|
   yacc.command = ...
@@ -187,6 +208,7 @@ end
 ### GPerf
 
 Configuration of the GPerf binary and flags.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gperf do |gperf|
   gperf.command = ...
@@ -195,6 +217,7 @@ end
 ```
 
 ### File Extensions
+
 ```ruby
 conf.exts do |exts|
   exts.object = ...
@@ -203,26 +226,52 @@ conf.exts do |exts|
 end
 ```
 
+### Preallocated Symbols
+
+By far, preallocate symbols are highly compatible with the previous versions, so
+we expect you won't see any problem with them. But just in case you face any
+issue, you can disable preallocated symbols by specifying `conf.disable_presym`.
+
+In the build process, `mrbc` under cross compiling environment will be compiled
+with this configuration.
+
 ### Mrbgems
 
-Integrate GEMs in the build process.
-```ruby
-# Integrate GEM with additional configuration
-conf.gem 'path/to/gem' do |g|
-  g.cc.flags << ...
-end
+`mruby` comes with the (sort of) packaging system named `mrbgems`. To
+specify `gem`, you can use `conf.gem` in the configuration file.
 
-# Integrate GEM without additional configuration
-conf.gem 'path/to/another/gem'
+```ruby
+# Integrate a bundled Gem you see in `mrbgems` directory
+conf.gem :core => 'mruby-something'
+
+# Integrate a Gem from GitHub
+conf.gem :github => 'someone/mruby-another'
+
+# Integrate a mruby binary Gem
+conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-mruby'
+
+# Integrate a interactive mruby binary Gem
+conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-mirb'
+
+# Integrate GemBox (set of Gems)
+conf.gembox "default"
 ```
 
+A GemBox is a set of Gems defined in `mrbgems/default.gembox` for example.
+It's just a set of `mrbgem` configurations.
+
+There is a `RubyGem` (gem for CRuby) named `mgem` that help you to
+manage `mrbgems`. Try `gem install mgem`. `mgem` can show you the list
+of registered `mrbgems`.
+
 See doc/mrbgems/README.md for more option about mrbgems.
 
 ### Mrbtest
 
 Configuration Mrbtest build process.
 
-If you want mrbtest.a only, You should set ```conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only```
+If you want mrbtest.a only, You should set `conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only`
+
 ```ruby
 conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
 ```
@@ -230,11 +279,12 @@ conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
 ### Bintest
 
 Tests for mrbgem tools using CRuby.
-To have bintests place \*.rb scripts to ```bintest/``` directory of mrbgems.
-See ```mruby-bin-*/bintest/*.rb``` if you need examples.
-If you want a temporary files use `tempfile` module of CRuby instead of ```/tmp/```.
+To have bintests place \*.rb scripts to `bintest/` directory of mrbgems.
+See `mruby-bin-*/bintest/*.rb` if you need examples.
+If you want a temporary files use `tempfile` module of CRuby instead of `/tmp/`.
 
 You can enable it with following:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.enable_bintest
 ```
@@ -247,12 +297,13 @@ correctly. To support mrbgems written in C++, mruby can be
 configured to use C++ exception.
 
 There are two levels of C++ exception handling. The one is
-```enable_cxx_exception``` that enables C++ exception, but
-uses C ABI. The other is ```enable_cxx_abi``` where all
+`enable_cxx_exception` that enables C++ exception, but
+uses C ABI. The other is `enable_cxx_abi` where all
 files are compiled by C++ compiler.
 
 When you mix C++ code, C++ exception would be enabled automatically.
 If you need to enable C++ exception explicitly add the following:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.enable_cxx_exception
 ```
@@ -262,49 +313,55 @@ conf.enable_cxx_exception
 If your compiler does not support C++ and you want to ensure
 you don't use mrbgem written in C++, you can explicitly disable
 C++ exception, add following:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.disable_cxx_exception
 ```
+
 and you will get an error when you try to use C++ gem.
-Note that it must be called before ```enable_cxx_exception``` or ```gem``` method.
+Note that it must be called before `enable_cxx_exception` or `gem` method.
 
 ### Debugging mode
 
 To enable debugging mode add the following:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.enable_debug
 ```
 
 When debugging mode is enabled
-* Macro ```MRB_DEBUG``` would be defined.
-	* Which means ```mrb_assert()``` macro is enabled.
-* Debug information of irep would be generated by ```mrbc```.
-	* Because ```-g``` flag would be added to ```mrbc``` runner.
+
+* Macro `MRB_DEBUG` would be defined.
+	* Which means `mrb_assert()` macro is enabled.
+* Debug information of irep would be generated by `mrbc`.
+	* Because `-g` flag would be added to `mrbc` runner.
     * You can have better backtrace of mruby scripts with this.
 
 ## Cross-Compilation
 
-mruby can also be cross-compiled from one platform to another. To
-achieve this the *build_config.rb* needs to contain an instance of
-```MRuby::CrossBuild```. This instance defines the compilation
-tools and flags for the target platform. An example could look
-like this:
+mruby can also be cross-compiled from one platform to another. To achieve
+cross-compilation, the build configuration needs to contain an instance of
+`MRuby::CrossBuild`. This instance defines the compilation tools and flags
+for the target platform. An example could look like this:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::CrossBuild.new('32bit') do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
+  conf.toolchain :gcc
 
   conf.cc.flags << "-m32"
   conf.linker.flags << "-m32"
 end
 ```
 
-All configuration options of ```MRuby::Build``` can also be used
-in ```MRuby::CrossBuild```.
+All configuration options of `MRuby::Build` can also be used in
+`MRuby::CrossBuild`. You can find examples under the *build_config*
+directory.
 
 ### Mrbtest in Cross-Compilation
 
-In cross compilation, you can run ```mrbtest``` on emulator if
+In cross compilation, you can run `mrbtest` on emulator if
 you have it by changing configuration of test runner.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.test_runner do |t|
   t.command = ... # set emulator. this value must be non nil or false
@@ -344,21 +401,22 @@ root directory. The structure of this directory will look like this:
 	          +- mruby
 
 The compilation workflow will look like this:
+
 * compile all files under *src* (object files will be stored
 in *build/host/src*)
 * generate parser grammar out of *src/parse.y* (generated
 result will be stored in *build/host/src/y.tab.c*)
 * compile  *build/host/src/y.tab.c* to  *build/host/src/y.tab.o*
 * create *build/host/lib/libmruby_core.a* out of all object files (C only)
-* create ```build/host/bin/mrbc``` by compiling *tools/mrbc/mrbc.c* and
+* create `build/host/bin/mrbc` by compiling *tools/mrbc/mrbc.c* and
 linking with *build/host/lib/libmruby_core.a*
 * create *build/host/mrblib/mrblib.c* by compiling all \*.rb files
-under *mrblib* with ```build/host/bin/mrbc```
+under *mrblib* with `build/host/bin/mrbc`
 * compile *build/host/mrblib/mrblib.c* to *build/host/mrblib/mrblib.o*
 * create *build/host/lib/libmruby.a* out of all object files (C and Ruby)
-* create ```build/host/bin/mruby``` by compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby/tools/mruby/mruby.c* and
+* create `build/host/bin/mruby` by compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby/tools/mruby/mruby.c* and
 linking with *build/host/lib/libmruby.a*
-* create ```build/host/bin/mirb``` by compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mirb/tools/mirb/mirb.c* and
+* create `build/host/bin/mirb` by compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mirb/tools/mirb/mirb.c* and
 linking with *build/host/lib/libmruby.a*
 
 ```
@@ -421,21 +479,22 @@ build directory.
 The cross compilation workflow starts in the same way as the normal
 compilation by compiling all *native* libraries and binaries.
 Afterwards the cross compilation process proceeds like this:
+
 * cross-compile all files under *src* (object files will be stored
 in *build/i386/src*)
 * generate parser grammar out of *src/parse.y* (generated
 result will be stored in *build/i386/src/y.tab.c*)
 * cross-compile *build/i386/src/y.tab.c* to *build/i386/src/y.tab.o*
 * create *build/i386/mrblib/mrblib.c* by compiling all \*.rb files
-under *mrblib* with the native ```build/host/bin/mrbc```
+under *mrblib* with the native `build/host/bin/mrbc`
 * cross-compile *build/host/mrblib/mrblib.c* to *build/host/mrblib/mrblib.o*
 * create *build/i386/lib/libmruby.a* out of all object files (C and Ruby)
-* create ```build/i386/bin/mruby``` by cross-compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby/tools/mruby/mruby.c* and
+* create `build/i386/bin/mruby` by cross-compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby/tools/mruby/mruby.c* and
 linking with *build/i386/lib/libmruby.a*
-* create ```build/i386/bin/mirb``` by cross-compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mirb/tools/mirb/mirb.c* and
+* create `build/i386/bin/mirb` by cross-compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mirb/tools/mirb/mirb.c* and
 linking with *build/i386/lib/libmruby.a*
 * create *build/i386/lib/libmruby_core.a* out of all object files (C only)
-* create ```build/i386/bin/mrbc``` by cross-compiling *tools/mrbc/mrbc.c* and
+* create `build/i386/bin/mrbc` by cross-compiling *tools/mrbc/mrbc.c* and
 linking with *build/i386/lib/libmruby_core.a*
 
 ```
@@ -463,26 +522,60 @@ linking with *build/i386/lib/libmruby_core.a*
 ### Minimal Library
 
 To build a minimal mruby library you need to use the Cross Compiling
-feature due to the reason that there are functions (i.e. stdio) which
+feature due to the reason that there are functions (e.g. stdio) which
 can't be disabled for the main build.
 
 ```ruby
 MRuby::CrossBuild.new('Minimal') do |conf|
   toolchain :gcc
 
-  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_DISABLE_STDIO)
+  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_NO_STDIO)
   conf.bins = []
 end
 ```
 
 This configuration defines a cross compile build called 'Minimal' which
 is using the GCC and compiles for the host machine. It also disables
-all usages of stdio and doesn't compile any binaries (i.e. mrbc).
+all usages of stdio and doesn't compile any binaries (e.g. mrbc).
 
 ## Test Environment
 
 mruby's build process includes a test environment. In case you start the testing
-of mruby, a native binary called ```mrbtest``` will be generated and executed.
+of mruby, a native binary called `mrbtest` will be generated and executed.
 This binary contains all test cases which are defined under *test/t*. In case
 of a cross-compilation an additional cross-compiled *mrbtest* binary is
 generated. You can copy this binary and run on your target system.
+
+## Embedding `mruby` in Your Application
+
+After the build, you will get `libmruby.a`. You can link it to your application.
+
+For compiler options and library path, you can use `mruby-config` command for
+convenience. `mruby-config` command prints the configuration used for `libmruby.a`.
+
+```
+$ mruby-config --help
+Usage: mruby-config [switches]
+  switches:
+  --cflags                    print flags passed to compiler
+  --ldflags                   print flags passed to linker
+  --ldflags-before-libs       print flags passed to linker before linked libraries
+  --libs                      print linked libraries
+  --libmruby-path             print libmruby path
+```
+
+For example, when you have a C source file (`c.c`) and try to
+compile and link it with `libmruby.a`, you can run the following command,
+
+```
+gcc `mruby-config --cflags` c.c `mruby-config --ldflags` `mruby-config --libs`
+```
+
+When you use `make`, add following lines in `Makefile`
+
+```
+MRB_CONFIG = <path-to-mruby-config>
+CFLAGS = `$(MRB_CONFIG) --cflags`
+LDFLAGS = `$(MRB_CONFIG) --ldflags`
+LIBS = `$(MRB_CONFIG) --libs`
+```

doc/guides/debugger.md

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ To confirm mrdb was installed properly, run mrdb with the `--version` option:
 
 ```bash
 $ mrdb --version
-mruby 1.4.1 (2018-4-27)
+mruby 2.1.2 (2020-08-06)
 ```
 
 ## 2.2 Basic Operation
@@ -220,6 +220,7 @@ Example:
 ```
 
 Enabling all breakpoints
+
 ```
 (foo.rb:1) enable 1 3
 ```
@@ -263,7 +264,7 @@ Example:
 
 ```
 (sample.rb:1) info breakpoints
-Num     Type           Enb What  
+Num     Type           Enb What
 1       breakpoint     y   at sample.rb:3                      -> file name,line number
 2       breakpoint     n   in Sample_class:sample_class_method -> [class:]method name
 3       breakpoint     y   in sample_global_method
@@ -273,8 +274,8 @@ Displaying the specified breakpoint number:
 
 ```
 (foo.rb:1) info breakpoints 1 3
-Num     Type           Enb What  
-1       breakpoint     y   at sample.rb:3  
+Num     Type           Enb What
+1       breakpoint     y   at sample.rb:3
 3       breakpoint     y   in sample_global_method
 ```
 

doc/guides/gc-arena-howto.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 _This is an English translation of [Matz's blog post][matz blog post]
 written in Japanese._
 _Some parts are updated to reflect recent changes._
-[matz blog post]: http://www.rubyist.net/~matz/20130731.html
+[matz blog post]: https://www.rubyist.net/~matz/20130731.html
 
 When you are extending mruby using C language, you may encounter
 mysterious "arena overflow error" or memory leak or very slow

doc/guides/mrbconf.md

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 # mruby configuration macros.
 
 ## How to use these macros.
+
 You can use mrbconfs with following ways:
+
 * Write them in `mrbconf.h`.
  * Using compiler flags is preferred  when building a cross binaries or multiple mruby binaries
  since it's easier to use different mrbconf per each `MRuby::Build`.
@@ -11,7 +13,9 @@ You can use mrbconfs with following ways:
  changes `struct` layout and cause memory access error when C and other language(e.g., C++) is mixed.
 
 ## stdio setting.
-`MRB_DISABLE_STDIO`
+
+`MRB_NO_STDIO`
+
 * When defined `<stdio.h>` functions won't be used.
 * Some features will be disabled when this is enabled:
   * `mrb_irep` load/dump from/to file.
@@ -19,78 +23,97 @@ You can use mrbconfs with following ways:
   * Printing features in **src/print.c**.
 
 ## Debug macros.
-`MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK`
+
+`MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK`
+
 * When defined code fetch hook and debug OP hook will be enabled.
 * When using any of the hook set function pointer `code_fetch_hook` and/or `debug_op_hook` of `mrb_state`.
 * Fetch hook will be called before any OP.
 * Debug OP hook will be called when dispatching `OP_DEBUG`.
 
 `MRB_DEBUG`
+
 * When defined `mrb_assert*` macro will be defined with macros from `<assert.h>`.
 * Could be enabled via `enable_debug` method of `MRuby::Build`.
 
 ## Stack configuration
 
 `MRB_STACK_EXTEND_DOUBLING`
+
 * If defined doubles the stack size when extending it.
 * Else extends stack with `MRB_STACK_GROWTH`.
 
 `MRB_STACK_GROWTH`
+
 * Default value is `128`.
 * Used in stack extending.
 * Ignored when `MRB_STACK_EXTEND_DOUBLING` is defined.
 
 `MRB_STACK_MAX`
+
 * Default value is `0x40000 - MRB_STACK_GROWTH`.
 * Raises `RuntimeError` when stack size exceeds this value.
 
 ## Primitive type configuration.
 
-`MRB_USE_FLOAT`
-* When defined single precision floating point type(C type `float`) is used as `mrb_float`.
-* Else double precision floating point type(C type `double`) is used as `mrb_float`.
+`MRB_USE_FLOAT32`
 
-`MRB_INT16`
-* When defined `int16_t` will be defined as `mrb_int`.
+* When defined single precision floating point type(C type `float`) is used as `mrb_float`.
+* Otherwise double precision floating point type(C type `double`) is used as `mrb_float`.
+
+`MRB_NO_FLOAT`
+
+* When defined removes floating point numbers from mruby.
+* It makes mruby easier to handle in "Microcontroller without FPU" and "Kernel Space".
+
+`MRB_INT32`
+
+* When defined, or `MRB_INT64` are not defined on 32-bit CPU mode, `mrb_int` will be defined as `int32_t`.
 * Conflicts with `MRB_INT64`.
 
 `MRB_INT64`
-* When defined `int64_t` will be defined as `mrb_int`.
-* Conflicts with `MRB_INT16`.
-* When `MRB_INT16` or `MRB_INT64` isn't defined `int`(most of the times 32-bit integer)
-will be defined as `mrb_int`.
+
+* When defined, or `MRB_INT32` are not defined on 64-bit CPU mode, `mrb_int` will be defined as `int64_t`.
+* Conflicts with `MRB_INT32`.
 
 ## Garbage collector configuration.
 
 `MRB_GC_STRESS`
+
 * When defined full GC is emitted per each `RBasic` allocation.
 * Mainly used in memory manager debugging.
 
 `MRB_GC_TURN_OFF_GENERATIONAL`
+
 * When defined turns generational GC by default.
 
 `MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA`
+
 * When defined used fixed size GC arena.
 * Raises `RuntimeError` when this is defined and GC arena size exceeds `MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE`.
 * Useful tracking unnecessary mruby object allocation.
 
 `MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE`
+
 * Default value is `100`.
 * Ignored when `MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA` isn't defined.
 * Defines fixed GC arena size.
 
 `MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE`
+
 * Defines value is `1024`.
 * Specifies number of `RBasic` per each heap page.
 
 ## Memory pool configuration.
 
 `POOL_ALIGNMENT`
+
 * Default value is `4`.
 * If you're allocating data types that requires alignment more than default value define the
 largest value of required alignment.
 
 `POOL_PAGE_SIZE`
+
 * Default value is `16000`.
 * Specifies page size of pool page.
 * Smaller the value is increases memory overhead.
@@ -98,49 +121,88 @@ largest value of required alignment.
 ## State atexit configuration.
 
 `MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK`
+
 * If defined enables fixed size `mrb_state` atexit stack.
 * Raises `RuntimeError` when `mrb_state_atexit` call count to same `mrb_state` exceeds
 `MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK_SIZE`'s value.
 
 `MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK_SIZE`
+
 * Default value is `5`.
 * If `MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK` isn't defined this macro is ignored.
 
 ## `mrb_value` configuration.
 
 `MRB_ENDIAN_BIG`
+
 * If defined compiles mruby for big endian machines.
 * Used in `MRB_NAN_BOXING`.
 * Some mrbgem use this mrbconf.
 
 `MRB_NAN_BOXING`
+
 * If defined represent `mrb_value` in boxed `double`.
-* Conflicts with `MRB_USE_FLOAT`.
+* Conflicts with `MRB_USE_FLOAT32` and `MRB_NO_FLOAT`.
 
 `MRB_WORD_BOXING`
+
 * If defined represent `mrb_value` as a word.
 * If defined `Float` will be a mruby object with `RBasic`.
 
-## Instance variable configuration.
-`MRB_IV_SEGMENT_SIZE`
-* Default value is `4`.
-* Specifies size of each segment in segment list.
+## Reduce heap memory configuration.
+
+`MRB_USE_LINK_TIME_RO_DATA_P`
+
+* Only available on ELF platforms.
+* If you specify the address of a read-only section when creating a symbol or string, that string will be used as it is.
+* Heap memory can be saved.
+* Uses `__ehdr_start` and `__init_array_start`.
+* It must be `__ehdr_start < data_addr < __init_array_start`.
+
+`MRB_USE_CUSTOM_RO_DATA_P`
+
+* Takes precedence over `MRB_USE_LINK_TIME_RO_DATA_P`.
+* Please try if `MRB_USE_LINK_TIME_RO_DATA_P` is not available.
+* The `mrb_ro_data_p()` function is implemented by the user in an arbitrary file.
+* The prototype declaration is `mrb_bool mrb_ro_data_p(const char *ptr)`.
+* Return `TRUE` if `ptr` is in read-only section, otherwise return `FALSE`.
 
 ## Other configuration.
+
 `MRB_UTF8_STRING`
+
 * Adds UTF-8 encoding support to character-oriented String instance methods.
 * If it isn't defined, they only support the US-ASCII encoding.
 
 `MRB_FUNCALL_ARGC_MAX`
+
 * Default value is `16`.
 * Specifies 4th argument(`argc`) max value of `mrb_funcall`.
 * Raises `ArgumentError` when the `argc` argument is bigger then this value `mrb_funcall`.
 
 `KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE`
+
 * Default value is `32`.
 * Specifies default size of khash table bucket.
 * Used in `kh_init_ ## name` function.
 
-`MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE`
-* Default value is `128`.
-* Specifies initial capacity of `RString` created by `mrb_str_buf_new` function..
+`MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE`
+
+* Disable method cache to save memory.
+
+`MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE`
+
+* Default value is `256`.
+* Ignored if `MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE` is defined.
+* Need to be the power of 2.
+
+`MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT`
+
+* Use C struct to represent `mrb_method_t`
+* No `MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT` requires highest 2 bits of function pointers to be zero
+* Define this macro on machines that use higher bits of pointers
+
+`MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS`
+
+* Make it available `Symbol.all_symbols` in `mrbgems/mruby-symbol-ext`
+* Increase heap memory usage.

doc/guides/mrbgems.md

@@ -5,21 +5,27 @@ standardised way into mruby.
 
 ## Usage
 
-By default mrbgems is currently deactivated. As soon as you add a GEM to your
-build configuration (i.e. *build_config.rb*), mrbgems will be activated and the
-extension integrated.
+You have to activate mrbgems explicitly in your build configuration.  To add
+a GEM, add the following line to your build configuration file, for example:
 
-To add a GEM into the *build_config.rb* add the following line for example:
 ```ruby
 conf.gem '/path/to/your/gem/dir'
 ```
 
-You can also use a relative path which would be relative from the mruby root:
+You can also use a relative path to specify a gem.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example'
 ```
 
+In that case,
+
+* if your build configuration file is in the `build_config` directory, it's
+  relative from `MRUBY_ROOT`.
+* otherwise, it is relative from the directory where your build configuration is.
+
 A remote GIT repository location for a GEM is also supported:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gem :git => 'https://github.com/masuidrive/mrbgems-example.git', :branch => 'master'
 conf.gem :github => 'masuidrive/mrbgems-example', :branch => 'master'
@@ -27,21 +33,29 @@ conf.gem :bitbucket => 'mruby/mrbgems-example', :branch => 'master'
 ```
 
 You can specify the sub directory of the repository with `:path` option:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gem github: 'mruby/mruby', path: 'mrbgems/mruby-socket'
 ```
 
 To use mrbgem from [mgem-list](https://github.com/mruby/mgem-list) use `:mgem` option:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gem :mgem => 'mruby-yaml'
 conf.gem :mgem => 'yaml' # 'mruby-' prefix could be omitted
 ```
 
+For specifying commit hash to checkout use `:checksum_hash` option:
+
+```ruby
+conf.gem mgem: 'mruby-redis', checksum_hash: '3446d19fc4a3f9697b5ddbf2a904f301c42f2f4e'
+```
+
 If there is missing dependencies, mrbgem dependencies solver will reference
 mrbgem from core or mgem-list.
 
-To pull all gems from remote GIT repository on build, call ```./minirake -p```,
-or ```./minirake --pull-gems```.
+To pull all gems from remote GIT repository on build, call ```rake -p```,
+or ```rake --pull-gems```.
 
 NOTE: `:bitbucket` option supports only git. Hg is unsupported in this version.
 
@@ -49,13 +63,14 @@ NOTE: `:bitbucket` option supports only git. Hg is unsupported in this version.
 
 There are instances when you wish to add a collection of mrbgems into mruby at
 once, or be able to substitute mrbgems based on configuration, without having to
-add each gem to the *build_config.rb* file.  A packaged collection of mrbgems
+add each gem to your build configuration file.  A packaged collection of mrbgems
 is called a GemBox.  A GemBox is a file that contains a list of mrbgems to load
-into mruby, in the same format as if you were adding them to *build_config.rb*
+into mruby, in the same format as if you were adding them to the build config
 via `config.gem`, but wrapped in an `MRuby::GemBox` object.  GemBoxes are
 loaded into mruby via `config.gembox 'boxname'`.
 
 Below we have created a GemBox containing *mruby-time* and *mrbgems-example*:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::GemBox.new do |conf|
   conf.gem "#{root}/mrbgems/mruby-time"
@@ -68,16 +83,19 @@ must be saved with a *.gembox* extension inside the *mrbgems* directory to to be
 picked up by mruby.
 
 To use this example GemBox, we save it as `custom.gembox` inside the *mrbgems*
-directory in mruby, and add the following to our *build_config.rb* file inside
+directory in mruby, and add the following to your build configuration file inside
 the build block:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gembox 'custom'
 ```
+
 This will cause the *custom* GemBox to be read in during the build process,
 adding *mruby-time* and *mrbgems-example* to the build.
 
 If you want, you can put GemBox outside of mruby directory. In that case you must
 specify an absolute path like below.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gembox "#{ENV["HOME"]}/mygemboxes/custom"
 ```
@@ -115,6 +133,7 @@ to compile C and Ruby files. *README.md* is a short description of your GEM.
 
 mrbgems expects a specification file called *mrbgem.rake* inside of your
 GEM directory. A typical GEM specification could look like this for example:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('c_and_ruby_extension_example') do |spec|
   spec.license = 'MIT'
@@ -144,6 +163,7 @@ The `license` and `author` properties are required in every GEM!
 
 In case your GEM is depending on other GEMs please use
 `spec.add_dependency(gem, *requirements[, default_get_info])` like:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('c_and_ruby_extension_example') do |spec|
   spec.license = 'MIT'
@@ -153,10 +173,10 @@ MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('c_and_ruby_extension_example') do |spec|
   # The version must be between 1.0.0 and 1.5.2 .
   spec.add_dependency('mruby-parser', '>= 1.0.0', '<= 1.5.2')
 
-  # Use any version of mruby-uv from github.
+  # Use any version of mruby-uv from GitHub.
   spec.add_dependency('mruby-uv', '>= 0.0.0', :github => 'mattn/mruby-uv')
 
-  # Use latest mruby-onig-regexp from github. (version requirements can be omitted)
+  # Use latest mruby-onig-regexp from GitHub. (version requirements can be omitted)
   spec.add_dependency('mruby-onig-regexp', :github => 'mattn/mruby-onig-regexp')
 
   # You can add extra mgems active only on test
@@ -167,6 +187,7 @@ end
 The version requirements and default gem information are optional.
 
 Version requirement supports following operators:
+
 * '=': is equal
 * '!=': is not equal
 * '>': is greater
@@ -179,18 +200,20 @@ Version requirement supports following operators:
 
 When more than one version requirements is passed, the dependency must satisfy all of it.
 
-You can have default gem to use as depedency when it's not defined in *build_config.rb*.
+You can have default gem to use as dependency when it's not defined in your build configuration.
 When the last argument of `add_dependency` call is `Hash`, it will be treated as default gem information.
 Its format is same as argument of method `MRuby::Build#gem`, expect that it can't be treated as path gem location.
 
-When a special version of depedency is required,
-use `MRuby::Build#gem` in *build_config.rb* to override default gem.
+When a special version of dependency is required,
+use `MRuby::Build#gem` in the build configuration to override default gem.
 
 If you have conflicting GEMs use the following method:
+
 * `spec.add_conflict(gem, *requirements)`
     * The `requirements` argument is same as in `add_dependency` method.
 
 like following code:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::Gem::Specification.new 'some-regexp-binding' do |spec|
   spec.license = 'BSD'
@@ -230,10 +253,9 @@ So it is recommended not to put GEM's local header files on include/.
 These exports are retroactive.
 For example: when B depends to C and A depends to B, A will get include paths exported by C.
 
-Exported include_paths are automatically appended to GEM local include_paths by Minirake.
+Exported include_paths are automatically appended to GEM local include_paths by rake.
 You can use `spec.export_include_paths` accessor if you want more complex build.
 
-
 ## C Extension
 
 mruby can be extended with C. This is possible by using the C API to
@@ -245,6 +267,7 @@ mrbgems expects that you have implemented a C method called
 `mrb_YOURGEMNAME_gem_init(mrb_state)`. `YOURGEMNAME` will be replaced
 by the name of your GEM. If you call your GEM *c_extension_example*, your
 initialisation method could look like this:
+
 ```C
 void
 mrb_c_extension_example_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb) {
@@ -289,7 +312,6 @@ mruby can be extended with pure Ruby. It is possible to override existing
 classes or add new ones in this way. Put all Ruby files into the *mrblib*
 folder.
 
