Update version to 3.0.0RC.

We don't want to increase number of files that should be compiled by C++
compiler when `enable_cxx_exception` is turned on.

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+name: Build & Test
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  Check-Skip:
+    if: |
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]') &&
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip ci]') &&
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip gha]')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - run: echo not skip
+
+  Ubuntu-1604:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: ubuntu-16.04
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: gcc
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  Ubuntu-1804-gcc:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: ubuntu-18.04
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: gcc
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  Ubuntu-1804-clang:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: ubuntu-18.04
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: clang
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  macOS:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: clang
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  Windows-MinGW:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: gcc
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  Windows-Cygwin:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    env:
+      ACTIONS_ALLOW_UNSECURE_COMMANDS: true
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: gcc
+      installer-path: '%TMP%\cygwin-setup.exe'
+      cygwin-root: C:\cygwin
+      package-dir: C:\cygwin-package
+      cache-version: v1
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/cache@v2
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.package-dir }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-cygwin-${{ env.cache-version }}
+      - name: Download Cygwin installer
+        shell: cmd
+        run: >
+          bitsadmin /transfer download /priority foreground
+          https://cygwin.com/setup-x86_64.exe ${{ env.installer-path }}
+      - name: Install Cygwin
+        shell: cmd
+        run: >
+          ${{ env.installer-path }}
+          --quiet-mode --no-shortcuts --no-startmenu --no-desktop --no-admin
+          --only-site --site http://mirrors.kernel.org/sourceware/cygwin/
+          --root ${{ env.cygwin-root }}
+          --local-package-dir ${{ env.package-dir }}
+          --packages gcc-core,gcc-g++,ruby
+      - name: Set PATH for Cygwin
+        run: |
+          echo '::set-env name=PATH::${{ env.cygwin-root }}\bin;${{ env.cygwin-root }}\usr\bin'
+      - name: Ruby version
+        shell: cmd
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        shell: cmd
+        run: ruby /usr/bin/rake -m test:build && ruby /usr/bin/rake test:run
+      - name: Set PATH for cache archiving (tar)
+        # set Windows path so that Cygwin tar is not used for cache archiving
+        run: echo '::set-env name=PATH::C:\windows\System32'
+
+  Windows-VC:
+    needs: Check-Skip
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/msvc
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Build and test
+        shell: cmd
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
+          rake -m test:build && rake test:run

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+name: "Code scanning - action"
+
+on:
+  push:
+  pull_request:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 19 * * 4'
+
+jobs:
+  CodeQL-Build:
+    if: |
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]') &&
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip ci]') &&
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip gha]')
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        with:
+          # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
+          # a pull request then we can checkout the head.
+          fetch-depth: 2
+
+      # If this run was triggered by a pull request event, then checkout
+      # the head of the pull request instead of the merge commit.
+      - run: git checkout HEAD^2
+        if: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+
+      # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
+      - name: Initialize CodeQL
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
+        # Override language selection by uncommenting this and choosing your languages
+        # with:
+        #   languages: go, javascript, csharp, python, cpp, java
+
+      # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
+      # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
+      - name: Autobuild
+        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v1
+
+      # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
+      # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
+
+      # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines
+      #    and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project
+      #    uses a compiled language
+
+      # - run: |
+      #    make bootstrap
+      #    make release
+
+      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+name: ❄️ Lint
+
+on: [pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  yamllint:
+    name: 🍶 YAML
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: 🧹 YAML Lint
+        uses: ibiqlik/action-yamllint@v3
+  markdownlint:
+    name: 🍸 Markdown
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: 🚀 Use Node.js
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v2.1.4
+        with:
+          node-version: '12.x'
+      - run: npm install -g markdownlint-cli@0.25.0
+      - run: markdownlint '**/*.md'

.github/workflows/oss-fuzz.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+name: CIFuzz
+on: [pull_request]
+jobs:
+  Fuzzing:
+    if: |
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[ci skip]') &&
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip ci]') &&
+      !contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip gha]')
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Build Fuzzers
+        uses: google/oss-fuzz/infra/cifuzz/actions/build_fuzzers@master
+        with:
+          oss-fuzz-project-name: 'mruby'
+          dry-run: false
+      - name: Run Fuzzers
+        uses: google/oss-fuzz/infra/cifuzz/actions/run_fuzzers@master
+        with:
+          oss-fuzz-project-name: 'mruby'
+          fuzz-seconds: 600
+          dry-run: false
+      - name: Upload Crash
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
+        if: failure()
+        with:
+          name: artifacts
+          path: ./out/artifacts

.github/workflows/spell-checker.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+name: 💎 Spellchecker
+
+on: [pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  misspell:
+    name: 🧹 Check Spelling
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: 🍒 Check Out
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - name: 🍅 Install
+        run: |
+          wget -O - -q https://git.io/misspell | sh -s -- -b .
+      - name: 🌶️ Misspell
+        run: |
+          git ls-files --empty-directory | xargs ./misspell -error

.gitignore

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
-# /
+*.lock
 *.bak
+*.bc
 *.d
+*.i
 *.o
 *.orig
 *.pdb
 *.rej
+*.s
 *.sav
 *.swp
 *.tmp
@@ -12,9 +15,23 @@
 .DS_Store
 .ccmalloc
 .svn
-/.git
+.vscode
+.yardoc
+.ccls*
+compile_flags.txt
+compile_commands.json
+cscope.files
 cscope.out
-/src/y.tab.c
+tags
+
+/.git
 /bin
 /build
-/lib
+/mruby-source-*.gem
+
+/benchmark/**/*.dat
+/benchmark/*.pdf
+/benchmark/*.png
+
+/doc/api
+/doc/capi

.markdownlint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+MD001: false
+MD003: false
+MD004: false
+MD005: false
+MD007: false
+MD010: false
+MD011: false
+MD013: false
+MD014: false
+MD024: false
+MD025: false
+MD026: false
+MD034: false
+MD040: false
+MD041: false
+MD046: false

.travis.yml

@@ -1,15 +1,11 @@
-# no installation...
+language: c
 
-install:
- - sudo apt-get -q install gperf
+jobs:
+  - os: linux
+  - os: osx
 
-env: MRUBY_CONFIG=travis_config.rb
-script: "./minirake all test"
+env:
+  - MRUBY_CONFIG=ci/gcc-clang
 
-notifications:
-  # Update mruby-head installed on Travis CI so other projects can test against it.
-  webhooks:
-    urls:
-      - "https://rubies.travis-ci.org/rebuild/mruby-head"
-    on_success: always
-    on_failure: never
+script:
+  - rake -m test:build && rake test:run

.yamllint

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+
+extends: default
+
+rules:
+  document-start: disable
+  line-length: disable
+  truthy: false

.yardopts

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+--markup markdown
+--plugin mruby
+--plugin coderay
+--output-dir doc/api
+
+src/**/*.c
+mrblib/**/*.rb
+include/**/*.h
+
+mrbgems/*/src/**/*.c
+mrbgems/*/mrblib/**/*.rb
+mrbgems/*/include/**/*.h
+-
+AUTHORS
+LICENSE
+CONTRIBUTING.md
+doc/guides/*.md

AUTHORS

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
-Original Authors "mruby developers" are:
-   Yukihiro Matsumoto
-   FUKUOKA CSK CORPORATION
+This is the (likely incomplete) list of "mruby developers".
+If you submit a patch to mruby, please add your name to the end
+of this list.
+
+   Yukihiro Matsumoto (Matz)
+   SCSK KYUSHU CORPORATION
    Kyushu Institute of Technology
    Network Applied Communication Laboratory, Inc.
    Daniel Bovensiepen
@@ -26,8 +29,20 @@ Original Authors "mruby developers" are:
    Hiroshi Mimaki
    Satoshi Odawara
    Mitsubishi Electric Micro-Computer Application Software Co.,Ltd.
+   Ralph Desir(Mav7)
    Hiroyuki Matsuzaki
    Yuhei Okazaki
    Manycolors, Inc.
    Shota Nakano
    Yuichi Osawa
+   Terence Lee
+   Zachary Scott
+   Tomasz Dąbrowski
+   Christopher Aue
+   Masahiro Wakame
+   YAMAMOTO Masaya
+   KOBAYASHI Shuji
+   RIZAL Reckordp
+   Rory O'Connell
+   John Bampton
+   Seeker

CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*   @matz

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # How to contribute
 
 mruby is an open-source project which is looking forward to each contribution.
+Contributors agree to license their contribution(s) under MIT license.
 
 ## Your Pull Request
 
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ things in mind before submitting your pull request:
 
 * Work on the latest possible state of **mruby/master**
 * Create a branch which is dedicated to your change
-* Test your changes before creating a pull request (```./minirake test```)
+* Test your changes before creating a pull request (```rake test```)
 * If possible write a test case which confirms your change
 * Don't mix several features or bug-fixes in one pull request
 * Create a meaningful commit message
@@ -33,9 +34,11 @@ mruby should be highly portable to other systems and compilers. For this it is
 recommended to keep your code as close as possible to the C99 standard
 (http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/WG14/www/docs/n1256.pdf).
 
-Although we target C99, Visual C++ is also an important target for mruby. For
-this reason a declaration of a local variable has to be at the beginning of a
-scope block.
+Visual C++ is also an important target for mruby (supported version is 2013 or
+later). For this reason features that are not supported by Visual C++ may not
+be used (e.g. `%z` of `strftime()`).
+
+NOTE: Old GCC requires `-std=gnu99` option to enable C99 support.
 
 #### Reduce library dependencies to a minimum
 
@@ -43,19 +46,15 @@ The dependencies to libraries should be kept to an absolute minimum. This
 increases the portability but makes it also easier to cut away parts of mruby
 on-demand.
 
-#### Don't use C++ style comments
-
-    /* This is the prefered comment style */
-
-Use C++ style comments only for temporary comment e.g. commenting out some code lines.
-
-#### Insert a break after the method return value:
+#### Insert a break after the function return value:
 
+    ```C
     int
     main(void)
     {
       ...
     }
+    ```
 
 ### Ruby code
 
@@ -65,4 +64,5 @@ language itself. Please note the following hints for your Ruby code:
 #### Comply with the Ruby standard (ISO/IEC 30170:2012)
 
 mruby is currently targeting to execute Ruby code which complies to ISO/IEC
-30170:2012 (http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59579).
+30170:2012 (https://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59579),
+unless there's a clear reason, e.g. the latest Ruby has changed behavior from ISO.

ChangeLog

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-Thu Apl 19 17:25:18 2012  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* first release version 1.0.0 released.
-
-Local variables:
-add-log-time-format: (lambda ()
-  (let* ((time (current-time))
-	 (system-time-locale "C")
-	 (diff (+ (cadr time) 32400))
-	 (lo (% diff 65536))
-	 (hi (+ (car time) (/ diff 65536))))
-  (format-time-string "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y" (list hi lo) t)))
-indent-tabs-mode: t
-tab-width: 8
-end:

INSTALL

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-* Prerequisites
-
-  1. Make sure you have bison (http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/) installed in
-     your system.
-  2. Make sure you have ruby installed in your system (required to build).
-
-
-* Compilation and Installation
-
-  1. Run make in the top directory.
-
-     This command will create a build directory with a directory for the host
-     environment and one for each crossbuild environment based on the settings
-     in the build_config.rb file.
-
-     Assuming a default build, each of the environment directories will have
-     the following important directories:
-
-       * bin - The binary executables for this environment
-       * lib - The libraries for this environment
-
-     You can find the header files in the include directory at the root of the
-     project.
-
-     You can directly invoke 'minirake' with the following command:
-
-         $ ruby ./minirake
-
-If an error occurs when compiling mruby, it will be helpful for others if you
-send a detailed report to the developers that includes the error log, machine,
-and OS type.
-
-
-* Adding existing gems
-
-Gems from the [list of mruby gems](http://www.mruby.org/libraries/) can be
-added by adding their respective GitHub URLs to build_config.rb. For example,
-to add implementations of the File and IO Ruby core classes to mruby, insert
-the following in build_config.rb under the comment section `Use mrbgems`:
-
-    conf.gem :git => 'git@github.com:iij/mruby-io.git', :branch => 'master'
-
-Afterwards, re-run:
-
-    ruby ./minirake
-
-
-* Porting to other platforms
-
-That's all.
-

LEGAL

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@ LEGAL NOTICE INFORMATION
 ------------------------
 
 All the files in this distribution are covered under the MIT license
-(see the file MITL) except some files mentioned below:
+(see the file LICENSE) except some files mentioned below:
 

LICENSE

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2014 mruby developers
+Copyright (c) 2010-2021 mruby developers
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),

Makefile

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-# mruby is using Rake (http://rake.rubyforge.org) as a build tool.
-# We provide a minimalistic version called minirake inside of our
-# codebase.
+# mruby is using Rake (https://ruby.github.io/rake/) as a build tool.
 
-RAKE = ruby ./minirake
+RAKE = rake
 
 all :
 	$(RAKE)

README.md

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 [![Build Status][build-status-img]][travis-ci]
 
-## What's mruby
+## What is mruby
 
 mruby is the lightweight implementation of the Ruby language complying to (part
-of) the [ISO standard][ISO-standard].  Its syntax is Ruby 1.9 compatible.
+of) the [ISO standard][ISO-standard]. Its syntax is Ruby 2.x compatible.
 
 mruby can be linked and embedded within your application.  We provide the
 interpreter program "mruby" and the interactive mruby shell "mirb" as examples.
@@ -15,80 +15,56 @@ program under the "test" directory for an example.
 This achievement was sponsored by the Regional Innovation Creation R&D Programs
 of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan.
 
-
 ## How to get mruby
 
-The stable version 1.0.0 of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL:
+The releace candidate version 3.0.0 of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL: [https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/3.0.0-rc.zip](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/3.0.0-rc.zip)
 
-  https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/1.0.0.zip
+The stable version 2.1.2 of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL: [https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/2.1.2.zip](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/2.1.2.zip)
 
-The latest development version of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL:
-
-  https://github.com/mruby/mruby/zipball/master
+The latest development version of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL: [https://github.com/mruby/mruby/zipball/master](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/zipball/master)
 
 The trunk of the mruby source tree can be checked out with the
 following command:
 
     $ git clone https://github.com/mruby/mruby.git
 
+You can also install and compile mruby using [ruby-install](https://github.com/postmodern/ruby-install), [ruby-build](https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build) or [rvm](https://github.com/rvm/rvm).
 
 ## mruby home-page
 
-The URL of the mruby home-page is:
-
-  http://www.mruby.org/
-
+The URL of the mruby home-page is: https://mruby.org.
 
 ## Mailing list
 
-We don't have mailing list, use GitHub forum <http://github.com/mruby/mruby>.
+We don't have a mailing list, but you can use [GitHub issues](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues).
 
+## How to compile, test, and install (mruby and gems)
 
-## How to compile and install (mruby and gems)
+See the [compile.md](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/doc/guides/compile.md) file.
 
-See the INSTALL file.
+## Building documentation
 
+There are two sets of documentation in mruby: the mruby API (generated by yard) and C API (Doxygen)
 
-## Running Tests
+To build both of them, simply go
 
-To run the tests, execute the following from the project's root directory.
+    rake doc
 
-    $ make test
+You can also view them in your browser
 
-Or
+    rake view_api
+    rake view_capi
 
-    $ ruby ./minirake test
-
-
-## Customization
+## How to customize mruby (mrbgems)
 
 mruby contains a package manager called *mrbgems*. To create extensions
-in C and/or Ruby you should create a *GEM*. You will find a complete
-documentation with examples under *examples/mrbgems*.
-
+in C and/or Ruby you should create a *GEM*. For a documentation of how to
+use mrbgems consult the file [mrbgems.md](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/doc/guides/mrbgems.md).
+For example code of how to use mrbgems look into the folder *examples/mrbgems/*.
 
 ## License
 
-Copyright (c) 2014 mruby developers
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
-copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
-to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
-the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
-and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
-Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
-FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
-DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
-
+mruby is released under the [MIT License](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/LICENSE).
 
 ## Note for License
 
@@ -107,17 +83,15 @@ file.)
 
 Please ask us if you want to distribute your code under another license.
 
-
 ## How to Contribute
 
-See the [contribution guidelines][contribution-guidelines] then send a pull
-request to <http://github.com/mruby/mruby>.  We consider you have granted
+See the [contribution guidelines][contribution-guidelines], and then send a pull
+request to <https://github.com/mruby/mruby>.  We consider you have granted
 non-exclusive right to your contributed code under MIT license.  If you want to
 be named as one of mruby developers, please include an update to the AUTHORS
 file in your pull request.
 
-[ISO-standard]: http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59579
-[build-status-img]: https://travis-ci.org/mruby/mruby.png?branch=master
+[ISO-standard]: https://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59579
+[build-status-img]: https://travis-ci.org/mruby/mruby.svg?branch=master
 [contribution-guidelines]: https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md
 [travis-ci]: https://travis-ci.org/mruby/mruby
-

Rakefile

@@ -3,14 +3,18 @@
 # basic build file for mruby
 MRUBY_ROOT = File.dirname(File.expand_path(__FILE__))
 MRUBY_BUILD_HOST_IS_CYGWIN = RUBY_PLATFORM.include?('cygwin')
+MRUBY_BUILD_HOST_IS_OPENBSD = RUBY_PLATFORM.include?('openbsd')
+
+Rake.verbose(false) if Rake.verbose == Rake::DSL::DEFAULT
+
+$LOAD_PATH << File.join(MRUBY_ROOT, "lib")
 
 # load build systems
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/ruby_ext.rake"
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/mruby_build.rake"
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/mrbgem_spec.rake"
+require "mruby/core_ext"
+require "mruby/build"
 
 # load configuration file
-MRUBY_CONFIG = (ENV['MRUBY_CONFIG'] && ENV['MRUBY_CONFIG'] != '') ? ENV['MRUBY_CONFIG'] : "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/build_config.rb"
+MRUBY_CONFIG = MRuby::Build.mruby_config_path
 load MRUBY_CONFIG
 
 # load basic rules
@@ -19,122 +23,48 @@ MRuby.each_target do |build|
 end
 
 # load custom rules
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/src/mruby_core.rake"
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/mrblib/mrblib.rake"
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tools/mrbc/mrbc.rake"
-
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/core.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/mrblib.rake"
 load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/mrbgems.rake"
 load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/libmruby.rake"
-
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/mrbgems_test.rake"
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/test/mrbtest.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/bin.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/presym.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/test.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/benchmark.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/gitlab.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/doc.rake"
 
 ##############################
 # generic build targets, rules
 task :default => :all
 
-bin_path = "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/bin"
-FileUtils.mkdir_p bin_path, { :verbose => $verbose }
-
-depfiles = MRuby.targets['host'].bins.map do |bin|
-  install_path = MRuby.targets['host'].exefile("#{bin_path}/#{bin}")
-  source_path = MRuby.targets['host'].exefile("#{MRuby.targets['host'].build_dir}/bin/#{bin}")
-
-  file install_path => source_path do |t|
-    FileUtils.rm_f t.name, { :verbose => $verbose }
-    FileUtils.cp t.prerequisites.first, t.name, { :verbose => $verbose }
-  end
-
-  install_path
-end
-
-MRuby.each_target do |target|
-  gems.map do |gem|
-    current_dir = gem.dir.relative_path_from(Dir.pwd)
-    relative_from_root = gem.dir.relative_path_from(MRUBY_ROOT)
-    current_build_dir = "#{build_dir}/#{relative_from_root}"
-
-    gem.bins.each do |bin|
-      exec = exefile("#{build_dir}/bin/#{bin}")
-      objs = Dir.glob("#{current_dir}/tools/#{bin}/*.{c,cpp,cxx,cc}").map { |f| objfile(f.pathmap("#{current_build_dir}/tools/#{bin}/%n")) }
-
-      file exec => objs + [libfile("#{build_dir}/lib/libmruby")] do |t|
-        gem_flags = gems.map { |g| g.linker.flags }
-        gem_flags_before_libraries = gems.map { |g| g.linker.flags_before_libraries }
-        gem_flags_after_libraries = gems.map { |g| g.linker.flags_after_libraries }
-        gem_libraries = gems.map { |g| g.linker.libraries }
-        gem_library_paths = gems.map { |g| g.linker.library_paths }
-        linker.run t.name, t.prerequisites, gem_libraries, gem_library_paths, gem_flags, gem_flags_before_libraries, gem_flags_after_libraries
-      end
-
-      if target == MRuby.targets['host']
-        install_path = MRuby.targets['host'].exefile("#{MRUBY_ROOT}/bin/#{bin}")
-
-        file install_path => exec do |t|
-          FileUtils.rm_f t.name, { :verbose => $verbose }
-          FileUtils.cp t.prerequisites.first, t.name, { :verbose => $verbose }
-        end
-        depfiles += [ install_path ]
-      elsif target == MRuby.targets['host-debug']
-        unless MRuby.targets['host'].gems.map {|g| g.bins}.include?([bin])
-          install_path = MRuby.targets['host-debug'].exefile("#{MRUBY_ROOT}/bin/#{bin}")
-
-          file install_path => exec do |t|
-            FileUtils.rm_f t.name, { :verbose => $verbose }
-            FileUtils.cp t.prerequisites.first, t.name, { :verbose => $verbose }
-          end
-          depfiles += [ install_path ]
-        end
-      else
-        depfiles += [ exec ]
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-depfiles += MRuby.targets.map { |n, t|
-  [t.libfile("#{t.build_dir}/lib/libmruby")]
-}.flatten
-
-depfiles += MRuby.targets.reject { |n, t| n == 'host' }.map { |n, t|
-  t.bins.map { |bin| t.exefile("#{t.build_dir}/bin/#{bin}") }
-}.flatten
-
 desc "build all targets, install (locally) in-repo"
-task :all => depfiles do
+task :all => :gensym do
+  Rake::Task[:build].invoke
   puts
   puts "Build summary:"
   puts
-  MRuby.each_target do
-    print_build_summary
+  MRuby.each_target do |build|
+    build.print_build_summary
   end
+  MRuby::Lockfile.write
 end
 
-desc "run all mruby tests"
-task :test => ["all"] + MRuby.targets.values.map { |t| t.build_mrbtest_lib_only? ? t.libfile("#{t.build_dir}/test/mrbtest") : t.exefile("#{t.build_dir}/test/mrbtest") } do
-  MRuby.each_target do
-    run_test unless build_mrbtest_lib_only?
-  end
-end
+task :build => MRuby.targets.flat_map{|_, build| build.products}
 
 desc "clean all built and in-repo installed artifacts"
 task :clean do
-  MRuby.each_target do |t|
-    FileUtils.rm_rf t.build_dir, { :verbose => $verbose }
+  MRuby.each_target do |build|
+    rm_rf build.build_dir
+    rm_f build.products
   end
-  FileUtils.rm_f depfiles, { :verbose => $verbose }
   puts "Cleaned up target build folder"
 end
 
 desc "clean everything!"
-task :deep_clean => ["clean"] do
-  MRuby.each_target do |t|
-    FileUtils.rm_rf t.gem_clone_dir, { :verbose => $verbose }
+task :deep_clean => %w[clean doc:clean] do
+  MRuby.each_target do |build|
+    rm_rf build.gem_clone_dir
   end
   puts "Cleaned up mrbgems build folder"
 end
-
-desc 'generate document'
-task :doc do
-  load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/doc/language/generator.rb"
-end

TODO

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-Things to do (Things that are not done yet)
-
-* Special variables ($1,$2..)
-* super in aliased methods
-
-Things to improve (Done but things to fix)
-
-* Hash (Reduce size. Use khash or save the order)
-* stringEx (Delete encoding、delete CODERANGE、delete everything except UTF-8 or ASCII)
-* Make additions as they are noticed.
-

