Update version to 3.0.0RC.

We don't want to increase number of files that should be compiled by C++
compiler when `enable_cxx_exception` is turned on.

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+name: Build & Test
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  Check-Skip:
+    if: |
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]') &&
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip ci]') &&
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip gha]')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - run: echo not skip
+
+  Ubuntu-1604:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: ubuntu-16.04
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: gcc
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  Ubuntu-1804-gcc:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: ubuntu-18.04
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: gcc
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  Ubuntu-1804-clang:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: ubuntu-18.04
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: clang
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  macOS:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: clang
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  Windows-MinGW:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: gcc
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  Windows-Cygwin:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    env:
+      ACTIONS_ALLOW_UNSECURE_COMMANDS: true
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: gcc
+      installer-path: '%TMP%\cygwin-setup.exe'
+      cygwin-root: C:\cygwin
+      package-dir: C:\cygwin-package
+      cache-version: v1
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.package-dir }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-cygwin-${{ env.cache-version }}
+      - name: Download Cygwin installer
+        shell: cmd
+        run: >
+          bitsadmin /transfer download /priority foreground
+          https://cygwin.com/setup-x86_64.exe ${{ env.installer-path }}
+      - name: Install Cygwin
+        shell: cmd
+        run: >
+          ${{ env.installer-path }}
+          --quiet-mode --no-shortcuts --no-startmenu --no-desktop --no-admin
+          --only-site --site http://mirrors.kernel.org/sourceware/cygwin/
+          --root ${{ env.cygwin-root }}
+          --local-package-dir ${{ env.package-dir }}
+          --packages gcc-core,gcc-g++,ruby
+      - name: Set PATH for Cygwin
+        run: |
+          echo '::set-env name=PATH::${{ env.cygwin-root }}\bin;${{ env.cygwin-root }}\usr\bin'
+      - name: Ruby version
+        shell: cmd
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        shell: cmd
+        run: ruby /usr/bin/rake -m test:build && ruby /usr/bin/rake test:run
+      - name: Set PATH for cache archiving (tar)
+        # set Windows path so that Cygwin tar is not used for cache archiving
+        run: echo '::set-env name=PATH::C:\windows\System32'
+
+  Windows-VC:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/msvc
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Build and test
+        shell: cmd
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
+          rake -m test:build && rake test:run

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+name: "Code scanning - action"
+
+on:
+  push:
+  pull_request:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 19 * * 4'
+
+jobs:
+  CodeQL-Build:
+    if: |
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]') &&
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip ci]') &&
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip gha]')
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
+          # a pull request then we can checkout the head.
+          fetch-depth: 2
+
+      # If this run was triggered by a pull request event, then checkout
+      # the head of the pull request instead of the merge commit.
+      - run: git checkout HEAD^2
+        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+
+      # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
+      - name: Initialize CodeQL
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
+        # Override language selection by uncommenting this and choosing your languages
+        # with:
+        #   languages: go, javascript, csharp, python, cpp, java
+
+      # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
+      # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
+      - name: Autobuild
+        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v1
+
+      # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
+      # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
+
+      # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines
+      #    and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project
+      #    uses a compiled language
+
+      # - run: |
+      #    make bootstrap
+      #    make release
+
+      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+name: ❄️ Lint
+
+on: [pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  yamllint:
+    name: 🍶 YAML
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: 🧹 YAML Lint
+        uses: ibiqlik/action-yamllint@v3
+  markdownlint:
+    name: 🍸 Markdown
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: 🚀 Use Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v2.1.4
+        with:
+          node-version: '12.x'
+      - run: npm install -g markdownlint-cli@0.25.0
+      - run: markdownlint '**/*.md'

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-name: CIFuzz
-on: [pull_request]
-jobs:
-  Fuzzing:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - name: Build Fuzzers
-      uses: google/oss-fuzz/infra/cifuzz/actions/build_fuzzers@master
-      with:
-        oss-fuzz-project-name: 'mruby'
-        dry-run: false
-    - name: Run Fuzzers
-      uses: google/oss-fuzz/infra/cifuzz/actions/run_fuzzers@master
-      with:
-        oss-fuzz-project-name: 'mruby'
-        fuzz-seconds: 600
-        dry-run: false
-    - name: Upload Crash
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
-      if: failure()
-      with:
-        name: artifacts
-        path: ./out/artifacts
-

.github/workflows/oss-fuzz.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+name: CIFuzz
+on: [pull_request]
+jobs:
+  Fuzzing:
+    if: |
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]') &&
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip ci]') &&
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip gha]')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Build Fuzzers
+        uses: google/oss-fuzz/infra/cifuzz/actions/build_fuzzers@master
+        with:
+          oss-fuzz-project-name: 'mruby'
+          dry-run: false
+      - name: Run Fuzzers
+        uses: google/oss-fuzz/infra/cifuzz/actions/run_fuzzers@master
+        with:
+          oss-fuzz-project-name: 'mruby'
+          fuzz-seconds: 600
+          dry-run: false
+      - name: Upload Crash
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
+        if: failure()
+        with:
+          name: artifacts
+          path: ./out/artifacts

.github/workflows/spell-checker.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+name: 💎 Spellchecker
+
+on: [pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  misspell:
+    name: 🧹 Check Spelling
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: 🍒 Check Out
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: 🍅 Install
+        run: |
+          wget -O - -q https://git.io/misspell | sh -s -- -b .
+      - name: 🌶️ Misspell
+        run: |
+          git ls-files --empty-directory | xargs ./misspell -error

.gitignore

@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
 .svn
 .vscode
 .yardoc
+.ccls*
+compile_flags.txt
+compile_commands.json
 cscope.files
 cscope.out
 tags

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 ---
 stages:
-- pretest
-- test
+  - pretest
+  - test
 pretest:
   stage: pretest
   image: registry.gitlab.com/dabroz/mruby:gcc47_0.1
   tags:
-  - linux
+    - linux
   variables:
     CC: gcc-4.7
     CXX: g++-4.7

.markdownlint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+MD001: false
+MD003: false
+MD004: false
+MD005: false
+MD007: false
+MD010: false
+MD011: false
+MD013: false
+MD014: false
+MD024: false
+MD025: false
+MD026: false
+MD034: false
+MD040: false
+MD041: false
+MD046: false

.travis.yml

@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 language: c
 
-sudo: false
-
-matrix:
-  include:
-    - os: linux
-      sudo: false
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode7.1
+jobs:
+  - os: linux
+  - os: osx
 
 env:
-  - MRUBY_CONFIG=travis_config.rb
-script: "rake -m && rake test"
+  - MRUBY_CONFIG=ci/gcc-clang
+
+script:
+  - rake -m test:build && rake test:run

.yamllint

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+
+extends: default
+
+rules:
+  document-start: disable
+  line-length: disable
+  truthy: false

AUTHORS

@@ -43,3 +43,6 @@ of this list.
    YAMAMOTO Masaya
    KOBAYASHI Shuji
    RIZAL Reckordp
+   Rory O'Connell
+   John Bampton
+   Seeker

CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*   @matz

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # How to contribute
 
 mruby is an open-source project which is looking forward to each contribution.
+Contributors agree to license their contribution(s) under MIT license.
 
 ## Your Pull Request
 
@@ -33,11 +34,6 @@ mruby should be highly portable to other systems and compilers. For this it is
 recommended to keep your code as close as possible to the C99 standard
 (http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/WG14/www/docs/n1256.pdf).
 
-Although we target C99, we've heard some compilers in the embedded environment
-still requires declarations of local variables to be at the beginning of a
-scope. Until we confirm the situation has changed, we use the old-style
-variable declaration.
-
 Visual C++ is also an important target for mruby (supported version is 2013 or
 later). For this reason features that are not supported by Visual C++ may not
 be used (e.g. `%z` of `strftime()`).
@@ -50,19 +46,15 @@ The dependencies to libraries should be kept to an absolute minimum. This
 increases the portability but makes it also easier to cut away parts of mruby
 on-demand.
 
-#### Don't use C++ style comments
-
-    /* This is the preferred comment style */
-
-Use C++ style comments only for temporary comment e.g. commenting out some code lines.
-
-#### Insert a break after the method return value:
+#### Insert a break after the function return value:
 
+    ```C
     int
     main(void)
     {
       ...
     }
+    ```
 
 ### Ruby code
 
@@ -72,4 +64,5 @@ language itself. Please note the following hints for your Ruby code:
 #### Comply with the Ruby standard (ISO/IEC 30170:2012)
 
 mruby is currently targeting to execute Ruby code which complies to ISO/IEC
-30170:2012 (http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59579).
+30170:2012 (https://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59579),
+unless there's a clear reason, e.g. the latest Ruby has changed behavior from ISO.

Doxyfile

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 DOXYFILE_ENCODING      = UTF-8
 PROJECT_NAME           = "mruby"
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2.1.1
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2.1.2
 
 PROJECT_BRIEF          = "mruby is the lightweight implementation of the Ruby language"
 
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ INPUT                  = README.md \
 # Red for Ruby
 HTML_COLORSTYLE_HUE    = 359
 
-# The following expansions 
+# The following expansions
 ENABLE_PREPROCESSING   = YES
 MACRO_EXPANSION        = YES
 EXPAND_ONLY_PREDEF     = NO
-PREDEFINED             = 
-EXPAND_AS_DEFINED      = 
+PREDEFINED             =
+EXPAND_AS_DEFINED      =
 SKIP_FUNCTION_MACROS   = NO
 
 # This tells doxygen to search the places that make sense

LICENSE

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2020 mruby developers
+Copyright (c) 2010-2021 mruby developers
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),

Makefile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# mruby is using Rake (http://rake.rubyforge.org) as a build tool.
+# mruby is using Rake (https://ruby.github.io/rake/) as a build tool.
 
 RAKE = rake
 

README.md

@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan.
 
 ## How to get mruby
 
-The stable version 2.1.1 of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL: [https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/2.1.1.zip](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/2.1.1.zip)
+The releace candidate version 3.0.0 of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL: [https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/3.0.0-rc.zip](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/3.0.0-rc.zip)
+
+The stable version 2.1.2 of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL: [https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/2.1.2.zip](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/2.1.2.zip)
 
 The latest development version of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL: [https://github.com/mruby/mruby/zipball/master](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/zipball/master)
 
@@ -36,16 +38,10 @@ The URL of the mruby home-page is: https://mruby.org.
 
 We don't have a mailing list, but you can use [GitHub issues](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues).
 
-## How to compile and install (mruby and gems)
+## How to compile, test, and install (mruby and gems)
 
 See the [compile.md](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/doc/guides/compile.md) file.
 
-## Running Tests
-
-To run the tests, execute the following from the project's root directory.
-
-    $ rake test
-
 ## Building documentation
 
 There are two sets of documentation in mruby: the mruby API (generated by yard) and C API (Doxygen)
@@ -90,12 +86,12 @@ Please ask us if you want to distribute your code under another license.
 ## How to Contribute
 
 See the [contribution guidelines][contribution-guidelines], and then send a pull
-request to <http://github.com/mruby/mruby>.  We consider you have granted
+request to <https://github.com/mruby/mruby>.  We consider you have granted
 non-exclusive right to your contributed code under MIT license.  If you want to
 be named as one of mruby developers, please include an update to the AUTHORS
 file in your pull request.
 
-[ISO-standard]: http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59579
+[ISO-standard]: https://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59579
 [build-status-img]: https://travis-ci.org/mruby/mruby.svg?branch=master
 [contribution-guidelines]: https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md
 [travis-ci]: https://travis-ci.org/mruby/mruby

Rakefile

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ Rake.verbose(false) if Rake.verbose == Rake::DSL::DEFAULT
 $LOAD_PATH << File.join(MRUBY_ROOT, "lib")
 
 # load build systems
-require "mruby-core-ext"
+require "mruby/core_ext"
 require "mruby/build"
 
 # load configuration file
-MRUBY_CONFIG = (ENV['MRUBY_CONFIG'] && ENV['MRUBY_CONFIG'] != '') ? ENV['MRUBY_CONFIG'] : "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/build_config.rb"
+MRUBY_CONFIG = MRuby::Build.mruby_config_path
 load MRUBY_CONFIG
 
 # load basic rules
@@ -23,138 +23,48 @@ MRuby.each_target do |build|
 end
 
 # load custom rules
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/src/mruby_core.rake"
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/mrblib/mrblib.rake"
-
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/core.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/mrblib.rake"
 load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/mrbgems.rake"
 load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/libmruby.rake"
-
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/bin.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/presym.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/test.rake"
 load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/benchmark.rake"
-
 load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/gitlab.rake"
 load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/doc.rake"
 
-def install_D(src, dst)
-  rm_f dst
-  mkdir_p File.dirname(dst)
-  cp src, dst
-end
-
 ##############################
 # generic build targets, rules
 task :default => :all
 
-bin_path = ENV['INSTALL_DIR'] || "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/bin"
-
-depfiles = MRuby.targets['host'].bins.map do |bin|
-  install_path = MRuby.targets['host'].exefile("#{bin_path}/#{bin}")
-  source_path = MRuby.targets['host'].exefile("#{MRuby.targets['host'].build_dir}/bin/#{bin}")
-
-  file install_path => source_path do |t|
-    install_D t.prerequisites.first, t.name
-  end
-
-  install_path
-end
-
-MRuby.each_target do |target|
-  gems.map do |gem|
-    current_dir = gem.dir.relative_path_from(Dir.pwd)
-    relative_from_root = gem.dir.relative_path_from(MRUBY_ROOT)
-    current_build_dir = File.expand_path "#{build_dir}/#{relative_from_root}"
-
-    if current_build_dir !~ /^#{Regexp.escape(build_dir)}/
-      current_build_dir = "#{build_dir}/mrbgems/#{gem.name}"
-    end
-
-    gem.bins.each do |bin|
-      exec = exefile("#{build_dir}/bin/#{bin}")
-      objs = Dir.glob("#{current_dir}/tools/#{bin}/*.{c,cpp,cxx,cc}").map { |f| objfile(f.pathmap("#{current_build_dir}/tools/#{bin}/%n")) }
-
-      file exec => objs + target.libraries do |t|
-        gem_flags = gems.map { |g| g.linker.flags }
-        gem_flags_before_libraries = gems.map { |g| g.linker.flags_before_libraries }
-        gem_flags_after_libraries = gems.map { |g| g.linker.flags_after_libraries }
-        gem_libraries = gems.map { |g| g.linker.libraries }
-        gem_library_paths = gems.map { |g| g.linker.library_paths }
-        linker.run t.name, t.prerequisites, gem_libraries, gem_library_paths, gem_flags, gem_flags_before_libraries, gem_flags_after_libraries
-      end
-
-      if target == MRuby.targets['host']
-        install_path = MRuby.targets['host'].exefile("#{bin_path}/#{bin}")
-
-        file install_path => exec do |t|
-          install_D t.prerequisites.first, t.name
-        end
-        depfiles += [ install_path ]
-      elsif target == MRuby.targets['host-debug']
-        unless MRuby.targets['host'].gems.map {|g| g.bins}.include?([bin])
-          install_path = MRuby.targets['host-debug'].exefile("#{bin_path}/#{bin}")
-
-          file install_path => exec do |t|
-            install_D t.prerequisites.first, t.name
-          end
-          depfiles += [ install_path ]
-        end
-      else
-        depfiles += [ exec ]
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-depfiles += MRuby.targets.map { |n, t|
-  t.libraries
-}.flatten
-
-depfiles += MRuby.targets.reject { |n, t| n == 'host' }.map { |n, t|
-  t.bins.map { |bin| t.exefile("#{t.build_dir}/bin/#{bin}") }
-}.flatten
-
 desc "build all targets, install (locally) in-repo"
-task :all => depfiles do
+task :all => :gensym do
+  Rake::Task[:build].invoke
   puts
   puts "Build summary:"
   puts
-  MRuby.each_target do
-    print_build_summary
+  MRuby.each_target do |build|
+    build.print_build_summary
   end
   MRuby::Lockfile.write
 end
 
-desc "run all mruby tests"
-task :test
-MRuby.each_target do
-  if test_enabled?
-    t = :"test_#{self.name}"
-    task t => ["all"] do
-      run_test
-    end
-    task :test => t
-  end
-
-  if bintest_enabled?
-    t = :"bintest_#{self.name}"
-    task t => ["all"] do
-      run_bintest
-    end
-    task :test => t
-  end
-end
+task :build => MRuby.targets.flat_map{|_, build| build.products}
 
 desc "clean all built and in-repo installed artifacts"
 task :clean do
-  MRuby.each_target do |t|
-    rm_rf t.build_dir
+  MRuby.each_target do |build|
+    rm_rf build.build_dir
+    rm_f build.products
   end
-  rm_f depfiles
   puts "Cleaned up target build folder"
 end
 
 desc "clean everything!"
-task :deep_clean => ["clean", "clean_doc"] do
-  MRuby.each_target do |t|
-    rm_rf t.gem_clone_dir
+task :deep_clean => %w[clean doc:clean] do
+  MRuby.each_target do |build|
+    rm_rf build.gem_clone_dir
   end
   puts "Cleaned up mrbgems build folder"
 end

TODO

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-Things to do (Things that are not done yet)
-
-* special variables ($1,$2..)
-* super in aliased methods
-
-Things to improve (Done but things to fix)
-
-* Make additions as they are noticed.

TODO.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Thing to Do in the future
+===
+
+# After mruby 3.0
+
+* replace `fp_fmt.c` by `float_format` (https://github.com/dhylands/format-float.git)
+* multi-precision integer
+* WORD_BOXING: Pack some floats in `mrb_value`
+* NAN_BOXING: Allow `MRB_INT64` along with NaN boxing
+* keyword arguments a la Ruby3.0 (using `OP_SENDVK`)
+* parser and code generator independent from `mrb_state` (mmruby?)
+
+# Things to do (Things that are not done yet)
+
+* `begin ... end while cond` to behave as CRuby
+* special variables ($1,$2..)
+* super in aliased methods

appveyor.yml

@@ -1,50 +1,45 @@
 version: "{build}"
 
-os: Visual Studio 2017
-
 shallow_clone: true
 
-
-cache:
-  - win_flex_bison
-
-
 environment:
   matrix:
-    # Visual Studio 2017 64bit
-    - visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2019 64bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2019
 
-    # Visual Studio 2017 32bit
-    - visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2019 32bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars32.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2019
+
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2017 64bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2017
+
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2017 32bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars32.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2017
+
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2015 64bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2015
+      machine: x86_amd64
+
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2015 32bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2015
       machine: x86
 
-    # Visual Studio 2015 64bit
-    - visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat
-      machine: amd64
-
-    # Visual Studio 2015 32bit
-    - visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat
-      machine: x86
-
-    # Visual Studio 2013 64bit
-    - visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat
-      machine: amd64
-
-
 init:
   - call "%visualcpp%" %machine%
-  # For using Rubyinstaller's Ruby 2.4 64bit
-  - set PATH=C:\Ruby24-x64\bin;%PATH%
+  # For using Rubyins4aller's Ruby 2.6 64bit
+  # 2.6 is the highest supported Ruby version across all historical
+  # Visual Studio AppVeyor images. Ruby 2.7 is only on the 2019 image.
+  - set PATH=C:\Ruby26-x64\bin;%PATH%
   - ruby --version
 
 
-install:
-  - if not exist win_flex_bison (
-      appveyor DownloadFile "https://github.com/lexxmark/winflexbison/releases/download/v.2.5.10/win_flex_bison-2.5.10.zip" &
-      7z x -y -owin_flex_bison win_flex_bison-2.5.10.zip
-    )
-
 build_script:
-  - set YACC=.\win_flex_bison\win_bison.exe
-  - set MRUBY_CONFIG=appveyor_config.rb
-  - rake -E $stdout.sync=true test
+  - set MRUBY_CONFIG=ci/msvc
+  - rake -m test:build
+  - rake test:run

appveyor_config.rb

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-MRuby::Build.new('full-debug') do |conf|
-  toolchain :visualcpp
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include all core GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'full-core'
-  conf.cc.defines += %w(MRB_GC_STRESS MRB_METHOD_CACHE MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK)
-
-  conf.enable_test
-end
-
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-  toolchain :visualcpp
-
-  # include all core GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'full-core'
-  conf.compilers.each do |c|
-    c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA)
-  end
-  conf.enable_bintest
-  conf.enable_test
-end
-
-MRuby::Build.new('cxx_abi') do |conf|
-  toolchain :visualcpp
-
-  conf.gembox 'full-core'
-  conf.compilers.each do |c|
-    c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA)
-  end
-  conf.enable_bintest
-  conf.enable_test
-
-  enable_cxx_abi
-
-  build_mrbc_exec
-end

benchmark/bm_ao_render.rb

@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ class Scene
       w.times do |x|
         rad = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
 
-        # Subsmpling
+        # Subsampling
         nsubsamples.times do |v|
           nsubsamples.times do |u|
             cnt = cnt + 1

benchmark/build_config_boxing.rb

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
-end
-
-MRuby::Build.new('no_boxing') do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
-
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-end
-
-MRuby::Build.new('word_boxing') do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
-
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-  conf.compilers.each do |c|
-    c.defines += %w(MRB_WORD_BOXING)
-  end
-end
-
-MRuby::Build.new('nan_boxing') do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
-
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-  conf.compilers.each do |c|
-    c.defines += %w(MRB_NAN_BOXING)
-  end
-end
-

build_config.rb

@@ -1,152 +1,9 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-  # load specific toolchain settings
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
-  # enable_debug
-
-  # Use mrbgems
-  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example'
-  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_extension_example' do |g|
-  #   g.cc.flags << '-g' # append cflags in this gem
-  # end
-  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example'
-  # conf.gem :core => 'mruby-eval'
-  # conf.gem :mgem => 'mruby-onig-regexp'
-  # conf.gem :github => 'mattn/mruby-onig-regexp'
-  # conf.gem :git => 'git@github.com:mattn/mruby-onig-regexp.git', :branch => 'master', :options => '-v'
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-  # C compiler settings
-  # conf.cc do |cc|
-  #   cc.command = ENV['CC'] || 'gcc'
-  #   cc.flags = [ENV['CFLAGS'] || %w()]
-  #   cc.include_paths = ["#{root}/include"]
-  #   cc.defines = %w()
-  #   cc.option_include_path = %q[-I"%s"]
-  #   cc.option_define = '-D%s'
-  #   cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -MMD -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
-  # end
-
-  # mrbc settings
-  # conf.mrbc do |mrbc|
-  #   mrbc.compile_options = "-g -B%{funcname} -o-" # The -g option is required for line numbers
-  # end
-
-  # Linker settings
-  # conf.linker do |linker|
-  #   linker.command = ENV['LD'] || 'gcc'
-  #   linker.flags = [ENV['LDFLAGS'] || []]
-  #   linker.flags_before_libraries = []
-  #   linker.libraries = %w()
-  #   linker.flags_after_libraries = []
-  #   linker.library_paths = []
-  #   linker.option_library = '-l%s'
-  #   linker.option_library_path = '-L%s'
-  #   linker.link_options = "%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" %{objs} %{libs}"
-  # end
-
-  # Archiver settings
-  # conf.archiver do |archiver|
-  #   archiver.command = ENV['AR'] || 'ar'
-  #   archiver.archive_options = 'rs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
-  # end
-
-  # Parser generator settings
-  # conf.yacc do |yacc|
-  #   yacc.command = ENV['YACC'] || 'bison'
-  #   yacc.compile_options = %q[-o "%{outfile}" "%{infile}"]
-  # end
-
-  # gperf settings
-  # conf.gperf do |gperf|
-  #   gperf.command = 'gperf'
-  #   gperf.compile_options = %q[-L ANSI-C -C -p -j1 -i 1 -g -o -t -N mrb_reserved_word -k"1,3,$" "%{infile}" > "%{outfile}"]
-  # end
-
-  # file extensions
-  # conf.exts do |exts|
-  #   exts.object = '.o'
-  #   exts.executable = '' # '.exe' if Windows
-  #   exts.library = '.a'
-  # end
-
-  # file separetor
-  # conf.file_separator = '/'
-
-  # bintest
-  # conf.enable_bintest
-end
-
-MRuby::Build.new('host-debug') do |conf|
-  # load specific toolchain settings
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-  # C compiler settings
-  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK)
-
-  # Generate mruby debugger command (require mruby-eval)
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-bin-debugger"
-
-  # bintest
-  # conf.enable_bintest
-end
-
-MRuby::Build.new('test') do |conf|
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-  conf.enable_bintest
-  conf.enable_test
-
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-end
-
-#MRuby::Build.new('bench') do |conf|
-#  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-#  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-#    toolchain :visualcpp
-#  else
-#    toolchain :gcc
-#    conf.cc.flags << '-O3'
-#  end
+# The default build configuration file was moved to `build_config/default.rb`.
 #
-#  conf.gembox 'default'
-#end
-
-# Define cross build settings
-# MRuby::CrossBuild.new('32bit') do |conf|
-#   toolchain :gcc
-#
-#   conf.cc.flags << "-m32"
-#   conf.linker.flags << "-m32"
-#
-#   conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
-#
-#   conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example'
-#
-#   conf.test_runner.command = 'env'
-# end
+# Recommended way to customize the build configuration is:
+#  * copy `default.rb` (or any config file) to a new file (e.g. `myconfig.rb`)
+#  * edit `myconfig.rb`.
+#  * `rake MRUBY_CONFIG=/path/to/myconfig.rb` to compile and test.
+#  * or `rake MRUBY_CONFIG=myconfig` if your configuration file is in the `build_config` directory.
+#  * (optional) submit your configuration as a pull-request if it's useful for others
+raise "The default configuration was moved to `build_config/default.rb`"

build_config/ArduinoDue.rb

@@ -1,21 +1,5 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-end
-
 # Cross Compiling configuration for Arduino Due
-# http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDue
+# https://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDue
 #
 # Requires Arduino IDE >= 1.5
 MRuby::CrossBuild.new("ArduinoDue") do |conf|
@@ -47,9 +31,8 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("ArduinoDue") do |conf|
     #configuration for low memory environment
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE=64)
     cc.defines << %w(KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE=8)
-    cc.defines << %w(MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE=20)
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_GC_STRESS)
-    #cc.defines << %w(MRB_DISABLE_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
+    #cc.defines << %w(MRB_NO_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
     #cc.defines << %w(POOL_PAGE_SIZE=1000) #effective only for use with mruby-eval
   end
 

build_config/IntelEdison.rb

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
   toolchain :gcc
   conf.gembox 'default'
-  conf.cc.defines = %w(ENABLE_READLINE)
+  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_USE_READLINE)
   conf.gembox 'default'
 
   #lightweight regular expression
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new('core2-32-poky-linux') do |conf|
     cc.flags << %w(-O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types)
     cc.flags << "--sysroot=#{POKY_EDISON_SYSROOT}"
     cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
-    cc.defines = %w(ENABLE_READLINE)
+    cc.defines = %w(MRB_USE_READLINE)
   end
 
   conf.cxx do |cxx|

build_config/IntelGalileo.rb

@@ -1,22 +1,5 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-end
-
-
 # Cross Compiling configuration for Intel Galileo on Arduino environment
-# http://arduino.cc/en/ArduinoCertified/IntelGalileo
+# https://arduino.cc/en/ArduinoCertified/IntelGalileo
 #
 # Requires Arduino IDE for Intel Galileo
 MRuby::CrossBuild.new("Galileo") do |conf|

build_config/RX630.rb

@@ -1,19 +1,3 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-end
-
 # Cross Compiling configuration for RX630
 # http://gadget.renesas.com/
 #
@@ -30,12 +14,11 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("RX630") do |conf|
     cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
 
     #configuration for low memory environment
-    cc.defines << %w(MRB_USE_FLOAT)
+    cc.defines << %w(MRB_USE_FLOAT32)
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE=64)
     cc.defines << %w(KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE=8)
-    cc.defines << %w(MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE=20)
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_GC_STRESS)
-    cc.defines << %w(MRB_DISABLE_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
+    cc.defines << %w(MRB_NO_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
     #cc.defines << %w(POOL_PAGE_SIZE=1000) #effective only for use with mruby-eval
   end
 

build_config/android_arm64-v8a.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Requires Android NDK r13 or later.
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-arm64-v8a') do |conf|
+  params = {
+    :arch => 'arm64-v8a',
+    :platform => 'android-24',
+    :toolchain => :clang,
+  }
+  toolchain :android, params
+
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+end

build_config/android_armeabi.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Requires Android NDK r13 or later.
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-armeabi') do |conf|
+  params = {
+    :arch => 'armeabi',
+    :platform => 'android-24',
+    :toolchain => :clang,
+  }
+  toolchain :android, params
+
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+end

build_config/android_armeabi_v7a_neon_hard.rb

@@ -1,18 +1,3 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-end
-
 # Requires Android NDK r13 or later.
 MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-armeabi-v7a-neon-hard') do |conf|
   params = {

build_config/bench.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+MRuby::Build.new('bench') do |conf|
+  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
+  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
+    toolchain :visualcpp
+  else
+    toolchain :gcc
+    conf.cc.flags << '-O3'
+  end
+
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+end

build_config/boxing.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+boxings = %w[no word nan]
+bits = [64, 32]
+ints = [64, 32]
+
+boxings.product(bits, ints) do |boxing, bit, int|
+  next if boxing == "nan" && int == 64
+
+  MRuby::Build.new("boxing-#{boxing}-m#{bit}-i#{int}") do |conf|
+    conf.toolchain :gcc
+    conf.gembox 'default'
+    conf.compilers.each do |c|
+      c.defines << "MRB_#{boxing.upcase}_BOXING"
+      c.defines << "MRB_INT#{int}"
+      c.flags << "-m#{bit}"
+    end
+    conf.linker.flags << "-m#{bit}"
+    conf.enable_debug
+    conf.enable_test
+    conf.enable_bintest
+  end
+end

build_config/chipKITMax32.rb

@@ -1,21 +1,5 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-end
-
 # Cross Compiling configuration for Digilent chipKIT Max32
-# http://www.digilentinc.com/Products/Detail.cfm?Prod=CHIPKIT-MAX32
+# https://www.digilentinc.com/Products/Detail.cfm?Prod=CHIPKIT-MAX32
 #
 # Requires MPIDE (https://github.com/chipKIT32/chipKIT32-MAX)
 #
@@ -44,9 +28,8 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("chipKITMax32") do |conf|
     #configuration for low memory environment
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE=64)
     cc.defines << %w(KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE=8)
-    cc.defines << %w(MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE=20)
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_GC_STRESS)
-    #cc.defines << %w(MRB_DISABLE_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
+    #cc.defines << %w(MRB_NO_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
     #cc.defines << %w(POOL_PAGE_SIZE=1000) #effective only for use with mruby-eval
   end
 

build_config/ci/gcc-clang.rb

@@ -1,21 +1,22 @@
+STDOUT.sync = STDERR.sync = true unless Rake.application.options.always_multitask
+
 MRuby::Build.new('full-debug') do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
-  enable_debug
+  conf.toolchain
+  conf.enable_debug
 
   # include all core GEMs
   conf.gembox 'full-core'
-  conf.cc.flags += %w(-Werror=declaration-after-statement)
-  conf.cc.defines += %w(MRB_GC_STRESS MRB_METHOD_CACHE MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK)
+  conf.cc.defines += %w(MRB_GC_STRESS MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK)
 
   conf.enable_test
 end
 
 MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
+  conf.toolchain
 
   # include all core GEMs
   conf.gembox 'full-core'
-  conf.cc.flags += %w(-Werror=declaration-after-statement)
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-debugger'
   conf.compilers.each do |c|
     c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA)
   end
@@ -24,17 +25,16 @@ MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
 end
 
 MRuby::Build.new('cxx_abi') do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
+  conf.toolchain
 
   conf.gembox 'full-core'
   conf.cc.flags += %w(-fpermissive)
   conf.compilers.each do |c|
     c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA)
   end
-  conf.enable_bintest
   conf.enable_test
 
-  enable_cxx_abi
+  conf.enable_cxx_abi
 
-  build_mrbc_exec
+  conf.build_mrbc_exec
 end

build_config/ci/msvc.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+STDOUT.sync = STDERR.sync = true unless Rake.application.options.always_multitask
+
+def setup_option(conf)
+  conf.cc.compile_options.sub!(%r{/Zi }, "") unless ENV['CFLAGS']
+  conf.cxx.compile_options.sub!(%r{/Zi }, "") unless ENV['CFLAGS'] || ENV['CXXFLAGS']
+  conf.linker.flags << "/DEBUG:NONE" unless ENV['LDFLAGS']
+end
+
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :visualcpp
+
+  # include all core GEMs
+  conf.gembox 'full-core'
+  conf.compilers.each do |c|
+    c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA)
+  end
+  setup_option(conf)
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/clang-asan.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :clang
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  conf.enable_sanitizer "address,undefined"
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/cross-32bit.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Define cross build settings
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('cross-32bit') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :gcc
+
+  conf.cc.flags << "-m32"
+  conf.linker.flags << "-m32"
+
+  # conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-bin-mruby"
+  conf.gem "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example"
+
+  conf.test_runner.command = 'env'
+end

build_config/default.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  # Use mrbgems
+  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example'
+  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_extension_example' do |g|
+  #   g.cc.flags << '-g' # append cflags in this gem
+  # end
+  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example'
+  # conf.gem :core => 'mruby-eval'
+  # conf.gem :mgem => 'mruby-onig-regexp'
+  # conf.gem :github => 'mattn/mruby-onig-regexp'
+  # conf.gem :git => 'git@github.com:mattn/mruby-onig-regexp.git', :branch => 'master', :options => '-v'
+
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  # C compiler settings
+  # conf.cc do |cc|
+  #   cc.command = ENV['CC'] || 'gcc'
+  #   cc.flags = [ENV['CFLAGS'] || %w()]
+  #   cc.include_paths = ["#{root}/include"]
+  #   cc.defines = %w()
+  #   cc.option_include_path = %q[-I"%s"]
+  #   cc.option_define = '-D%s'
+  #   cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -MMD -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
+  # end
+
+  # mrbc settings
+  # conf.mrbc do |mrbc|
+  #   mrbc.compile_options = "-g -B%{funcname} -o-" # The -g option is required for line numbers
+  # end
+
+  # Linker settings
+  # conf.linker do |linker|
+  #   linker.command = ENV['LD'] || 'gcc'
+  #   linker.flags = [ENV['LDFLAGS'] || []]
+  #   linker.flags_before_libraries = []
+  #   linker.libraries = %w()
+  #   linker.flags_after_libraries = []
+  #   linker.library_paths = []
+  #   linker.option_library = '-l%s'
+  #   linker.option_library_path = '-L%s'
+  #   linker.link_options = "%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" %{objs} %{libs}"
+  # end
+
+  # Archiver settings
+  # conf.archiver do |archiver|
+  #   archiver.command = ENV['AR'] || 'ar'
+  #   archiver.archive_options = 'rs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
+  # end
+
+  # Parser generator settings
+  # conf.yacc do |yacc|
+  #   yacc.command = ENV['YACC'] || 'bison'
+  #   yacc.compile_options = %q[-o "%{outfile}" "%{infile}"]
+  # end
+
+  # gperf settings
+  # conf.gperf do |gperf|
+  #   gperf.command = 'gperf'
+  #   gperf.compile_options = %q[-L ANSI-C -C -p -j1 -i 1 -g -o -t -N mrb_reserved_word -k"1,3,$" "%{infile}" > "%{outfile}"]
+  # end
+
+  # file extensions
+  # conf.exts do |exts|
+  #   exts.object = '.o'
+  #   exts.executable = '' # '.exe' if Windows
+  #   exts.library = '.a'
+  # end
+
+  # file separator
+  # conf.file_separator = '/'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  # conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/dreamcast_shelf.rb