-
 ### Pre-Conditions
 
 none

doc/guides/symbol.md

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# Symbols
+
+Symbols in `mruby` C source code is represented by `mrb_sym` which is alias of
+`uint32_t`.  Lower 30 bits are used for symbols so that higher 2 bits can be
+used as flags, e.g. `struct mt_elem` in `class.c`.
+
+```C
+struct mt_elem {
+  union mt_ptr ptr;
+  size_t func_p:1;
+  size_t noarg_p:1;
+  mrb_sym key:sizeof(mrb_sym)*8-2;
+};
+```
+
+## C API
+
+We provide following C API for symbols.
+
+### Generate Symbols
+
+#### `mrb_sym mrb_intern(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t)`
+
+Get a symbol from a string.
+
+#### `mrb_sym mrb_intern_check_cstr(mrb_state*,const char*)`
+
+Get a symbol from a NULL terminated (C) string.
+
+#### `mrb_sym mrb_intern_str(mrb_state*,mrb_value)`
+
+Get a symbol from a Ruby string object.
+
+#### `mrb_intern_lit(mrb_state*,const char*)`
+
+Get a symbol from a C string literal. The second argument should be a C string
+literal, otherwise you will get a compilation error. It does not copy C string
+given the fact it's a literal.
+
+#### `mrb_sym mrb_intern_check(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t)`
+
+Get a symbol from a string if the string has been already registered as a
+symbol, otherwise return `0`. We also provide variants `mrb_intern_check_str()`
+(from Ruby string) and `mrb_intern_check_cstr()` (from C string).
+
+#### `const char *mrb_sym_name(mrb_state*,mrb_sym)`
+
+Get a string representation of a symbol as a C string.
+
+#### `const char *mrb_sym_name_len(mrb_state*,mrb_sym,mrb_int*)`
+
+Get a string representation of a symbol, and its length.
+
+## Preallocate Symbols
+
+To save RAM, `mruby` can use compile-time allocation of some symbols. You can
+use following macros to get preallocated symbols by including `mruby/presym.h`
+header.
+
+ * `MRB_SYM(xor)`    //=> xor    (Word characters)
+ * `MRB_SYM_B(xor)`  //=> xor!   (Method with Bang)
+ * `MRB_SYM_Q(xor)`  //=> xor?   (Method with Question mark)
+ * `MRB_SYM_E(xor)`  //=> xor=   (Method with Equal)
+ * `MRB_CVSYM(xor)`  //=> @@xor  (Class Variable)
+ * `MRB_IVSYM(xor)`  //=> @xor   (Instance Variable)
+ * `MRB_OPSYM(xor)`  //=> ^      (Operator)
+
+For `MRB_OPSYM()`, specify the names corresponding to operators (see
+`MRuby::Presym::OPERATORS` in `lib/mruby/presym.rb` for the names that
+can be specified for it). Other than that, describe only word characters
+excluding leading and ending punctuations.
+
+These macros are converted to static symbol IDs at compile time, unless
+preallocate symbols are disabled by  `conf.disable_presym`. In that case,
+these macros are expanded to `mrb_intern_lit` calls, therefore the mruby state
+variable is required. The above macros assume the variable name is `mrb`.  If
+its name is not `mrb`, you need to use macros with `_2` suffix, such as
+`MRB_SYM_2` to specify `mrb_state*` variable.
+
+### Disabling Preallocated Symbols
+
+You can disable preallocated symbols by specifying `conf.disable_presym` in the
+configuration file.

doc/limitations.md

@@ -13,18 +13,9 @@ This document is collecting these limitations.
 This document does not contain a complete list of limitations.
 Please help to improve it by submitting your findings.
 
+## `Array` passed to `puts`
 
-## ```1/2``` gives ```0.5```
-
-Since mruby does not have ```Bignum```, bigger integers are represented
-by ```Float``` numbers. To enhance interoperability between ```Fixnum```
-and ```Float```, mruby provides ```Float#upto``` and other iterating
-methods for the ```Float``` class.  As a side effect, ```1/2``` gives ```0.5```
-not ```0```.
-
-## ```Array``` passed to ```puts```
-
-Passing an Array to ```puts``` results in different output.
+Passing an Array to `puts` results in different output.
 
 ```ruby
 puts [1,2,3]
@@ -38,15 +29,15 @@ puts [1,2,3]
 3
 ```
 
-#### mruby [1.4.1 (2018-4-27)]
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
 
 ```
 [1, 2, 3]
 ```
 
-## ```Kernel.raise``` in rescue clause
+## `Kernel.raise` in rescue clause
 
-```Kernel.raise``` without arguments does not raise the current exception within
+`Kernel.raise` without arguments does not raise the current exception within
 a rescue clause.
 
 ```ruby
@@ -59,21 +50,29 @@ end
 
 #### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
 
-```ZeroDivisionError``` is raised.
+`ZeroDivisionError` is raised.
 
-#### mruby [1.4.1 (2018-4-27)]
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
 
-No exception is raised.
+No exception is raised. Instead you have to do:
+
+```ruby
+begin
+  1 / 0
+rescue => e
+  raise e
+end
+```
 
 ## Fiber execution can't cross C function boundary
 
-mruby's ```Fiber``` is implemented in a similar way to Lua's co-routine. This
+mruby's `Fiber` is implemented in a similar way to Lua's co-routine. This
 results in the consequence that you can't switch context within C functions.
-Only exception is ```mrb_fiber_yield``` at return.
+Only exception is `mrb_fiber_yield` at return.
 
-## ```Array``` does not support instance variables
+## `Array` does not support instance variables
 
-To reduce memory consumption ```Array``` does not support instance variables.
+To reduce memory consumption `Array` does not support instance variables.
 
 ```ruby
 class Liste < Array
@@ -87,16 +86,16 @@ p Liste.new "foobar"
 
 #### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
 
-``` [] ```
+` [] `
 
-#### mruby [1.4.1 (2018-4-27)]
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
 
-```ArgumentError``` is raised.
+`ArgumentError` is raised.
 
 ## Method visibility
 
 For simplicity reasons no method visibility (public/private/protected) is
-supported.
+supported. Those methods are defined but they are dummy methods.
 
 ```ruby
 class VisibleTest
@@ -119,17 +118,53 @@ false
 true
 ```
 
-#### mruby [1.4.1 (2018-4-27)]
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
 
 ```
 true
 true
 ```
 
-## defined?
+### Visibility Declaration
 
-The ```defined?``` keyword is considered too complex to be fully
-implemented. It is recommended to use ```const_defined?``` and
+The declaration form of following visibility methods are not implemented.
+
+* `public`
+* `private`
+* `protected`
+* `module_function`
+
+Especially, `module_function` method is not dummy, but no declaration form.
+
+```
+module TestModule
+  module_function
+  def test_func
+    p 'test_func called'
+  end
+
+  test_func
+end
+
+p 'ok'
+```
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.5.5p157 (2019-03-15 revision 67260)]
+
+```
+ok
+```
+
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
+
+```
+test.rb:8: undefined method 'test_func' (NoMethodError)
+```
+
+## `defined?`
+
+The `defined?` keyword is considered too complex to be fully
+implemented. It is recommended to use `const_defined?` and
 other reflection methods instead.
 
 ```ruby
@@ -142,11 +177,11 @@ defined?(Foo)
 nil
 ```
 
-#### mruby [1.4.1 (2018-4-27)]
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
 
-```NameError``` is raised.
+`NameError` is raised.
 
-## ```alias``` on global variables
+## `alias` on global variables
 
 Aliasing a global variable works in CRuby but is not part
 of the ISO standard.
@@ -157,9 +192,9 @@ alias $a $__a__
 
 #### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
 
-``` nil ```
+` nil `
 
-#### mruby [1.4.1 (2018-4-27)]
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
 
 Syntax error
 
@@ -178,10 +213,86 @@ end
 
 #### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
 
-```ArgumentError``` is raised.
-The re-defined ```+``` operator does not accept any arguments.
+`ArgumentError` is raised.
+The re-defined `+` operator does not accept any arguments.
 
-#### mruby [1.4.1 (2018-4-27)]
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
 
-``` 'ab' ```
+` 'ab' `
 Behavior of the operator wasn't changed.
+
+## `Kernel#binding` is not supported
+
+`Kernel#binding` method is not supported.
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.5.1p57 (2018-03-29 revision 63029)]
+
+```
+$ ruby -e 'puts Proc.new {}.binding'
+#<Binding:0x00000e9deabb9950>
+```
+
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
+
+```
+$ ./bin/mruby -e 'puts Proc.new {}.binding'
+trace (most recent call last):
+        [0] -e:1
+-e:1: undefined method 'binding' (NoMethodError)
+```
+
+## Keyword arguments
+
+mruby keyword arguments behave slightly different from CRuby 2.5
+to make the behavior simpler and less confusing.
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.5.1p57 (2018-03-29 revision 63029)]
+
+```
+$ ruby -e 'def m(*r,**k) p [r,k] end; m("a"=>1,:b=>2)'
+[[{"a"=>1}], {:b=>2}]
+```
+
+#### mruby [mruby 2.1.2]
+
+```
+$ ./bin/mruby -e 'def m(*r,**k) p [r,k] end; m("a"=>1,:b=>2)'
+trace (most recent call last):
+	[0] -e:1
+-e:1: keyword argument hash with non symbol keys (ArgumentError)
+```
+
+## `nil?` redefinition in conditional expressions
+
+Redefinition of `nil?` is ignored in conditional expressions.
+
+```ruby
+a = "a"
+def a.nil?
+  true
+end
+puts(a.nil? ? "truthy" : "falsy")
+```
+
+Ruby outputs `falsy`. mruby outputs `truthy`.
+
+## Argument Destructuring
+
+```ruby
+def m(a,(b,c),d); p [a,b,c,d]; end
+m(1,[2,3],4)  # => [1,2,3,4]
+```
+
+Destructured arguments (`b` and `c` in above example) cannot be accessed
+from the default expression of optional arguments and keyword arguments,
+since actual assignment is done after the evaluation of those default
+expressions. Thus:
+
+```ruby
+def f(a,(b,c),d=b)
+  p [a,b,c,d]
+end
+f(1,[2,3])
+```
+
+CRuby gives `[1,2,3,nil]`. mruby raises `NoMethodError` for `b`.

doc/mruby3.md

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+User visible changes in `mruby3`
+===
+
+# Build System
+
+## `build_config` directory
+
+Typical build configuration files are located in `build_config`
+directory. For examples:
+
+* `default`: the default configuration
+* `host-gprof`: compiles with `gprof` for performance tuning
+* `host-m32`: compiles in gcc 32bit mode on 64bit platforms
+* `boxing`: compiles all three boxing options
+* `clang-asan`: compiles with `clang`'s Address Sanitizer
+
+You can specify the build configuration file with the
+`MRUBY_CONFIG` environment variable (or `CONFIG` in short).
+If the value specified by `MRUBY_CONFIG` is not the path to
+the configuration file, `build_config/${MRUBY_CONFIG}.rb` is
+used.  So you can specify it as `rake MRUBY_CONFIG=boxing`,
+for example.
+
+# Build Configuration Contribution
+
+When you write a new build configuration description, please
+contribute. We welcome your contribution as a GitHub
+pull-request.
+
+# Language Changes
+
+## New Syntax
+
+We have ported some new syntax from CRuby.
+
+* Single line pattern matching (`12 => x`);
+  mruby matches only with local variables at the moment
+* Numbered block parameter (`x.map{_1 * 2}`)
+* End-less `def` (`def double(x) = x*2`)
+
+# Configuration Options Changed
+
+## Renamed for consistency
+
+Some configuration macro names are changed for consistency (use `MRB_USE_XXX`
+ or `MRB_NO_XXX`).
+
+|             mruby2             |          mruby3           |
+|--------------------------------|---------------------------|
+| `MRB_ENABLE_ALL_SYMBOLS`       | `MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS`     |
+| `MRB_ENABLE_CXX_ABI`           | `MRB_USE_CXX_ABI`         |
+| `MRB_ENABLE_CXX_EXCEPTION`     | `MRB_USE_CXX_EXCEPTION`   |
+| `MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK`        | `MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK`      |
+| `MRB_DISABLE_DIRECT_THREADING` | `MRB_NO_DIRECT_THREADING` |
+| `MRB_DISABLE_STDIO`            | `MRB_NO_STDIO`            |
+| `MRB_METHOD_T_STRUCT`          | `MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT` |
+| `MRB_USE_FLOAT`                | `MRB_USE_FLOAT32`         |
+| `MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT`            | `MRB_NO_FLOAT`            |
+| `ENABLE_LINENOISE`             | `MRB_USE_LINENOISE`       |
+| `ENABLE_READLINE`              | `MRB_USE_READLINE`        |
+| `DISABLE_MIRB_UNDERSCORE`      | `MRB_NO_MIRB_UNDERSCORE`  |
+
+* `MRB_USE_FLOAT32` is changed from `MRB_USE_FLOAT` to make sure `float` here
+   means using single precision float, and not the opposite of `MRB_NO_FLOAT`.
+* `MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT` uses `struct` version of `mrb_method_t`. More
+  portable but consumes more memory. Turned on by default on 32bit platforms.
+* `MRB_` prefix is added to those without.
+
+## `MRB_NO_BOXING`
+
+Uses `struct` to represent `mrb_value`. Consumes more memory
+but easier to investigate the internal and to debug. It used
+to be default `mrb_value` representation. Now the default is
+`MRB_WORD_BOXING`.
+
+## `MRB_WORD_BOXING`
+
+Pack `mrb_value` in an `intptr_t` integer. Consumes less
+memory compared to `MRB_NO_BOXING` especially on 32 bit
+platforms. `Fixnum` size is 31 bits so some integer values
+does not fit in `Fixnum` integers.
+
+## `MRB_NAN_BOXING`
+
+Pack `mrb_value` in a floating pointer number. Nothing
+changed from previous versions.
+
+## `MRB_USE_MALLOC_TRIM`
+
+Call `malloc_trim(0)` from mrb_full_gc() if this macro is defined.
+If you are using glibc malloc, this macro could reduce memory consumption.
+
+# Command Line Program
+
+## `bin/mruby` (by mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby)
+
+The mruby3 now automatically detects `*.mrb` files without the `-b`
+switch. Therefore, it can be mixed with the `*.rb` file in combination
+with the `-r` switch and specified at the same time.
+Here's an example that works fine:
+
+```console
+$ bin/mruby app.mrb
+$ bin/mruby -r lib1.mrb -r lib2.rb app.rb
+$ bin/mruby -r lib1.rb -r lib2.rb < app.mrb
+```
+
+# Internal Changes
+
+## New Instructions
+
+`mruby3` introduces a few new instructions.
+
+Instructions that access pool[i]/syms[i] where i>255.
+
+* `OP_LOADL16`
+* `OP_STRING16`
+* `OP_LOADSYM16`
+
+Instructions that load a 32 bit integer.
+
+* `OP_LOADI32`
+
+Instruction that unwinds jump table for rescue/ensure.
+
+* `OP_JMPUW`
+
+Renamed from `OP_RAISE`
+
+* `OP_RAISEIF`
+
+Instruction that is reserved for the future keyword argument support.
+
+* OP_SENDVK
+
+## Removed Instructions
+
+Instructions for old exception handling
+
+* `OP_ONERR`
+* `OP_POPERR`
+* `OP_EPUSH`
+* `OP_EPOP`
+
+No more operand extension
+
+* `OP_EXT1`
+* `OP_EXT2`
+* `OP_EXT3`
+
+## Changed Instructions
+
+Jump addresses used to be specified by absolute offset from the start of `iseq`. Now they are relative offset from the address of the next instruction.
+
+## `Random` now use `xoshiro128++`.
+
+For better and faster random number generation.
+
+## Preallocated Symbol
+
+Preallocated symbols are interned at compile-time. They can be accessed via symbols macros (e.g. `MRB_SYM()`).
+
+See [Symbols](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/doc/guides/symbol.md).

doc/opcode.md

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+# The new bytecode
+
+We will reimplement VM to use 8bit instruction code. By
+bytecode, we mean real byte code. The whole purpose is
+reducing the memory consumption of mruby VM.
+
+# Instructions
+
+Instructions are bytes. There can be 256 instructions. Currently we
+have 94 instructions. Instructions can take 0 to 3 operands.
+
+## operands
+
+The size of operands can be either 8bits, 16bits or 24bits.
+In the table.1 below, the second field describes the size (and
+sign) of operands.
+
+* B: 8bit
+* S: 16bit
+* sS: signed 16bit
+* W: 24bit
+
+## table.1 Instruction Table
+
+| Instruction Name | Operand type | Semantics                                              |
+|------------------|--------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
+| OP_NOP           | -            | no operation                                           |
+| OP_MOVE          | BB           | R(a) = R(b)                                            |
+| OP_LOADL         | BB           | R(a) = Pool(b)                                         |
+| OP_LOADI         | BB           | R(a) = mrb_int(b)                                      |
+| OP_LOADINEG      | BB           | R(a) = mrb_int(-b)                                     |
+| OP_LOADI__1      | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(-1)                                     |
+| OP_LOADI_0       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(0)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_1       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(1)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_2       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(2)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_3       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(3)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_4       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(4)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_5       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(5)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_6       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(6)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_7       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(7)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI16       | BsS          | R(a) = mrb_int(b)                                      |
+| OP_LOADSYM       | BB           | R(a) = Syms(b)                                         |
+| OP_LOADNIL       | B            | R(a) = nil                                             |
+| OP_LOADSELF      | B            | R(a) = self                                            |
+| OP_LOADT         | B            | R(a) = true                                            |
+| OP_LOADF         | B            | R(a) = false                                           |
+| OP_GETGV         | BB           | R(a) = getglobal(Syms(b))                              |
+| OP_SETGV         | BB           | setglobal(Syms(b), R(a))                               |
+| OP_GETSV         | BB           | R(a) = Special[Syms(b)]                                |
+| OP_SETSV         | BB           | Special[Syms(b)] = R(a)                                |
+| OP_GETIV         | BB           | R(a) = ivget(Syms(b))                                  |
+| OP_SETIV         | BB           | ivset(Syms(b),R(a))                                    |
+| OP_GETCV         | BB           | R(a) = cvget(Syms(b))                                  |
+| OP_SETCV         | BB           | cvset(Syms(b),R(a))                                    |
+| OP_GETCONST      | BB           | R(a) = constget(Syms(b))                               |
+| OP_SETCONST      | BB           | constset(Syms(b),R(a))                                 |
+| OP_GETMCNST      | BB           | R(a) = R(a)::Syms(b)                                   |
+| OP_SETMCNST      | BB           | R(a+1)::Syms(b) = R(a)                                 |
+| OP_GETUPVAR      | BBB          | R(a) = uvget(b,c)                                      |
+| OP_SETUPVAR      | BBB          | uvset(b,c,R(a))                                        |
+| OP_JMP           | S            | pc=a                                                   |
+| OP_JMPIF         | BS           | if R(a) pc=b                                           |
+| OP_JMPNOT        | BS           | if !R(a) pc=b                                          |
+| OP_JMPNIL        | BS           | if R(a)==nil pc=b                                      |
+| OP_JMPUW         | S            | unwind_and_jump_to(a)                                  |
+| OP_EXCEPT        | B            | R(a) = exc                                             |
+| OP_RESCUE        | BB           | R(b) = R(a).isa?(R(b))                                 |
+| OP_RAISEIF       | B            | raise(R(a)) if R(a)                                    |
+| OP_SENDV         | BB           | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),*R(a+1))                      |
+| OP_SENDVB        | BB           | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),*R(a+1),&R(a+2))              |
+| OP_SEND          | BBB          | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1),...,R(a+c))            |
+| OP_SENDB         | BBB          | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1),...,R(a+c),&R(a+c+1))  |
+| OP_CALL          | -            | R(0) = self.call(frame.argc, frame.argv)               |
+| OP_SUPER         | BB           | R(a) = super(R(a+1),... ,R(a+b+1))                     |
+| OP_ARGARY        | BS           | R(a) = argument array (16=5:1:5:1:4)                   |
+| OP_ENTER         | W            | arg setup according to flags (23=5:5:1:5:5:1:1)        |
+| OP_KEY_P         | BB           | R(a) = kdict.key?(Syms(b))                             |
+| OP_KEYEND        | -            | raise unless kdict.empty?                              |
+| OP_KARG          | BB           | R(a) = kdict[Syms(b)]; kdict.delete(Syms(b))           |
+| OP_RETURN        | B            | return R(a) (normal)                                   |
+| OP_RETURN_BLK    | B            | return R(a) (in-block return)                          |
+| OP_BREAK         | B            | break R(a)                                             |
+| OP_BLKPUSH       | BS           | R(a) = block (16=5:1:5:1:4)                            |
+| OP_ADD           | B            | R(a) = R(a)+R(a+1)                                     |
+| OP_ADDI          | BB           | R(a) = R(a)+mrb_int(b)                                 |
+| OP_SUB           | B            | R(a) = R(a)-R(a+1)                                     |
+| OP_SUBI          | BB           | R(a) = R(a)-mrb_int(b)                                 |
+| OP_MUL           | B            | R(a) = R(a)*R(a+1)                                     |
+| OP_DIV           | B            | R(a) = R(a)/R(a+1)                                     |
+| OP_EQ            | B            | R(a) = R(a)==R(a+1)                                    |
+| OP_LT            | B            | R(a) = R(a)<R(a+1)                                     |
+| OP_LE            | B            | R(a) = R(a)<=R(a+1)                                    |
+| OP_GT            | B            | R(a) = R(a)>R(a+1)                                     |
+| OP_GE            | B            | R(a) = R(a)>=R(a+1)                                    |
+| OP_ARRAY         | BB           | R(a) = ary_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b))                    |
+| OP_ARRAY2        | BBB          | R(a) = ary_new(R(b),R(b+1)..R(b+c))                    |
+| OP_ARYCAT        | B            | ary_cat(R(a),R(a+1))                                   |
+| OP_ARYPUSH       | B            | ary_push(R(a),R(a+1))                                  |
+| OP_ARYDUP        | B            | R(a) = ary_dup(R(a))                                   |
+| OP_AREF          | BBB          | R(a) = R(b)[c]                                         |
+| OP_ASET          | BBB          | R(a)[c] = R(b)                                         |
+| OP_APOST         | BBB          | *R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+c) = R(a)[b..]                       |
+| OP_INTERN        | B            | R(a) = intern(R(a))                                    |
+| OP_STRING        | BB           | R(a) = str_dup(Lit(b))                                 |
+| OP_STRCAT        | B            | str_cat(R(a),R(a+1))                                   |
+| OP_HASH          | BB           | R(a) = hash_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b))                   |
+| OP_HASHADD       | BB           | R(a) = hash_push(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b))                  |
+| OP_HASHCAT       | B            | R(a) = hash_cat(R(a),R(a+1))                           |
+| OP_LAMBDA        | BB           | R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],OP_L_LAMBDA)                      |
+| OP_BLOCK         | BB           | R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],OP_L_BLOCK)                       |
+| OP_METHOD        | BB           | R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],OP_L_METHOD)                      |
+| OP_RANGE_INC     | B            | R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),FALSE)                    |
+| OP_RANGE_EXC     | B            | R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),TRUE)                     |
+| OP_OCLASS        | B            | R(a) = ::Object                                        |
+| OP_CLASS         | BB           | R(a) = newclass(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1))                   |
+| OP_MODULE        | BB           | R(a) = newmodule(R(a),Syms(b))                         |
+| OP_EXEC          | BB           | R(a) = blockexec(R(a),SEQ[b])                          |
+| OP_DEF           | BB           | R(a).newmethod(Syms(b),R(a+1))                         |
+| OP_ALIAS         | BB           | alias_method(target_class,Syms(a),Syms(b))             |
+| OP_UNDEF         | B            | undef_method(target_class,Syms(a))                     |
+| OP_SCLASS        | B            | R(a) = R(a).singleton_class                            |
+| OP_TCLASS        | B            | R(a) = target_class                                    |
+| OP_DEBUG         | BBB          | print a,b,c                                            |
+| OP_ERR           | B            | raise(LocalJumpError, Lit(a))                          |
+| OP_STOP          | -            | stop VM                                                |
+|------------------|--------------|--------------------------------------------------------|

examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example/mrblib/example.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 module CRubyExtension
   def CRubyExtension.ruby_method
-    puts "A Ruby Extension"
+    puts "#{self}: A Ruby Extension"
   end
 end

examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example/src/example.c

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 #include <mruby.h>
+#include <mruby/string.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 static mrb_value
 mrb_c_method(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
-  puts("A C Extension");
+  mrb_value self_str = mrb_str_to_str(mrb, self);
+
+  printf("%s: A C Extension\n", mrb_str_to_cstr(mrb, self_str));
+
   return self;
 }
 

examples/mrbgems/c_extension_example/src/example.c

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 #include <mruby.h>
+#include <mruby/string.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 static mrb_value
 mrb_c_method(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
-  puts("A C Extension");
+  mrb_value self_str = mrb_str_to_str(mrb, self);
+
+  printf("%s: A C Extension\n", mrb_str_to_cstr(mrb, self_str));
+
   return self;
 }
 

examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example/mrblib/example.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 class RubyExtension
   def RubyExtension.ruby_method
-    puts "A Ruby Extension"
+    puts "#{self}: A Ruby Extension"
   end
 end

examples/targets/build_config_android_arm64-v8a.rb

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-end
-
-# Requires Android NDK r13 or later.
-MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-arm64-v8a') do |conf|
-  params = { 
-    :arch => 'arm64-v8a', 
-    :platform => 'android-24',
-    :toolchain => :clang,
-  }
-  toolchain :android, params
-
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-end

examples/targets/build_config_android_armeabi.rb

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-end
-
-# Requires Android NDK r13 or later.
-MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-armeabi') do |conf|
-  params = { 
-    :arch => 'armeabi', 
-    :platform => 'android-24',
-    :toolchain => :clang,
-  }
-  toolchain :android, params
-
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-end

include/mrbconf.h

@@ -25,30 +25,73 @@
 #endif
 
 /* configuration options: */
-/* add -DMRB_USE_FLOAT to use float instead of double for floating point numbers */
-//#define MRB_USE_FLOAT
+/* add -DMRB_USE_FLOAT32 to use float instead of double for floating point numbers */
+//#define MRB_USE_FLOAT32
 