TODO.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Thing to Do in the future
+===
+
+# After mruby 3.0
+
+* replace `fp_fmt.c` by `float_format` (https://github.com/dhylands/format-float.git)
+* multi-precision integer
+* WORD_BOXING: Pack some floats in `mrb_value`
+* NAN_BOXING: Allow `MRB_INT64` along with NaN boxing
+* keyword arguments a la Ruby3.0 (using `OP_SENDVK`)
+* parser and code generator independent from `mrb_state` (mmruby?)
+
+# Things to do (Things that are not done yet)
+
+* `begin ... end while cond` to behave as CRuby
+* special variables ($1,$2..)
+* super in aliased methods

appveyor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+version: "{build}"
+
+shallow_clone: true
+
+environment:
+  matrix:
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2019 64bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2019
+
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2019 32bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars32.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2019
+
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2017 64bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2017
+
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2017 32bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars32.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2017
+
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2015 64bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2015
+      machine: x86_amd64
+
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2015 32bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2015
+      machine: x86
+
+init:
+  - call "%visualcpp%" %machine%
+  # For using Rubyins4aller's Ruby 2.6 64bit
+  # 2.6 is the highest supported Ruby version across all historical
+  # Visual Studio AppVeyor images. Ruby 2.7 is only on the 2019 image.
+  - set PATH=C:\Ruby26-x64\bin;%PATH%
+  - ruby --version
+
+
+build_script:
+  - set MRUBY_CONFIG=ci/msvc
+  - rake -m test:build
+  - rake test:run

benchmark/bm_ao_render.rb

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 # mruby version by Hideki Miura
 #
 
-IMAGE_WIDTH = 256
-IMAGE_HEIGHT = 256
+IMAGE_WIDTH = 64
+IMAGE_HEIGHT = 64
 NSUBSAMPLES = 2
 NAO_SAMPLES = 8
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class Vec
   def vnormalize
     len = vlength
     v = Vec.new(@x, @y, @z)
-    if len > 1.0e-17 then
+    if len > 1.0e-17
       v.x = v.x / len
       v.y = v.y / len
       v.z = v.z / len
@@ -92,10 +92,10 @@ class Sphere
     b = rs.vdot(ray.dir)
     c = rs.vdot(rs) - (@radius * @radius)
     d = b * b - c
-    if d > 0.0 then
+    if d > 0.0
       t = - b - Math.sqrt(d)
 
-      if t > 0.0 and t < isect.t then
+      if t > 0.0 and t < isect.t
         isect.t = t
         isect.hit = true
         isect.pl = Vec.new(ray.org.x + ray.dir.x * t,
@@ -118,16 +118,16 @@ class Plane
     d = -@p.vdot(@n)
     v = ray.dir.vdot(@n)
     v0 = v
-    if v < 0.0 then
+    if v < 0.0
       v0 = -v
     end
-    if v0 < 1.0e-17 then
+    if v0 < 1.0e-17
       return
     end
 
     t = -(ray.org.vdot(@n) + d) / v
 
-    if t > 0.0 and t < isect.t then
+    if t > 0.0 and t < isect.t
       isect.hit = true
       isect.t = t
       isect.n = @n
@@ -170,10 +170,10 @@ end
 
 def clamp(f)
   i = f * 255.5
-  if i > 255.0 then
+  if i > 255.0
     i = 255.0
   end
-  if i < 0.0 then
+  if i < 0.0
     i = 0.0
   end
   i.to_i
@@ -183,11 +183,11 @@ def otherBasis(basis, n)
   basis[2] = Vec.new(n.x, n.y, n.z)
   basis[1] = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
 
-  if n.x < 0.6 and n.x > -0.6 then
+  if n.x < 0.6 and n.x > -0.6
     basis[1].x = 1.0
-  elsif n.y < 0.6 and n.y > -0.6 then
+  elsif n.y < 0.6 and n.y > -0.6
     basis[1].y = 1.0
-  elsif n.z < 0.6 and n.z > -0.6 then
+  elsif n.z < 0.6 and n.z > -0.6
     basis[1].z = 1.0
   else
     basis[1].x = 1.0
@@ -221,8 +221,8 @@ class Scene
     p0 = Vec.new(isect.pl.x + eps * isect.n.x,
                 isect.pl.y + eps * isect.n.y,
                 isect.pl.z + eps * isect.n.z)
-    nphi.times do |j|
-      ntheta.times do |i|
+    nphi.times do
+      ntheta.times do
         r = Rand::rand
         phi = 2.0 * 3.14159265 * Rand::rand
         x = Math.cos(phi) * Math.sqrt(1.0 - r)
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ class Scene
         @spheres[1].intersect(ray, occisect)
         @spheres[2].intersect(ray, occisect)
         @plane.intersect(ray, occisect)
-        if occisect.hit then
+        if occisect.hit
           occlusion = occlusion + 1.0
         else
           0.0
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ class Scene
       w.times do |x|
         rad = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
 
-        # Subsmpling
+        # Subsampling
         nsubsamples.times do |v|
           nsubsamples.times do |u|
             cnt = cnt + 1
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ class Scene
             @spheres[1].intersect(ray, isect)
             @spheres[2].intersect(ray, isect)
             @plane.intersect(ray, isect)
-            if isect.hit then
+            if isect.hit
               col = ambient_occlusion(isect)
               rad.x = rad.x + col.x
               rad.y = rad.y + col.y

benchmark/bm_app_lc_fizzbuzz.rb

@@ -48,5 +48,4 @@ answer = to_array(solution).map do |p|
   to_string(p)
 end
 
-answer_str = answer.to_a
-# puts answer_str
+# puts answer

benchmark/bm_fib.rb

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-# Fib 39
 
 def fib n
   return n if n < 2
   fib(n-2) + fib(n-1)
 end
 
-puts fib(39)
+puts fib(37)

benchmark/bm_so_lists.rb

@@ -17,19 +17,19 @@ def test_lists()
   # li2 must now be empty
   # remove each individual item from right side of li3 and
   # append to right side of li2 (reversing list)
-  while (not li3.empty?)
+  until li3.empty?
     li2.push(li3.pop)
   end
   # li3 must now be empty
   # reverse li1 in place
   li1.reverse!
   # check that first item is now SIZE
-  if li1[0] != SIZE then
+  if li1[0] != SIZE
     p "not SIZE"
     0
   else
     # compare li1 and li2 for equality
-    if li1 != li2 then
+    if li1 != li2
       return(0)
     else
       # return the length of the list
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ end
 
 i = 0
 while i<NUM
-  i+=1
+  i += 1
   result = test_lists()
 end
 

benchmark/build_config_cc.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  toolchain :gcc
+end
+
+MRuby::Build.new('gcc') do |conf|
+  toolchain :gcc
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+end
+
+MRuby::Build.new('clang') do |conf|
+  toolchain :clang
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+end

benchmark/plot.gpl

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+set yrange [0:]
+set terminal pngcairo font 'Sans, 8' lw 1 size 1400,1024
+set xtics rotate by -45
+set style histogram errorbars gap 2 lw 1
+set style fill solid border -1

bintest/mrbc.rb

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-require 'tempfile'
-
-assert('Compiling multiple files without new line in last line. #2361') do
-  a, b, out = Tempfile.new('a.rb'), Tempfile.new('b.rb'), Tempfile.new('out.mrb')
-  a.write('module A; end')
-  a.flush
-  b.write('module B; end')
-  b.flush
-  result = `bin/mrbc -c -o #{out.path} #{a.path} #{b.path} 2>&1`
-  assert_equal "bin/mrbc:#{a.path}:Syntax OK", result.chomp
-  assert_equal 0, $?.exitstatus
-end

build_config.rb

@@ -1,124 +1,9 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-  # load specific toolchain settings
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # Use mrbgems
-  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example'
-  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_extension_example' do |g|
-  #   g.cc.flags << '-g' # append cflags in this gem
-  # end
-  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example'
-  # conf.gem :github => 'masuidrive/mrbgems-example', :checksum_hash => '76518e8aecd131d047378448ac8055fa29d974a9'
-  # conf.gem :git => 'git@github.com:masuidrive/mrbgems-example.git', :branch => 'master', :options => '-v'
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-  # C compiler settings
-  # conf.cc do |cc|
-  #   cc.command = ENV['CC'] || 'gcc'
-  #   cc.flags = [ENV['CFLAGS'] || %w()]
-  #   cc.include_paths = ["#{root}/include"]
-  #   cc.defines = %w(DISABLE_GEMS)
-  #   cc.option_include_path = '-I%s'
-  #   cc.option_define = '-D%s'
-  #   cc.compile_options = "%{flags} -MMD -o %{outfile} -c %{infile}"
-  # end
-
-  # mrbc settings
-  # conf.mrbc do |mrbc|
-  #   mrbc.compile_options = "-g -B%{funcname} -o-" # The -g option is required for line numbers
-  # end
-
-  # Linker settings
-  # conf.linker do |linker|
-  #   linker.command = ENV['LD'] || 'gcc'
-  #   linker.flags = [ENV['LDFLAGS'] || []]
-  #   linker.flags_before_libraries = []
-  #   linker.libraries = %w()
-  #   linker.flags_after_libraries = []
-  #   linker.library_paths = []
-  #   linker.option_library = '-l%s'
-  #   linker.option_library_path = '-L%s'
-  #   linker.link_options = "%{flags} -o %{outfile} %{objs} %{libs}"
-  # end
-
-  # Archiver settings
-  # conf.archiver do |archiver|
-  #   archiver.command = ENV['AR'] || 'ar'
-  #   archiver.archive_options = 'rs %{outfile} %{objs}'
-  # end
-
-  # Parser generator settings
-  # conf.yacc do |yacc|
-  #   yacc.command = ENV['YACC'] || 'bison'
-  #   yacc.compile_options = '-o %{outfile} %{infile}'
-  # end
-
-  # gperf settings
-  # conf.gperf do |gperf|
-  #   gperf.command = 'gperf'
-  #   gperf.compile_options = '-L ANSI-C -C -p -j1 -i 1 -g -o -t -N mrb_reserved_word -k"1,3,$" %{infile} > %{outfile}'
-  # end
-
-  # file extensions
-  # conf.exts do |exts|
-  #   exts.object = '.o'
-  #   exts.executable = '' # '.exe' if Windows
-  #   exts.library = '.a'
-  # end
-
-  # file separetor
-  # conf.file_separator = '/'
-
-  # bintest
-  # conf.enable_bintest
-end
-
-MRuby::Build.new('host-debug') do |conf|
-  # load specific toolchain settings
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-  # C compiler settings
-  conf.cc.defines = %w(ENABLE_DEBUG)
-
-  # Generate mruby debugger command (require mruby-eval)
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-bin-debugger"
-
-  # bintest
-  # conf.enable_bintest
-end
-
-# Define cross build settings
-# MRuby::CrossBuild.new('32bit') do |conf|
-#   toolchain :gcc
+# The default build configuration file was moved to `build_config/default.rb`.
 #
-#   conf.cc.flags << "-m32"
-#   conf.linker.flags << "-m32"
-#
-#   conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
-#
-#   conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example'
-#
-#   conf.test_runner.command = 'env'
-#
-# end
+# Recommended way to customize the build configuration is:
+#  * copy `default.rb` (or any config file) to a new file (e.g. `myconfig.rb`)
+#  * edit `myconfig.rb`.
+#  * `rake MRUBY_CONFIG=/path/to/myconfig.rb` to compile and test.
+#  * or `rake MRUBY_CONFIG=myconfig` if your configuration file is in the `build_config` directory.
+#  * (optional) submit your configuration as a pull-request if it's useful for others
+raise "The default configuration was moved to `build_config/default.rb`"

build_config/ArduinoDue.rb

@@ -1,21 +1,5 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-end
-
 # Cross Compiling configuration for Arduino Due
-# http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDue
+# https://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDue
 #
 # Requires Arduino IDE >= 1.5
 MRuby::CrossBuild.new("ArduinoDue") do |conf|
@@ -42,15 +26,13 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("ArduinoDue") do |conf|
     cc.flags = %w(-g -Os -w -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -nostdlib --param max-inline-insns-single=500
                 -Dprintf=iprintf -mcpu=cortex-m3 -DF_CPU=84000000L -DARDUINO=156 -DARDUINO_SAM_DUE -DARDUINO_ARCH_SAM
                 -D__SAM3X8E__ -mthumb -DUSB_PID=0x003e -DUSB_VID=0x2341 -DUSBCON -DUSB_MANUFACTURER="Unknown" -DUSB_PRODUCT="Arduino Due")
-    cc.compile_options = "%{flags} -o %{outfile} -c %{infile}"
+    cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
 
     #configuration for low memory environment
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE=64)
-    cc.defines << %w(MRB_USE_IV_SEGLIST)
     cc.defines << %w(KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE=8)
-    cc.defines << %w(MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE=20)
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_GC_STRESS)
-    #cc.defines << %w(DISABLE_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
+    #cc.defines << %w(MRB_NO_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
     #cc.defines << %w(POOL_PAGE_SIZE=1000) #effective only for use with mruby-eval
   end
 
@@ -65,7 +47,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("ArduinoDue") do |conf|
 
   conf.archiver do |archiver|
     archiver.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/arm-none-eabi-ar"
-    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs %{outfile} %{objs}'
+    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
   end
 
   #no executables

build_config/IntelEdison.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Cross-compiling setup for Intel Edison (poky linux) platform
+# Get SDK from here: https://software.intel.com/en-us/iot/hardware/edison/downloads
+# REMEMBER to check and update the SDK root in the constant POKY_EDISON_PATH
+
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  toolchain :gcc
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_USE_READLINE)
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  #lightweight regular expression
+  conf.gem :github => "pbosetti/mruby-hs-regexp", :branch => "master"
+
+end
+
+# Define cross build settings
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('core2-32-poky-linux') do |conf|
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # Mac OS X
+  #
+  POKY_EDISON_PATH = '/opt/poky-edison/1.7.2'
+
+  POKY_EDISON_SYSROOT =  "#{POKY_EDISON_PATH}/sysroots/core2-32-poky-linux"
+  POKY_EDISON_X86_PATH = "#{POKY_EDISON_PATH}/sysroots/i386-pokysdk-darwin"
+  POKY_EDISON_BIN_PATH = "#{POKY_EDISON_X86_PATH}/usr/bin/i586-poky-linux"
+
+
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.command = "#{POKY_EDISON_BIN_PATH}/i586-poky-linux-gcc"
+    cc.include_paths << ["#{POKY_EDISON_SYSROOT}/usr/include", "#{POKY_EDISON_X86_PATH}/usr/include"]
+    cc.flags = %w(-m32 -march=core2 -mtune=core2 -msse3 -mfpmath=sse -mstackrealign -fno-omit-frame-pointer)
+    cc.flags << %w(-O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types)
+    cc.flags << "--sysroot=#{POKY_EDISON_SYSROOT}"
+    cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
+    cc.defines = %w(MRB_USE_READLINE)
+  end
+
+  conf.cxx do |cxx|
+    cxx.command = "#{POKY_EDISON_BIN_PATH}/i586-poky-linux-g++"
+    cxx.include_paths = conf.cc.include_paths.dup
+    cxx.include_paths << ["#{POKY_EDISON_SYSROOT}/usr/include/c++/4.9.1"]
+    cxx.flags = conf.cc.flags.dup
+    cxx.defines = conf.cc.defines.dup
+    cxx.compile_options = conf.cc.compile_options.dup
+  end
+
+  conf.archiver do |archiver|
+    archiver.command = "#{POKY_EDISON_BIN_PATH}/i586-poky-linux-ar"
+    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
+  end
+
+  conf.linker do |linker|
+    linker.command = "#{POKY_EDISON_BIN_PATH}/i586-poky-linux-g++"
+    linker.flags = %w(-m32 -march=i586)
+    linker.flags << "--sysroot=#{POKY_EDISON_SYSROOT}"
+    linker.flags << %w(-O1)
+    linker.libraries = %w(m pthread)
+  end
+
+  #do not build executable test
+  conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  #lightweight regular expression
+  conf.gem :github => "pbosetti/mruby-hs-regexp", :branch => "master"
+
+end

build_config/IntelGalileo.rb

@@ -1,22 +1,5 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-end
-
-
 # Cross Compiling configuration for Intel Galileo on Arduino environment
-# http://arduino.cc/en/ArduinoCertified/IntelGalileo
+# https://arduino.cc/en/ArduinoCertified/IntelGalileo
 #
 # Requires Arduino IDE for Intel Galileo
 MRuby::CrossBuild.new("Galileo") do |conf|
@@ -39,7 +22,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("Galileo") do |conf|
     cc.flags = %w(-m32 -march=i586 -c -g -Os -w
               -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -MMD -DARDUINO=153)
     cc.flags << "--sysroot=#{GALILEO_SYSROOT}"
-    cc.compile_options = "%{flags} -o %{outfile} -c %{infile}"
+    cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
   end
 
   conf.cxx do |cxx|
@@ -54,7 +37,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("Galileo") do |conf|
 
   conf.archiver do |archiver|
     archiver.command = "#{GALILEO_BIN_PATH}/i586-poky-linux-uclibc-ar"
-    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs %{outfile} %{objs}'
+    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
   end
 
   conf.linker do |linker|

build_config/RX630.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# Cross Compiling configuration for RX630
+# http://gadget.renesas.com/
+#
+# Requires gnurx_v14.03
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new("RX630") do |conf|
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # Linux
+  BIN_PATH = "/usr/share/gnurx_v14.03_elf-1/bin"
+
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/rx-elf-gcc"
+    cc.flags = "-Wall -g -O2 -flto -mcpu=rx600 -m64bit-doubles"
+    cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
+
+    #configuration for low memory environment
+    cc.defines << %w(MRB_USE_FLOAT32)
+    cc.defines << %w(MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE=64)
+    cc.defines << %w(KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE=8)
+    cc.defines << %w(MRB_GC_STRESS)
+    cc.defines << %w(MRB_NO_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
+    #cc.defines << %w(POOL_PAGE_SIZE=1000) #effective only for use with mruby-eval
+  end
+
+  conf.cxx do |cxx|
+    cxx.command = conf.cc.command.dup
+    cxx.include_paths = conf.cc.include_paths.dup
+    cxx.flags = conf.cc.flags.dup
+    cxx.defines = conf.cc.defines.dup
+    cxx.compile_options = conf.cc.compile_options.dup
+  end
+
+  conf.linker do |linker|
+    linker.command="#{BIN_PATH}/rx-elf-ld"
+  end
+
+  conf.archiver do |archiver|
+    archiver.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/rx-elf-ar"
+    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
+  end
+
+  #no executables
+  conf.bins = []
+
+  #do not build executable test
+  conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  #disable C++ exception
+  conf.disable_cxx_exception
+
+  #gems from core
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-sprintf"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-print"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-math"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enum-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-numeric-ext"
+
+  #light-weight regular expression
+  #conf.gem :github => "masamitsu-murase/mruby-hs-regexp", :branch => "master"
+
+  #Arduino API
+  #conf.gem :github =>"kyab/mruby-arduino", :branch => "master"
+
+end

build_config/android_arm64-v8a.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Requires Android NDK r13 or later.
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-arm64-v8a') do |conf|
+  params = {
+    :arch => 'arm64-v8a',
+    :platform => 'android-24',
+    :toolchain => :clang,
+  }
+  toolchain :android, params
+
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+end

build_config/android_armeabi.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Requires Android NDK r13 or later.
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-armeabi') do |conf|
+  params = {
+    :arch => 'armeabi',
+    :platform => 'android-24',
+    :toolchain => :clang,
+  }
+  toolchain :android, params
+
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+end

build_config/android_armeabi_v7a_neon_hard.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Requires Android NDK r13 or later.
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-armeabi-v7a-neon-hard') do |conf|
+  params = {
+    :arch => 'armeabi-v7a',
+    :mfpu => 'neon',
+    :mfloat_abi => 'hard',
+    :platform => 'android-24',
+    :toolchain => :clang,
+  }
+  toolchain :android, params
+
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+end

build_config/bench.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+MRuby::Build.new('bench') do |conf|
+  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
+  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
+    toolchain :visualcpp
+  else
+    toolchain :gcc
+    conf.cc.flags << '-O3'
+  end
+
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+end

build_config/boxing.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+boxings = %w[no word nan]
+bits = [64, 32]
+ints = [64, 32]
+
+boxings.product(bits, ints) do |boxing, bit, int|
+  next if boxing == "nan" && int == 64
+
+  MRuby::Build.new("boxing-#{boxing}-m#{bit}-i#{int}") do |conf|
+    conf.toolchain :gcc
+    conf.gembox 'default'
+    conf.compilers.each do |c|
+      c.defines << "MRB_#{boxing.upcase}_BOXING"
+      c.defines << "MRB_INT#{int}"
+      c.flags << "-m#{bit}"
+    end
+    conf.linker.flags << "-m#{bit}"
+    conf.enable_debug
+    conf.enable_test
+    conf.enable_bintest
+  end
+end

build_config/chipKITMax32.rb

@@ -1,21 +1,5 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-end
-
 # Cross Compiling configuration for Digilent chipKIT Max32
-# http://www.digilentinc.com/Products/Detail.cfm?Prod=CHIPKIT-MAX32
+# https://www.digilentinc.com/Products/Detail.cfm?Prod=CHIPKIT-MAX32
 #
 # Requires MPIDE (https://github.com/chipKIT32/chipKIT32-MAX)
 #
@@ -39,15 +23,13 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("chipKITMax32") do |conf|
     cc.flags = %w(-O2 -mno-smart-io -w -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -g -mdebugger -Wcast-align
                 -fno-short-double -mprocessor=32MX795F512L -DF_CPU=80000000L -DARDUINO=23 -D_BOARD_MEGA_
                 -DMPIDEVER=0x01000202 -DMPIDE=23)
-    cc.compile_options = "%{flags} -o %{outfile} -c %{infile}"
+    cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
 
     #configuration for low memory environment
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE=64)
-    cc.defines << %w(MRB_USE_IV_SEGLIST)
     cc.defines << %w(KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE=8)
-    cc.defines << %w(MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE=20)
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_GC_STRESS)
-    #cc.defines << %w(DISABLE_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
+    #cc.defines << %w(MRB_NO_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
     #cc.defines << %w(POOL_PAGE_SIZE=1000) #effective only for use with mruby-eval
   end
 
@@ -61,7 +43,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("chipKITMax32") do |conf|
 
   conf.archiver do |archiver|
     archiver.command = "#{PIC32_PATH}/compiler/pic32-tools/bin/pic32-ar"
-    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs %{outfile} %{objs}'
+    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
   end
 