@@ -1,17 +1,3 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # Include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-end
-
 # Cross Compiling configuration for the Sega Dreamcast
 # This configuration requires KallistiOS (KOS)
 # https://dreamcast.wiki
@@ -25,7 +11,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("dreamcast") do |conf|
   # To compile mruby with DreamSDK, RubyInstaller for Windows should be installed
   DREAMSDK_HOME = ENV["DREAMSDK_HOME"]
   MSYS_ROOT = !(DREAMSDK_HOME.nil? || DREAMSDK_HOME.empty?) ? "#{DREAMSDK_HOME}/msys/1.0" : ""
- 
+
   # Setting paths
   DREAMCAST_PATH = "#{MSYS_ROOT}/opt/toolchains/dc"
   KOS_PATH = "#{DREAMCAST_PATH}/kos"
@@ -51,16 +37,16 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("dreamcast") do |conf|
     cxx.defines = conf.cc.defines.dup
     cxx.compile_options = conf.cc.compile_options.dup
   end
- 
+
   # Linker
   # There is an issue when making the mruby library with KallistiOS:
-  # 'newlib_kill.o' and 'newlib_getpid.o' aren't found so they are explicitly 
+  # 'newlib_kill.o' and 'newlib_getpid.o' aren't found so they are explicitly
   # specified here at least for now.
   conf.linker do |linker|
     linker.command="#{BIN_PATH}/sh-elf-gcc"
     linker.flags << ["#{MSYS_ROOT}/opt/toolchains/dc/kos/kernel/build/newlib_kill.o", "#{MSYS_ROOT}/opt/toolchains/dc/kos/kernel/build/newlib_getpid.o", "-Wl,--start-group -lkallisti -lc -lgcc -Wl,--end-group"]
     linker.library_paths << ["#{KOS_PATH}/lib/dreamcast", "#{KOS_PATH}/addons/lib/dreamcast", "#{KOS_PATH}/../kos-ports/lib"]
-  end  
+  end
 
   # Archiver
   conf.archiver do |archiver|
@@ -76,7 +62,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("dreamcast") do |conf|
 
   # Disable C++ exception
   conf.disable_cxx_exception
-  
+
   # Gems from core
   # removing mruby-io
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-metaprog"

build_config/gameboyadvance.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+# Cross Compiling configuration for the Nintendo GameBoyAdvance.
+# This configuration requires devkitARM
+# https://devkitpro.org/wiki/Getting_Started/devkitARM
+#
+# Tested only on GNU/Linux
+#
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new("gameboyadvance") do |conf|
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  DEVKITPRO_PATH = "/opt/devkitpro"
+  BIN_PATH = "#{DEVKITPRO_PATH}/devkitARM/bin"
+
+  # C compiler
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/arm-none-eabi-gcc"
+    cc.flags << ["-mthumb-interwork", "-mthumb", "-O2"]
+    cc.compile_options = %(%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}")
+  end
+
+  # C++ compiler
+  conf.cxx do |cxx|
+    cxx.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/arm-none-eabi-g++"
+    cxx.include_paths = conf.cc.include_paths.dup
+    cxx.flags = conf.cc.flags.dup
+    cxx.flags << %w[-fno-rtti -fno-exceptions]
+    cxx.defines = conf.cc.defines.dup
+    cxx.compile_options = conf.cc.compile_options.dup
+  end
+
+  # Linker
+  conf.linker do |linker|
+    linker.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/arm-none-eabi-gcc"
+    linker.flags << ["-mthumb-interwork", "-mthumb", "-specs=gba.specs"]
+  end
+
+  # No executables
+  conf.bins = []
+
+  # Do not build executable test
+  conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  # Disable C++ exception
+  conf.disable_cxx_exception
+
+  # Gems from core
+  # removing mruby-io
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-metaprog"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-pack"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-sprintf"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-print"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-math"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-time"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-struct"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-compar-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-enum-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-string-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-numeric-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-array-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-hash-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-range-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-proc-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-symbol-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-random"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-object-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-objectspace"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-fiber"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-enumerator"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-enum-lazy"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-toplevel-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-kernel-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-class-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-compiler"
+end

build_config/host-cxx.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  # include the default GEMs
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  # C compiler settings
+  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK)
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_cxx_abi
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/host-debug.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+MRuby::Build.new('host') do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  conf.enable_debug
+
+  # include the default GEMs
+  conf.gembox 'full-core'
+
+  # C compiler settings
+  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK MRB_NO_BOXING)
+
+  # Generate mruby debugger command (require mruby-eval)
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-bin-debugger"
+
+  # test
+  conf.enable_test
+  # bintest
+  conf.enable_bintest
+end

build_config/host-gprof.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  conf.cc.flags << '-pg'
+  conf.linker.flags << '-pg'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/host-m32.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  conf.cc.flags << '-m32'
+  conf.linker.flags << '-m32'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_test
+  conf.enable_bintest
+end

build_config/host-shared.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+
+  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
+  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
+    toolchain :visualcpp
+  else
+    toolchain :gcc
+  end
+
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  # C compiler settings
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.flags = '-fPIC'
+  end
+
+  conf.archiver do |archiver|
+    archiver.command = 'gcc'
+    archiver.archive_options = '-shared -o %{outfile} %{objs}'
+  end
+
+  # file extensions
+  conf.exts do |exts|
+     exts.library = '.so'
+  end
+
+  # file separator
+  # conf.file_separator = '/'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/mrbc.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
+    conf.toolchain :visualcpp
+  else
+    conf.toolchain :gcc
+  end
+
+  conf.build_mrbc_exec
+  conf.disable_libmruby
+  conf.disable_presym
+end

build_config/no-float.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Define cross build settings
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('no-float') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  # Add configuration
+  conf.compilers.each do |c|
+    c.defines << "MRB_NO_FLOAT"
+  end
+
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-bin-mruby"
+
+  conf.test_runner.command = 'env'
+
+  conf.enable_debug
+#  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

doc/guides/compile.md

@@ -6,41 +6,53 @@ binaries.
 ## Prerequisites
 
 To compile mruby out of the source code you need the following tools:
-* C Compiler (e.g. `gcc`)
-* Linker (e.g. `gcc`)
+
+* C Compiler (e.g. `gcc` or `clang`)
+* Linker (e.g. `gcc` or `clang`)
 * Archive utility (e.g. `ar`)
-* Parser generator (e.g. `bison`)
+* Parser generator (`bison`)
 * Ruby 2.0 or later (e.g. `ruby` or `jruby`)
 
+Note that `bison` bundled with MacOS is too old to compile `mruby`.
+Try `brew install bison` and follow the instruction shown to update
+the `$PATH` to compile `mruby`. We also encourage to upgrade `ruby`
+on MacOS in similar manner.
+
 Optional:
-* GIT (to update mruby source and integrate mrbgems easier)
+
+* git (to update mruby source and integrate mrbgems easier)
 * C++ compiler (to use GEMs which include \*.cpp, \*.cxx, \*.cc)
-* Assembler (to use GEMs which include \*.asm)
 
-## Usage
+## Build
+
+To compile `mruby` with the default build configuration, just invoke `rake`
+inside of the mruby source root. To generate and execute the test tools call
+`rake test`. To clean all build files call `rake clean`. To see full command
+line on build, call `rake -v`.
+
+You can specify your own configuration file by the `MRUBY_CONFIG` environment
+variable (you can use `CONFIG` for shorthand for `MRUBY_CONFIG`). If the path
+doesn't exist, *build_config/${MRUBY_CONFIG}.rb* is used. The default
+configuration is defined in the `build_config/default.rb` file.
+
+Those build configuration files contain the build configuration of mruby, for
+example:
 
-Inside of the root directory of the mruby source a file exists
-called *build_config.rb*. This file contains the build configuration
-of mruby and looks like this for example:
 ```ruby
 MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
+  conf.toolchain :gcc
 end
 ```
 
-All tools necessary to compile mruby can be set or modified here. In case
-you want to maintain an additional *build_config.rb* you can define a
-customized path using the *$MRUBY_CONFIG* environment variable.
-
-To compile just call `rake` inside of the mruby source root. To
-generate and execute the test tools call `rake test`. To clean
-all build files call `rake clean`. To see full command line on
-build, call `rake -v`.
+All tools necessary to compile mruby can be set or modified here.
 
 ## Build Configuration
 
-Inside of the *build_config.rb* the following options can be configured
-based on your environment.
+We wish you submit a pull-request to *build_config/**PLATFORM**.rb*, once you
+created a new configuration for a new platform.
+
+Inside of the configuration file, the following options can be
+configured based on your environment.
 
 ### Toolchains
 
@@ -50,32 +62,36 @@ configure the build environment for specific compiler infrastructures.
 #### GCC
 
 Toolchain configuration for the GNU C Compiler.
+
 ```ruby
-toolchain :gcc
+conf.toolchain :gcc
 ```
 
 #### clang
 
 Toolchain configuration for the LLVM C Compiler clang. Mainly equal to the
 GCC toolchain.
+
 ```ruby
-toolchain :clang
+conf.toolchain :clang
 ```
 
 #### Visual Studio 2010, 2012 and 2013
 
 Toolchain configuration for Visual Studio on Windows. If you use the
-[Visual Studio Command Prompt](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms229859\(v=vs.110\).aspx),
+[Visual Studio Command Prompt](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms229859\(v=vs.110\).aspx),
 you normally do not have to specify this manually, since it gets automatically detected by our build process.
+
 ```ruby
-toolchain :visualcpp
+conf.toolchain :visualcpp
 ```
 
 #### Android
 
 Toolchain configuration for Android.
+
 ```ruby
-toolchain :android
+conf.toolchain :android
 ```
 
 Requires the custom standalone Android NDK and the toolchain path
@@ -84,20 +100,18 @@ in `ANDROID_STANDALONE_TOOLCHAIN`.
 ### Binaries
 
 It is possible to select which tools should be compiled during the compilation
-process. The following tools can be selected:
-* mruby (mruby interpreter)
-* mirb (mruby interactive shell)
+process. For example,
 
-To select them declare conf.gem as follows:
-```ruby
-conf.gem "#{root}/mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby"
-conf.gem "#{root}/mrbgems/mruby-bin-mirb"
-```
+* `mruby`
+* `mirb`
+
+The configuration are done via `mrbgems`. See `Mrbgems` section.
 
 ### File Separator
 
 Some environments require a different file separator character. It is possible to
 set the character via `conf.file_separator`.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.file_separator = '/'
 ```
@@ -105,6 +119,7 @@ conf.file_separator = '/'
 ### C Compiler
 
 Configuration of the C compiler binary, flags and include paths.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.cc do |cc|
   cc.command = ...
@@ -120,6 +135,7 @@ end
 C Compiler has header searcher to detect installed library.
 
 If you need a include path of header file use `search_header_path`:
+
 ```ruby
 # Searches ```iconv.h```.
 # If found it will return include path of the header file.
@@ -128,6 +144,7 @@ fail 'iconv.h not found' unless conf.cc.search_header_path 'iconv.h'
 ```
 
 If you need a full file name of header file use `search_header`:
+
 ```ruby
 # Searches ```iconv.h```.
 # If found it will return full path of the header file.
@@ -141,6 +158,7 @@ When you are using GCC toolchain (including clang toolchain since its base is gc
 it will use compiler specific include paths too. (For example `/usr/local/include`, `/usr/include`)
 
 If you need a special header search paths define a singleton method `header_search_paths` to C compiler:
+
 ```ruby
 def conf.cc.header_search_paths
   ['/opt/local/include'] + include_paths
@@ -150,6 +168,7 @@ end
 ### Linker
 
 Configuration of the Linker binary, flags and library paths.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.linker do |linker|
   linker.command = ...
@@ -167,6 +186,7 @@ end
 ### Archiver
 
 Configuration of the Archiver binary and flags.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.archiver do |archiver|
   archiver.command = ...
@@ -177,6 +197,7 @@ end
 ### Parser Generator
 
 Configuration of the Parser Generator binary and flags.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.yacc do |yacc|
   yacc.command = ...
@@ -187,6 +208,7 @@ end
 ### GPerf
 
 Configuration of the GPerf binary and flags.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gperf do |gperf|
   gperf.command = ...
@@ -195,6 +217,7 @@ end
 ```
 
 ### File Extensions
+
 ```ruby
 conf.exts do |exts|
   exts.object = ...
@@ -203,19 +226,44 @@ conf.exts do |exts|
 end
 ```
 
+### Preallocated Symbols
+
+By far, preallocate symbols are highly compatible with the previous versions, so
+we expect you won't see any problem with them. But just in case you face any
+issue, you can disable preallocated symbols by specifying `conf.disable_presym`.
+
+In the build process, `mrbc` under cross compiling environment will be compiled
+with this configuration.
+
 ### Mrbgems
 
-Integrate GEMs in the build process.
-```ruby
-# Integrate GEM with additional configuration
-conf.gem 'path/to/gem' do |g|
-  g.cc.flags << ...
-end
+`mruby` comes with the (sort of) packaging system named `mrbgems`. To
+specify `gem`, you can use `conf.gem` in the configuration file.
 
-# Integrate GEM without additional configuration
-conf.gem 'path/to/another/gem'
+```ruby
+# Integrate a bundled Gem you see in `mrbgems` directory
+conf.gem :core => 'mruby-something'
+
+# Integrate a Gem from GitHub
+conf.gem :github => 'someone/mruby-another'
+
+# Integrate a mruby binary Gem
+conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-mruby'
+
+# Integrate a interactive mruby binary Gem
+conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-mirb'
+
+# Integrate GemBox (set of Gems)
+conf.gembox "default"
 ```
 
+A GemBox is a set of Gems defined in `mrbgems/default.gembox` for example.
+It's just a set of `mrbgem` configurations.
+
+There is a `RubyGem` (gem for CRuby) named `mgem` that help you to
+manage `mrbgems`. Try `gem install mgem`. `mgem` can show you the list
+of registered `mrbgems`.
+
 See doc/mrbgems/README.md for more option about mrbgems.
 
 ### Mrbtest
@@ -223,6 +271,7 @@ See doc/mrbgems/README.md for more option about mrbgems.
 Configuration Mrbtest build process.
 
 If you want mrbtest.a only, You should set `conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only`
+
 ```ruby
 conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
 ```
@@ -235,6 +284,7 @@ See `mruby-bin-*/bintest/*.rb` if you need examples.
 If you want a temporary files use `tempfile` module of CRuby instead of `/tmp/`.
 
 You can enable it with following:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.enable_bintest
 ```
@@ -253,6 +303,7 @@ files are compiled by C++ compiler.
 
 When you mix C++ code, C++ exception would be enabled automatically.
 If you need to enable C++ exception explicitly add the following:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.enable_cxx_exception
 ```
@@ -262,20 +313,24 @@ conf.enable_cxx_exception
 If your compiler does not support C++ and you want to ensure
 you don't use mrbgem written in C++, you can explicitly disable
 C++ exception, add following:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.disable_cxx_exception
 ```
+
 and you will get an error when you try to use C++ gem.
 Note that it must be called before `enable_cxx_exception` or `gem` method.
 
 ### Debugging mode
 
 To enable debugging mode add the following:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.enable_debug
 ```
 
 When debugging mode is enabled
+
 * Macro `MRB_DEBUG` would be defined.
 	* Which means `mrb_assert()` macro is enabled.
 * Debug information of irep would be generated by `mrbc`.
@@ -284,27 +339,29 @@ When debugging mode is enabled
 
 ## Cross-Compilation
 
-mruby can also be cross-compiled from one platform to another. To
-achieve this the *build_config.rb* needs to contain an instance of
-`MRuby::CrossBuild`. This instance defines the compilation
-tools and flags for the target platform. An example could look
-like this:
+mruby can also be cross-compiled from one platform to another. To achieve
+cross-compilation, the build configuration needs to contain an instance of
+`MRuby::CrossBuild`. This instance defines the compilation tools and flags
+for the target platform. An example could look like this:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::CrossBuild.new('32bit') do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
+  conf.toolchain :gcc
 
   conf.cc.flags << "-m32"
   conf.linker.flags << "-m32"
 end
 ```
 
-All configuration options of `MRuby::Build` can also be used
-in `MRuby::CrossBuild`.
+All configuration options of `MRuby::Build` can also be used in
+`MRuby::CrossBuild`. You can find examples under the *build_config*
+directory.
 
 ### Mrbtest in Cross-Compilation
 
 In cross compilation, you can run `mrbtest` on emulator if
 you have it by changing configuration of test runner.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.test_runner do |t|
   t.command = ... # set emulator. this value must be non nil or false
@@ -344,6 +401,7 @@ root directory. The structure of this directory will look like this:
 	          +- mruby
 
 The compilation workflow will look like this:
+
 * compile all files under *src* (object files will be stored
 in *build/host/src*)
 * generate parser grammar out of *src/parse.y* (generated
@@ -421,6 +479,7 @@ build directory.
 The cross compilation workflow starts in the same way as the normal
 compilation by compiling all *native* libraries and binaries.
 Afterwards the cross compilation process proceeds like this:
+
 * cross-compile all files under *src* (object files will be stored
 in *build/i386/src*)
 * generate parser grammar out of *src/parse.y* (generated
@@ -470,7 +529,7 @@ can't be disabled for the main build.
 MRuby::CrossBuild.new('Minimal') do |conf|
   toolchain :gcc
 
-  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_DISABLE_STDIO)
+  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_NO_STDIO)
   conf.bins = []
 end
 ```
@@ -486,3 +545,37 @@ of mruby, a native binary called `mrbtest` will be generated and executed.
 This binary contains all test cases which are defined under *test/t*. In case
 of a cross-compilation an additional cross-compiled *mrbtest* binary is
 generated. You can copy this binary and run on your target system.
+
+## Embedding `mruby` in Your Application
+
+After the build, you will get `libmruby.a`. You can link it to your application.
+
+For compiler options and library path, you can use `mruby-config` command for
+convenience. `mruby-config` command prints the configuration used for `libmruby.a`.
+
+```
+$ mruby-config --help
+Usage: mruby-config [switches]
+  switches:
+  --cflags                    print flags passed to compiler
+  --ldflags                   print flags passed to linker
+  --ldflags-before-libs       print flags passed to linker before linked libraries
+  --libs                      print linked libraries
+  --libmruby-path             print libmruby path
+```
+
+For example, when you have a C source file (`c.c`) and try to
+compile and link it with `libmruby.a`, you can run the following command,
+
+```
+gcc `mruby-config --cflags` c.c `mruby-config --ldflags` `mruby-config --libs`
+```
+
+When you use `make`, add following lines in `Makefile`
+
+```
+MRB_CONFIG = <path-to-mruby-config>
+CFLAGS = `$(MRB_CONFIG) --cflags`
+LDFLAGS = `$(MRB_CONFIG) --ldflags`
+LIBS = `$(MRB_CONFIG) --libs`
+```

doc/guides/debugger.md

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ To confirm mrdb was installed properly, run mrdb with the `--version` option:
 
 ```bash
 $ mrdb --version
-mruby 2.1.1 (2020-04-20)
+mruby 2.1.2 (2020-08-06)
 ```
 
 ## 2.2 Basic Operation
@@ -220,6 +220,7 @@ Example:
 ```
 
 Enabling all breakpoints
+
 ```
 (foo.rb:1) enable 1 3
 ```
@@ -263,7 +264,7 @@ Example:
 
 ```
 (sample.rb:1) info breakpoints
-Num     Type           Enb What  
+Num     Type           Enb What
 1       breakpoint     y   at sample.rb:3                      -> file name,line number
 2       breakpoint     n   in Sample_class:sample_class_method -> [class:]method name
 3       breakpoint     y   in sample_global_method
@@ -273,8 +274,8 @@ Displaying the specified breakpoint number:
 
 ```
 (foo.rb:1) info breakpoints 1 3
-Num     Type           Enb What  
-1       breakpoint     y   at sample.rb:3  
+Num     Type           Enb What
+1       breakpoint     y   at sample.rb:3
 3       breakpoint     y   in sample_global_method
 ```
 

doc/guides/gc-arena-howto.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 _This is an English translation of [Matz's blog post][matz blog post]
 written in Japanese._
 _Some parts are updated to reflect recent changes._
-[matz blog post]: http://www.rubyist.net/~matz/20130731.html
+[matz blog post]: https://www.rubyist.net/~matz/20130731.html
 
 When you are extending mruby using C language, you may encounter
 mysterious "arena overflow error" or memory leak or very slow

doc/guides/mrbconf.md

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 # mruby configuration macros.
 
 ## How to use these macros.
+
 You can use mrbconfs with following ways:
+
 * Write them in `mrbconf.h`.
  * Using compiler flags is preferred  when building a cross binaries or multiple mruby binaries
  since it's easier to use different mrbconf per each `MRuby::Build`.
@@ -11,7 +13,9 @@ You can use mrbconfs with following ways:
  changes `struct` layout and cause memory access error when C and other language(e.g., C++) is mixed.
 
 ## stdio setting.
-`MRB_DISABLE_STDIO`
+
+`MRB_NO_STDIO`
+
 * When defined `<stdio.h>` functions won't be used.
 * Some features will be disabled when this is enabled:
   * `mrb_irep` load/dump from/to file.
@@ -19,80 +23,97 @@ You can use mrbconfs with following ways:
   * Printing features in **src/print.c**.
 
 ## Debug macros.
-`MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK`
+
+`MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK`
+
 * When defined code fetch hook and debug OP hook will be enabled.
 * When using any of the hook set function pointer `code_fetch_hook` and/or `debug_op_hook` of `mrb_state`.
 * Fetch hook will be called before any OP.
 * Debug OP hook will be called when dispatching `OP_DEBUG`.
 
 `MRB_DEBUG`
+
 * When defined `mrb_assert*` macro will be defined with macros from `<assert.h>`.
 * Could be enabled via `enable_debug` method of `MRuby::Build`.
 
 ## Stack configuration
 
 `MRB_STACK_EXTEND_DOUBLING`
+
 * If defined doubles the stack size when extending it.
 * Else extends stack with `MRB_STACK_GROWTH`.
 
 `MRB_STACK_GROWTH`
+
 * Default value is `128`.
 * Used in stack extending.
 * Ignored when `MRB_STACK_EXTEND_DOUBLING` is defined.
 
 `MRB_STACK_MAX`
+
 * Default value is `0x40000 - MRB_STACK_GROWTH`.
 * Raises `RuntimeError` when stack size exceeds this value.
 
 ## Primitive type configuration.
 
-`MRB_USE_FLOAT`
-* When defined single precision floating point type(C type `float`) is used as `mrb_float`.
-* Else double precision floating point type(C type `double`) is used as `mrb_float`.
+`MRB_USE_FLOAT32`
+
+* When defined single precision floating point type(C type `float`) is used as `mrb_float`.
+* Otherwise double precision floating point type(C type `double`) is used as `mrb_float`.
+
+`MRB_NO_FLOAT`
 
-`MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT`
 * When defined removes floating point numbers from mruby.
 * It makes mruby easier to handle in "Microcontroller without FPU" and "Kernel Space".
 
 `MRB_INT32`
+
 * When defined, or `MRB_INT64` are not defined on 32-bit CPU mode, `mrb_int` will be defined as `int32_t`.
 * Conflicts with `MRB_INT64`.
 
 `MRB_INT64`
+
 * When defined, or `MRB_INT32` are not defined on 64-bit CPU mode, `mrb_int` will be defined as `int64_t`.
 * Conflicts with `MRB_INT32`.
 
 ## Garbage collector configuration.
 
 `MRB_GC_STRESS`
+
 * When defined full GC is emitted per each `RBasic` allocation.
 * Mainly used in memory manager debugging.
 
 `MRB_GC_TURN_OFF_GENERATIONAL`
+
 * When defined turns generational GC by default.
 
 `MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA`
+
 * When defined used fixed size GC arena.
 * Raises `RuntimeError` when this is defined and GC arena size exceeds `MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE`.
 * Useful tracking unnecessary mruby object allocation.
 
 `MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE`
+
 * Default value is `100`.
 * Ignored when `MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA` isn't defined.
 * Defines fixed GC arena size.
 
 `MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE`
+
 * Defines value is `1024`.
 * Specifies number of `RBasic` per each heap page.
 
 ## Memory pool configuration.
 
 `POOL_ALIGNMENT`
+
 * Default value is `4`.
 * If you're allocating data types that requires alignment more than default value define the
 largest value of required alignment.
 
 `POOL_PAGE_SIZE`
+
 * Default value is `16000`.
 * Specifies page size of pool page.
 * Smaller the value is increases memory overhead.
@@ -100,37 +121,38 @@ largest value of required alignment.
 ## State atexit configuration.
 
 `MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK`
+
 * If defined enables fixed size `mrb_state` atexit stack.
 * Raises `RuntimeError` when `mrb_state_atexit` call count to same `mrb_state` exceeds
 `MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK_SIZE`'s value.
 
 `MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK_SIZE`
+
 * Default value is `5`.
 * If `MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK` isn't defined this macro is ignored.
 
 ## `mrb_value` configuration.
 
 `MRB_ENDIAN_BIG`
+
 * If defined compiles mruby for big endian machines.
 * Used in `MRB_NAN_BOXING`.
 * Some mrbgem use this mrbconf.
 
 `MRB_NAN_BOXING`
+
 * If defined represent `mrb_value` in boxed `double`.
-* Conflicts with `MRB_USE_FLOAT` and `MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT`.
+* Conflicts with `MRB_USE_FLOAT32` and `MRB_NO_FLOAT`.
 
 `MRB_WORD_BOXING`
+
 * If defined represent `mrb_value` as a word.
 * If defined `Float` will be a mruby object with `RBasic`.
 
-## Instance variable configuration.
-`MRB_IV_SEGMENT_SIZE`
-* Default value is `4`.
-* Specifies size of each segment in segment list.
-
 ## Reduce heap memory configuration.
 
 `MRB_USE_LINK_TIME_RO_DATA_P`
+
 * Only available on ELF platforms.
 * If you specify the address of a read-only section when creating a symbol or string, that string will be used as it is.
 * Heap memory can be saved.
@@ -138,6 +160,7 @@ largest value of required alignment.
 * It must be `__ehdr_start < data_addr < __init_array_start`.
 
 `MRB_USE_CUSTOM_RO_DATA_P`
+
 * Takes precedence over `MRB_USE_LINK_TIME_RO_DATA_P`.
 * Please try if `MRB_USE_LINK_TIME_RO_DATA_P` is not available.
 * The `mrb_ro_data_p()` function is implemented by the user in an arbitrary file.
@@ -145,37 +168,41 @@ largest value of required alignment.
 * Return `TRUE` if `ptr` is in read-only section, otherwise return `FALSE`.
 
 ## Other configuration.
+
 `MRB_UTF8_STRING`
+
 * Adds UTF-8 encoding support to character-oriented String instance methods.
 * If it isn't defined, they only support the US-ASCII encoding.
 
 `MRB_FUNCALL_ARGC_MAX`
+
 * Default value is `16`.
 * Specifies 4th argument(`argc`) max value of `mrb_funcall`.
 * Raises `ArgumentError` when the `argc` argument is bigger then this value `mrb_funcall`.
 
 `KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE`
+
 * Default value is `32`.
 * Specifies default size of khash table bucket.
 * Used in `kh_init_ ## name` function.
 
-`MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE`
-* Default value is `128`.
-* Specifies initial capacity of `RString` created by `mrb_str_buf_new` function..
+`MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE`
 
-`MRB_METHOD_CACHE`
-* Improve performance for method dispatch.
+* Disable method cache to save memory.
 
 `MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE`
-* Default value is `128`.
-* Ignored if `MRB_METHOD_CACHE` is not defined.
+
+* Default value is `256`.
+* Ignored if `MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE` is defined.
 * Need to be the power of 2.
 
-`MRB_METHOD_T_STRUCT`
+`MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT`
+
 * Use C struct to represent `mrb_method_t`
-* No `MRB_METHOD_T_STRUCT` requires highest 2 bits of function pointers to be zero
+* No `MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT` requires highest 2 bits of function pointers to be zero
 * Define this macro on machines that use higher bits of pointers
 
-`MRB_ENABLE_ALL_SYMBOLS`
-* Make it available `Symbols.all_symbols` in `mrbgems/mruby-symbol-ext`
+`MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS`
+
+* Make it available `Symbol.all_symbols` in `mrbgems/mruby-symbol-ext`
 * Increase heap memory usage.

doc/guides/mrbgems.md

@@ -5,21 +5,27 @@ standardised way into mruby.
 
 ## Usage
 
-By default mrbgems is currently deactivated. As soon as you add a GEM to your
-build configuration (i.e. *build_config.rb*), mrbgems will be activated and the
-extension integrated.
+You have to activate mrbgems explicitly in your build configuration.  To add
+a GEM, add the following line to your build configuration file, for example:
 
-To add a GEM into the *build_config.rb* add the following line for example:
 ```ruby
 conf.gem '/path/to/your/gem/dir'
 ```
 
-You can also use a relative path which would be relative from the mruby root:
+You can also use a relative path to specify a gem.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example'
 ```
 
+In that case,
+
+* if your build configuration file is in the `build_config` directory, it's
+  relative from `MRUBY_ROOT`.
+* otherwise, it is relative from the directory where your build configuration is.
+
 A remote GIT repository location for a GEM is also supported:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gem :git => 'https://github.com/masuidrive/mrbgems-example.git', :branch => 'master'
 conf.gem :github => 'masuidrive/mrbgems-example', :branch => 'master'
@@ -27,17 +33,20 @@ conf.gem :bitbucket => 'mruby/mrbgems-example', :branch => 'master'
 ```
 
 You can specify the sub directory of the repository with `:path` option:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gem github: 'mruby/mruby', path: 'mrbgems/mruby-socket'
 ```
 
 To use mrbgem from [mgem-list](https://github.com/mruby/mgem-list) use `:mgem` option:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gem :mgem => 'mruby-yaml'
 conf.gem :mgem => 'yaml' # 'mruby-' prefix could be omitted
 ```
 
 For specifying commit hash to checkout use `:checksum_hash` option:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gem mgem: 'mruby-redis', checksum_hash: '3446d19fc4a3f9697b5ddbf2a904f301c42f2f4e'
 ```
@@ -54,13 +63,14 @@ NOTE: `:bitbucket` option supports only git. Hg is unsupported in this version.
 
 There are instances when you wish to add a collection of mrbgems into mruby at
 once, or be able to substitute mrbgems based on configuration, without having to
-add each gem to the *build_config.rb* file.  A packaged collection of mrbgems
+add each gem to your build configuration file.  A packaged collection of mrbgems
 is called a GemBox.  A GemBox is a file that contains a list of mrbgems to load
-into mruby, in the same format as if you were adding them to *build_config.rb*
+into mruby, in the same format as if you were adding them to the build config
 via `config.gem`, but wrapped in an `MRuby::GemBox` object.  GemBoxes are
 loaded into mruby via `config.gembox 'boxname'`.
 
 Below we have created a GemBox containing *mruby-time* and *mrbgems-example*:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::GemBox.new do |conf|
   conf.gem "#{root}/mrbgems/mruby-time"
@@ -73,16 +83,19 @@ must be saved with a *.gembox* extension inside the *mrbgems* directory to to be
 picked up by mruby.
 
 To use this example GemBox, we save it as `custom.gembox` inside the *mrbgems*
-directory in mruby, and add the following to our *build_config.rb* file inside
+directory in mruby, and add the following to your build configuration file inside
 the build block:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gembox 'custom'
 ```
+
 This will cause the *custom* GemBox to be read in during the build process,
 adding *mruby-time* and *mrbgems-example* to the build.
 
 If you want, you can put GemBox outside of mruby directory. In that case you must
 specify an absolute path like below.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gembox "#{ENV["HOME"]}/mygemboxes/custom"
 ```
@@ -120,6 +133,7 @@ to compile C and Ruby files. *README.md* is a short description of your GEM.
 
 mrbgems expects a specification file called *mrbgem.rake* inside of your
 GEM directory. A typical GEM specification could look like this for example:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('c_and_ruby_extension_example') do |spec|
   spec.license = 'MIT'
@@ -149,6 +163,7 @@ The `license` and `author` properties are required in every GEM!
 
 In case your GEM is depending on other GEMs please use
 `spec.add_dependency(gem, *requirements[, default_get_info])` like:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('c_and_ruby_extension_example') do |spec|
   spec.license = 'MIT'
@@ -158,10 +173,10 @@ MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('c_and_ruby_extension_example') do |spec|
   # The version must be between 1.0.0 and 1.5.2 .
   spec.add_dependency('mruby-parser', '>= 1.0.0', '<= 1.5.2')
 
-  # Use any version of mruby-uv from github.
+  # Use any version of mruby-uv from GitHub.
   spec.add_dependency('mruby-uv', '>= 0.0.0', :github => 'mattn/mruby-uv')
 
-  # Use latest mruby-onig-regexp from github. (version requirements can be omitted)
+  # Use latest mruby-onig-regexp from GitHub. (version requirements can be omitted)
   spec.add_dependency('mruby-onig-regexp', :github => 'mattn/mruby-onig-regexp')
 
   # You can add extra mgems active only on test
@@ -172,6 +187,7 @@ end
 The version requirements and default gem information are optional.
 