 /* exclude floating point numbers */
-//#define MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+//#define MRB_NO_FLOAT
 
-/* add -DMRB_METHOD_CACHE to use method cache to improve performance */
-//#define MRB_METHOD_CACHE
+/* obsolete configuration */
+#if defined(MRB_USE_FLOAT)
+# define MRB_USE_FLOAT32
+#endif
+
+/* obsolete configuration */
+#if defined(MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT)
+# define MRB_NO_FLOAT
+#endif
+
+#if defined(MRB_USE_FLOAT32) && defined(MRB_NO_FLOAT)
+#error Cannot define MRB_USE_FLOAT32 and MRB_NO_FLOAT at the same time
+#endif
+
+/* add -DMRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE to disable method cache to save memory */
+//#define MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
 /* size of the method cache (need to be the power of 2) */
-//#define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<7)
+//#define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<8)
 
-/* add -DMRB_METHOD_TABLE_INLINE to reduce the size of method table */
-/* MRB_METHOD_TABLE_INLINE requires LSB of function pointers to be zero */
-/* you might need to specify --falign-functions=n (where n>1) */
-//#define MRB_METHOD_TABLE_INLINE
+/* add -DMRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT on machines that use higher bits of function pointers */
+/* no MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT requires highest 2 bits of function pointers to be zero */
+#ifndef MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
+  // can't use highest 2 bits of function pointers at least on 32bit
+  // Windows and 32bit Linux.
+# ifdef MRB_32BIT
+#   define MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
+# endif
+#endif
 
-/* add -DMRB_INT16 to use 16bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT64 */
-//#define MRB_INT16
+/* define on big endian machines; used by MRB_NAN_BOXING, etc. */
+#ifndef MRB_ENDIAN_BIG
+# if (defined(BYTE_ORDER) && defined(BIG_ENDIAN) && BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN) || \
+     (defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && defined(__ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__) && __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
+#  define MRB_ENDIAN_BIG
+# endif
+#endif
 
-/* add -DMRB_INT64 to use 64bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT16 */
+/* represent mrb_value in boxed double; conflict with MRB_USE_FLOAT32 and MRB_NO_FLOAT */
+//#define MRB_NAN_BOXING
+
+/* represent mrb_value as a word (natural unit of data for the processor) */
+//#define MRB_WORD_BOXING
+
+/* represent mrb_value as a struct; occupies 2 words */
+//#define MRB_NO_BOXING
+
+/* if no specific boxing type is chosen */
+#if !defined(MRB_NAN_BOXING) && !defined(MRB_WORD_BOXING) && !defined(MRB_NO_BOXING)
+# define MRB_WORD_BOXING
+#endif
+
+/* add -DMRB_INT32 to use 32bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT64;
+   Default for 32-bit CPU mode. */
+//#define MRB_INT32
+
+/* add -DMRB_INT64 to use 64bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT32;
+   Default for 64-bit CPU mode (unless using MRB_NAN_BOXING). */
 //#define MRB_INT64
 
 /* if no specific integer type is chosen */
-#if !defined(MRB_INT16) && !defined(MRB_INT32) && !defined(MRB_INT64)
+#if !defined(MRB_INT32) && !defined(MRB_INT64)
 # if defined(MRB_64BIT) && !defined(MRB_NAN_BOXING)
 /* Use 64bit integers on 64bit architecture (without MRB_NAN_BOXING) */
 #  define MRB_INT64
@@ -58,14 +101,8 @@
 # endif
 #endif
 
-/* represent mrb_value in boxed double; conflict with MRB_USE_FLOAT and MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT */
-//#define MRB_NAN_BOXING
-
-/* define on big endian machines; used by MRB_NAN_BOXING */
-//#define MRB_ENDIAN_BIG
-
-/* represent mrb_value as a word (natural unit of data for the processor) */
-//#define MRB_WORD_BOXING
+/* call malloc_trim(0) from mrb_full_gc() */
+//#define MRB_USE_MALLOC_TRIM
 
 /* string class to handle UTF-8 encoding */
 //#define MRB_UTF8_STRING
@@ -76,12 +113,13 @@
 /* number of object per heap page */
 //#define MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE 1024
 
-/* if _etext and _edata available, mruby can reduce memory used by symbols */
-//#define MRB_USE_ETEXT_EDATA
+/* if __ehdr_start is available, mruby can reduce memory used by symbols */
+//#define MRB_USE_LINK_TIME_RO_DATA_P
 
-/* do not use __init_array_start to determine readonly data section;
-   effective only when MRB_USE_ETEXT_EDATA is defined */
-//#define MRB_NO_INIT_ARRAY_START
+/* if MRB_USE_LINK_TIME_RO_DATA_P does not work,
+   you can try mrb_ro_data_p() that you have implemented yourself in any file;
+   prototype is `mrb_bool mrb_ro_data_p(const char *ptr)` */
+//#define MRB_USE_CUSTOM_RO_DATA_P
 
 /* turn off generational GC by default */
 //#define MRB_GC_TURN_OFF_GENERATIONAL
@@ -95,9 +133,6 @@
 /* page size of memory pool */
 //#define POOL_PAGE_SIZE 16000
 
-/* initial minimum size for string buffer */
-//#define MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE 128
-
 /* arena size */
 //#define MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE 100
 
@@ -110,25 +145,39 @@
 /* fixed size state atexit stack */
 //#define MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK
 
-/* -DMRB_DISABLE_XXXX to drop following features */
-//#define MRB_DISABLE_STDIO /* use of stdio */
+/* -DMRB_NO_XXXX to drop following features */
+//#define MRB_NO_STDIO /* use of stdio */
 
-/* -DMRB_ENABLE_XXXX to enable following features */
-//#define MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK /* hooks for debugger */
+/* -DMRB_USE_XXXX to enable following features */
+//#define MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK /* hooks for debugger */
+//#define MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS /* Symbol.all_symbols */
+
+/* obsolete configurations */
+#ifdef MRB_METHOD_T_STRUCT
+# define MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
+#endif
+#if defined(DISABLE_STDIO) || defined(MRB_DISABLE_STDIO)
+# define MRB_NO_STDIO
+#endif
+#ifdef MRB_DISABLE_DIRECT_THREADING
+# define MRB_NO_DIRECT_THREADING
+#endif
+#if defined(ENABLE_DEBUG) || defined(MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK)
+# define MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK
+#endif
+#ifdef MRB_ENABLE_ALL_SYMBOLS
+# define MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS
+#endif
+#ifdef MRB_ENABLE_CXX_ABI
+# define MRB_USE_CXX_ABI
+#endif
+#ifdef MRB_ENABLE_CXX_EXCEPTION
+# define MRB_USE_CXX_EXCEPTION
+#endif
 
 /* end of configuration */
 
-/* define MRB_DISABLE_XXXX from DISABLE_XXX (for compatibility) */
-#ifdef DISABLE_STDIO
-#define MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
-#endif
-
-/* define MRB_ENABLE_XXXX from ENABLE_XXX (for compatibility) */
-#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG
-#define MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK
-#endif
-
-#ifndef MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
+#ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
 # include <stdio.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -140,4 +189,46 @@
 # define TRUE 1
 #endif
 
+/*
+** mruby tuning profiles
+**/
+
+/* A profile for micro controllers */
+#if defined(MRB_CONSTRAINED_BASELINE_PROFILE)
+# ifndef MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
+#  define MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
+# endif
+
+# ifndef KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE
+#  define KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE 16
+# endif
+
+# ifndef MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE
+#  define MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE 256
+# endif
+
+/* A profile for default mruby */
+#elif defined(MRB_BASELINE_PROFILE)
+
+/* A profile for desktop computers or workstations; rich memory! */
+#elif defined(MRB_MAIN_PROFILE)
+# ifndef MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE
+#  define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<10)
+# endif
+
+# ifndef MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE
+#  define MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE 4096
+# endif
+
+/* A profile for server; mruby vm is long life */
+#elif defined(MRB_HIGH_PROFILE)
+# ifndef MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE
+#  define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<12)
+# endif
+
+# ifndef MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE
+#  define MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE 4096
+# endif
+#endif
+
 #endif  /* MRUBYCONF_H */

include/mruby/array.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/array.h - Array class
+/**
+** @file mruby/array.h - Array class
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -17,23 +17,32 @@ MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
 typedef struct mrb_shared_array {
   int refcnt;
-  mrb_int len;
+  mrb_ssize len;
   mrb_value *ptr;
 } mrb_shared_array;
 
-#define MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX ((mrb_int)(sizeof(void*)*3/sizeof(mrb_value)))
+#if defined(MRB_32BIT) && defined(MRB_NO_BOXING)
+# define MRB_ARY_NO_EMBED
+# define MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX 0
+#else
+# define MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX ((mrb_int)(sizeof(void*)*3/sizeof(mrb_value)))
+mrb_static_assert(MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX > 0, "MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX > 0");
+#endif
+
 struct RArray {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
   union {
     struct {
-      mrb_int len;
+      mrb_ssize len;
       union {
-        mrb_int capa;
+        mrb_ssize capa;
         mrb_shared_array *shared;
       } aux;
       mrb_value *ptr;
     } heap;
-    mrb_value embed[MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX];
+#ifndef MRB_ARY_NO_EMBED
+    mrb_value ary[MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX];
+#endif
   } as;
 };
 
@@ -41,12 +50,20 @@ struct RArray {
 #define mrb_ary_value(p)  mrb_obj_value((void*)(p))
 #define RARRAY(v)  ((struct RArray*)(mrb_ptr(v)))
 
+#ifdef MRB_ARY_NO_EMBED
+#define ARY_EMBED_P(a) 0
+#define ARY_UNSET_EMBED_FLAG(a) (void)0
+#define ARY_EMBED_LEN(a) 0
+#define ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(a,len) (void)0
+#define ARY_EMBED_PTR(a) 0
+#else
 #define MRB_ARY_EMBED_MASK  7
 #define ARY_EMBED_P(a) ((a)->flags & MRB_ARY_EMBED_MASK)
 #define ARY_UNSET_EMBED_FLAG(a) ((a)->flags &= ~(MRB_ARY_EMBED_MASK))
 #define ARY_EMBED_LEN(a) ((mrb_int)(((a)->flags & MRB_ARY_EMBED_MASK) - 1))
 #define ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(a,len) ((a)->flags = ((a)->flags&~MRB_ARY_EMBED_MASK) | ((uint32_t)(len) + 1))
-#define ARY_EMBED_PTR(a) (&((a)->as.embed[0]))
+#define ARY_EMBED_PTR(a) ((a)->as.ary)
+#endif
 
 #define ARY_LEN(a) (ARY_EMBED_P(a)?ARY_EMBED_LEN(a):(a)->as.heap.len)
 #define ARY_PTR(a) (ARY_EMBED_P(a)?ARY_EMBED_PTR(a):(a)->as.heap.ptr)
@@ -199,6 +216,7 @@ MRB_API void mrb_ary_set(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_int n, mrb_value val
  * @param other The array to replace it with.
  */
 MRB_API void mrb_ary_replace(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self, mrb_value other);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ensure_array_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_array_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
 
 /*
@@ -226,6 +244,23 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_unshift(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self, mrb_value item
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_entry(mrb_value ary, mrb_int offset);
 
+/*
+ * Replace subsequence of an array.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *      ary[head, len] = rpl
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param self The array from which the value will be partiality replaced.
+ * @param head Beginning position of a replacement subsequence.
+ * @param len Length of a replacement subsequence.
+ * @param rpl The array of replacement elements.
+ *            It is possible to pass `mrb_undef_value()` instead of an empty array.
+ * @return The receiver array.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_splice(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self, mrb_int head, mrb_int len, mrb_value rpl);
+
 /*
  * Shifts the first element from the array.
  *
@@ -261,7 +296,7 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_clear(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
  *
  * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
  * @param ary The target array
- * @param sep The separater, can be NULL
+ * @param sep The separator, can be NULL
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_join(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_value sep);
 
@@ -274,6 +309,9 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_join(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_value sep);
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_resize(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_int new_len);
 
+/* helper functions */
+mrb_value mrb_ary_subseq(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_int beg, mrb_int len);
+
 MRB_END_DECL
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_ARRAY_H */

include/mruby/boxing_nan.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/boxing_nan.h - nan boxing mrb_value definition
+/**
+** @file mruby/boxing_nan.h - nan boxing mrb_value definition
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 #ifndef MRUBY_BOXING_NAN_H
 #define MRUBY_BOXING_NAN_H
 
-#ifdef MRB_USE_FLOAT
-# error ---->> MRB_NAN_BOXING and MRB_USE_FLOAT conflict <<----
+#ifdef MRB_USE_FLOAT32
+# error ---->> MRB_NAN_BOXING and MRB_USE_FLOAT32 conflict <<----
 #endif
 
-#ifdef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
-# error ---->> MRB_NAN_BOXING and MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT conflict <<----
+#ifdef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+# error ---->> MRB_NAN_BOXING and MRB_NO_FLOAT conflict <<----
 #endif
 
 #ifdef MRB_INT64
@@ -20,13 +20,9 @@
 #endif
 
 #define MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT 0
-#define MRB_TT_HAS_BASIC MRB_TT_OBJECT
-
-#ifdef MRB_ENDIAN_BIG
-#define MRB_ENDIAN_LOHI(a,b) a b
-#else
-#define MRB_ENDIAN_LOHI(a,b) b a
-#endif
+#define MRB_SYMBOL_SHIFT 0
+#define MRB_FIXNUM_MIN INT32_MIN
+#define MRB_FIXNUM_MAX INT32_MAX
 
 /* value representation by nan-boxing:
  *   float : FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
@@ -37,66 +33,98 @@
  * in the right direction. Also, TTTTTT is the mrb_vtype + 1;
  */
 typedef struct mrb_value {
-  union {
-    mrb_float f;
-    union {
-      void *p;
-      struct {
-        MRB_ENDIAN_LOHI(
-          uint32_t ttt;
-          ,union {
-            mrb_int i;
-            mrb_sym sym;
-          };
-        )
-      };
-    } value;
-  };
+  uint64_t u;
 } mrb_value;
 
-#define mrb_float_pool(mrb,f) mrb_float_value(mrb,f)
+union mrb_value_ {
+  mrb_float f;
+  uint64_t u;
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+  void *p;
+# define BOXNAN_IMMEDIATE_VALUE uint32_t i
+#else
+# define BOXNAN_IMMEDIATE_VALUE union { uint32_t i; void *p; }
+#endif
+  struct {
+    MRB_ENDIAN_LOHI(
+      uint32_t ttt;
+      ,BOXNAN_IMMEDIATE_VALUE;
+    )
+  };
+  mrb_value value;
+};
 
-#define mrb_tt(o)       ((enum mrb_vtype)(((o).value.ttt & 0xfc000)>>14)-1)
-#define mrb_type(o)     (enum mrb_vtype)((uint32_t)0xfff00000 < (o).value.ttt ? mrb_tt(o) : MRB_TT_FLOAT)
-#define mrb_ptr(o)      ((void*)((((uintptr_t)0x3fffffffffff)&((uintptr_t)((o).value.p)))<<2))
-#define mrb_float(o)    (o).f
-#define mrb_cptr(o)     mrb_ptr(o)
-#define mrb_fixnum(o)   (o).value.i
-#define mrb_symbol(o)   (o).value.sym
+mrb_static_assert1(sizeof(mrb_value) == sizeof(union mrb_value_));
+
+static inline union mrb_value_
+mrb_val_union(mrb_value v)
+{
+  union mrb_value_ x;
+  x.value = v;
+  return x;
+}
+
+#define mrb_tt(o)       ((enum mrb_vtype)((mrb_val_union(o).ttt & 0xfc000)>>14)-1)
+#define mrb_type(o)     (enum mrb_vtype)((uint32_t)0xfff00000 < mrb_val_union(o).ttt ? mrb_tt(o) : MRB_TT_FLOAT)
+#define mrb_float(o)    mrb_val_union(o).f
+#define mrb_fixnum(o)   ((mrb_int)mrb_val_union(o).i)
+#define mrb_integer(o)  mrb_fixnum(o)
+#define mrb_symbol(o)   ((mrb_sym)mrb_val_union(o).i)
 
 #ifdef MRB_64BIT
+#define mrb_ptr(o)      ((void*)((((uintptr_t)0x3fffffffffff)&((uintptr_t)(mrb_val_union(o).p)))<<2))
+#define mrb_cptr(o)     (((struct RCptr*)mrb_ptr(o))->p)
 #define BOXNAN_SHIFT_LONG_POINTER(v) (((uintptr_t)(v)>>34)&0x3fff)
 #else
+#define mrb_ptr(o)      ((void*)mrb_val_union(o).i)
+#define mrb_cptr(o)     mrb_ptr(o)
 #define BOXNAN_SHIFT_LONG_POINTER(v) 0
 #endif
 
-#define BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(o, tt, attr, v) do {\
-  (o).attr = (v);\
-  (o).value.ttt = 0xfff00000 | (((tt)+1)<<14);\
+#define BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(o, tt, attr, v) do { \
+  union mrb_value_ mrb_value_union_variable; \
+  mrb_value_union_variable.attr = (v);\
+  mrb_value_union_variable.ttt = 0xfff00000 | (((tt)+1)<<14);\
+  o = mrb_value_union_variable.value;\
 } while (0)
 
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
 #define BOXNAN_SET_OBJ_VALUE(o, tt, v) do {\
-  (o).value.p = (void*)((uintptr_t)(v)>>2);\
-  (o).value.ttt = (0xfff00000|(((tt)+1)<<14)|BOXNAN_SHIFT_LONG_POINTER(v));\
+  union mrb_value_ mrb_value_union_variable;\
+  mrb_value_union_variable.p = (void*)((uintptr_t)(v)>>2);\
+  mrb_value_union_variable.ttt = (0xfff00000|(((tt)+1)<<14)|BOXNAN_SHIFT_LONG_POINTER(v));\
+  o = mrb_value_union_variable.value;\
 } while (0)
+#else
+#define BOXNAN_SET_OBJ_VALUE(o, tt, v) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(o, tt, i, (uint32_t)v)
+#endif
 
 #define SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb,r,v) do { \
-  if (v != v) { \
-    (r).value.ttt = 0x7ff80000; \
-    (r).value.i = 0; \
+  union mrb_value_ mrb_value_union_variable; \
+  if ((v) != (v)) { /* NaN */ \
+    mrb_value_union_variable.ttt = 0x7ff80000; \
+    mrb_value_union_variable.i = 0; \
   } \
   else { \
-    (r).f = v; \
-  }} while(0)
+    mrb_value_union_variable.f = (v); \
+  } \
+  r = mrb_value_union_variable.value; \
+} while(0)
 
-#define SET_NIL_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 0)
-#define SET_FALSE_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_TRUE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_BOOL_VALUE(r,b) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, b ? MRB_TT_TRUE : MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_INT_VALUE(r,n) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FIXNUM, value.i, (n))
-#define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,v) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_SYMBOL, value.sym, (v))
+#define SET_NIL_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, i, 0)
+#define SET_FALSE_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, i, 1)
+#define SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_TRUE, i, 1)
+#define SET_BOOL_VALUE(r,b) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, b ? MRB_TT_TRUE : MRB_TT_FALSE, i, 1)
+#define SET_INT_VALUE(mrb, r,n) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_INTEGER, i, (uint32_t)(n))
+#define SET_FIXNUM_VALUE(r,n) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_INTEGER, i, (uint32_t)(n))
+#define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,v) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_SYMBOL, i, (uint32_t)(v))
 #define SET_OBJ_VALUE(r,v) BOXNAN_SET_OBJ_VALUE(r, (((struct RObject*)(v))->tt), (v))
-#define SET_CPTR_VALUE(mrb,r,v) BOXNAN_SET_OBJ_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_CPTR, v)
-#define SET_UNDEF_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_UNDEF, value.i, 0)
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_nan_boxing_cptr_value(struct mrb_state*, void*);
+#define SET_CPTR_VALUE(mrb,r,v) ((r) = mrb_nan_boxing_cptr_value(mrb, v))
+#else
+#define SET_CPTR_VALUE(mrb,r,v) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_CPTR, p, v)
+#endif
+#define SET_UNDEF_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_UNDEF, i, 0)
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_BOXING_NAN_H */

include/mruby/boxing_no.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/boxing_no.h - unboxed mrb_value definition
+/**
+** @file mruby/boxing_no.h - unboxed mrb_value definition
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -8,30 +8,31 @@
 #define MRUBY_BOXING_NO_H
 
 #define MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT 0
-#define MRB_TT_HAS_BASIC MRB_TT_OBJECT
+#define MRB_SYMBOL_SHIFT 0
+#define MRB_FIXNUM_MIN MRB_INT_MIN
+#define MRB_FIXNUM_MAX MRB_INT_MAX
+
+union mrb_value_union {
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+  mrb_float f;
+#endif
+  void *p;
+  mrb_int i;
+  mrb_sym sym;
+};
 
 typedef struct mrb_value {
-  union {
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
-    mrb_float f;
-#endif
-    void *p;
-    mrb_int i;
-    mrb_sym sym;
-  } value;
+  union mrb_value_union value;
   enum mrb_vtype tt;
 } mrb_value;
 
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
-#define mrb_float_pool(mrb,f) mrb_float_value(mrb,f)
-#endif
-
 #define mrb_ptr(o)      (o).value.p
 #define mrb_cptr(o)     mrb_ptr(o)
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 #define mrb_float(o)    (o).value.f
 #endif
 #define mrb_fixnum(o)   (o).value.i
+#define mrb_integer(o)  mrb_fixnum(o)
 #define mrb_symbol(o)   (o).value.sym
 #define mrb_type(o)     (o).tt
 
@@ -44,8 +45,9 @@ typedef struct mrb_value {
 #define SET_FALSE_VALUE(r) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
 #define SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_TRUE, value.i, 1)
 #define SET_BOOL_VALUE(r,b) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, b ? MRB_TT_TRUE : MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_INT_VALUE(r,n) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FIXNUM, value.i, (n))
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#define SET_INT_VALUE(mrb,r,n) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_INTEGER, value.i, (n))
+#define SET_FIXNUM_VALUE(r,n) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_INTEGER, value.i, (n))
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 #define SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb,r,v) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FLOAT, value.f, (v))
 #endif
 #define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,v) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_SYMBOL, value.sym, (v))

include/mruby/boxing_word.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/boxing_word.h - word boxing mrb_value definition
+/**
+** @file mruby/boxing_word.h - word boxing mrb_value definition
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -7,130 +7,199 @@
 #ifndef MRUBY_BOXING_WORD_H
 #define MRUBY_BOXING_WORD_H
 
-#if defined(MRB_INT16)
-# error MRB_INT16 is too small for MRB_WORD_BOXING.
-#endif
-
-#if defined(MRB_INT64) && !defined(MRB_64BIT)
-#error MRB_INT64 cannot be used with MRB_WORD_BOXING in 32-bit mode.
-#endif
-
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 struct RFloat {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
   mrb_float f;
 };
 #endif
 
-struct RCptr {
+struct RInteger {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
-  void *p;
+  mrb_int i;
 };
 
-#define MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT 1
-#ifdef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
-#define MRB_TT_HAS_BASIC MRB_TT_CPTR
-#else
-#define MRB_TT_HAS_BASIC MRB_TT_FLOAT
-#endif
-
 enum mrb_special_consts {
-  MRB_Qnil    = 0,
-  MRB_Qfalse  = 2,
-  MRB_Qtrue   = 4,
-  MRB_Qundef  = 6,
+  MRB_Qnil    =  0,
+  MRB_Qfalse  =  4,
+  MRB_Qtrue   = 12,
+  MRB_Qundef  = 20,
 };
 
-#define MRB_FIXNUM_FLAG   0x01
-#define MRB_SYMBOL_FLAG   0x0e
-#define MRB_SPECIAL_SHIFT 8
-
-typedef union mrb_value {
-  union {
-    void *p;
-    struct {
-      unsigned int i_flag : MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT;
-      mrb_int i : (MRB_INT_BIT - MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT);
-    };
-    struct {
-      unsigned int sym_flag : MRB_SPECIAL_SHIFT;
-      mrb_sym sym : (sizeof(mrb_sym) * CHAR_BIT);
-    };
-    struct RBasic *bp;
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
-    struct RFloat *fp;
+#if defined(MRB_64BIT) && defined(MRB_INT32)
+#define MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT        0
+#else
+#define MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT        BOXWORD_FIXNUM_SHIFT
 #endif
-    struct RCptr *vp;
-  } value;
-  unsigned long w;
+#define MRB_SYMBOL_SHIFT        BOXWORD_SYMBOL_SHIFT
+
+#if defined(MRB_64BIT) && defined(MRB_INT64)
+# define MRB_FIXNUM_MIN (INT64_MIN>>MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
+# define MRB_FIXNUM_MAX (INT64_MAX>>MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
+#else
+# define MRB_FIXNUM_MIN (INT32_MIN>>MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
+# define MRB_FIXNUM_MAX (INT32_MAX>>MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
+#endif
+
+#define BOXWORD_FIXNUM_BIT_POS  1
+#define BOXWORD_SYMBOL_BIT_POS  2
+#define BOXWORD_FIXNUM_SHIFT    BOXWORD_FIXNUM_BIT_POS
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+#define BOXWORD_SYMBOL_SHIFT    0
+#else
+#define BOXWORD_SYMBOL_SHIFT    BOXWORD_SYMBOL_BIT_POS
+#endif
+#define BOXWORD_FIXNUM_FLAG     (1 << (BOXWORD_FIXNUM_BIT_POS - 1))
+#define BOXWORD_SYMBOL_FLAG     (1 << (BOXWORD_SYMBOL_BIT_POS - 1))
+#define BOXWORD_FIXNUM_MASK     ((1 << BOXWORD_FIXNUM_BIT_POS) - 1)
+#define BOXWORD_SYMBOL_MASK     ((1 << BOXWORD_SYMBOL_BIT_POS) - 1)
+#define BOXWORD_IMMEDIATE_MASK  0x07
+
+#define BOXWORD_SET_SHIFT_VALUE(o,n,v) \
+  ((o).w = (((uintptr_t)(v)) << BOXWORD_##n##_SHIFT) | BOXWORD_##n##_FLAG)
+#define BOXWORD_SHIFT_VALUE_P(o,n) \
+  (((o).w & BOXWORD_##n##_MASK) == BOXWORD_##n##_FLAG)
+#define BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o,n) \
+  (!mrb_immediate_p(o) && mrb_val_union(o).bp->tt == MRB_TT_##n)
+
+/*
+ * mrb_value representation:
+ *
+ *   nil   : ...0000 0000 (all bits are 0)
+ *   false : ...0000 0100 (mrb_fixnum(v) != 0)
+ *   true  : ...0000 1100
+ *   undef : ...0001 0100
+ *   fixnum: ...IIII III1
+ *   symbol: ...SSSS SS10 (use only upper 32-bit as symbol value on 64-bit CPU)
+ *   object: ...PPPP P000 (any bits are 1)
+ */
+typedef struct mrb_value {
+  uintptr_t w;
 } mrb_value;
 