   #no executables

build_config/ci/gcc-clang.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+STDOUT.sync = STDERR.sync = true unless Rake.application.options.always_multitask
+
+MRuby::Build.new('full-debug') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain
+  conf.enable_debug
+
+  # include all core GEMs
+  conf.gembox 'full-core'
+  conf.cc.defines += %w(MRB_GC_STRESS MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK)
+
+  conf.enable_test
+end
+
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  # include all core GEMs
+  conf.gembox 'full-core'
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-debugger'
+  conf.compilers.each do |c|
+    c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA)
+  end
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end
+
+MRuby::Build.new('cxx_abi') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  conf.gembox 'full-core'
+  conf.cc.flags += %w(-fpermissive)
+  conf.compilers.each do |c|
+    c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA)
+  end
+  conf.enable_test
+
+  conf.enable_cxx_abi
+
+  conf.build_mrbc_exec
+end

build_config/ci/msvc.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+STDOUT.sync = STDERR.sync = true unless Rake.application.options.always_multitask
+
+def setup_option(conf)
+  conf.cc.compile_options.sub!(%r{/Zi }, "") unless ENV['CFLAGS']
+  conf.cxx.compile_options.sub!(%r{/Zi }, "") unless ENV['CFLAGS'] || ENV['CXXFLAGS']
+  conf.linker.flags << "/DEBUG:NONE" unless ENV['LDFLAGS']
+end
+
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :visualcpp
+
+  # include all core GEMs
+  conf.gembox 'full-core'
+  conf.compilers.each do |c|
+    c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA)
+  end
+  setup_option(conf)
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/clang-asan.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :clang
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  conf.enable_sanitizer "address,undefined"
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/cross-32bit.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Define cross build settings
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('cross-32bit') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :gcc
+
+  conf.cc.flags << "-m32"
+  conf.linker.flags << "-m32"
+
+  # conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-bin-mruby"
+  conf.gem "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example"
+
+  conf.test_runner.command = 'env'
+end

build_config/default.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  # Use mrbgems
+  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example'
+  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_extension_example' do |g|
+  #   g.cc.flags << '-g' # append cflags in this gem
+  # end
+  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example'
+  # conf.gem :core => 'mruby-eval'
+  # conf.gem :mgem => 'mruby-onig-regexp'
+  # conf.gem :github => 'mattn/mruby-onig-regexp'
+  # conf.gem :git => 'git@github.com:mattn/mruby-onig-regexp.git', :branch => 'master', :options => '-v'
+
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  # C compiler settings
+  # conf.cc do |cc|
+  #   cc.command = ENV['CC'] || 'gcc'
+  #   cc.flags = [ENV['CFLAGS'] || %w()]
+  #   cc.include_paths = ["#{root}/include"]
+  #   cc.defines = %w()
+  #   cc.option_include_path = %q[-I"%s"]
+  #   cc.option_define = '-D%s'
+  #   cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -MMD -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
+  # end
+
+  # mrbc settings
+  # conf.mrbc do |mrbc|
+  #   mrbc.compile_options = "-g -B%{funcname} -o-" # The -g option is required for line numbers
+  # end
+
+  # Linker settings
+  # conf.linker do |linker|
+  #   linker.command = ENV['LD'] || 'gcc'
+  #   linker.flags = [ENV['LDFLAGS'] || []]
+  #   linker.flags_before_libraries = []
+  #   linker.libraries = %w()
+  #   linker.flags_after_libraries = []
+  #   linker.library_paths = []
+  #   linker.option_library = '-l%s'
+  #   linker.option_library_path = '-L%s'
+  #   linker.link_options = "%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" %{objs} %{libs}"
+  # end
+
+  # Archiver settings
+  # conf.archiver do |archiver|
+  #   archiver.command = ENV['AR'] || 'ar'
+  #   archiver.archive_options = 'rs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
+  # end
+
+  # Parser generator settings
+  # conf.yacc do |yacc|
+  #   yacc.command = ENV['YACC'] || 'bison'
+  #   yacc.compile_options = %q[-o "%{outfile}" "%{infile}"]
+  # end
+
+  # gperf settings
+  # conf.gperf do |gperf|
+  #   gperf.command = 'gperf'
+  #   gperf.compile_options = %q[-L ANSI-C -C -p -j1 -i 1 -g -o -t -N mrb_reserved_word -k"1,3,$" "%{infile}" > "%{outfile}"]
+  # end
+
+  # file extensions
+  # conf.exts do |exts|
+  #   exts.object = '.o'
+  #   exts.executable = '' # '.exe' if Windows
+  #   exts.library = '.a'
+  # end
+
+  # file separator
+  # conf.file_separator = '/'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  # conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/dreamcast_shelf.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# Cross Compiling configuration for the Sega Dreamcast
+# This configuration requires KallistiOS (KOS)
+# https://dreamcast.wiki
+#
+# Tested on GNU/Linux, MinGW-w64/MSYS2, Cygwin, macOS and MinGW/MSYS (see below)
+#
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new("dreamcast") do |conf|
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # Support for DreamSDK (based on MinGW/MSYS)
+  # To compile mruby with DreamSDK, RubyInstaller for Windows should be installed
+  DREAMSDK_HOME = ENV["DREAMSDK_HOME"]
+  MSYS_ROOT = !(DREAMSDK_HOME.nil? || DREAMSDK_HOME.empty?) ? "#{DREAMSDK_HOME}/msys/1.0" : ""
+
+  # Setting paths
+  DREAMCAST_PATH = "#{MSYS_ROOT}/opt/toolchains/dc"
+  KOS_PATH = "#{DREAMCAST_PATH}/kos"
+  BIN_PATH = "#{DREAMCAST_PATH}/sh-elf/bin"
+
+  # C compiler
+  # Flags were extracted from KallistiOS environment files
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/sh-elf-gcc"	
+    cc.include_paths << ["#{KOS_PATH}/include", "#{KOS_PATH}/kernel/arch/dreamcast/include", "#{KOS_PATH}/addons/include", "#{KOS_PATH}/../kos-ports/include"]
+    cc.flags << ["-O2", "-fomit-frame-pointer", "-ml", "-m4-single-only", "-ffunction-sections", "-fdata-sections", "-Wall", "-g", "-fno-builtin", "-ml", "-m4-single-only", "-Wl,-Ttext=0x8c010000", "-Wl,--gc-sections", "-T#{KOS_PATH}/utils/ldscripts/shlelf.xc", "-nodefaultlibs"]
+    cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
+    cc.defines << %w(_arch_dreamcast)
+    cc.defines << %w(_arch_sub_pristine)
+  end
+
+  # C++ compiler
+  conf.cxx do |cxx|
+    cxx.command = conf.cc.command.dup
+    cxx.include_paths = conf.cc.include_paths.dup
+    cxx.flags = conf.cc.flags.dup
+    cxx.flags << %w(-fno-rtti -fno-exceptions)
+    cxx.defines = conf.cc.defines.dup
+    cxx.compile_options = conf.cc.compile_options.dup
+  end
+
+  # Linker
+  # There is an issue when making the mruby library with KallistiOS:
+  # 'newlib_kill.o' and 'newlib_getpid.o' aren't found so they are explicitly
+  # specified here at least for now.
+  conf.linker do |linker|
+    linker.command="#{BIN_PATH}/sh-elf-gcc"
+    linker.flags << ["#{MSYS_ROOT}/opt/toolchains/dc/kos/kernel/build/newlib_kill.o", "#{MSYS_ROOT}/opt/toolchains/dc/kos/kernel/build/newlib_getpid.o", "-Wl,--start-group -lkallisti -lc -lgcc -Wl,--end-group"]
+    linker.library_paths << ["#{KOS_PATH}/lib/dreamcast", "#{KOS_PATH}/addons/lib/dreamcast", "#{KOS_PATH}/../kos-ports/lib"]
+  end
+
+  # Archiver
+  conf.archiver do |archiver|
+    archiver.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/sh-elf-ar"
+    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
+  end
+
+  # No executables
+  conf.bins = []
+
+  # Do not build executable test
+  conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  # Disable C++ exception
+  conf.disable_cxx_exception
+
+  # Gems from core
+  # removing mruby-io
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-metaprog"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-pack"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-sprintf"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-print"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-math"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-time"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-struct"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-compar-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enum-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-string-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-numeric-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-array-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-hash-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-range-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-proc-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-symbol-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-random"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-object-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-objectspace"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-fiber"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enumerator"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enum-lazy"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-toplevel-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-kernel-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-class-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-compiler"
+end

build_config/gameboyadvance.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+# Cross Compiling configuration for the Nintendo GameBoyAdvance.
+# This configuration requires devkitARM
+# https://devkitpro.org/wiki/Getting_Started/devkitARM
+#
+# Tested only on GNU/Linux
+#
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new("gameboyadvance") do |conf|
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  DEVKITPRO_PATH = "/opt/devkitpro"
+  BIN_PATH = "#{DEVKITPRO_PATH}/devkitARM/bin"
+
+  # C compiler
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/arm-none-eabi-gcc"
+    cc.flags << ["-mthumb-interwork", "-mthumb", "-O2"]
+    cc.compile_options = %(%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}")
+  end
+
+  # C++ compiler
+  conf.cxx do |cxx|
+    cxx.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/arm-none-eabi-g++"
+    cxx.include_paths = conf.cc.include_paths.dup
+    cxx.flags = conf.cc.flags.dup
+    cxx.flags << %w[-fno-rtti -fno-exceptions]
+    cxx.defines = conf.cc.defines.dup
+    cxx.compile_options = conf.cc.compile_options.dup
+  end
+
+  # Linker
+  conf.linker do |linker|
+    linker.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/arm-none-eabi-gcc"
+    linker.flags << ["-mthumb-interwork", "-mthumb", "-specs=gba.specs"]
+  end
+
+  # No executables
+  conf.bins = []
+
+  # Do not build executable test
+  conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  # Disable C++ exception
+  conf.disable_cxx_exception
+
+  # Gems from core
+  # removing mruby-io
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-metaprog"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-pack"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-sprintf"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-print"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-math"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-time"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-struct"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-compar-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-enum-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-string-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-numeric-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-array-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-hash-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-range-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-proc-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-symbol-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-random"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-object-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-objectspace"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-fiber"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-enumerator"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-enum-lazy"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-toplevel-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-kernel-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-class-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-compiler"
+end

build_config/host-cxx.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  # include the default GEMs
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  # C compiler settings
+  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK)
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_cxx_abi
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/host-debug.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+MRuby::Build.new('host') do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  conf.enable_debug
+
+  # include the default GEMs
+  conf.gembox 'full-core'
+
+  # C compiler settings
+  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK MRB_NO_BOXING)
+
+  # Generate mruby debugger command (require mruby-eval)
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-bin-debugger"
+
+  # test
+  conf.enable_test
+  # bintest
+  conf.enable_bintest
+end

build_config/host-gprof.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  conf.cc.flags << '-pg'
+  conf.linker.flags << '-pg'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/host-m32.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  conf.cc.flags << '-m32'
+  conf.linker.flags << '-m32'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_test
+  conf.enable_bintest
+end

build_config/host-shared.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+
+  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
+  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
+    toolchain :visualcpp
+  else
+    toolchain :gcc
+  end
+
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  # C compiler settings
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.flags = '-fPIC'
+  end
+
+  conf.archiver do |archiver|
+    archiver.command = 'gcc'
+    archiver.archive_options = '-shared -o %{outfile} %{objs}'
+  end
+
+  # file extensions
+  conf.exts do |exts|
+     exts.library = '.so'
+  end
+
+  # file separator
+  # conf.file_separator = '/'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/mrbc.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
+    conf.toolchain :visualcpp
+  else
+    conf.toolchain :gcc
+  end
+
+  conf.build_mrbc_exec
+  conf.disable_libmruby
+  conf.disable_presym
+end

build_config/no-float.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Define cross build settings
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('no-float') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  # Add configuration
+  conf.compilers.each do |c|
+    c.defines << "MRB_NO_FLOAT"
+  end
+
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-bin-mruby"
+
+  conf.test_runner.command = 'env'
+
+  conf.enable_debug
+#  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

doc/api/README.md

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# C API Reference
-
-This is a C API Reference.
-The structure of this document will follow the directory structure of `include/` directory.
-
-## Headers list
-Header name|Features
------------|--------
-[mrbconf.h](../mrbconf/README.md)|Defines macros for mruby configurations.
-[mruby.h](./mruby.h.md)|Main header of mruby C API. Include this first.
-[mruby/array.h](./mruby.array.h.md)|`Array` class.
-[mruby/class.h](./mruby.class.h.md)|`Class` class.
-[mruby/compile.h](./mruby.compile.h.md)|mruby compiler.
-[mruby/data.h](./mruby.data.h.md)|User defined object.
-[mruby/debug.h](./mruby.debug.h.md)|Debugging.
-[mruby/dump.h](./mruby.dump.h.md)|Dumping compiled mruby script.
-[mruby/error.h](./mruby.error.h.md)|Error handling.
-[mruby/gc.h](./mruby.gc.h.md)|Uncommon memory management stuffs.
-[mruby/hash.h](./mruby.hash.h.md)|`Hash` class.
-[mruby/irep.h](./mruby.irep.h.md)|Compiled mruby script.
-[mruby/khash.h](./mruby.khash.h.md)|Defines of khash which is used in hash table of mruby.
-[mruby/numeric.h](./mruby.numeric.h.md)|`Numeric` class and sub-classes of it.
-[mruby/opode.h](./mruby.opcode.h.md)|Operation codes used in mruby VM.
-[mruby/proc.h](./mruby.proc.h.md)|`Proc` class.
-[mruby/range.h](./mruby.range.h.md)|`Range` class.
-[mruby/re.h](./mruby.re.h.md)|`Regexp` class.
-[mruby/string.h](./mruby.string.h.md)|`String` class.
-[mruby/value.h](./mruby.value.h.md)|`mrb_value` functions and macros.
-[mruby/variable.h](./mruby.variable.h.md)|Functions to access to mruby variables.
-[mruby/version.h](./mruby.version.h.md)|Macros of mruby version.

doc/api/mruby.h.md

@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-# mruby.h
-
-Basic header of mruby.
-It includes **mrbconf.h**, **mruby/value.h**, **mruby/version.h** internally.
-
-## `mrb_state` management
-
-### mrb_open
-```C
-mrb_state* mrb_open();
-```
-Creates new `mrb_state`.
-
-### mrb_allocf
-```C
-typedef void* (*mrb_allocf) (struct mrb_state *mrb, void *ptr, size_t s, void *ud);
-```
-Function pointer type of custom allocator used in `mrb_open_allocf`.
-
-The function pointing it must behave similarly as `realloc` except:
-* If `ptr` is `NULL` it must allocate new space.
-* If `s` is `NULL`, `ptr` must be freed.
-
-### mrb_open_allocf
-```C
-mrb_state* mrb_open_allocf(mrb_allocf f, void *ud);
-```
-Create new `mrb_state` with custom allocator.
-`ud` will be passed to custom allocator `f`.
-If user data isn't required just pass `NULL`.
-Function pointer `f` must satisfy requirements of its type.
-
-### mrb_close
-```C
-void mrb_close(mrb_state *mrb);
-```
-Deletes `mrb_state`.
-
-## Method
-
-### mrb_get_args
-```C
-int mrb_get_args(mrb_state *mrb, const char *format, ...);
-```
-Retrieve arguments from `mrb_state`.
-Use it inside a function pointed by `mrb_func_t`.
-It returns number of function retrieved.
-`format` is a list of following format specifier:
-
-char|mruby type|retrieve types|note
-:---:|----------|--------------|---
-`o`|`Object`|`mrb_value`|Could be used to retreive any type of argument
-`C`|`Class`/`Module`|`mrb_value`|
-`S`|`String`|`mrb_value`|
-`A`|`Array`|`mrb_value`|
-`H`|`Hash`|`mrb_value`|
-`s`|`String`|`char*`, `mrb_int`|
-`z`|`String`|`char*`|
-`a`|`Array`|`mrb_value*`, `mrb_int`|
-`f`|`Float`|`mrb_float`|
-`i`|`Integer`|`mrb_int`|
-`b`|boolean|`mrb_bool`|
-`n`|`Symbol`|`mrb_sym`|
-`&`|block|`mrb_value`|
-`*`|rest arguments|`mrb_value*`, `mrb_int`|Receive the rest of arguments as an array.
-<code>&#124;</code>|optional||After this spec following specs would be optional.
-`?`|optional given|`mrb_bool`|True if preceding argument is given. Used to check optional argument is given.
-
-The passing variadic arguments must be a pointer of retrieving type.

doc/debugger/README.md

@@ -1,341 +0,0 @@
-# How to use mruby debugger mrdb
-
-copyright (c) 2014 Specified Non-Profit Coorporation mruby Forum
-
-## 1.Summary
-This file documents the method for using the mruby debugger 'mrdb'
-
-## 2 debugging with mrdb
-
-## 2.1 Building mrdb
-
-The trunk of the mruby source tree can be checked out with following command/
-
-```bash
-$ git clone https://github.com/Kumikomi-Ruby/forum-mruby.git mruby
-```
-
-Run make command
-```bash
-$ cd mruby
-$ make
-```
-
-By default, make command will install debugger files into mruby/bin.
-
-You can add the path for mrdb on your host environment with following command
-
-```bash
-$ echo "export PATH=\$PATH:MRUBY_ROOT/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
-$ source ~/.bashrc
-```
-
-*MRUBY_ROOT is the directory in which mruby source cords will be installed.
-
-To confirm mrdb was instaleed properly,run mrdb with --version option
-
-```bash
-$ mrdb --version
-mruby 1.1.0 (2014-11-19)
-```
-
-## 2.2 Bassic Operation
-
-### 2.2.1 debugging mruby script file(rb file) with mrdb
-
-To invoke mruby debugger, just type mrdb.
-
-To specify the script file ,
-
-```bash
-$ mrdb [option] file name
-```
-
-For example : Debugging sample.rb
-
-```bash
-$ mrdb sample.rb
-```
-
-You can excute shell commands listed below
-
-|command|description|
-|:-:|:--|
-|run|execute programs|
-|step|execute stepping|
-|continue|execute continuing program|
-|break|configure the breaking point|
-|delete|deleting the breaking points|
-|disable|disabling the breaking points|
-|enable|enabling the breaking points|
-|info breakpoints|showing list of the breaking points|
-|print|eavaluating and printing the values of the mruby expressions in the script|
-|list|displaying the source cords|
-|help|showing help|
-|quit|terminating the mruby debugger|
-
-### 2.2.2 debugging mruby binary file(mrb file) with mrdb
-
-You can debugg the mruby binary files
-
-#### 2.2.2.1 debuggg the binary files
-
-* notice
-To debugg mruby binary files, you need to compile mruby files with option -g.
-
-```bash
-$ mrbc -g sample.rb
-```
-
-You can debugg the mruby binary files with following command and the option -b.
-
-```bash
-$ mrdb -b sample.mrb
-```
-
-Then you can execute all debugger shell commands.
-
-#### break command
- you can give any breakpoint to stop the program by specifiyng the line number and method name.
- And the breakpoint list will be displayed after you finished to set the breakpoint succesfully.
-
-Usage:
-```
-break [file:]lineno
-b [file:]lineno
-break [class:]method
-b [class:]method
-```
-
-The breakpoint will be numbered in serial order from 1.The number which was given to deleted breakpoint will not be given to another breakpoint again.
-
-You can give multiple breakpoints to specified the line number and method.
-Be ware that breakpoint command will not check the validity of the class name and method name.
-
-You can see the current breakpoint information by following options.
-
-breakpoint breakpoint number : file name. line number
-
-breakpoint breakpoint number : [class name,] method name
-
-#### continue command
-
-Usage:
-```
-continue [N]
-c [N]
-```
-
-N: the next breakpoint number
-
-Resuming the program and will stop the program at breakpoint at N (N-1 breakpoint will be ignored)
-
-When you run continue command without any specifying N ,Program will be stopped at next breakpoint.
-
-Example:
-```
-(foo.rb:1) continue 3
-```
-Resuming the program and stopping the program at the third breakpoint.
-
-#### delete command
-
-Deleting specified breakpoint
-
-Usage:
-```
-delete [breakpointno]
-d [breakpointno]
-```
-
-breakpointno: breakpoint number
-
-Example:
-```
-(foo.rb:1) delete
-```
-
-Deleting all brealpoint
-```
-(foo.rb:1) delete 1 3
-```
-
-Deleting the breakpoint 1 and 3
-
-#### diable command
-
-Disabling the specified breakpoint
-
-Usage:
-```
-disable [breakpointno]
-dis [breakpointno]
-```
-
-brealpointno: breakpoint number
-
-Example:
-```
-(foo.rb:1) disable
-```
-
-Desabling all brealpoint
-```
-(foo.rb:1) disable 1 3
-```
-
-Disabling the breakpoint 1 and 3
-
-#### enable command
-
-Enababling the specified breakpoint
-
-Usage:
-```
-enable [breakpointno]
-e [breakpointno]
-```
-
-brealpointno: breakpoint number
-
-Example:
-```
-(foo.rb:1) enable
-```
-
-Enabling all brealpoint
-```
-(foo.rb:1) enable 1 3
-```
-
-Enabling the breakpoint 1 and 3
-
-#### eval command
-
-Evaluating the string as source code and printing the value.
-
-Same as print command, please see print command.
-
-#### help command
-
-Displaying the help message.
-
-Usage:
-```
-help [comand]
-h [command]
-```
-Typing help without any option will displays the command list.
-
-#### info breakpoints command
-
-Displaying the specified breakpoint information.
-
-Usage:
-```
-info breakpoints [breakpointno]
-i b [breakpointno]
-```
-
-breakpointno: breakpoint number
-
-Typing "info breakpoints" without ant option will display all breakpoint information.
-Example
-```
-(sample.rb:1) info breakpoints
-Num     Type           Enb What  
-1       breakpoint     y   at sample.rb:3                      -> file name,line number
-2       breakpoint     n   in Sample_class:sample_class_method -> [class:]method name
-3       breakpoint     y   in sample_global_method
-```
-
-Displaying specified the breakpoint number
-```
-(foo.rb:1) info breakpoints 1 3
-Num     Type           Enb What  
-1       breakpoint     y   at sample.rb:3  
-3       breakpoint     y   in sample_global_method
-```
-
-#### list command
-
-Displaying the cords of the source file.
-
-Usage:
-```
-list [filename:]first[,last]
-l [filename]:first[,last]
-```
-
-first: the opening row number
-last : the closing row number
-
-When you specify first , but not specify option "last" , you will get 10 rows.
-When you don not specify both of first and last, you will next 10 rows.
-
-Example:
-```
-Specifying file name and first row number
-sample.rb:1) list sample2.rb:5
-```
-
-Specifying file name and first and last row number
-```
-(sample.rb:1) list sample2.rb:6,7
-```
-
-#### print command
-Evaluating the string as source code and printing the value.
-
-Usage:
-```
-print [expr]
-p [expr]
-```
-
-expr: expression
-
-To specify the expression is indispensableness.
-The displayed expressions will be numbered in serial order from 1.
-If an exception occurs, the exception information will be displayed and the debugging will be continued.
-
-Example:
-```
-(sample.rb:1) print 1+2
-$1 = 3
-(sample.rb:1) print self
-$2 = main
-```
-
-below is the case of the exception:
-```
-(sample.rb:1) print (1+2
-$1 =  SyntaxError: line 1: syntax error, unexpected $end, expecting ')'
-```
-
-#### quit command
-Quitting the debugger.
-
-Usage:
-```
-quit
-q
-```
-
-#### run command
-
-Running the program and stopping at the first breakpoint.
-
-Usage:
-```
-run
-r
-```
-
-#### step command
-
-Running the program step by step.
-When the method and the block will be invoked, the program will be stop at the first row.
-The program which is developed by C language will be ignored.
-
-period

doc/guides/compile.md

@@ -6,41 +6,53 @@ binaries.
 ## Prerequisites
 
 To compile mruby out of the source code you need the following tools:
-* C Compiler (i.e. ```gcc```)
-* Linker (i.e. ```gcc```)
-* Archive utility (i.e. ```ar```)
-* Parser generator (i.e. ```bison```)
-* Ruby 1.8 or 1.9 (i.e. ```ruby``` or ```jruby```)
+
+* C Compiler (e.g. `gcc` or `clang`)
+* Linker (e.g. `gcc` or `clang`)
+* Archive utility (e.g. `ar`)
+* Parser generator (`bison`)
+* Ruby 2.0 or later (e.g. `ruby` or `jruby`)
+
+Note that `bison` bundled with MacOS is too old to compile `mruby`.
+Try `brew install bison` and follow the instruction shown to update
+the `$PATH` to compile `mruby`. We also encourage to upgrade `ruby`
+on MacOS in similar manner.
 