 Version requirement supports following operators:
+
 * '=': is equal
 * '!=': is not equal
 * '>': is greater
@@ -184,18 +200,20 @@ Version requirement supports following operators:
 
 When more than one version requirements is passed, the dependency must satisfy all of it.
 
-You can have default gem to use as dependency when it's not defined in *build_config.rb*.
+You can have default gem to use as dependency when it's not defined in your build configuration.
 When the last argument of `add_dependency` call is `Hash`, it will be treated as default gem information.
 Its format is same as argument of method `MRuby::Build#gem`, expect that it can't be treated as path gem location.
 
 When a special version of dependency is required,
-use `MRuby::Build#gem` in *build_config.rb* to override default gem.
+use `MRuby::Build#gem` in the build configuration to override default gem.
 
 If you have conflicting GEMs use the following method:
+
 * `spec.add_conflict(gem, *requirements)`
     * The `requirements` argument is same as in `add_dependency` method.
 
 like following code:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::Gem::Specification.new 'some-regexp-binding' do |spec|
   spec.license = 'BSD'
@@ -238,7 +256,6 @@ For example: when B depends to C and A depends to B, A will get include paths ex
 Exported include_paths are automatically appended to GEM local include_paths by rake.
 You can use `spec.export_include_paths` accessor if you want more complex build.
 
-
 ## C Extension
 
 mruby can be extended with C. This is possible by using the C API to
@@ -250,6 +267,7 @@ mrbgems expects that you have implemented a C method called
 `mrb_YOURGEMNAME_gem_init(mrb_state)`. `YOURGEMNAME` will be replaced
 by the name of your GEM. If you call your GEM *c_extension_example*, your
 initialisation method could look like this:
+
 ```C
 void
 mrb_c_extension_example_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb) {
@@ -294,7 +312,6 @@ mruby can be extended with pure Ruby. It is possible to override existing
 classes or add new ones in this way. Put all Ruby files into the *mrblib*
 folder.
 
-
 ### Pre-Conditions
 
 none

doc/guides/symbol.md

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# Symbols
+
+Symbols in `mruby` C source code is represented by `mrb_sym` which is alias of
+`uint32_t`.  Lower 30 bits are used for symbols so that higher 2 bits can be
+used as flags, e.g. `struct mt_elem` in `class.c`.
+
+```C
+struct mt_elem {
+  union mt_ptr ptr;
+  size_t func_p:1;
+  size_t noarg_p:1;
+  mrb_sym key:sizeof(mrb_sym)*8-2;
+};
+```
+
+## C API
+
+We provide following C API for symbols.
+
+### Generate Symbols
+
+#### `mrb_sym mrb_intern(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t)`
+
+Get a symbol from a string.
+
+#### `mrb_sym mrb_intern_check_cstr(mrb_state*,const char*)`
+
+Get a symbol from a NULL terminated (C) string.
+
+#### `mrb_sym mrb_intern_str(mrb_state*,mrb_value)`
+
+Get a symbol from a Ruby string object.
+
+#### `mrb_intern_lit(mrb_state*,const char*)`
+
+Get a symbol from a C string literal. The second argument should be a C string
+literal, otherwise you will get a compilation error. It does not copy C string
+given the fact it's a literal.
+
+#### `mrb_sym mrb_intern_check(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t)`
+
+Get a symbol from a string if the string has been already registered as a
+symbol, otherwise return `0`. We also provide variants `mrb_intern_check_str()`
+(from Ruby string) and `mrb_intern_check_cstr()` (from C string).
+
+#### `const char *mrb_sym_name(mrb_state*,mrb_sym)`
+
+Get a string representation of a symbol as a C string.
+
+#### `const char *mrb_sym_name_len(mrb_state*,mrb_sym,mrb_int*)`
+
+Get a string representation of a symbol, and its length.
+
+## Preallocate Symbols
+
+To save RAM, `mruby` can use compile-time allocation of some symbols. You can
+use following macros to get preallocated symbols by including `mruby/presym.h`
+header.
+
+ * `MRB_SYM(xor)`    //=> xor    (Word characters)
+ * `MRB_SYM_B(xor)`  //=> xor!   (Method with Bang)
+ * `MRB_SYM_Q(xor)`  //=> xor?   (Method with Question mark)
+ * `MRB_SYM_E(xor)`  //=> xor=   (Method with Equal)
+ * `MRB_CVSYM(xor)`  //=> @@xor  (Class Variable)
+ * `MRB_IVSYM(xor)`  //=> @xor   (Instance Variable)
+ * `MRB_OPSYM(xor)`  //=> ^      (Operator)
+
+For `MRB_OPSYM()`, specify the names corresponding to operators (see
+`MRuby::Presym::OPERATORS` in `lib/mruby/presym.rb` for the names that
+can be specified for it). Other than that, describe only word characters
+excluding leading and ending punctuations.
+
+These macros are converted to static symbol IDs at compile time, unless
+preallocate symbols are disabled by  `conf.disable_presym`. In that case,
+these macros are expanded to `mrb_intern_lit` calls, therefore the mruby state
+variable is required. The above macros assume the variable name is `mrb`.  If
+its name is not `mrb`, you need to use macros with `_2` suffix, such as
+`MRB_SYM_2` to specify `mrb_state*` variable.
+
+### Disabling Preallocated Symbols
+
+You can disable preallocated symbols by specifying `conf.disable_presym` in the
+configuration file.

doc/limitations.md

@@ -13,15 +13,6 @@ This document is collecting these limitations.
 This document does not contain a complete list of limitations.
 Please help to improve it by submitting your findings.
 
-
-## `1/2` gives `0.5`
-
-Since mruby does not have `Bignum`, bigger integers are represented
-by `Float` numbers. To enhance interoperability between `Fixnum`
-and `Float`, mruby provides `Float#upto` and other iterating
-methods for the `Float` class.  As a side effect, `1/2` gives `0.5`
-not `0`.
-
 ## `Array` passed to `puts`
 
 Passing an Array to `puts` results in different output.
@@ -38,7 +29,7 @@ puts [1,2,3]
 3
 ```
 
-#### mruby [2.1.1 (2020-04-20)]
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
 
 ```
 [1, 2, 3]
@@ -61,9 +52,17 @@ end
 
 `ZeroDivisionError` is raised.
 
-#### mruby [2.1.1 (2020-04-20)]
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
 
-No exception is raised.
+No exception is raised. Instead you have to do:
+
+```ruby
+begin
+  1 / 0
+rescue => e
+  raise e
+end
+```
 
 ## Fiber execution can't cross C function boundary
 
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ p Liste.new "foobar"
 
 ` [] `
 
-#### mruby [2.1.1 (2020-04-20)]
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
 
 `ArgumentError` is raised.
 
@@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ false
 true
 ```
 
-#### mruby [2.1.1 (2020-04-20)]
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
 
 ```
 true
@@ -156,7 +155,7 @@ p 'ok'
 ok
 ```
 
-#### mruby [2.1.1 (2020-04-20)]
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
 
 ```
 test.rb:8: undefined method 'test_func' (NoMethodError)
@@ -178,7 +177,7 @@ defined?(Foo)
 nil
 ```
 
-#### mruby [2.1.1 (2020-04-20)]
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
 
 `NameError` is raised.
 
@@ -195,7 +194,7 @@ alias $a $__a__
 
 ` nil `
 
-#### mruby [2.1.1 (2020-04-20)]
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
 
 Syntax error
 
@@ -217,7 +216,7 @@ end
 `ArgumentError` is raised.
 The re-defined `+` operator does not accept any arguments.
 
-#### mruby [2.1.1 (2020-04-20)]
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
 
 ` 'ab' `
 Behavior of the operator wasn't changed.
@@ -233,7 +232,7 @@ $ ruby -e 'puts Proc.new {}.binding'
 #<Binding:0x00000e9deabb9950>
 ```
 
-#### mruby [2.1.1 (2020-04-20)]
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
 
 ```
 $ ./bin/mruby -e 'puts Proc.new {}.binding'
@@ -245,8 +244,7 @@ trace (most recent call last):
 ## Keyword arguments
 
 mruby keyword arguments behave slightly different from CRuby 2.5
-to make the behavior simpler and less confusing. Maybe in the
-future, the simpler behavior will be adopted to CRuby as well.
+to make the behavior simpler and less confusing.
 
 #### Ruby [ruby 2.5.1p57 (2018-03-29 revision 63029)]
 
@@ -255,7 +253,7 @@ $ ruby -e 'def m(*r,**k) p [r,k] end; m("a"=>1,:b=>2)'
 [[{"a"=>1}], {:b=>2}]
 ```
 
-#### mruby [mruby 2.1.1]
+#### mruby [mruby 2.1.2]
 
 ```
 $ ./bin/mruby -e 'def m(*r,**k) p [r,k] end; m("a"=>1,:b=>2)'
@@ -264,26 +262,6 @@ trace (most recent call last):
 -e:1: keyword argument hash with non symbol keys (ArgumentError)
 ```
 
-## Argument Destructuring
-
-```ruby
-def m(a,(b,c),d); p [a,b,c,d]; end
-m(1,[2,3],4)  # => [1,2,3,4]
-```
-Destructured arguments (`b` and `c` in above example) cannot be accessed
-from the default expression of optional arguments and keyword arguments,
-since actual assignment is done after the evaluation of those default
-expressions. Thus:
-
-```ruby
-def f(a,(b,c),d=b)
-  p [a,b,c,d]
-end
-f(1,[2,3])
-```
-
-CRuby gives `[1,2,3,nil]`. mruby raises `NoMethodError` for `b`.
-
 ## `nil?` redefinition in conditional expressions
 
 Redefinition of `nil?` is ignored in conditional expressions.
@@ -297,3 +275,24 @@ puts(a.nil? ? "truthy" : "falsy")
 ```
 
 Ruby outputs `falsy`. mruby outputs `truthy`.
+
+## Argument Destructuring
+
+```ruby
+def m(a,(b,c),d); p [a,b,c,d]; end
+m(1,[2,3],4)  # => [1,2,3,4]
+```
+
+Destructured arguments (`b` and `c` in above example) cannot be accessed
+from the default expression of optional arguments and keyword arguments,
+since actual assignment is done after the evaluation of those default
+expressions. Thus:
+
+```ruby
+def f(a,(b,c),d=b)
+  p [a,b,c,d]
+end
+f(1,[2,3])
+```
+
+CRuby gives `[1,2,3,nil]`. mruby raises `NoMethodError` for `b`.

doc/mruby3.md

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+User visible changes in `mruby3`
+===
+
+# Build System
+
+## `build_config` directory
+
+Typical build configuration files are located in `build_config`
+directory. For examples:
+
+* `default`: the default configuration
+* `host-gprof`: compiles with `gprof` for performance tuning
+* `host-m32`: compiles in gcc 32bit mode on 64bit platforms
+* `boxing`: compiles all three boxing options
+* `clang-asan`: compiles with `clang`'s Address Sanitizer
+
+You can specify the build configuration file with the
+`MRUBY_CONFIG` environment variable (or `CONFIG` in short).
+If the value specified by `MRUBY_CONFIG` is not the path to
+the configuration file, `build_config/${MRUBY_CONFIG}.rb` is
+used.  So you can specify it as `rake MRUBY_CONFIG=boxing`,
+for example.
+
+# Build Configuration Contribution
+
+When you write a new build configuration description, please
+contribute. We welcome your contribution as a GitHub
+pull-request.
+
+# Language Changes
+
+## New Syntax
+
+We have ported some new syntax from CRuby.
+
+* Single line pattern matching (`12 => x`);
+  mruby matches only with local variables at the moment
+* Numbered block parameter (`x.map{_1 * 2}`)
+* End-less `def` (`def double(x) = x*2`)
+
+# Configuration Options Changed
+
+## Renamed for consistency
+
+Some configuration macro names are changed for consistency (use `MRB_USE_XXX`
+ or `MRB_NO_XXX`).
+
+|             mruby2             |          mruby3           |
+|--------------------------------|---------------------------|
+| `MRB_ENABLE_ALL_SYMBOLS`       | `MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS`     |
+| `MRB_ENABLE_CXX_ABI`           | `MRB_USE_CXX_ABI`         |
+| `MRB_ENABLE_CXX_EXCEPTION`     | `MRB_USE_CXX_EXCEPTION`   |
+| `MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK`        | `MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK`      |
+| `MRB_DISABLE_DIRECT_THREADING` | `MRB_NO_DIRECT_THREADING` |
+| `MRB_DISABLE_STDIO`            | `MRB_NO_STDIO`            |
+| `MRB_METHOD_T_STRUCT`          | `MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT` |
+| `MRB_USE_FLOAT`                | `MRB_USE_FLOAT32`         |
+| `MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT`            | `MRB_NO_FLOAT`            |
+| `ENABLE_LINENOISE`             | `MRB_USE_LINENOISE`       |
+| `ENABLE_READLINE`              | `MRB_USE_READLINE`        |
+| `DISABLE_MIRB_UNDERSCORE`      | `MRB_NO_MIRB_UNDERSCORE`  |
+
+* `MRB_USE_FLOAT32` is changed from `MRB_USE_FLOAT` to make sure `float` here
+   means using single precision float, and not the opposite of `MRB_NO_FLOAT`.
+* `MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT` uses `struct` version of `mrb_method_t`. More
+  portable but consumes more memory. Turned on by default on 32bit platforms.
+* `MRB_` prefix is added to those without.
+
+## `MRB_NO_BOXING`
+
+Uses `struct` to represent `mrb_value`. Consumes more memory
+but easier to investigate the internal and to debug. It used
+to be default `mrb_value` representation. Now the default is
+`MRB_WORD_BOXING`.
+
+## `MRB_WORD_BOXING`
+
+Pack `mrb_value` in an `intptr_t` integer. Consumes less
+memory compared to `MRB_NO_BOXING` especially on 32 bit
+platforms. `Fixnum` size is 31 bits so some integer values
+does not fit in `Fixnum` integers.
+
+## `MRB_NAN_BOXING`
+
+Pack `mrb_value` in a floating pointer number. Nothing
+changed from previous versions.
+
+## `MRB_USE_MALLOC_TRIM`
+
+Call `malloc_trim(0)` from mrb_full_gc() if this macro is defined.
+If you are using glibc malloc, this macro could reduce memory consumption.
+
+# Command Line Program
+
+## `bin/mruby` (by mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby)
+
+The mruby3 now automatically detects `*.mrb` files without the `-b`
+switch. Therefore, it can be mixed with the `*.rb` file in combination
+with the `-r` switch and specified at the same time.
+Here's an example that works fine:
+
+```console
+$ bin/mruby app.mrb
+$ bin/mruby -r lib1.mrb -r lib2.rb app.rb
+$ bin/mruby -r lib1.rb -r lib2.rb < app.mrb
+```
+
+# Internal Changes
+
+## New Instructions
+
+`mruby3` introduces a few new instructions.
+
+Instructions that access pool[i]/syms[i] where i>255.
+
+* `OP_LOADL16`
+* `OP_STRING16`
+* `OP_LOADSYM16`
+
+Instructions that load a 32 bit integer.
+
+* `OP_LOADI32`
+
+Instruction that unwinds jump table for rescue/ensure.
+
+* `OP_JMPUW`
+
+Renamed from `OP_RAISE`
+
+* `OP_RAISEIF`
+
+Instruction that is reserved for the future keyword argument support.
+
+* OP_SENDVK
+
+## Removed Instructions
+
+Instructions for old exception handling
+
+* `OP_ONERR`
+* `OP_POPERR`
+* `OP_EPUSH`
+* `OP_EPOP`
+
+No more operand extension
+
+* `OP_EXT1`
+* `OP_EXT2`
+* `OP_EXT3`
+
+## Changed Instructions
+
+Jump addresses used to be specified by absolute offset from the start of `iseq`. Now they are relative offset from the address of the next instruction.
+
+## `Random` now use `xoshiro128++`.
+
+For better and faster random number generation.
+
+## Preallocated Symbol
+
+Preallocated symbols are interned at compile-time. They can be accessed via symbols macros (e.g. `MRB_SYM()`).
+
+See [Symbols](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/doc/guides/symbol.md).

doc/opcode.md

@@ -16,112 +16,111 @@ In the table.1 below, the second field describes the size (and
 sign) of operands.
 
 * B: 8bit
-* sB: signed 8bit
 * S: 16bit
 * sS: signed 16bit
 * W: 24bit
 
-First two byte operands may be extended to 16bit. When those byte
-operands are bigger than 256, the instruction will be prefixed by
-`OP_EXT1` (means 1st operand is 16bit) or `OP_EXT2` (means 2nd operand
-is 16bit) or `OP_EXT3` (means 1st and 2nd operands are 16bit).
-
-For instructions marked by `'`, `OP_EXT1` can be prefixed. For those
-with `"`, either `OP_EXT1` or `OP_EXT2` or `OP_EXT2` can be prefixed.
-
 ## table.1 Instruction Table
 
-| Instruction Name | Operand type | Semantics        	|
-|:-----------------|--------------|---------------------|
-| OP_NOP           | -            |                  	|
-| OP_MOVE"         | BB           | R(a) = R(b)      	
-| OP_LOADL"        | BB           | R(a) = Pool(b)   	
-| OP_LOADI"        | BsB          | R(a) = mrb_int(b)	
-| OP_LOADI_0'      | B            | R(a) = 0	
-| OP_LOADI_1'      | B            | R(a) = 1	
-| OP_LOADI_2'      | B            | R(a) = 2	
-| OP_LOADI_3'      | B            | R(a) = 3	
-| OP_LOADSYM"      | BB           | R(a) = Syms(b)	
-| OP_LOADNIL'      | B            | R(a) = nil	
-| OP_LOADSELF'     | B            | R(a) = self	
-| OP_LOADT'        | B            | R(a) = true	
-| OP_LOADF'        | B            | R(a) = false	
-| OP_GETGV"        | BB           | R(a) = getglobal(Syms(b))	
-| OP_SETGV"        | BB           | setglobal(Syms(b), R(a))	
-| OP_GETSV"        | BB           | R(a) = Special[b]	
-| OP_SETSV"        | BB           | Special[b] = R(a)	
-| OP_GETIV"        | BB           | R(a) = ivget(Syms(b))	
-| OP_SETIV"        | BB           | ivset(Syms(b),R(a))	
-| OP_GETCV"        | BB           | R(a) = cvget(Syms(b))	
-| OP_SETCV"        | BB           | cvset(Syms(b),R(a))	
-| OP_GETCONST"     | BB           | R(a) = constget(Syms(b))	
-| OP_SETCONST"     | BB           | constset(Syms(b),R(a))	
-| OP_GETMCNST"     | BB           | R(a) = R(a)::Syms(b)	
-| OP_SETMCNST"     | BB           | R(a+1)::Syms(b) = R(a)	
-| OP_GETUPVAR'     | BBB          | R(a) = uvget(b,c)	
-| OP_SETUPVAR'     | BBB          | uvset(b,c,R(a))	
-| OP_JMP           | S            | pc+=a	
-| OP_JMPIF'        | SB           | if R(b) pc+=a	
-| OP_JMPNOT'       | SB           | if !R(b) pc+=a	
-| OP_ONERR         | sS           | rescue_push(pc+a)	
-| OP_EXCEPT'       | B            | R(a) = exc	
-| OP_RESCUE"       | BB           | R(b) = R(a).isa?(R(b))	
-| OP_POPERR        | B            | a.times{rescue_pop()}	
-| OP_RAISE'        | B            | raise(R(a))	
-| OP_EPUSH'        | B            | ensure_push(SEQ[a])	
-| OP_EPOP          | B            | A.times{ensure_pop().call}	
-| OP_SENDV"        | BB           | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),*R(a+1))	
-| OP_SENDVB"       | BB           | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),*R(a+1),&R(a+2))	
-| OP_SEND"         | BBB          | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1),...,R(a+c))	
-| OP_SENDB"        | BBB          | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(Bx),R(a+1),...,R(a+c),&R(a+c+1))	
-| OP_CALL'         | B            | R(a) = self.call(frame.argc, frame.argv)	
-| OP_SUPER'        | BB           | R(a) = super(R(a+1),... ,R(a+b+1))	
-| OP_ARGARY'       | BS           | R(a) = argument array (16=5:1:5:1:4)	
-| OP_ENTER         | W            | arg setup according to flags (23=5:5:1:5:5:1:1)	
-| OP_KARG"         | BB           | R(a) = kdict[Syms(Bx)]                          # todo	
-| OP_KARG2"        | BB           | R(a) = kdict[Syms(Bx)]; kdict.rm(Syms(b))       # todo	
-| OP_RETURN'       | B            | return R(a) (normal)	
-| OP_RETURN_BLK'   | B            | return R(a) (in-block return)	
-| OP_BREAK'        | B            | break R(a)	
-| OP_BLKPUSH'      | BS           | R(a) = block (16=5:1:5:1:4)	
-| OP_ADD"          | BB           | R(a) = R(a)+R(a+1)	
-| OP_ADDI"         | BBB          | R(a) = R(a)+mrb_int(c)	
-| OP_SUB"          | BB           | R(a) = R(a)-R(a+1)	
-| OP_SUBI"         | BB           | R(a) = R(a)-C	
-| OP_MUL"          | BB           | R(a) = R(a)*R(a+1)	
-| OP_DIV"          | BB           | R(a) = R(a)/R(a+1)	
-| OP_EQ"           | BB           | R(a) = R(a)==R(a+1)	
-| OP_LT"           | BB           | R(a) = R(a)<R(a+1)	
-| OP_LE"           | BB           | R(a) = R(a)<=R(a+1)	
-| OP_GT"           | BB           | R(a) = R(a)>R(a+1)	
-| OP_GE"           | BB           | R(a) = R(a)>=R(a+1)	
-| OP_ARRAY'        | BB           | R(a) = ary_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b))	
-| OP_ARRAY2"       | BB           | R(a) = ary_new(R(b),R(b+1)..R(b+c))	
-| OP_ARYCAT'       | B            | ary_cat(R(a),R(a+1))	
-| OP_ARYPUSH'      | B            | ary_push(R(a),R(a+1))	
-| OP_AREF'         | BB           | R(a) = R(a)[b]	
-| OP_ASET'         | BB           | R(a)[b] = R(a+1)	
-| OP_APOST'        | BB           | *R(a),R(A+1)..R(A+C) = R(a)[B..]	
-| OP_STRING"       | BB           | R(a) = str_dup(Lit(b))	
-| OP_STRCAT'       | B            | str_cat(R(a),R(a+1))	
-| OP_HASH'         | BB           | R(a) = hash_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b))	
-| OP_HASHADD'      | BB           | R(a) = hash_push(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b))	
-| OP_LAMBDA"       | BB           | R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],OP_L_LAMBDA)	
-| OP_BLOCK"        | BB           | R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],OP_L_BLOCK)	
-| OP_METHOD"       | BB           | R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],OP_L_METHOD)	
-| OP_RANGE_INC'    | B            | R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),FALSE)	
-| OP_RANGE_EXC'    | B            | R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),TRUE)	
-| OP_OCLASS'       | B            | R(a) = ::Object	
-| OP_CLASS"        | BB           | R(a) = newclass(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1))	
-| OP_MODULE"       | BB           | R(a) = newmodule(R(a),Syms(b))	
-| OP_EXEC"         | BB           | R(a) = blockexec(R(a),SEQ[b])	
-| OP_DEF"          | BB           | R(a).newmethod(Syms(b),R(a+1))	
-| OP_ALIAS'        | B            | alias_method(R(a),R(a+1),R(a+2))	
-| OP_UNDEF"        | BB           | undef_method(R(a),Syms(b))	
-| OP_SCLASS'       | B            | R(a) = R(a).singleton_class	
-| OP_TCLASS'       | B            | R(a) = target_class	
-| OP_ERR'          | B            | raise(RuntimeError, Lit(Bx))	
-| OP_EXT1          | -            | make 1st operand 16bit	
-| OP_EXT2          | -            | make 2nd operand 16bit	
-| OP_EXT3          | -            | make 1st and 2nd operands 16bit	
-| OP_STOP          | -            | stop VM	
+| Instruction Name | Operand type | Semantics                                              |
+|------------------|--------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
+| OP_NOP           | -            | no operation                                           |
+| OP_MOVE          | BB           | R(a) = R(b)                                            |
+| OP_LOADL         | BB           | R(a) = Pool(b)                                         |
+| OP_LOADI         | BB           | R(a) = mrb_int(b)                                      |
+| OP_LOADINEG      | BB           | R(a) = mrb_int(-b)                                     |
+| OP_LOADI__1      | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(-1)                                     |
+| OP_LOADI_0       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(0)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_1       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(1)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_2       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(2)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_3       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(3)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_4       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(4)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_5       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(5)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_6       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(6)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_7       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(7)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI16       | BsS          | R(a) = mrb_int(b)                                      |
+| OP_LOADSYM       | BB           | R(a) = Syms(b)                                         |
+| OP_LOADNIL       | B            | R(a) = nil                                             |
+| OP_LOADSELF      | B            | R(a) = self                                            |
+| OP_LOADT         | B            | R(a) = true                                            |
+| OP_LOADF         | B            | R(a) = false                                           |
+| OP_GETGV         | BB           | R(a) = getglobal(Syms(b))                              |
+| OP_SETGV         | BB           | setglobal(Syms(b), R(a))                               |
+| OP_GETSV         | BB           | R(a) = Special[Syms(b)]                                |
+| OP_SETSV         | BB           | Special[Syms(b)] = R(a)                                |
+| OP_GETIV         | BB           | R(a) = ivget(Syms(b))                                  |
+| OP_SETIV         | BB           | ivset(Syms(b),R(a))                                    |
+| OP_GETCV         | BB           | R(a) = cvget(Syms(b))                                  |
+| OP_SETCV         | BB           | cvset(Syms(b),R(a))                                    |
+| OP_GETCONST      | BB           | R(a) = constget(Syms(b))                               |
+| OP_SETCONST      | BB           | constset(Syms(b),R(a))                                 |
+| OP_GETMCNST      | BB           | R(a) = R(a)::Syms(b)                                   |
+| OP_SETMCNST      | BB           | R(a+1)::Syms(b) = R(a)                                 |
+| OP_GETUPVAR      | BBB          | R(a) = uvget(b,c)                                      |
+| OP_SETUPVAR      | BBB          | uvset(b,c,R(a))                                        |
+| OP_JMP           | S            | pc=a                                                   |
+| OP_JMPIF         | BS           | if R(a) pc=b                                           |
+| OP_JMPNOT        | BS           | if !R(a) pc=b                                          |
+| OP_JMPNIL        | BS           | if R(a)==nil pc=b                                      |
+| OP_JMPUW         | S            | unwind_and_jump_to(a)                                  |
+| OP_EXCEPT        | B            | R(a) = exc                                             |
+| OP_RESCUE        | BB           | R(b) = R(a).isa?(R(b))                                 |
+| OP_RAISEIF       | B            | raise(R(a)) if R(a)                                    |
+| OP_SENDV         | BB           | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),*R(a+1))                      |
+| OP_SENDVB        | BB           | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),*R(a+1),&R(a+2))              |
+| OP_SEND          | BBB          | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1),...,R(a+c))            |
+| OP_SENDB         | BBB          | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1),...,R(a+c),&R(a+c+1))  |
+| OP_CALL          | -            | R(0) = self.call(frame.argc, frame.argv)               |
+| OP_SUPER         | BB           | R(a) = super(R(a+1),... ,R(a+b+1))                     |
+| OP_ARGARY        | BS           | R(a) = argument array (16=5:1:5:1:4)                   |
+| OP_ENTER         | W            | arg setup according to flags (23=5:5:1:5:5:1:1)        |
+| OP_KEY_P         | BB           | R(a) = kdict.key?(Syms(b))                             |
+| OP_KEYEND        | -            | raise unless kdict.empty?                              |
+| OP_KARG          | BB           | R(a) = kdict[Syms(b)]; kdict.delete(Syms(b))           |
+| OP_RETURN        | B            | return R(a) (normal)                                   |
+| OP_RETURN_BLK    | B            | return R(a) (in-block return)                          |
+| OP_BREAK         | B            | break R(a)                                             |
+| OP_BLKPUSH       | BS           | R(a) = block (16=5:1:5:1:4)                            |
+| OP_ADD           | B            | R(a) = R(a)+R(a+1)                                     |
+| OP_ADDI          | BB           | R(a) = R(a)+mrb_int(b)                                 |
+| OP_SUB           | B            | R(a) = R(a)-R(a+1)                                     |
+| OP_SUBI          | BB           | R(a) = R(a)-mrb_int(b)                                 |
+| OP_MUL           | B            | R(a) = R(a)*R(a+1)                                     |
+| OP_DIV           | B            | R(a) = R(a)/R(a+1)                                     |
+| OP_EQ            | B            | R(a) = R(a)==R(a+1)                                    |
+| OP_LT            | B            | R(a) = R(a)<R(a+1)                                     |
+| OP_LE            | B            | R(a) = R(a)<=R(a+1)                                    |
+| OP_GT            | B            | R(a) = R(a)>R(a+1)                                     |
+| OP_GE            | B            | R(a) = R(a)>=R(a+1)                                    |
+| OP_ARRAY         | BB           | R(a) = ary_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b))                    |
+| OP_ARRAY2        | BBB          | R(a) = ary_new(R(b),R(b+1)..R(b+c))                    |
+| OP_ARYCAT        | B            | ary_cat(R(a),R(a+1))                                   |
+| OP_ARYPUSH       | B            | ary_push(R(a),R(a+1))                                  |
+| OP_ARYDUP        | B            | R(a) = ary_dup(R(a))                                   |
+| OP_AREF          | BBB          | R(a) = R(b)[c]                                         |
+| OP_ASET          | BBB          | R(a)[c] = R(b)                                         |
+| OP_APOST         | BBB          | *R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+c) = R(a)[b..]                       |
+| OP_INTERN        | B            | R(a) = intern(R(a))                                    |
+| OP_STRING        | BB           | R(a) = str_dup(Lit(b))                                 |
+| OP_STRCAT        | B            | str_cat(R(a),R(a+1))                                   |
+| OP_HASH          | BB           | R(a) = hash_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b))                   |
+| OP_HASHADD       | BB           | R(a) = hash_push(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b))                  |
+| OP_HASHCAT       | B            | R(a) = hash_cat(R(a),R(a+1))                           |
+| OP_LAMBDA        | BB           | R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],OP_L_LAMBDA)                      |
+| OP_BLOCK         | BB           | R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],OP_L_BLOCK)                       |
+| OP_METHOD        | BB           | R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],OP_L_METHOD)                      |
+| OP_RANGE_INC     | B            | R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),FALSE)                    |
+| OP_RANGE_EXC     | B            | R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),TRUE)                     |
+| OP_OCLASS        | B            | R(a) = ::Object                                        |
+| OP_CLASS         | BB           | R(a) = newclass(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1))                   |
+| OP_MODULE        | BB           | R(a) = newmodule(R(a),Syms(b))                         |
+| OP_EXEC          | BB           | R(a) = blockexec(R(a),SEQ[b])                          |
+| OP_DEF           | BB           | R(a).newmethod(Syms(b),R(a+1))                         |
+| OP_ALIAS         | BB           | alias_method(target_class,Syms(a),Syms(b))             |
+| OP_UNDEF         | B            | undef_method(target_class,Syms(a))                     |
+| OP_SCLASS        | B            | R(a) = R(a).singleton_class                            |
+| OP_TCLASS        | B            | R(a) = target_class                                    |
+| OP_DEBUG         | BBB          | print a,b,c                                            |
+| OP_ERR           | B            | raise(LocalJumpError, Lit(a))                          |
+| OP_STOP          | -            | stop VM                                                |
+|------------------|--------------|--------------------------------------------------------|

examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example/mrblib/example.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 module CRubyExtension
   def CRubyExtension.ruby_method
-    puts "A Ruby Extension"
+    puts "#{self}: A Ruby Extension"
   end
 end

examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example/src/example.c

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 #include <mruby.h>
+#include <mruby/string.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 static mrb_value
 mrb_c_method(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
-  puts("A C Extension");
+  mrb_value self_str = mrb_str_to_str(mrb, self);
+
+  printf("%s: A C Extension\n", mrb_str_to_cstr(mrb, self_str));
+
   return self;
 }
 

examples/mrbgems/c_extension_example/src/example.c

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 #include <mruby.h>
+#include <mruby/string.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 static mrb_value
 mrb_c_method(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
-  puts("A C Extension");
+  mrb_value self_str = mrb_str_to_str(mrb, self);
+
+  printf("%s: A C Extension\n", mrb_str_to_cstr(mrb, self_str));
+
   return self;
 }
 

examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example/mrblib/example.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 class RubyExtension
   def RubyExtension.ruby_method
-    puts "A Ruby Extension"
+    puts "#{self}: A Ruby Extension"
   end
 end

examples/targets/build_config_android_arm64-v8a.rb

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-end
-
-# Requires Android NDK r13 or later.
-MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-arm64-v8a') do |conf|
-  params = {
-    :arch => 'arm64-v8a',
-    :platform => 'android-24',
-    :toolchain => :clang,
-  }
-  toolchain :android, params
-
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-end

examples/targets/build_config_android_armeabi.rb

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-end
-
-# Requires Android NDK r13 or later.
-MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-armeabi') do |conf|
-  params = {
-    :arch => 'armeabi',
-    :platform => 'android-24',
-    :toolchain => :clang,
-  }
-  toolchain :android, params
-
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-end

include/mrbconf.h

@@ -25,32 +25,69 @@
 #endif
 
 /* configuration options: */
-/* add -DMRB_USE_FLOAT to use float instead of double for floating point numbers */
-//#define MRB_USE_FLOAT
+/* add -DMRB_USE_FLOAT32 to use float instead of double for floating point numbers */
+//#define MRB_USE_FLOAT32
 