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_cptr_value(struct mrb_state*, void*);
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_float_value(struct mrb_state*, mrb_float);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_float_pool(struct mrb_state*, mrb_float);
+union mrb_value_ {
+  void *p;
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+  /* use struct to avoid bit shift. */
+  struct {
+    MRB_ENDIAN_LOHI(
+      mrb_sym sym;
+      ,uint32_t sym_flag;
+    )
+  };
 #endif
-
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
-#define mrb_float_pool(mrb,f) mrb_word_boxing_float_pool(mrb,f)
+  struct RBasic *bp;
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+  struct RFloat *fp;
 #endif
+  struct RInteger *ip;
+  struct RCptr *vp;
+  uintptr_t w;
+  mrb_value value;
+};
 
-#define mrb_ptr(o)     (o).value.p
-#define mrb_cptr(o)    (o).value.vp->p
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
-#define mrb_float(o)   (o).value.fp->f
-#endif
-#define mrb_fixnum(o)  ((mrb_int)(o).value.i)
-#define mrb_symbol(o)  (o).value.sym
+mrb_static_assert1(sizeof(mrb_value) == sizeof(union mrb_value_));
 
-static inline enum mrb_vtype
-mrb_type(mrb_value o)
+static inline union mrb_value_
+mrb_val_union(mrb_value v)
 {
-  switch (o.w) {
-  case MRB_Qfalse:
-  case MRB_Qnil:
-    return MRB_TT_FALSE;
-  case MRB_Qtrue:
-    return MRB_TT_TRUE;
-  case MRB_Qundef:
-    return MRB_TT_UNDEF;
-  }
-  if (o.value.i_flag == MRB_FIXNUM_FLAG) {
-    return MRB_TT_FIXNUM;
-  }
-  if (o.value.sym_flag == MRB_SYMBOL_FLAG) {
-    return MRB_TT_SYMBOL;
-  }
-  return o.value.bp->tt;
+  union mrb_value_ x;
+  x.value = v;
+  return x;
 }
 
-#define mrb_bool(o)    ((o).w != MRB_Qnil && (o).w != MRB_Qfalse)
-#define mrb_fixnum_p(o) ((o).value.i_flag == MRB_FIXNUM_FLAG)
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_cptr_value(struct mrb_state*, void*);
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_float_value(struct mrb_state*, mrb_float);
+#endif
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_int_value(struct mrb_state*, mrb_int);
+
+#define mrb_immediate_p(o) ((o).w & BOXWORD_IMMEDIATE_MASK || (o).w == MRB_Qnil)
+
+#define mrb_ptr(o)     mrb_val_union(o).p
+#define mrb_cptr(o)    mrb_val_union(o).vp->p
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+#define mrb_float(o)   mrb_val_union(o).fp->f
+#endif
+#define mrb_fixnum(o)  (mrb_int)(((intptr_t)(o).w) >> BOXWORD_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
+MRB_INLINE mrb_int
+mrb_integer_func(mrb_value o) {
+  if (mrb_immediate_p(o)) return mrb_fixnum(o);
+  return mrb_val_union(o).ip->i;
+}
+#define mrb_integer(o) mrb_integer_func(o)
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+#define mrb_symbol(o)  mrb_val_union(o).sym
+#else
+#define mrb_symbol(o)  (mrb_sym)(((o).w) >> BOXWORD_SYMBOL_SHIFT)
+#endif
+#define mrb_bool(o)    (((o).w & ~(uintptr_t)MRB_Qfalse) != 0)
+
+#define mrb_fixnum_p(o) BOXWORD_SHIFT_VALUE_P(o, FIXNUM)
+#define mrb_integer_p(o) (BOXWORD_SHIFT_VALUE_P(o, FIXNUM)||BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, INTEGER))
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+#define mrb_symbol_p(o) (mrb_val_union(o).sym_flag == BOXWORD_SYMBOL_FLAG)
+#else
+#define mrb_symbol_p(o) BOXWORD_SHIFT_VALUE_P(o, SYMBOL)
+#endif
 #define mrb_undef_p(o) ((o).w == MRB_Qundef)
 #define mrb_nil_p(o)  ((o).w == MRB_Qnil)
-
-#define BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(o, ttt, attr, v) do { \
-  switch (ttt) {\
-  case MRB_TT_FALSE:  (o).w = (v) ? MRB_Qfalse : MRB_Qnil; break;\
-  case MRB_TT_TRUE:   (o).w = MRB_Qtrue; break;\
-  case MRB_TT_UNDEF:  (o).w = MRB_Qundef; break;\
-  case MRB_TT_FIXNUM: (o).w = 0;(o).value.i_flag = MRB_FIXNUM_FLAG; (o).attr = (v); break;\
-  case MRB_TT_SYMBOL: (o).w = 0;(o).value.sym_flag = MRB_SYMBOL_FLAG; (o).attr = (v); break;\
-  default:            (o).w = 0; (o).attr = (v); if ((o).value.bp) (o).value.bp->tt = ttt; break;\
-  }\
-} while (0)
-
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
-#define SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb,r,v) r = mrb_word_boxing_float_value(mrb, v)
+#define mrb_false_p(o) ((o).w == MRB_Qfalse)
+#define mrb_true_p(o)  ((o).w == MRB_Qtrue)
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+#define mrb_float_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, FLOAT)
 #endif
-#define SET_CPTR_VALUE(mrb,r,v) r = mrb_word_boxing_cptr_value(mrb, v)
-#define SET_NIL_VALUE(r) BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 0)
-#define SET_FALSE_VALUE(r) BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_TRUE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_BOOL_VALUE(r,b) BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(r, b ? MRB_TT_TRUE : MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_INT_VALUE(r,n) BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FIXNUM, value.i, (n))
-#define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,v) BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_SYMBOL, value.sym, (v))
-#define SET_OBJ_VALUE(r,v) BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(r, (((struct RObject*)(v))->tt), value.p, (v))
-#define SET_UNDEF_VALUE(r) BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_UNDEF, value.i, 0)
+#define mrb_array_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, ARRAY)
+#define mrb_string_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, STRING)
+#define mrb_hash_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, HASH)
+#define mrb_cptr_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, CPTR)
+#define mrb_exception_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, EXCEPTION)
+#define mrb_free_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, FREE)
+#define mrb_object_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, OBJECT)
+#define mrb_class_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, CLASS)
+#define mrb_module_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, MODULE)
+#define mrb_iclass_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, ICLASS)
+#define mrb_sclass_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, SCLASS)
+#define mrb_proc_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, PROC)
+#define mrb_range_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, RANGE)
+#define mrb_env_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, ENV)
+#define mrb_data_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, DATA)
+#define mrb_fiber_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, FIBER)
+#define mrb_istruct_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, ISTRUCT)
+#define mrb_break_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, BREAK)
+
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+#define SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb,r,v) ((r) = mrb_word_boxing_float_value(mrb, v))
+#endif
+#define SET_CPTR_VALUE(mrb,r,v) ((r) = mrb_word_boxing_cptr_value(mrb, v))
+#define SET_UNDEF_VALUE(r) ((r).w = MRB_Qundef)
+#define SET_NIL_VALUE(r) ((r).w = MRB_Qnil)
+#define SET_FALSE_VALUE(r) ((r).w = MRB_Qfalse)
+#define SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) ((r).w = MRB_Qtrue)
+#define SET_BOOL_VALUE(r,b) ((b) ? SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) : SET_FALSE_VALUE(r))
+#define SET_INT_VALUE(mrb,r,n) ((r) = mrb_word_boxing_int_value(mrb, n))
+#define SET_FIXNUM_VALUE(r,n) BOXWORD_SET_SHIFT_VALUE(r, FIXNUM, n)
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+#define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,v) do {\
+  union mrb_value_ mrb_value_union_variable;\
+  mrb_value_union_variable.sym = v;\
+  mrb_value_union_variable.sym_flag = BOXWORD_SYMBOL_FLAG;\
+  (r) = mrb_value_union_variable.value;\
+} while (0)
+#else
+#define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,n) BOXWORD_SET_SHIFT_VALUE(r, SYMBOL, n)
+#endif
+#define SET_OBJ_VALUE(r,v) ((r).w = (uintptr_t)(v))
+
+MRB_INLINE enum mrb_vtype
+mrb_type(mrb_value o)
+{
+  return !mrb_bool(o)    ? MRB_TT_FALSE :
+         mrb_true_p(o)   ? MRB_TT_TRUE :
+         mrb_fixnum_p(o) ? MRB_TT_INTEGER :
+         mrb_symbol_p(o) ? MRB_TT_SYMBOL :
+         mrb_undef_p(o)  ? MRB_TT_UNDEF :
+         mrb_val_union(o).bp->tt;
+}
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_BOXING_WORD_H */

include/mruby/class.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/class.h - Class class
+/**
+** @file mruby/class.h - Class class
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -17,16 +17,13 @@ MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 struct RClass {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
   struct iv_tbl *iv;
-  struct kh_mt *mt;
+  struct mt_tbl *mt;
   struct RClass *super;
 };
 
 #define mrb_class_ptr(v)    ((struct RClass*)(mrb_ptr(v)))
-#define RCLASS_SUPER(v)     (((struct RClass*)(mrb_ptr(v)))->super)
-#define RCLASS_IV_TBL(v)    (((struct RClass*)(mrb_ptr(v)))->iv)
-#define RCLASS_M_TBL(v)     (((struct RClass*)(mrb_ptr(v)))->mt)
 
-static inline struct RClass*
+MRB_INLINE struct RClass*
 mrb_class(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value v)
 {
   switch (mrb_type(v)) {
@@ -38,9 +35,9 @@ mrb_class(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value v)
     return mrb->true_class;
   case MRB_TT_SYMBOL:
     return mrb->symbol_class;
-  case MRB_TT_FIXNUM:
-    return mrb->fixnum_class;
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+  case MRB_TT_INTEGER:
+    return mrb->integer_class;
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
   case MRB_TT_FLOAT:
     return mrb->float_class;
 #endif
@@ -53,42 +50,59 @@ mrb_class(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value v)
   }
 }
 
-/* TODO: figure out where to put user flags */
-/* flags bits >= 18 is reserved */
-#define MRB_FLAG_IS_PREPENDED (1 << 19)
-#define MRB_FLAG_IS_ORIGIN (1 << 20)
+/* flags:
+   20: frozen
+   19: is_prepended
+   18: is_origin
+   17: is_inherited (used by method cache)
+   16: unused
+   0-15: instance type
+*/
+#define MRB_FL_CLASS_IS_PREPENDED (1 << 19)
+#define MRB_FL_CLASS_IS_ORIGIN (1 << 18)
 #define MRB_CLASS_ORIGIN(c) do {\
-  if (c->flags & MRB_FLAG_IS_PREPENDED) {\
-    c = c->super;\
-    while (!(c->flags & MRB_FLAG_IS_ORIGIN)) {\
-      c = c->super;\
+  if ((c)->flags & MRB_FL_CLASS_IS_PREPENDED) {\
+    (c) = (c)->super;\
+    while (!((c)->flags & MRB_FL_CLASS_IS_ORIGIN)) {\
+      (c) = (c)->super;\
     }\
   }\
 } while (0)
-#define MRB_FLAG_IS_INHERITED (1 << 21)
+#define MRB_FL_CLASS_IS_INHERITED (1 << 17)
 #define MRB_INSTANCE_TT_MASK (0xFF)
-#define MRB_SET_INSTANCE_TT(c, tt) c->flags = ((c->flags & ~MRB_INSTANCE_TT_MASK) | (char)tt)
-#define MRB_INSTANCE_TT(c) (enum mrb_vtype)(c->flags & MRB_INSTANCE_TT_MASK)
+#define MRB_SET_INSTANCE_TT(c, tt) ((c)->flags = (((c)->flags & ~MRB_INSTANCE_TT_MASK) | (char)(tt)))
+#define MRB_INSTANCE_TT(c) (enum mrb_vtype)((c)->flags & MRB_INSTANCE_TT_MASK)
 
-MRB_API struct RClass* mrb_define_class_id(mrb_state*, mrb_sym, struct RClass*);
-MRB_API struct RClass* mrb_define_module_id(mrb_state*, mrb_sym);
-MRB_API struct RClass *mrb_vm_define_class(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_value, mrb_sym);
-MRB_API struct RClass *mrb_vm_define_module(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_sym);
+struct RClass *mrb_vm_define_class(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_value, mrb_sym);
+struct RClass *mrb_vm_define_module(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_sym);
 MRB_API void mrb_define_method_raw(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, mrb_sym, mrb_method_t);
-MRB_API void mrb_define_method_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, mrb_sym mid, mrb_func_t func, mrb_aspec aspec);
-MRB_API void mrb_alias_method(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, mrb_sym a, mrb_sym b);
+MRB_API void mrb_alias_method(mrb_state*, struct RClass *c, mrb_sym a, mrb_sym b);
+MRB_API void mrb_remove_method(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, mrb_sym sym);
 
 MRB_API mrb_method_t mrb_method_search_vm(mrb_state*, struct RClass**, mrb_sym);
 MRB_API mrb_method_t mrb_method_search(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, mrb_sym);
 
 MRB_API struct RClass* mrb_class_real(struct RClass* cl);
+mrb_value mrb_instance_new(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value cv);
 
 void mrb_class_name_class(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, struct RClass*, mrb_sym);
+mrb_bool mrb_const_name_p(mrb_state*, const char*, mrb_int);
 mrb_value mrb_class_find_path(mrb_state*, struct RClass*);
+mrb_value mrb_mod_to_s(mrb_state*, mrb_value);
 void mrb_gc_mark_mt(mrb_state*, struct RClass*);
 size_t mrb_gc_mark_mt_size(mrb_state*, struct RClass*);
 void mrb_gc_free_mt(mrb_state*, struct RClass*);
 
+#ifndef MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
+void mrb_mc_clear_by_class(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass* c);
+#else
+#define mrb_mc_clear_by_class(mrb,c)
+#endif
+
+/* return non zero to break the loop */
+typedef int (mrb_mt_foreach_func)(mrb_state*,mrb_sym,mrb_method_t,void*);
+MRB_API void mrb_mt_foreach(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, mrb_mt_foreach_func*, void*);
+
 MRB_END_DECL
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_CLASS_H */

include/mruby/common.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-**"common.h - mruby common platform definition"
+/**
+** @file common.h - mruby common platform definition"
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -7,9 +7,14 @@
 #ifndef MRUBY_COMMON_H
 #define MRUBY_COMMON_H
 
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+  #ifndef __TARGETCONDITIONALS__
+  #include "TargetConditionals.h"
+  #endif
+#endif
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
-#ifdef MRB_ENABLE_CXX_ABI
+#ifdef MRB_USE_CXX_ABI
 #define MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 #define MRB_END_DECL
 #else
@@ -29,7 +34,7 @@
 MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
 /** Declare a function that never returns. */
-#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L
+#if defined __STDC_VERSION__ && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L
 # define mrb_noreturn _Noreturn
 #elif defined __GNUC__ && !defined __STRICT_ANSI__
 # define mrb_noreturn __attribute__((noreturn))
@@ -49,14 +54,15 @@ MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 #endif
 
 /** Declare a function as always inlined. */
-#if defined(_MSC_VER)
-# define MRB_INLINE static __inline
-#else
-# define MRB_INLINE static inline
+#if defined _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER < 1900
+# ifndef __cplusplus
+#  define inline __inline
+# endif
 #endif
-
+#define MRB_INLINE static inline
 
 /** Declare a public MRuby API function. */
+#ifndef MRB_API
 #if defined(MRB_BUILD_AS_DLL)
 #if defined(MRB_CORE) || defined(MRB_LIB)
 # define MRB_API __declspec(dllexport)
@@ -66,6 +72,20 @@ MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 #else
 # define MRB_API extern
 #endif
+#endif
+
+/** Declare mingw versions */
+#if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+# include <_mingw.h>
+# if defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)
+#  define MRB_MINGW64_VERSION  (__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR * 1000 + __MINGW64_VERSION_MINOR)
+# elif defined(__MINGW32_MAJOR_VERSION)
+#  define MRB_MINGW32_VERSION  (__MINGW32_MAJOR_VERSION * 1000 + __MINGW32_MINOR_VERSION)
+# endif
+# if defined(__MINGW32__) && !defined(__MINGW64__)
+#   define MRB_MINGW32_LEGACY
+# endif
+#endif
 
 MRB_END_DECL
 

include/mruby/compile.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/compile.h - mruby parser
+/**
+** @file mruby/compile.h - mruby parser
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ typedef struct mrbc_context {
   mrb_sym *syms;
   int slen;
   char *filename;
-  short lineno;
+  uint16_t lineno;
   int (*partial_hook)(struct mrb_parser_state*);
   void *partial_data;
   struct RClass *target_class;
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ typedef struct mrbc_context {
   mrb_bool no_exec:1;
   mrb_bool keep_lv:1;
   mrb_bool no_optimize:1;
+  const struct RProc *upper;
 
   size_t parser_nerr;
 } mrbc_context;
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ MRB_API mrbc_context* mrbc_context_new(mrb_state *mrb);
 MRB_API void mrbc_context_free(mrb_state *mrb, mrbc_context *cxt);
 MRB_API const char *mrbc_filename(mrb_state *mrb, mrbc_context *c, const char *s);
 MRB_API void mrbc_partial_hook(mrb_state *mrb, mrbc_context *c, int (*partial_hook)(struct mrb_parser_state*), void*data);
+MRB_API void mrbc_cleanup_local_variables(mrb_state *mrb, mrbc_context *c);
 
 /* AST node structure */
 typedef struct mrb_ast_node {
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ enum mrb_lex_state_enum {
 
 /* saved error message */
 struct mrb_parser_message {
-  int lineno;
+  uint16_t lineno;
   int column;
   char* message;
 };
@@ -97,6 +99,9 @@ enum mrb_string_type {
 /* heredoc structure */
 struct mrb_parser_heredoc_info {
   mrb_bool allow_indent:1;
+  mrb_bool remove_indent:1;
+  size_t indent;
+  mrb_ast_node *indented;
   mrb_bool line_head:1;
   enum mrb_string_type type;
   const char *term;
@@ -104,7 +109,7 @@ struct mrb_parser_heredoc_info {
   mrb_ast_node *doc;
 };
 
-#define MRB_PARSER_TOKBUF_MAX 65536
+#define MRB_PARSER_TOKBUF_MAX (UINT16_MAX-1)
 #define MRB_PARSER_TOKBUF_SIZE 256
 
 /* parser structure */
@@ -113,12 +118,13 @@ struct mrb_parser_state {
   struct mrb_pool *pool;
   mrb_ast_node *cells;
   const char *s, *send;
-#ifndef MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
+#ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
+  /* If both f and s are non-null, it will be taken preferentially from s until s < send. */
   FILE *f;
 #endif
   mrbc_context *cxt;
-  char const *filename;
-  int lineno;
+  mrb_sym filename_sym;
+  uint16_t lineno;
   int column;
 
   enum mrb_lex_state_enum lstate;
@@ -142,7 +148,6 @@ struct mrb_parser_state {
   mrb_ast_node *heredocs_from_nextline;
   mrb_ast_node *parsing_heredoc;
   mrb_ast_node *lex_strterm_before_heredoc;
-  mrb_bool heredoc_end_now:1; /* for mirb */
 
   void *ylval;
 
@@ -152,14 +157,16 @@ struct mrb_parser_state {
 
   mrb_bool no_optimize:1;
   mrb_bool capture_errors:1;
+  const struct RProc *upper;
   struct mrb_parser_message error_buffer[10];
   struct mrb_parser_message warn_buffer[10];
 
   mrb_sym* filename_table;
-  size_t filename_table_length;
-  int current_filename_index;
+  uint16_t filename_table_length;
+  uint16_t current_filename_index;
 
   struct mrb_jmpbuf* jmp;
+  mrb_ast_node *nvars;
 };
 
 MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parser_new(mrb_state*);
@@ -167,10 +174,10 @@ MRB_API void mrb_parser_free(struct mrb_parser_state*);
 MRB_API void mrb_parser_parse(struct mrb_parser_state*,mrbc_context*);
 
 MRB_API void mrb_parser_set_filename(struct mrb_parser_state*, char const*);
-MRB_API char const* mrb_parser_get_filename(struct mrb_parser_state*, uint16_t idx);
+MRB_API mrb_sym mrb_parser_get_filename(struct mrb_parser_state*, uint16_t idx);
 
 /* utility functions */
-#ifndef MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
+#ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
 MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parse_file(mrb_state*,FILE*,mrbc_context*);
 #endif
 MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parse_string(mrb_state*,const char*,mrbc_context*);
@@ -178,10 +185,19 @@ MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parse_nstring(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t
 MRB_API struct RProc* mrb_generate_code(mrb_state*, struct mrb_parser_state*);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_exec(mrb_state *mrb, struct mrb_parser_state *p, mrbc_context *c);
 
-/* program load functions */
-#ifndef MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
+/** program load functions
+* Please note! Currently due to interactions with the GC calling these functions will
+* leak one RProc object per function call.
+* To prevent this save the current memory arena before calling and restore the arena
+* right after, like so
+* int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb);
+* mrb_value status = mrb_load_string(mrb, buffer);
+* mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+*/
+#ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_file(mrb_state*,FILE*);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_file_cxt(mrb_state*,FILE*, mrbc_context *cxt);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_detect_file_cxt(mrb_state *mrb, FILE *fp, mrbc_context *c);
 #endif
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_string(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_nstring(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s, size_t len);

include/mruby/data.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/data.h - Data class
+/**
+** @file mruby/data.h - Data class
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -39,10 +39,11 @@ MRB_API struct RData *mrb_data_object_alloc(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass* klass
 #define Data_Wrap_Struct(mrb,klass,type,ptr)\
   mrb_data_object_alloc(mrb,klass,ptr,type)
 
-#define Data_Make_Struct(mrb,klass,strct,type,sval,data) do { \
-  sval = mrb_malloc(mrb, sizeof(strct));                     \
-  { static const strct zero = { 0 }; *sval = zero; };\
-  data = Data_Wrap_Struct(mrb,klass,type,sval);\
+#define Data_Make_Struct(mrb,klass,strct,type,sval,data_obj) do { \
+  (data_obj) = Data_Wrap_Struct(mrb,klass,type,NULL);\
+  (sval) = (strct *)mrb_malloc(mrb, sizeof(strct));                     \
+  { static const strct zero = { 0 }; *(sval) = zero; };\
+  (data_obj)->data = (sval);\
 } while (0)
 
 #define RDATA(obj)         ((struct RData *)(mrb_ptr(obj)))
@@ -62,10 +63,10 @@ MRB_API void *mrb_data_check_get_ptr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value, const mrb_data_t
   *(void**)&sval = mrb_data_get_ptr(mrb, obj, type); \
 } while (0)
 
-static inline void
+MRB_INLINE void
 mrb_data_init(mrb_value v, void *ptr, const mrb_data_type *type)
 {
-  mrb_assert(mrb_type(v) == MRB_TT_DATA);
+  mrb_assert(mrb_data_p(v));
   DATA_PTR(v) = ptr;
   DATA_TYPE(v) = type;
 }

include/mruby/debug.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/debug.h - mruby debug info
+/**
+** @file mruby/debug.h - mruby debug info
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ typedef struct mrb_irep_debug_info_line {
 
 typedef struct mrb_irep_debug_info_file {
   uint32_t start_pos;
-  const char *filename;
   mrb_sym filename_sym;
   uint32_t line_entry_count;
   mrb_debug_line_type line_type;
@@ -47,18 +46,19 @@ typedef struct mrb_irep_debug_info {
  * get line from irep's debug info and program counter
  * @return returns NULL if not found
  */
-MRB_API const char *mrb_debug_get_filename(mrb_irep *irep, ptrdiff_t pc);
+MRB_API const char *mrb_debug_get_filename(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep *irep, uint32_t pc);
 
 /*
  * get line from irep's debug info and program counter
  * @return returns -1 if not found
  */
-MRB_API int32_t mrb_debug_get_line(mrb_irep *irep, ptrdiff_t pc);
+MRB_API int32_t mrb_debug_get_line(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep *irep, uint32_t pc);
 
-MRB_API mrb_irep_debug_info_file *mrb_debug_info_append_file(
-    mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep *irep,
-    uint32_t start_pos, uint32_t end_pos);
 MRB_API mrb_irep_debug_info *mrb_debug_info_alloc(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep *irep);
+MRB_API mrb_irep_debug_info_file *mrb_debug_info_append_file(
+    mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep_debug_info *info,
+    const char *filename, uint16_t *lines,
+    uint32_t start_pos, uint32_t end_pos);
 MRB_API void mrb_debug_info_free(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep_debug_info *d);
 
 MRB_END_DECL

include/mruby/dump.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/dump.h - mruby binary dumper (mrbc binary format)
+/**
+** @file mruby/dump.h - mruby binary dumper (mrbc binary format)
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -17,20 +17,18 @@
 MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
 #define DUMP_DEBUG_INFO 1
-#define DUMP_ENDIAN_BIG 2
-#define DUMP_ENDIAN_LIL 4
-#define DUMP_ENDIAN_NAT 6
-#define DUMP_ENDIAN_MASK 6
 
-int mrb_dump_irep(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep *irep, uint8_t flags, uint8_t **bin, size_t *bin_size);
-#ifndef MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
-int mrb_dump_irep_binary(mrb_state*, mrb_irep*, uint8_t, FILE*);
-int mrb_dump_irep_cfunc(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep*, uint8_t flags, FILE *f, const char *initname);
+int mrb_dump_irep(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep *irep, uint8_t flags, uint8_t **bin, size_t *bin_size);
+#ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
+int mrb_dump_irep_binary(mrb_state*, const mrb_irep*, uint8_t, FILE*);
+int mrb_dump_irep_cfunc(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep*, uint8_t flags, FILE *f, const char *initname);
+int mrb_dump_irep_cstruct(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep*, uint8_t flags, FILE *f, const char *initname);
 mrb_irep *mrb_read_irep_file(mrb_state*, FILE*);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_irep_file(mrb_state*,FILE*);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_irep_file_cxt(mrb_state*, FILE*, mrbc_context*);
 #endif
 MRB_API mrb_irep *mrb_read_irep(mrb_state*, const uint8_t*);
+MRB_API mrb_irep *mrb_read_irep_buf(mrb_state*, const void*, size_t);
 