 Optional:
-* GIT (to update mruby source and integrate mrbgems easier)
+
+* git (to update mruby source and integrate mrbgems easier)
 * C++ compiler (to use GEMs which include \*.cpp, \*.cxx, \*.cc)
-* Assembler (to use GEMs which include \*.asm)
 
-## Usage
+## Build
+
+To compile `mruby` with the default build configuration, just invoke `rake`
+inside of the mruby source root. To generate and execute the test tools call
+`rake test`. To clean all build files call `rake clean`. To see full command
+line on build, call `rake -v`.
+
+You can specify your own configuration file by the `MRUBY_CONFIG` environment
+variable (you can use `CONFIG` for shorthand for `MRUBY_CONFIG`). If the path
+doesn't exist, *build_config/${MRUBY_CONFIG}.rb* is used. The default
+configuration is defined in the `build_config/default.rb` file.
+
+Those build configuration files contain the build configuration of mruby, for
+example:
 
-Inside of the root directory of the mruby source a file exists
-called *build_config.rb*. This file contains the build configuration
-of mruby and looks like this for example:
 ```ruby
 MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
+  conf.toolchain :gcc
 end
 ```
 
-All tools necessary to compile mruby can be set or modified here. In case
-you want to maintain an additional *build_config.rb* you can define a
-customized path using the *$MRUBY_CONFIG* environment variable.
-
-To compile just call ```./minirake``` inside of the mruby source root. To
-generate and execute the test tools call ```./minirake test```. To clean
-all build files call ```./minirake clean```. To see full command line on
-build, call ```./minirake -v```.
+All tools necessary to compile mruby can be set or modified here.
 
 ## Build Configuration
 
-Inside of the *build_config.rb* the following options can be configured
-based on your environment.
+We wish you submit a pull-request to *build_config/**PLATFORM**.rb*, once you
+created a new configuration for a new platform.
+
+Inside of the configuration file, the following options can be
+configured based on your environment.
 
 ### Toolchains
 
@@ -50,54 +62,56 @@ configure the build environment for specific compiler infrastructures.
 #### GCC
 
 Toolchain configuration for the GNU C Compiler.
+
 ```ruby
-toolchain :gcc
+conf.toolchain :gcc
 ```
 
 #### clang
 
 Toolchain configuration for the LLVM C Compiler clang. Mainly equal to the
 GCC toolchain.
+
 ```ruby
-toolchain :clang
+conf.toolchain :clang
 ```
 
 #### Visual Studio 2010, 2012 and 2013
 
 Toolchain configuration for Visual Studio on Windows. If you use the
-[Visual Studio Command Prompt](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms229859\(v=vs.110\).aspx),
+[Visual Studio Command Prompt](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms229859\(v=vs.110\).aspx),
 you normally do not have to specify this manually, since it gets automatically detected by our build process.
-```
-toolchain :visualcpp
+
+```ruby
+conf.toolchain :visualcpp
 ```
 
 #### Android
 
 Toolchain configuration for Android.
+
 ```ruby
-toolchain :androideabi
+conf.toolchain :android
 ```
 
 Requires the custom standalone Android NDK and the toolchain path
-in ```ANDROID_STANDALONE_TOOLCHAIN```.
+in `ANDROID_STANDALONE_TOOLCHAIN`.
 
 ### Binaries
 
 It is possible to select which tools should be compiled during the compilation
-process. The following tools can be selected:
-* mruby (mruby interpreter)
-* mirb (mruby interactive shell)
+process. For example,
 
-To select them declare conf.gem as follows:
-```ruby
-conf.gem "#{root}/mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby"
-conf.gem "#{root}/mrbgems/mruby-bin-mirb"
-```
+* `mruby`
+* `mirb`
+
+The configuration are done via `mrbgems`. See `Mrbgems` section.
 
 ### File Separator
 
 Some environments require a different file separator character. It is possible to
-set the character via ```conf.file_separator```.
+set the character via `conf.file_separator`.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.file_separator = '/'
 ```
@@ -105,6 +119,7 @@ conf.file_separator = '/'
 ### C Compiler
 
 Configuration of the C compiler binary, flags and include paths.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.cc do |cc|
   cc.command = ...
@@ -119,7 +134,8 @@ end
 
 C Compiler has header searcher to detect installed library.
 
-If you need a include path of header file use ```search_header_path```:
+If you need a include path of header file use `search_header_path`:
+
 ```ruby
 # Searches ```iconv.h```.
 # If found it will return include path of the header file.
@@ -127,7 +143,8 @@ If you need a include path of header file use ```search_header_path```:
 fail 'iconv.h not found' unless conf.cc.search_header_path 'iconv.h'
 ```
 
-If you need a full file name of header file use ```search_header```:
+If you need a full file name of header file use `search_header`:
+
 ```ruby
 # Searches ```iconv.h```.
 # If found it will return full path of the header file.
@@ -136,11 +153,12 @@ iconv_h = conf.cc.search_header 'iconv.h'
 print "iconv.h found: #{iconv_h}\n"
 ```
 
-Header searcher uses compiler's ```include_paths``` by default.
+Header searcher uses compiler's `include_paths` by default.
 When you are using GCC toolchain (including clang toolchain since its base is gcc toolchain)
-it will use compiler specific include paths too. (For example ```/usr/local/include```, ```/usr/include```)
+it will use compiler specific include paths too. (For example `/usr/local/include`, `/usr/include`)
+
+If you need a special header search paths define a singleton method `header_search_paths` to C compiler:
 
-If you need a special header search paths define a singleton method ```header_search_paths``` to C compiler:
 ```ruby
 def conf.cc.header_search_paths
   ['/opt/local/include'] + include_paths
@@ -150,6 +168,7 @@ end
 ### Linker
 
 Configuration of the Linker binary, flags and library paths.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.linker do |linker|
   linker.command = ...
@@ -167,6 +186,7 @@ end
 ### Archiver
 
 Configuration of the Archiver binary and flags.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.archiver do |archiver|
   archiver.command = ...
@@ -177,6 +197,7 @@ end
 ### Parser Generator
 
 Configuration of the Parser Generator binary and flags.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.yacc do |yacc|
   yacc.command = ...
@@ -187,6 +208,7 @@ end
 ### GPerf
 
 Configuration of the GPerf binary and flags.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gperf do |gperf|
   gperf.command = ...
@@ -195,6 +217,7 @@ end
 ```
 
 ### File Extensions
+
 ```ruby
 conf.exts do |exts|
   exts.object = ...
@@ -203,26 +226,52 @@ conf.exts do |exts|
 end
 ```
 
+### Preallocated Symbols
+
+By far, preallocate symbols are highly compatible with the previous versions, so
+we expect you won't see any problem with them. But just in case you face any
+issue, you can disable preallocated symbols by specifying `conf.disable_presym`.
+
+In the build process, `mrbc` under cross compiling environment will be compiled
+with this configuration.
+
 ### Mrbgems
 
-Integrate GEMs in the build process.
-```ruby
-# Integrate GEM with additional configuration
-conf.gem 'path/to/gem' do |g|
-  g.cc.flags << ...
-end
+`mruby` comes with the (sort of) packaging system named `mrbgems`. To
+specify `gem`, you can use `conf.gem` in the configuration file.
 
-# Integrate GEM without additional configuration
-conf.gem 'path/to/another/gem'
+```ruby
+# Integrate a bundled Gem you see in `mrbgems` directory
+conf.gem :core => 'mruby-something'
+
+# Integrate a Gem from GitHub
+conf.gem :github => 'someone/mruby-another'
+
+# Integrate a mruby binary Gem
+conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-mruby'
+
+# Integrate a interactive mruby binary Gem
+conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-mirb'
+
+# Integrate GemBox (set of Gems)
+conf.gembox "default"
 ```
 
+A GemBox is a set of Gems defined in `mrbgems/default.gembox` for example.
+It's just a set of `mrbgem` configurations.
+
+There is a `RubyGem` (gem for CRuby) named `mgem` that help you to
+manage `mrbgems`. Try `gem install mgem`. `mgem` can show you the list
+of registered `mrbgems`.
+
 See doc/mrbgems/README.md for more option about mrbgems.
 
 ### Mrbtest
 
 Configuration Mrbtest build process.
 
-If you want mrbtest.a only, You should set ```conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only```
+If you want mrbtest.a only, You should set `conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only`
+
 ```ruby
 conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
 ```
@@ -230,74 +279,89 @@ conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
 ### Bintest
 
 Tests for mrbgem tools using CRuby.
-To have bintests place \*.rb scripts to ```bintest/``` directory of mrbgems.
-See ```mruby-bin-*/bintest/*.rb``` if you need examples.
-If you want a temporary files use `tempfile` module of CRuby instead of ```/tmp/```.
+To have bintests place \*.rb scripts to `bintest/` directory of mrbgems.
+See `mruby-bin-*/bintest/*.rb` if you need examples.
+If you want a temporary files use `tempfile` module of CRuby instead of `/tmp/`.
 
 You can enable it with following:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.enable_bintest
 ```
 
 ### C++ ABI
 
-mruby can use C++ exception to raise exception internally.
-It is called C++ ABI mode.
-By using C++ exception it can release C++ stack object correctly.
-Whenever you mix C++ code C++ ABI mode would be enabled automatically.
-If you need to enable C++ ABI mode explicity add the following:
+By default, mruby uses setjmp/longjmp to implement its
+exceptions. But it doesn't release C++ stack object
+correctly. To support mrbgems written in C++, mruby can be
+configured to use C++ exception.
+
+There are two levels of C++ exception handling. The one is
+`enable_cxx_exception` that enables C++ exception, but
+uses C ABI. The other is `enable_cxx_abi` where all
+files are compiled by C++ compiler.
+
+When you mix C++ code, C++ exception would be enabled automatically.
+If you need to enable C++ exception explicitly add the following:
+
 ```ruby
-conf.enable_cxx_abi
+conf.enable_cxx_exception
 ```
 
 #### C++ exception disabling.
 
-If you need to force C++ exception disable
-(For example using a compiler option to disable C++ exception)
-add following:
+If your compiler does not support C++ and you want to ensure
+you don't use mrbgem written in C++, you can explicitly disable
+C++ exception, add following:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.disable_cxx_exception
 ```
 
-Note that it must be called before ```enable_cxx_abi``` or ```gem``` method.
+and you will get an error when you try to use C++ gem.
+Note that it must be called before `enable_cxx_exception` or `gem` method.
 
 ### Debugging mode
 
 To enable debugging mode add the following:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.enable_debug
 ```
 
 When debugging mode is enabled
-* Macro ```MRB_DEBUG``` would be defined.
-	* Which means ```mrb_assert()``` macro is enabled.
-* Debug information of irep would be generated by ```mrbc```.
-	* Because ```-g``` flag would be added to ```mrbc``` runner.
+
+* Macro `MRB_DEBUG` would be defined.
+	* Which means `mrb_assert()` macro is enabled.
+* Debug information of irep would be generated by `mrbc`.
+	* Because `-g` flag would be added to `mrbc` runner.
     * You can have better backtrace of mruby scripts with this.
 
 ## Cross-Compilation
 
-mruby can also be cross-compiled from one platform to another. To
-achieve this the *build_config.rb* needs to contain an instance of
-```MRuby::CrossBuild```. This instance defines the compilation
-tools and flags for the target platform. An example could look
-like this:
+mruby can also be cross-compiled from one platform to another. To achieve
+cross-compilation, the build configuration needs to contain an instance of
+`MRuby::CrossBuild`. This instance defines the compilation tools and flags
+for the target platform. An example could look like this:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::CrossBuild.new('32bit') do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
+  conf.toolchain :gcc
 
   conf.cc.flags << "-m32"
   conf.linker.flags << "-m32"
 end
 ```
 
-All configuration options of ```MRuby::Build``` can also be used
-in ```MRuby::CrossBuild```.
+All configuration options of `MRuby::Build` can also be used in
+`MRuby::CrossBuild`. You can find examples under the *build_config*
+directory.
 
 ### Mrbtest in Cross-Compilation
 
-In cross compilation, you can run ```mrbtest``` on emulator if
+In cross compilation, you can run `mrbtest` on emulator if
 you have it by changing configuration of test runner.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.test_runner do |t|
   t.command = ... # set emulator. this value must be non nil or false
@@ -337,21 +401,22 @@ root directory. The structure of this directory will look like this:
 	          +- mruby
 
 The compilation workflow will look like this:
+
 * compile all files under *src* (object files will be stored
 in *build/host/src*)
 * generate parser grammar out of *src/parse.y* (generated
 result will be stored in *build/host/src/y.tab.c*)
 * compile  *build/host/src/y.tab.c* to  *build/host/src/y.tab.o*
 * create *build/host/lib/libmruby_core.a* out of all object files (C only)
-* create ```build/host/bin/mrbc``` by compiling *tools/mrbc/mrbc.c* and
+* create `build/host/bin/mrbc` by compiling *tools/mrbc/mrbc.c* and
 linking with *build/host/lib/libmruby_core.a*
 * create *build/host/mrblib/mrblib.c* by compiling all \*.rb files
-under *mrblib* with ```build/host/bin/mrbc```
+under *mrblib* with `build/host/bin/mrbc`
 * compile *build/host/mrblib/mrblib.c* to *build/host/mrblib/mrblib.o*
 * create *build/host/lib/libmruby.a* out of all object files (C and Ruby)
-* create ```build/host/bin/mruby``` by compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby/tools/mruby/mruby.c* and
+* create `build/host/bin/mruby` by compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby/tools/mruby/mruby.c* and
 linking with *build/host/lib/libmruby.a*
-* create ```build/host/bin/mirb``` by compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mirb/tools/mirb/mirb.c* and
+* create `build/host/bin/mirb` by compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mirb/tools/mirb/mirb.c* and
 linking with *build/host/lib/libmruby.a*
 
 ```
@@ -409,26 +474,27 @@ like this:
 
 An extra directory is created for the target platform. In case you
 compile for *i386* a directory called *i386* is created under the
-build direcotry.
+build directory.
 
 The cross compilation workflow starts in the same way as the normal
 compilation by compiling all *native* libraries and binaries.
 Afterwards the cross compilation process proceeds like this:
+
 * cross-compile all files under *src* (object files will be stored
 in *build/i386/src*)
 * generate parser grammar out of *src/parse.y* (generated
 result will be stored in *build/i386/src/y.tab.c*)
 * cross-compile *build/i386/src/y.tab.c* to *build/i386/src/y.tab.o*
 * create *build/i386/mrblib/mrblib.c* by compiling all \*.rb files
-under *mrblib* with the native ```build/host/bin/mrbc```
+under *mrblib* with the native `build/host/bin/mrbc`
 * cross-compile *build/host/mrblib/mrblib.c* to *build/host/mrblib/mrblib.o*
 * create *build/i386/lib/libmruby.a* out of all object files (C and Ruby)
-* create ```build/i386/bin/mruby``` by cross-compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby/tools/mruby/mruby.c* and
+* create `build/i386/bin/mruby` by cross-compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby/tools/mruby/mruby.c* and
 linking with *build/i386/lib/libmruby.a*
-* create ```build/i386/bin/mirb``` by cross-compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mirb/tools/mirb/mirb.c* and
+* create `build/i386/bin/mirb` by cross-compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mirb/tools/mirb/mirb.c* and
 linking with *build/i386/lib/libmruby.a*
 * create *build/i386/lib/libmruby_core.a* out of all object files (C only)
-* create ```build/i386/bin/mrbc``` by cross-compiling *tools/mrbc/mrbc.c* and
+* create `build/i386/bin/mrbc` by cross-compiling *tools/mrbc/mrbc.c* and
 linking with *build/i386/lib/libmruby_core.a*
 
 ```
@@ -456,26 +522,60 @@ linking with *build/i386/lib/libmruby_core.a*
 ### Minimal Library
 
 To build a minimal mruby library you need to use the Cross Compiling
-feature due to the reason that there are functions (i.e. stdio) which
+feature due to the reason that there are functions (e.g. stdio) which
 can't be disabled for the main build.
 