 /* exclude floating point numbers */
-//#define MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+//#define MRB_NO_FLOAT
 
-/* add -DMRB_METHOD_CACHE to use method cache to improve performance */
-//#define MRB_METHOD_CACHE
+/* obsolete configuration */
+#if defined(MRB_USE_FLOAT)
+# define MRB_USE_FLOAT32
+#endif
+
+/* obsolete configuration */
+#if defined(MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT)
+# define MRB_NO_FLOAT
+#endif
+
+#if defined(MRB_USE_FLOAT32) && defined(MRB_NO_FLOAT)
+#error Cannot define MRB_USE_FLOAT32 and MRB_NO_FLOAT at the same time
+#endif
+
+/* add -DMRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE to disable method cache to save memory */
+//#define MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
 /* size of the method cache (need to be the power of 2) */
-//#define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<7)
+//#define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<8)
 
-/* add -DMRB_METHOD_T_STRUCT on machines that use higher bits of pointers */
-/* no MRB_METHOD_T_STRUCT requires highest 2 bits of function pointers to be zero */
-#ifndef MRB_METHOD_T_STRUCT
-  // can't use highest 2 bits of function pointers on 32bit Windows.
-# if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN64)
-#   define MRB_METHOD_T_STRUCT
+/* add -DMRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT on machines that use higher bits of function pointers */
+/* no MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT requires highest 2 bits of function pointers to be zero */
+#ifndef MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
+  // can't use highest 2 bits of function pointers at least on 32bit
+  // Windows and 32bit Linux.
+# ifdef MRB_32BIT
+#   define MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
 # endif
 #endif
 
+/* define on big endian machines; used by MRB_NAN_BOXING, etc. */
+#ifndef MRB_ENDIAN_BIG
+# if (defined(BYTE_ORDER) && defined(BIG_ENDIAN) && BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN) || \
+     (defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && defined(__ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__) && __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
+#  define MRB_ENDIAN_BIG
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* represent mrb_value in boxed double; conflict with MRB_USE_FLOAT32 and MRB_NO_FLOAT */
+//#define MRB_NAN_BOXING
+
+/* represent mrb_value as a word (natural unit of data for the processor) */
+//#define MRB_WORD_BOXING
+
+/* represent mrb_value as a struct; occupies 2 words */
+//#define MRB_NO_BOXING
+
+/* if no specific boxing type is chosen */
+#if !defined(MRB_NAN_BOXING) && !defined(MRB_WORD_BOXING) && !defined(MRB_NO_BOXING)
+# define MRB_WORD_BOXING
+#endif
+
 /* add -DMRB_INT32 to use 32bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT64;
    Default for 32-bit CPU mode. */
 //#define MRB_INT32
 
 /* add -DMRB_INT64 to use 64bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT32;
-   Default for 64-bit CPU mode. */
+   Default for 64-bit CPU mode (unless using MRB_NAN_BOXING). */
 //#define MRB_INT64
 
 /* if no specific integer type is chosen */
@@ -64,19 +101,8 @@
 # endif
 #endif
 
-/* define on big endian machines; used by MRB_NAN_BOXING, etc. */
-#ifndef MRB_ENDIAN_BIG
-# if (defined(BYTE_ORDER) && defined(BIG_ENDIAN) && BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN) || \
-     (defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && defined(__ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__) && __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
-#  define MRB_ENDIAN_BIG
-# endif
-#endif
-
-/* represent mrb_value in boxed double; conflict with MRB_USE_FLOAT and MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT */
-//#define MRB_NAN_BOXING
-
-/* represent mrb_value as a word (natural unit of data for the processor) */
-//#define MRB_WORD_BOXING
+/* call malloc_trim(0) from mrb_full_gc() */
+//#define MRB_USE_MALLOC_TRIM
 
 /* string class to handle UTF-8 encoding */
 //#define MRB_UTF8_STRING
@@ -107,9 +133,6 @@
 /* page size of memory pool */
 //#define POOL_PAGE_SIZE 16000
 
-/* initial minimum size for string buffer */
-//#define MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE 128
-
 /* arena size */
 //#define MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE 100
 
@@ -122,26 +145,39 @@
 /* fixed size state atexit stack */
 //#define MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK
 
-/* -DMRB_DISABLE_XXXX to drop following features */
-//#define MRB_DISABLE_STDIO /* use of stdio */
+/* -DMRB_NO_XXXX to drop following features */
+//#define MRB_NO_STDIO /* use of stdio */
 
-/* -DMRB_ENABLE_XXXX to enable following features */
-//#define MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK /* hooks for debugger */
-//#define MRB_ENABLE_ALL_SYMBOLS /* Symbols.all_symbols */
+/* -DMRB_USE_XXXX to enable following features */
+//#define MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK /* hooks for debugger */
+//#define MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS /* Symbol.all_symbols */
+
+/* obsolete configurations */
+#ifdef MRB_METHOD_T_STRUCT
+# define MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
+#endif
+#if defined(DISABLE_STDIO) || defined(MRB_DISABLE_STDIO)
+# define MRB_NO_STDIO
+#endif
+#ifdef MRB_DISABLE_DIRECT_THREADING
+# define MRB_NO_DIRECT_THREADING
+#endif
+#if defined(ENABLE_DEBUG) || defined(MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK)
+# define MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK
+#endif
+#ifdef MRB_ENABLE_ALL_SYMBOLS
+# define MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS
+#endif
+#ifdef MRB_ENABLE_CXX_ABI
+# define MRB_USE_CXX_ABI
+#endif
+#ifdef MRB_ENABLE_CXX_EXCEPTION
+# define MRB_USE_CXX_EXCEPTION
+#endif
 
 /* end of configuration */
 
-/* define MRB_DISABLE_XXXX from DISABLE_XXX (for compatibility) */
-#ifdef DISABLE_STDIO
-#define MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
-#endif
-
-/* define MRB_ENABLE_XXXX from ENABLE_XXX (for compatibility) */
-#ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG
-#define MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK
-#endif
-
-#ifndef MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
+#ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
 # include <stdio.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -159,12 +195,12 @@
 
 /* A profile for micro controllers */
 #if defined(MRB_CONSTRAINED_BASELINE_PROFILE)
-# ifndef KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE
-#  define KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE 16
+# ifndef MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
+#  define MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
 # endif
 
-# ifndef MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE
-#  define MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE 32
+# ifndef KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE
+#  define KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE 16
 # endif
 
 # ifndef MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE
@@ -176,36 +212,20 @@
 
 /* A profile for desktop computers or workstations; rich memory! */
 #elif defined(MRB_MAIN_PROFILE)
-# ifndef MRB_METHOD_CACHE
-#  define MRB_METHOD_CACHE
-# endif
-
 # ifndef MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE
 #  define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<10)
 # endif
 
-# ifndef MRB_IV_SEGMENT_SIZE
-#  define MRB_IV_SEGMENT_SIZE 32
-# endif
-
 # ifndef MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE
 #  define MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE 4096
 # endif
 
 /* A profile for server; mruby vm is long life */
 #elif defined(MRB_HIGH_PROFILE)
-# ifndef MRB_METHOD_CACHE
-#  define MRB_METHOD_CACHE
-# endif
-
 # ifndef MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE
 #  define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<12)
 # endif
 
-# ifndef MRB_IV_SEGMENT_SIZE
-#  define MRB_IV_SEGMENT_SIZE 64
-# endif
-
 # ifndef MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE
 #  define MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE 4096
 # endif

include/mruby.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 ** mruby - An embeddable Ruby implementation
 **
-** Copyright (c) mruby developers 2010-2020
+** Copyright (c) mruby developers 2010-2021
 **
 ** Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 ** a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 ** TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
 ** SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 **
-** [ MIT license: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php ]
+** [ MIT license: https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php ]
 */
 
 /**
@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+# define __func__ __FUNCTION__
+#endif
+
 #ifdef MRB_DEBUG
 #include <assert.h>
 #define mrb_assert(p) assert(p)
@@ -62,11 +66,27 @@
 #define mrb_assert_int_fit(t1,n,t2,max) ((void)0)
 #endif
 
-#if defined __STDC_VERSION__ && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L
-#define mrb_static_assert(exp, str) _Static_assert(exp, str)
+#if (defined __cplusplus && __cplusplus >= 201103L) || \
+    (defined _MSC_VER) || \
+    (defined __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__)  /* for old G++/Clang++ */
+# define mrb_static_assert(exp, str) static_assert(exp, str)
+#elif defined __STDC_VERSION__ && \
+        ((__STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L) || \
+         (defined __GNUC__ && __GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 406))
+# define mrb_static_assert(exp, str) _Static_assert(exp, str)
 #else
-#define mrb_static_assert(exp, str) mrb_assert(exp)
+# /* alternative implementation of static_assert() */
+# define _mrb_static_assert_cat0(a, b) a##b
+# define _mrb_static_assert_cat(a, b) _mrb_static_assert_cat0(a, b)
+# ifdef __COUNTER__
+#  define _mrb_static_assert_id(prefix) _mrb_static_assert_cat(prefix, __COUNTER__)
+# else
+#  define _mrb_static_assert_id(prefix) _mrb_static_assert_cat(prefix, __LINE__)
+# endif
+# define mrb_static_assert(exp, str) \
+   struct _mrb_static_assert_id(_mrb_static_assert_) { char x[(exp) ? 1 : -1]; }
 #endif
+#define mrb_static_assert1(exp) mrb_static_assert(exp, #exp)
 
 #include "mrbconf.h"
 
@@ -75,7 +95,8 @@
 #include <mruby/gc.h>
 #include <mruby/version.h>
 
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+#include <float.h>
 #ifndef FLT_EPSILON
 #define FLT_EPSILON (1.19209290e-07f)
 #endif
@@ -86,7 +107,7 @@
 #define LDBL_EPSILON (1.08420217248550443401e-19L)
 #endif
 
-#ifdef MRB_USE_FLOAT
+#ifdef MRB_USE_FLOAT32
 #define MRB_FLOAT_EPSILON FLT_EPSILON
 #else
 #define MRB_FLOAT_EPSILON DBL_EPSILON
@@ -129,16 +150,15 @@ typedef void* (*mrb_allocf) (struct mrb_state *mrb, void*, size_t, void *ud);
 
 typedef struct {
   mrb_sym mid;
-  struct RProc *proc;
-  mrb_value *stackent;
-  uint16_t ridx;
-  uint16_t epos;
-  struct REnv *env;
-  const mrb_code *pc;           /* return address */
-  const mrb_code *err;          /* error position */
-  int argc;
-  int acc;
-  struct RClass *target_class;
+  int16_t argc;
+  int16_t acc;
+  const struct RProc *proc;
+  mrb_value *stack;
+  const mrb_code *pc;           /* current address on iseq of this proc */
+  union {
+    struct REnv *env;
+    struct RClass *target_class;
+  } u;
 } mrb_callinfo;
 
 enum mrb_fiber_state {
@@ -153,28 +173,22 @@ enum mrb_fiber_state {
 struct mrb_context {
   struct mrb_context *prev;
 
-  mrb_value *stack;                       /* stack of virtual machine */
-  mrb_value *stbase, *stend;
+  mrb_value *stbase, *stend;              /* stack of virtual machine */
 
   mrb_callinfo *ci;
   mrb_callinfo *cibase, *ciend;
 
-  uint16_t *rescue;                       /* exception handler stack */
-  uint16_t rsize;
-  struct RProc **ensure;                  /* ensure handler stack */
-  uint16_t esize, eidx;
-
-  enum mrb_fiber_state status;
-  mrb_bool vmexec;
+  enum mrb_fiber_state status : 4;
+  mrb_bool vmexec : 1;
   struct RFiber *fib;
 };
 
 #ifdef MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE
-# define MRB_METHOD_CACHE
+# undef MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
 #else
-/* default method cache size: 128 */
+/* default method cache size: 256 */
 /* cache size needs to be power of 2 */
-# define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<7)
+# define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<8)
 #endif
 
 /**
@@ -188,7 +202,7 @@ struct mrb_context {
  */
 typedef mrb_value (*mrb_func_t)(struct mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
 
-#ifndef MRB_METHOD_T_STRUCT
+#ifndef MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
 typedef uintptr_t mrb_method_t;
 #else
 typedef struct {
@@ -200,7 +214,7 @@ typedef struct {
 } mrb_method_t;
 #endif
 
-#ifdef MRB_METHOD_CACHE
+#ifndef MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
 struct mrb_cache_entry {
   struct RClass *c, *c0;
   mrb_sym mid;
@@ -234,10 +248,10 @@ typedef struct mrb_state {
   struct RClass *hash_class;
   struct RClass *range_class;
 
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
   struct RClass *float_class;
 #endif
-  struct RClass *fixnum_class;
+  struct RClass *integer_class;
   struct RClass *true_class;
   struct RClass *false_class;
   struct RClass *nil_class;
@@ -246,7 +260,7 @@ typedef struct mrb_state {
 
   mrb_gc gc;
 
-#ifdef MRB_METHOD_CACHE
+#ifndef MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
   struct mrb_cache_entry cache[MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE];
 #endif
 
@@ -254,13 +268,13 @@ typedef struct mrb_state {
   struct symbol_name *symtbl;   /* symbol table */
   mrb_sym symhash[256];
   size_t symcapa;
-#ifndef MRB_ENABLE_SYMBOLL_ALL
+#ifndef MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS
   char symbuf[8];               /* buffer for small symbol names */
 #endif
 
-#ifdef MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK
-  void (*code_fetch_hook)(struct mrb_state* mrb, struct mrb_irep *irep, const mrb_code *pc, mrb_value *regs);
-  void (*debug_op_hook)(struct mrb_state* mrb, struct mrb_irep *irep, const mrb_code *pc, mrb_value *regs);
+#ifdef MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK
+  void (*code_fetch_hook)(struct mrb_state* mrb, const struct mrb_irep *irep, const mrb_code *pc, mrb_value *regs);
+  void (*debug_op_hook)(struct mrb_state* mrb, const struct mrb_irep *irep, const mrb_code *pc, mrb_value *regs);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef MRB_BYTECODE_DECODE_OPTION
@@ -272,7 +286,7 @@ typedef struct mrb_state {
   struct RObject *nomem_err;              /* pre-allocated NoMemoryError */
   struct RObject *stack_err;              /* pre-allocated SysStackError */
 #ifdef MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA
-  struct RObject *arena_err;              /* pre-allocated arena overfow error */
+  struct RObject *arena_err;              /* pre-allocated arena overflow error */
 #endif
 
   void *ud; /* auxiliary data */
@@ -283,7 +297,6 @@ typedef struct mrb_state {
   mrb_atexit_func *atexit_stack;
 #endif
   uint16_t atexit_stack_len;
-  uint16_t ecall_nest;                    /* prevent infinite recursive ecall() */
 } mrb_state;
 
 /**
@@ -308,6 +321,7 @@ typedef struct mrb_state {
  * @see mrb_define_class_under
  */
 MRB_API struct RClass *mrb_define_class(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name, struct RClass *super);
+MRB_API struct RClass *mrb_define_class_id(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_sym name, struct RClass *super);
 
 /**
  * Defines a new module.
@@ -317,7 +331,10 @@ MRB_API struct RClass *mrb_define_class(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name, struct
  * @return [struct RClass *] Reference to the newly defined module.
  */
 MRB_API struct RClass *mrb_define_module(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name);
+MRB_API struct RClass *mrb_define_module_id(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_sym name);
+
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_singleton_class(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val);
+MRB_API struct RClass *mrb_singleton_class_ptr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val);
 
 /**
  * Include a module in another class or module.
@@ -370,6 +387,7 @@ MRB_API void mrb_prepend_module(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *cla, struct RClas
  * @param aspec The method parameters declaration.
  */
 MRB_API void mrb_define_method(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *cla, const char *name, mrb_func_t func, mrb_aspec aspec);
+MRB_API void mrb_define_method_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, mrb_sym mid, mrb_func_t func, mrb_aspec aspec);
 
 /**
  * Defines a class method.
@@ -397,6 +415,7 @@ MRB_API void mrb_define_method(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *cla, const char *n
  * @param aspec The method parameters declaration.
  */
 MRB_API void mrb_define_class_method(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *cla, const char *name, mrb_func_t fun, mrb_aspec aspec);
+MRB_API void mrb_define_class_method_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *cla, mrb_sym name, mrb_func_t fun, mrb_aspec aspec);
 
 /**
  * Defines a singleton method
@@ -404,6 +423,7 @@ MRB_API void mrb_define_class_method(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *cla, const c
  * @see mrb_define_class_method
  */
 MRB_API void mrb_define_singleton_method(mrb_state *mrb, struct RObject *cla, const char *name, mrb_func_t fun, mrb_aspec aspec);
+MRB_API void mrb_define_singleton_method_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RObject *cla, mrb_sym name, mrb_func_t fun, mrb_aspec aspec);
 
 /**
  *  Defines a module function.
@@ -431,6 +451,7 @@ MRB_API void mrb_define_singleton_method(mrb_state *mrb, struct RObject *cla, co
  *  @param aspec The method parameters declaration.
  */
 MRB_API void mrb_define_module_function(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *cla, const char *name, mrb_func_t fun, mrb_aspec aspec);
+MRB_API void mrb_define_module_function_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *cla, mrb_sym name, mrb_func_t fun, mrb_aspec aspec);
 
 /**
  *  Defines a constant.
@@ -459,6 +480,7 @@ MRB_API void mrb_define_module_function(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *cla, cons
  *  @param val The value for the constant.
  */
 MRB_API void mrb_define_const(mrb_state* mrb, struct RClass* cla, const char *name, mrb_value val);
+MRB_API void mrb_define_const_id(mrb_state* mrb, struct RClass* cla, mrb_sym name, mrb_value val);
 
 /**
  * Undefines a method.
@@ -549,6 +571,7 @@ MRB_API void mrb_undef_method_id(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, mrb_sym);
  * @param name The name of the class method to be undefined.
  */
 MRB_API void mrb_undef_class_method(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *cls, const char *name);
+MRB_API void mrb_undef_class_method_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *cls, mrb_sym name);
 
 /**
  * Initialize a new object instance of c class.
@@ -650,6 +673,7 @@ MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_module_new(mrb_state *mrb);
  * @return [mrb_bool] A boolean value.
  */
 MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_class_defined(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name);
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_class_defined_id(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_sym name);
 
 /**
  * Gets a class.
@@ -657,7 +681,8 @@ MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_class_defined(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name);
  * @param name The name of the class.
  * @return [struct RClass *] A reference to the class.
 */
-MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_class_get(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name);
+MRB_API struct RClass* mrb_class_get(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name);
+MRB_API struct RClass* mrb_class_get_id(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_sym name);
 
 /**
  * Gets a exception class.
@@ -665,7 +690,8 @@ MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_class_get(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name);
  * @param name The name of the class.
  * @return [struct RClass *] A reference to the class.
 */
-MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_exc_get(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name);
+MRB_API struct RClass* mrb_exc_get_id(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_sym name);
+#define mrb_exc_get(mrb, name) mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, mrb_intern_cstr(mrb, name))
 
 /**
  * Returns an mrb_bool. True if inner class was defined, and false if the inner class was not defined.
@@ -697,6 +723,7 @@ MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_exc_get(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name);
  * @return [mrb_bool] A boolean value.
  */
 MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_class_defined_under(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer, const char *name);
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_class_defined_under_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer, mrb_sym name);
 
 /**
  * Gets a child class.
@@ -706,6 +733,7 @@ MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_class_defined_under(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer, c
  * @return [struct RClass *] A reference to the class.
 */
 MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_class_get_under(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer, const char *name);
+MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_class_get_under_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer, mrb_sym name);
 
 /**
  * Gets a module.
@@ -714,6 +742,7 @@ MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_class_get_under(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer
  * @return [struct RClass *] A reference to the module.
 */
 MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_module_get(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name);
+MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_module_get_id(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_sym name);
 
 /**
  * Gets a module defined under another module.
@@ -723,6 +752,8 @@ MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_module_get(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name);
  * @return [struct RClass *] A reference to the module.
 */
 MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_module_get_under(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer, const char *name);
+MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_module_get_under_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer, mrb_sym name);
+
 /* a function to raise NotImplementedError with current method name */
 MRB_API void mrb_notimplement(mrb_state*);
 /* a function to be replacement of unimplemented method */
@@ -791,9 +822,11 @@ MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_obj_respond_to(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass* c, mrb_sym mi
  * @return [struct RClass *] Reference to the newly defined class
  * @see mrb_define_class
  */
-MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_define_class_under(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer, const char *name, struct RClass *super);
+MRB_API struct RClass* mrb_define_class_under(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer, const char *name, struct RClass *super);
+MRB_API struct RClass* mrb_define_class_under_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer, mrb_sym name, struct RClass *super);
 
-MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_define_module_under(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer, const char *name);
+MRB_API struct RClass* mrb_define_module_under(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer, const char *name);
+MRB_API struct RClass* mrb_define_module_under_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *outer, mrb_sym name);
 
 /**
  * Function requires n arguments.
@@ -857,17 +890,17 @@ MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_define_module_under(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *o
  * | `S`  | {String}       | {mrb_value}       | when `!` follows, the value may be `nil`           |
  * | `A`  | {Array}        | {mrb_value}       | when `!` follows, the value may be `nil`           |
  * | `H`  | {Hash}         | {mrb_value}       | when `!` follows, the value may be `nil`           |
- * | `s`  | {String}       | char *, {mrb_int} | Receive two arguments; `s!` gives (`NULL`,`0`) for `nil`        |
- * | `z`  | {String}       | char *            | `NULL` terminated string; `z!` gives `NULL` for `nil`           |
- * | `a`  | {Array}        | {mrb_value} *, {mrb_int} | Receive two arguments; `a!` gives (`NULL`,`0`) for `nil` |
- * | `f`  | {Fixnum}/{Float} | {mrb_float}       |                                                    |
- * | `i`  | {Fixnum}/{Float} | {mrb_int}         |                                                    |
+ * | `s`  | {String}       | const char *, {mrb_int} | Receive two arguments; `s!` gives (`NULL`,`0`) for `nil` |
+ * | `z`  | {String}       | const char *      | `NULL` terminated string; `z!` gives `NULL` for `nil` |
+ * | `a`  | {Array}        | const {mrb_value} *, {mrb_int} | Receive two arguments; `a!` gives (`NULL`,`0`) for `nil` |
+ * | `f`  | {Integer}/{Float} | {mrb_float}    |                                                    |
+ * | `i`  | {Integer}/{Float} | {mrb_int}      |                                                    |
  * | `b`  | boolean        | {mrb_bool}        |                                                    |
  * | `n`  | {String}/{Symbol} | {mrb_sym}         |                                                    |
  * | `d`  | data           | void *, {mrb_data_type} const | 2nd argument will be used to check data type so it won't be modified; when `!` follows, the value may be `nil` |
  * | `I`  | inline struct  | void *          |                                                    |
  * | `&`  | block          | {mrb_value}       | &! raises exception if no block given.             |
- * | `*`  | rest arguments | {mrb_value} *, {mrb_int} | Receive the rest of arguments as an array; `*!` avoid copy of the stack.  |
+ * | `*`  | rest arguments | const {mrb_value} *, {mrb_int} | Receive the rest of arguments as an array; `*!` avoid copy of the stack.  |
  * | <code>\|</code> | optional     |                   | After this spec following specs would be optional. |
  * | `?`  | optional given | {mrb_bool}        | `TRUE` if preceding argument is given. Used to check optional argument is given. |
  * | `:`  | keyword args   | {mrb_kwargs} const | Get keyword arguments. @see mrb_kwargs |
@@ -899,7 +932,7 @@ typedef const char *mrb_args_format;
  *      const char *kw_names[kw_num] = { "a", "b" };
  *      uint32_t kw_required = 0;
  *      mrb_value kw_values[kw_num];
- *      const mrb_kwargs kwargs = { kw_num, kw_values, kw_names, kw_required, NULL };
+ *      const mrb_kwargs kwargs = { kw_num, kw_required, kw_names, kw_values, NULL };
  *
  *      mrb_get_args(mrb, ":", &kwargs);
  *      if (mrb_undef_p(kw_values[0])) { kw_values[0] = mrb_fixnum_value(1); }
@@ -910,10 +943,10 @@ typedef const char *mrb_args_format;
  *
  *      mrb_value str, kw_rest;
  *      uint32_t kw_num = 3;
- *      const char *kw_names[kw_num] = { "x", "y", "z" };
+ *      const mrb_sym kw_names[kw_num] = { MRB_SYM(x), MRB_SYM(y), MRB_SYM(z) };
  *      uint32_t kw_required = 1;
  *      mrb_value kw_values[kw_num];
- *      const mrb_kwargs kwargs = { kw_num, kw_values, kw_names, kw_required, &kw_rest };
+ *      const mrb_kwargs kwargs = { kw_num, kw_required, kw_names, kw_values, &kw_rest };
  *
  *      mrb_get_args(mrb, "S:", &str, &kwargs);
  *      // or: mrb_get_args(mrb, ":S", &kwargs, &str);
@@ -924,11 +957,11 @@ typedef struct mrb_kwargs mrb_kwargs;
 
 struct mrb_kwargs
 {
-  uint32_t num;
-  mrb_value *values;
-  const char *const *table;
-  uint32_t required;
-  mrb_value *rest;
+  uint32_t num;                 /* number of keyword arguments */
+  uint32_t required;            /* number of required keyword arguments */
+  const mrb_sym *table;         /* C array of symbols for keyword names */
+  mrb_value *values;            /* keyword argument values */
+  mrb_value *rest;              /* keyword rest (dict) */
 };
 
 /**
@@ -956,7 +989,20 @@ mrb_get_mid(mrb_state *mrb) /* get method symbol */
  */
 MRB_API mrb_int mrb_get_argc(mrb_state *mrb);
 
-MRB_API mrb_value* mrb_get_argv(mrb_state *mrb);
+/**
+ * Retrieve an array of arguments from mrb_state.
+ *
+ * Correctly handles *splat arguments.
+ */
+MRB_API const mrb_value *mrb_get_argv(mrb_state *mrb);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the first and only argument from mrb_state.
+ * Raises ArgumentError unless the number of arguments is exactly one.
+ *
+ * Correctly handles *splat arguments.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_get_arg1(mrb_state *mrb);
 
 /* `strlen` for character string literals (use with caution or `strlen` instead)
     Adjacent string literals are concatenated in C/C++ in translation phase 6.
@@ -985,6 +1031,7 @@ MRB_API mrb_value* mrb_get_argv(mrb_state *mrb);
  *        FILE *fp = fopen("test.rb","r");
  *        mrb_value obj = mrb_load_file(mrb,fp);
  *        mrb_funcall(mrb, obj, "method_name", 1, mrb_fixnum_value(i));
+ *        mrb_funcall_id(mrb, obj, MRB_SYM(method_name), 1, mrb_fixnum_value(i));
  *        fclose(fp);
  *        mrb_close(mrb);
  *      }
@@ -997,6 +1044,7 @@ MRB_API mrb_value* mrb_get_argv(mrb_state *mrb);
  * @return [mrb_value] mruby function value.
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_funcall(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, const char *name, mrb_int argc, ...);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_funcall_id(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, mrb_sym mid, mrb_int argc, ...);
 /**
  * Call existing ruby functions. This is basically the type safe version of mrb_funcall.
  *
@@ -1006,15 +1054,14 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_funcall(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, const char *name, m
  *      int
  *      main()
  *      {
- *        mrb_int i = 99;
  *        mrb_state *mrb = mrb_open();
+ *        mrb_value obj = mrb_fixnum_value(1);
  *
  *        if (!mrb) { }
- *        mrb_sym m_sym = mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "method_name"); // Symbol for method.
  *
  *        FILE *fp = fopen("test.rb","r");
  *        mrb_value obj = mrb_load_file(mrb,fp);
- *        mrb_funcall_argv(mrb, obj, m_sym, 1, &obj); // Calling ruby function from test.rb.
+ *        mrb_funcall_argv(mrb, obj, MRB_SYM(method_name), 1, &obj); // Calling ruby function from test.rb.
  *        fclose(fp);
  *        mrb_close(mrb);
  *       }
@@ -1032,7 +1079,8 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_funcall_argv(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, mrb_sym name,
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_funcall_with_block(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, mrb_sym name, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv, mrb_value block);
 /**
- * Create a symbol
+ * Create a symbol from C string. But usually it's better to use MRB_SYM,
+ * MRB_OPSYM, MRB_CVSYM, MRB_IVSYM, MRB_SYM_B, MRB_SYM_Q, MRB_SYM_E macros.
  *
  * Example:
  *
@@ -1040,7 +1088,9 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_funcall_with_block(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, mrb_sym
  *     :pizza # => :pizza
  *
  *     // C style:
- *     mrb_sym m_sym = mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "pizza"); //  => :pizza
+ *     mrb_sym sym1 = mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "pizza"); //  => :pizza
+ *     mrb_sym sym2 = MRB_SYM(pizza);               //  => :pizza
+ *     mrb_sym sym3 = MRB_SYM_Q(pizza);             //  => :pizza?
  *
  * @param mrb The current mruby state.
  * @param str The string to be symbolized
@@ -1049,8 +1099,14 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_funcall_with_block(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, mrb_sym
 MRB_API mrb_sym mrb_intern_cstr(mrb_state *mrb, const char* str);
 MRB_API mrb_sym mrb_intern(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t);
 MRB_API mrb_sym mrb_intern_static(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t);
-#define mrb_intern_lit(mrb, lit) mrb_intern_static(mrb, lit, mrb_strlen_lit(lit))
+#define mrb_intern_lit(mrb, lit) mrb_intern_static(mrb, (lit ""), mrb_strlen_lit(lit))
 MRB_API mrb_sym mrb_intern_str(mrb_state*,mrb_value);
+/* mrb_intern_check series functions returns 0 if the symbol is not defined */
+MRB_API mrb_sym mrb_intern_check_cstr(mrb_state*,const char*);
+MRB_API mrb_sym mrb_intern_check(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t);
+MRB_API mrb_sym mrb_intern_check_str(mrb_state*,mrb_value);
+/* mrb_check_intern series functions returns nil if the symbol is not defined */
+/* otherwise returns mrb_value */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_intern_cstr(mrb_state*,const char*);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_intern(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_intern_str(mrb_state*,mrb_value);
@@ -1148,10 +1204,9 @@ MRB_API void mrb_close(mrb_state *mrb);
 MRB_API void* mrb_default_allocf(mrb_state*, void*, size_t, void*);
 
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_top_self(mrb_state *mrb);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_run(mrb_state *mrb, struct RProc* proc, mrb_value self);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_top_run(mrb_state *mrb, struct RProc *proc, mrb_value self, unsigned int stack_keep);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_vm_run(mrb_state *mrb, struct RProc *proc, mrb_value self, unsigned int stack_keep);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_vm_exec(mrb_state *mrb, struct RProc *proc, const mrb_code *iseq);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_top_run(mrb_state *mrb, const struct RProc *proc, mrb_value self, mrb_int stack_keep);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_vm_run(mrb_state *mrb, const struct RProc *proc, mrb_value self, mrb_int stack_keep);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_vm_exec(mrb_state *mrb, const struct RProc *proc, const mrb_code *iseq);
 /* compatibility macros */
 #define mrb_toplevel_run_keep(m,p,k) mrb_top_run((m),(p),mrb_top_self(m),(k))
 #define mrb_toplevel_run(m,p) mrb_toplevel_run_keep((m),(p),0)
@@ -1166,7 +1221,7 @@ MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_obj_equal(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value a, mrb_value b);
 MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_equal(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj1, mrb_value obj2);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_convert_to_integer(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, mrb_int base);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_Integer(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val);
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_Float(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val);
 #endif
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_inspect(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj);
@@ -1199,12 +1254,15 @@ MRB_API void mrb_field_write_barrier(mrb_state *, struct RBasic*, struct RBasic*
 } while (0)
 MRB_API void mrb_write_barrier(mrb_state *, struct RBasic*);
 
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_convert_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, enum mrb_vtype type, const char *tname, const char *method);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_type_convert(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, enum mrb_vtype type, mrb_sym method);
+#define mrb_convert_type(mrb, val, type, tname, method) mrb_type_convert(mrb, val, type, mrb_intern_lit(mrb, method))
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_type_convert_check(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, enum mrb_vtype type, mrb_sym method);
+#define mrb_check_convert_type(mrb, val, type, tname, method) mrb_type_convert_check(mrb, val, type, mrb_intern_lit(mrb, method))
+
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_any_to_s(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj);
 MRB_API const char * mrb_obj_classname(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj);
 MRB_API struct RClass* mrb_obj_class(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_class_path(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_convert_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, enum mrb_vtype type, const char *tname, const char *method);
 MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_obj_is_kind_of(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj, struct RClass *c);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_obj_inspect(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_obj_clone(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
@@ -1245,26 +1303,26 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_vformat(mrb_state *mrb, const char *format, va_list ap);
    + those E_* macros requires mrb_state* variable named mrb.
    + exception objects obtained from those macros are local to mrb
 */
-#define E_RUNTIME_ERROR             (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "RuntimeError"))
-#define E_TYPE_ERROR                (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "TypeError"))
-#define E_ARGUMENT_ERROR            (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "ArgumentError"))
-#define E_INDEX_ERROR               (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "IndexError"))
-#define E_RANGE_ERROR               (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "RangeError"))
-#define E_NAME_ERROR                (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "NameError"))
-#define E_NOMETHOD_ERROR            (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "NoMethodError"))
-#define E_SCRIPT_ERROR              (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "ScriptError"))
-#define E_SYNTAX_ERROR              (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "SyntaxError"))
-#define E_LOCALJUMP_ERROR           (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "LocalJumpError"))
-#define E_REGEXP_ERROR              (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "RegexpError"))
-#define E_FROZEN_ERROR              (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "FrozenError"))
-
-#define E_NOTIMP_ERROR              (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "NotImplementedError"))
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
-#define E_FLOATDOMAIN_ERROR         (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "FloatDomainError"))
+#define MRB_ERROR_SYM(sym) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, #sym)
+#define E_RUNTIME_ERROR      mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(RuntimeError))
+#define E_TYPE_ERROR         mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(TypeError))
+#define E_ZERODIV_ERROR      mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(ZeroDivisionError))
+#define E_ARGUMENT_ERROR     mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(ArgumentError))
+#define E_INDEX_ERROR        mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(IndexError))
+#define E_RANGE_ERROR        mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(RangeError))
+#define E_NAME_ERROR         mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(NameError))
+#define E_NOMETHOD_ERROR     mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(NoMethodError))
+#define E_SCRIPT_ERROR       mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(ScriptError))
+#define E_SYNTAX_ERROR       mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(SyntaxError))
+#define E_LOCALJUMP_ERROR    mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(LocalJumpError))
+#define E_REGEXP_ERROR       mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(RegexpError))
+#define E_FROZEN_ERROR       mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(FrozenError))
+#define E_NOTIMP_ERROR       mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(NotImplementedError))
+#define E_KEY_ERROR          mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(KeyError))
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+# define E_FLOATDOMAIN_ERROR mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(FloatDomainError))
 #endif
 