 /* dump/load error code
  *
@@ -41,26 +39,28 @@ MRB_API mrb_irep *mrb_read_irep(mrb_state*, const uint8_t*);
 #define MRB_DUMP_GENERAL_FAILURE      (-1)
 #define MRB_DUMP_WRITE_FAULT          (-2)
 #define MRB_DUMP_READ_FAULT           (-3)
-#define MRB_DUMP_CRC_ERROR            (-4)
-#define MRB_DUMP_INVALID_FILE_HEADER  (-5)
-#define MRB_DUMP_INVALID_IREP         (-6)
-#define MRB_DUMP_INVALID_ARGUMENT     (-7)
+#define MRB_DUMP_INVALID_FILE_HEADER  (-4)
+#define MRB_DUMP_INVALID_IREP         (-5)
+#define MRB_DUMP_INVALID_ARGUMENT     (-6)
 
 /* null symbol length */
 #define MRB_DUMP_NULL_SYM_LEN         0xFFFF
 
 /* Rite Binary File header */
 #define RITE_BINARY_IDENT              "RITE"
-#define RITE_BINARY_IDENT_LIL          "ETIR"
-#define RITE_BINARY_FORMAT_VER         "0004"
+/* Binary Format Version Major:Minor */
+/*   Major: Incompatible to prior versions */
+/*   Minor: Upper-compatible to prior versions */
+#define RITE_BINARY_MAJOR_VER          "02"
+#define RITE_BINARY_MINOR_VER          "00"
+#define RITE_BINARY_FORMAT_VER         RITE_BINARY_MAJOR_VER RITE_BINARY_MINOR_VER
 #define RITE_COMPILER_NAME             "MATZ"
 #define RITE_COMPILER_VERSION          "0000"
 
-#define RITE_VM_VER                    "0000"
+#define RITE_VM_VER                    "0300"
 
 #define RITE_BINARY_EOF                "END\0"
 #define RITE_SECTION_IREP_IDENT        "IREP"
-#define RITE_SECTION_LINENO_IDENT      "LINE"
 #define RITE_SECTION_DEBUG_IDENT       "DBG\0"
 #define RITE_SECTION_LV_IDENT          "LVAR"
 
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ MRB_API mrb_irep *mrb_read_irep(mrb_state*, const uint8_t*);
 /* binary header */
 struct rite_binary_header {
   uint8_t binary_ident[4];    /* Binary Identifier */
-  uint8_t binary_version[4];  /* Binary Format Version */
-  uint8_t binary_crc[2];      /* Binary CRC */
+  uint8_t major_version[2];   /* Binary Format Major Version */
+  uint8_t minor_version[2];   /* Binary Format Minor Version */
   uint8_t binary_size[4];     /* Binary Size */
   uint8_t compiler_name[4];   /* Compiler name */
   uint8_t compiler_version[4];
@@ -92,10 +92,6 @@ struct rite_section_irep_header {
   uint8_t rite_version[4];    /* Rite Instruction Specification Version */
 };
 
-struct rite_section_lineno_header {
-  RITE_SECTION_HEADER;
-};
-
 struct rite_section_debug_header {
   RITE_SECTION_HEADER;
 };
@@ -110,17 +106,6 @@ struct rite_binary_footer {
   RITE_SECTION_HEADER;
 };
 
-static inline int
-bigendian_p()
-{
-  int i;
-  char *p;
-
-  i = 1;
-  p = (char*)&i;
-  return p[0]?0:1;
-}
-
 static inline size_t
 uint8_to_bin(uint8_t s, uint8_t *bin)
 {
@@ -146,16 +131,6 @@ uint32_to_bin(uint32_t l, uint8_t *bin)
   return sizeof(uint32_t);
 }
 
-static inline size_t
-uint32l_to_bin(uint32_t l, uint8_t *bin)
-{
-  bin[3] = (l >> 24) & 0xff;
-  bin[2] = (l >> 16) & 0xff;
-  bin[1] = (l >> 8) & 0xff;
-  bin[0] = l & 0xff;
-  return sizeof(uint32_t);
-}
-
 static inline uint32_t
 bin_to_uint32(const uint8_t *bin)
 {
@@ -165,15 +140,6 @@ bin_to_uint32(const uint8_t *bin)
          (uint32_t)bin[3];
 }
 
-static inline uint32_t
-bin_to_uint32l(const uint8_t *bin)
-{
-  return (uint32_t)bin[3] << 24 |
-         (uint32_t)bin[2] << 16 |
-         (uint32_t)bin[1] << 8  |
-         (uint32_t)bin[0];
-}
-
 static inline uint16_t
 bin_to_uint16(const uint8_t *bin)
 {
@@ -189,8 +155,4 @@ bin_to_uint8(const uint8_t *bin)
 
 MRB_END_DECL
 
-/** @internal crc.c */
-uint16_t
-calc_crc_16_ccitt(const uint8_t *src, size_t nbytes, uint16_t crc);
-
 #endif  /* MRUBY_DUMP_H */

include/mruby/endian.h

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**
+** @file mruby/endian.h - detect endian-ness
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef MRUBY_ENDIAN_H
+#define MRUBY_ENDIAN_H
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+MRB_BEGIN_DECL
+
+#if !defined(BYTE_ORDER) && defined(__BYTE_ORDER__)
+# define BYTE_ORDER __BYTE_ORDER__
+#endif
+#if !defined(BIG_ENDIAN) && defined(__ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
+# define BIG_ENDIAN __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
+#endif
+#if !defined(LITTLE_ENDIAN) && defined(__ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__)
+# define LITTLE_ENDIAN __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
+#endif
+
+#ifdef BYTE_ORDER
+# if BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN
+#  define littleendian 0
+# elif BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#  define littleendian 1
+# endif
+#endif
+#ifndef littleendian
+/* can't distinguish endian in compile time */
+static inline int
+check_little_endian(void)
+{
+  unsigned int n = 1;
+  return (*(unsigned char *)&n == 1);
+}
+#  define littleendian check_little_endian()
+#endif
+
+MRB_END_DECL
+
+#endif  /* MRUBY_ENDIAN_H */

include/mruby/error.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/error.h - Exception class
+/**
+** @file mruby/error.h - Exception class
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -23,32 +23,94 @@ struct RException {
 
 MRB_API void mrb_sys_fail(mrb_state *mrb, const char *mesg);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_exc_new_str(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass* c, mrb_value str);
-#define mrb_exc_new_str_lit(mrb, c, lit) mrb_exc_new_str(mrb, c, mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, lit))
+#define mrb_exc_new_lit(mrb, c, lit) mrb_exc_new_str(mrb, c, mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, lit))
+#define mrb_exc_new_str_lit(mrb, c, lit) mrb_exc_new_lit(mrb, c, lit)
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_make_exception(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_exc_backtrace(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value exc);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_get_backtrace(mrb_state *mrb);
 MRB_API mrb_noreturn void mrb_no_method_error(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_sym id, mrb_value args, const char *fmt, ...);
 
-/* declaration for fail method */
+/* declaration for `fail` method */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_f_raise(mrb_state*, mrb_value);
 
+#if defined(MRB_64BIT) || defined(MRB_USE_FLOAT32) || defined(MRB_NAN_BOXING) || defined(MRB_WORD_BOXING)
 struct RBreak {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
-  struct RProc *proc;
+  const struct RProc *proc;
   mrb_value val;
 };
+#define mrb_break_value_get(brk) ((brk)->val)
+#define mrb_break_value_set(brk, v) ((brk)->val = v)
+#else
+struct RBreak {
+  MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
+  const struct RProc *proc;
+  union mrb_value_union value;
+};
+#define RBREAK_VALUE_TT_MASK ((1 << 8) - 1)
+static inline mrb_value
+mrb_break_value_get(struct RBreak *brk)
+{
+  mrb_value val;
+  val.value = brk->value;
+  val.tt = (enum mrb_vtype)(brk->flags & RBREAK_VALUE_TT_MASK);
+  return val;
+}
+static inline void
+mrb_break_value_set(struct RBreak *brk, mrb_value val)
+{
+  brk->value = val.value;
+  brk->flags &= ~RBREAK_VALUE_TT_MASK;
+  brk->flags |= val.tt;
+}
+#endif  /* MRB_64BIT || MRB_USE_FLOAT32 || MRB_NAN_BOXING || MRB_WORD_BOXING */
+#define mrb_break_proc_get(brk) ((brk)->proc)
+#define mrb_break_proc_set(brk, p) ((brk)->proc = p)
+
+#define RBREAK_TAG_FOREACH(f) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_BREAK, 0) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_BREAK_UPPER, 1) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_BREAK_INTARGET, 2) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_RETURN_BLOCK, 3) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_RETURN, 4) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_RETURN_TOPLEVEL, 5) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_JUMP, 6) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_STOP, 7)
+
+#define RBREAK_TAG_DEFINE(tag, i) tag = i,
+enum {
+  RBREAK_TAG_FOREACH(RBREAK_TAG_DEFINE)
+};
+#undef RBREAK_TAG_DEFINE
+
+#define RBREAK_TAG_BIT          3
+#define RBREAK_TAG_BIT_OFF      8
+#define RBREAK_TAG_MASK         (~(~UINT32_C(0) << RBREAK_TAG_BIT))
+
+static inline uint32_t
+mrb_break_tag_get(struct RBreak *brk)
+{
+  return (brk->flags >> RBREAK_TAG_BIT_OFF) & RBREAK_TAG_MASK;
+}
+
+static inline void
+mrb_break_tag_set(struct RBreak *brk, uint32_t tag)
+{
+  brk->flags &= ~(RBREAK_TAG_MASK << RBREAK_TAG_BIT_OFF);
+  brk->flags |= (tag & RBREAK_TAG_MASK) << RBREAK_TAG_BIT_OFF;
+}
 
 /**
  * Protect
  *
- * @mrbgem mruby-error
+ * Implemented in the mruby-error mrbgem
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_protect(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t body, mrb_value data, mrb_bool *state);
 
 /**
  * Ensure
  *
- * @mrbgem mruby-error
+ * Implemented in the mruby-error mrbgem
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ensure(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t body, mrb_value b_data,
                              mrb_func_t ensure, mrb_value e_data);
@@ -56,7 +118,7 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ensure(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t body, mrb_value b_data,
 /**
  * Rescue
  *
- * @mrbgem mruby-error
+ * Implemented in the mruby-error mrbgem
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_rescue(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t body, mrb_value b_data,
                              mrb_func_t rescue, mrb_value r_data);
@@ -64,7 +126,7 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_rescue(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t body, mrb_value b_data,
 /**
  * Rescue exception
  *
- * @mrbgem mruby-error
+ * Implemented in the mruby-error mrbgem
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_rescue_exceptions(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t body, mrb_value b_data,
                                         mrb_func_t rescue, mrb_value r_data,

include/mruby/gc.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/gc.h - garbage collector for mruby
+/**
+** @file mruby/gc.h - garbage collector for mruby
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ struct mrb_state;
 #define MRB_EACH_OBJ_BREAK 1
 typedef int (mrb_each_object_callback)(struct mrb_state *mrb, struct RBasic *obj, void *data);
 void mrb_objspace_each_objects(struct mrb_state *mrb, mrb_each_object_callback *callback, void *data);
+size_t mrb_objspace_page_slot_size(void);
 MRB_API void mrb_free_context(struct mrb_state *mrb, struct mrb_context *c);
 
 #ifndef MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE

include/mruby/hash.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/hash.h - Hash class
+/**
+** @file mruby/hash.h - Hash class
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -8,23 +8,37 @@
 #define MRUBY_HASH_H
 
 #include "common.h"
-#include <mruby/khash.h>
 
 /**
  * Hash class
  */
 MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
+/* offset of `iv` must be 3 words */
 struct RHash {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+  uint32_t size;
   struct iv_tbl *iv;
-  struct kh_ht *ht;
+  uint32_t ea_capa;
+  uint32_t ea_n_used;
+#else
+  struct iv_tbl *iv;
+  uint32_t size;
+#endif
+  union {
+    struct hash_entry *ea;
+    struct hash_table *ht;
+  };
 };
 
 #define mrb_hash_ptr(v)    ((struct RHash*)(mrb_ptr(v)))
 #define mrb_hash_value(p)  mrb_obj_value((void*)(p))
 
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_new_capa(mrb_state*, mrb_int);
+size_t mrb_hash_memsize(mrb_value obj);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_new_capa(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int capa);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ensure_hash_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_hash_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
 
 /*
  * Initializes a new hash.
@@ -74,7 +88,7 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_get(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash, mrb_value key);
  *
  * Equivalent to:
  *
- *     hash.hash_key?(key) ? hash[key] : def
+ *     hash.key?(key) ? hash[key] : def
  *
  * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
  * @param hash The target hash.
@@ -94,7 +108,7 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_fetch(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash, mrb_value key,
  * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
  * @param hash The target hash.
  * @param key The key to delete.
- * @return The deleted value.
+ * @return The deleted value. This value is not protected from GC. Use `mrb_gc_protect()` if necessary.
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_delete_key(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash, mrb_value key);
 
@@ -110,7 +124,19 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_delete_key(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash, mrb_value
  * @return An array with the keys of the hash.
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_keys(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_hash_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
+/*
+ * Check if the hash has the key.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *     hash.key?(key)
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param hash The target hash.
+ * @param key The key to check existence.
+ * @return True if the hash has the key
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_hash_key_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash, mrb_value key);
 
 /*
  * Check if the hash is empty
@@ -123,7 +149,7 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_hash_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
  * @param self The target hash.
  * @return True if the hash is empty, false otherwise.
  */
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_empty_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_hash_empty_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
 
 /*
  * Gets an array of values.
@@ -151,32 +177,66 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_values(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_clear(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
 
-/* declaration of struct kh_ht */
-/* be careful when you touch the internal */
-typedef struct {
-  mrb_value v;
-  mrb_int n;
-} mrb_hash_value;
+/*
+ * Get hash size.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *      hash.size
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param hash The target hash.
+ * @return The hash size.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_int mrb_hash_size(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
 
-KHASH_DECLARE(ht, mrb_value, mrb_hash_value, TRUE)
+/*
+ * Copies the hash. This function does NOT copy the instance variables
+ * (except for the default value). Use mrb_obj_dup() to copy the instance
+ * variables as well.
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param hash The target hash.
+ * @return The copy of the hash
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_dup(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
 
-/* RHASH_TBL allocates st_table if not available. */
-#define RHASH(obj)   ((struct RHash*)(mrb_ptr(obj)))
-#define RHASH_TBL(h)          (RHASH(h)->ht)
-#define RHASH_IFNONE(h)       mrb_iv_get(mrb, (h), mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "ifnone"))
-#define RHASH_PROCDEFAULT(h)  RHASH_IFNONE(h)
-MRB_API struct kh_ht * mrb_hash_tbl(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
+/*
+ * Merges two hashes. The first hash will be modified by the
+ * second hash.
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param hash1 The target hash.
+ * @param hash2 Updating hash
+ */
+MRB_API void mrb_hash_merge(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash1, mrb_value hash2);
 
-#define MRB_HASH_DEFAULT      1
-#define MRB_HASH_PROC_DEFAULT 2
-#define MRB_RHASH_DEFAULT_P(h) (RHASH(h)->flags & MRB_HASH_DEFAULT)
-#define MRB_RHASH_PROCDEFAULT_P(h) (RHASH(h)->flags & MRB_HASH_PROC_DEFAULT)
+#define RHASH(hash) ((struct RHash*)(mrb_ptr(hash)))
+
+#define MRB_HASH_IB_BIT_BIT         5
+#define MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_BIT     5
+#define MRB_HASH_IB_BIT_SHIFT       0
+#define MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_SHIFT   0
+#define MRB_HASH_AR_EA_N_USED_SHIFT MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_BIT
+#define MRB_HASH_SIZE_FLAGS_SHIFT   (MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_BIT * 2)
+#define MRB_HASH_IB_BIT_MASK        ((1 << MRB_HASH_IB_BIT_BIT) - 1)
+#define MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_MASK    ((1 << MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_BIT) - 1)
+#define MRB_HASH_AR_EA_N_USED_MASK  (MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_MASK << MRB_HASH_AR_EA_N_USED_SHIFT)
+#define MRB_HASH_DEFAULT            (1 << (MRB_HASH_SIZE_FLAGS_SHIFT + 0))
+#define MRB_HASH_PROC_DEFAULT       (1 << (MRB_HASH_SIZE_FLAGS_SHIFT + 1))
+#define MRB_HASH_HT                 (1 << (MRB_HASH_SIZE_FLAGS_SHIFT + 2))
+#define MRB_RHASH_DEFAULT_P(hash) (RHASH(hash)->flags & MRB_HASH_DEFAULT)
+#define MRB_RHASH_PROCDEFAULT_P(hash) (RHASH(hash)->flags & MRB_HASH_PROC_DEFAULT)
 
 /* GC functions */
 void mrb_gc_mark_hash(mrb_state*, struct RHash*);
 size_t mrb_gc_mark_hash_size(mrb_state*, struct RHash*);
 void mrb_gc_free_hash(mrb_state*, struct RHash*);
 
+/* return non zero to break the loop */
+typedef int (mrb_hash_foreach_func)(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value key, mrb_value val, void *data);
+MRB_API void mrb_hash_foreach(mrb_state *mrb, struct RHash *hash, mrb_hash_foreach_func *func, void *p);
+
 MRB_END_DECL
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_HASH_H */

include/mruby/irep.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/irep.h - mrb_irep structure
+/**
+** @file mruby/irep.h - mrb_irep structure
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -16,46 +16,131 @@
 MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
 enum irep_pool_type {
-  IREP_TT_STRING,
-  IREP_TT_FIXNUM,
-  IREP_TT_FLOAT,
+  IREP_TT_STR   = 0,          /* string (need free) */
+  IREP_TT_SSTR  = 2,          /* string (static) */
+  IREP_TT_INT32 = 1,          /* 32bit integer */
+  IREP_TT_INT64 = 3,          /* 64bit integer */
+  IREP_TT_FLOAT = 5,          /* float (double/float) */
 };
 
-struct mrb_locals {
-  mrb_sym name;
-  uint16_t r;
+#define IREP_TT_NFLAG 1       /* number (non string) flag */
+#define IREP_TT_SFLAG 2       /* static string flag */
+
+typedef struct mrb_pool_value {
+  uint32_t tt;     /* packed type and length (for string) */
+  union {
+    const char *str;
+    int32_t i32;
+#if defined(MRB_64BIT) || defined(MRB_INT64)
+    int64_t i64;
+#endif
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+    mrb_float f;
+#endif
+  } u;
+} mrb_pool_value;
+
+enum mrb_catch_type {
+  MRB_CATCH_RESCUE = 0,
+  MRB_CATCH_ENSURE = 1,
+};
+
+struct mrb_irep_catch_handler {
+  uint8_t type;         /* enum mrb_catch_type */
+  uint8_t begin[4];     /* The starting address to match the hander. Includes this. */
+  uint8_t end[4];       /* The endpoint address that matches the hander. Not Includes this. */
+  uint8_t target[4];    /* The address to jump to if a match is made. */
 };
 
 /* Program data array struct */
 typedef struct mrb_irep {
   uint16_t nlocals;        /* Number of local variables */
   uint16_t nregs;          /* Number of register variables */
+  uint16_t clen;           /* Number of catch handlers */
   uint8_t flags;
 
-  mrb_code *iseq;
-  mrb_value *pool;
-  mrb_sym *syms;
-  struct mrb_irep **reps;
+  const mrb_code *iseq;
+  /*
+   * A catch handler table is placed after the iseq entity.
+   * The reason it doesn't add fields to the structure is to keep the mrb_irep structure from bloating.
+   * The catch handler table can be obtained with `mrb_irep_catch_handler_table(irep)`.
+   */
+  const mrb_pool_value *pool;
+  const mrb_sym *syms;
+  const struct mrb_irep * const *reps;
 
-  struct mrb_locals *lv;
+  const mrb_sym *lv;
   /* debug info */
-  mrb_bool own_filename;
-  const char *filename;
-  uint16_t *lines;
   struct mrb_irep_debug_info* debug_info;
 
-  int ilen, plen, slen, rlen, refcnt;
+  uint32_t ilen;
+  uint16_t plen, slen;
+  uint16_t rlen;
+  uint16_t refcnt;
 } mrb_irep;
 
 #define MRB_ISEQ_NO_FREE 1
+#define MRB_IREP_NO_FREE 2
+#define MRB_IREP_STATIC  (MRB_ISEQ_NO_FREE | MRB_IREP_NO_FREE)
 
 MRB_API mrb_irep *mrb_add_irep(mrb_state *mrb);
+
+/** load mruby bytecode functions
+* Please note! Currently due to interactions with the GC calling these functions will
+* leak one RProc object per function call.
+* To prevent this save the current memory arena before calling and restore the arena
+* right after, like so
+* int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb);
+* mrb_value status = mrb_load_irep(mrb, buffer);
+* mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+*/
+
+/* @param [const uint8_t*] irep code, expected as a literal */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_irep(mrb_state*, const uint8_t*);
+
+/*
+ * @param [const void*] irep code
+ * @param [size_t] size of irep buffer. If -1 is given, it is considered unrestricted.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_irep_buf(mrb_state*, const void*, size_t);
+
+/* @param [const uint8_t*] irep code, expected as a literal */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_irep_cxt(mrb_state*, const uint8_t*, mrbc_context*);
+
+/*
+ * @param [const void*] irep code
+ * @param [size_t] size of irep buffer. If -1 is given, it is considered unrestricted.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_irep_buf_cxt(mrb_state*, const void*, size_t, mrbc_context*);
+
 void mrb_irep_free(mrb_state*, struct mrb_irep*);
 void mrb_irep_incref(mrb_state*, struct mrb_irep*);
 void mrb_irep_decref(mrb_state*, struct mrb_irep*);
 void mrb_irep_cutref(mrb_state*, struct mrb_irep*);
+void mrb_irep_remove_lv(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep *irep);
+
+struct mrb_insn_data {
+  uint8_t insn;
+  uint16_t a;
+  uint16_t b;
+  uint16_t c;
+};
+
+struct mrb_insn_data mrb_decode_insn(const mrb_code *pc);
+
+static inline const struct mrb_irep_catch_handler *
+mrb_irep_catch_handler_table(const struct mrb_irep *irep)
+{
+  if (irep->clen > 0) {
+    return (const struct mrb_irep_catch_handler*)(irep->iseq + irep->ilen);
+  }
+  else {
+    return (const struct mrb_irep_catch_handler*)NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+#define mrb_irep_catch_handler_pack(n, v)   uint32_to_bin(n, v)
+#define mrb_irep_catch_handler_unpack(v)    bin_to_uint32(v)
 
 MRB_END_DECL
 

include/mruby/istruct.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/istruct.h - Inline structures
+/**
+** @file mruby/istruct.h - Inline structures
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -19,12 +19,15 @@ MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
 #define ISTRUCT_DATA_SIZE (sizeof(void*) * 3)
 
-struct RIstruct {
+struct RIStruct {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
-  char inline_data[ISTRUCT_DATA_SIZE];
+  union {
+    intptr_t inline_alignment[3];
+    char inline_data[ISTRUCT_DATA_SIZE];
+  };
 };
 
-#define RISTRUCT(obj)         ((struct RIstruct*)(mrb_ptr(obj)))
+#define RISTRUCT(obj)         ((struct RIStruct*)(mrb_ptr(obj)))
 #define ISTRUCT_PTR(obj)      (RISTRUCT(obj)->inline_data)
 