 ```ruby
 MRuby::CrossBuild.new('Minimal') do |conf|
   toolchain :gcc
 
-  conf.cc.defines = %w(DISABLE_STDIO)
+  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_NO_STDIO)
   conf.bins = []
 end
 ```
 
 This configuration defines a cross compile build called 'Minimal' which
 is using the GCC and compiles for the host machine. It also disables
-all usages of stdio and doesn't compile any binaries (i.e. mrbc).
+all usages of stdio and doesn't compile any binaries (e.g. mrbc).
 
 ## Test Environment
 
 mruby's build process includes a test environment. In case you start the testing
-of mruby, a native binary called ```mrbtest``` will be generated and executed.
+of mruby, a native binary called `mrbtest` will be generated and executed.
 This binary contains all test cases which are defined under *test/t*. In case
 of a cross-compilation an additional cross-compiled *mrbtest* binary is
 generated. You can copy this binary and run on your target system.
+
+## Embedding `mruby` in Your Application
+
+After the build, you will get `libmruby.a`. You can link it to your application.
+
+For compiler options and library path, you can use `mruby-config` command for
+convenience. `mruby-config` command prints the configuration used for `libmruby.a`.
+
+```
+$ mruby-config --help
+Usage: mruby-config [switches]
+  switches:
+  --cflags                    print flags passed to compiler
+  --ldflags                   print flags passed to linker
+  --ldflags-before-libs       print flags passed to linker before linked libraries
+  --libs                      print linked libraries
+  --libmruby-path             print libmruby path
+```
+
+For example, when you have a C source file (`c.c`) and try to
+compile and link it with `libmruby.a`, you can run the following command,
+
+```
+gcc `mruby-config --cflags` c.c `mruby-config --ldflags` `mruby-config --libs`
+```
+
+When you use `make`, add following lines in `Makefile`
+
+```
+MRB_CONFIG = <path-to-mruby-config>
+CFLAGS = `$(MRB_CONFIG) --cflags`
+LDFLAGS = `$(MRB_CONFIG) --ldflags`
+LIBS = `$(MRB_CONFIG) --libs`
+```

doc/guides/debugger.md

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+# How to Use the mruby Debugger
+
+copyright (c) 2014 Specified Non-Profit Corporation mruby Forum
+
+## 1. Summary
+
+This file documents the mruby debugger ('mrdb') methods.
+
+## 2 Debugging with mrdb
+
+## 2.1 Building mrdb
+
+The trunk of the mruby source tree, with the most recent mrdb, can be checked out with the following command:
+
+```bash
+$ git clone https://github.com/mruby/mruby.git
+```
+
+To run the `make` command:
+
+```bash
+$ cd mruby
+$ make
+```
+
+By default, the `make` command will install the debugger files into mruby/bin.
+
+You can add the path for mrdb on your host environment with the following command:
+
+```bash
+$ echo "export PATH=\$PATH:MRUBY_ROOT/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
+$ source ~/.bashrc
+```
+
+`*MRUBY_ROOT` is the directory in which mruby source code will be installed.
+
+To confirm mrdb was installed properly, run mrdb with the `--version` option:
+
+```bash
+$ mrdb --version
+mruby 2.1.2 (2020-08-06)
+```
+
+## 2.2 Basic Operation
+
+### 2.2.1 Debugging mruby Script Files (rb file) with mrdb
+
+To invoke the mruby debugger, just type `mrdb`.
+
+To specify the script file:
+
+```bash
+$ mrdb [option] file name
+```
+
+For example: Debugging sample.rb
+
+```bash
+$ mrdb sample.rb
+```
+
+You can execute the shell commands listed below:
+
+|command|description|
+|:-:|:--|
+|run|execute programs|
+|step|execute stepping|
+|continue|execute continuing program|
+|break|configure the breaking point|
+|delete|deleting the breaking points|
+|disable|disabling the breaking points|
+|enable|enabling the breaking points|
+|info breakpoints|showing list of the breaking points|
+|print|evaluating and printing the values of the mruby expressions in the script|
+|list|displaying the source cords|
+|help|showing help|
+|quit|terminating the mruby debugger|
+
+### 2.2.2 Debugging mruby Binary Files (mrb file) with mrdb
+
+You can debug the mruby binary files.
+
+#### 2.2.2.1 Debugging the binary files
+
+* notice
+To debug mruby binary files, you need to compile mruby files with option `-g`.
+
+```bash
+$ mrbc -g sample.rb
+```
+
+You can debug the mruby binary files with following command and the option `-b`.
+
+```bash
+$ mrdb -b sample.mrb
+```
+
+Then you can execute all debugger shell commands.
+
+#### Break Command
+
+You can use any breakpoint to stop the program by specifying the line number and method name.
+The breakpoint list will be displayed after you have set the breakpoint successfully.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+break [file:]linenum
+b [file:]linenum
+break [class:]method
+b [class:]method
+```
+
+The breakpoint will be ordered in serial from 1.
+The number, which was given to the deleted breakpoint, will never be given to another breakpoint again.
+
+You can give multiple breakpoints to specified the line number and method.
+Be ware that breakpoint command will not check the validity of the class name and method name.
+
+You can get the current breakpoint information by the following options.
+
+breakpoint breakpoint number : file name. line number
+
+breakpoint breakpoint number : [class name,] method name
+
+#### Continue Command
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+continue [N]
+c [N]
+```
+
+N: the next breakpoint number
+
+When resuming the program, it will stop at breakpoint N (N-1 breakpoint will be ignored).
+
+When you run the `continue` command without specifying N, the program will be stopped at the next breakpoint.
+
+Example:
+
+```
+(foo.rb:1) continue 3
+```
+
+This will resume the program and stop it at the third breakpoint.
+
+#### Delete Command
+
+This will delete the specified breakpoint.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+delete [breakpoint-no]
+d [breakpoint-no]
+```
+
+breakpoint-no: breakpoint number
+
+Example:
+
+```
+(foo.rb:1) delete
+```
+
+This will delete all of the breakpoints.
+
+```
+(foo.rb:1) delete 1 3
+```
+
+This will delete the breakpoint at 1 and 3.
+
+#### Disable Command
+
+This will disable the specified breakpoint.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+disable [breakpoint-no]
+dis [breakpoint-no]
+```
+
+reappointing: breakpoint number
+
+Example:
+
+```
+(foo.rb:1) disable
+```
+
+Use `disable` if you would like to disable all of the breakpoints.
+
+```
+(foo.rb:1) disable 1 3
+```
+
+This will disable the breakpoints at 1 and 3.
+
+#### Enable Command
+
+This will enable the specified breakpoints.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+enable [breakpoint-no]
+e [breakpoint-no]
+```
+
+breakpoint-no: breakpoint number
+
+Example:
+
+```
+(foo.rb:1) enable
+```
+
+Enabling all breakpoints
+
+```
+(foo.rb:1) enable 1 3
+```
+
+Enabling the breakpoint 1 and 3
+
+#### eval command
+
+Evaluating the string as source code and printing the value.
+
+Same as print command, please see print command.
+
+#### help command
+
+Displaying the help message.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+help [command]
+h [command]
+```
+
+Typing `help` without any options will display the command list.
+
+#### Info Breakpoints Command
+
+Displaying the specified breakpoint information.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+info breakpoints [breakpoint-no]
+i b [breakpoint-no]
+```
+
+breakpoint-no: breakpoint number
+
+Typing "info breakpoints" without ant option will display all breakpoint information.
+Example:
+
+```
+(sample.rb:1) info breakpoints
+Num     Type           Enb What
+1       breakpoint     y   at sample.rb:3                      -> file name,line number
+2       breakpoint     n   in Sample_class:sample_class_method -> [class:]method name
+3       breakpoint     y   in sample_global_method
+```
+
+Displaying the specified breakpoint number:
+
+```
+(foo.rb:1) info breakpoints 1 3
+Num     Type           Enb What
+1       breakpoint     y   at sample.rb:3
+3       breakpoint     y   in sample_global_method
+```
+
+#### List Command
+
+To display the code of the source file.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+list [filename:]first[,last]
+l [filename]:first[,last]
+```
+
+first: the opening row number
+last : the closing row number
+
+When you specify the `first`, but not the `last` option, you will receive 10 rows.
+When you do not specify both the `first` and `last` options, you will receive the next 10 rows.
+
+Example:
+
+```
+Specifying file name and first row number
+sample.rb:1) list sample2.rb:5
+```
+
+Specifying the file name and the first and last row number:
+
+```
+(sample.rb:1) list sample2.rb:6,7
+```
+
+#### Print Command
+
+Evaluating the string as source code and printing the value.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+print [expr]
+p [expr]
+```
+
+expr: expression
+
+The expression is mandatory.
+The displayed expressions will be serially ordered from 1.
+If an exception occurs, the exception information will be displayed and the debugging will be continued.
+
+Example:
+
+```
+(sample.rb:1) print 1+2
+$1 = 3
+(sample.rb:1) print self
+$2 = main
+```
+
+Below is the case of the exception:
+
+```
+(sample.rb:1) print (1+2
+$1 =  SyntaxError: line 1: syntax error, unexpected $end, expecting ')'
+```
+
+#### Quit Command
+
+Quitting the debugger.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+quit
+q
+```
+
+#### Run Command
+
+Running the program and stopping at the first breakpoint.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+run
+r
+```
+
+#### Step Command
+
+This will run the program step by step.
+When the method and the block are invoked, the program will be stop at the first row.
+The program, which is developed in C, will be ignored.

doc/guides/gc-arena-howto.md

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+# How to use `mrb_gc_arena_save()`/`mrb_gc_arena_restore()`/`mrb_gc_protect()`
+
+_This is an English translation of [Matz's blog post][matz blog post]
+written in Japanese._
+_Some parts are updated to reflect recent changes._
+[matz blog post]: https://www.rubyist.net/~matz/20130731.html
+
+When you are extending mruby using C language, you may encounter
+mysterious "arena overflow error" or memory leak or very slow
+execution speed.  This is an error indicating overflow of "GC arena"
+implementing "conservative GC".
+
+GC (garbage collector) must ensure that object is "alive", in other
+words, that it is referenced by somewhere from program.  This can be
+determined by checking if the object can be directly or indirectly
+referenced by root.  The local variables, global variables and
+constants etc are root.
+
+If program execution is performed inside mruby VM, there is nothing to
+worry about because GC can access all roots owned by VM.
+
+The problem arises when executing C functions.  The object referenced
+by C variable is also "alive", but mruby GC cannot aware of this, so
+it might mistakenly recognize the objects referenced by only C
+variables as dead.
+
+This can be a fatal bug if the GC tries to collect a live object.
+
+In CRuby, we scan C stack area, and use C variable as root to check
+whether object is alive or not.  Of course, because we are accessing C
+stack just as memory region, we never know it is an integer or a
+pointer.  We workaround this by assuming that if it looks like a
+pointer, then assume it as a pointer.  We call it "conservative".
+
+By the way, CRuby's "conservative GC" has some problems.
+
+The biggest problem is we have no way to access to the stack area in
+portable way.  Therefore, we cannot use this method if we'd like to
+implement highly portable runtime, like mruby.
+
+So we came up with an another plan to implement "conservative GC" in mruby.
+
+Again, the problem is when an object which was created in C function, becomes
+no longer referenced in the Ruby world, and cannot be treated as garbage.
+
+In mruby, we recognize all objects created in C function are alive.
+Then we have no problem such as confusing a live object as dead.
+
+This means that because we cannot collect truly dead object, we may
+lose efficiency, but as a trade-off the GC itself is highly portable.
+We can say goodbye to the problem that GC deletes live objects due to
+optimization which sometimes occurs in CRuby.
+
+According to this idea, we have a table, called "GC arena", which
+remembers objects created in C function.
+
+The arena is stack structure, when C function execution is returned to mruby
+VM, all objects registered in the arena are popped.
+
+This works very well, but can cause another problem: "arena overflow error" or
+memory leak.
+
+As of this writing, mruby automatically extend arena to remember
+objects (See `MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA` and `MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE` in
+doc/guides/mrbconf.md).
+
+If you create many objects in C functions, memory usage will increase, since
+GC never kick in.  This memory usage may look like memory leak, but will also
+make execution slower as more memory will need to be allocated.
+
+With the build time configuration, you can limit the maximum size of
+arena (e.g., 100).  Then if you create many objects, arena overflows,
+thus you will get an "arena overflow error".
+
+To workaround these problems, we have `mrb_gc_arena_save()` and
+`mrb_gc_arena_restore()` functions.
+
+`int mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb)` returns the current position of the stack
+top of GC arena, and `void mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, idx)` sets the
+stack top position to back to given `idx`.
+
+We can use them like this:
+
+```c
+int arena_idx = mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb);
+
+// ...create objects...
+mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, arena_idx);
+
+```
+
+In mruby, C function calls are surrounded by this save/restore, but we
+can further optimize memory usage by surrounding save/restore, and can
+avoid creating arena overflow bugs.
+
+Let's take a real example.  Here is the source code of `Array#inspect`:
+
+```c
+static mrb_value
+inspect_ary(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_value list)
+{
+  mrb_int i;
+  mrb_value s, arystr;
+  char head[] = { '[' };
+  char sep[] = { ',', ' ' };
+  char tail[] = { ']' };
+
+  /* check recursive */
+  for(i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(list); i++) {
+    if (mrb_obj_equal(mrb, ary, RARRAY_PTR(list)[i])) {
+      return mrb_str_new(mrb, "[...]", 5);
+    }
+  }
+
+  mrb_ary_push(mrb, list, ary);
+
+  arystr = mrb_str_new_capa(mrb, 64);
+  mrb_str_cat(mrb, arystr, head, sizeof(head));
+
+  for(i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+    int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb);
+
+    if (i > 0) {
+      mrb_str_cat(mrb, arystr, sep, sizeof(sep));
+    }
+    if (mrb_array_p(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i])) {
+      s = inspect_ary(mrb, RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i], list);
+    }
+    else {
+      s = mrb_inspect(mrb, RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]);
+    }
+    mrb_str_cat(mrb, arystr, RSTRING_PTR(s), RSTRING_LEN(s));
+    mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+  }
+
+  mrb_str_cat(mrb, arystr, tail, sizeof(tail));
+  mrb_ary_pop(mrb, list);
+
+  return arystr;
+}
+```
+
+This is a real example, so a little bit complicated, but bear with me.
+The essence of `Array#inspect` is that after stringifying each element
+of array using `inspect` method, we join them together so that we can
+get `inspect` representation of the entire array.
+
+After the `inspect` representation is created, we no longer require the
+individual string representation.  This means that we don't have to register
+these temporal objects into GC arena.
+
+Therefore, in order to keep the arena size small; the `ary_inspect()` function
+will do the following:
+
+* save the position of the stack top using `mrb_gc_arena_save()`.
+* get `inspect` representation of each element.
+* append it to the constructing entire `inspect` representation of array.
+* restore stack top position using `mrb_gc_arena_restore()`.
+
+Please note that the final `inspect` representation of entire array
+was created before the call of `mrb_gc_arena_restore()`.  Otherwise,
+required temporal object may be deleted by GC.
+
+We may have a usecase where after creating many temporal objects, we'd
+like to keep some of them.  In this case, we cannot use the same idea
+in `ary_inspect()` like appending objects to existing one.
+Instead, after `mrb_gc_arena_restore()`, we must re-register the objects we
+want to keep in the arena using `mrb_gc_protect(mrb, obj)`.
+Use `mrb_gc_protect()` with caution because it could also lead to an "arena
+overflow error".
+
+We must also mention that when `mrb_funcall` is called in top level, the return
+value is also registered to GC arena, so repeated use of `mrb_funcall` may
+eventually lead to an "arena overflow error".
+
+Use `mrb_gc_arena_save()` and `mrb_gc_arena_restore()` or possible use of
+`mrb_gc_protect()` to workaround this.

doc/guides/mrbconf.md

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 # mruby configuration macros.
 
 ## How to use these macros.
+
 You can use mrbconfs with following ways:
+
 * Write them in `mrbconf.h`.
- * Using compiler flags is prefered  when building a cross binaries or multiple mruby binaries
+ * Using compiler flags is preferred  when building a cross binaries or multiple mruby binaries
  since it's easier to use different mrbconf per each `MRuby::Build`.
  * Most flags can be enabled by just commenting in.
 * Pass them as compiler flags.
@@ -11,11 +13,9 @@ You can use mrbconfs with following ways:
  changes `struct` layout and cause memory access error when C and other language(e.g., C++) is mixed.
 
 ## stdio setting.
-`ENABLE_STDIO`
-* Will be defined automatically if `DISABLE_STDIO` isn't defined.
-* Uses `<stdio.h>` functions.
 
-`DISABLE_STDIO`
+`MRB_NO_STDIO`
+
 * When defined `<stdio.h>` functions won't be used.
 * Some features will be disabled when this is enabled:
   * `mrb_irep` load/dump from/to file.
@@ -23,81 +23,97 @@ You can use mrbconfs with following ways:
   * Printing features in **src/print.c**.
 
 ## Debug macros.
-`ENABLE_DEBUG`
+
+`MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK`
+
 * When defined code fetch hook and debug OP hook will be enabled.
 * When using any of the hook set function pointer `code_fetch_hook` and/or `debug_op_hook` of `mrb_state`.
 * Fetch hook will be called before any OP.
 * Debug OP hook will be called when dispatching `OP_DEBUG`.
 
-`DISABLE_DEBUG`
-* Will be define automatically if `ENABLE_DEBUG` isn't defined.
-
 `MRB_DEBUG`
+
 * When defined `mrb_assert*` macro will be defined with macros from `<assert.h>`.
 * Could be enabled via `enable_debug` method of `MRuby::Build`.
 
 ## Stack configuration
 
 `MRB_STACK_EXTEND_DOUBLING`
+
 * If defined doubles the stack size when extending it.
 * Else extends stack with `MRB_STACK_GROWTH`.
 
 `MRB_STACK_GROWTH`
+
 * Default value is `128`.
 * Used in stack extending.
 * Ignored when `MRB_STACK_EXTEND_DOUBLING` is defined.
 
 `MRB_STACK_MAX`
+
 * Default value is `0x40000 - MRB_STACK_GROWTH`.
 * Raises `RuntimeError` when stack size exceeds this value.
 
 ## Primitive type configuration.
 
-`MRB_USE_FLOAT`
-* When defined single precision floating point type(C type `float`) is used as `mrb_float`.
-* Else double precision floating point type(C type `double`) is used as `mrb_float`.
+`MRB_USE_FLOAT32`
 
-`MRB_INT16`
-* When defined `int16_t` will be defined as `mrb_int`.
+* When defined single precision floating point type(C type `float`) is used as `mrb_float`.
+* Otherwise double precision floating point type(C type `double`) is used as `mrb_float`.
+
+`MRB_NO_FLOAT`
+
+* When defined removes floating point numbers from mruby.
+* It makes mruby easier to handle in "Microcontroller without FPU" and "Kernel Space".
+
+`MRB_INT32`
+
+* When defined, or `MRB_INT64` are not defined on 32-bit CPU mode, `mrb_int` will be defined as `int32_t`.
 * Conflicts with `MRB_INT64`.
 
 `MRB_INT64`
-* When defined `int64_t` will be defined as `mrb_int`.
-* Conflicts with `MRB_INT16`.
-* When `MRB_INT16` or `MRB_INT64` isn't defined `int`(most of the times 32-bit integer)
-will be defined as `mrb_int`.
+
+* When defined, or `MRB_INT32` are not defined on 64-bit CPU mode, `mrb_int` will be defined as `int64_t`.
+* Conflicts with `MRB_INT32`.
 
 ## Garbage collector configuration.
 
 `MRB_GC_STRESS`
+
 * When defined full GC is emitted per each `RBasic` allocation.
 * Mainly used in memory manager debugging.
 
 `MRB_GC_TURN_OFF_GENERATIONAL`
+
 * When defined turns generational GC by default.
 
 `MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA`
+
 * When defined used fixed size GC arena.
 * Raises `RuntimeError` when this is defined and GC arena size exceeds `MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE`.
 * Useful tracking unnecessary mruby object allocation.
 
 `MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE`
+
 * Default value is `100`.
 * Ignored when `MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA` isn't defined.
 * Defines fixed GC arena size.
 
 `MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE`
+
 * Defines value is `1024`.
 * Specifies number of `RBasic` per each heap page.
 
 ## Memory pool configuration.
 
 `POOL_ALIGNMENT`
+
 * Default value is `4`.
 * If you're allocating data types that requires alignment more than default value define the
 largest value of required alignment.
 
 `POOL_PAGE_SIZE`
+
 * Default value is `16000`.
 * Specifies page size of pool page.
 * Smaller the value is increases memory overhead.
@@ -105,56 +121,88 @@ largest value of required alignment.
 ## State atexit configuration.
 
 `MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK`
+
 * If defined enables fixed size `mrb_state` atexit stack.
 * Raises `RuntimeError` when `mrb_state_atexit` call count to same `mrb_state` exceeds
 `MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK_SIZE`'s value.
 
 `MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK_SIZE`
+
 * Default value is `5`.
 * If `MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK` isn't defined this macro is ignored.
 
 ## `mrb_value` configuration.
 
 `MRB_ENDIAN_BIG`
+
 * If defined compiles mruby for big endian machines.
 * Used in `MRB_NAN_BOXING`.
 * Some mrbgem use this mrbconf.
 
 `MRB_NAN_BOXING`
+
 * If defined represent `mrb_value` in boxed `double`.
-* Conflicts with `MRB_USE_FLOAT`.
+* Conflicts with `MRB_USE_FLOAT32` and `MRB_NO_FLOAT`.
 
 `MRB_WORD_BOXING`
+
 * If defined represent `mrb_value` as a word.
 * If defined `Float` will be a mruby object with `RBasic`.
 
-## Instance variable configuration.
-`MRB_USE_IV_SEGLIST`
-* If defined enable segmented list in instance variable table instead of khash.
-* Segmented list is a linked list of key and value segments.
-* It will linear search instead of hash search.
+## Reduce heap memory configuration.
 
-`MRB_SEGMENT_SIZE`
-* Default value is `4`.
-* Specifies size of each segment in segment list.
-* Ignored when `MRB_USE_IV_SEGLIST` isn't defined.
+`MRB_USE_LINK_TIME_RO_DATA_P`
 
-`MRB_IVHASH_INIT_SIZE`
-* Default value is `8`.
-* Specifies initial size for instance variable table.
-* Ignored when `MRB_USE_IV_SEGLIST` is defined.
+* Only available on ELF platforms.
+* If you specify the address of a read-only section when creating a symbol or string, that string will be used as it is.
+* Heap memory can be saved.
+* Uses `__ehdr_start` and `__init_array_start`.
+* It must be `__ehdr_start < data_addr < __init_array_start`.
+
+`MRB_USE_CUSTOM_RO_DATA_P`
+
+* Takes precedence over `MRB_USE_LINK_TIME_RO_DATA_P`.
+* Please try if `MRB_USE_LINK_TIME_RO_DATA_P` is not available.
+* The `mrb_ro_data_p()` function is implemented by the user in an arbitrary file.
+* The prototype declaration is `mrb_bool mrb_ro_data_p(const char *ptr)`.
+* Return `TRUE` if `ptr` is in read-only section, otherwise return `FALSE`.
 
 ## Other configuration.
+
+`MRB_UTF8_STRING`
+
+* Adds UTF-8 encoding support to character-oriented String instance methods.
+* If it isn't defined, they only support the US-ASCII encoding.
+
 `MRB_FUNCALL_ARGC_MAX`
+
 * Default value is `16`.
 * Specifies 4th argument(`argc`) max value of `mrb_funcall`.
 * Raises `ArgumentError` when the `argc` argument is bigger then this value `mrb_funcall`.
 
 `KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE`
+
 * Default value is `32`.
 * Specifies default size of khash table bucket.
 * Used in `kh_init_ ## name` function.
 
-`MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE`
-* Default value is `128`.
-* Specifies initial capacity of `RString` created by `mrb_str_buf_new` function..
+`MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE`
+
+* Disable method cache to save memory.
+
+`MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE`
+
+* Default value is `256`.
+* Ignored if `MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE` is defined.
+* Need to be the power of 2.
+
+`MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT`
+
+* Use C struct to represent `mrb_method_t`
+* No `MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT` requires highest 2 bits of function pointers to be zero
+* Define this macro on machines that use higher bits of pointers
+
+`MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS`
+
+* Make it available `Symbol.all_symbols` in `mrbgems/mruby-symbol-ext`
+* Increase heap memory usage.

doc/guides/mrbgems.md

@@ -5,29 +5,57 @@ standardised way into mruby.
 
 ## Usage
 
-By default mrbgems is currently deactivated. As soon as you add a GEM to your
-build configuration (i.e. *build_config.rb*), mrbgems will be activated and the
-extension integrated.
+You have to activate mrbgems explicitly in your build configuration.  To add
+a GEM, add the following line to your build configuration file, for example:
 
-To add a GEM into the *build_config.rb* add the following line for example:
 ```ruby
 conf.gem '/path/to/your/gem/dir'
 ```
 
-You can also use a relative path which would be relative from the mruby root:
+You can also use a relative path to specify a gem.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example'
 ```
 
+In that case,
+
+* if your build configuration file is in the `build_config` directory, it's
+  relative from `MRUBY_ROOT`.
+* otherwise, it is relative from the directory where your build configuration is.
+
 A remote GIT repository location for a GEM is also supported:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gem :git => 'https://github.com/masuidrive/mrbgems-example.git', :branch => 'master'
 conf.gem :github => 'masuidrive/mrbgems-example', :branch => 'master'
 conf.gem :bitbucket => 'mruby/mrbgems-example', :branch => 'master'
 ```
 
-To pull all gems from remote GIT repository on build, call ```./minirake -p```,
-or ```./minirake --pull-gems```.
+You can specify the sub directory of the repository with `:path` option:
+
+```ruby
+conf.gem github: 'mruby/mruby', path: 'mrbgems/mruby-socket'
+```
+
+To use mrbgem from [mgem-list](https://github.com/mruby/mgem-list) use `:mgem` option:
+
+```ruby
+conf.gem :mgem => 'mruby-yaml'
+conf.gem :mgem => 'yaml' # 'mruby-' prefix could be omitted
+```
+
+For specifying commit hash to checkout use `:checksum_hash` option:
+
+```ruby
+conf.gem mgem: 'mruby-redis', checksum_hash: '3446d19fc4a3f9697b5ddbf2a904f301c42f2f4e'
+```
+
+If there is missing dependencies, mrbgem dependencies solver will reference
+mrbgem from core or mgem-list.
+
+To pull all gems from remote GIT repository on build, call ```rake -p```,
+or ```rake --pull-gems```.
 
 NOTE: `:bitbucket` option supports only git. Hg is unsupported in this version.
 
@@ -35,13 +63,14 @@ NOTE: `:bitbucket` option supports only git. Hg is unsupported in this version.
 
 There are instances when you wish to add a collection of mrbgems into mruby at
 once, or be able to substitute mrbgems based on configuration, without having to
-add each gem to the *build_config.rb* file.  A packaged collection of mrbgems
+add each gem to your build configuration file.  A packaged collection of mrbgems
 is called a GemBox.  A GemBox is a file that contains a list of mrbgems to load
-into mruby, in the same format as if you were adding them to *build_config.rb*
+into mruby, in the same format as if you were adding them to the build config
 via `config.gem`, but wrapped in an `MRuby::GemBox` object.  GemBoxes are
 loaded into mruby via `config.gembox 'boxname'`.
 
 Below we have created a GemBox containing *mruby-time* and *mrbgems-example*:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::GemBox.new do |conf|
   conf.gem "#{root}/mrbgems/mruby-time"
@@ -54,16 +83,19 @@ must be saved with a *.gembox* extension inside the *mrbgems* directory to to be
 picked up by mruby.
 
 To use this example GemBox, we save it as `custom.gembox` inside the *mrbgems*
-directory in mruby, and add the following to our *build_config.rb* file inside
+directory in mruby, and add the following to your build configuration file inside
 the build block:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gembox 'custom'
 ```
+
 This will cause the *custom* GemBox to be read in during the build process,
 adding *mruby-time* and *mrbgems-example* to the build.
 
 If you want, you can put GemBox outside of mruby directory. In that case you must
 specify an absolute path like below.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gembox "#{ENV["HOME"]}/mygemboxes/custom"
 ```
@@ -101,6 +133,7 @@ to compile C and Ruby files. *README.md* is a short description of your GEM.
 
 mrbgems expects a specification file called *mrbgem.rake* inside of your
 GEM directory. A typical GEM specification could look like this for example:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('c_and_ruby_extension_example') do |spec|
   spec.license = 'MIT'
@@ -130,6 +163,7 @@ The `license` and `author` properties are required in every GEM!
 
 In case your GEM is depending on other GEMs please use
 `spec.add_dependency(gem, *requirements[, default_get_info])` like:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('c_and_ruby_extension_example') do |spec|
   spec.license = 'MIT'
@@ -139,17 +173,21 @@ MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('c_and_ruby_extension_example') do |spec|
   # The version must be between 1.0.0 and 1.5.2 .
   spec.add_dependency('mruby-parser', '>= 1.0.0', '<= 1.5.2')
 
-  # Use any version of mruby-uv from github.
+  # Use any version of mruby-uv from GitHub.
   spec.add_dependency('mruby-uv', '>= 0.0.0', :github => 'mattn/mruby-uv')
 
-  # Use latest mruby-onig-regexp from github. (version requirements can be ignored)
+  # Use latest mruby-onig-regexp from GitHub. (version requirements can be omitted)
   spec.add_dependency('mruby-onig-regexp', :github => 'mattn/mruby-onig-regexp')
+
+  # You can add extra mgems active only on test
+  spec.add_test_dependency('mruby-process', :github => 'iij/mruby-process')
 end
 ```
 
 The version requirements and default gem information are optional.
 
 Version requirement supports following operators:
+
 * '=': is equal
 * '!=': is not equal
 * '>': is greater
@@ -162,18 +200,20 @@ Version requirement supports following operators:
 
 When more than one version requirements is passed, the dependency must satisfy all of it.
 
-You can have default gem to use as depedency when it's not defined in *build_config.rb*.
+You can have default gem to use as dependency when it's not defined in your build configuration.
 When the last argument of `add_dependency` call is `Hash`, it will be treated as default gem information.
 Its format is same as argument of method `MRuby::Build#gem`, expect that it can't be treated as path gem location.
 
-When a special version of depedency is required,
-use `MRuby::Build#gem` in *build_config.rb* to override default gem.
+When a special version of dependency is required,
+use `MRuby::Build#gem` in the build configuration to override default gem.
 
 If you have conflicting GEMs use the following method:
+
 * `spec.add_conflict(gem, *requirements)`
     * The `requirements` argument is same as in `add_dependency` method.
 
 like following code:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::Gem::Specification.new 'some-regexp-binding' do |spec|
   spec.license = 'BSD'
@@ -189,18 +229,22 @@ end
 In case your GEM has more complex build requirements you can use
 the following options additionally inside of your GEM specification:
 
-* `spec.cflags` (C compiler flags)
-* `spec.mruby_cflags` (global C compiler flags for everything)
-* `spec.mruby_ldflags` (global linker flags for everything)
-* `spec.mruby_libs` (global libraries for everything)
-* `spec.mruby_includes` (global includes for everything)
+* `spec.cc.flags` (C compiler flags)
+* `spec.cc.defines` (C compiler defines)
+* `spec.cc.include_paths` (C compiler include paths)
+* `spec.linker.flags` (Linker flags)
+* `spec.linker.libraries` (Linker libraries)
+* `spec.linker.library_paths` (Linker additional library path)
+* `spec.bins` (Generate binary file)
 * `spec.rbfiles` (Ruby files to compile)
 * `spec.objs` (Object files to compile)
 * `spec.test_rbfiles` (Ruby test files for integration into mrbtest)
 * `spec.test_objs` (Object test files for integration into mrbtest)
 * `spec.test_preload` (Initialization files for mrbtest)
 
-### include_paths and depencency
+You also can use `spec.mruby.cc` and `spec.mruby.linker` to add extra global parameters for compiler and linker.
+
+### include_paths and dependency
 
 Your GEM can export include paths to another GEMs that depends on your GEM.
 By default, `/...absolute path.../{GEM_NAME}/include` will be exported.
@@ -209,10 +253,9 @@ So it is recommended not to put GEM's local header files on include/.
 These exports are retroactive.
 For example: when B depends to C and A depends to B, A will get include paths exported by C.
 