-#define E_KEY_ERROR                 (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "KeyError"))
-
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_yield(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value b, mrb_value arg);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_yield_argv(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value b, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_yield_with_class(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value b, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv, mrb_value self, struct RClass *c);
@@ -1282,7 +1340,7 @@ MRB_API void mrb_gc_register(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj);
 MRB_API void mrb_gc_unregister(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj);
 
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_to_int(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val);
-#define mrb_int(mrb, val) mrb_fixnum(mrb_to_int(mrb, val))
+#define mrb_int(mrb, val) mrb_integer(mrb_to_int(mrb, val))
 /* string type checking (contrary to the name, it doesn't convert) */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_to_str(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val);
 MRB_API void mrb_check_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x, enum mrb_vtype t);
@@ -1292,14 +1350,8 @@ MRB_INLINE void mrb_check_frozen(mrb_state *mrb, void *o)
   if (mrb_frozen_p((struct RBasic*)o)) mrb_frozen_error(mrb, o);
 }
 
-typedef enum call_type {
-  CALL_PUBLIC,
-  CALL_FCALL,
-  CALL_VCALL,
-  CALL_TYPE_MAX
-} call_type;
-
 MRB_API void mrb_define_alias(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, const char *a, const char *b);
+MRB_API void mrb_define_alias_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, mrb_sym a, mrb_sym b);
 MRB_API const char *mrb_class_name(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass* klass);
 MRB_API void mrb_define_global_const(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name, mrb_value val);
 
@@ -1336,7 +1388,7 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_fiber_alive_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value fib);
  *
  * Implemented in mruby-fiber
  */
-#define E_FIBER_ERROR (mrb_exc_get(mrb, "FiberError"))
+#define E_FIBER_ERROR mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(FiberError))
 MRB_API void mrb_stack_extend(mrb_state*, mrb_int);
 
 /* memory pool implementation */
@@ -1356,6 +1408,10 @@ MRB_API void mrb_show_copyright(mrb_state *mrb);
 
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_format(mrb_state *mrb, const char *format, ...);
 
+#ifdef MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING
+# include <mruby/presym/scanning.h>
+#endif
+
 #if 0
 /* memcpy and memset does not work with gdb reverse-next on my box */
 /* use naive memcpy and memset instead */

include/mruby/array.h

@@ -21,7 +21,14 @@ typedef struct mrb_shared_array {
   mrb_value *ptr;
 } mrb_shared_array;
 
-#define MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX ((mrb_int)(sizeof(void*)*3/sizeof(mrb_value)))
+#if defined(MRB_32BIT) && defined(MRB_NO_BOXING)
+# define MRB_ARY_NO_EMBED
+# define MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX 0
+#else
+# define MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX ((mrb_int)(sizeof(void*)*3/sizeof(mrb_value)))
+mrb_static_assert(MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX > 0, "MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX > 0");
+#endif
+
 struct RArray {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
   union {
@@ -33,7 +40,9 @@ struct RArray {
       } aux;
       mrb_value *ptr;
     } heap;
-    void *ary[3];
+#ifndef MRB_ARY_NO_EMBED
+    mrb_value ary[MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX];
+#endif
   } as;
 };
 
@@ -41,12 +50,20 @@ struct RArray {
 #define mrb_ary_value(p)  mrb_obj_value((void*)(p))
 #define RARRAY(v)  ((struct RArray*)(mrb_ptr(v)))
 
+#ifdef MRB_ARY_NO_EMBED
+#define ARY_EMBED_P(a) 0
+#define ARY_UNSET_EMBED_FLAG(a) (void)0
+#define ARY_EMBED_LEN(a) 0
+#define ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(a,len) (void)0
+#define ARY_EMBED_PTR(a) 0
+#else
 #define MRB_ARY_EMBED_MASK  7
 #define ARY_EMBED_P(a) ((a)->flags & MRB_ARY_EMBED_MASK)
 #define ARY_UNSET_EMBED_FLAG(a) ((a)->flags &= ~(MRB_ARY_EMBED_MASK))
 #define ARY_EMBED_LEN(a) ((mrb_int)(((a)->flags & MRB_ARY_EMBED_MASK) - 1))
 #define ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(a,len) ((a)->flags = ((a)->flags&~MRB_ARY_EMBED_MASK) | ((uint32_t)(len) + 1))
-#define ARY_EMBED_PTR(a) ((mrb_value*)(&(a)->as.ary))
+#define ARY_EMBED_PTR(a) ((a)->as.ary)
+#endif
 
 #define ARY_LEN(a) (ARY_EMBED_P(a)?ARY_EMBED_LEN(a):(a)->as.heap.len)
 #define ARY_PTR(a) (ARY_EMBED_P(a)?ARY_EMBED_PTR(a):(a)->as.heap.ptr)
@@ -232,13 +249,14 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_entry(mrb_value ary, mrb_int offset);
  *
  * Equivalent to:
  *
- *      ary.shift
+ *      ary[head, len] = rpl
  *
  * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
- * @param self The array from which the value will be shifted.
+ * @param self The array from which the value will be partiality replaced.
  * @param head Beginning position of a replacement subsequence.
  * @param len Length of a replacement subsequence.
  * @param rpl The array of replacement elements.
+ *            It is possible to pass `mrb_undef_value()` instead of an empty array.
  * @return The receiver array.
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_splice(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self, mrb_int head, mrb_int len, mrb_value rpl);
@@ -278,7 +296,7 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_clear(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
  *
  * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
  * @param ary The target array
- * @param sep The separater, can be NULL
+ * @param sep The separator, can be NULL
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_join(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_value sep);
 
@@ -291,6 +309,9 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_join(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_value sep);
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_resize(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_int new_len);
 
+/* helper functions */
+mrb_value mrb_ary_subseq(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_int beg, mrb_int len);
+
 MRB_END_DECL
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_ARRAY_H */

include/mruby/boxing_nan.h

@@ -7,12 +7,12 @@
 #ifndef MRUBY_BOXING_NAN_H
 #define MRUBY_BOXING_NAN_H
 
-#ifdef MRB_USE_FLOAT
-# error ---->> MRB_NAN_BOXING and MRB_USE_FLOAT conflict <<----
+#ifdef MRB_USE_FLOAT32
+# error ---->> MRB_NAN_BOXING and MRB_USE_FLOAT32 conflict <<----
 #endif
 
-#ifdef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
-# error ---->> MRB_NAN_BOXING and MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT conflict <<----
+#ifdef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+# error ---->> MRB_NAN_BOXING and MRB_NO_FLOAT conflict <<----
 #endif
 
 #ifdef MRB_INT64
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 
 #define MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT 0
 #define MRB_SYMBOL_SHIFT 0
+#define MRB_FIXNUM_MIN INT32_MIN
+#define MRB_FIXNUM_MAX INT32_MAX
 
 /* value representation by nan-boxing:
  *   float : FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
@@ -31,66 +33,98 @@
  * in the right direction. Also, TTTTTT is the mrb_vtype + 1;
  */
 typedef struct mrb_value {
-  union {
-    mrb_float f;
-    union {
-      void *p;
-      struct {
-        MRB_ENDIAN_LOHI(
-          uint32_t ttt;
-          ,union {
-            mrb_int i;
-            mrb_sym sym;
-          };
-        )
-      };
-    } value;
-  };
+  uint64_t u;
 } mrb_value;
 
-#define mrb_float_pool(mrb,f) mrb_float_value(mrb,f)
+union mrb_value_ {
+  mrb_float f;
+  uint64_t u;
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+  void *p;
+# define BOXNAN_IMMEDIATE_VALUE uint32_t i
+#else
+# define BOXNAN_IMMEDIATE_VALUE union { uint32_t i; void *p; }
+#endif
+  struct {
+    MRB_ENDIAN_LOHI(
+      uint32_t ttt;
+      ,BOXNAN_IMMEDIATE_VALUE;
+    )
+  };
+  mrb_value value;
+};
 
-#define mrb_tt(o)       ((enum mrb_vtype)(((o).value.ttt & 0xfc000)>>14)-1)
-#define mrb_type(o)     (enum mrb_vtype)((uint32_t)0xfff00000 < (o).value.ttt ? mrb_tt(o) : MRB_TT_FLOAT)
-#define mrb_ptr(o)      ((void*)((((uintptr_t)0x3fffffffffff)&((uintptr_t)((o).value.p)))<<2))
-#define mrb_float(o)    (o).f
-#define mrb_cptr(o)     mrb_ptr(o)
-#define mrb_fixnum(o)   (o).value.i
-#define mrb_symbol(o)   (o).value.sym
+mrb_static_assert1(sizeof(mrb_value) == sizeof(union mrb_value_));
+
+static inline union mrb_value_
+mrb_val_union(mrb_value v)
+{
+  union mrb_value_ x;
+  x.value = v;
+  return x;
+}
+
+#define mrb_tt(o)       ((enum mrb_vtype)((mrb_val_union(o).ttt & 0xfc000)>>14)-1)
+#define mrb_type(o)     (enum mrb_vtype)((uint32_t)0xfff00000 < mrb_val_union(o).ttt ? mrb_tt(o) : MRB_TT_FLOAT)
+#define mrb_float(o)    mrb_val_union(o).f
+#define mrb_fixnum(o)   ((mrb_int)mrb_val_union(o).i)
+#define mrb_integer(o)  mrb_fixnum(o)
+#define mrb_symbol(o)   ((mrb_sym)mrb_val_union(o).i)
 
 #ifdef MRB_64BIT
+#define mrb_ptr(o)      ((void*)((((uintptr_t)0x3fffffffffff)&((uintptr_t)(mrb_val_union(o).p)))<<2))
+#define mrb_cptr(o)     (((struct RCptr*)mrb_ptr(o))->p)
 #define BOXNAN_SHIFT_LONG_POINTER(v) (((uintptr_t)(v)>>34)&0x3fff)
 #else
+#define mrb_ptr(o)      ((void*)mrb_val_union(o).i)
+#define mrb_cptr(o)     mrb_ptr(o)
 #define BOXNAN_SHIFT_LONG_POINTER(v) 0
 #endif
 
-#define BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(o, tt, attr, v) do {\
-  (o).attr = (v);\
-  (o).value.ttt = 0xfff00000 | (((tt)+1)<<14);\
+#define BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(o, tt, attr, v) do { \
+  union mrb_value_ mrb_value_union_variable; \
+  mrb_value_union_variable.attr = (v);\
+  mrb_value_union_variable.ttt = 0xfff00000 | (((tt)+1)<<14);\
+  o = mrb_value_union_variable.value;\
 } while (0)
 
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
 #define BOXNAN_SET_OBJ_VALUE(o, tt, v) do {\
-  (o).value.p = (void*)((uintptr_t)(v)>>2);\
-  (o).value.ttt = (0xfff00000|(((tt)+1)<<14)|BOXNAN_SHIFT_LONG_POINTER(v));\
+  union mrb_value_ mrb_value_union_variable;\
+  mrb_value_union_variable.p = (void*)((uintptr_t)(v)>>2);\
+  mrb_value_union_variable.ttt = (0xfff00000|(((tt)+1)<<14)|BOXNAN_SHIFT_LONG_POINTER(v));\
+  o = mrb_value_union_variable.value;\
 } while (0)
+#else
+#define BOXNAN_SET_OBJ_VALUE(o, tt, v) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(o, tt, i, (uint32_t)v)
+#endif
 
 #define SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb,r,v) do { \
-  if ((v) != (v)) { \
-    (r).value.ttt = 0x7ff80000; \
-    (r).value.i = 0; \
+  union mrb_value_ mrb_value_union_variable; \
+  if ((v) != (v)) { /* NaN */ \
+    mrb_value_union_variable.ttt = 0x7ff80000; \
+    mrb_value_union_variable.i = 0; \
   } \
   else { \
-    (r).f = v; \
-  }} while(0)
+    mrb_value_union_variable.f = (v); \
+  } \
+  r = mrb_value_union_variable.value; \
+} while(0)
 
-#define SET_NIL_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 0)
-#define SET_FALSE_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_TRUE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_BOOL_VALUE(r,b) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, b ? MRB_TT_TRUE : MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_INT_VALUE(r,n) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FIXNUM, value.i, (n))
-#define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,v) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_SYMBOL, value.sym, (v))
+#define SET_NIL_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, i, 0)
+#define SET_FALSE_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, i, 1)
+#define SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_TRUE, i, 1)
+#define SET_BOOL_VALUE(r,b) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, b ? MRB_TT_TRUE : MRB_TT_FALSE, i, 1)
+#define SET_INT_VALUE(mrb, r,n) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_INTEGER, i, (uint32_t)(n))
+#define SET_FIXNUM_VALUE(r,n) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_INTEGER, i, (uint32_t)(n))
+#define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,v) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_SYMBOL, i, (uint32_t)(v))
 #define SET_OBJ_VALUE(r,v) BOXNAN_SET_OBJ_VALUE(r, (((struct RObject*)(v))->tt), (v))
-#define SET_CPTR_VALUE(mrb,r,v) BOXNAN_SET_OBJ_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_CPTR, v)
-#define SET_UNDEF_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_UNDEF, value.i, 0)
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_nan_boxing_cptr_value(struct mrb_state*, void*);
+#define SET_CPTR_VALUE(mrb,r,v) ((r) = mrb_nan_boxing_cptr_value(mrb, v))
+#else
+#define SET_CPTR_VALUE(mrb,r,v) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_CPTR, p, v)
+#endif
+#define SET_UNDEF_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_UNDEF, i, 0)
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_BOXING_NAN_H */

include/mruby/boxing_no.h

@@ -9,9 +9,11 @@
 
 #define MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT 0
 #define MRB_SYMBOL_SHIFT 0
+#define MRB_FIXNUM_MIN MRB_INT_MIN
+#define MRB_FIXNUM_MAX MRB_INT_MAX
 
 union mrb_value_union {
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
   mrb_float f;
 #endif
   void *p;
@@ -24,16 +26,13 @@ typedef struct mrb_value {
   enum mrb_vtype tt;
 } mrb_value;
 
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
-#define mrb_float_pool(mrb,f) mrb_float_value(mrb,f)
-#endif
-
 #define mrb_ptr(o)      (o).value.p
 #define mrb_cptr(o)     mrb_ptr(o)
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 #define mrb_float(o)    (o).value.f
 #endif
 #define mrb_fixnum(o)   (o).value.i
+#define mrb_integer(o)  mrb_fixnum(o)
 #define mrb_symbol(o)   (o).value.sym
 #define mrb_type(o)     (o).tt
 
@@ -46,8 +45,9 @@ typedef struct mrb_value {
 #define SET_FALSE_VALUE(r) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
 #define SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_TRUE, value.i, 1)
 #define SET_BOOL_VALUE(r,b) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, b ? MRB_TT_TRUE : MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_INT_VALUE(r,n) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FIXNUM, value.i, (n))
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#define SET_INT_VALUE(mrb,r,n) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_INTEGER, value.i, (n))
+#define SET_FIXNUM_VALUE(r,n) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_INTEGER, value.i, (n))
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 #define SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb,r,v) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FLOAT, value.f, (v))
 #endif
 #define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,v) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_SYMBOL, value.sym, (v))

include/mruby/boxing_word.h

@@ -7,20 +7,16 @@
 #ifndef MRUBY_BOXING_WORD_H
 #define MRUBY_BOXING_WORD_H
 
-#if defined(MRB_INT64) && !defined(MRB_64BIT)
-#error MRB_INT64 cannot be used with MRB_WORD_BOXING in 32-bit mode.
-#endif
-
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 struct RFloat {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
   mrb_float f;
 };
 #endif
 
-struct RCptr {
+struct RInteger {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
-  void *p;
+  mrb_int i;
 };
 
 enum mrb_special_consts {
@@ -37,6 +33,14 @@ enum mrb_special_consts {
 #endif
 #define MRB_SYMBOL_SHIFT        BOXWORD_SYMBOL_SHIFT
 
+#if defined(MRB_64BIT) && defined(MRB_INT64)
+# define MRB_FIXNUM_MIN (INT64_MIN>>MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
+# define MRB_FIXNUM_MAX (INT64_MAX>>MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
+#else
+# define MRB_FIXNUM_MIN (INT32_MIN>>MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
+# define MRB_FIXNUM_MAX (INT32_MAX>>MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
+#endif
+
 #define BOXWORD_FIXNUM_BIT_POS  1
 #define BOXWORD_SYMBOL_BIT_POS  2
 #define BOXWORD_FIXNUM_SHIFT    BOXWORD_FIXNUM_BIT_POS
@@ -51,14 +55,12 @@ enum mrb_special_consts {
 #define BOXWORD_SYMBOL_MASK     ((1 << BOXWORD_SYMBOL_BIT_POS) - 1)
 #define BOXWORD_IMMEDIATE_MASK  0x07
 
-#define BOXWORD_SHIFT_VALUE(o,n,t) \
-  (t)(((long)(o).w) >> BOXWORD_##n##_SHIFT)
 #define BOXWORD_SET_SHIFT_VALUE(o,n,v) \
-  ((o).w = (((unsigned long)(v)) << BOXWORD_##n##_SHIFT) | BOXWORD_##n##_FLAG)
+  ((o).w = (((uintptr_t)(v)) << BOXWORD_##n##_SHIFT) | BOXWORD_##n##_FLAG)
 #define BOXWORD_SHIFT_VALUE_P(o,n) \
   (((o).w & BOXWORD_##n##_MASK) == BOXWORD_##n##_FLAG)
 #define BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o,n) \
-  (!mrb_immediate_p(o) && (o).value.bp->tt == MRB_TT_##n)
+  (!mrb_immediate_p(o) && mrb_val_union(o).bp->tt == MRB_TT_##n)
 
 /*
  * mrb_value representation:
@@ -71,54 +73,72 @@ enum mrb_special_consts {
  *   symbol: ...SSSS SS10 (use only upper 32-bit as symbol value on 64-bit CPU)
  *   object: ...PPPP P000 (any bits are 1)
  */
-typedef union mrb_value {
-  union {
-    void *p;
-#ifdef MRB_64BIT
-    /* use struct to avoid bit shift. */
-    struct {
-      MRB_ENDIAN_LOHI(
-        mrb_sym sym;
-        ,uint32_t sym_flag;
-      )
-    };
-#endif
-    struct RBasic *bp;
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
-    struct RFloat *fp;
-#endif
-    struct RCptr *vp;
-  } value;
-  unsigned long w;
+typedef struct mrb_value {
+  uintptr_t w;
 } mrb_value;
 
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_cptr_value(struct mrb_state*, void*);
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_float_value(struct mrb_state*, mrb_float);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_float_pool(struct mrb_state*, mrb_float);
-#endif
-
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
-#define mrb_float_pool(mrb,f) mrb_word_boxing_float_pool(mrb,f)
-#endif
-
-#define mrb_ptr(o)     (o).value.p
-#define mrb_cptr(o)    (o).value.vp->p
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
-#define mrb_float(o)   (o).value.fp->f
-#endif
-#define mrb_fixnum(o)  BOXWORD_SHIFT_VALUE(o, FIXNUM, mrb_int)
+union mrb_value_ {
+  void *p;
 #ifdef MRB_64BIT
-#define mrb_symbol(o)  (o).value.sym
-#else
-#define mrb_symbol(o)  BOXWORD_SHIFT_VALUE(o, SYMBOL, mrb_sym)
+  /* use struct to avoid bit shift. */
+  struct {
+    MRB_ENDIAN_LOHI(
+      mrb_sym sym;
+      ,uint32_t sym_flag;
+    )
+  };
 #endif
-#define mrb_bool(o)    (((o).w & ~(unsigned long)MRB_Qfalse) != 0)
+  struct RBasic *bp;
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+  struct RFloat *fp;
+#endif
+  struct RInteger *ip;
+  struct RCptr *vp;
+  uintptr_t w;
+  mrb_value value;
+};
+
+mrb_static_assert1(sizeof(mrb_value) == sizeof(union mrb_value_));
+
+static inline union mrb_value_
+mrb_val_union(mrb_value v)
+{
+  union mrb_value_ x;
+  x.value = v;
+  return x;
+}
+
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_cptr_value(struct mrb_state*, void*);
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_float_value(struct mrb_state*, mrb_float);
+#endif
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_int_value(struct mrb_state*, mrb_int);
 
 #define mrb_immediate_p(o) ((o).w & BOXWORD_IMMEDIATE_MASK || (o).w == MRB_Qnil)
-#define mrb_fixnum_p(o) BOXWORD_SHIFT_VALUE_P(o, FIXNUM)
+
+#define mrb_ptr(o)     mrb_val_union(o).p
+#define mrb_cptr(o)    mrb_val_union(o).vp->p
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+#define mrb_float(o)   mrb_val_union(o).fp->f
+#endif
+#define mrb_fixnum(o)  (mrb_int)(((intptr_t)(o).w) >> BOXWORD_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
+MRB_INLINE mrb_int
+mrb_integer_func(mrb_value o) {
+  if (mrb_immediate_p(o)) return mrb_fixnum(o);
+  return mrb_val_union(o).ip->i;
+}
+#define mrb_integer(o) mrb_integer_func(o)
 #ifdef MRB_64BIT
-#define mrb_symbol_p(o) ((o).value.sym_flag == BOXWORD_SYMBOL_FLAG)
+#define mrb_symbol(o)  mrb_val_union(o).sym
+#else
+#define mrb_symbol(o)  (mrb_sym)(((o).w) >> BOXWORD_SYMBOL_SHIFT)
+#endif
+#define mrb_bool(o)    (((o).w & ~(uintptr_t)MRB_Qfalse) != 0)
+
+#define mrb_fixnum_p(o) BOXWORD_SHIFT_VALUE_P(o, FIXNUM)
+#define mrb_integer_p(o) (BOXWORD_SHIFT_VALUE_P(o, FIXNUM)||BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, INTEGER))
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+#define mrb_symbol_p(o) (mrb_val_union(o).sym_flag == BOXWORD_SYMBOL_FLAG)
 #else
 #define mrb_symbol_p(o) BOXWORD_SHIFT_VALUE_P(o, SYMBOL)
 #endif
@@ -126,7 +146,7 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_float_pool(struct mrb_state*, mrb_float);
 #define mrb_nil_p(o)  ((o).w == MRB_Qnil)
 #define mrb_false_p(o) ((o).w == MRB_Qfalse)
 #define mrb_true_p(o)  ((o).w == MRB_Qtrue)
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 #define mrb_float_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, FLOAT)
 #endif
 #define mrb_array_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, ARRAY)
@@ -142,14 +162,13 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_float_pool(struct mrb_state*, mrb_float);
 #define mrb_sclass_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, SCLASS)
 #define mrb_proc_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, PROC)
 #define mrb_range_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, RANGE)
-#define mrb_file_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, FILE)
 #define mrb_env_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, ENV)
 #define mrb_data_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, DATA)
 #define mrb_fiber_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, FIBER)
 #define mrb_istruct_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, ISTRUCT)
 #define mrb_break_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, BREAK)
 
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 #define SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb,r,v) ((r) = mrb_word_boxing_float_value(mrb, v))
 #endif
 #define SET_CPTR_VALUE(mrb,r,v) ((r) = mrb_word_boxing_cptr_value(mrb, v))
@@ -158,23 +177,29 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_float_pool(struct mrb_state*, mrb_float);
 #define SET_FALSE_VALUE(r) ((r).w = MRB_Qfalse)
 #define SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) ((r).w = MRB_Qtrue)
 #define SET_BOOL_VALUE(r,b) ((b) ? SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) : SET_FALSE_VALUE(r))
-#define SET_INT_VALUE(r,n) BOXWORD_SET_SHIFT_VALUE(r, FIXNUM, n)
+#define SET_INT_VALUE(mrb,r,n) ((r) = mrb_word_boxing_int_value(mrb, n))
+#define SET_FIXNUM_VALUE(r,n) BOXWORD_SET_SHIFT_VALUE(r, FIXNUM, n)
 #ifdef MRB_64BIT
-#define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,v) ((r).value.sym = v, (r).value.sym_flag = BOXWORD_SYMBOL_FLAG)
+#define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,v) do {\
+  union mrb_value_ mrb_value_union_variable;\
+  mrb_value_union_variable.sym = v;\
+  mrb_value_union_variable.sym_flag = BOXWORD_SYMBOL_FLAG;\
+  (r) = mrb_value_union_variable.value;\
+} while (0)
 #else
 #define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,n) BOXWORD_SET_SHIFT_VALUE(r, SYMBOL, n)
 #endif
-#define SET_OBJ_VALUE(r,v) ((r).value.p = v)
+#define SET_OBJ_VALUE(r,v) ((r).w = (uintptr_t)(v))
 
 MRB_INLINE enum mrb_vtype
 mrb_type(mrb_value o)
 {
   return !mrb_bool(o)    ? MRB_TT_FALSE :
          mrb_true_p(o)   ? MRB_TT_TRUE :
-         mrb_fixnum_p(o) ? MRB_TT_FIXNUM :
+         mrb_fixnum_p(o) ? MRB_TT_INTEGER :
          mrb_symbol_p(o) ? MRB_TT_SYMBOL :
          mrb_undef_p(o)  ? MRB_TT_UNDEF :
-         o.value.bp->tt;
+         mrb_val_union(o).bp->tt;
 }
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_BOXING_WORD_H */

include/mruby/class.h

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 struct RClass {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
   struct iv_tbl *iv;
-  struct kh_mt *mt;
+  struct mt_tbl *mt;
   struct RClass *super;
 };
 
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ mrb_class(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value v)
     return mrb->true_class;
   case MRB_TT_SYMBOL:
     return mrb->symbol_class;
-  case MRB_TT_FIXNUM:
-    return mrb->fixnum_class;
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+  case MRB_TT_INTEGER:
+    return mrb->integer_class;
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
   case MRB_TT_FLOAT:
     return mrb->float_class;
 #endif
@@ -73,13 +73,11 @@ mrb_class(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value v)
 #define MRB_SET_INSTANCE_TT(c, tt) ((c)->flags = (((c)->flags & ~MRB_INSTANCE_TT_MASK) | (char)(tt)))
 #define MRB_INSTANCE_TT(c) (enum mrb_vtype)((c)->flags & MRB_INSTANCE_TT_MASK)
 
-MRB_API struct RClass* mrb_define_class_id(mrb_state*, mrb_sym, struct RClass*);
-MRB_API struct RClass* mrb_define_module_id(mrb_state*, mrb_sym);
 struct RClass *mrb_vm_define_class(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_value, mrb_sym);
 struct RClass *mrb_vm_define_module(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_sym);
 MRB_API void mrb_define_method_raw(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, mrb_sym, mrb_method_t);
-MRB_API void mrb_define_method_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, mrb_sym mid, mrb_func_t func, mrb_aspec aspec);
 MRB_API void mrb_alias_method(mrb_state*, struct RClass *c, mrb_sym a, mrb_sym b);
+MRB_API void mrb_remove_method(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, mrb_sym sym);
 
 MRB_API mrb_method_t mrb_method_search_vm(mrb_state*, struct RClass**, mrb_sym);
 MRB_API mrb_method_t mrb_method_search(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, mrb_sym);
@@ -95,12 +93,16 @@ void mrb_gc_mark_mt(mrb_state*, struct RClass*);
 size_t mrb_gc_mark_mt_size(mrb_state*, struct RClass*);
 void mrb_gc_free_mt(mrb_state*, struct RClass*);
 
-#ifdef MRB_METHOD_CACHE
+#ifndef MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
 void mrb_mc_clear_by_class(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass* c);
 #else
 #define mrb_mc_clear_by_class(mrb,c)
 #endif
 
+/* return non zero to break the loop */
+typedef int (mrb_mt_foreach_func)(mrb_state*,mrb_sym,mrb_method_t,void*);
+MRB_API void mrb_mt_foreach(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, mrb_mt_foreach_func*, void*);
+
 MRB_END_DECL
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_CLASS_H */

include/mruby/common.h

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
-#ifdef MRB_ENABLE_CXX_ABI
+#ifdef MRB_USE_CXX_ABI
 #define MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 #define MRB_END_DECL
 #else
@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@ MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 # elif defined(__MINGW32_MAJOR_VERSION)
 #  define MRB_MINGW32_VERSION  (__MINGW32_MAJOR_VERSION * 1000 + __MINGW32_MINOR_VERSION)
 # endif
+# if defined(__MINGW32__) && !defined(__MINGW64__)
+#   define MRB_MINGW32_LEGACY
+# endif
 #endif
 
 MRB_END_DECL

include/mruby/compile.h

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ typedef struct mrbc_context {
   mrb_bool no_exec:1;
   mrb_bool keep_lv:1;
   mrb_bool no_optimize:1;
-  mrb_bool on_eval:1;
+  const struct RProc *upper;
 
   size_t parser_nerr;
 } mrbc_context;
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ MRB_API mrbc_context* mrbc_context_new(mrb_state *mrb);
 MRB_API void mrbc_context_free(mrb_state *mrb, mrbc_context *cxt);
 MRB_API const char *mrbc_filename(mrb_state *mrb, mrbc_context *c, const char *s);
 MRB_API void mrbc_partial_hook(mrb_state *mrb, mrbc_context *c, int (*partial_hook)(struct mrb_parser_state*), void*data);
+MRB_API void mrbc_cleanup_local_variables(mrb_state *mrb, mrbc_context *c);
 
 /* AST node structure */
 typedef struct mrb_ast_node {
@@ -98,6 +99,9 @@ enum mrb_string_type {
 /* heredoc structure */
 struct mrb_parser_heredoc_info {
   mrb_bool allow_indent:1;
+  mrb_bool remove_indent:1;
+  size_t indent;
+  mrb_ast_node *indented;
   mrb_bool line_head:1;
   enum mrb_string_type type;
   const char *term;
@@ -114,7 +118,8 @@ struct mrb_parser_state {
   struct mrb_pool *pool;
   mrb_ast_node *cells;
   const char *s, *send;
-#ifndef MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
+#ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
+  /* If both f and s are non-null, it will be taken preferentially from s until s < send. */
   FILE *f;
 #endif
   mrbc_context *cxt;
@@ -151,8 +156,8 @@ struct mrb_parser_state {
   mrb_ast_node *tree;
 
   mrb_bool no_optimize:1;
-  mrb_bool on_eval:1;
   mrb_bool capture_errors:1;
+  const struct RProc *upper;
   struct mrb_parser_message error_buffer[10];
   struct mrb_parser_message warn_buffer[10];
 
@@ -172,7 +177,7 @@ MRB_API void mrb_parser_set_filename(struct mrb_parser_state*, char const*);
 MRB_API mrb_sym mrb_parser_get_filename(struct mrb_parser_state*, uint16_t idx);
 
 /* utility functions */
-#ifndef MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
+#ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
 MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parse_file(mrb_state*,FILE*,mrbc_context*);
 #endif
 MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parse_string(mrb_state*,const char*,mrbc_context*);
@@ -180,10 +185,19 @@ MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parse_nstring(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t
 MRB_API struct RProc* mrb_generate_code(mrb_state*, struct mrb_parser_state*);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_exec(mrb_state *mrb, struct mrb_parser_state *p, mrbc_context *c);
 
-/* program load functions */
-#ifndef MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
+/** program load functions
+* Please note! Currently due to interactions with the GC calling these functions will
+* leak one RProc object per function call.
+* To prevent this save the current memory arena before calling and restore the arena
+* right after, like so
+* int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb);
+* mrb_value status = mrb_load_string(mrb, buffer);
+* mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+*/
+#ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_file(mrb_state*,FILE*);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_file_cxt(mrb_state*,FILE*, mrbc_context *cxt);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_detect_file_cxt(mrb_state *mrb, FILE *fp, mrbc_context *c);
 #endif
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_string(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_nstring(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s, size_t len);

include/mruby/debug.h

@@ -46,13 +46,13 @@ typedef struct mrb_irep_debug_info {
  * get line from irep's debug info and program counter
  * @return returns NULL if not found
  */
-MRB_API const char *mrb_debug_get_filename(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep *irep, ptrdiff_t pc);
+MRB_API const char *mrb_debug_get_filename(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep *irep, uint32_t pc);
 
 /*
  * get line from irep's debug info and program counter
  * @return returns -1 if not found
  */
-MRB_API int32_t mrb_debug_get_line(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep *irep, ptrdiff_t pc);
+MRB_API int32_t mrb_debug_get_line(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep *irep, uint32_t pc);
 
 MRB_API mrb_irep_debug_info *mrb_debug_info_alloc(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep *irep);
 MRB_API mrb_irep_debug_info_file *mrb_debug_info_append_file(

include/mruby/dump.h

@@ -17,15 +17,12 @@
 MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
 #define DUMP_DEBUG_INFO 1
-#define DUMP_ENDIAN_BIG 2
-#define DUMP_ENDIAN_LIL 4
-#define DUMP_ENDIAN_NAT 6
-#define DUMP_ENDIAN_MASK 6
 