 MRB_INLINE mrb_int mrb_istruct_size()

include/mruby/khash.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/khash.c - Hash for mruby
+/**
+** @file mruby/khash.h - Hash for mruby
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -61,7 +61,6 @@ static const uint8_t __m_either[] = {0x03, 0x0c, 0x30, 0xc0};
   typedef struct kh_##name {                                            \
     khint_t n_buckets;                                                  \
     khint_t size;                                                       \
-    khint_t n_occupied;                                                 \
     uint8_t *ed_flags;                                                  \
     khkey_t *keys;                                                      \
     khval_t *vals;                                                      \
@@ -92,19 +91,28 @@ kh_fill_flags(uint8_t *p, uint8_t c, size_t len)
    khval_t: value data type
    kh_is_map: (0: hash set / 1: hash map)
    __hash_func: hash function
-   __hash_equal: hash comparation function
+   __hash_equal: hash comparison function
 */
 #define KHASH_DEFINE(name, khkey_t, khval_t, kh_is_map, __hash_func, __hash_equal) \
-  void kh_alloc_##name(mrb_state *mrb, kh_##name##_t *h)                \
+  mrb_noreturn void mrb_raise_nomemory(mrb_state *mrb);                 \
+  int kh_alloc_simple_##name(mrb_state *mrb, kh_##name##_t *h)          \
   {                                                                     \
     khint_t sz = h->n_buckets;                                          \
     size_t len = sizeof(khkey_t) + (kh_is_map ? sizeof(khval_t) : 0);   \
-    uint8_t *p = (uint8_t*)mrb_malloc(mrb, sizeof(uint8_t)*sz/4+len*sz); \
-    h->size = h->n_occupied = 0;                                        \
+    uint8_t *p = (uint8_t*)mrb_malloc_simple(mrb, sizeof(uint8_t)*sz/4+len*sz); \
+    if (!p) { return 1; }                                               \
+    h->size = 0;                                                        \
     h->keys = (khkey_t *)p;                                             \
     h->vals = kh_is_map ? (khval_t *)(p+sizeof(khkey_t)*sz) : NULL;     \
     h->ed_flags = p+len*sz;                                             \
     kh_fill_flags(h->ed_flags, 0xaa, sz/4);                             \
+    return 0;                                                           \
+  }                                                                     \
+  void kh_alloc_##name(mrb_state *mrb, kh_##name##_t *h)                \
+  {                                                                     \
+    if (kh_alloc_simple_##name(mrb, h)) {                               \
+      mrb_raise_nomemory(mrb);                                          \
+    }                                                                   \
   }                                                                     \
   kh_##name##_t *kh_init_##name##_size(mrb_state *mrb, khint_t size) {  \
     kh_##name##_t *h = (kh_##name##_t*)mrb_calloc(mrb, 1, sizeof(kh_##name##_t)); \
@@ -112,7 +120,10 @@ kh_fill_flags(uint8_t *p, uint8_t c, size_t len)
       size = KHASH_MIN_SIZE;                                            \
     khash_power2(size);                                                 \
     h->n_buckets = size;                                                \
-    kh_alloc_##name(mrb, h);                                            \
+    if (kh_alloc_simple_##name(mrb, h)) {                               \
+      mrb_free(mrb, h);                                                 \
+      mrb_raise_nomemory(mrb);                                          \
+    }                                                                   \
     return h;                                                           \
   }                                                                     \
   kh_##name##_t *kh_init_##name(mrb_state *mrb) {                       \
@@ -130,7 +141,7 @@ kh_fill_flags(uint8_t *p, uint8_t c, size_t len)
     (void)mrb;                                                          \
     if (h && h->ed_flags) {                                             \
       kh_fill_flags(h->ed_flags, 0xaa, h->n_buckets/4);                 \
-      h->size = h->n_occupied = 0;                                      \
+      h->size = 0;                                                      \
     }                                                                   \
   }                                                                     \
   khint_t kh_get_##name(mrb_state *mrb, kh_##name##_t *h, khkey_t key)  \
@@ -174,7 +185,7 @@ kh_fill_flags(uint8_t *p, uint8_t c, size_t len)
   khint_t kh_put_##name(mrb_state *mrb, kh_##name##_t *h, khkey_t key, int *ret) \
   {                                                                     \
     khint_t k, del_k, step = 0;                                         \
-    if (h->n_occupied >= khash_upper_bound(h)) {                        \
+    if (h->size >= khash_upper_bound(h)) {                              \
       kh_resize_##name(mrb, h, h->n_buckets*2);                         \
     }                                                                   \
     k = __hash_func(mrb,key) & khash_mask(h);                           \
@@ -204,7 +215,6 @@ kh_fill_flags(uint8_t *p, uint8_t c, size_t len)
       h->keys[k] = key;                                                 \
       h->ed_flags[k/4] &= ~__m_empty[k%4];                              \
       h->size++;                                                        \
-      h->n_occupied++;                                                  \
       if (ret) *ret = 1;                                                \
       return k;                                                         \
     }                                                                   \

include/mruby/numeric.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/numeric.h - Numeric, Integer, Float, Fixnum class
+/**
+** @file mruby/numeric.h - Numeric, Integer, Float class
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -12,34 +12,38 @@
 /**
  * Numeric class and it's sub-classes.
  *
- * Integer, Float and Fixnum
+ * Integer and Float
  */
 MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
-#define TYPED_POSFIXABLE(f,t) ((f) <= (t)MRB_INT_MAX)
-#define TYPED_NEGFIXABLE(f,t) ((f) >= (t)MRB_INT_MIN)
+#define TYPED_POSFIXABLE(f,t) ((f) <= (t)MRB_FIXNUM_MAX)
+#define TYPED_NEGFIXABLE(f,t) ((f) >= (t)MRB_FIXNUM_MIN)
 #define TYPED_FIXABLE(f,t) (TYPED_POSFIXABLE(f,t) && TYPED_NEGFIXABLE(f,t))
 #define POSFIXABLE(f) TYPED_POSFIXABLE(f,mrb_int)
 #define NEGFIXABLE(f) TYPED_NEGFIXABLE(f,mrb_int)
 #define FIXABLE(f) TYPED_FIXABLE(f,mrb_int)
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
-#define FIXABLE_FLOAT(f) TYPED_FIXABLE(f,double)
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+#ifdef MRB_INT64
+#define FIXABLE_FLOAT(f) ((f)>=-9223372036854775808.0 && (f)<9223372036854775808.0)
+#else
+#define FIXABLE_FLOAT(f) TYPED_FIXABLE(f,mrb_float)
+#endif
 #endif
 
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_flo_to_fixnum(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val);
 #endif
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_fixnum_to_str(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x, mrb_int base);
 /* ArgumentError if format string doesn't match /%(\.[0-9]+)?[aAeEfFgG]/ */
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_float_to_str(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x, const char *fmt);
+MRB_API int mrb_float_to_cstr(mrb_state *mrb, char *buf, size_t len, const char *fmt, mrb_float f);
 MRB_API mrb_float mrb_to_flo(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x);
 #endif
 
-mrb_value mrb_fixnum_plus(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x, mrb_value y);
-mrb_value mrb_fixnum_minus(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x, mrb_value y);
-mrb_value mrb_fixnum_mul(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x, mrb_value y);
-mrb_value mrb_num_div(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x, mrb_value y);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_num_plus(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x, mrb_value y);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_num_minus(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x, mrb_value y);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_num_mul(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x, mrb_value y);
 
 #ifndef __has_builtin
   #define __has_builtin(x) 0
@@ -66,96 +70,100 @@ mrb_value mrb_num_div(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x, mrb_value y);
 
 #ifdef MRB_HAVE_TYPE_GENERIC_CHECKED_ARITHMETIC_BUILTINS
 
-#ifndef MRB_WORD_BOXING
-# define WBCHK(x) 0
-#else
-# define WBCHK(x) !FIXABLE(x)
-#endif
-
 static inline mrb_bool
 mrb_int_add_overflow(mrb_int augend, mrb_int addend, mrb_int *sum)
 {
-  return __builtin_add_overflow(augend, addend, sum) || WBCHK(*sum);
+  return __builtin_add_overflow(augend, addend, sum);
 }
 
 static inline mrb_bool
 mrb_int_sub_overflow(mrb_int minuend, mrb_int subtrahend, mrb_int *difference)
 {
-  return __builtin_sub_overflow(minuend, subtrahend, difference) || WBCHK(*difference);
+  return __builtin_sub_overflow(minuend, subtrahend, difference);
 }
 
 static inline mrb_bool
 mrb_int_mul_overflow(mrb_int multiplier, mrb_int multiplicand, mrb_int *product)
 {
-  return __builtin_mul_overflow(multiplier, multiplicand, product) || WBCHK(*product);
+  return __builtin_mul_overflow(multiplier, multiplicand, product);
 }
 
-#undef WBCHK
-
 #else
 
-#define MRB_UINT_MAKE2(n) uint ## n ## _t
-#define MRB_UINT_MAKE(n) MRB_UINT_MAKE2(n)
-#define mrb_uint MRB_UINT_MAKE(MRB_INT_BIT)
-
-#define MRB_INT_OVERFLOW_MASK ((mrb_uint)1 << (MRB_INT_BIT - 1 - MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT))
+#define MRB_INT_OVERFLOW_MASK ((mrb_uint)1 << (MRB_INT_BIT - 1))
 
 static inline mrb_bool
-mrb_int_add_overflow(mrb_int augend, mrb_int addend, mrb_int *sum)
+mrb_int_add_overflow(mrb_int a, mrb_int b, mrb_int *c)
 {
-  mrb_uint x = (mrb_uint)augend;
-  mrb_uint y = (mrb_uint)addend;
+  mrb_uint x = (mrb_uint)a;
+  mrb_uint y = (mrb_uint)b;
   mrb_uint z = (mrb_uint)(x + y);
-  *sum = (mrb_int)z;
+  *c = (mrb_int)z;
   return !!(((x ^ z) & (y ^ z)) & MRB_INT_OVERFLOW_MASK);
 }
 
 static inline mrb_bool
-mrb_int_sub_overflow(mrb_int minuend, mrb_int subtrahend, mrb_int *difference)
+mrb_int_sub_overflow(mrb_int a, mrb_int b, mrb_int *c)
 {
-  mrb_uint x = (mrb_uint)minuend;
-  mrb_uint y = (mrb_uint)subtrahend;
+  mrb_uint x = (mrb_uint)a;
+  mrb_uint y = (mrb_uint)b;
   mrb_uint z = (mrb_uint)(x - y);
-  *difference = (mrb_int)z;
+  *c = (mrb_int)z;
   return !!(((x ^ z) & (~y ^ z)) & MRB_INT_OVERFLOW_MASK);
 }
 
 static inline mrb_bool
-mrb_int_mul_overflow(mrb_int multiplier, mrb_int multiplicand, mrb_int *product)
+mrb_int_mul_overflow(mrb_int a, mrb_int b, mrb_int *c)
 {
-#if MRB_INT_BIT == 32
-  int64_t n = (int64_t)multiplier * multiplicand;
-  *product = (mrb_int)n;
-  return !FIXABLE(n);
-#else
-  if (multiplier > 0) {
-    if (multiplicand > 0) {
-      if (multiplier > MRB_INT_MAX / multiplicand) return TRUE;
-    }
-    else {
-      if (multiplicand < MRB_INT_MAX / multiplier) return TRUE;
-    }
-  }
-  else {
-    if (multiplicand > 0) {
-      if (multiplier < MRB_INT_MAX / multiplicand) return TRUE;
-    }
-    else {
-      if (multiplier != 0 && multiplicand < MRB_INT_MAX / multiplier) return TRUE;
-    }
-  }
-  *product = multiplier * multiplicand;
+#ifdef MRB_INT32
+  int64_t n = (int64_t)a * b;
+  *c = (mrb_int)n;
+  return n > MRB_INT_MAX || n < MRB_INT_MIN;
+#else /* MRB_INT64 */
+  if (a > 0 && b > 0 && a > MRB_INT_MAX / b) return TRUE;
+  if (a < 0 && b > 0 && a < MRB_INT_MIN / b) return TRUE;
+  if (a > 0 && b < 0 && b < MRB_INT_MIN / a) return TRUE;
+  if (a < 0 && b < 0 && (a <= MRB_INT_MIN || b <= MRB_INT_MIN || -a > MRB_INT_MAX / -b))
+    return TRUE;
+  *c = a * b;
   return FALSE;
 #endif
 }
 
 #undef MRB_INT_OVERFLOW_MASK
-#undef mrb_uint
-#undef MRB_UINT_MAKE
-#undef MRB_UINT_MAKE2
 
 #endif
 
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+# include <stdint.h>
+# include <float.h>
+
+# define MRB_FLT_RADIX          FLT_RADIX
+
+# ifdef MRB_USE_FLOAT32
+#  define MRB_FLT_MANT_DIG      FLT_MANT_DIG
+#  define MRB_FLT_EPSILON       FLT_EPSILON
+#  define MRB_FLT_DIG           FLT_DIG
+#  define MRB_FLT_MIN_EXP       FLT_MIN_EXP
+#  define MRB_FLT_MIN           FLT_MIN
+#  define MRB_FLT_MIN_10_EXP    FLT_MIN_10_EXP
+#  define MRB_FLT_MAX_EXP       FLT_MAX_EXP
+#  define MRB_FLT_MAX           FLT_MAX
+#  define MRB_FLT_MAX_10_EXP    FLT_MAX_10_EXP
+
+# else /* not MRB_USE_FLOAT32 */
+#  define MRB_FLT_MANT_DIG      DBL_MANT_DIG
+#  define MRB_FLT_EPSILON       DBL_EPSILON
+#  define MRB_FLT_DIG           DBL_DIG
+#  define MRB_FLT_MIN_EXP       DBL_MIN_EXP
+#  define MRB_FLT_MIN           DBL_MIN
+#  define MRB_FLT_MIN_10_EXP    DBL_MIN_10_EXP
+#  define MRB_FLT_MAX_EXP       DBL_MAX_EXP
+#  define MRB_FLT_MAX           DBL_MAX
+#  define MRB_FLT_MAX_10_EXP    DBL_MAX_10_EXP
+# endif /* MRB_USE_FLOAT32 */
+#endif /* MRB_NO_FLOAT */
+
 MRB_END_DECL
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_NUMERIC_H */

include/mruby/object.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/object.h - mruby object definition
+/**
+** @file mruby/object.h - mruby object definition
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -8,25 +8,24 @@
 #define MRUBY_OBJECT_H
 
 #define MRB_OBJECT_HEADER \
-  enum mrb_vtype tt:8;\
-  uint32_t color:3;\
-  uint32_t flags:21;\
-  struct RClass *c;\
-  struct RBasic *gcnext
-
-#define MRB_FLAG_TEST(obj, flag) ((obj)->flags & flag)
+  struct RClass *c;       \
+  struct RBasic *gcnext;  \
+  enum mrb_vtype tt:8;    \
+  uint32_t color:3;       \
+  uint32_t flags:21
 
+#define MRB_FLAG_TEST(obj, flag) ((obj)->flags & (flag))
 
 struct RBasic {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
 };
 #define mrb_basic_ptr(v) ((struct RBasic*)(mrb_ptr(v)))
 
-/* flags bits >= 18 is reserved */
-#define MRB_FLAG_IS_FROZEN (1 << 18)
-#define MRB_FROZEN_P(o) ((o)->flags & MRB_FLAG_IS_FROZEN)
-#define MRB_SET_FROZEN_FLAG(o) ((o)->flags |= MRB_FLAG_IS_FROZEN)
-#define MRB_UNSET_FROZEN_FLAG(o) ((o)->flags &= ~MRB_FLAG_IS_FROZEN)
+#define MRB_FL_OBJ_IS_FROZEN (1 << 20)
+#define MRB_FROZEN_P(o) ((o)->flags & MRB_FL_OBJ_IS_FROZEN)
+#define MRB_SET_FROZEN_FLAG(o) ((o)->flags |= MRB_FL_OBJ_IS_FROZEN)
+#define MRB_UNSET_FROZEN_FLAG(o) ((o)->flags &= ~MRB_FL_OBJ_IS_FROZEN)
+#define mrb_frozen_p(o) MRB_FROZEN_P(o)
 
 struct RObject {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
@@ -34,7 +33,6 @@ struct RObject {
 };
 #define mrb_obj_ptr(v)   ((struct RObject*)(mrb_ptr(v)))
 
-#define mrb_immediate_p(x) (mrb_type(x) < MRB_TT_HAS_BASIC)
 #define mrb_special_const_p(x) mrb_immediate_p(x)
 
 struct RFiber {

include/mruby/opcode.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/opcode.h - RiteVM operation codes
+/**
+** @file mruby/opcode.h - RiteVM operation codes
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -7,145 +7,10 @@
 #ifndef MRUBY_OPCODE_H
 #define MRUBY_OPCODE_H
 
-#define MAXARG_Bx        (0xffff)
-#define MAXARG_sBx       (MAXARG_Bx>>1)         /* 'sBx' is signed */
-
-/* instructions: packed 32 bit      */
-/* -------------------------------  */
-/*     A:B:C:OP = 9: 9: 7: 7        */
-/*      A:Bx:OP =    9:16: 7        */
-/*        Ax:OP =      25: 7        */
-/*   A:Bz:Cz:OP = 9:14: 2: 7        */
-
-#define GET_OPCODE(i)            ((int)(((mrb_code)(i)) & 0x7f))
-#define GETARG_A(i)              ((int)((((mrb_code)(i)) >> 23) & 0x1ff))
-#define GETARG_B(i)              ((int)((((mrb_code)(i)) >> 14) & 0x1ff))
-#define GETARG_C(i)              ((int)((((mrb_code)(i)) >>  7) & 0x7f))
-#define GETARG_Bx(i)             ((int)((((mrb_code)(i)) >>  7) & 0xffff))
-#define GETARG_sBx(i)            ((int)(GETARG_Bx(i)-MAXARG_sBx))
-#define GETARG_Ax(i)             ((int32_t)((((mrb_code)(i)) >>  7) & 0x1ffffff))
-#define GETARG_UNPACK_b(i,n1,n2) ((int)((((mrb_code)(i)) >> (7+(n2))) & (((1<<(n1))-1))))
-#define GETARG_UNPACK_c(i,n1,n2) ((int)((((mrb_code)(i)) >> 7) & (((1<<(n2))-1))))
-#define GETARG_b(i)              GETARG_UNPACK_b(i,14,2)
-#define GETARG_c(i)              GETARG_UNPACK_c(i,14,2)
-
-#define MKOPCODE(op)          ((op) & 0x7f)
-#define MKARG_A(c)            ((mrb_code)((c) & 0x1ff) << 23)
-#define MKARG_B(c)            ((mrb_code)((c) & 0x1ff) << 14)
-#define MKARG_C(c)            (((c) & 0x7f) <<  7)
-#define MKARG_Bx(v)           ((mrb_code)((v) & 0xffff) << 7)
-#define MKARG_sBx(v)          MKARG_Bx((v)+MAXARG_sBx)
-#define MKARG_Ax(v)           ((mrb_code)((v) & 0x1ffffff) << 7)
-#define MKARG_PACK(b,n1,c,n2) ((((b) & ((1<<n1)-1)) << (7+n2))|(((c) & ((1<<n2)-1)) << 7))
-#define MKARG_bc(b,c)         MKARG_PACK(b,14,c,2)
-
-#define MKOP_A(op,a)        (MKOPCODE(op)|MKARG_A(a))
-#define MKOP_AB(op,a,b)     (MKOP_A(op,a)|MKARG_B(b))
-#define MKOP_ABC(op,a,b,c)  (MKOP_AB(op,a,b)|MKARG_C(c))
-#define MKOP_ABx(op,a,bx)   (MKOP_A(op,a)|MKARG_Bx(bx))
-#define MKOP_Bx(op,bx)      (MKOPCODE(op)|MKARG_Bx(bx))
-#define MKOP_sBx(op,sbx)    (MKOPCODE(op)|MKARG_sBx(sbx))
-#define MKOP_AsBx(op,a,sbx) (MKOP_A(op,a)|MKARG_sBx(sbx))
-#define MKOP_Ax(op,ax)      (MKOPCODE(op)|MKARG_Ax(ax))
-#define MKOP_Abc(op,a,b,c)  (MKOP_A(op,a)|MKARG_bc(b,c))
-
-enum {
-  /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
-  operation code  operand description
-  ------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
-  OP_NOP=0,/*                                                             */
-  OP_MOVE,/*      A B     R(A) := R(B)                                    */
-  OP_LOADL,/*     A Bx    R(A) := Pool(Bx)                                */
-  OP_LOADI,/*     A sBx   R(A) := sBx                                     */
-  OP_LOADSYM,/*   A Bx    R(A) := Syms(Bx)                                */
-  OP_LOADNIL,/*   A       R(A) := nil                                     */
-  OP_LOADSELF,/*  A       R(A) := self                                    */
-  OP_LOADT,/*     A       R(A) := true                                    */
-  OP_LOADF,/*     A       R(A) := false                                   */
-
-  OP_GETGLOBAL,/* A Bx    R(A) := getglobal(Syms(Bx))                     */
-  OP_SETGLOBAL,/* A Bx    setglobal(Syms(Bx), R(A))                       */
-  OP_GETSPECIAL,/*A Bx    R(A) := Special[Bx]                             */
-  OP_SETSPECIAL,/*A Bx    Special[Bx] := R(A)                             */
-  OP_GETIV,/*     A Bx    R(A) := ivget(Syms(Bx))                         */
-  OP_SETIV,/*     A Bx    ivset(Syms(Bx),R(A))                            */
-  OP_GETCV,/*     A Bx    R(A) := cvget(Syms(Bx))                         */
-  OP_SETCV,/*     A Bx    cvset(Syms(Bx),R(A))                            */
-  OP_GETCONST,/*  A Bx    R(A) := constget(Syms(Bx))                      */
-  OP_SETCONST,/*  A Bx    constset(Syms(Bx),R(A))                         */
-  OP_GETMCNST,/*  A Bx    R(A) := R(A)::Syms(Bx)                          */
-  OP_SETMCNST,/*  A Bx    R(A+1)::Syms(Bx) := R(A)                        */
-  OP_GETUPVAR,/*  A B C   R(A) := uvget(B,C)                              */
-  OP_SETUPVAR,/*  A B C   uvset(B,C,R(A))                                 */
-
-  OP_JMP,/*       sBx     pc+=sBx                                         */
-  OP_JMPIF,/*     A sBx   if R(A) pc+=sBx                                 */
-  OP_JMPNOT,/*    A sBx   if !R(A) pc+=sBx                                */
-  OP_ONERR,/*     sBx     rescue_push(pc+sBx)                             */
-  OP_RESCUE,/*    A B C   if A (if C exc=R(A) else R(A) := exc);
-                          if B R(B) := exc.isa?(R(B)); clear(exc)         */
-  OP_POPERR,/*    A       A.times{rescue_pop()}                           */
-  OP_RAISE,/*     A       raise(R(A))                                     */
-  OP_EPUSH,/*     Bx      ensure_push(SEQ[Bx])                            */
-  OP_EPOP,/*      A       A.times{ensure_pop().call}                      */
-
-  OP_SEND,/*      A B C   R(A) := call(R(A),Syms(B),R(A+1),...,R(A+C))    */
-  OP_SENDB,/*     A B C   R(A) := call(R(A),Syms(B),R(A+1),...,R(A+C),&R(A+C+1))*/
-  OP_FSEND,/*     A B C   R(A) := fcall(R(A),Syms(B),R(A+1),...,R(A+C-1)) */
-  OP_CALL,/*      A       R(A) := self.call(frame.argc, frame.argv)       */
-  OP_SUPER,/*     A C     R(A) := super(R(A+1),... ,R(A+C+1))             */
-  OP_ARGARY,/*    A Bx    R(A) := argument array (16=6:1:5:4)             */
-  OP_ENTER,/*     Ax      arg setup according to flags (23=5:5:1:5:5:1:1) */
-  OP_KARG,/*      A B C   R(A) := kdict[Syms(B)]; if C kdict.rm(Syms(B))  */
-  OP_KDICT,/*     A C     R(A) := kdict                                   */
-
-  OP_RETURN,/*    A B     return R(A) (B=normal,in-block return/break)    */
-  OP_TAILCALL,/*  A B C   return call(R(A),Syms(B),*R(C))                 */
-  OP_BLKPUSH,/*   A Bx    R(A) := block (16=6:1:5:4)                      */
-
-  OP_ADD,/*       A B C   R(A) := R(A)+R(A+1) (Syms[B]=:+,C=1)            */
-  OP_ADDI,/*      A B C   R(A) := R(A)+C (Syms[B]=:+)                     */
-  OP_SUB,/*       A B C   R(A) := R(A)-R(A+1) (Syms[B]=:-,C=1)            */
-  OP_SUBI,/*      A B C   R(A) := R(A)-C (Syms[B]=:-)                     */
-  OP_MUL,/*       A B C   R(A) := R(A)*R(A+1) (Syms[B]=:*,C=1)            */
-  OP_DIV,/*       A B C   R(A) := R(A)/R(A+1) (Syms[B]=:/,C=1)            */
-  OP_EQ,/*        A B C   R(A) := R(A)==R(A+1) (Syms[B]=:==,C=1)          */
-  OP_LT,/*        A B C   R(A) := R(A)<R(A+1)  (Syms[B]=:<,C=1)           */
-  OP_LE,/*        A B C   R(A) := R(A)<=R(A+1) (Syms[B]=:<=,C=1)          */
-  OP_GT,/*        A B C   R(A) := R(A)>R(A+1)  (Syms[B]=:>,C=1)           */
-  OP_GE,/*        A B C   R(A) := R(A)>=R(A+1) (Syms[B]=:>=,C=1)          */
-
-  OP_ARRAY,/*     A B C   R(A) := ary_new(R(B),R(B+1)..R(B+C))            */
-  OP_ARYCAT,/*    A B     ary_cat(R(A),R(B))                              */
-  OP_ARYPUSH,/*   A B     ary_push(R(A),R(B))                             */
-  OP_AREF,/*      A B C   R(A) := R(B)[C]                                 */
-  OP_ASET,/*      A B C   R(B)[C] := R(A)                                 */
-  OP_APOST,/*     A B C   *R(A),R(A+1)..R(A+C) := R(A)                    */
-
-  OP_STRING,/*    A Bx    R(A) := str_dup(Lit(Bx))                        */
-  OP_STRCAT,/*    A B     str_cat(R(A),R(B))                              */
-
-  OP_HASH,/*      A B C   R(A) := hash_new(R(B),R(B+1)..R(B+C))           */
-  OP_LAMBDA,/*    A Bz Cz R(A) := lambda(SEQ[Bz],Cz)                      */
-  OP_RANGE,/*     A B C   R(A) := range_new(R(B),R(B+1),C)                */
-
-  OP_OCLASS,/*    A       R(A) := ::Object                                */
-  OP_CLASS,/*     A B     R(A) := newclass(R(A),Syms(B),R(A+1))           */
-  OP_MODULE,/*    A B     R(A) := newmodule(R(A),Syms(B))                 */
-  OP_EXEC,/*      A Bx    R(A) := blockexec(R(A),SEQ[Bx])                 */
-  OP_METHOD,/*    A B     R(A).newmethod(Syms(B),R(A+1))                  */
-  OP_SCLASS,/*    A B     R(A) := R(B).singleton_class                    */
-  OP_TCLASS,/*    A       R(A) := target_class                            */
-
-  OP_DEBUG,/*     A B C   print R(A),R(B),R(C)                            */
-  OP_STOP,/*              stop VM                                         */
-  OP_ERR,/*       Bx      raise RuntimeError with message Lit(Bx)         */
-
-  OP_RSVD1,/*             reserved instruction #1                         */
-  OP_RSVD2,/*             reserved instruction #2                         */
-  OP_RSVD3,/*             reserved instruction #3                         */
-  OP_RSVD4,/*             reserved instruction #4                         */
-  OP_RSVD5,/*             reserved instruction #5                         */
+enum mrb_insn {
+#define OPCODE(x,_) OP_ ## x,
+#include "mruby/ops.h"
+#undef OPCODE
 };
 
 #define OP_L_STRICT  1
@@ -158,4 +23,21 @@ enum {
 #define OP_R_BREAK  1
 #define OP_R_RETURN 2
 