-Exported include_paths are automatically appended to GEM local include_paths by Minirake.
+Exported include_paths are automatically appended to GEM local include_paths by rake.
 You can use `spec.export_include_paths` accessor if you want more complex build.
 
-
 ## C Extension
 
 mruby can be extended with C. This is possible by using the C API to
@@ -224,6 +267,7 @@ mrbgems expects that you have implemented a C method called
 `mrb_YOURGEMNAME_gem_init(mrb_state)`. `YOURGEMNAME` will be replaced
 by the name of your GEM. If you call your GEM *c_extension_example*, your
 initialisation method could look like this:
+
 ```C
 void
 mrb_c_extension_example_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb) {
@@ -268,7 +312,6 @@ mruby can be extended with pure Ruby. It is possible to override existing
 classes or add new ones in this way. Put all Ruby files into the *mrblib*
 folder.
 
-
 ### Pre-Conditions
 
 none

doc/guides/symbol.md

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# Symbols
+
+Symbols in `mruby` C source code is represented by `mrb_sym` which is alias of
+`uint32_t`.  Lower 30 bits are used for symbols so that higher 2 bits can be
+used as flags, e.g. `struct mt_elem` in `class.c`.
+
+```C
+struct mt_elem {
+  union mt_ptr ptr;
+  size_t func_p:1;
+  size_t noarg_p:1;
+  mrb_sym key:sizeof(mrb_sym)*8-2;
+};
+```
+
+## C API
+
+We provide following C API for symbols.
+
+### Generate Symbols
+
+#### `mrb_sym mrb_intern(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t)`
+
+Get a symbol from a string.
+
+#### `mrb_sym mrb_intern_check_cstr(mrb_state*,const char*)`
+
+Get a symbol from a NULL terminated (C) string.
+
+#### `mrb_sym mrb_intern_str(mrb_state*,mrb_value)`
+
+Get a symbol from a Ruby string object.
+
+#### `mrb_intern_lit(mrb_state*,const char*)`
+
+Get a symbol from a C string literal. The second argument should be a C string
+literal, otherwise you will get a compilation error. It does not copy C string
+given the fact it's a literal.
+
+#### `mrb_sym mrb_intern_check(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t)`
+
+Get a symbol from a string if the string has been already registered as a
+symbol, otherwise return `0`. We also provide variants `mrb_intern_check_str()`
+(from Ruby string) and `mrb_intern_check_cstr()` (from C string).
+
+#### `const char *mrb_sym_name(mrb_state*,mrb_sym)`
+
+Get a string representation of a symbol as a C string.
+
+#### `const char *mrb_sym_name_len(mrb_state*,mrb_sym,mrb_int*)`
+
+Get a string representation of a symbol, and its length.
+
+## Preallocate Symbols
+
+To save RAM, `mruby` can use compile-time allocation of some symbols. You can
+use following macros to get preallocated symbols by including `mruby/presym.h`
+header.
+
+ * `MRB_SYM(xor)`    //=> xor    (Word characters)
+ * `MRB_SYM_B(xor)`  //=> xor!   (Method with Bang)
+ * `MRB_SYM_Q(xor)`  //=> xor?   (Method with Question mark)
+ * `MRB_SYM_E(xor)`  //=> xor=   (Method with Equal)
+ * `MRB_CVSYM(xor)`  //=> @@xor  (Class Variable)
+ * `MRB_IVSYM(xor)`  //=> @xor   (Instance Variable)
+ * `MRB_OPSYM(xor)`  //=> ^      (Operator)
+
+For `MRB_OPSYM()`, specify the names corresponding to operators (see
+`MRuby::Presym::OPERATORS` in `lib/mruby/presym.rb` for the names that
+can be specified for it). Other than that, describe only word characters
+excluding leading and ending punctuations.
+
+These macros are converted to static symbol IDs at compile time, unless
+preallocate symbols are disabled by  `conf.disable_presym`. In that case,
+these macros are expanded to `mrb_intern_lit` calls, therefore the mruby state
+variable is required. The above macros assume the variable name is `mrb`.  If
+its name is not `mrb`, you need to use macros with `_2` suffix, such as
+`MRB_SYM_2` to specify `mrb_state*` variable.
+
+### Disabling Preallocated Symbols
+
+You can disable preallocated symbols by specifying `conf.disable_presym` in the
+configuration file.

doc/language/README.md

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-# Language
-
-mruby is an implementation of the Ruby programming language.
-These documents are describing the language features and libraries
-which are provided together with mruby.
-
-## Built-In Class and Modules
-
-see *doc/language/Core.md*

doc/language/generator.rb

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-
-require 'pty'
-
-c_dir = File.dirname(__FILE__)
-MRUBY_ROOT = File.expand_path("#{c_dir}/../..")
-DOC_DIR = File.expand_path(c_dir)
-
-cmd = "ruby #{DOC_DIR}/mrbdoc/mrbdoc.rb #{MRUBY_ROOT} #{DOC_DIR} false"
-IO.popen(cmd, "r+") do |io|
-  io.close_write
-  while line = io.gets
-    puts line
-  end
-end

doc/language/mrbdoc/lib/mrbdoc_analyze.rb

@@ -1,231 +0,0 @@
-class MRBDoc
-  SRC_DIR = 'src'
-  MRBLIB_DIR = 'mrblib'
-
-  def analyze_code dir, &block
-    @mrb_files = {}
-    @dir = File.expand_path(dir)
-
-    block.call "MRBDOC\tanalyze #{@dir}"
-
-    analyze(dir) do |progress|
-      block.call progress
-    end
-  end
-
-  def each_file(&block); @mrb_files.each {|k,v| block.call k,v}; end
-
-  def find_c_func(c_func_name)
-    each_file do |file_name, file|
-      c_func = file.c_funcs(c_func_name)
-      return c_func unless c_func.nil?
-    end
-    {}
-  end
-
-  def find_c_file(rb_obj_name, c_func_name)
-    last_file_name_match = ''
-    each_file do |file_name, file|
-      c_func = file.c_funcs(c_func_name)
-      if c_func and file.rb_class(rb_obj_name) or file.rb_module(rb_obj_name)
-        return file_name
-      elsif c_func
-        last_file_name_match = file_name
-      end
-    end
-    last_file_name_match
-  end
-
-  def find_c_file_by_class(name)
-    each_file do |file_name, file|
-      rb_class = file.rb_class(name)
-      return file_name unless rb_class.nil?
-    end
-    'nil'
-  end
-
-  def find_c_file_by_module(name)
-    each_file do |file_name, file|
-      rb_module = file.rb_module(name)
-      return file_name unless rb_module.nil?
-    end
-    'nil'
-  end
-
-  private
-
-  def analyze dir, &block
-    collect_all_files dir, &block
-  end
-
-  def collect_all_files dir, &block
-    l = lambda {|f| block.call "  - #{f.name}"}
-    collect_files(src_code_dir(dir), /\.c$/, &l)
-    collect_files(mrb_code_dir(dir), /\.rb$/, &l)
-  end
-
-  def collect_files dir, rxp, &block
-    Dir.foreach(dir) do |file|
-      next unless file =~ rxp
-
-      file_path = "#{dir}/#{file}"
-      mrb_file = MRBFile.new "#{file_path}"
-      @mrb_files["#{file_path}"] = mrb_file
-
-      block.call mrb_file
-    end
-  end
-
-  def src_code_dir dir; File.expand_path SRC_DIR, dir; end
-  def mrb_code_dir dir; File.expand_path MRBLIB_DIR, dir; end
-end
-
-class MRBFile
-  attr_reader :name
-  attr_reader :file
-
-  def initialize mrb_file
-    @file = mrb_file
-    @name = File.basename file
-    @c_funcs = {}
-    @rb_class_c_def = {}
-    @rb_method_c_def = {}
-    @rb_class_method_c_def = {}
-    @rb_module_c_def = {}
-    @last_line = nil
-    @assignments = {}
-
-    @assignments['mrb->object_class'] = 'Object'
-    @assignments['mrb->kernel_module'] = 'Kernel'
-    @assignments['mrb->module_class'] = 'Module'
-    @assignments['mrb->nil_class'] = 'NilClass'
-    @assignments['mrb->true_class'] = 'TrueClass'
-    @assignments['mrb->class_class'] = 'Class'
-
-    analyze
-  end
-
-  def each_class &block
-    @rb_class_c_def.each do |class_name, class_hsh|
-      block.call class_name, class_hsh
-    end
-  end
-
-  def each_method name, &block
-    @rb_method_c_def.each do |met_name, met_hsh|
-      met_name_tmp = met_name.sub /^#{name}_/, ''
-      block.call met_name_tmp, met_hsh if met_hsh[:rb_class] == name
-    end
-  end
-
-  def each_class_method name, &block
-    @rb_class_method_c_def.each do |met_name, met_hsh|
-      met_name_tmp = met_name.sub /^#{name}_/, ''
-      block.call met_name_tmp, met_hsh if met_hsh[:rb_class] == name
-    end
-  end
-
-  def each_module &block
-    @rb_module_c_def.each do |module_name, module_hsh|
-      block.call module_name, module_hsh
-    end
-  end
-
-  def each_core_object &block
-    each_class {|n| block.call n}
-    each_module {|n| block.call n}
-  end
-
-  def c_funcs c_func_name; @c_funcs[c_func_name]; end
-  def rb_class rb_class_name; @rb_class_c_def[rb_class_name]; end
-  def rb_module rb_module_name; @rb_module_c_def[rb_module_name]; end
-
-  private
-
-  def analyze
-    File.open(file).each_line.each_with_index do |line, idx|
-      line_no = idx.succ
-      if c_file?
-        analyze_c_line line, line_no
-      elsif rb_file?
-        analyze_rb_line line, line_no
-      else
-        raise ArgumentError.new "#{file} is a not supported file type"
-      end
-      @last_line = line.strip
-    end
-  end
-
-  def c_file?; (name =~ /\.c$/); end
-  def rb_file?; (name =~ /\.rb$/); end
-
-  RXP_C_VAR = /\s*([^\s]*?)\s*?/
-  RXP_C_STR = /\s*?\"(.*?)\"\s*?/
-  #RXP_C_ISO = /\s*\;\s*[\/\*]*\s*.*?([15\.]{0,3}[0-9\.]*)\s*[\\\\\*]*/
-  RXP_C_ISO = /\s*;\s*[\/\*]*[\sa-zA-Z]*([\d\.]*)[\sa-zA-Z]*[\*\/]*/
-
-  def analyze_c_line line, line_no
-    case line.strip
-    when /^([a-zA-Z\_][a-zA-Z\_0-9]*?)\((.*?)\)\s*?$/
-      # assuming c method definition
-      @c_funcs[$1] = {:line_no => line_no, :args => $2, :return => @last_line}
-    when /mrb_define_class\(.*?\,#{RXP_C_STR}\,#{RXP_C_VAR}\)#{RXP_C_ISO}/
-      # assuming ruby class definition in c
-      class_name = $1.clone
-      iso = $3.clone
-      iso.strip!
-      @rb_class_c_def[class_name] = {:c_object => $2, :iso => iso}
-      assigns = line.split '='
-      if assigns.size > 1
-        assigns[0..-2].each do |v|
-          @assignments[v.strip] = class_name
-        end
-      end
-    when /mrb_define_module\(.*?\,#{RXP_C_STR}\)#{RXP_C_ISO}/
-      # assuming ruby class definition in c
-      module_name = $1.clone
-      iso = $2.clone
-      iso.strip!
-      @rb_module_c_def[module_name] = {:iso => iso}
-      assigns = line.split '='
-      if assigns.size > 1
-        assigns[0..-2].each do |v|
-          @assignments[v.strip] = module_name
-        end
-      end
-    when /mrb_define_method\(.*?\,#{RXP_C_VAR}\,#{RXP_C_STR}\,#{RXP_C_VAR}\,#{RXP_C_VAR}\)#{RXP_C_ISO}/
-      # assuming ruby method definition in c
-      name = $1.clone
-      name = resolve_obj(name)
-      iso = $5.clone
-      iso.strip!
-      @rb_method_c_def["#{name}_#{$2}"] = {:c_func => $3, :args => $4, :rb_class => name, :iso => iso}
-    when /mrb_define_class_method\(.*?\,#{RXP_C_VAR}\,#{RXP_C_STR}\,#{RXP_C_VAR}\,#{RXP_C_VAR}\)#{RXP_C_ISO}/
-      # assuming ruby class method definition in c
-      class_name = $1.clone
-      class_name = resolve_obj(class_name)
-      iso = $5.clone
-      iso.strip!
-      @rb_class_method_c_def["#{class_name}_#{$2}"] = {:c_func => $3, :args => $4, :rb_class => class_name, :iso => iso}
-    when /mrb_name_class\(.*?\,#{RXP_C_VAR}\,\s*mrb_intern\(.*?,#{RXP_C_STR}\)\)#{RXP_C_ISO}/
-      class_name = $2.clone
-      iso = $3.clone
-      iso.strip!
-      @rb_class_c_def[class_name] = {:c_object => $1, :iso => iso}
-      @assignments[$1] = class_name
-    when /mrb_include_module\(.*?\,#{RXP_C_VAR}\,\s*mrb_class_get\(.*?\,#{RXP_C_STR}\)\)/
-      class_name = resolve_obj($1)
-      mod = $2.clone
-      @rb_class_c_def[class_name][:include] = [] unless @rb_class_c_def[class_name].has_key? :include
-      @rb_class_c_def[class_name][:include] << mod
-    end
-  end
-
-  def analyze_rb_line line, line_no
-
-  end
-
-  def resolve_obj c_var
-    @assignments[c_var]
-  end
-end

doc/language/mrbdoc/lib/mrbdoc_docu.rb

@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-class MRBDoc
-  def write_documentation dir, cfg, &block
-    block.call "MRBDOC\twrite to #{File.expand_path(dir)}"
-
-    write(dir, cfg) do |progress|
-      block.call progress
-    end
-  end
-
-  private
-
-  def write dir, cfg
-    File.open(File.expand_path('Core.md', dir), 'wb+') do |io|
-      print_core_classes(io, cfg)
-      print_core_modules(io, cfg)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def get_core_list id
-    core_list = {}
-    each_file do |file_path, mrb_file|
-      mrb_file.send(id) do |name, cls_hsh|
-        core_list[name] = {:data => cls_hsh, :methods => {}, :class_methods => {}}
-        mrb_file.each_method name do |met_name, met_hsh|
-          core_list[name][:methods][met_name] = met_hsh
-        end
-        mrb_file.each_class_method name do |met_name, met_hsh|
-          core_list[name][:class_methods][met_name] = met_hsh
-        end
-      end
-    end
-    core_list
-  end
-
-  def print_core_classes(io, cfg)
-    core_list = get_core_list :each_class
-    io.puts "# Core Classes\n\n"
-    core_list.sort.each do |name, hsh|
-      file = find_c_file_by_class(name)
-      file = file.split("#{@dir}/")[1]
-      iso = hsh[:data][:iso]
-      iso = 'n/a' if iso.nil? or iso == ''
-      mixins = hsh[:data][:include].join(', ') unless hsh[:data][:include].nil?
-      mixins = 'n/a' if mixins.nil? or mixins == ''
-
-      io.puts <<CLASS
-## #{name}
-
-ISO Code | Mixins | Source File
---- | --- | ---
-#{iso} |  #{mixins} | #{file}
-
-CLASS
-      print_class_methods(io, hsh, cfg)
-      print_methods(io, hsh, cfg)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def print_core_modules(io, cfg)
-    core_list = get_core_list :each_module
-    io.puts "# Core Modules\n\n"
-    core_list.sort.each do |name, hsh|
-      file = find_c_file_by_module(name)
-      file = file.split("#{@dir}/")[1]
-      iso = hsh[:data][:iso]
-      iso = 'n/a' if iso.nil? or iso == ''
-
-      io.puts <<CLASS
-## #{name}
-
-ISO Code | Source File
---- | ---
-#{iso} | #{file}
-
-CLASS
-      print_class_methods(io, hsh, cfg)
-      print_methods(io, hsh, cfg)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def print_methods(io, hsh, cfg)
-    return unless hsh[:methods].size > 0
-    io.puts "### Methods\n\n"
-    hsh[:methods].sort.each do |met_name, met_hsh|
-      print_method(io, met_name, met_hsh, cfg)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def print_class_methods(io, hsh, cfg)
-    return unless hsh[:class_methods].size > 0
-    io.puts "### Class Methods\n\n"
-    hsh[:class_methods].sort.each do |met_name, met_hsh|
-      print_method(io, met_name, met_hsh, cfg)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def print_method(io, met_name, met_hsh, cfg)
-    if cfg[:print_line_no]
-      line_no_head = ' | Line'
-      line_no = " | #{find_c_func(met_hsh[:c_func])[:line_no]}"
-    else
-      line_no, line_no_head = '', ''
-    end
-    file = find_c_file(met_hsh[:rb_class], met_hsh[:c_func])
-    file = file.split("#{@dir}/")[1]
-    iso = met_hsh[:iso]
-    iso = 'n/a' if iso.nil? or iso == ''
-
-    io.puts <<METHOD
-#### #{met_name}
-
-ISO Code | Source File | C Function#{line_no_head}
---- | --- | ---
-#{iso} | #{file} | #{met_hsh[:c_func]}#{line_no}
-
-METHOD
-  end
-end

doc/language/mrbdoc/mrbdoc.rb

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-
-$: << File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/lib'
-
-require 'mrbdoc_analyze'
-require 'mrbdoc_docu'
-
-MRUBY_ROOT = ARGV[0]
-DOC_ROOT = ARGV[1]
-_WRITE_LINE_NO = ARGV[2]
-STDOUT.sync = true
-
-raise ArgumentError.new 'mruby root missing!' if MRUBY_ROOT.nil?
-raise ArgumentError.new 'doc root missing!' if DOC_ROOT.nil?
-
-if _WRITE_LINE_NO.nil?
-  WRITE_LINE_NO = true
-else
-  case _WRITE_LINE_NO
-  when 'true'
-    WRITE_LINE_NO = true
-  when 'false'
-    WRITE_LINE_NO = false
-  else
-    raise ArgumentError.new 'Line no parameter has to be false or true!'
-  end
-end
-
-mrbdoc = MRBDoc.new
-
-mrbdoc.analyze_code MRUBY_ROOT do |progress|
-  puts progress
-end
-
-cfg = {:print_line_no => WRITE_LINE_NO}
-mrbdoc.write_documentation DOC_ROOT, cfg do |progress|
-  puts progress
-end

doc/limitations.md

@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+# Limitations and Differences
+
+The philosophy of mruby is to be a lightweight implementation of
+the Ruby ISO standard. These two objectives are partially contradicting.
+Ruby is an expressive language with complex implementation details which
+are difficult to implement in a lightweight manner. To cope with this,
+limitations to the "Ruby Compatibility" are defined.
+
+This document is collecting these limitations.
+
+## Integrity
+
+This document does not contain a complete list of limitations.
+Please help to improve it by submitting your findings.
+
+## `Array` passed to `puts`
+
+Passing an Array to `puts` results in different output.
+
+```ruby
+puts [1,2,3]
+```
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
+
+```
+1
+2
+3
+```
+
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
+
+```
+[1, 2, 3]
+```
+
+## `Kernel.raise` in rescue clause
+
+`Kernel.raise` without arguments does not raise the current exception within
+a rescue clause.
+
+```ruby
+begin
+  1 / 0
+rescue
+  raise
+end
+```
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
+
+`ZeroDivisionError` is raised.
+
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
+
+No exception is raised. Instead you have to do:
+
+```ruby
+begin
+  1 / 0
+rescue => e
+  raise e
+end
+```
+
+## Fiber execution can't cross C function boundary
+
+mruby's `Fiber` is implemented in a similar way to Lua's co-routine. This
+results in the consequence that you can't switch context within C functions.
+Only exception is `mrb_fiber_yield` at return.
+
+## `Array` does not support instance variables
+
+To reduce memory consumption `Array` does not support instance variables.
+
+```ruby
+class Liste < Array
+  def initialize(str = nil)
+    @feld = str
+  end
+end
+
+p Liste.new "foobar"
+```
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
+
+` [] `
+
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
+
+`ArgumentError` is raised.
+
+## Method visibility
+
+For simplicity reasons no method visibility (public/private/protected) is
+supported. Those methods are defined but they are dummy methods.
+
+```ruby
+class VisibleTest
+
+  def public_method; end
+
+  private
+  def private_method; end
+
+end
+
+p VisibleTest.new.respond_to?(:private_method, false)
+p VisibleTest.new.respond_to?(:private_method, true)
+```
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
+
+```
+false
+true
+```
+
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
+
+```
+true
+true
+```
+
+### Visibility Declaration
+
+The declaration form of following visibility methods are not implemented.
+
+* `public`
+* `private`
+* `protected`
+* `module_function`
+
+Especially, `module_function` method is not dummy, but no declaration form.
+
+```
+module TestModule
+  module_function
+  def test_func
+    p 'test_func called'
+  end
+
+  test_func
+end
+
+p 'ok'
+```
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.5.5p157 (2019-03-15 revision 67260)]
+
+```
+ok
+```
+
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
+
+```
+test.rb:8: undefined method 'test_func' (NoMethodError)
+```
+
+## `defined?`
+
+The `defined?` keyword is considered too complex to be fully
+implemented. It is recommended to use `const_defined?` and
+other reflection methods instead.
+
+```ruby
+defined?(Foo)
+```
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
+
+```
+nil
+```
+
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
+
+`NameError` is raised.
+
+## `alias` on global variables
+
+Aliasing a global variable works in CRuby but is not part
+of the ISO standard.
+
+```ruby
+alias $a $__a__
+```
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
+
+` nil `
+
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
+
+Syntax error
+
+## Operator modification
+
+An operator can't be overwritten by the user.
+
+```ruby
+class String
+  def +
+  end
+end
+
+'a' + 'b'
+```
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
+
+`ArgumentError` is raised.
+The re-defined `+` operator does not accept any arguments.
+
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
+
+` 'ab' `
+Behavior of the operator wasn't changed.
+
+## `Kernel#binding` is not supported
+
+`Kernel#binding` method is not supported.
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.5.1p57 (2018-03-29 revision 63029)]
+
+```
+$ ruby -e 'puts Proc.new {}.binding'
+#<Binding:0x00000e9deabb9950>
+```
+
+#### mruby [2.1.2 (2020-08-06)]
+
+```
+$ ./bin/mruby -e 'puts Proc.new {}.binding'
+trace (most recent call last):
+        [0] -e:1
+-e:1: undefined method 'binding' (NoMethodError)
+```
+
+## Keyword arguments
+
+mruby keyword arguments behave slightly different from CRuby 2.5
+to make the behavior simpler and less confusing.
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.5.1p57 (2018-03-29 revision 63029)]
+
+```
+$ ruby -e 'def m(*r,**k) p [r,k] end; m("a"=>1,:b=>2)'
+[[{"a"=>1}], {:b=>2}]
+```
+
+#### mruby [mruby 2.1.2]
+
+```
+$ ./bin/mruby -e 'def m(*r,**k) p [r,k] end; m("a"=>1,:b=>2)'
+trace (most recent call last):
+	[0] -e:1
+-e:1: keyword argument hash with non symbol keys (ArgumentError)
+```
+
+## `nil?` redefinition in conditional expressions
+
+Redefinition of `nil?` is ignored in conditional expressions.
+
+```ruby
+a = "a"
+def a.nil?
+  true
+end
+puts(a.nil? ? "truthy" : "falsy")
+```
+
+Ruby outputs `falsy`. mruby outputs `truthy`.
+
+## Argument Destructuring
+
+```ruby
+def m(a,(b,c),d); p [a,b,c,d]; end
+m(1,[2,3],4)  # => [1,2,3,4]
+```
+
+Destructured arguments (`b` and `c` in above example) cannot be accessed
+from the default expression of optional arguments and keyword arguments,
+since actual assignment is done after the evaluation of those default
+expressions. Thus:
+
+```ruby
+def f(a,(b,c),d=b)
+  p [a,b,c,d]
+end
+f(1,[2,3])
+```
+
+CRuby gives `[1,2,3,nil]`. mruby raises `NoMethodError` for `b`.

doc/mruby3.md

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+User visible changes in `mruby3`
+===
+
+# Build System
+
+## `build_config` directory
+
+Typical build configuration files are located in `build_config`
+directory. For examples:
+
+* `default`: the default configuration
+* `host-gprof`: compiles with `gprof` for performance tuning
+* `host-m32`: compiles in gcc 32bit mode on 64bit platforms
+* `boxing`: compiles all three boxing options
+* `clang-asan`: compiles with `clang`'s Address Sanitizer
+
+You can specify the build configuration file with the
+`MRUBY_CONFIG` environment variable (or `CONFIG` in short).
+If the value specified by `MRUBY_CONFIG` is not the path to
+the configuration file, `build_config/${MRUBY_CONFIG}.rb` is
+used.  So you can specify it as `rake MRUBY_CONFIG=boxing`,
+for example.
+
+# Build Configuration Contribution
+
+When you write a new build configuration description, please
+contribute. We welcome your contribution as a GitHub
+pull-request.
+
+# Language Changes
+
+## New Syntax
+
+We have ported some new syntax from CRuby.
+
+* Single line pattern matching (`12 => x`);
+  mruby matches only with local variables at the moment
+* Numbered block parameter (`x.map{_1 * 2}`)
+* End-less `def` (`def double(x) = x*2`)
+
+# Configuration Options Changed
+
+## Renamed for consistency
+
+Some configuration macro names are changed for consistency (use `MRB_USE_XXX`
+ or `MRB_NO_XXX`).
+
+|             mruby2             |          mruby3           |
+|--------------------------------|---------------------------|
+| `MRB_ENABLE_ALL_SYMBOLS`       | `MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS`     |
+| `MRB_ENABLE_CXX_ABI`           | `MRB_USE_CXX_ABI`         |
+| `MRB_ENABLE_CXX_EXCEPTION`     | `MRB_USE_CXX_EXCEPTION`   |
+| `MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK`        | `MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK`      |
+| `MRB_DISABLE_DIRECT_THREADING` | `MRB_NO_DIRECT_THREADING` |
+| `MRB_DISABLE_STDIO`            | `MRB_NO_STDIO`            |
+| `MRB_METHOD_T_STRUCT`          | `MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT` |
+| `MRB_USE_FLOAT`                | `MRB_USE_FLOAT32`         |
+| `MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT`            | `MRB_NO_FLOAT`            |
+| `ENABLE_LINENOISE`             | `MRB_USE_LINENOISE`       |
+| `ENABLE_READLINE`              | `MRB_USE_READLINE`        |
+| `DISABLE_MIRB_UNDERSCORE`      | `MRB_NO_MIRB_UNDERSCORE`  |
+
+* `MRB_USE_FLOAT32` is changed from `MRB_USE_FLOAT` to make sure `float` here