-int mrb_dump_irep(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep *irep, uint8_t flags, uint8_t **bin, size_t *bin_size);
-#ifndef MRB_DISABLE_STDIO
-int mrb_dump_irep_binary(mrb_state*, mrb_irep*, uint8_t, FILE*);
-int mrb_dump_irep_cfunc(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep*, uint8_t flags, FILE *f, const char *initname);
+int mrb_dump_irep(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep *irep, uint8_t flags, uint8_t **bin, size_t *bin_size);
+#ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
+int mrb_dump_irep_binary(mrb_state*, const mrb_irep*, uint8_t, FILE*);
+int mrb_dump_irep_cfunc(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep*, uint8_t flags, FILE *f, const char *initname);
+int mrb_dump_irep_cstruct(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep*, uint8_t flags, FILE *f, const char *initname);
 mrb_irep *mrb_read_irep_file(mrb_state*, FILE*);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_irep_file(mrb_state*,FILE*);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_irep_file_cxt(mrb_state*, FILE*, mrbc_context*);
@@ -42,22 +39,25 @@ MRB_API mrb_irep *mrb_read_irep_buf(mrb_state*, const void*, size_t);
 #define MRB_DUMP_GENERAL_FAILURE      (-1)
 #define MRB_DUMP_WRITE_FAULT          (-2)
 #define MRB_DUMP_READ_FAULT           (-3)
-#define MRB_DUMP_CRC_ERROR            (-4)
-#define MRB_DUMP_INVALID_FILE_HEADER  (-5)
-#define MRB_DUMP_INVALID_IREP         (-6)
-#define MRB_DUMP_INVALID_ARGUMENT     (-7)
+#define MRB_DUMP_INVALID_FILE_HEADER  (-4)
+#define MRB_DUMP_INVALID_IREP         (-5)
+#define MRB_DUMP_INVALID_ARGUMENT     (-6)
 
 /* null symbol length */
 #define MRB_DUMP_NULL_SYM_LEN         0xFFFF
 
 /* Rite Binary File header */
 #define RITE_BINARY_IDENT              "RITE"
-#define RITE_BINARY_IDENT_LIL          "ETIR"
-#define RITE_BINARY_FORMAT_VER         "0006"
+/* Binary Format Version Major:Minor */
+/*   Major: Incompatible to prior versions */
+/*   Minor: Upper-compatible to prior versions */
+#define RITE_BINARY_MAJOR_VER          "02"
+#define RITE_BINARY_MINOR_VER          "00"
+#define RITE_BINARY_FORMAT_VER         RITE_BINARY_MAJOR_VER RITE_BINARY_MINOR_VER
 #define RITE_COMPILER_NAME             "MATZ"
 #define RITE_COMPILER_VERSION          "0000"
 
-#define RITE_VM_VER                    "0002"
+#define RITE_VM_VER                    "0300"
 
 #define RITE_BINARY_EOF                "END\0"
 #define RITE_SECTION_IREP_IDENT        "IREP"
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@ MRB_API mrb_irep *mrb_read_irep_buf(mrb_state*, const void*, size_t);
 /* binary header */
 struct rite_binary_header {
   uint8_t binary_ident[4];    /* Binary Identifier */
-  uint8_t binary_version[4];  /* Binary Format Version */
-  uint8_t binary_crc[2];      /* Binary CRC */
+  uint8_t major_version[2];   /* Binary Format Major Version */
+  uint8_t minor_version[2];   /* Binary Format Minor Version */
   uint8_t binary_size[4];     /* Binary Size */
   uint8_t compiler_name[4];   /* Compiler name */
   uint8_t compiler_version[4];
@@ -106,17 +106,6 @@ struct rite_binary_footer {
   RITE_SECTION_HEADER;
 };
 
-static inline int
-bigendian_p()
-{
-  int i;
-  char *p;
-
-  i = 1;
-  p = (char*)&i;
-  return p[0]?0:1;
-}
-
 static inline size_t
 uint8_to_bin(uint8_t s, uint8_t *bin)
 {
@@ -142,16 +131,6 @@ uint32_to_bin(uint32_t l, uint8_t *bin)
   return sizeof(uint32_t);
 }
 
-static inline size_t
-uint32l_to_bin(uint32_t l, uint8_t *bin)
-{
-  bin[3] = (l >> 24) & 0xff;
-  bin[2] = (l >> 16) & 0xff;
-  bin[1] = (l >> 8) & 0xff;
-  bin[0] = l & 0xff;
-  return sizeof(uint32_t);
-}
-
 static inline uint32_t
 bin_to_uint32(const uint8_t *bin)
 {
@@ -161,15 +140,6 @@ bin_to_uint32(const uint8_t *bin)
          (uint32_t)bin[3];
 }
 
-static inline uint32_t
-bin_to_uint32l(const uint8_t *bin)
-{
-  return (uint32_t)bin[3] << 24 |
-         (uint32_t)bin[2] << 16 |
-         (uint32_t)bin[1] << 8  |
-         (uint32_t)bin[0];
-}
-
 static inline uint16_t
 bin_to_uint16(const uint8_t *bin)
 {
@@ -185,8 +155,4 @@ bin_to_uint8(const uint8_t *bin)
 
 MRB_END_DECL
 
-/** @internal crc.c */
-uint16_t
-calc_crc_16_ccitt(const uint8_t *src, size_t nbytes, uint16_t crc);
-
 #endif  /* MRUBY_DUMP_H */

include/mruby/endian.h

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**
+** @file mruby/endian.h - detect endian-ness
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef MRUBY_ENDIAN_H
+#define MRUBY_ENDIAN_H
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+MRB_BEGIN_DECL
+
+#if !defined(BYTE_ORDER) && defined(__BYTE_ORDER__)
+# define BYTE_ORDER __BYTE_ORDER__
+#endif
+#if !defined(BIG_ENDIAN) && defined(__ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
+# define BIG_ENDIAN __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
+#endif
+#if !defined(LITTLE_ENDIAN) && defined(__ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__)
+# define LITTLE_ENDIAN __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
+#endif
+
+#ifdef BYTE_ORDER
+# if BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN
+#  define littleendian 0
+# elif BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#  define littleendian 1
+# endif
+#endif
+#ifndef littleendian
+/* can't distinguish endian in compile time */
+static inline int
+check_little_endian(void)
+{
+  unsigned int n = 1;
+  return (*(unsigned char *)&n == 1);
+}
+#  define littleendian check_little_endian()
+#endif
+
+MRB_END_DECL
+
+#endif  /* MRUBY_ENDIAN_H */

include/mruby/error.h

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ struct RException {
 
 MRB_API void mrb_sys_fail(mrb_state *mrb, const char *mesg);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_exc_new_str(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass* c, mrb_value str);
-#define mrb_exc_new_str_lit(mrb, c, lit) mrb_exc_new_str(mrb, c, mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, lit))
+#define mrb_exc_new_lit(mrb, c, lit) mrb_exc_new_str(mrb, c, mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, lit))
+#define mrb_exc_new_str_lit(mrb, c, lit) mrb_exc_new_lit(mrb, c, lit)
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_make_exception(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_exc_backtrace(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value exc);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_get_backtrace(mrb_state *mrb);
@@ -32,10 +33,10 @@ MRB_API mrb_noreturn void mrb_no_method_error(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_sym id, mrb_va
 /* declaration for `fail` method */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_f_raise(mrb_state*, mrb_value);
 
-#if defined(MRB_64BIT) || defined(MRB_USE_FLOAT) || defined(MRB_NAN_BOXING) || defined(MRB_WORD_BOXING)
+#if defined(MRB_64BIT) || defined(MRB_USE_FLOAT32) || defined(MRB_NAN_BOXING) || defined(MRB_WORD_BOXING)
 struct RBreak {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
-  struct RProc *proc;
+  const struct RProc *proc;
   mrb_value val;
 };
 #define mrb_break_value_get(brk) ((brk)->val)
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ struct RBreak {
 #else
 struct RBreak {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
-  struct RProc *proc;
+  const struct RProc *proc;
   union mrb_value_union value;
 };
 #define RBREAK_VALUE_TT_MASK ((1 << 8) - 1)
@@ -62,10 +63,43 @@ mrb_break_value_set(struct RBreak *brk, mrb_value val)
   brk->flags &= ~RBREAK_VALUE_TT_MASK;
   brk->flags |= val.tt;
 }
-#endif  /* MRB_64BIT || MRB_USE_FLOAT || MRB_NAN_BOXING || MRB_WORD_BOXING */
+#endif  /* MRB_64BIT || MRB_USE_FLOAT32 || MRB_NAN_BOXING || MRB_WORD_BOXING */
 #define mrb_break_proc_get(brk) ((brk)->proc)
 #define mrb_break_proc_set(brk, p) ((brk)->proc = p)
 
+#define RBREAK_TAG_FOREACH(f) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_BREAK, 0) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_BREAK_UPPER, 1) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_BREAK_INTARGET, 2) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_RETURN_BLOCK, 3) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_RETURN, 4) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_RETURN_TOPLEVEL, 5) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_JUMP, 6) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_STOP, 7)
+
+#define RBREAK_TAG_DEFINE(tag, i) tag = i,
+enum {
+  RBREAK_TAG_FOREACH(RBREAK_TAG_DEFINE)
+};
+#undef RBREAK_TAG_DEFINE
+
+#define RBREAK_TAG_BIT          3
+#define RBREAK_TAG_BIT_OFF      8
+#define RBREAK_TAG_MASK         (~(~UINT32_C(0) << RBREAK_TAG_BIT))
+
+static inline uint32_t
+mrb_break_tag_get(struct RBreak *brk)
+{
+  return (brk->flags >> RBREAK_TAG_BIT_OFF) & RBREAK_TAG_MASK;
+}
+
+static inline void
+mrb_break_tag_set(struct RBreak *brk, uint32_t tag)
+{
+  brk->flags &= ~(RBREAK_TAG_MASK << RBREAK_TAG_BIT_OFF);
+  brk->flags |= (tag & RBREAK_TAG_MASK) << RBREAK_TAG_BIT_OFF;
+}
+
 /**
  * Protect
  *

include/mruby/gc.h

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ struct mrb_state;
 #define MRB_EACH_OBJ_BREAK 1
 typedef int (mrb_each_object_callback)(struct mrb_state *mrb, struct RBasic *obj, void *data);
 void mrb_objspace_each_objects(struct mrb_state *mrb, mrb_each_object_callback *callback, void *data);
+size_t mrb_objspace_page_slot_size(void);
 MRB_API void mrb_free_context(struct mrb_state *mrb, struct mrb_context *c);
 
 #ifndef MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE

include/mruby/hash.h

@@ -14,15 +14,28 @@
  */
 MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
+/* offset of `iv` must be 3 words */
 struct RHash {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+  uint32_t size;
   struct iv_tbl *iv;
-  struct htable *ht;
+  uint32_t ea_capa;
+  uint32_t ea_n_used;
+#else
+  struct iv_tbl *iv;
+  uint32_t size;
+#endif
+  union {
+    struct hash_entry *ea;
+    struct hash_table *ht;
+  };
 };
 
 #define mrb_hash_ptr(v)    ((struct RHash*)(mrb_ptr(v)))
 #define mrb_hash_value(p)  mrb_obj_value((void*)(p))
 
+size_t mrb_hash_memsize(mrb_value obj);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_new_capa(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int capa);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ensure_hash_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_hash_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
@@ -178,8 +191,9 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_clear(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
 MRB_API mrb_int mrb_hash_size(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
 
 /*
- * Copies the hash.
- *
+ * Copies the hash. This function does NOT copy the instance variables
+ * (except for the default value). Use mrb_obj_dup() to copy the instance
+ * variables as well.
  *
  * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
  * @param hash The target hash.
@@ -197,16 +211,22 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_dup(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
  */
 MRB_API void mrb_hash_merge(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash1, mrb_value hash2);
 
-/* RHASH_TBL allocates st_table if not available. */
-#define RHASH(obj)   ((struct RHash*)(mrb_ptr(obj)))
-#define RHASH_TBL(h)          (RHASH(h)->ht)
-#define RHASH_IFNONE(h)       mrb_iv_get(mrb, (h), mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "ifnone"))
-#define RHASH_PROCDEFAULT(h)  RHASH_IFNONE(h)
+#define RHASH(hash) ((struct RHash*)(mrb_ptr(hash)))
 
-#define MRB_HASH_DEFAULT      1
-#define MRB_HASH_PROC_DEFAULT 2
-#define MRB_RHASH_DEFAULT_P(h) (RHASH(h)->flags & MRB_HASH_DEFAULT)
-#define MRB_RHASH_PROCDEFAULT_P(h) (RHASH(h)->flags & MRB_HASH_PROC_DEFAULT)
+#define MRB_HASH_IB_BIT_BIT         5
+#define MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_BIT     5
+#define MRB_HASH_IB_BIT_SHIFT       0
+#define MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_SHIFT   0
+#define MRB_HASH_AR_EA_N_USED_SHIFT MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_BIT
+#define MRB_HASH_SIZE_FLAGS_SHIFT   (MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_BIT * 2)
+#define MRB_HASH_IB_BIT_MASK        ((1 << MRB_HASH_IB_BIT_BIT) - 1)
+#define MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_MASK    ((1 << MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_BIT) - 1)
+#define MRB_HASH_AR_EA_N_USED_MASK  (MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_MASK << MRB_HASH_AR_EA_N_USED_SHIFT)
+#define MRB_HASH_DEFAULT            (1 << (MRB_HASH_SIZE_FLAGS_SHIFT + 0))
+#define MRB_HASH_PROC_DEFAULT       (1 << (MRB_HASH_SIZE_FLAGS_SHIFT + 1))
+#define MRB_HASH_HT                 (1 << (MRB_HASH_SIZE_FLAGS_SHIFT + 2))
+#define MRB_RHASH_DEFAULT_P(hash) (RHASH(hash)->flags & MRB_HASH_DEFAULT)
+#define MRB_RHASH_PROCDEFAULT_P(hash) (RHASH(hash)->flags & MRB_HASH_PROC_DEFAULT)
 
 /* GC functions */
 void mrb_gc_mark_hash(mrb_state*, struct RHash*);

include/mruby/irep.h

@@ -16,39 +16,85 @@
 MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
 enum irep_pool_type {
-  IREP_TT_STRING,
-  IREP_TT_FIXNUM,
-  IREP_TT_FLOAT,
+  IREP_TT_STR   = 0,          /* string (need free) */
+  IREP_TT_SSTR  = 2,          /* string (static) */
+  IREP_TT_INT32 = 1,          /* 32bit integer */
+  IREP_TT_INT64 = 3,          /* 64bit integer */
+  IREP_TT_FLOAT = 5,          /* float (double/float) */
 };
 
-struct mrb_locals {
-  mrb_sym name;
-  uint16_t r;
+#define IREP_TT_NFLAG 1       /* number (non string) flag */
+#define IREP_TT_SFLAG 2       /* static string flag */
+
+typedef struct mrb_pool_value {
+  uint32_t tt;     /* packed type and length (for string) */
+  union {
+    const char *str;
+    int32_t i32;
+#if defined(MRB_64BIT) || defined(MRB_INT64)
+    int64_t i64;
+#endif
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+    mrb_float f;
+#endif
+  } u;
+} mrb_pool_value;
+
+enum mrb_catch_type {
+  MRB_CATCH_RESCUE = 0,
+  MRB_CATCH_ENSURE = 1,
+};
+
+struct mrb_irep_catch_handler {
+  uint8_t type;         /* enum mrb_catch_type */
+  uint8_t begin[4];     /* The starting address to match the hander. Includes this. */
+  uint8_t end[4];       /* The endpoint address that matches the hander. Not Includes this. */
+  uint8_t target[4];    /* The address to jump to if a match is made. */
 };
 
 /* Program data array struct */
 typedef struct mrb_irep {
   uint16_t nlocals;        /* Number of local variables */
   uint16_t nregs;          /* Number of register variables */
+  uint16_t clen;           /* Number of catch handlers */
   uint8_t flags;
 
   const mrb_code *iseq;
-  mrb_value *pool;
-  mrb_sym *syms;
-  struct mrb_irep **reps;
+  /*
+   * A catch handler table is placed after the iseq entity.
+   * The reason it doesn't add fields to the structure is to keep the mrb_irep structure from bloating.
+   * The catch handler table can be obtained with `mrb_irep_catch_handler_table(irep)`.
+   */
+  const mrb_pool_value *pool;
+  const mrb_sym *syms;
+  const struct mrb_irep * const *reps;
 
-  struct mrb_locals *lv;
+  const mrb_sym *lv;
   /* debug info */
   struct mrb_irep_debug_info* debug_info;
 
-  uint16_t ilen, plen, slen, rlen;
-  uint32_t refcnt;
+  uint32_t ilen;
+  uint16_t plen, slen;
+  uint16_t rlen;
+  uint16_t refcnt;
 } mrb_irep;
 
 #define MRB_ISEQ_NO_FREE 1
+#define MRB_IREP_NO_FREE 2
+#define MRB_IREP_STATIC  (MRB_ISEQ_NO_FREE | MRB_IREP_NO_FREE)
 
 MRB_API mrb_irep *mrb_add_irep(mrb_state *mrb);
 
+/** load mruby bytecode functions
+* Please note! Currently due to interactions with the GC calling these functions will
+* leak one RProc object per function call.
+* To prevent this save the current memory arena before calling and restore the arena
+* right after, like so
+* int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb);
+* mrb_value status = mrb_load_irep(mrb, buffer);
+* mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+*/
+
 /* @param [const uint8_t*] irep code, expected as a literal */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_irep(mrb_state*, const uint8_t*);
 
@@ -77,11 +123,25 @@ struct mrb_insn_data {
   uint8_t insn;
   uint16_t a;
   uint16_t b;
-  uint8_t c;
+  uint16_t c;
 };
 
 struct mrb_insn_data mrb_decode_insn(const mrb_code *pc);
 
+static inline const struct mrb_irep_catch_handler *
+mrb_irep_catch_handler_table(const struct mrb_irep *irep)
+{
+  if (irep->clen > 0) {
+    return (const struct mrb_irep_catch_handler*)(irep->iseq + irep->ilen);
+  }
+  else {
+    return (const struct mrb_irep_catch_handler*)NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+#define mrb_irep_catch_handler_pack(n, v)   uint32_to_bin(n, v)
+#define mrb_irep_catch_handler_unpack(v)    bin_to_uint32(v)
+
 MRB_END_DECL
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_IREP_H */

include/mruby/istruct.h

@@ -21,7 +21,10 @@ MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
 struct RIStruct {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
-  char inline_data[ISTRUCT_DATA_SIZE];
+  union {
+    intptr_t inline_alignment[3];
+    char inline_data[ISTRUCT_DATA_SIZE];
+  };
 };
 
 #define RISTRUCT(obj)         ((struct RIStruct*)(mrb_ptr(obj)))

include/mruby/khash.h

@@ -61,7 +61,6 @@ static const uint8_t __m_either[] = {0x03, 0x0c, 0x30, 0xc0};
   typedef struct kh_##name {                                            \
     khint_t n_buckets;                                                  \
     khint_t size;                                                       \
-    khint_t n_occupied;                                                 \
     uint8_t *ed_flags;                                                  \
     khkey_t *keys;                                                      \
     khval_t *vals;                                                      \
@@ -92,19 +91,28 @@ kh_fill_flags(uint8_t *p, uint8_t c, size_t len)
    khval_t: value data type
    kh_is_map: (0: hash set / 1: hash map)
    __hash_func: hash function
-   __hash_equal: hash comparation function
+   __hash_equal: hash comparison function
 */
 #define KHASH_DEFINE(name, khkey_t, khval_t, kh_is_map, __hash_func, __hash_equal) \
-  void kh_alloc_##name(mrb_state *mrb, kh_##name##_t *h)                \
+  mrb_noreturn void mrb_raise_nomemory(mrb_state *mrb);                 \
+  int kh_alloc_simple_##name(mrb_state *mrb, kh_##name##_t *h)          \
   {                                                                     \
     khint_t sz = h->n_buckets;                                          \
     size_t len = sizeof(khkey_t) + (kh_is_map ? sizeof(khval_t) : 0);   \
-    uint8_t *p = (uint8_t*)mrb_malloc(mrb, sizeof(uint8_t)*sz/4+len*sz); \
-    h->size = h->n_occupied = 0;                                        \
+    uint8_t *p = (uint8_t*)mrb_malloc_simple(mrb, sizeof(uint8_t)*sz/4+len*sz); \
+    if (!p) { return 1; }                                               \
+    h->size = 0;                                                        \
     h->keys = (khkey_t *)p;                                             \
     h->vals = kh_is_map ? (khval_t *)(p+sizeof(khkey_t)*sz) : NULL;     \
     h->ed_flags = p+len*sz;                                             \
     kh_fill_flags(h->ed_flags, 0xaa, sz/4);                             \
+    return 0;                                                           \
+  }                                                                     \
+  void kh_alloc_##name(mrb_state *mrb, kh_##name##_t *h)                \
+  {                                                                     \
+    if (kh_alloc_simple_##name(mrb, h)) {                               \
+      mrb_raise_nomemory(mrb);                                          \
+    }                                                                   \
   }                                                                     \
   kh_##name##_t *kh_init_##name##_size(mrb_state *mrb, khint_t size) {  \
     kh_##name##_t *h = (kh_##name##_t*)mrb_calloc(mrb, 1, sizeof(kh_##name##_t)); \
@@ -112,7 +120,10 @@ kh_fill_flags(uint8_t *p, uint8_t c, size_t len)
       size = KHASH_MIN_SIZE;                                            \
     khash_power2(size);                                                 \
     h->n_buckets = size;                                                \
-    kh_alloc_##name(mrb, h);                                            \
+    if (kh_alloc_simple_##name(mrb, h)) {                               \
+      mrb_free(mrb, h);                                                 \
+      mrb_raise_nomemory(mrb);                                          \
+    }                                                                   \
     return h;                                                           \
   }                                                                     \
   kh_##name##_t *kh_init_##name(mrb_state *mrb) {                       \
@@ -130,7 +141,7 @@ kh_fill_flags(uint8_t *p, uint8_t c, size_t len)
     (void)mrb;                                                          \
     if (h && h->ed_flags) {                                             \
       kh_fill_flags(h->ed_flags, 0xaa, h->n_buckets/4);                 \
-      h->size = h->n_occupied = 0;                                      \
+      h->size = 0;                                                      \
     }                                                                   \
   }                                                                     \
   khint_t kh_get_##name(mrb_state *mrb, kh_##name##_t *h, khkey_t key)  \
@@ -174,7 +185,7 @@ kh_fill_flags(uint8_t *p, uint8_t c, size_t len)
   khint_t kh_put_##name(mrb_state *mrb, kh_##name##_t *h, khkey_t key, int *ret) \
   {                                                                     \
     khint_t k, del_k, step = 0;                                         \
-    if (h->n_occupied >= khash_upper_bound(h)) {                        \
+    if (h->size >= khash_upper_bound(h)) {                              \
       kh_resize_##name(mrb, h, h->n_buckets*2);                         \
     }                                                                   \
     k = __hash_func(mrb,key) & khash_mask(h);                           \
@@ -204,7 +215,6 @@ kh_fill_flags(uint8_t *p, uint8_t c, size_t len)
       h->keys[k] = key;                                                 \
       h->ed_flags[k/4] &= ~__m_empty[k%4];                              \
       h->size++;                                                        \
-      h->n_occupied++;                                                  \
       if (ret) *ret = 1;                                                \
       return k;                                                         \
     }                                                                   \

include/mruby/numeric.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /**
-** @file mruby/numeric.h - Numeric, Integer, Float, Fixnum class
+** @file mruby/numeric.h - Numeric, Integer, Float class
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -12,17 +12,17 @@
 /**
  * Numeric class and it's sub-classes.
  *
- * Integer, Float and Fixnum
+ * Integer and Float
  */
 MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
-#define TYPED_POSFIXABLE(f,t) ((f) <= (t)MRB_INT_MAX)
-#define TYPED_NEGFIXABLE(f,t) ((f) >= (t)MRB_INT_MIN)
+#define TYPED_POSFIXABLE(f,t) ((f) <= (t)MRB_FIXNUM_MAX)
+#define TYPED_NEGFIXABLE(f,t) ((f) >= (t)MRB_FIXNUM_MIN)
 #define TYPED_FIXABLE(f,t) (TYPED_POSFIXABLE(f,t) && TYPED_NEGFIXABLE(f,t))
 #define POSFIXABLE(f) TYPED_POSFIXABLE(f,mrb_int)
 #define NEGFIXABLE(f) TYPED_NEGFIXABLE(f,mrb_int)
 #define FIXABLE(f) TYPED_FIXABLE(f,mrb_int)
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 #ifdef MRB_INT64
 #define FIXABLE_FLOAT(f) ((f)>=-9223372036854775808.0 && (f)<9223372036854775808.0)
 #else
@@ -30,15 +30,15 @@ MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_flo_to_fixnum(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val);
 #endif
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_fixnum_to_str(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x, mrb_int base);
 /* ArgumentError if format string doesn't match /%(\.[0-9]+)?[aAeEfFgG]/ */
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_float_to_str(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x, const char *fmt);
+MRB_API int mrb_float_to_cstr(mrb_state *mrb, char *buf, size_t len, const char *fmt, mrb_float f);
 MRB_API mrb_float mrb_to_flo(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_int_value(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_float f);
 #endif
 
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_num_plus(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x, mrb_value y);
@@ -70,103 +70,77 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_num_mul(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x, mrb_value y);
 
 #ifdef MRB_HAVE_TYPE_GENERIC_CHECKED_ARITHMETIC_BUILTINS
 
-#ifndef MRB_WORD_BOXING
-# define WBCHK(x) 0
-#else
-# define WBCHK(x) !FIXABLE(x)
-#endif
-
 static inline mrb_bool
 mrb_int_add_overflow(mrb_int augend, mrb_int addend, mrb_int *sum)
 {
-  return __builtin_add_overflow(augend, addend, sum) || WBCHK(*sum);
+  return __builtin_add_overflow(augend, addend, sum);
 }
 
 static inline mrb_bool
 mrb_int_sub_overflow(mrb_int minuend, mrb_int subtrahend, mrb_int *difference)
 {
-  return __builtin_sub_overflow(minuend, subtrahend, difference) || WBCHK(*difference);
+  return __builtin_sub_overflow(minuend, subtrahend, difference);
 }
 
 static inline mrb_bool
 mrb_int_mul_overflow(mrb_int multiplier, mrb_int multiplicand, mrb_int *product)
 {
-  return __builtin_mul_overflow(multiplier, multiplicand, product) || WBCHK(*product);
+  return __builtin_mul_overflow(multiplier, multiplicand, product);
 }
 
-#undef WBCHK
-
 #else
 
-#define MRB_UINT_MAKE2(n) uint ## n ## _t
-#define MRB_UINT_MAKE(n) MRB_UINT_MAKE2(n)
-#define mrb_uint MRB_UINT_MAKE(MRB_INT_BIT)
-
-#define MRB_INT_OVERFLOW_MASK ((mrb_uint)1 << (MRB_INT_BIT - 1 - MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT))
+#define MRB_INT_OVERFLOW_MASK ((mrb_uint)1 << (MRB_INT_BIT - 1))
 
 static inline mrb_bool
-mrb_int_add_overflow(mrb_int augend, mrb_int addend, mrb_int *sum)
+mrb_int_add_overflow(mrb_int a, mrb_int b, mrb_int *c)
 {
-  mrb_uint x = (mrb_uint)augend;
-  mrb_uint y = (mrb_uint)addend;
+  mrb_uint x = (mrb_uint)a;
+  mrb_uint y = (mrb_uint)b;
   mrb_uint z = (mrb_uint)(x + y);
-  *sum = (mrb_int)z;
+  *c = (mrb_int)z;
   return !!(((x ^ z) & (y ^ z)) & MRB_INT_OVERFLOW_MASK);
 }
 
 static inline mrb_bool
-mrb_int_sub_overflow(mrb_int minuend, mrb_int subtrahend, mrb_int *difference)
+mrb_int_sub_overflow(mrb_int a, mrb_int b, mrb_int *c)
 {
-  mrb_uint x = (mrb_uint)minuend;
-  mrb_uint y = (mrb_uint)subtrahend;
+  mrb_uint x = (mrb_uint)a;
+  mrb_uint y = (mrb_uint)b;
   mrb_uint z = (mrb_uint)(x - y);
-  *difference = (mrb_int)z;
+  *c = (mrb_int)z;
   return !!(((x ^ z) & (~y ^ z)) & MRB_INT_OVERFLOW_MASK);
 }
 
 static inline mrb_bool
-mrb_int_mul_overflow(mrb_int multiplier, mrb_int multiplicand, mrb_int *product)
+mrb_int_mul_overflow(mrb_int a, mrb_int b, mrb_int *c)
 {
-#if MRB_INT_BIT == 32
-  int64_t n = (int64_t)multiplier * multiplicand;
-  *product = (mrb_int)n;
-  return !FIXABLE(n);
-#else
-  if (multiplier > 0) {
-    if (multiplicand > 0) {
-      if (multiplier > MRB_INT_MAX / multiplicand) return TRUE;
-    }
-    else {
-      if (multiplicand < MRB_INT_MAX / multiplier) return TRUE;
-    }
-  }
-  else {
-    if (multiplicand > 0) {
-      if (multiplier < MRB_INT_MAX / multiplicand) return TRUE;
-    }
-    else {
-      if (multiplier != 0 && multiplicand < MRB_INT_MAX / multiplier) return TRUE;
-    }
-  }
-  *product = multiplier * multiplicand;
+#ifdef MRB_INT32
+  int64_t n = (int64_t)a * b;
+  *c = (mrb_int)n;
+  return n > MRB_INT_MAX || n < MRB_INT_MIN;
+#else /* MRB_INT64 */
+  if (a > 0 && b > 0 && a > MRB_INT_MAX / b) return TRUE;
+  if (a < 0 && b > 0 && a < MRB_INT_MIN / b) return TRUE;
+  if (a > 0 && b < 0 && b < MRB_INT_MIN / a) return TRUE;
+  if (a < 0 && b < 0 && (a <= MRB_INT_MIN || b <= MRB_INT_MIN || -a > MRB_INT_MAX / -b))
+    return TRUE;
+  *c = a * b;
   return FALSE;
 #endif
 }
 
 #undef MRB_INT_OVERFLOW_MASK
-#undef mrb_uint
-#undef MRB_UINT_MAKE
-#undef MRB_UINT_MAKE2
 
 #endif
 
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 # include <stdint.h>
 # include <float.h>
 
 # define MRB_FLT_RADIX          FLT_RADIX
 
-# ifdef MRB_USE_FLOAT
+# ifdef MRB_USE_FLOAT32
 #  define MRB_FLT_MANT_DIG      FLT_MANT_DIG
 #  define MRB_FLT_EPSILON       FLT_EPSILON
 #  define MRB_FLT_DIG           FLT_DIG
@@ -177,7 +151,7 @@ mrb_int_mul_overflow(mrb_int multiplier, mrb_int multiplicand, mrb_int *product)
 #  define MRB_FLT_MAX           FLT_MAX
 #  define MRB_FLT_MAX_10_EXP    FLT_MAX_10_EXP
 
-# else /* not MRB_USE_FLOAT */
+# else /* not MRB_USE_FLOAT32 */
 #  define MRB_FLT_MANT_DIG      DBL_MANT_DIG
 #  define MRB_FLT_EPSILON       DBL_EPSILON
 #  define MRB_FLT_DIG           DBL_DIG
@@ -187,8 +161,8 @@ mrb_int_mul_overflow(mrb_int multiplier, mrb_int multiplicand, mrb_int *product)
 #  define MRB_FLT_MAX_EXP       DBL_MAX_EXP
 #  define MRB_FLT_MAX           DBL_MAX
 #  define MRB_FLT_MAX_10_EXP    DBL_MAX_10_EXP
-# endif /* MRB_USE_FLOAT */
-#endif /* MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT */
+# endif /* MRB_USE_FLOAT32 */
+#endif /* MRB_NO_FLOAT */
 
 MRB_END_DECL
 

include/mruby/opcode.h

@@ -36,34 +36,8 @@ enum mrb_insn {
 #define FETCH_BB() do {a=READ_B(); b=READ_B();} while (0)
 #define FETCH_BBB() do {a=READ_B(); b=READ_B(); c=READ_B();} while (0)
 #define FETCH_BS() do {a=READ_B(); b=READ_S();} while (0)
+#define FETCH_BSS() do {a=READ_B(); b=READ_S(); c=READ_S();} while (0)
 #define FETCH_S() do {a=READ_S();} while (0)
 #define FETCH_W() do {a=READ_W();} while (0)
 
-/* with OP_EXT1 (1st 16bit) */
-#define FETCH_Z_1() FETCH_Z()
-#define FETCH_B_1() FETCH_S()
-#define FETCH_BB_1() do {a=READ_S(); b=READ_B();} while (0)
-#define FETCH_BBB_1() do {a=READ_S(); b=READ_B(); c=READ_B();} while (0)
-#define FETCH_BS_1() do {a=READ_S(); b=READ_S();} while (0)
-#define FETCH_S_1() FETCH_S()
-#define FETCH_W_1() FETCH_W()
-
-/* with OP_EXT2 (2nd 16bit) */
-#define FETCH_Z_2() FETCH_Z()
-#define FETCH_B_2() FETCH_B()
-#define FETCH_BB_2() do {a=READ_B(); b=READ_S();} while (0)
-#define FETCH_BBB_2() do {a=READ_B(); b=READ_S(); c=READ_B();} while (0)
-#define FETCH_BS_2() FETCH_BS()
-#define FETCH_S_2() FETCH_S()
-#define FETCH_W_2() FETCH_W()
-
-/* with OP_EXT3 (1st & 2nd 16bit) */
-#define FETCH_Z_3() FETCH_Z()
-#define FETCH_B_3() FETCH_B()
-#define FETCH_BB_3() do {a=READ_S(); b=READ_S();} while (0)
-#define FETCH_BBB_3() do {a=READ_S(); b=READ_S(); c=READ_B();} while (0)
-#define FETCH_BS_3() do {a=READ_S(); b=READ_S();} while (0)
-#define FETCH_S_3() FETCH_S()
-#define FETCH_W_3() FETCH_W()
-
 #endif  /* MRUBY_OPCODE_H */

include/mruby/ops.h

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 /* operand types:
-   + Z: no operand (Z,Z,Z,Z)
-   + B: 8bit (B,S,B,B)
-   + BB: 8+8bit (BB,SB,BS,SS)
-   + BBB: 8+8+8bit (BBB,SBB,BSB,SSB)
-   + BS: 8+16bit (BS,SS,BS,BS)
-   + S: 16bit (S,S,S,S)
-   + W: 24bit (W,W,W,W)
+   + Z: no operand
+   + B: 8bit
+   + BB: 8+8bit
+   + BBB: 8+8+8bit
+   + BS: 8+16bit
+   + BSS: 8+16+16bit
+   + S: 16bit
+   + W: 24bit
 */
 