+#define PEEK_B(pc) (*(pc))
+#define PEEK_S(pc) ((pc)[0]<<8|(pc)[1])
+#define PEEK_W(pc) ((pc)[0]<<16|(pc)[1]<<8|(pc)[2])
+
+#define READ_B() PEEK_B(pc++)
+#define READ_S() (pc+=2, PEEK_S(pc-2))
+#define READ_W() (pc+=3, PEEK_W(pc-3))
+
+#define FETCH_Z() /* nothing */
+#define FETCH_B() do {a=READ_B();} while (0)
+#define FETCH_BB() do {a=READ_B(); b=READ_B();} while (0)
+#define FETCH_BBB() do {a=READ_B(); b=READ_B(); c=READ_B();} while (0)
+#define FETCH_BS() do {a=READ_B(); b=READ_S();} while (0)
+#define FETCH_BSS() do {a=READ_B(); b=READ_S(); c=READ_S();} while (0)
+#define FETCH_S() do {a=READ_S();} while (0)
+#define FETCH_W() do {a=READ_W();} while (0)
+
 #endif  /* MRUBY_OPCODE_H */

include/mruby/ops.h

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/* operand types:
+   + Z: no operand
+   + B: 8bit
+   + BB: 8+8bit
+   + BBB: 8+8+8bit
+   + BS: 8+16bit
+   + BSS: 8+16+16bit
+   + S: 16bit
+   + W: 24bit
+*/
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+operation code    operands      semantics
+------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+OPCODE(NOP,        Z)        /* no operation */
+OPCODE(MOVE,       BB)       /* R(a) = R(b) */
+OPCODE(LOADL,      BB)       /* R(a) = Pool(b) */
+OPCODE(LOADL16,    BS)       /* R(a) = Pool(b) */
+OPCODE(LOADI,      BB)       /* R(a) = mrb_int(b) */
+OPCODE(LOADINEG,   BB)       /* R(a) = mrb_int(-b) */
+OPCODE(LOADI__1,   B)        /* R(a) = mrb_int(-1) */
+OPCODE(LOADI_0,    B)        /* R(a) = mrb_int(0) */
+OPCODE(LOADI_1,    B)        /* R(a) = mrb_int(1) */
+OPCODE(LOADI_2,    B)        /* R(a) = mrb_int(2) */
+OPCODE(LOADI_3,    B)        /* R(a) = mrb_int(3) */
+OPCODE(LOADI_4,    B)        /* R(a) = mrb_int(4) */
+OPCODE(LOADI_5,    B)        /* R(a) = mrb_int(5) */
+OPCODE(LOADI_6,    B)        /* R(a) = mrb_int(6) */
+OPCODE(LOADI_7,    B)        /* R(a) = mrb_int(7) */
+OPCODE(LOADI16,    BS)       /* R(a) = mrb_int(b) */
+OPCODE(LOADI32,    BSS)      /* R(a) = mrb_int((b<<16)+c) */
+OPCODE(LOADSYM,    BB)       /* R(a) = Syms(b) */
+OPCODE(LOADSYM16,  BS)       /* R(a) = Syms(b) */
+OPCODE(LOADNIL,    B)        /* R(a) = nil */
+OPCODE(LOADSELF,   B)        /* R(a) = self */
+OPCODE(LOADT,      B)        /* R(a) = true */
+OPCODE(LOADF,      B)        /* R(a) = false */
+OPCODE(GETGV,      BB)       /* R(a) = getglobal(Syms(b)) */
+OPCODE(SETGV,      BB)       /* setglobal(Syms(b), R(a)) */
+OPCODE(GETSV,      BB)       /* R(a) = Special[Syms(b)] */
+OPCODE(SETSV,      BB)       /* Special[Syms(b)] = R(a) */
+OPCODE(GETIV,      BB)       /* R(a) = ivget(Syms(b)) */
+OPCODE(SETIV,      BB)       /* ivset(Syms(b),R(a)) */
+OPCODE(GETCV,      BB)       /* R(a) = cvget(Syms(b)) */
+OPCODE(SETCV,      BB)       /* cvset(Syms(b),R(a)) */
+OPCODE(GETCONST,   BB)       /* R(a) = constget(Syms(b)) */
+OPCODE(SETCONST,   BB)       /* constset(Syms(b),R(a)) */
+OPCODE(GETMCNST,   BB)       /* R(a) = R(a)::Syms(b) */
+OPCODE(SETMCNST,   BB)       /* R(a+1)::Syms(b) = R(a) */
+OPCODE(GETUPVAR,   BBB)      /* R(a) = uvget(b,c) */
+OPCODE(SETUPVAR,   BBB)      /* uvset(b,c,R(a)) */
+OPCODE(JMP,        S)        /* pc+=a */
+OPCODE(JMPIF,      BS)       /* if R(a) pc+=b */
+OPCODE(JMPNOT,     BS)       /* if !R(a) pc+=b */
+OPCODE(JMPNIL,     BS)       /* if R(a)==nil pc+=b */
+OPCODE(JMPUW,      S)        /* unwind_and_jump_to(a) */
+OPCODE(EXCEPT,     B)        /* R(a) = exc */
+OPCODE(RESCUE,     BB)       /* R(b) = R(a).isa?(R(b)) */
+OPCODE(RAISEIF,    B)        /* raise(R(a)) if R(a) */
+OPCODE(SENDV,      BB)       /* R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),*R(a+1)) */
+OPCODE(SENDVB,     BB)       /* R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),*R(a+1),&R(a+2)) */
+OPCODE(SEND,       BBB)      /* R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1),...,R(a+c)) */
+OPCODE(SENDB,      BBB)      /* R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1),...,R(a+c),&R(a+c+1)) */
+OPCODE(SENDVK,     BB)       /* R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),*R(a+1),**(a+2),&R(a+3)) # todo */
+OPCODE(CALL,       Z)        /* R(0) = self.call(frame.argc, frame.argv) */
+OPCODE(SUPER,      BB)       /* R(a) = super(R(a+1),... ,R(a+b+1)) */
+OPCODE(ARGARY,     BS)       /* R(a) = argument array (16=m5:r1:m5:d1:lv4) */
+OPCODE(ENTER,      W)        /* arg setup according to flags (23=m5:o5:r1:m5:k5:d1:b1) */
+OPCODE(KEY_P,      BB)       /* R(a) = kdict.key?(Syms(b)) */
+OPCODE(KEYEND,     Z)        /* raise unless kdict.empty? */
+OPCODE(KARG,       BB)       /* R(a) = kdict[Syms(b)]; kdict.delete(Syms(b)) */
+OPCODE(RETURN,     B)        /* return R(a) (normal) */
+OPCODE(RETURN_BLK, B)        /* return R(a) (in-block return) */
+OPCODE(BREAK,      B)        /* break R(a) */
+OPCODE(BLKPUSH,    BS)       /* R(a) = block (16=m5:r1:m5:d1:lv4) */
+OPCODE(ADD,        B)        /* R(a) = R(a)+R(a+1) */
+OPCODE(ADDI,       BB)       /* R(a) = R(a)+mrb_int(b) */
+OPCODE(SUB,        B)        /* R(a) = R(a)-R(a+1) */
+OPCODE(SUBI,       BB)       /* R(a) = R(a)-mrb_int(b) */
+OPCODE(MUL,        B)        /* R(a) = R(a)*R(a+1) */
+OPCODE(DIV,        B)        /* R(a) = R(a)/R(a+1) */
+OPCODE(EQ,         B)        /* R(a) = R(a)==R(a+1) */
+OPCODE(LT,         B)        /* R(a) = R(a)<R(a+1) */
+OPCODE(LE,         B)        /* R(a) = R(a)<=R(a+1) */
+OPCODE(GT,         B)        /* R(a) = R(a)>R(a+1) */
+OPCODE(GE,         B)        /* R(a) = R(a)>=R(a+1) */
+OPCODE(ARRAY,      BB)       /* R(a) = ary_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b)) */
+OPCODE(ARRAY2,     BBB)      /* R(a) = ary_new(R(b),R(b+1)..R(b+c)) */
+OPCODE(ARYCAT,     B)        /* ary_cat(R(a),R(a+1)) */
+OPCODE(ARYPUSH,    B)        /* ary_push(R(a),R(a+1)) */
+OPCODE(ARYDUP,     B)        /* R(a) = ary_dup(R(a)) */
+OPCODE(AREF,       BBB)      /* R(a) = R(b)[c] */
+OPCODE(ASET,       BBB)      /* R(a)[c] = R(b) */
+OPCODE(APOST,      BBB)      /* *R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+c) = R(a)[b..] */
+OPCODE(INTERN,     B)        /* R(a) = intern(R(a)) */
+OPCODE(STRING,     BB)       /* R(a) = str_dup(Lit(b)) */
+OPCODE(STRING16,   BS)       /* R(a) = str_dup(Lit(b)) */
+OPCODE(STRCAT,     B)        /* str_cat(R(a),R(a+1)) */
+OPCODE(HASH,       BB)       /* R(a) = hash_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b*2-1)) */
+OPCODE(HASHADD,    BB)       /* R(a) = hash_push(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b*2)) */
+OPCODE(HASHCAT,    B)        /* R(a) = hash_cat(R(a),R(a+1)) */
+OPCODE(LAMBDA,     BB)       /* R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],L_LAMBDA) */
+OPCODE(LAMBDA16,   BS)       /* R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],L_LAMBDA) */
+OPCODE(BLOCK,      BB)       /* R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],L_BLOCK) */
+OPCODE(BLOCK16,    BS)       /* R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],L_BLOCK) */
+OPCODE(METHOD,     BB)       /* R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],L_METHOD) */
+OPCODE(METHOD16,   BS)       /* R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],L_METHOD) */
+OPCODE(RANGE_INC,  B)        /* R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),FALSE) */
+OPCODE(RANGE_EXC,  B)        /* R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),TRUE) */
+OPCODE(OCLASS,     B)        /* R(a) = ::Object */
+OPCODE(CLASS,      BB)       /* R(a) = newclass(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1)) */
+OPCODE(MODULE,     BB)       /* R(a) = newmodule(R(a),Syms(b)) */
+OPCODE(EXEC,       BB)       /* R(a) = blockexec(R(a),SEQ[b]) */
+OPCODE(EXEC16,     BS)       /* R(a) = blockexec(R(a),SEQ[b]) */
+OPCODE(DEF,        BB)       /* R(a).newmethod(Syms(b),R(a+1)) */
+OPCODE(ALIAS,      BB)       /* alias_method(target_class,Syms(a),Syms(b)) */
+OPCODE(UNDEF,      B)        /* undef_method(target_class,Syms(a)) */
+OPCODE(SCLASS,     B)        /* R(a) = R(a).singleton_class */
+OPCODE(TCLASS,     B)        /* R(a) = target_class */
+OPCODE(DEBUG,      BBB)      /* print a,b,c */
+OPCODE(ERR,        B)        /* raise(LocalJumpError, Lit(a)) */
+OPCODE(STOP,       Z)        /* stop VM */

include/mruby/presym.h

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+** @file mruby/presym.h - Preallocated Symbols
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef MRUBY_PRESYM_H
+#define MRUBY_PRESYM_H
+
+#if defined(MRB_NO_PRESYM)
+# include <mruby/presym/disable.h>
+#elif !defined(MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING)
+# include <mruby/presym/enable.h>
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Where `mrb_intern_lit` is allowed for symbol interning, it is directly
+ * replaced by the symbol ID if presym is enabled by using the following
+ * macros.
+ *
+ *   MRB_OPSYM(xor)  //=> ^      (Operator)
+ *   MRB_CVSYM(xor)  //=> @@xor  (Class Variable)
+ *   MRB_IVSYM(xor)  //=> @xor   (Instance Variable)
+ *   MRB_SYM_B(xor)  //=> xor!   (Method with Bang)
+ *   MRB_SYM_Q(xor)  //=> xor?   (Method with Question mark)
+ *   MRB_SYM_E(xor)  //=> xor=   (Method with Equal)
+ *   MRB_SYM(xor)    //=> xor    (Word characters)
+ *
+ * For `MRB_OPSYM`, specify the names corresponding to operators (see
+ * `MRuby::Presym::OPERATORS` in `lib/mruby/presym.rb` for the names that
+ * can be specified for it). Other than that, describe only word characters
+ * excluding leading and ending punctuations.
+ *
+ * These macros are expanded to `mrb_intern_lit` if presym is disabled,
+ * therefore the mruby state variable is required. The above macros can be
+ * used when the variable name is `mrb`. If you want to use other variable
+ * names, you need to use macros with `_2` suffix, such as `MRB_SYM_2`.
+ */
+
+#endif  /* MRUBY_PRESYM_H */

include/mruby/presym/disable.h

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/**
+** @file mruby/presym/disable.h - Disable Preallocated Symbols
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef MRUBY_PRESYM_DISABLE_H
+#define MRUBY_PRESYM_DISABLE_H
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define MRB_PRESYM_MAX 0
+
+#define MRB_OPSYM(name) MRB_OPSYM__##name(mrb)
+#define MRB_CVSYM(name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "@@" #name)
+#define MRB_IVSYM(name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "@" #name)
+#define MRB_SYM_B(name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, #name "!")
+#define MRB_SYM_Q(name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, #name "?")
+#define MRB_SYM_E(name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, #name "=")
+#define MRB_SYM(name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, #name)
+
+#define MRB_OPSYM_2(mrb, name) MRB_OPSYM__##name(mrb)
+#define MRB_CVSYM_2(mrb, name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "@@" #name)
+#define MRB_IVSYM_2(mrb, name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "@" #name)
+#define MRB_SYM_B_2(mrb, name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, #name "!")
+#define MRB_SYM_Q_2(mrb, name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, #name "?")
+#define MRB_SYM_E_2(mrb, name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, #name "=")
+#define MRB_SYM_2(mrb, name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, #name)
+
+#define MRB_OPSYM__not(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "!")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__mod(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "%")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__and(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "&")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__mul(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "*")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__add(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "+")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__sub(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "-")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__div(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "/")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__lt(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "<")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__gt(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, ">")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__xor(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "^")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__tick(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "`")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__or(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "|")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__neg(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "~")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__neq(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "!=")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__nmatch(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "!~")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__andand(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "&&")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__pow(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "**")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__plus(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "+@")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__minus(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "-@")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__lshift(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "<<")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__le(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "<=")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__eq(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "==")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__match(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "=~")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__ge(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, ">=")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__rshift(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, ">>")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__aref(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "[]")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__oror(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "||")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__cmp(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "<=>")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__eqq(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "===")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__aset(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "[]=")
+
+#define MRB_PRESYM_DEFINE_VAR_AND_INITER(name, size, ...)                     \
+  static mrb_sym name[size];                                                  \
+  static void presym_init_##name(mrb_state *mrb) {                            \
+    mrb_sym name__[] = {__VA_ARGS__};                                         \
+    memcpy(name, name__, sizeof(name));                                       \
+  }
+
+#define MRB_PRESYM_INIT_SYMBOLS(mrb, name) presym_init_##name(mrb)
+
+#endif  /* MRUBY_PRESYM_DISABLE_H */

include/mruby/presym/enable.h

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/**
+** @file mruby/presym/enable.h - Enable Preallocated Symbols
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef MRUBY_PRESYM_ENABLE_H
+#define MRUBY_PRESYM_ENABLE_H
+
+#include <mruby/presym/id.h>
+
+#define MRB_OPSYM(name) MRB_OPSYM__##name
+#define MRB_CVSYM(name) MRB_CVSYM__##name
+#define MRB_IVSYM(name) MRB_IVSYM__##name
+#define MRB_SYM_B(name) MRB_SYM_B__##name
+#define MRB_SYM_Q(name) MRB_SYM_Q__##name
+#define MRB_SYM_E(name) MRB_SYM_E__##name
+#define MRB_SYM(name) MRB_SYM__##name
+
+#define MRB_OPSYM_2(mrb, name) MRB_OPSYM__##name
+#define MRB_CVSYM_2(mrb, name) MRB_CVSYM__##name
+#define MRB_IVSYM_2(mrb, name) MRB_IVSYM__##name
+#define MRB_SYM_B_2(mrb, name) MRB_SYM_B__##name
+#define MRB_SYM_Q_2(mrb, name) MRB_SYM_Q__##name
+#define MRB_SYM_E_2(mrb, name) MRB_SYM_E__##name
+#define MRB_SYM_2(mrb, name) MRB_SYM__##name
+
+#define MRB_PRESYM_DEFINE_VAR_AND_INITER(name, size, ...)                     \
+  static const mrb_sym name[] = {__VA_ARGS__};
+
+#define MRB_PRESYM_INIT_SYMBOLS(mrb, name) (void)(mrb)
+
+/* use MRB_SYM() for E_RUNTIME_ERROR etc. */
+#undef MRB_ERROR_SYM
+#define MRB_ERROR_SYM(sym) MRB_SYM(sym)
+
+#endif  /* MRUBY_PRESYM_ENABLE_H */

include/mruby/presym/scanning.h

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+** @file mruby/presym/scanning.h - Scanning Preallocated Symbols
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef MRUBY_PRESYM_SCANNING_H
+#define MRUBY_PRESYM_SCANNING_H
+
+#define MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(arg) <@! arg !@>
+
+#undef mrb_intern_lit
+#define mrb_intern_lit(mrb, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_intern_cstr(mrb, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_method(mrb, c, name, f, a) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_class_method(mrb, c, name, f, a) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_singleton_method(mrb, c, name, f, a) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_class(mrb, name, s) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_class_under(mrb, o, name, s) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_module(mrb, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_module_under(mrb, o, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_module_function(mrb, c, name, f, s) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_const(mrb, c, name, v) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_global_const(mrb, name, v) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+
+#define MRB_OPSYM(name) MRB_OPSYM__##name(mrb)
+#define MRB_CVSYM(name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("@@" #name)
+#define MRB_IVSYM(name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("@" #name)
+#define MRB_SYM_B(name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(#name "!")
+#define MRB_SYM_Q(name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(#name "?")
+#define MRB_SYM_E(name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(#name "=")
+#define MRB_SYM(name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(#name)
+
+#define MRB_OPSYM_2(mrb, name) MRB_OPSYM__##name(mrb)
+#define MRB_CVSYM_2(mrb, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("@@" #name)
+#define MRB_IVSYM_2(mrb, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("@" #name)
+#define MRB_SYM_B_2(mrb, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(#name "!")
+#define MRB_SYM_Q_2(mrb, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(#name "?")
+#define MRB_SYM_E_2(mrb, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(#name "=")
+#define MRB_SYM_2(mrb, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(#name)
+
+#define MRB_OPSYM__not(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("!")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__mod(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("%")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__and(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("&")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__mul(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("*")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__add(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("+")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__sub(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("-")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__div(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("/")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__lt(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("<")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__gt(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(">")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__xor(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("^")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__tick(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("`")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__or(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("|")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__neg(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("~")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__neq(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("!=")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__nmatch(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("!~")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__andand(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("&&")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__pow(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("**")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__plus(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("+@")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__minus(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("-@")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__lshift(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("<<")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__le(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("<=")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__eq(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("==")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__match(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("=~")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__ge(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(">=")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__rshift(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(">>")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__aref(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("[]")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__oror(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("||")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__cmp(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("<=>")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__eqq(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("===")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__aset(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("[]=")
+
+#endif  /* MRUBY_PRESYM_SCANNING_H */

include/mruby/proc.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/proc.h - Proc class
+/**
+** @file mruby/proc.h - Proc class
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -22,24 +22,29 @@ struct REnv {
   mrb_sym mid;
 };
 
-/* flags (21bits): 1(shared flag):10(cioff/bidx):10(stack_len) */
-#define MRB_ENV_SET_STACK_LEN(e,len) (e)->flags = (((e)->flags & ~0x3ff)|((unsigned int)(len) & 0x3ff))
-#define MRB_ENV_STACK_LEN(e) ((mrb_int)((e)->flags & 0x3ff))
-#define MRB_ENV_STACK_UNSHARED (1<<20)
-#define MRB_ENV_UNSHARE_STACK(e) (e)->flags |= MRB_ENV_STACK_UNSHARED
-#define MRB_ENV_STACK_SHARED_P(e) (((e)->flags & MRB_ENV_STACK_UNSHARED) == 0)
-#define MRB_ENV_BIDX(e) (((e)->flags >> 10) & 0x3ff)
-#define MRB_ENV_SET_BIDX(e,idx) (e)->flags = (((e)->flags & ~(0x3ff<<10))|((unsigned int)(idx) & 0x3ff)<<10)
+/* flags (21bits): 1(close):1(touched):1(heap):8(cioff/bidx):8(stack_len) */
+#define MRB_ENV_SET_LEN(e,len) ((e)->flags = (((e)->flags & ~0xff)|((unsigned int)(len) & 0xff)))
+#define MRB_ENV_LEN(e) ((mrb_int)((e)->flags & 0xff))
+#define MRB_ENV_CLOSED (1<<20)
+#define MRB_ENV_TOUCHED (1<<19)
+#define MRB_ENV_HEAPED (1<<18)
+#define MRB_ENV_CLOSE(e) ((e)->flags |= MRB_ENV_CLOSED)
+#define MRB_ENV_TOUCH(e) ((e)->flags |= MRB_ENV_TOUCHED)
+#define MRB_ENV_HEAP(e) ((e)->flags |= MRB_ENV_HEAPED)
+#define MRB_ENV_HEAP_P(e) ((e)->flags & MRB_ENV_HEAPED)
+#define MRB_ENV_ONSTACK_P(e) (((e)->flags & MRB_ENV_CLOSED) == 0)
+#define MRB_ENV_BIDX(e) (((e)->flags >> 8) & 0xff)
+#define MRB_ENV_SET_BIDX(e,idx) ((e)->flags = (((e)->flags & ~(0xff<<8))|((unsigned int)(idx) & 0xff)<<8))
 
 void mrb_env_unshare(mrb_state*, struct REnv*);
 
 struct RProc {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
   union {
-    mrb_irep *irep;
+    const mrb_irep *irep;
     mrb_func_t func;
   } body;
-  struct RProc *upper;
+  const struct RProc *upper;
   union {
     struct RClass *target_class;
     struct REnv *env;
@@ -52,7 +57,7 @@ struct RProc {
 #define MRB_ASPEC_REST(a)         (((a) >> 12) & 0x1)
 #define MRB_ASPEC_POST(a)         (((a) >> 7) & 0x1f)
 #define MRB_ASPEC_KEY(a)          (((a) >> 2) & 0x1f)
-#define MRB_ASPEC_KDICT(a)        ((a) & (1<<1))
+#define MRB_ASPEC_KDICT(a)        (((a) >> 1) & 0x1)
 #define MRB_ASPEC_BLOCK(a)        ((a) & 1)
 
 #define MRB_PROC_CFUNC_FL 128
@@ -69,11 +74,11 @@ struct RProc {
 #define MRB_PROC_SET_TARGET_CLASS(p,tc) do {\
   if (MRB_PROC_ENV_P(p)) {\
     (p)->e.env->c = (tc);\
-    mrb_field_write_barrier(mrb, (struct RBasic*)(p)->e.env, (struct RBasic*)tc);\
+    mrb_field_write_barrier(mrb, (struct RBasic*)(p)->e.env, (struct RBasic*)(tc));\
   }\
   else {\
     (p)->e.target_class = (tc);\
-    mrb_field_write_barrier(mrb, (struct RBasic*)p, (struct RBasic*)tc);\
+    mrb_field_write_barrier(mrb, (struct RBasic*)p, (struct RBasic*)(tc));\
   }\
 } while (0)
 #define MRB_PROC_SCOPE 2048
@@ -81,50 +86,123 @@ struct RProc {
 
 #define mrb_proc_ptr(v)    ((struct RProc*)(mrb_ptr(v)))
 
-struct RProc *mrb_proc_new(mrb_state*, mrb_irep*);
-struct RProc *mrb_closure_new(mrb_state*, mrb_irep*);
+struct RProc *mrb_proc_new(mrb_state*, const mrb_irep*);
+struct RProc *mrb_closure_new(mrb_state*, const mrb_irep*);
 MRB_API struct RProc *mrb_proc_new_cfunc(mrb_state*, mrb_func_t);
 MRB_API struct RProc *mrb_closure_new_cfunc(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t func, int nlocals);
 void mrb_proc_copy(struct RProc *a, struct RProc *b);
-
-/* implementation of #send method */
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_f_send(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
+mrb_int mrb_proc_arity(const struct RProc *p);
 
 /* following functions are defined in mruby-proc-ext so please include it when using */
-MRB_API struct RProc *mrb_proc_new_cfunc_with_env(mrb_state*, mrb_func_t, mrb_int, const mrb_value*);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_proc_cfunc_env_get(mrb_state*, mrb_int);
+MRB_API struct RProc *mrb_proc_new_cfunc_with_env(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t func, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_proc_cfunc_env_get(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int idx);
 /* old name */
 #define mrb_cfunc_env_get(mrb, idx) mrb_proc_cfunc_env_get(mrb, idx)
 
-#ifdef MRB_METHOD_TABLE_INLINE
+#define MRB_METHOD_FUNC_FL 1
+#define MRB_METHOD_NOARG_FL 2
+
+#ifndef MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
 
-#define MRB_METHOD_FUNC_FL ((uintptr_t)1)
 #define MRB_METHOD_FUNC_P(m) (((uintptr_t)(m))&MRB_METHOD_FUNC_FL)
-#define MRB_METHOD_FUNC(m) ((mrb_func_t)((uintptr_t)(m)&(~MRB_METHOD_FUNC_FL)))
-#define MRB_METHOD_FROM_FUNC(m,fn) m=(mrb_method_t)((struct RProc*)((uintptr_t)(fn)|MRB_METHOD_FUNC_FL))
-#define MRB_METHOD_FROM_PROC(m,pr) m=(mrb_method_t)(struct RProc*)(pr)
+#define MRB_METHOD_NOARG_P(m) ((((uintptr_t)(m))&MRB_METHOD_NOARG_FL)?1:0)
+#define MRB_METHOD_NOARG_SET(m) ((m)=(mrb_method_t)(((uintptr_t)(m))|MRB_METHOD_NOARG_FL))
+#define MRB_METHOD_FUNC(m) ((mrb_func_t)((uintptr_t)(m)>>2))
+#define MRB_METHOD_FROM_FUNC(m,fn) ((m)=(mrb_method_t)((((uintptr_t)(fn))<<2)|MRB_METHOD_FUNC_FL))
+#define MRB_METHOD_FROM_PROC(m,pr) ((m)=(mrb_method_t)(pr))
 #define MRB_METHOD_PROC_P(m) (!MRB_METHOD_FUNC_P(m))
 #define MRB_METHOD_PROC(m) ((struct RProc*)(m))
 #define MRB_METHOD_UNDEF_P(m) ((m)==0)
 
 #else
 
-#define MRB_METHOD_FUNC_P(m) ((m).func_p)
+#define MRB_METHOD_FUNC_P(m) ((m).flags&MRB_METHOD_FUNC_FL)
+#define MRB_METHOD_NOARG_P(m) (((m).flags&MRB_METHOD_NOARG_FL)?1:0)
 #define MRB_METHOD_FUNC(m) ((m).func)
-#define MRB_METHOD_FROM_FUNC(m,fn) do{(m).func_p=TRUE;(m).func=(fn);}while(0)
-#define MRB_METHOD_FROM_PROC(m,pr) do{(m).func_p=FALSE;(m).proc=(pr);}while(0)
+#define MRB_METHOD_NOARG_SET(m) do{(m).flags|=MRB_METHOD_NOARG_FL;}while(0)
+#define MRB_METHOD_FROM_FUNC(m,fn) do{(m).flags=MRB_METHOD_FUNC_FL;(m).func=(fn);}while(0)
+#define MRB_METHOD_FROM_PROC(m,pr) do{(m).flags=0;(m).proc=(pr);}while(0)
 #define MRB_METHOD_PROC_P(m) (!MRB_METHOD_FUNC_P(m))
 #define MRB_METHOD_PROC(m) ((m).proc)
 #define MRB_METHOD_UNDEF_P(m) ((m).proc==NULL)
 
-#endif /* MRB_METHOD_TABLE_INLINE */
+#endif /* MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT */
 