+   means using single precision float, and not the opposite of `MRB_NO_FLOAT`.
+* `MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT` uses `struct` version of `mrb_method_t`. More
+  portable but consumes more memory. Turned on by default on 32bit platforms.
+* `MRB_` prefix is added to those without.
+
+## `MRB_NO_BOXING`
+
+Uses `struct` to represent `mrb_value`. Consumes more memory
+but easier to investigate the internal and to debug. It used
+to be default `mrb_value` representation. Now the default is
+`MRB_WORD_BOXING`.
+
+## `MRB_WORD_BOXING`
+
+Pack `mrb_value` in an `intptr_t` integer. Consumes less
+memory compared to `MRB_NO_BOXING` especially on 32 bit
+platforms. `Fixnum` size is 31 bits so some integer values
+does not fit in `Fixnum` integers.
+
+## `MRB_NAN_BOXING`
+
+Pack `mrb_value` in a floating pointer number. Nothing
+changed from previous versions.
+
+## `MRB_USE_MALLOC_TRIM`
+
+Call `malloc_trim(0)` from mrb_full_gc() if this macro is defined.
+If you are using glibc malloc, this macro could reduce memory consumption.
+
+# Command Line Program
+
+## `bin/mruby` (by mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby)
+
+The mruby3 now automatically detects `*.mrb` files without the `-b`
+switch. Therefore, it can be mixed with the `*.rb` file in combination
+with the `-r` switch and specified at the same time.
+Here's an example that works fine:
+
+```console
+$ bin/mruby app.mrb
+$ bin/mruby -r lib1.mrb -r lib2.rb app.rb
+$ bin/mruby -r lib1.rb -r lib2.rb < app.mrb
+```
+
+# Internal Changes
+
+## New Instructions
+
+`mruby3` introduces a few new instructions.
+
+Instructions that access pool[i]/syms[i] where i>255.
+
+* `OP_LOADL16`
+* `OP_STRING16`
+* `OP_LOADSYM16`
+
+Instructions that load a 32 bit integer.
+
+* `OP_LOADI32`
+
+Instruction that unwinds jump table for rescue/ensure.
+
+* `OP_JMPUW`
+
+Renamed from `OP_RAISE`
+
+* `OP_RAISEIF`
+
+Instruction that is reserved for the future keyword argument support.
+
+* OP_SENDVK
+
+## Removed Instructions
+
+Instructions for old exception handling
+
+* `OP_ONERR`
+* `OP_POPERR`
+* `OP_EPUSH`
+* `OP_EPOP`
+
+No more operand extension
+
+* `OP_EXT1`
+* `OP_EXT2`
+* `OP_EXT3`
+
+## Changed Instructions
+
+Jump addresses used to be specified by absolute offset from the start of `iseq`. Now they are relative offset from the address of the next instruction.
+
+## `Random` now use `xoshiro128++`.
+
+For better and faster random number generation.
+
+## Preallocated Symbol
+
+Preallocated symbols are interned at compile-time. They can be accessed via symbols macros (e.g. `MRB_SYM()`).
+
+See [Symbols](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/doc/guides/symbol.md).

doc/opcode.md

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+# The new bytecode
+
+We will reimplement VM to use 8bit instruction code. By
+bytecode, we mean real byte code. The whole purpose is
+reducing the memory consumption of mruby VM.
+
+# Instructions
+
+Instructions are bytes. There can be 256 instructions. Currently we
+have 94 instructions. Instructions can take 0 to 3 operands.
+
+## operands
+
+The size of operands can be either 8bits, 16bits or 24bits.
+In the table.1 below, the second field describes the size (and
+sign) of operands.
+
+* B: 8bit
+* S: 16bit
+* sS: signed 16bit
+* W: 24bit
+
+## table.1 Instruction Table
+
+| Instruction Name | Operand type | Semantics                                              |
+|------------------|--------------|--------------------------------------------------------|
+| OP_NOP           | -            | no operation                                           |
+| OP_MOVE          | BB           | R(a) = R(b)                                            |
+| OP_LOADL         | BB           | R(a) = Pool(b)                                         |
+| OP_LOADI         | BB           | R(a) = mrb_int(b)                                      |
+| OP_LOADINEG      | BB           | R(a) = mrb_int(-b)                                     |
+| OP_LOADI__1      | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(-1)                                     |
+| OP_LOADI_0       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(0)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_1       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(1)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_2       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(2)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_3       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(3)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_4       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(4)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_5       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(5)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_6       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(6)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI_7       | B            | R(a) = mrb_int(7)                                      |
+| OP_LOADI16       | BsS          | R(a) = mrb_int(b)                                      |
+| OP_LOADSYM       | BB           | R(a) = Syms(b)                                         |
+| OP_LOADNIL       | B            | R(a) = nil                                             |
+| OP_LOADSELF      | B            | R(a) = self                                            |
+| OP_LOADT         | B            | R(a) = true                                            |
+| OP_LOADF         | B            | R(a) = false                                           |
+| OP_GETGV         | BB           | R(a) = getglobal(Syms(b))                              |
+| OP_SETGV         | BB           | setglobal(Syms(b), R(a))                               |
+| OP_GETSV         | BB           | R(a) = Special[Syms(b)]                                |
+| OP_SETSV         | BB           | Special[Syms(b)] = R(a)                                |
+| OP_GETIV         | BB           | R(a) = ivget(Syms(b))                                  |
+| OP_SETIV         | BB           | ivset(Syms(b),R(a))                                    |
+| OP_GETCV         | BB           | R(a) = cvget(Syms(b))                                  |
+| OP_SETCV         | BB           | cvset(Syms(b),R(a))                                    |
+| OP_GETCONST      | BB           | R(a) = constget(Syms(b))                               |
+| OP_SETCONST      | BB           | constset(Syms(b),R(a))                                 |
+| OP_GETMCNST      | BB           | R(a) = R(a)::Syms(b)                                   |
+| OP_SETMCNST      | BB           | R(a+1)::Syms(b) = R(a)                                 |
+| OP_GETUPVAR      | BBB          | R(a) = uvget(b,c)                                      |
+| OP_SETUPVAR      | BBB          | uvset(b,c,R(a))                                        |
+| OP_JMP           | S            | pc=a                                                   |
+| OP_JMPIF         | BS           | if R(a) pc=b                                           |
+| OP_JMPNOT        | BS           | if !R(a) pc=b                                          |
+| OP_JMPNIL        | BS           | if R(a)==nil pc=b                                      |
+| OP_JMPUW         | S            | unwind_and_jump_to(a)                                  |
+| OP_EXCEPT        | B            | R(a) = exc                                             |
+| OP_RESCUE        | BB           | R(b) = R(a).isa?(R(b))                                 |
+| OP_RAISEIF       | B            | raise(R(a)) if R(a)                                    |
+| OP_SENDV         | BB           | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),*R(a+1))                      |
+| OP_SENDVB        | BB           | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),*R(a+1),&R(a+2))              |
+| OP_SEND          | BBB          | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1),...,R(a+c))            |
+| OP_SENDB         | BBB          | R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1),...,R(a+c),&R(a+c+1))  |
+| OP_CALL          | -            | R(0) = self.call(frame.argc, frame.argv)               |
+| OP_SUPER         | BB           | R(a) = super(R(a+1),... ,R(a+b+1))                     |
+| OP_ARGARY        | BS           | R(a) = argument array (16=5:1:5:1:4)                   |
+| OP_ENTER         | W            | arg setup according to flags (23=5:5:1:5:5:1:1)        |
+| OP_KEY_P         | BB           | R(a) = kdict.key?(Syms(b))                             |
+| OP_KEYEND        | -            | raise unless kdict.empty?                              |
+| OP_KARG          | BB           | R(a) = kdict[Syms(b)]; kdict.delete(Syms(b))           |
+| OP_RETURN        | B            | return R(a) (normal)                                   |
+| OP_RETURN_BLK    | B            | return R(a) (in-block return)                          |
+| OP_BREAK         | B            | break R(a)                                             |
+| OP_BLKPUSH       | BS           | R(a) = block (16=5:1:5:1:4)                            |
+| OP_ADD           | B            | R(a) = R(a)+R(a+1)                                     |
+| OP_ADDI          | BB           | R(a) = R(a)+mrb_int(b)                                 |
+| OP_SUB           | B            | R(a) = R(a)-R(a+1)                                     |
+| OP_SUBI          | BB           | R(a) = R(a)-mrb_int(b)                                 |
+| OP_MUL           | B            | R(a) = R(a)*R(a+1)                                     |
+| OP_DIV           | B            | R(a) = R(a)/R(a+1)                                     |
+| OP_EQ            | B            | R(a) = R(a)==R(a+1)                                    |
+| OP_LT            | B            | R(a) = R(a)<R(a+1)                                     |
+| OP_LE            | B            | R(a) = R(a)<=R(a+1)                                    |
+| OP_GT            | B            | R(a) = R(a)>R(a+1)                                     |
+| OP_GE            | B            | R(a) = R(a)>=R(a+1)                                    |
+| OP_ARRAY         | BB           | R(a) = ary_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b))                    |
+| OP_ARRAY2        | BBB          | R(a) = ary_new(R(b),R(b+1)..R(b+c))                    |
+| OP_ARYCAT        | B            | ary_cat(R(a),R(a+1))                                   |
+| OP_ARYPUSH       | B            | ary_push(R(a),R(a+1))                                  |
+| OP_ARYDUP        | B            | R(a) = ary_dup(R(a))                                   |
+| OP_AREF          | BBB          | R(a) = R(b)[c]                                         |
+| OP_ASET          | BBB          | R(a)[c] = R(b)                                         |
+| OP_APOST         | BBB          | *R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+c) = R(a)[b..]                       |
+| OP_INTERN        | B            | R(a) = intern(R(a))                                    |
+| OP_STRING        | BB           | R(a) = str_dup(Lit(b))                                 |
+| OP_STRCAT        | B            | str_cat(R(a),R(a+1))                                   |
+| OP_HASH          | BB           | R(a) = hash_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b))                   |
+| OP_HASHADD       | BB           | R(a) = hash_push(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b))                  |
+| OP_HASHCAT       | B            | R(a) = hash_cat(R(a),R(a+1))                           |
+| OP_LAMBDA        | BB           | R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],OP_L_LAMBDA)                      |
+| OP_BLOCK         | BB           | R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],OP_L_BLOCK)                       |
+| OP_METHOD        | BB           | R(a) = lambda(SEQ[b],OP_L_METHOD)                      |
+| OP_RANGE_INC     | B            | R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),FALSE)                    |
+| OP_RANGE_EXC     | B            | R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),TRUE)                     |
+| OP_OCLASS        | B            | R(a) = ::Object                                        |
+| OP_CLASS         | BB           | R(a) = newclass(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1))                   |
+| OP_MODULE        | BB           | R(a) = newmodule(R(a),Syms(b))                         |
+| OP_EXEC          | BB           | R(a) = blockexec(R(a),SEQ[b])                          |
+| OP_DEF           | BB           | R(a).newmethod(Syms(b),R(a+1))                         |
+| OP_ALIAS         | BB           | alias_method(target_class,Syms(a),Syms(b))             |
+| OP_UNDEF         | B            | undef_method(target_class,Syms(a))                     |
+| OP_SCLASS        | B            | R(a) = R(a).singleton_class                            |
+| OP_TCLASS        | B            | R(a) = target_class                                    |
+| OP_DEBUG         | BBB          | print a,b,c                                            |
+| OP_ERR           | B            | raise(LocalJumpError, Lit(a))                          |
+| OP_STOP          | -            | stop VM                                                |
+|------------------|--------------|--------------------------------------------------------|

examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example/mrblib/example.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 module CRubyExtension
   def CRubyExtension.ruby_method
-    puts "A Ruby Extension"
+    puts "#{self}: A Ruby Extension"
   end
 end

examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example/src/example.c

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 #include <mruby.h>
+#include <mruby/string.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 static mrb_value
 mrb_c_method(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
-  puts("A C Extension");
+  mrb_value self_str = mrb_str_to_str(mrb, self);
+
+  printf("%s: A C Extension\n", mrb_str_to_cstr(mrb, self_str));
+
   return self;
 }
 

examples/mrbgems/c_extension_example/src/example.c

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 #include <mruby.h>
+#include <mruby/string.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 static mrb_value
 mrb_c_method(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
-  puts("A C Extension");
+  mrb_value self_str = mrb_str_to_str(mrb, self);
+
+  printf("%s: A C Extension\n", mrb_str_to_cstr(mrb, self_str));
+
   return self;
 }
 

examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example/mrbgem.rake

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('ruby_extension_example') do |spec|
   # Add libraries
   # spec.linker.libraries << 'external_lib'
 
+  spec.add_dependency('mruby-print', :core => 'mruby-print')
+
   # Default build files
   # spec.rbfiles = Dir.glob("#{dir}/mrblib/*.rb")
   # spec.objs = Dir.glob("#{dir}/src/*.{c,cpp,m,asm,S}").map { |f| objfile(f.relative_path_from(dir).pathmap("#{build_dir}/%X")) }

examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example/mrblib/example.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 class RubyExtension
   def RubyExtension.ruby_method
-    puts "A Ruby Extension"
+    puts "#{self}: A Ruby Extension"
   end
 end

include/mrbconf.h

@@ -7,43 +7,119 @@
 #ifndef MRUBYCONF_H
 #define MRUBYCONF_H
 
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/* architecture selection: */
+/* specify -DMRB_32BIT or -DMRB_64BIT to override */
+#if !defined(MRB_32BIT) && !defined(MRB_64BIT)
+#if UINT64_MAX == SIZE_MAX
+#define MRB_64BIT
+#else
+#define MRB_32BIT
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(MRB_32BIT) && defined(MRB_64BIT)
+#error Cannot build for 32 and 64 bit architecture at the same time
+#endif
+
 /* configuration options: */
-/* add -DMRB_USE_FLOAT to use float instead of double for floating point numbers */
-//#define MRB_USE_FLOAT
+/* add -DMRB_USE_FLOAT32 to use float instead of double for floating point numbers */
+//#define MRB_USE_FLOAT32
 
-/* add -DMRB_INT16 to use 16bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT64 */
-//#define MRB_INT16
+/* exclude floating point numbers */
+//#define MRB_NO_FLOAT
 
-/* add -DMRB_INT64 to use 64bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT16 */
-//#define MRB_INT64
+/* obsolete configuration */
+#if defined(MRB_USE_FLOAT)
+# define MRB_USE_FLOAT32
+#endif
 
-/* represent mrb_value in boxed double; conflict with MRB_USE_FLOAT */
+/* obsolete configuration */
+#if defined(MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT)
+# define MRB_NO_FLOAT
+#endif
+
+#if defined(MRB_USE_FLOAT32) && defined(MRB_NO_FLOAT)
+#error Cannot define MRB_USE_FLOAT32 and MRB_NO_FLOAT at the same time
+#endif
+
+/* add -DMRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE to disable method cache to save memory */
+//#define MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
+/* size of the method cache (need to be the power of 2) */
+//#define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<8)
+
+/* add -DMRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT on machines that use higher bits of function pointers */
+/* no MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT requires highest 2 bits of function pointers to be zero */
+#ifndef MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
+  // can't use highest 2 bits of function pointers at least on 32bit
+  // Windows and 32bit Linux.
+# ifdef MRB_32BIT
+#   define MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* define on big endian machines; used by MRB_NAN_BOXING, etc. */
+#ifndef MRB_ENDIAN_BIG
+# if (defined(BYTE_ORDER) && defined(BIG_ENDIAN) && BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN) || \
+     (defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && defined(__ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__) && __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
+#  define MRB_ENDIAN_BIG
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* represent mrb_value in boxed double; conflict with MRB_USE_FLOAT32 and MRB_NO_FLOAT */
 //#define MRB_NAN_BOXING
 
-/* define on big endian machines; used by MRB_NAN_BOXING */
-//#define MRB_ENDIAN_BIG
-
 /* represent mrb_value as a word (natural unit of data for the processor) */
 //#define MRB_WORD_BOXING
 
+/* represent mrb_value as a struct; occupies 2 words */
+//#define MRB_NO_BOXING
+
+/* if no specific boxing type is chosen */
+#if !defined(MRB_NAN_BOXING) && !defined(MRB_WORD_BOXING) && !defined(MRB_NO_BOXING)
+# define MRB_WORD_BOXING
+#endif
+
+/* add -DMRB_INT32 to use 32bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT64;
+   Default for 32-bit CPU mode. */
+//#define MRB_INT32
+
+/* add -DMRB_INT64 to use 64bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT32;
+   Default for 64-bit CPU mode (unless using MRB_NAN_BOXING). */
+//#define MRB_INT64
+
+/* if no specific integer type is chosen */
+#if !defined(MRB_INT32) && !defined(MRB_INT64)
+# if defined(MRB_64BIT) && !defined(MRB_NAN_BOXING)
+/* Use 64bit integers on 64bit architecture (without MRB_NAN_BOXING) */
+#  define MRB_INT64
+# else
+/* Otherwise use 32bit integers */
+#  define MRB_INT32
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* call malloc_trim(0) from mrb_full_gc() */
+//#define MRB_USE_MALLOC_TRIM
+
+/* string class to handle UTF-8 encoding */
+//#define MRB_UTF8_STRING
+
 /* argv max size in mrb_funcall */
 //#define MRB_FUNCALL_ARGC_MAX 16
 
 /* number of object per heap page */
 //#define MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE 1024
 
-/* use segmented list for IV table */
-//#define MRB_USE_IV_SEGLIST
+/* if __ehdr_start is available, mruby can reduce memory used by symbols */
+//#define MRB_USE_LINK_TIME_RO_DATA_P
 
-/* initial size for IV khash; ignored when MRB_USE_IV_SEGLIST is set */
-//#define MRB_IVHASH_INIT_SIZE 8
-
-/* if _etext and _edata available, mruby can reduce memory used by symbols */
-//#define MRB_USE_ETEXT_EDATA
-
-/* do not use __init_array_start to determine readonly data section;
-   effective only when MRB_USE_ETEXT_EDATA is defined */
-//#define MRB_NO_INIT_ARRAY_START
+/* if MRB_USE_LINK_TIME_RO_DATA_P does not work,
+   you can try mrb_ro_data_p() that you have implemented yourself in any file;
+   prototype is `mrb_bool mrb_ro_data_p(const char *ptr)` */
+//#define MRB_USE_CUSTOM_RO_DATA_P
 
 /* turn off generational GC by default */
 //#define MRB_GC_TURN_OFF_GENERATIONAL
@@ -57,9 +133,6 @@
 /* page size of memory pool */
 //#define POOL_PAGE_SIZE 16000
 
-/* initial minimum size for string buffer */
-//#define MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE 128
-
 /* arena size */
 //#define MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE 100
 
@@ -72,23 +145,39 @@
 /* fixed size state atexit stack */
 //#define MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK
 
-/* -DDISABLE_XXXX to drop following features */
-//#define DISABLE_STDIO		/* use of stdio */
+/* -DMRB_NO_XXXX to drop following features */
+//#define MRB_NO_STDIO /* use of stdio */
 
-/* -DENABLE_XXXX to enable following features */
-//#define ENABLE_DEBUG		/* hooks for debugger */
+/* -DMRB_USE_XXXX to enable following features */
+//#define MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK /* hooks for debugger */
+//#define MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS /* Symbol.all_symbols */
+
+/* obsolete configurations */
+#ifdef MRB_METHOD_T_STRUCT
+# define MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
+#endif
+#if defined(DISABLE_STDIO) || defined(MRB_DISABLE_STDIO)
+# define MRB_NO_STDIO
+#endif
+#ifdef MRB_DISABLE_DIRECT_THREADING
+# define MRB_NO_DIRECT_THREADING
+#endif
+#if defined(ENABLE_DEBUG) || defined(MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK)
+# define MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK
+#endif
+#ifdef MRB_ENABLE_ALL_SYMBOLS
+# define MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS
+#endif
+#ifdef MRB_ENABLE_CXX_ABI
+# define MRB_USE_CXX_ABI
+#endif
+#ifdef MRB_ENABLE_CXX_EXCEPTION
+# define MRB_USE_CXX_EXCEPTION
+#endif
 
 /* end of configuration */
 
-/* define ENABLE_XXXX from DISABLE_XXX */
-#ifndef DISABLE_STDIO
-#define ENABLE_STDIO
-#endif
-#ifndef ENABLE_DEBUG
-#define DISABLE_DEBUG
-#endif
-
-#ifdef ENABLE_STDIO
+#ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
 # include <stdio.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -100,15 +189,46 @@
 # define TRUE 1
 #endif
 
-#if defined(MRB_BUILD_AS_DLL)
+/*
+** mruby tuning profiles
+**/
 
-#if defined(MRB_CORE) || defined(MRB_LIB)
-#define MRB_API __declspec(dllexport)
-#else
-#define MRB_API __declspec(dllimport)
-#endif
-#else
-#define MRB_API extern
+/* A profile for micro controllers */
+#if defined(MRB_CONSTRAINED_BASELINE_PROFILE)
+# ifndef MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
+#  define MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
+# endif
+
+# ifndef KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE
+#  define KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE 16
+# endif
+
+# ifndef MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE
+#  define MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE 256
+# endif
+
+/* A profile for default mruby */
+#elif defined(MRB_BASELINE_PROFILE)
+
+/* A profile for desktop computers or workstations; rich memory! */
+#elif defined(MRB_MAIN_PROFILE)
+# ifndef MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE
+#  define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<10)
+# endif
+
+# ifndef MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE
+#  define MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE 4096
+# endif
+
+/* A profile for server; mruby vm is long life */
+#elif defined(MRB_HIGH_PROFILE)
+# ifndef MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE
+#  define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<12)
+# endif
+
+# ifndef MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE
+#  define MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE 4096
+# endif