 /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ operation code    operands      semantics
 OPCODE(NOP,        Z)        /* no operation */
 OPCODE(MOVE,       BB)       /* R(a) = R(b) */
 OPCODE(LOADL,      BB)       /* R(a) = Pool(b) */
+OPCODE(LOADL16,    BS)       /* R(a) = Pool(b) */
 OPCODE(LOADI,      BB)       /* R(a) = mrb_int(b) */
 OPCODE(LOADINEG,   BB)       /* R(a) = mrb_int(-b) */
 OPCODE(LOADI__1,   B)        /* R(a) = mrb_int(-1) */
@@ -25,7 +27,10 @@ OPCODE(LOADI_4,    B)        /* R(a) = mrb_int(4) */
 OPCODE(LOADI_5,    B)        /* R(a) = mrb_int(5) */
 OPCODE(LOADI_6,    B)        /* R(a) = mrb_int(6) */
 OPCODE(LOADI_7,    B)        /* R(a) = mrb_int(7) */
+OPCODE(LOADI16,    BS)       /* R(a) = mrb_int(b) */
+OPCODE(LOADI32,    BSS)      /* R(a) = mrb_int((b<<16)+c) */
 OPCODE(LOADSYM,    BB)       /* R(a) = Syms(b) */
+OPCODE(LOADSYM16,  BS)       /* R(a) = Syms(b) */
 OPCODE(LOADNIL,    B)        /* R(a) = nil */
 OPCODE(LOADSELF,   B)        /* R(a) = self */
 OPCODE(LOADT,      B)        /* R(a) = true */
@@ -44,28 +49,26 @@ OPCODE(GETMCNST,   BB)       /* R(a) = R(a)::Syms(b) */
 OPCODE(SETMCNST,   BB)       /* R(a+1)::Syms(b) = R(a) */
 OPCODE(GETUPVAR,   BBB)      /* R(a) = uvget(b,c) */
 OPCODE(SETUPVAR,   BBB)      /* uvset(b,c,R(a)) */
-OPCODE(JMP,        S)        /* pc=a */
-OPCODE(JMPIF,      BS)       /* if R(a) pc=b */
-OPCODE(JMPNOT,     BS)       /* if !R(a) pc=b */
-OPCODE(JMPNIL,     BS)       /* if R(a)==nil pc=b */
-OPCODE(ONERR,      S)        /* rescue_push(a) */
+OPCODE(JMP,        S)        /* pc+=a */
+OPCODE(JMPIF,      BS)       /* if R(a) pc+=b */
+OPCODE(JMPNOT,     BS)       /* if !R(a) pc+=b */
+OPCODE(JMPNIL,     BS)       /* if R(a)==nil pc+=b */
+OPCODE(JMPUW,      S)        /* unwind_and_jump_to(a) */
 OPCODE(EXCEPT,     B)        /* R(a) = exc */
 OPCODE(RESCUE,     BB)       /* R(b) = R(a).isa?(R(b)) */
-OPCODE(POPERR,     B)        /* a.times{rescue_pop()} */
-OPCODE(RAISE,      B)        /* raise(R(a)) */
-OPCODE(EPUSH,      B)        /* ensure_push(SEQ[a]) */
-OPCODE(EPOP,       B)        /* A.times{ensure_pop().call} */
+OPCODE(RAISEIF,    B)        /* raise(R(a)) if R(a) */
 OPCODE(SENDV,      BB)       /* R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),*R(a+1)) */
 OPCODE(SENDVB,     BB)       /* R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),*R(a+1),&R(a+2)) */
 OPCODE(SEND,       BBB)      /* R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1),...,R(a+c)) */
 OPCODE(SENDB,      BBB)      /* R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1),...,R(a+c),&R(a+c+1)) */
+OPCODE(SENDVK,     BB)       /* R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),*R(a+1),**(a+2),&R(a+3)) # todo */
 OPCODE(CALL,       Z)        /* R(0) = self.call(frame.argc, frame.argv) */
 OPCODE(SUPER,      BB)       /* R(a) = super(R(a+1),... ,R(a+b+1)) */
 OPCODE(ARGARY,     BS)       /* R(a) = argument array (16=m5:r1:m5:d1:lv4) */
 OPCODE(ENTER,      W)        /* arg setup according to flags (23=m5:o5:r1:m5:k5:d1:b1) */
-OPCODE(KEY_P,      BB)       /* R(a) = kdict.key?(Syms(b))                      # todo */
-OPCODE(KEYEND,     Z)        /* raise unless kdict.empty?                       # todo */
-OPCODE(KARG,       BB)       /* R(a) = kdict[Syms(b)]; kdict.delete(Syms(b))    # todo */
+OPCODE(KEY_P,      BB)       /* R(a) = kdict.key?(Syms(b)) */
+OPCODE(KEYEND,     Z)        /* raise unless kdict.empty? */
+OPCODE(KARG,       BB)       /* R(a) = kdict[Syms(b)]; kdict.delete(Syms(b)) */
 OPCODE(RETURN,     B)        /* return R(a) (normal) */
 OPCODE(RETURN_BLK, B)        /* return R(a) (in-block return) */
 OPCODE(BREAK,      B)        /* break R(a) */
@@ -91,19 +94,24 @@ OPCODE(ASET,       BBB)      /* R(a)[c] = R(b) */
 OPCODE(APOST,      BBB)      /* *R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+c) = R(a)[b..] */
 OPCODE(INTERN,     B)        /* R(a) = intern(R(a)) */
 OPCODE(STRING,     BB)       /* R(a) = str_dup(Lit(b)) */
+OPCODE(STRING16,   BS)       /* R(a) = str_dup(Lit(b)) */
 OPCODE(STRCAT,     B)        /* str_cat(R(a),R(a+1)) */
-OPCODE(HASH,       BB)       /* R(a) = hash_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b)) */
-OPCODE(HASHADD,    BB)       /* R(a) = hash_push(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b)) */
+OPCODE(HASH,       BB)       /* R(a) = hash_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b*2-1)) */
+OPCODE(HASHADD,    BB)       /* R(a) = hash_push(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b*2)) */
 OPCODE(HASHCAT,    B)        /* R(a) = hash_cat(R(a),R(a+1)) */
 OPCODE(LAMBDA,     BB)       /* R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],L_LAMBDA) */
+OPCODE(LAMBDA16,   BS)       /* R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],L_LAMBDA) */
 OPCODE(BLOCK,      BB)       /* R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],L_BLOCK) */
+OPCODE(BLOCK16,    BS)       /* R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],L_BLOCK) */
 OPCODE(METHOD,     BB)       /* R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],L_METHOD) */
+OPCODE(METHOD16,   BS)       /* R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],L_METHOD) */
 OPCODE(RANGE_INC,  B)        /* R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),FALSE) */
 OPCODE(RANGE_EXC,  B)        /* R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),TRUE) */
 OPCODE(OCLASS,     B)        /* R(a) = ::Object */
 OPCODE(CLASS,      BB)       /* R(a) = newclass(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1)) */
 OPCODE(MODULE,     BB)       /* R(a) = newmodule(R(a),Syms(b)) */
 OPCODE(EXEC,       BB)       /* R(a) = blockexec(R(a),SEQ[b]) */
+OPCODE(EXEC16,     BS)       /* R(a) = blockexec(R(a),SEQ[b]) */
 OPCODE(DEF,        BB)       /* R(a).newmethod(Syms(b),R(a+1)) */
 OPCODE(ALIAS,      BB)       /* alias_method(target_class,Syms(a),Syms(b)) */
 OPCODE(UNDEF,      B)        /* undef_method(target_class,Syms(a)) */
@@ -111,7 +119,4 @@ OPCODE(SCLASS,     B)        /* R(a) = R(a).singleton_class */
 OPCODE(TCLASS,     B)        /* R(a) = target_class */
 OPCODE(DEBUG,      BBB)      /* print a,b,c */
 OPCODE(ERR,        B)        /* raise(LocalJumpError, Lit(a)) */
-OPCODE(EXT1,       Z)        /* make 1st operand 16bit */
-OPCODE(EXT2,       Z)        /* make 2nd operand 16bit */
-OPCODE(EXT3,       Z)        /* make 1st and 2nd operands 16bit */
 OPCODE(STOP,       Z)        /* stop VM */

include/mruby/presym.h

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+** @file mruby/presym.h - Preallocated Symbols
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef MRUBY_PRESYM_H
+#define MRUBY_PRESYM_H
+
+#if defined(MRB_NO_PRESYM)
+# include <mruby/presym/disable.h>
+#elif !defined(MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING)
+# include <mruby/presym/enable.h>
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Where `mrb_intern_lit` is allowed for symbol interning, it is directly
+ * replaced by the symbol ID if presym is enabled by using the following
+ * macros.
+ *
+ *   MRB_OPSYM(xor)  //=> ^      (Operator)
+ *   MRB_CVSYM(xor)  //=> @@xor  (Class Variable)
+ *   MRB_IVSYM(xor)  //=> @xor   (Instance Variable)
+ *   MRB_SYM_B(xor)  //=> xor!   (Method with Bang)
+ *   MRB_SYM_Q(xor)  //=> xor?   (Method with Question mark)
+ *   MRB_SYM_E(xor)  //=> xor=   (Method with Equal)
+ *   MRB_SYM(xor)    //=> xor    (Word characters)
+ *
+ * For `MRB_OPSYM`, specify the names corresponding to operators (see
+ * `MRuby::Presym::OPERATORS` in `lib/mruby/presym.rb` for the names that
+ * can be specified for it). Other than that, describe only word characters
+ * excluding leading and ending punctuations.
+ *
+ * These macros are expanded to `mrb_intern_lit` if presym is disabled,
+ * therefore the mruby state variable is required. The above macros can be
+ * used when the variable name is `mrb`. If you want to use other variable
+ * names, you need to use macros with `_2` suffix, such as `MRB_SYM_2`.
+ */
+
+#endif  /* MRUBY_PRESYM_H */

include/mruby/presym/disable.h

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/**
+** @file mruby/presym/disable.h - Disable Preallocated Symbols
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef MRUBY_PRESYM_DISABLE_H
+#define MRUBY_PRESYM_DISABLE_H
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define MRB_PRESYM_MAX 0
+
+#define MRB_OPSYM(name) MRB_OPSYM__##name(mrb)
+#define MRB_CVSYM(name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "@@" #name)
+#define MRB_IVSYM(name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "@" #name)
+#define MRB_SYM_B(name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, #name "!")
+#define MRB_SYM_Q(name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, #name "?")
+#define MRB_SYM_E(name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, #name "=")
+#define MRB_SYM(name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, #name)
+
+#define MRB_OPSYM_2(mrb, name) MRB_OPSYM__##name(mrb)
+#define MRB_CVSYM_2(mrb, name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "@@" #name)
+#define MRB_IVSYM_2(mrb, name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "@" #name)
+#define MRB_SYM_B_2(mrb, name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, #name "!")
+#define MRB_SYM_Q_2(mrb, name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, #name "?")
+#define MRB_SYM_E_2(mrb, name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, #name "=")
+#define MRB_SYM_2(mrb, name) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, #name)
+
+#define MRB_OPSYM__not(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "!")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__mod(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "%")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__and(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "&")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__mul(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "*")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__add(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "+")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__sub(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "-")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__div(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "/")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__lt(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "<")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__gt(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, ">")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__xor(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "^")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__tick(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "`")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__or(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "|")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__neg(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "~")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__neq(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "!=")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__nmatch(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "!~")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__andand(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "&&")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__pow(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "**")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__plus(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "+@")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__minus(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "-@")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__lshift(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "<<")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__le(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "<=")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__eq(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "==")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__match(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "=~")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__ge(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, ">=")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__rshift(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, ">>")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__aref(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "[]")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__oror(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "||")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__cmp(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "<=>")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__eqq(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "===")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__aset(mrb) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "[]=")
+
+#define MRB_PRESYM_DEFINE_VAR_AND_INITER(name, size, ...)                     \
+  static mrb_sym name[size];                                                  \
+  static void presym_init_##name(mrb_state *mrb) {                            \
+    mrb_sym name__[] = {__VA_ARGS__};                                         \
+    memcpy(name, name__, sizeof(name));                                       \
+  }
+
+#define MRB_PRESYM_INIT_SYMBOLS(mrb, name) presym_init_##name(mrb)
+
+#endif  /* MRUBY_PRESYM_DISABLE_H */

include/mruby/presym/enable.h

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/**
+** @file mruby/presym/enable.h - Enable Preallocated Symbols
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef MRUBY_PRESYM_ENABLE_H
+#define MRUBY_PRESYM_ENABLE_H
+
+#include <mruby/presym/id.h>
+
+#define MRB_OPSYM(name) MRB_OPSYM__##name
+#define MRB_CVSYM(name) MRB_CVSYM__##name
+#define MRB_IVSYM(name) MRB_IVSYM__##name
+#define MRB_SYM_B(name) MRB_SYM_B__##name
+#define MRB_SYM_Q(name) MRB_SYM_Q__##name
+#define MRB_SYM_E(name) MRB_SYM_E__##name
+#define MRB_SYM(name) MRB_SYM__##name
+
+#define MRB_OPSYM_2(mrb, name) MRB_OPSYM__##name
+#define MRB_CVSYM_2(mrb, name) MRB_CVSYM__##name
+#define MRB_IVSYM_2(mrb, name) MRB_IVSYM__##name
+#define MRB_SYM_B_2(mrb, name) MRB_SYM_B__##name
+#define MRB_SYM_Q_2(mrb, name) MRB_SYM_Q__##name
+#define MRB_SYM_E_2(mrb, name) MRB_SYM_E__##name
+#define MRB_SYM_2(mrb, name) MRB_SYM__##name
+
+#define MRB_PRESYM_DEFINE_VAR_AND_INITER(name, size, ...)                     \
+  static const mrb_sym name[] = {__VA_ARGS__};
+
+#define MRB_PRESYM_INIT_SYMBOLS(mrb, name) (void)(mrb)
+
+/* use MRB_SYM() for E_RUNTIME_ERROR etc. */
+#undef MRB_ERROR_SYM
+#define MRB_ERROR_SYM(sym) MRB_SYM(sym)
+
+#endif  /* MRUBY_PRESYM_ENABLE_H */

include/mruby/presym/scanning.h

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+** @file mruby/presym/scanning.h - Scanning Preallocated Symbols
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef MRUBY_PRESYM_SCANNING_H
+#define MRUBY_PRESYM_SCANNING_H
+
+#define MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(arg) <@! arg !@>
+
+#undef mrb_intern_lit
+#define mrb_intern_lit(mrb, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_intern_cstr(mrb, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_method(mrb, c, name, f, a) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_class_method(mrb, c, name, f, a) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_singleton_method(mrb, c, name, f, a) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_class(mrb, name, s) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_class_under(mrb, o, name, s) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_module(mrb, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_module_under(mrb, o, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_module_function(mrb, c, name, f, s) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_const(mrb, c, name, v) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+#define mrb_define_global_const(mrb, name, v) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(name)
+
+#define MRB_OPSYM(name) MRB_OPSYM__##name(mrb)
+#define MRB_CVSYM(name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("@@" #name)
+#define MRB_IVSYM(name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("@" #name)
+#define MRB_SYM_B(name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(#name "!")
+#define MRB_SYM_Q(name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(#name "?")
+#define MRB_SYM_E(name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(#name "=")
+#define MRB_SYM(name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(#name)
+
+#define MRB_OPSYM_2(mrb, name) MRB_OPSYM__##name(mrb)
+#define MRB_CVSYM_2(mrb, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("@@" #name)
+#define MRB_IVSYM_2(mrb, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("@" #name)
+#define MRB_SYM_B_2(mrb, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(#name "!")
+#define MRB_SYM_Q_2(mrb, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(#name "?")
+#define MRB_SYM_E_2(mrb, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(#name "=")
+#define MRB_SYM_2(mrb, name) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(#name)
+
+#define MRB_OPSYM__not(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("!")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__mod(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("%")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__and(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("&")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__mul(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("*")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__add(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("+")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__sub(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("-")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__div(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("/")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__lt(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("<")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__gt(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(">")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__xor(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("^")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__tick(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("`")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__or(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("|")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__neg(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("~")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__neq(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("!=")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__nmatch(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("!~")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__andand(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("&&")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__pow(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("**")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__plus(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("+@")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__minus(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("-@")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__lshift(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("<<")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__le(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("<=")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__eq(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("==")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__match(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("=~")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__ge(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(">=")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__rshift(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED(">>")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__aref(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("[]")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__oror(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("||")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__cmp(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("<=>")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__eqq(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("===")
+#define MRB_OPSYM__aset(mrb) MRB_PRESYM_SCANNING_TAGGED("[]=")
+
+#endif  /* MRUBY_PRESYM_SCANNING_H */

include/mruby/proc.h

@@ -22,24 +22,29 @@ struct REnv {
   mrb_sym mid;
 };
 
-/* flags (21bits): 1(shared flag):10(cioff/bidx):10(stack_len) */
-#define MRB_ENV_SET_STACK_LEN(e,len) ((e)->flags = (((e)->flags & ~0x3ff)|((unsigned int)(len) & 0x3ff)))
-#define MRB_ENV_STACK_LEN(e) ((mrb_int)((e)->flags & 0x3ff))
-#define MRB_ENV_STACK_UNSHARED (1<<20)
-#define MRB_ENV_UNSHARE_STACK(e) ((e)->flags |= MRB_ENV_STACK_UNSHARED)
-#define MRB_ENV_STACK_SHARED_P(e) (((e)->flags & MRB_ENV_STACK_UNSHARED) == 0)
-#define MRB_ENV_BIDX(e) (((e)->flags >> 10) & 0x3ff)
-#define MRB_ENV_SET_BIDX(e,idx) ((e)->flags = (((e)->flags & ~(0x3ff<<10))|((unsigned int)(idx) & 0x3ff)<<10))
+/* flags (21bits): 1(close):1(touched):1(heap):8(cioff/bidx):8(stack_len) */
+#define MRB_ENV_SET_LEN(e,len) ((e)->flags = (((e)->flags & ~0xff)|((unsigned int)(len) & 0xff)))
+#define MRB_ENV_LEN(e) ((mrb_int)((e)->flags & 0xff))
+#define MRB_ENV_CLOSED (1<<20)
+#define MRB_ENV_TOUCHED (1<<19)
+#define MRB_ENV_HEAPED (1<<18)
+#define MRB_ENV_CLOSE(e) ((e)->flags |= MRB_ENV_CLOSED)
+#define MRB_ENV_TOUCH(e) ((e)->flags |= MRB_ENV_TOUCHED)
+#define MRB_ENV_HEAP(e) ((e)->flags |= MRB_ENV_HEAPED)
+#define MRB_ENV_HEAP_P(e) ((e)->flags & MRB_ENV_HEAPED)
+#define MRB_ENV_ONSTACK_P(e) (((e)->flags & MRB_ENV_CLOSED) == 0)
+#define MRB_ENV_BIDX(e) (((e)->flags >> 8) & 0xff)
+#define MRB_ENV_SET_BIDX(e,idx) ((e)->flags = (((e)->flags & ~(0xff<<8))|((unsigned int)(idx) & 0xff)<<8))
 
 void mrb_env_unshare(mrb_state*, struct REnv*);
 
 struct RProc {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
   union {
-    mrb_irep *irep;
+    const mrb_irep *irep;
     mrb_func_t func;
   } body;
-  struct RProc *upper;
+  const struct RProc *upper;
   union {
     struct RClass *target_class;
     struct REnv *env;
@@ -52,7 +57,7 @@ struct RProc {
 #define MRB_ASPEC_REST(a)         (((a) >> 12) & 0x1)
 #define MRB_ASPEC_POST(a)         (((a) >> 7) & 0x1f)
 #define MRB_ASPEC_KEY(a)          (((a) >> 2) & 0x1f)
-#define MRB_ASPEC_KDICT(a)        ((a) & (1<<1))
+#define MRB_ASPEC_KDICT(a)        (((a) >> 1) & 0x1)
 #define MRB_ASPEC_BLOCK(a)        ((a) & 1)
 
 #define MRB_PROC_CFUNC_FL 128
@@ -81,16 +86,13 @@ struct RProc {
 
 #define mrb_proc_ptr(v)    ((struct RProc*)(mrb_ptr(v)))
 
-struct RProc *mrb_proc_new(mrb_state*, mrb_irep*);
-struct RProc *mrb_closure_new(mrb_state*, mrb_irep*);
+struct RProc *mrb_proc_new(mrb_state*, const mrb_irep*);
+struct RProc *mrb_closure_new(mrb_state*, const mrb_irep*);
 MRB_API struct RProc *mrb_proc_new_cfunc(mrb_state*, mrb_func_t);
 MRB_API struct RProc *mrb_closure_new_cfunc(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t func, int nlocals);
 void mrb_proc_copy(struct RProc *a, struct RProc *b);
 mrb_int mrb_proc_arity(const struct RProc *p);
 
-/* implementation of #send method */
-mrb_value mrb_f_send(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
-
 /* following functions are defined in mruby-proc-ext so please include it when using */
 MRB_API struct RProc *mrb_proc_new_cfunc_with_env(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t func, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_proc_cfunc_env_get(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int idx);
@@ -99,10 +101,11 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_proc_cfunc_env_get(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int idx);
 
 #define MRB_METHOD_FUNC_FL 1
 #define MRB_METHOD_NOARG_FL 2
-#ifndef MRB_METHOD_T_STRUCT
+
+#ifndef MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
 
 #define MRB_METHOD_FUNC_P(m) (((uintptr_t)(m))&MRB_METHOD_FUNC_FL)
-#define MRB_METHOD_NOARG_P(m) (((uintptr_t)(m))&MRB_METHOD_NOARG_FL)
+#define MRB_METHOD_NOARG_P(m) ((((uintptr_t)(m))&MRB_METHOD_NOARG_FL)?1:0)
 #define MRB_METHOD_NOARG_SET(m) ((m)=(mrb_method_t)(((uintptr_t)(m))|MRB_METHOD_NOARG_FL))
 #define MRB_METHOD_FUNC(m) ((mrb_func_t)((uintptr_t)(m)>>2))
 #define MRB_METHOD_FROM_FUNC(m,fn) ((m)=(mrb_method_t)((((uintptr_t)(fn))<<2)|MRB_METHOD_FUNC_FL))
@@ -114,7 +117,7 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_proc_cfunc_env_get(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int idx);
 #else
 
 #define MRB_METHOD_FUNC_P(m) ((m).flags&MRB_METHOD_FUNC_FL)
-#define MRB_METHOD_NOARG_P(m) ((m).flags&MRB_METHOD_NOARG_FL)
+#define MRB_METHOD_NOARG_P(m) (((m).flags&MRB_METHOD_NOARG_FL)?1:0)
 #define MRB_METHOD_FUNC(m) ((m).func)
 #define MRB_METHOD_NOARG_SET(m) do{(m).flags|=MRB_METHOD_NOARG_FL;}while(0)
 #define MRB_METHOD_FROM_FUNC(m,fn) do{(m).flags=MRB_METHOD_FUNC_FL;(m).func=(fn);}while(0)
@@ -123,14 +126,83 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_proc_cfunc_env_get(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int idx);
 #define MRB_METHOD_PROC(m) ((m).proc)
 #define MRB_METHOD_UNDEF_P(m) ((m).proc==NULL)
 
-#endif /* MRB_METHOD_T_STRUCT */
+#endif /* MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT */
 
 #define MRB_METHOD_CFUNC_P(m) (MRB_METHOD_FUNC_P(m)?TRUE:(MRB_METHOD_PROC(m)?(MRB_PROC_CFUNC_P(MRB_METHOD_PROC(m))):FALSE))
 #define MRB_METHOD_CFUNC(m) (MRB_METHOD_FUNC_P(m)?MRB_METHOD_FUNC(m):((MRB_METHOD_PROC(m)&&MRB_PROC_CFUNC_P(MRB_METHOD_PROC(m)))?MRB_PROC_CFUNC(MRB_METHOD_PROC(m)):NULL))
 
 
 #include <mruby/khash.h>
-KHASH_DECLARE(mt, mrb_sym, mrb_method_t, TRUE)
+
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_proc(mrb_state *mrb, const struct RProc *proc);
+
+static inline void
+mrb_vm_ci_proc_set(mrb_callinfo *ci, const struct RProc *p)
+{
+  ci->proc = p;
+  ci->pc = (p && !MRB_PROC_CFUNC_P(p)) ? p->body.irep->iseq : NULL;
+}
+
+static inline struct RClass *
+mrb_vm_ci_target_class(const mrb_callinfo *ci)
+{
+  if (ci->u.env && ci->u.env->tt == MRB_TT_ENV) {
+    return ci->u.env->c;
+  }
+  else {
+    return ci->u.target_class;
+  }
+}
+
+static inline void
+mrb_vm_ci_target_class_set(mrb_callinfo *ci, struct RClass *tc)
+{
+  struct REnv *e = ci->u.env;
+  if (e) {
+    if (e->tt == MRB_TT_ENV) {
+      e->c = tc;
+    }
+    else {
+      ci->u.target_class = tc;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static inline struct REnv *
+mrb_vm_ci_env(const mrb_callinfo *ci)
+{
+  if (ci->u.env && ci->u.env->tt == MRB_TT_ENV) {
+    return ci->u.env;
+  }
+  else {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+static inline void
+mrb_vm_ci_env_set(mrb_callinfo *ci, struct REnv *e)
+{
+  if (ci->u.env) {
+    if (ci->u.env->tt == MRB_TT_ENV) {
+      if (e) {
+        e->c = ci->u.env->c;
+        ci->u.env = e;
+      }
+      else {
+        ci->u.target_class = ci->u.env->c;
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      if (e) {
+        e->c = ci->u.target_class;
+        ci->u.env = e;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    ci->u.env = e;
+  }
+}
 
 MRB_END_DECL
 

include/mruby/string.h

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ struct RString {
 };
 struct RStringEmbed {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
-  char ary[];
+  char ary[RSTRING_EMBED_LEN_MAX+1];
 };
 
 #define RSTR_SET_TYPE_FLAG(s, type) (RSTR_UNSET_TYPE_FLAG(s), (s)->flags |= MRB_STR_##type)
@@ -92,9 +92,6 @@ struct RStringEmbed {
 # define RSTR_COPY_ASCII_FLAG(dst, src) (void)0
 #endif
 
-#define RSTR_POOL_P(s) ((s)->flags & MRB_STR_POOL)
-#define RSTR_SET_POOL_FLAG(s) ((s)->flags |= MRB_STR_POOL)
-
 /**
  * Returns a pointer from a Ruby string
  */
@@ -112,13 +109,11 @@ MRB_API mrb_int mrb_str_strlen(mrb_state*, struct RString*);
 #define MRB_STR_FSHARED   2
 #define MRB_STR_NOFREE    4
 #define MRB_STR_EMBED     8  /* type flags up to here */
-#define MRB_STR_POOL     16  /* status flags from here */
-#define MRB_STR_ASCII    32
+#define MRB_STR_ASCII    16
 #define MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT 6
 #define MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_BIT 5
 #define MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_MASK (((1 << MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_BIT) - 1) << MRB_STR_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT)
-#define MRB_STR_TYPE_MASK (MRB_STR_POOL - 1)
-
+#define MRB_STR_TYPE_MASK 15
 
 void mrb_gc_free_str(mrb_state*, struct RString*);
 
@@ -164,7 +159,7 @@ MRB_API mrb_int mrb_str_index(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str, const char *p, mrb_
  *
  *       mrb_close(mrb);
  *       return 0;
- *     } 
+ *     }
  *
  * Result:
  *
@@ -344,15 +339,15 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_string_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
 
 
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_new_capa(mrb_state *mrb, size_t capa);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_buf_new(mrb_state *mrb, size_t capa);
+#define mrb_str_buf_new(mrb, capa) mrb_str_new_capa(mrb, (capa))
 
 /* NULL terminated C string from mrb_value */
 MRB_API const char *mrb_string_cstr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
 /* NULL terminated C string from mrb_value; `str` will be updated */
 MRB_API const char *mrb_string_value_cstr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value *str);
-/* obslete: use RSTRING_PTR() */
+/* obsolete: use RSTRING_PTR() */
 MRB_API const char *mrb_string_value_ptr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
-/* obslete: use RSTRING_LEN() */
+/* obsolete: use RSTRING_LEN() */
 MRB_API mrb_int mrb_string_value_len(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
 
 /**
@@ -382,8 +377,9 @@ MRB_API double mrb_cstr_to_dbl(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s, mrb_bool badcheck)
 /**
  * Returns a converted string type.
  * For type checking, non converting `mrb_to_str` is recommended.
+ * obsolete: use `mrb_obj_as_string()` instead.
  */
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_str_to_str(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
+#define mrb_str_to_str(mrb, str) mrb_obj_as_string(mrb, str)
 
 /**
  * Returns true if the strings match and false if the strings don't match.
@@ -437,7 +433,7 @@ MRB_API int mrb_str_cmp(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str1, mrb_value str2);
  * - Returned string does not contain any NUL characters (but terminator).
  * - It raises an ArgumentError exception if Ruby string contains
  *   NUL characters.
- * - Retured string will be freed automatically on next GC.
+ * - Returned string will be freed automatically on next GC.
  * - Caller can modify returned string without affecting Ruby string
  *   (e.g. it can be used for mkstemp(3)).
  *
@@ -447,7 +443,6 @@ MRB_API int mrb_str_cmp(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str1, mrb_value str2);
  */
 MRB_API char *mrb_str_to_cstr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
 
-mrb_value mrb_str_pool(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s, mrb_int len, mrb_bool nofree);
 uint32_t mrb_str_hash(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
 mrb_value mrb_str_dump(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value str);
 

include/mruby/throw.h

@@ -7,13 +7,15 @@
 #ifndef MRB_THROW_H
 #define MRB_THROW_H
 
-#if defined(MRB_ENABLE_CXX_ABI)
+#if defined(MRB_USE_CXX_ABI)
 # if !defined(__cplusplus)
 #  error Trying to use C++ exception handling in C code
 # endif
 #endif
 
-#if defined(MRB_ENABLE_CXX_EXCEPTION) && defined(__cplusplus)
+#if defined(MRB_USE_CXX_EXCEPTION)
+
+# if defined(__cplusplus)
 
 #define MRB_TRY(buf) try {
 #define MRB_CATCH(buf) } catch(mrb_jmpbuf_impl e) { if (e != (buf)->impl) { throw e; }
@@ -22,6 +24,10 @@
 #define MRB_THROW(buf) throw((buf)->impl)
 typedef mrb_int mrb_jmpbuf_impl;
 
+# else
+# error "need to be compiled with C++ compiler"
+# endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
 #else
 
 #include <setjmp.h>
@@ -29,6 +35,9 @@ typedef mrb_int mrb_jmpbuf_impl;
 #if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)
 #define MRB_SETJMP _setjmp
 #define MRB_LONGJMP _longjmp
+#elif defined(__MINGW64__) && defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 4
+#define MRB_SETJMP __builtin_setjmp
+#define MRB_LONGJMP __builtin_longjmp
 #else
 #define MRB_SETJMP setjmp
 #define MRB_LONGJMP longjmp
@@ -46,9 +55,11 @@ typedef mrb_int mrb_jmpbuf_impl;
 struct mrb_jmpbuf {
   mrb_jmpbuf_impl impl;
 
-#if defined(MRB_ENABLE_CXX_EXCEPTION) && defined(__cplusplus)
+#if defined(MRB_USE_CXX_EXCEPTION)
   static mrb_int jmpbuf_id;
+# if defined(__cplusplus)
   mrb_jmpbuf() : impl(jmpbuf_id++) {}
+# endif
 #endif
 };
 

include/mruby/value.h

@@ -53,17 +53,19 @@ struct mrb_state;
 
 #if defined(MRB_INT64)
   typedef int64_t mrb_int;
+  typedef uint64_t mrb_uint;
 # define MRB_INT_BIT 64
-# define MRB_INT_MIN (INT64_MIN>>MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
-# define MRB_INT_MAX (INT64_MAX>>MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
+# define MRB_INT_MIN INT64_MIN
+# define MRB_INT_MAX INT64_MAX
 # define MRB_PRIo PRIo64
 # define MRB_PRId PRId64
 # define MRB_PRIx PRIx64
 #else
   typedef int32_t mrb_int;
+  typedef uint32_t mrb_uint;
 # define MRB_INT_BIT 32
-# define MRB_INT_MIN (INT32_MIN>>MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
-# define MRB_INT_MAX (INT32_MAX>>MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
+# define MRB_INT_MIN INT32_MIN
+# define MRB_INT_MAX INT32_MAX
 # define MRB_PRIo PRIo32
 # define MRB_PRId PRId32
 # define MRB_PRIx PRIx32
@@ -75,9 +77,9 @@ struct mrb_state;
 # define MRB_ENDIAN_LOHI(a,b) b a
 #endif
 