 #define MRB_METHOD_CFUNC_P(m) (MRB_METHOD_FUNC_P(m)?TRUE:(MRB_METHOD_PROC(m)?(MRB_PROC_CFUNC_P(MRB_METHOD_PROC(m))):FALSE))
 #define MRB_METHOD_CFUNC(m) (MRB_METHOD_FUNC_P(m)?MRB_METHOD_FUNC(m):((MRB_METHOD_PROC(m)&&MRB_PROC_CFUNC_P(MRB_METHOD_PROC(m)))?MRB_PROC_CFUNC(MRB_METHOD_PROC(m)):NULL))
 
 
 #include <mruby/khash.h>
-KHASH_DECLARE(mt, mrb_sym, mrb_method_t, TRUE)
+
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_proc(mrb_state *mrb, const struct RProc *proc);
+
+static inline void
+mrb_vm_ci_proc_set(mrb_callinfo *ci, const struct RProc *p)
+{
+  ci->proc = p;
+  ci->pc = (p && !MRB_PROC_CFUNC_P(p)) ? p->body.irep->iseq : NULL;
+}
+
+static inline struct RClass *
+mrb_vm_ci_target_class(const mrb_callinfo *ci)
+{
+  if (ci->u.env && ci->u.env->tt == MRB_TT_ENV) {
+    return ci->u.env->c;
+  }
+  else {
+    return ci->u.target_class;
+  }
+}
+
+static inline void
+mrb_vm_ci_target_class_set(mrb_callinfo *ci, struct RClass *tc)
+{
+  struct REnv *e = ci->u.env;
+  if (e) {
+    if (e->tt == MRB_TT_ENV) {
+      e->c = tc;
+    }
+    else {
+      ci->u.target_class = tc;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static inline struct REnv *
+mrb_vm_ci_env(const mrb_callinfo *ci)
+{
+  if (ci->u.env && ci->u.env->tt == MRB_TT_ENV) {
+    return ci->u.env;
+  }
+  else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+static inline void
+mrb_vm_ci_env_set(mrb_callinfo *ci, struct REnv *e)
+{
+  if (ci->u.env) {
+    if (ci->u.env->tt == MRB_TT_ENV) {
+      if (e) {
+        e->c = ci->u.env->c;
+        ci->u.env = e;
+      }
+      else {
+        ci->u.target_class = ci->u.env->c;
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      if (e) {
+        e->c = ci->u.target_class;
+        ci->u.env = e;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    ci->u.env = e;
+  }
+}
 
 MRB_END_DECL
 

include/mruby/range.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/range.h - Range class
+/**
+** @file mruby/range.h - Range class
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -14,20 +14,43 @@
  */
 MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
+#if defined(MRB_NAN_BOXING) && defined(MRB_64BIT) || defined(MRB_WORD_BOXING)
+# define MRB_RANGE_EMBED
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MRB_RANGE_EMBED
+struct RRange {
+  MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
+  mrb_value beg;
+  mrb_value end;
+  mrb_bool excl;
+};
+# define mrb_gc_free_range(mrb, p) ((void)0)
+# define RANGE_BEG(p) ((p)->beg)
+# define RANGE_END(p) ((p)->end)
+#else
 typedef struct mrb_range_edges {
   mrb_value beg;
   mrb_value end;
 } mrb_range_edges;
-
 struct RRange {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
   mrb_range_edges *edges;
-  mrb_bool excl : 1;
+  mrb_bool excl;
 };
+# define mrb_gc_free_range(mrb, p) mrb_free(mrb, (p)->edges)
+# define RANGE_BEG(p) ((p)->edges->beg)
+# define RANGE_END(p) ((p)->edges->end)
+#endif
 
-MRB_API struct RRange* mrb_range_ptr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value v);
-#define mrb_range_raw_ptr(v) ((struct RRange*)mrb_ptr(v))
-#define mrb_range_value(p)  mrb_obj_value((void*)(p))
+#define mrb_range_beg(mrb, r) RANGE_BEG(mrb_range_ptr(mrb, r))
+#define mrb_range_end(mrb, r) RANGE_END(mrb_range_ptr(mrb, r))
+#define mrb_range_excl_p(mrb, r) RANGE_EXCL(mrb_range_ptr(mrb, r))
+#define mrb_range_raw_ptr(r) ((struct RRange*)mrb_ptr(r))
+#define mrb_range_value(p) mrb_obj_value((void*)(p))
+#define RANGE_EXCL(p) ((p)->excl)
+
+MRB_API struct RRange* mrb_range_ptr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value range);
 
 /*
  * Initializes a Range.
@@ -41,8 +64,15 @@ MRB_API struct RRange* mrb_range_ptr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value v);
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_range_new(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value start, mrb_value end, mrb_bool exclude);
 
-MRB_API mrb_int mrb_range_beg_len(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value range, mrb_int *begp, mrb_int *lenp, mrb_int len, mrb_bool trunc);
+enum mrb_range_beg_len {
+  MRB_RANGE_TYPE_MISMATCH = 0,  /* (failure) not range */
+  MRB_RANGE_OK = 1,             /* (success) range */
+  MRB_RANGE_OUT = 2             /* (failure) out of range */
+};
+
+MRB_API enum mrb_range_beg_len mrb_range_beg_len(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value range, mrb_int *begp, mrb_int *lenp, mrb_int len, mrb_bool trunc);
 mrb_value mrb_get_values_at(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj, mrb_int olen, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv, mrb_value (*func)(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_int));
+void mrb_gc_mark_range(mrb_state *mrb, struct RRange *r);
 
 MRB_END_DECL
 

include/mruby/re.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/re.h - Regexp class
+/**
+** @file mruby/re.h - Regexp class
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */

include/mruby/string.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/string.h - String class
+/**
+** @file mruby/string.h - String class
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -16,43 +16,53 @@ MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
 extern const char mrb_digitmap[];
 
-#define RSTRING_EMBED_LEN_MAX ((mrb_int)(sizeof(void*) * 3 - 1))
+#define RSTRING_EMBED_LEN_MAX \
+  ((mrb_int)(sizeof(void*) * 3 + sizeof(void*) - 32 / CHAR_BIT - 1))
 
 struct RString {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
   union {
     struct {
-      mrb_int len;
+      mrb_ssize len;
       union {
-        mrb_int capa;
+        mrb_ssize capa;
         struct mrb_shared_string *shared;
         struct RString *fshared;
       } aux;
       char *ptr;
     } heap;
-    char ary[RSTRING_EMBED_LEN_MAX + 1];
   } as;
 };
+struct RStringEmbed {
+  MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
+  char ary[RSTRING_EMBED_LEN_MAX+1];
+};
+
+#define RSTR_SET_TYPE_FLAG(s, type) (RSTR_UNSET_TYPE_FLAG(s), (s)->flags |= MRB_STR_##type)
+#define RSTR_UNSET_TYPE_FLAG(s) ((s)->flags &= ~(MRB_STR_TYPE_MASK|MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_MASK))
 
 #define RSTR_EMBED_P(s) ((s)->flags & MRB_STR_EMBED)
 #define RSTR_SET_EMBED_FLAG(s) ((s)->flags |= MRB_STR_EMBED)
 #define RSTR_UNSET_EMBED_FLAG(s) ((s)->flags &= ~(MRB_STR_EMBED|MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_MASK))
 #define RSTR_SET_EMBED_LEN(s, n) do {\
   size_t tmp_n = (n);\
-  s->flags &= ~MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_MASK;\
-  s->flags |= (tmp_n) << MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT;\
+  (s)->flags &= ~MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_MASK;\
+  (s)->flags |= (tmp_n) << MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT;\
 } while (0)
 #define RSTR_SET_LEN(s, n) do {\
   if (RSTR_EMBED_P(s)) {\
     RSTR_SET_EMBED_LEN((s),(n));\
   }\
   else {\
-    s->as.heap.len = (mrb_int)(n);\
+    (s)->as.heap.len = (mrb_ssize)(n);\
   }\
 } while (0)
+#define RSTR_EMBED_PTR(s) (((struct RStringEmbed*)(s))->ary)
 #define RSTR_EMBED_LEN(s)\
   (mrb_int)(((s)->flags & MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_MASK) >> MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT)
-#define RSTR_PTR(s) ((RSTR_EMBED_P(s)) ? (s)->as.ary : (s)->as.heap.ptr)
+#define RSTR_EMBEDDABLE_P(len) ((len) <= RSTRING_EMBED_LEN_MAX)
+
+#define RSTR_PTR(s) ((RSTR_EMBED_P(s)) ? RSTR_EMBED_PTR(s) : (s)->as.heap.ptr)
 #define RSTR_LEN(s) ((RSTR_EMBED_P(s)) ? RSTR_EMBED_LEN(s) : (s)->as.heap.len)
 #define RSTR_CAPA(s) (RSTR_EMBED_P(s) ? RSTRING_EMBED_LEN_MAX : (s)->as.heap.aux.capa)
 
@@ -68,10 +78,21 @@ struct RString {
 #define RSTR_SET_NOFREE_FLAG(s) ((s)->flags |= MRB_STR_NOFREE)
 #define RSTR_UNSET_NOFREE_FLAG(s) ((s)->flags &= ~MRB_STR_NOFREE)
 
-#define RSTR_POOL_P(s) ((s)->flags & MRB_STR_POOL)
-#define RSTR_SET_POOL_FLAG(s) ((s)->flags |= MRB_STR_POOL)
+#ifdef MRB_UTF8_STRING
+# define RSTR_ASCII_P(s) ((s)->flags & MRB_STR_ASCII)
+# define RSTR_SET_ASCII_FLAG(s) ((s)->flags |= MRB_STR_ASCII)
+# define RSTR_UNSET_ASCII_FLAG(s) ((s)->flags &= ~MRB_STR_ASCII)
+# define RSTR_WRITE_ASCII_FLAG(s, v) (RSTR_UNSET_ASCII_FLAG(s), (s)->flags |= v)
+# define RSTR_COPY_ASCII_FLAG(dst, src) RSTR_WRITE_ASCII_FLAG(dst, RSTR_ASCII_P(src))
+#else
+# define RSTR_ASCII_P(s) (void)0
+# define RSTR_SET_ASCII_FLAG(s) (void)0
+# define RSTR_UNSET_ASCII_FLAG(s) (void)0
+# define RSTR_WRITE_ASCII_FLAG(s, v) (void)0
+# define RSTR_COPY_ASCII_FLAG(dst, src) (void)0
+#endif
 
-/*
+/**
  * Returns a pointer from a Ruby string
  */
 #define mrb_str_ptr(s)       ((struct RString*)(mrb_ptr(s)))
@@ -82,32 +103,36 @@ struct RString {
 #define RSTRING_CAPA(s)      RSTR_CAPA(RSTRING(s))
 #define RSTRING_END(s)       (RSTRING_PTR(s) + RSTRING_LEN(s))
 MRB_API mrb_int mrb_str_strlen(mrb_state*, struct RString*);
+#define RSTRING_CSTR(mrb,s)  mrb_string_cstr(mrb, s)
 
 #define MRB_STR_SHARED    1
 #define MRB_STR_FSHARED   2
 #define MRB_STR_NOFREE    4
-#define MRB_STR_POOL      8
-#define MRB_STR_NO_UTF   16
-#define MRB_STR_EMBED    32
-#define MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_MASK 0x7c0
+#define MRB_STR_EMBED     8  /* type flags up to here */
+#define MRB_STR_ASCII    16
 #define MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT 6
+#define MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_BIT 5
+#define MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_MASK (((1 << MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_BIT) - 1) << MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT)
+#define MRB_STR_TYPE_MASK 15
 
 void mrb_gc_free_str(mrb_state*, struct RString*);
-MRB_API void mrb_str_modify(mrb_state*, struct RString*);
 
-/*
+MRB_API void mrb_str_modify(mrb_state *mrb, struct RString *s);
+/* mrb_str_modify() with keeping ASCII flag if set */
+MRB_API void mrb_str_modify_keep_ascii(mrb_state *mrb, struct RString *s);
+
+/**
  * Finds the index of a substring in a string
  */
-MRB_API mrb_int mrb_str_index(mrb_state*, mrb_value, const char*, mrb_int, mrb_int);
+MRB_API mrb_int mrb_str_index(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str, const char *p, mrb_int len, mrb_int offset);
 #define mrb_str_index_lit(mrb, str, lit, off) mrb_str_index(mrb, str, lit, mrb_strlen_lit(lit), off);
 
-/*
- * Appends self to other. Returns self as a concatnated string.
+/**
+ * Appends self to other. Returns self as a concatenated string.
  *
  *
- *  Example:
+ * Example:
  *
- *     !!!c
  *     int
  *     main(int argc,
  *          char **argv)
@@ -126,35 +151,33 @@ MRB_API mrb_int mrb_str_index(mrb_state*, mrb_value, const char*, mrb_int, mrb_i
  *       str1 = mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, "abc");
  *       str2 = mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, "def");
  *
- *       // Concatnates str2 to str1.
+ *       // Concatenates str2 to str1.
  *       mrb_str_concat(mrb, str1, str2);
  *
- *      // Prints new Concatnated Ruby string.
- *      mrb_p(mrb, str1);
+ *       // Prints new Concatenated Ruby string.
+ *       mrb_p(mrb, str1);
  *
- *      mrb_close(mrb);
- *      return 0;
- *    }
+ *       mrb_close(mrb);
+ *       return 0;
+ *     }
  *
- *
- *  Result:
+ * Result:
  *
  *     => "abcdef"
  *
- * @param [mrb_state] mrb The current mruby state.
- * @param [mrb_value] self String to concatenate.
- * @param [mrb_value] other String to append to self.
+ * @param mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param self String to concatenate.
+ * @param other String to append to self.
  * @return [mrb_value] Returns a new String appending other to self.
  */
-MRB_API void mrb_str_concat(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_value);
+MRB_API void mrb_str_concat(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self, mrb_value other);
 
-/*
+/**
  * Adds two strings together.
  *
  *
- *  Example:
+ * Example:
  *
- *     !!!c
  *     int
  *     main(int argc,
  *          char **argv)
@@ -178,55 +201,54 @@ MRB_API void mrb_str_concat(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_value);
  *       mrb_p(mrb, a);
  *       mrb_p(mrb, b);
  *
- *       // Concatnates both Ruby strings.
+ *       // Concatenates both Ruby strings.
  *       c = mrb_str_plus(mrb, a, b);
  *
- *      // Prints new Concatnated Ruby string.
- *      mrb_p(mrb, c);
+ *       // Prints new Concatenated Ruby string.
+ *       mrb_p(mrb, c);
  *
- *      mrb_close(mrb);
- *      return 0;
- *    }
+ *       mrb_close(mrb);
+ *       return 0;
+ *     }
  *
  *
- *  Result:
+ * Result:
  *
  *     => "abc"  # First string
  *     => "def"  # Second string
- *     => "abcdef" # First & Second concatnated.
+ *     => "abcdef" # First & Second concatenated.
  *
- * @param [mrb_state] mrb The current mruby state.
- * @param [mrb_value] a First string to concatenate.
- * @param [mrb_value] b Second string to concatenate.
+ * @param mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param a First string to concatenate.
+ * @param b Second string to concatenate.
  * @return [mrb_value] Returns a new String containing a concatenated to b.
  */
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_plus(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_value);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_plus(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value a, mrb_value b);
 
-/*
+/**
  * Converts pointer into a Ruby string.
  *
- * @param [mrb_state] mrb The current mruby state.
- * @param [void*] p The pointer to convert to Ruby string.
+ * @param mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param p The pointer to convert to Ruby string.
  * @return [mrb_value] Returns a new Ruby String.
  */
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ptr_to_str(mrb_state *, void*);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ptr_to_str(mrb_state *mrb, void *p);
 
-/*
+/**
  * Returns an object as a Ruby string.
  *
- * @param [mrb_state] mrb The current mruby state.
- * @param [mrb_value] obj An object to return as a Ruby string.
+ * @param mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param obj An object to return as a Ruby string.
  * @return [mrb_value] An object as a Ruby string.
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_obj_as_string(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj);
 
-/*
+/**
  * Resizes the string's length. Returns the amount of characters
  * in the specified by len.
  *
  * Example:
  *
- *     !!!c
  *     int
  *     main(int argc,
  *          char **argv)
@@ -251,21 +273,20 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_obj_as_string(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj);
  *
  * Result:
  *
- *     => "Hello"
+ *      => "Hello"
  *
- * @param [mrb_state] mrb The current mruby state.
- * @param [mrb_value] str The Ruby string to resize.
- * @param [mrb_value] len The length.
+ * @param mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param str The Ruby string to resize.
+ * @param len The length.
  * @return [mrb_value] An object as a Ruby string.
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_resize(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str, mrb_int len);
 
-/*
+/**
  * Returns a sub string.
  *
- *  Example:
+ * Example:
  *
- *     !!!c
  *     int
  *     main(int argc,
  *     char const **argv)
@@ -291,99 +312,103 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_resize(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str, mrb_int len);
  *       return 0;
  *     }
  *
- *  Result:
+ * Result:
  *
  *     => "He"
  *
- * @param [mrb_state] mrb The current mruby state.
- * @param [mrb_value] str Ruby string.
- * @param [mrb_int] beg The beginning point of the sub-string.
- * @param [mrb_int] len The end point of the sub-string.
+ * @param mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param str Ruby string.
+ * @param beg The beginning point of the sub-string.
+ * @param len The end point of the sub-string.
  * @return [mrb_value] An object as a Ruby sub-string.
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_substr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str, mrb_int beg, mrb_int len);
 
-/*
+/**
  * Returns a Ruby string type.
  *
  *
- * @param [mrb_state] mrb The current mruby state.
- * @param [mrb_value] str Ruby string.
+ * @param mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param str Ruby string.
  * @return [mrb_value] A Ruby string.
  */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ensure_string_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_string_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
+/* obsolete: use mrb_ensure_string_type() instead */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_string_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
 
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_string_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_new_capa(mrb_state *mrb, size_t capa);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_buf_new(mrb_state *mrb, size_t capa);
 
-MRB_API const char *mrb_string_value_cstr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value *ptr);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_new_capa(mrb_state *mrb, size_t capa);
+#define mrb_str_buf_new(mrb, capa) mrb_str_new_capa(mrb, (capa))
+
+/* NULL terminated C string from mrb_value */
+MRB_API const char *mrb_string_cstr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
+/* NULL terminated C string from mrb_value; `str` will be updated */
+MRB_API const char *mrb_string_value_cstr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value *str);
+/* obsolete: use RSTRING_PTR() */
 MRB_API const char *mrb_string_value_ptr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
-/*
- * Returns the length of the Ruby string.
- *
- *
- * @param [mrb_state] mrb The current mruby state.
- * @param [mrb_value] str Ruby string.
- * @return [mrb_int] The length of the passed in Ruby string.
- */
+/* obsolete: use RSTRING_LEN() */
 MRB_API mrb_int mrb_string_value_len(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
 
-/*
+/**
  * Duplicates a string object.
  *
  *
- * @param [mrb_state] mrb The current mruby state.
- * @param [mrb_value] str Ruby string.
+ * @param mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param str Ruby string.
  * @return [mrb_value] Duplicated Ruby string.
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_dup(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
 
-/*
+/**
  * Returns a symbol from a passed in Ruby string.
  *
- * @param [mrb_state] mrb The current mruby state.
- * @param [mrb_value] self Ruby string.
+ * @param mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param self Ruby string.
  * @return [mrb_value] A symbol.
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_intern(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
 
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_to_inum(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str, mrb_int base, mrb_bool badcheck);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_cstr_to_inum(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s, mrb_int base, mrb_bool badcheck);
 MRB_API double mrb_str_to_dbl(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str, mrb_bool badcheck);
+MRB_API double mrb_cstr_to_dbl(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s, mrb_bool badcheck);
 
-/*
+/**
  * Returns a converted string type.
+ * For type checking, non converting `mrb_to_str` is recommended.
+ * obsolete: use `mrb_obj_as_string()` instead.
  */
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_to_str(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
+#define mrb_str_to_str(mrb, str) mrb_obj_as_string(mrb, str)
 
-/*
+/**
  * Returns true if the strings match and false if the strings don't match.
  *
- * @param [mrb_state] mrb The current mruby state.
- * @param [mrb_value] str1 Ruby string to compare.
- * @param [mrb_value] str2 Ruby string to compare.
+ * @param mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param str1 Ruby string to compare.
+ * @param str2 Ruby string to compare.
  * @return [mrb_value] boolean value.
  */
 MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_str_equal(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str1, mrb_value str2);
 
-/*
- * Returns a concated string comprised of a Ruby string and a C string.
+/**
+ * Returns a concatenated string comprised of a Ruby string and a C string.
  *
- * @param [mrb_state] mrb The current mruby state.
- * @param [mrb_value] str Ruby string.
- * @param [const char *] ptr A C string.
- * @param [size_t] len length of C string.
+ * @param mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param str Ruby string.
+ * @param ptr A C string.
+ * @param len length of C string.
  * @return [mrb_value] A Ruby string.
  * @see mrb_str_cat_cstr
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_cat(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str, const char *ptr, size_t len);
 
-/*
- * Returns a concated string comprised of a Ruby string and a C string.
+/**
+ * Returns a concatenated string comprised of a Ruby string and a C string.
  *
- * @param [mrb_state] mrb The current mruby state.
- * @param [mrb_value] str Ruby string.
- * @param [const char *] ptr A C string.
+ * @param mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param str Ruby string.
+ * @param ptr A C string.
  * @return [mrb_value] A Ruby string.
  * @see mrb_str_cat
  */
@@ -391,50 +416,54 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_cat_cstr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str, const char *pt
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_cat_str(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str, mrb_value str2);
 #define mrb_str_cat_lit(mrb, str, lit) mrb_str_cat(mrb, str, lit, mrb_strlen_lit(lit))
 
-/*
+/**
  * Adds str2 to the end of str1.
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_append(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str, mrb_value str2);
 
-/*
+/**
  * Returns 0 if both Ruby strings are equal. Returns a value < 0 if Ruby str1 is less than Ruby str2. Returns a value > 0 if Ruby str2 is greater than Ruby str1.
  */
 MRB_API int mrb_str_cmp(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str1, mrb_value str2);
 
-/*
+/**
  * Returns a newly allocated C string from a Ruby string.
  * This is an utility function to pass a Ruby string to C library functions.
  *
  * - Returned string does not contain any NUL characters (but terminator).
  * - It raises an ArgumentError exception if Ruby string contains
  *   NUL characters.
- * - Retured string will be freed automatically on next GC.
+ * - Returned string will be freed automatically on next GC.
  * - Caller can modify returned string without affecting Ruby string
  *   (e.g. it can be used for mkstemp(3)).
  *
- * @param [mrb_state *] mrb The current mruby state.
- * @param [mrb_value] str Ruby string. Must be an instance of String.
+ * @param mrb The current mruby state.
+ * @param str Ruby string. Must be an instance of String.
  * @return [char *] A newly allocated C string.
  */
 MRB_API char *mrb_str_to_cstr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
 
-mrb_value mrb_str_pool(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
 uint32_t mrb_str_hash(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
 mrb_value mrb_str_dump(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
 
-/*
+/**
  * Returns a printable version of str, surrounded by quote marks, with special characters escaped.
  */
 mrb_value mrb_str_inspect(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
 
-void mrb_noregexp(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
-void mrb_regexp_check(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj);
-
 /* For backward compatibility */
 #define mrb_str_cat2(mrb, str, ptr) mrb_str_cat_cstr(mrb, str, ptr)
 #define mrb_str_buf_cat(mrb, str, ptr, len) mrb_str_cat(mrb, str, ptr, len)
 #define mrb_str_buf_append(mrb, str, str2) mrb_str_cat_str(mrb, str, str2)
 
+mrb_bool mrb_str_beg_len(mrb_int str_len, mrb_int *begp, mrb_int *lenp);
+mrb_value mrb_str_byte_subseq(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str, mrb_int beg, mrb_int len);
+
+#ifdef MRB_UTF8_STRING
+mrb_int mrb_utf8len(const char *str, const char *end);
+mrb_int mrb_utf8_strlen(const char *str, mrb_int byte_len);
+#endif
+
 MRB_END_DECL
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_STRING_H */

include/mruby/throw.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/throw.h - mruby exception throwing handler
+/**
+** @file mruby/throw.h - mruby exception throwing handler
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -7,21 +7,27 @@
 #ifndef MRB_THROW_H
 #define MRB_THROW_H
 
-#if defined(MRB_ENABLE_CXX_ABI)
+#if defined(MRB_USE_CXX_ABI)
 # if !defined(__cplusplus)
 #  error Trying to use C++ exception handling in C code
 # endif
 #endif
 
-#if defined(MRB_ENABLE_CXX_EXCEPTION) && defined(__cplusplus)
+#if defined(MRB_USE_CXX_EXCEPTION)
 
-#define MRB_TRY(buf) do { try {
+# if defined(__cplusplus)
+
+#define MRB_TRY(buf) try {
 #define MRB_CATCH(buf) } catch(mrb_jmpbuf_impl e) { if (e != (buf)->impl) { throw e; }
-#define MRB_END_EXC(buf)  } } while(0)
+#define MRB_END_EXC(buf)  }
 
 #define MRB_THROW(buf) throw((buf)->impl)
 typedef mrb_int mrb_jmpbuf_impl;
 
+# else
+# error "need to be compiled with C++ compiler"
+# endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
 #else
 
 #include <setjmp.h>
@@ -29,14 +35,17 @@ typedef mrb_int mrb_jmpbuf_impl;
 #if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)
 #define MRB_SETJMP _setjmp
 #define MRB_LONGJMP _longjmp
+#elif defined(__MINGW64__) && defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 4
+#define MRB_SETJMP __builtin_setjmp
+#define MRB_LONGJMP __builtin_longjmp
 #else
 #define MRB_SETJMP setjmp
 #define MRB_LONGJMP longjmp
 #endif
 
-#define MRB_TRY(buf) do { if (MRB_SETJMP((buf)->impl) == 0) {
+#define MRB_TRY(buf) if (MRB_SETJMP((buf)->impl) == 0) {
 #define MRB_CATCH(buf) } else {
-#define MRB_END_EXC(buf) } } while(0)
+#define MRB_END_EXC(buf) }
 
 #define MRB_THROW(buf) MRB_LONGJMP((buf)->impl, 1);
 #define mrb_jmpbuf_impl jmp_buf
@@ -46,9 +55,11 @@ typedef mrb_int mrb_jmpbuf_impl;
 struct mrb_jmpbuf {
   mrb_jmpbuf_impl impl;
 
-#if defined(MRB_ENABLE_CXX_EXCEPTION) && defined(__cplusplus)
+#if defined(MRB_USE_CXX_EXCEPTION)
   static mrb_int jmpbuf_id;
+# if defined(__cplusplus)
   mrb_jmpbuf() : impl(jmpbuf_id++) {}
+# endif
 #endif
 };