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 MRB_API double mrb_float_read(const char*, char**);
-#ifdef MRB_USE_FLOAT
+#ifdef MRB_USE_FLOAT32
   typedef float mrb_float;
 #else
   typedef double mrb_float;
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ MRB_API int mrb_msvc_vsnprintf(char *s, size_t n, const char *format, va_list ar
 MRB_API int mrb_msvc_snprintf(char *s, size_t n, const char *format, ...);
 # define vsnprintf(s, n, format, arg) mrb_msvc_vsnprintf(s, n, format, arg)
 # define snprintf(s, n, format, ...) mrb_msvc_snprintf(s, n, format, __VA_ARGS__)
-# if _MSC_VER < 1800 && !defined MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+# if _MSC_VER < 1800 && !defined MRB_NO_FLOAT
 #  include <float.h>
 #  define isfinite(n) _finite(n)
 #  define isnan _isnan
@@ -103,34 +105,36 @@ static const unsigned int IEEE754_INFINITY_BITS_SINGLE = 0x7F800000;
 #endif
 
 enum mrb_vtype {
-  MRB_TT_FALSE = 0,   /*   0 */
-  MRB_TT_TRUE,        /*   1 */
-  MRB_TT_FLOAT,       /*   2 */
-  MRB_TT_FIXNUM,      /*   3 */
-  MRB_TT_SYMBOL,      /*   4 */
-  MRB_TT_UNDEF,       /*   5 */
-  MRB_TT_CPTR,        /*   6 */
-  MRB_TT_FREE,        /*   7 */
-  MRB_TT_OBJECT,      /*   8 */
-  MRB_TT_CLASS,       /*   9 */
-  MRB_TT_MODULE,      /*  10 */
-  MRB_TT_ICLASS,      /*  11 */
-  MRB_TT_SCLASS,      /*  12 */
-  MRB_TT_PROC,        /*  13 */
-  MRB_TT_ARRAY,       /*  14 */
-  MRB_TT_HASH,        /*  15 */
-  MRB_TT_STRING,      /*  16 */
-  MRB_TT_RANGE,       /*  17 */
-  MRB_TT_EXCEPTION,   /*  18 */
-  MRB_TT_FILE,        /*  19 */
-  MRB_TT_ENV,         /*  20 */
-  MRB_TT_DATA,        /*  21 */
-  MRB_TT_FIBER,       /*  22 */
-  MRB_TT_ISTRUCT,     /*  23 */
-  MRB_TT_BREAK,       /*  24 */
-  MRB_TT_MAXDEFINE    /*  25 */
+  MRB_TT_FALSE = 0,
+  MRB_TT_TRUE,
+  MRB_TT_FLOAT,
+  MRB_TT_INTEGER,
+  MRB_TT_SYMBOL,
+  MRB_TT_UNDEF,
+  MRB_TT_CPTR,
+  MRB_TT_FREE,
+  MRB_TT_OBJECT,
+  MRB_TT_CLASS,
+  MRB_TT_MODULE,
+  MRB_TT_ICLASS,
+  MRB_TT_SCLASS,
+  MRB_TT_PROC,
+  MRB_TT_ARRAY,
+  MRB_TT_HASH,
+  MRB_TT_STRING,
+  MRB_TT_RANGE,
+  MRB_TT_EXCEPTION,
+  MRB_TT_ENV,
+  MRB_TT_DATA,
+  MRB_TT_FIBER,
+  MRB_TT_ISTRUCT,
+  MRB_TT_BREAK,
+  MRB_TT_MAXDEFINE
 };
 
+/* for compatibility */
+#define MRB_TT_FIXNUM MRB_TT_INTEGER
+
 #include <mruby/object.h>
 
 #ifdef MRB_DOCUMENTATION_BLOCK
@@ -149,6 +153,13 @@ typedef void mrb_value;
 
 #endif
 
+#if defined(MRB_WORD_BOXING) || (defined(MRB_NAN_BOXING) && defined(MRB_64BIT))
+struct RCptr {
+  MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
+  void *p;
+};
+#endif
+
 #if defined(MRB_NAN_BOXING)
 #include "boxing_nan.h"
 #elif defined(MRB_WORD_BOXING)
@@ -157,12 +168,9 @@ typedef void mrb_value;
 #include "boxing_no.h"
 #endif
 
-#define MRB_SYMBOL_BIT (sizeof(mrb_sym) * CHAR_BIT - MRB_SYMBOL_SHIFT)
-#define MRB_SYMBOL_MAX (UINT32_MAX >> MRB_SYMBOL_SHIFT)
-
 #if INTPTR_MAX < MRB_INT_MAX
   typedef intptr_t mrb_ssize;
-# define MRB_SSIZE_MAX (INTPTR_MAX>>MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
+# define MRB_SSIZE_MAX INTPTR_MAX
 #else
   typedef mrb_int mrb_ssize;
 # define MRB_SSIZE_MAX MRB_INT_MAX
@@ -171,8 +179,11 @@ typedef void mrb_value;
 #ifndef mrb_immediate_p
 #define mrb_immediate_p(o) (mrb_type(o) < MRB_TT_FREE)
 #endif
+#ifndef mrb_integer_p
+#define mrb_integer_p(o) (mrb_type(o) == MRB_TT_INTEGER)
+#endif
 #ifndef mrb_fixnum_p
-#define mrb_fixnum_p(o) (mrb_type(o) == MRB_TT_FIXNUM)
+#define mrb_fixnum_p(o) mrb_integer_p(o)
 #endif
 #ifndef mrb_symbol_p
 #define mrb_symbol_p(o) (mrb_type(o) == MRB_TT_SYMBOL)
@@ -189,7 +200,7 @@ typedef void mrb_value;
 #ifndef mrb_true_p
 #define mrb_true_p(o)  (mrb_type(o) == MRB_TT_TRUE)
 #endif
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 #ifndef mrb_float_p
 #define mrb_float_p(o) (mrb_type(o) == MRB_TT_FLOAT)
 #endif
@@ -233,9 +244,6 @@ typedef void mrb_value;
 #ifndef mrb_range_p
 #define mrb_range_p(o) (mrb_type(o) == MRB_TT_RANGE)
 #endif
-#ifndef mrb_file_p
-#define mrb_file_p(o) (mrb_type(o) == MRB_TT_FILE)
-#endif
 #ifndef mrb_env_p
 #define mrb_env_p(o) (mrb_type(o) == MRB_TT_ENV)
 #endif
@@ -261,7 +269,7 @@ typedef void mrb_value;
  *
  * Takes a float and boxes it into an mrb_value
  */
-#ifndef MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 MRB_INLINE mrb_value mrb_float_value(struct mrb_state *mrb, mrb_float f)
 {
   mrb_value v;
@@ -281,14 +289,19 @@ mrb_cptr_value(struct mrb_state *mrb, void *p)
 }
 
 /**
- * Returns a fixnum in Ruby.
- *
- * Takes an integer and boxes it into an mrb_value
+ * Returns an integer in Ruby.
  */
+MRB_INLINE mrb_value mrb_int_value(struct mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int i)
+{
+  mrb_value v;
+  SET_INT_VALUE(mrb, v, i);
+  return v;
+}
+
 MRB_INLINE mrb_value mrb_fixnum_value(mrb_int i)
 {
   mrb_value v;
-  SET_INT_VALUE(v, i);
+  SET_FIXNUM_VALUE(v, i);
   return v;
 }
 

include/mruby/variable.h

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ mrb_value mrb_vm_cv_get(mrb_state*, mrb_sym);
 void mrb_vm_cv_set(mrb_state*, mrb_sym, mrb_value);
 mrb_value mrb_vm_const_get(mrb_state*, mrb_sym);
 void mrb_vm_const_set(mrb_state*, mrb_sym, mrb_value);
+size_t mrb_obj_iv_tbl_memsize(mrb_value);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_const_get(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_sym);
 MRB_API void mrb_const_set(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_sym, mrb_value);
 MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_const_defined(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_sym);

include/mruby/version.h

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 /*
  * The version of Ruby used by mruby.
  */
-#define MRUBY_RUBY_VERSION "2.0"
+#define MRUBY_RUBY_VERSION "3.0"
 
 /*
  * Ruby engine.
@@ -37,17 +37,35 @@ MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 /*
  * Major release version number.
  */
-#define MRUBY_RELEASE_MAJOR 2
+#define MRUBY_RELEASE_MAJOR 3
 
 /*
  * Minor release version number.
  */
-#define MRUBY_RELEASE_MINOR 1
+#define MRUBY_RELEASE_MINOR 0
 
 /*
  * Tiny release version number.
  */
-#define MRUBY_RELEASE_TEENY 1
+#define MRUBY_RELEASE_TEENY 0
+
+/*
+ * Patch level.
+ */
+#define MRUBY_PATCHLEVEL -1
+
+/*
+ * Patch level string. (optional)
+ */
+#define MRUBY_PATCHLEVEL_STR "RC"
+
+#ifndef MRUBY_PATCHLEVEL_STR
+# if MRUBY_PATCHLEVEL < 0
+#   define MRUBY_PATCHLEVEL_STR "dev"
+# else
+#   define MRUBY_PATCHLEVEL_STR "p"MRB_STRINGIZE(MRUBY_PATCHLEVEL)
+# endif
+#endif
 
 /*
  * The mruby version.
@@ -62,17 +80,17 @@ MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 /*
  * Release year.
  */
-#define MRUBY_RELEASE_YEAR 2020
+#define MRUBY_RELEASE_YEAR 2021
 
 /*
  * Release month.
  */
-#define MRUBY_RELEASE_MONTH 4
+#define MRUBY_RELEASE_MONTH 2
 
 /*
  * Release day.
  */
-#define MRUBY_RELEASE_DAY 20
+#define MRUBY_RELEASE_DAY 3
 
 /*
  * Release date as a string.
@@ -108,6 +126,7 @@ MRB_BEGIN_DECL
  */
 #define MRUBY_DESCRIPTION     \
   "mruby " MRUBY_VERSION      \
+  MRUBY_PATCHLEVEL_STR        \
   " (" MRUBY_RELEASE_DATE ")" \
 
 /*

lib/mruby/build.rb

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-require "mruby-core-ext"
+require "mruby/core_ext"
 require "mruby/build/load_gems"
 require "mruby/build/command"
 
 module MRuby
   autoload :Gem, "mruby/gem"
   autoload :Lockfile, "mruby/lockfile"
+  autoload :Presym, "mruby/presym"
 
   class << self
     def targets
@@ -22,6 +23,18 @@ module MRuby
   class Toolchain
     class << self
       attr_accessor :toolchains
+
+      def guess
+        if cc = ENV["CC"] || ENV["CXX"]
+          return "clang" if cc.include?("clang")
+        else
+          return "clang" if RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /darwin|(?:free|open)bsd/
+          return "gcc" if RUBY_PLATFORM.include?("cygwin")
+          return "visualcpp" if ENV.include?("VisualStudioVersion")
+          return "visualcpp" if ENV.include?("VSINSTALLDIR")
+        end
+        "gcc"
+      end
     end
 
     def initialize(name, &block)
@@ -29,7 +42,7 @@ module MRuby
       MRuby::Toolchain.toolchains[@name] = self
     end
 
-    def setup(conf,params={})
+    def setup(conf, params={})
       conf.instance_exec(conf, params, &@initializer)
     end
 
@@ -39,12 +52,27 @@ module MRuby
   class Build
     class << self
       attr_accessor :current
+
+      def mruby_config_path
+        path = ENV['MRUBY_CONFIG'] || ENV['CONFIG']
+        if path.nil? || path.empty?
+          path = "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/build_config/default.rb"
+        elsif !File.file?(path) && !Pathname.new(path).absolute?
+          f = "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/build_config/#{path}.rb"
+          path = File.exist?(f) ? f : File.extname(path).empty? ? f : path
+        end
+        path
+      end
+
+      def install_dir
+        @install_dir ||= ENV['INSTALL_DIR'] || "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/bin"
+      end
     end
+
     include Rake::DSL
     include LoadGems
     attr_accessor :name, :bins, :exts, :file_separator, :build_dir, :gem_clone_dir
-    attr_reader :libmruby_objs, :gems, :toolchains, :gem_dir_to_repo_url
-    attr_writer :enable_bintest, :enable_test
+    attr_reader :products, :libmruby_core_objs, :libmruby_objs, :gems, :toolchains, :presym, :mrbc_build, :gem_dir_to_repo_url
 
     alias libmruby libmruby_objs
 
@@ -52,16 +80,16 @@ module MRuby
     COMMANDS = COMPILERS + %w(linker archiver yacc gperf git exts mrbc)
     attr_block MRuby::Build::COMMANDS
 
-    Exts = Struct.new(:object, :executable, :library)
+    Exts = Struct.new(:object, :executable, :library, :presym_preprocessed)
 
-    def initialize(name='host', build_dir=nil, &block)
+    def initialize(name='host', build_dir=nil, internal: false, &block)
       @name = name.to_s
 
-      unless MRuby.targets[@name]
+      unless current = MRuby.targets[@name]
         if ENV['OS'] == 'Windows_NT'
-          @exts = Exts.new('.o', '.exe', '.a')
+          @exts = Exts.new('.o', '.exe', '.a', '.pi')
         else
-          @exts = Exts.new('.o', '', '.a')
+          @exts = Exts.new('.o', '', '.a', '.pi')
         end
 
         build_dir = build_dir || ENV['MRUBY_BUILD_DIR'] || "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/build"
@@ -69,10 +97,10 @@ module MRuby
         @file_separator = '/'
         @build_dir = "#{build_dir}/#{@name}"
         @gem_clone_dir = "#{build_dir}/repos/#{@name}"
-        @cc = Command::Compiler.new(self, %w(.c))
-        @cxx = Command::Compiler.new(self, %w(.cc .cxx .cpp))
-        @objc = Command::Compiler.new(self, %w(.m))
-        @asm = Command::Compiler.new(self, %w(.S .asm))
+        @cc = Command::Compiler.new(self, %w(.c), label: "CC")
+        @cxx = Command::Compiler.new(self, %w(.cc .cxx .cpp), label: "CXX")
+        @objc = Command::Compiler.new(self, %w(.m), label: "OBJC")
+        @asm = Command::Compiler.new(self, %w(.S .asm .s), label: "ASM")
         @linker = Command::Linker.new(self)
         @archiver = Command::Archiver.new(self)
         @yacc = Command::Yacc.new(self)
@@ -80,8 +108,12 @@ module MRuby
         @git = Command::Git.new(self)
         @mrbc = Command::Mrbc.new(self)
 
+        @products = []
         @bins = []
-        @gems, @libmruby_objs = MRuby::Gem::List.new, []
+        @gems = MRuby::Gem::List.new
+        @libmruby_core_objs = []
+        @libmruby_objs = [@libmruby_core_objs]
+        @enable_libmruby = true
         @build_mrbtest_lib_only = false
         @cxx_exception_enabled = false
         @cxx_exception_disabled = false
@@ -89,17 +121,33 @@ module MRuby
         @enable_bintest = false
         @enable_test = false
         @enable_lock = true
+        @enable_presym = true
+        @mrbcfile_external = false
+        @internal = internal
         @toolchains = []
         @gem_dir_to_repo_url = {}
 
-        MRuby.targets[@name] = self
+        MRuby.targets[@name] = current = self
       end
 
-      MRuby::Build.current = MRuby.targets[@name]
-      MRuby.targets[@name].instance_eval(&block)
+      MRuby::Build.current = current
+      current.instance_eval(&block)
+      if current.libmruby_enabled? && !current.mrbcfile_external?
+        if current.presym_enabled?
+          current.create_mrbc_build if current.host? || current.gems["mruby-bin-mrbc"]
+        elsif current.host?
+          current.build_mrbc_exec
+        end
+      end
+      current.presym = Presym.new(current) if current.presym_enabled?
+    end
 
-      build_mrbc_exec if name == 'host'
-      build_mrbtest if test_enabled?
+    def libmruby_enabled?
+      @enable_libmruby
+    end
+
+    def disable_libmruby
+      @enable_libmruby = false
     end
 
     def debug_enabled?
@@ -118,6 +166,17 @@ module MRuby
       @enable_debug = true
     end
 
+    def presym_enabled?
+      @enable_presym
+    end
+
+    def disable_presym
+      if @enable_presym
+        @enable_presym = false
+        compilers.each{|c| c.defines << "MRB_NO_PRESYM"}
+      end
+    end
+
     def disable_lock
       @enable_lock = false
     end
@@ -141,7 +200,7 @@ module MRuby
       end
       @cxx_exception_enabled = true
       compilers.each { |c|
-        c.defines += %w(MRB_ENABLE_CXX_EXCEPTION)
+        c.defines += %w(MRB_USE_CXX_EXCEPTION)
         c.flags << c.cxx_exception_flag
       }
       linker.command = cxx.command if toolchains.find { |v| v == 'gcc' }
@@ -161,7 +220,7 @@ module MRuby
         raise "cxx_exception already enabled"
       end
       compilers.each { |c|
-        c.defines += %w(MRB_ENABLE_CXX_EXCEPTION MRB_ENABLE_CXX_ABI)
+        c.defines += %w(MRB_USE_CXX_EXCEPTION MRB_USE_CXX_ABI)
         c.flags << c.cxx_compile_flag
         c.flags = c.flags.flatten - c.cxx_invalid_flags.flatten
       }
@@ -169,8 +228,29 @@ module MRuby
       @cxx_abi_enabled = true
     end
 
-    def compile_as_cxx src, cxx_src, obj = nil, includes = []
-      obj = objfile(cxx_src) if obj.nil?
+    def compile_as_cxx(src, cxx_src = nil, obj = nil, includes = [])
+      #
+      # If `cxx_src` is specified, this method behaves the same as before as
+      # compatibility mode, but `.d` file is not read.
+      #
+      # If `cxx_src` is omitted, `.d` file is read by using mruby standard
+      # Rake rule (C++ source name is also changed).
+      #
+      if cxx_src
+        obj ||= cxx_src + @exts.object
+        dsts = [obj]
+        dsts << (cxx_src + @exts.presym_preprocessed) if presym_enabled?
+        defines = []
+        include_paths = ["#{MRUBY_ROOT}/src", *includes]
+        dsts.each do |dst|
+          file dst => cxx_src do |t|
+            cxx.run t.name, t.prerequisites.first, defines, include_paths
+          end
+        end
+      else
+        cxx_src = "#{build_dir}/#{src.relative_path})".ext << "-cxx.cxx"
+        obj = cxx_src.ext(@exts.object)
+      end
 
       file cxx_src => [src, __FILE__] do |t|
         mkdir_p File.dirname t.name
@@ -178,20 +258,16 @@ module MRuby
 #define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
 #define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
 
-#ifndef MRB_ENABLE_CXX_ABI
+#ifndef MRB_USE_CXX_ABI
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 #include "#{File.absolute_path src}"
-#ifndef MRB_ENABLE_CXX_ABI
+#ifndef MRB_USE_CXX_ABI
 }
 #endif
 EOS
       end
 
-      file obj => cxx_src do |t|
-        cxx.run t.name, t.prerequisites.first, [], ["#{MRUBY_ROOT}/src"] + includes
-      end
-
       obj
     end
 
@@ -203,7 +279,7 @@ EOS
       @enable_bintest
     end
 
-    def toolchain(name, params={})
+    def toolchain(name=Toolchain.guess, params={})
       name = name.to_s
       tc = Toolchain.toolchains[name] || begin
         path = "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/toolchains/#{name}.rake"
@@ -226,17 +302,14 @@ EOS
     def enable_test
       @enable_test = true
     end
+    alias build_mrbtest enable_test
 
     def test_enabled?
       @enable_test
     end
 
-    def build_mrbtest
-      gem :core => 'mruby-test'
-    end
-
     def build_mrbc_exec
-      gem :core => 'mruby-bin-mrbc'
+      gem :core => 'mruby-bin-mrbc' unless @gems['mruby-bin-mrbc']
     end
 
     def locks
@@ -246,9 +319,22 @@ EOS
     def mrbcfile
       return @mrbcfile if @mrbcfile
 
-      mrbc_build = MRuby.targets['host']
-      gems.each { |v| mrbc_build = self if v.name == 'mruby-bin-mrbc' }
-      @mrbcfile = mrbc_build.exefile("#{mrbc_build.build_dir}/bin/mrbc")
+      gem_name = "mruby-bin-mrbc"
+      gem = @gems[gem_name]
+      gem ||= (host = MRuby.targets["host"]) && host.gems[gem_name]
+      unless gem
+        fail "external mrbc or mruby-bin-mrbc gem in current('#{@name}') or 'host' build is required"
+      end
+      @mrbcfile = exefile("#{gem.build.build_dir}/bin/mrbc")
+    end
+
+    def mrbcfile=(path)
+      @mrbcfile = path
+      @mrbcfile_external = true
+    end
+
+    def mrbcfile_external?
+      @mrbcfile_external
     end
 
     def compilers
@@ -258,14 +344,32 @@ EOS
     end
 
     def define_rules
+      use_mrdb = @gems["mruby-bin-debugger"]
       compilers.each do |compiler|
         if respond_to?(:enable_gems?) && enable_gems?
-          compiler.defines -= %w(DISABLE_GEMS)
+          compiler.defines -= %w(MRB_NO_GEMS)
         else
-          compiler.defines += %w(DISABLE_GEMS)
+          compiler.defines += %w(MRB_NO_GEMS)
         end
-        compiler.define_rules build_dir, File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '..', '..'))
+        compiler.defines |= %w(MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK) if use_mrdb
       end
+      [@cc, *(@cxx if cxx_exception_enabled?)].each do |compiler|
+        compiler.define_rules(@build_dir, MRUBY_ROOT, @exts.object)
+        compiler.define_rules(@build_dir, MRUBY_ROOT, @exts.presym_preprocessed) if presym_enabled?
+      end
+    end
+
+    def define_installer(src)
+      dst = "#{self.class.install_dir}/#{File.basename(src)}"
+      file dst => src do
+        install_D src, dst
+      end
+      dst
+    end
+
+    def define_installer_if_needed(bin)
+      exe = exefile("#{build_dir}/bin/#{bin}")
+      host? ? define_installer(exe) : exe
     end
 
     def filename(name)
@@ -326,7 +430,9 @@ EOS
       puts ">>> Bintest #{name} <<<"
       targets = @gems.select { |v| File.directory? "#{v.dir}/bintest" }.map { |v| filename v.dir }
       targets << filename(".") if File.directory? "./bintest"
-      sh "ruby test/bintest.rb#{verbose_flag} #{targets.join ' '}"
+      mrbc = @gems["mruby-bin-mrbc"] ? exefile("#{@build_dir}/bin/mrbc") : mrbcfile
+      env = {"BUILD_DIR" => @build_dir, "MRBCFILE" => mrbc}
+      sh env, "ruby test/bintest.rb#{verbose_flag} #{targets.join ' '}"
     end
 
     def print_build_summary
@@ -336,7 +442,8 @@ EOS
       puts "         Binaries: #{@bins.join(', ')}" unless @bins.empty?
       unless @gems.empty?
         puts "    Included Gems:"
-        @gems.map do |gem|
+        gems = @gems.sort_by { |gem| gem.name }
+        gems.each do |gem|
           gem_version = " - #{gem.version}" if gem.version != '0.0.0'
           gem_summary = " - #{gem.summary}" if gem.summary
           puts "             #{gem.name}#{gem_version}#{gem_summary}"
@@ -358,6 +465,42 @@ EOS
     def libraries
       [libmruby_static]
     end
+
+    def host?
+      @name == "host"
+    end
+
+    def internal?
+      @internal
+    end
+
+    protected
+
+    attr_writer :presym
+
+    def create_mrbc_build
+      exclusions = %i[@name @build_dir @gems @enable_test @enable_bintest @internal]
+      name = "#{@name}/mrbc"
+      MRuby.targets.delete(name)
+      build = self.class.new(name, internal: true){}
+      build.build_dir = "#{@build_dir}/mrbc"
+      instance_variables.each do |n|
+        next if exclusions.include?(n)
+        v = instance_variable_get(n)
+        v = case v
+            when nil, true, false, Numeric; v
+            when String, Command; v.clone
+            else Marshal.load(Marshal.dump(v))  # deep clone
+            end
+        build.instance_variable_set(n, v)
+      end
+      build.build_mrbc_exec
+      build.disable_libmruby
+      build.disable_presym
+      @mrbc_build = build
+      self.mrbcfile = build.mrbcfile
+      build
+    end
   end # Build
 
   class CrossBuild < Build
@@ -368,13 +511,21 @@ EOS
     attr_accessor :host_target, :build_target
 
     def initialize(name, build_dir=nil, &block)
-      @endian = nil
       @test_runner = Command::CrossTestRunner.new(self)
       super
+      unless mrbcfile_external? || MRuby.targets['host']
+        # add minimal 'host'
+        MRuby::Build.new('host') do |conf|
+          conf.toolchain
+          conf.build_mrbc_exec
+          conf.disable_libmruby
+          conf.disable_presym
+        end
+      end
     end
 
     def mrbcfile
-      MRuby.targets['host'].exefile("#{MRuby.targets['host'].build_dir}/bin/mrbc")
+      mrbcfile_external? ? super : MRuby::targets['host'].mrbcfile
     end
 
     def run_test
@@ -388,25 +539,8 @@ EOS
       end
     end
 
-    def big_endian
-      if @endian
-        puts "Endian has already specified as #{@endian}."
-        return
-      end
-      @endian = :big
-      @mrbc.compile_options += ' -E'
-      compilers.each do |c|
-        c.defines += %w(MRB_ENDIAN_BIG)
-      end
-    end
+    protected
 
-    def little_endian
-      if @endian
-        puts "Endian has already specified as #{@endian}."
-        return
-      end
-      @endian = :little
-      @mrbc.compile_options += ' -e'
-    end
+    def create_mrbc_build; end
   end # CrossBuild
 end # MRuby

lib/mruby/build/command.rb

@@ -32,28 +32,22 @@ module MRuby
       end
     end
 
-    NotFoundCommands = {}
-
     private
     def _run(options, params={})
-      return sh command + ' ' + ( options % params ) if NotFoundCommands.key? @command
-      begin
-        sh build.filename(command) + ' ' + ( options % params )
-      rescue RuntimeError
-        NotFoundCommands[@command] = true
-        _run options, params
-      end
+      sh "#{build.filename(command)} #{options % params}"
     end
   end
 
   class Command::Compiler < Command
-    attr_accessor :flags, :include_paths, :defines, :source_exts
+    attr_accessor :label, :flags, :include_paths, :defines, :source_exts
     attr_accessor :compile_options, :option_define, :option_include_path, :out_ext
     attr_accessor :cxx_compile_flag, :cxx_exception_flag, :cxx_invalid_flags
+    attr_writer :preprocess_options
 
-    def initialize(build, source_exts=[])
+    def initialize(build, source_exts=[], label: "CC")
       super(build)
       @command = ENV['CC'] || 'cc'
+      @label = label
       @flags = [ENV['CFLAGS'] || []]
       @source_exts = source_exts
       @include_paths = ["#{MRUBY_ROOT}/include"]
@@ -62,9 +56,15 @@ module MRuby
       @option_define = %q[-D"%s"]
       @compile_options = %q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
       @cxx_invalid_flags = []
+      @out_ext = build.exts.object
     end
 
     alias header_search_paths include_paths
+
+    def preprocess_options
+      @preprocess_options ||= @compile_options.sub(/(?:\A|\s)\K-c(?=\s)/, "-E -P")
+    end
+
     def search_header_path(name)
       header_search_paths.find do |v|
         File.exist? build.filename("#{v}/#{name}").sub(/^"(.*)"$/, '\1')
@@ -86,13 +86,20 @@ module MRuby
 
     def run(outfile, infile, _defines=[], _include_paths=[], _flags=[])
       mkdir_p File.dirname(outfile)
-      _pp "CC", infile.relative_path, outfile.relative_path
-      _run compile_options, { :flags => all_flags(_defines, _include_paths, _flags),
-                              :infile => filename(infile), :outfile => filename(outfile) }
+      flags = all_flags(_defines, _include_paths, _flags)
+      if object_ext?(outfile)
+        label = @label
+        opts = compile_options
+      else
+        label = "CPP"
+        opts = preprocess_options
+        flags << " -DMRB_PRESYM_SCANNING"
+      end
+      _pp label, infile.relative_path, outfile.relative_path
+      _run opts, flags: flags, infile: filename(infile), outfile: filename(outfile)
     end
 
-    def define_rules(build_dir, source_dir='')
-      @out_ext = build.exts.object
+    def define_rules(build_dir, source_dir='', out_ext=build.exts.object)
       gemrake = File.join(source_dir, "mrbgem.rake")
       rakedep = File.exist?(gemrake) ? [ gemrake ] : []
 
@@ -133,18 +140,14 @@ module MRuby
     #
     # ==== Without <tt>-MP</tt> compiler flag
     #
-    #   /build/host/src/array.o: \
-    #     /src/array.c \
-    #     /include/mruby/common.h \
-    #     /include/mruby/value.h \
+    #   /build/host/src/array.o: /src/array.c \
+    #     /include/mruby/common.h /include/mruby/value.h \
     #     /src/value_array.h
     #
     # ==== With <tt>-MP</tt> compiler flag
     #
-    #   /build/host/src/array.o: \
-    #     /src/array.c \
-    #     /include/mruby/common.h \
-    #     /include/mruby/value.h \
+    #   /build/host/src/array.o: /src/array.c \
+    #     /include/mruby/common.h /include/mruby/value.h \
     #     /src/value_array.h
     #
     #   /include/mruby/common.h:
@@ -154,14 +157,25 @@ module MRuby
     #   /src/value_array.h:
     #
     def get_dependencies(file)
-      file = file.ext('d') unless File.extname(file) == '.d'
-      deps = []
-      if File.exist?(file)
-        File.foreach(file){|line| deps << $1 if /^ +(.*?)(?: *\\)?$/ =~ line}
-        deps.uniq!
-      end
+      dep_file = file.ext(".d")
+      return [MRUBY_CONFIG] unless object_ext?(file) && File.exist?(dep_file)
+
+      deps = File.read(dep_file).gsub("\\\n ", "").split("\n").map do |dep_line|
+        # dep_line:
+        # - "/build/host/src/array.o:   /src/array.c   /include/mruby/common.h ..."
+        # - ""
+        # - "/include/mruby/common.h:"
+        dep_line.scan(/^\S+:\s+(.+)$/).flatten.map { |s| s.split(' ') }.flatten
+        # => ["/src/array.c", "/include/mruby/common.h" , ...]
+        #    []
+        #    []
+      end.flatten.uniq
       deps << MRUBY_CONFIG
     end
+
+    def object_ext?(path)
+      File.extname(path) == build.exts.object
+    end
   end
 
   class Command::Linker < Command
@@ -191,6 +205,10 @@ module MRuby
       [libraries, _libraries].flatten.map{ |d| option_library % d }.join(' ')
     end
 
+    def run_attrs
+      [@libraries, @library_paths, @flags, @flags_before_libraries, @flags_after_libraries]
+    end
+
     def run(outfile, objfiles, _libraries=[], _library_paths=[], _flags=[], _flags_before_libraries=[], _flags_after_libraries=[])
       mkdir_p File.dirname(outfile)
       library_flags = [libraries, _libraries].flatten.map { |d| option_library % d }
@@ -310,21 +328,21 @@ module MRuby
       @compile_options = "-B%{funcname} -o-"
     end
 
-    def run(out, infiles, funcname)
+    def run(out, infiles, funcname, cdump = true)
       @command ||= @build.mrbcfile
       infiles = [infiles].flatten
-      infiles.each do |f|
-        _pp "MRBC", f.relative_path, nil, :indent => 2
+      infiles.each_with_index do |f, i|
+        _pp i == 0 ? "MRBC" : "", f.relative_path, indent: 2
       end
-      cmd = %Q["#{filename @command}" #{@compile_options % {:funcname => funcname}} #{filename(infiles).map{|f| %Q["#{f}"]}.join(' ')}]
+      cmd = %Q["#{filename @command}" #{cdump ? "-S" : ""} #{@compile_options % {:funcname => funcname}} #{filename(infiles).map{|f| %Q["#{f}"]}.join(' ')}]
       puts cmd if Rake.verbose
       IO.popen(cmd, 'r+') do |io|
         out.puts io.read
       end
       # if mrbc execution fail, drop the file
-      if $?.exitstatus != 0
-        File.delete(out.path)
-        exit(-1)
+      unless $?.success?
+        rm_f out.path
+        fail "Command failed with status (#{$?.exitstatus}): [#{cmd[0,42]}...]"
       end
     end
   end

lib/mruby/build/load_gems.rb

@@ -15,10 +15,13 @@ module MRuby
     def gem(gemdir, &block)
       if gemdir.is_a?(Hash)
         gemdir = load_special_path_gem(gemdir)
-      elsif GemBox.path && gemdir.is_a?(String)
+      elsif GemBox.path
         gemdir = File.expand_path(gemdir, File.dirname(GemBox.path))
       else
         caller_dir = File.expand_path(File.dirname(caller(1,1)[0][/^(.*?):\d/,1]))
+        if caller_dir == "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/build_config"
+          caller_dir = MRUBY_ROOT
+        end
         gemdir = File.expand_path(gemdir, caller_dir)
       end
 
@@ -28,18 +31,17 @@ module MRuby
       Gem.current = nil
       load gemrake
       return nil unless Gem.current
+      current = Gem.current
 
-      Gem.current.dir = gemdir
-      Gem.current.build = self.is_a?(MRuby::Build) ? self : MRuby::Build.current
-      Gem.current.build_config_initializer = block
-      gems << Gem.current
+      current.dir = gemdir
+      current.build = self.is_a?(MRuby::Build) ? self : MRuby::Build.current
+      current.build_config_initializer = block
+      gems << current
 
-      cxx_srcs = ['src', 'test', 'tools'].map do |subdir|
-        Dir.glob("#{Gem.current.dir}/#{subdir}/*.{cpp,cxx,cc}")
-      end.flatten
+      cxx_srcs = Dir.glob("#{current.dir}/{src,test,tools}/*.{cpp,cxx,cc}")
       enable_cxx_exception unless cxx_srcs.empty?
 
-      Gem.current
+      current
     end
 
     def load_special_path_gem(params)

lib/mruby/core_ext.rb

@@ -20,10 +20,17 @@ class String
   end
 end
 
-def _pp(cmd, src, tgt=nil, options={})
-  return if Rake.verbose
+def install_D(src, dst)
+  _pp "INSTALL", src.relative_path, dst.relative_path
+  rm_f dst
+  mkdir_p File.dirname(dst)
+  cp src, dst
+end
+
+def _pp(cmd, src, tgt=nil, indent: nil)
+  return if Rake.application.options.silent
 
   width = 5
-  template = options[:indent] ? "%#{width*options[:indent]}s %s %s" : "%-#{width}s %s %s"
+  template = indent ? "%#{width * indent}s %s %s" : "%-#{width}s %s %s"
   puts template % [cmd, src, tgt ? "-> #{tgt}" : nil]
 end