 #endif
 
 #endif  /* MRUBYCONF_H */

include/mruby/array.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/array.h - Array class
+/**
+** @file mruby/array.h - Array class
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -7,32 +7,77 @@
 #ifndef MRUBY_ARRAY_H
 #define MRUBY_ARRAY_H
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-extern "C" {
-#endif
+#include "common.h"
+
+/*
+ * Array class
+ */
+MRB_BEGIN_DECL
+
 
 typedef struct mrb_shared_array {
   int refcnt;
-  mrb_int len;
+  mrb_ssize len;
   mrb_value *ptr;
 } mrb_shared_array;
 
+#if defined(MRB_32BIT) && defined(MRB_NO_BOXING)
+# define MRB_ARY_NO_EMBED
+# define MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX 0
+#else
+# define MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX ((mrb_int)(sizeof(void*)*3/sizeof(mrb_value)))
+mrb_static_assert(MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX > 0, "MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX > 0");
+#endif
+
 struct RArray {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
-  mrb_int len;
   union {
-    mrb_int capa;
-    mrb_shared_array *shared;
-  } aux;
-  mrb_value *ptr;
+    struct {
+      mrb_ssize len;
+      union {
+        mrb_ssize capa;
+        mrb_shared_array *shared;
+      } aux;
+      mrb_value *ptr;
+    } heap;
+#ifndef MRB_ARY_NO_EMBED
+    mrb_value ary[MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX];
+#endif
+  } as;
 };
 
 #define mrb_ary_ptr(v)    ((struct RArray*)(mrb_ptr(v)))
 #define mrb_ary_value(p)  mrb_obj_value((void*)(p))
 #define RARRAY(v)  ((struct RArray*)(mrb_ptr(v)))
 
-#define RARRAY_LEN(a) (RARRAY(a)->len)
-#define RARRAY_PTR(a) ((const mrb_value*)RARRAY(a)->ptr)
+#ifdef MRB_ARY_NO_EMBED
+#define ARY_EMBED_P(a) 0
+#define ARY_UNSET_EMBED_FLAG(a) (void)0
+#define ARY_EMBED_LEN(a) 0
+#define ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(a,len) (void)0
+#define ARY_EMBED_PTR(a) 0
+#else
+#define MRB_ARY_EMBED_MASK  7
+#define ARY_EMBED_P(a) ((a)->flags & MRB_ARY_EMBED_MASK)
+#define ARY_UNSET_EMBED_FLAG(a) ((a)->flags &= ~(MRB_ARY_EMBED_MASK))
+#define ARY_EMBED_LEN(a) ((mrb_int)(((a)->flags & MRB_ARY_EMBED_MASK) - 1))
+#define ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(a,len) ((a)->flags = ((a)->flags&~MRB_ARY_EMBED_MASK) | ((uint32_t)(len) + 1))
+#define ARY_EMBED_PTR(a) ((a)->as.ary)
+#endif
+
+#define ARY_LEN(a) (ARY_EMBED_P(a)?ARY_EMBED_LEN(a):(a)->as.heap.len)
+#define ARY_PTR(a) (ARY_EMBED_P(a)?ARY_EMBED_PTR(a):(a)->as.heap.ptr)
+#define RARRAY_LEN(a) ARY_LEN(RARRAY(a))
+#define RARRAY_PTR(a) ARY_PTR(RARRAY(a))
+#define ARY_SET_LEN(a,n) do {\
+  if (ARY_EMBED_P(a)) {\
+    mrb_assert((n) <= MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX); \
+    ARY_SET_EMBED_LEN(a,n);\
+  }\
+  else\
+    (a)->as.heap.len = (n);\
+} while (0)
+#define ARY_CAPA(a) (ARY_EMBED_P(a)?MRB_ARY_EMBED_LEN_MAX:(a)->as.heap.aux.capa)
 #define MRB_ARY_SHARED      256
 #define ARY_SHARED_P(a) ((a)->flags & MRB_ARY_SHARED)
 #define ARY_SET_SHARED_FLAG(a) ((a)->flags |= MRB_ARY_SHARED)
@@ -41,34 +86,232 @@ struct RArray {
 void mrb_ary_decref(mrb_state*, mrb_shared_array*);
 MRB_API void mrb_ary_modify(mrb_state*, struct RArray*);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_new_capa(mrb_state*, mrb_int);
+
+/*
+ * Initializes a new array.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *      Array.new
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @return The initialized array.
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_new(mrb_state *mrb);
+
+/*
+ * Initializes a new array with initial values
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *      Array[value1, value2, ...]
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param size The numer of values.
+ * @param vals The actual values.
+ * @return The initialized array.
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_new_from_values(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int size, const mrb_value *vals);
+
+/*
+ * Initializes a new array with two initial values
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *      Array[car, cdr]
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param car The first value.
+ * @param cdr The second value.
+ * @return The initialized array.
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_assoc_new(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value car, mrb_value cdr);
-MRB_API void mrb_ary_concat(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_value);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_splat(mrb_state*, mrb_value);
-MRB_API void mrb_ary_push(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_value);
+
+/*
+ * Concatenate two arrays. The target array will be modified
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *      ary.concat(other)
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param self The target array.
+ * @param other The array that will be concatenated to self.
+ */
+MRB_API void mrb_ary_concat(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self, mrb_value other);
+
+/*
+ * Create an array from the input. It tries calling to_a on the
+ * value. If value does not respond to that, it creates a new
+ * array with just this value.
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param value The value to change into an array.
+ * @return An array representation of value.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_splat(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value value);
+
+/*
+ * Pushes value into array.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *      ary << value
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param ary The array in which the value will be pushed
+ * @param value The value to be pushed into array
+ */
+MRB_API void mrb_ary_push(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value array, mrb_value value);
+
+/*
+ * Pops the last element from the array.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *      ary.pop
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param ary The array from which the value will be popped.
+ * @return The popped value.
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_pop(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary);
+
+/*
+ * Returns a reference to an element of the array on the given index.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *      ary[n]
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param ary The target array.
+ * @param n The array index being referenced
+ * @return The referenced value.
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_ref(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_int n);
+
+/*
+ * Sets a value on an array at the given index
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *      ary[n] = val
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param ary The target array.
+ * @param n The array index being referenced.
+ * @param val The value being setted.
+ */
 MRB_API void mrb_ary_set(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_int n, mrb_value val);
-MRB_API void mrb_ary_replace(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value a, mrb_value b);
+
+/*
+ * Replace the array with another array
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *      ary.replace(other)
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference
+ * @param self The target array.
+ * @param other The array to replace it with.
+ */
+MRB_API void mrb_ary_replace(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self, mrb_value other);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ensure_array_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_array_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
+
+/*
+ * Unshift an element into the array
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *     ary.unshift(item)
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param self The target array.
+ * @param item The item to unshift.
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_unshift(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self, mrb_value item);
+
+/*
+ * Get nth element in the array
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *     ary[offset]
+ *
+ * @param ary The target array.
+ * @param offset The element position (negative counts from the tail).
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_entry(mrb_value ary, mrb_int offset);
+
+/*
+ * Replace subsequence of an array.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *      ary[head, len] = rpl
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param self The array from which the value will be partiality replaced.
+ * @param head Beginning position of a replacement subsequence.
+ * @param len Length of a replacement subsequence.
+ * @param rpl The array of replacement elements.
+ *            It is possible to pass `mrb_undef_value()` instead of an empty array.
+ * @return The receiver array.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_splice(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self, mrb_int head, mrb_int len, mrb_value rpl);
+
+/*
+ * Shifts the first element from the array.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *      ary.shift
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param self The array from which the value will be shifted.
+ * @return The shifted value.
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_shift(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
+
+/*
+ * Removes all elements from the array
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *      ary.clear
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param self The target array.
+ * @return self
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_clear(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
+
+/*
+ * Join the array elements together in a string
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *      ary.join(sep="")
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param ary The target array
+ * @param sep The separator, can be NULL
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_join(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_value sep);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_resize(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_int len);
 
-static inline mrb_int
-mrb_ary_len(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary)
-{
-  (void)mrb;
-  mrb_assert(mrb_array_p(ary));
-  return RARRAY_LEN(ary);
-}
+/*
+ * Update the capacity of the array
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param ary The target array.
+ * @param new_len The new capacity of the array
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ary_resize(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_int new_len);
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-}  /* extern "C" { */
-#endif
+/* helper functions */
+mrb_value mrb_ary_subseq(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_int beg, mrb_int len);
+
+MRB_END_DECL
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_ARRAY_H */

include/mruby/boxing_nan.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/boxing_nan.h - nan boxing mrb_value definition
+/**
+** @file mruby/boxing_nan.h - nan boxing mrb_value definition
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -7,8 +7,12 @@
 #ifndef MRUBY_BOXING_NAN_H
 #define MRUBY_BOXING_NAN_H
 
-#ifdef MRB_USE_FLOAT
-# error ---->> MRB_NAN_BOXING and MRB_USE_FLOAT conflict <<----
+#ifdef MRB_USE_FLOAT32
+# error ---->> MRB_NAN_BOXING and MRB_USE_FLOAT32 conflict <<----
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+# error ---->> MRB_NAN_BOXING and MRB_NO_FLOAT conflict <<----
 #endif
 
 #ifdef MRB_INT64
@@ -16,13 +20,9 @@
 #endif
 
 #define MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT 0
-#define MRB_TT_HAS_BASIC MRB_TT_OBJECT
-
-#ifdef MRB_ENDIAN_BIG
-#define MRB_ENDIAN_LOHI(a,b) a b
-#else
-#define MRB_ENDIAN_LOHI(a,b) b a
-#endif
+#define MRB_SYMBOL_SHIFT 0
+#define MRB_FIXNUM_MIN INT32_MIN
+#define MRB_FIXNUM_MAX INT32_MAX
 
 /* value representation by nan-boxing:
  *   float : FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
@@ -33,62 +33,98 @@
  * in the right direction. Also, TTTTTT is the mrb_vtype + 1;
  */
 typedef struct mrb_value {
-  union {
-    mrb_float f;
-    union {
-      void *p;
-      struct {
-        MRB_ENDIAN_LOHI(
-          uint32_t ttt;
-          ,union {
-            mrb_int i;
-            mrb_sym sym;
-          };
-        )
-      };
-    } value;
-  };
+  uint64_t u;
 } mrb_value;
 
-#define mrb_float_pool(mrb,f) mrb_float_value(mrb,f)
+union mrb_value_ {
+  mrb_float f;
+  uint64_t u;
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+  void *p;
+# define BOXNAN_IMMEDIATE_VALUE uint32_t i
+#else
+# define BOXNAN_IMMEDIATE_VALUE union { uint32_t i; void *p; }
+#endif
+  struct {
+    MRB_ENDIAN_LOHI(
+      uint32_t ttt;
+      ,BOXNAN_IMMEDIATE_VALUE;
+    )
+  };
+  mrb_value value;
+};
 
-#define mrb_tt(o)       ((enum mrb_vtype)(((o).value.ttt & 0xfc000)>>14)-1)
-#define mrb_type(o)     ((uint32_t)0xfff00000 < (o).value.ttt ? mrb_tt(o) : MRB_TT_FLOAT)
-#define mrb_ptr(o)      ((void*)((((uintptr_t)0x3fffffffffff)&((uintptr_t)((o).value.p)))<<2))
-#define mrb_float(o)    (o).f
+mrb_static_assert1(sizeof(mrb_value) == sizeof(union mrb_value_));
+
+static inline union mrb_value_
+mrb_val_union(mrb_value v)
+{
+  union mrb_value_ x;
+  x.value = v;
+  return x;
+}
+
+#define mrb_tt(o)       ((enum mrb_vtype)((mrb_val_union(o).ttt & 0xfc000)>>14)-1)
+#define mrb_type(o)     (enum mrb_vtype)((uint32_t)0xfff00000 < mrb_val_union(o).ttt ? mrb_tt(o) : MRB_TT_FLOAT)
+#define mrb_float(o)    mrb_val_union(o).f
+#define mrb_fixnum(o)   ((mrb_int)mrb_val_union(o).i)
+#define mrb_integer(o)  mrb_fixnum(o)
+#define mrb_symbol(o)   ((mrb_sym)mrb_val_union(o).i)
+
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+#define mrb_ptr(o)      ((void*)((((uintptr_t)0x3fffffffffff)&((uintptr_t)(mrb_val_union(o).p)))<<2))
+#define mrb_cptr(o)     (((struct RCptr*)mrb_ptr(o))->p)
+#define BOXNAN_SHIFT_LONG_POINTER(v) (((uintptr_t)(v)>>34)&0x3fff)
+#else
+#define mrb_ptr(o)      ((void*)mrb_val_union(o).i)
 #define mrb_cptr(o)     mrb_ptr(o)
-#define mrb_fixnum(o)   (o).value.i
-#define mrb_symbol(o)   (o).value.sym
+#define BOXNAN_SHIFT_LONG_POINTER(v) 0
+#endif
 
-#define BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(o, tt, attr, v) do {\
-  (o).value.ttt = (0xfff00000|(((tt)+1)<<14));\
-  switch (tt) {\
-  case MRB_TT_FALSE:\
-  case MRB_TT_TRUE:\
-  case MRB_TT_UNDEF:\
-  case MRB_TT_FIXNUM:\
-  case MRB_TT_SYMBOL: (o).attr = (v); break;\
-  default: (o).value.i = 0; (o).value.p = (void*)((uintptr_t)(o).value.p | (((uintptr_t)(v))>>2)); break;\
-  }\
+#define BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(o, tt, attr, v) do { \
+  union mrb_value_ mrb_value_union_variable; \
+  mrb_value_union_variable.attr = (v);\
+  mrb_value_union_variable.ttt = 0xfff00000 | (((tt)+1)<<14);\
+  o = mrb_value_union_variable.value;\
 } while (0)
 
-#define SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb,r,v) do { \
-  if (v != v) { \
-    (r).value.ttt = 0x7ff80000; \
-    (r).value.i = 0; \
-  } else { \
-    (r).f = v; \
-  }} while(0)
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+#define BOXNAN_SET_OBJ_VALUE(o, tt, v) do {\
+  union mrb_value_ mrb_value_union_variable;\
+  mrb_value_union_variable.p = (void*)((uintptr_t)(v)>>2);\
+  mrb_value_union_variable.ttt = (0xfff00000|(((tt)+1)<<14)|BOXNAN_SHIFT_LONG_POINTER(v));\
+  o = mrb_value_union_variable.value;\
+} while (0)
+#else
+#define BOXNAN_SET_OBJ_VALUE(o, tt, v) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(o, tt, i, (uint32_t)v)
+#endif
 
-#define SET_NIL_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 0)
-#define SET_FALSE_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_TRUE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_BOOL_VALUE(r,b) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, b ? MRB_TT_TRUE : MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_INT_VALUE(r,n) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FIXNUM, value.i, (n))
-#define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,v) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_SYMBOL, value.sym, (v))
-#define SET_OBJ_VALUE(r,v) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, (((struct RObject*)(v))->tt), value.p, (v))
-#define SET_PROC_VALUE(r,v) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_PROC, value.p, v)
-#define SET_CPTR_VALUE(mrb,r,v) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_CPTR, value.p, v)
-#define SET_UNDEF_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_UNDEF, value.i, 0)
+#define SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb,r,v) do { \
+  union mrb_value_ mrb_value_union_variable; \
+  if ((v) != (v)) { /* NaN */ \
+    mrb_value_union_variable.ttt = 0x7ff80000; \
+    mrb_value_union_variable.i = 0; \
+  } \
+  else { \
+    mrb_value_union_variable.f = (v); \
+  } \
+  r = mrb_value_union_variable.value; \
+} while(0)
+
+#define SET_NIL_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, i, 0)
+#define SET_FALSE_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, i, 1)
+#define SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_TRUE, i, 1)
+#define SET_BOOL_VALUE(r,b) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, b ? MRB_TT_TRUE : MRB_TT_FALSE, i, 1)
+#define SET_INT_VALUE(mrb, r,n) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_INTEGER, i, (uint32_t)(n))
+#define SET_FIXNUM_VALUE(r,n) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_INTEGER, i, (uint32_t)(n))
+#define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,v) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_SYMBOL, i, (uint32_t)(v))
+#define SET_OBJ_VALUE(r,v) BOXNAN_SET_OBJ_VALUE(r, (((struct RObject*)(v))->tt), (v))
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_nan_boxing_cptr_value(struct mrb_state*, void*);
+#define SET_CPTR_VALUE(mrb,r,v) ((r) = mrb_nan_boxing_cptr_value(mrb, v))
+#else
+#define SET_CPTR_VALUE(mrb,r,v) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_CPTR, p, v)
+#endif
+#define SET_UNDEF_VALUE(r) BOXNAN_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_UNDEF, i, 0)
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_BOXING_NAN_H */

include/mruby/boxing_no.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/boxing_no.h - unboxed mrb_value definition
+/**
+** @file mruby/boxing_no.h - unboxed mrb_value definition
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -8,24 +8,31 @@
 #define MRUBY_BOXING_NO_H
 
 #define MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT 0
-#define MRB_TT_HAS_BASIC MRB_TT_OBJECT
+#define MRB_SYMBOL_SHIFT 0
+#define MRB_FIXNUM_MIN MRB_INT_MIN
+#define MRB_FIXNUM_MAX MRB_INT_MAX
+
+union mrb_value_union {
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+  mrb_float f;
+#endif
+  void *p;
+  mrb_int i;
+  mrb_sym sym;
+};
 
 typedef struct mrb_value {
-  union {
-    mrb_float f;
-    void *p;
-    mrb_int i;
-    mrb_sym sym;
-  } value;
+  union mrb_value_union value;
   enum mrb_vtype tt;
 } mrb_value;
 
-#define mrb_float_pool(mrb,f) mrb_float_value(mrb,f)
-
 #define mrb_ptr(o)      (o).value.p
 #define mrb_cptr(o)     mrb_ptr(o)
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 #define mrb_float(o)    (o).value.f
+#endif
 #define mrb_fixnum(o)   (o).value.i
+#define mrb_integer(o)  mrb_fixnum(o)
 #define mrb_symbol(o)   (o).value.sym
 #define mrb_type(o)     (o).tt
 
@@ -38,11 +45,13 @@ typedef struct mrb_value {
 #define SET_FALSE_VALUE(r) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
 #define SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_TRUE, value.i, 1)
 #define SET_BOOL_VALUE(r,b) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, b ? MRB_TT_TRUE : MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_INT_VALUE(r,n) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FIXNUM, value.i, (n))
+#define SET_INT_VALUE(mrb,r,n) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_INTEGER, value.i, (n))
+#define SET_FIXNUM_VALUE(r,n) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_INTEGER, value.i, (n))
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 #define SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb,r,v) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FLOAT, value.f, (v))
+#endif
 #define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,v) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_SYMBOL, value.sym, (v))
 #define SET_OBJ_VALUE(r,v) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, (((struct RObject*)(v))->tt), value.p, (v))
-#define SET_PROC_VALUE(r,v) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_PROC, value.p, v)
 #define SET_CPTR_VALUE(mrb,r,v) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_CPTR, value.p, v)
 #define SET_UNDEF_VALUE(r) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_UNDEF, value.i, 0)
 

include/mruby/boxing_word.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/boxing_word.h - word boxing mrb_value definition
+/**
+** @file mruby/boxing_word.h - word boxing mrb_value definition
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -7,113 +7,199 @@
 #ifndef MRUBY_BOXING_WORD_H
 #define MRUBY_BOXING_WORD_H
 
-#if defined(MRB_INT16)
-# error MRB_INT16 is too small for MRB_WORD_BOXING.
-#endif
-
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
 struct RFloat {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
   mrb_float f;
 };
+#endif
 
-struct RCptr {
+struct RInteger {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
-  void *p;
+  mrb_int i;
 };
 
-#define MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT 1
-#define MRB_TT_HAS_BASIC MRB_TT_FLOAT
-
 enum mrb_special_consts {
-  MRB_Qnil    = 0,
-  MRB_Qfalse  = 2,
-  MRB_Qtrue   = 4,
-  MRB_Qundef  = 6,
+  MRB_Qnil    =  0,
+  MRB_Qfalse  =  4,
+  MRB_Qtrue   = 12,
+  MRB_Qundef  = 20,
 };
 
-#define MRB_FIXNUM_FLAG   0x01
-#define MRB_SYMBOL_FLAG   0x0e
-#define MRB_SPECIAL_SHIFT 8
+#if defined(MRB_64BIT) && defined(MRB_INT32)
+#define MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT        0
+#else
+#define MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT        BOXWORD_FIXNUM_SHIFT
+#endif
+#define MRB_SYMBOL_SHIFT        BOXWORD_SYMBOL_SHIFT
 
-typedef union mrb_value {
-  union {
-    void *p;
-    struct {
-      unsigned int i_flag : MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT;
-      mrb_int i : (MRB_INT_BIT - MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT);
-    };
-    struct {
-      unsigned int sym_flag : MRB_SPECIAL_SHIFT;
-      mrb_sym sym : (sizeof(mrb_sym) * CHAR_BIT);
-    };
-    struct RBasic *bp;
-    struct RFloat *fp;
-    struct RCptr *vp;
-  } value;
-  unsigned long w;
+#if defined(MRB_64BIT) && defined(MRB_INT64)
+# define MRB_FIXNUM_MIN (INT64_MIN>>MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
+# define MRB_FIXNUM_MAX (INT64_MAX>>MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
+#else
+# define MRB_FIXNUM_MIN (INT32_MIN>>MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
+# define MRB_FIXNUM_MAX (INT32_MAX>>MRB_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
+#endif
+
+#define BOXWORD_FIXNUM_BIT_POS  1
+#define BOXWORD_SYMBOL_BIT_POS  2
+#define BOXWORD_FIXNUM_SHIFT    BOXWORD_FIXNUM_BIT_POS
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+#define BOXWORD_SYMBOL_SHIFT    0
+#else
+#define BOXWORD_SYMBOL_SHIFT    BOXWORD_SYMBOL_BIT_POS
+#endif
+#define BOXWORD_FIXNUM_FLAG     (1 << (BOXWORD_FIXNUM_BIT_POS - 1))
+#define BOXWORD_SYMBOL_FLAG     (1 << (BOXWORD_SYMBOL_BIT_POS - 1))
+#define BOXWORD_FIXNUM_MASK     ((1 << BOXWORD_FIXNUM_BIT_POS) - 1)
+#define BOXWORD_SYMBOL_MASK     ((1 << BOXWORD_SYMBOL_BIT_POS) - 1)
+#define BOXWORD_IMMEDIATE_MASK  0x07
+
+#define BOXWORD_SET_SHIFT_VALUE(o,n,v) \
+  ((o).w = (((uintptr_t)(v)) << BOXWORD_##n##_SHIFT) | BOXWORD_##n##_FLAG)
+#define BOXWORD_SHIFT_VALUE_P(o,n) \
+  (((o).w & BOXWORD_##n##_MASK) == BOXWORD_##n##_FLAG)
+#define BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o,n) \
+  (!mrb_immediate_p(o) && mrb_val_union(o).bp->tt == MRB_TT_##n)
+
+/*
+ * mrb_value representation:
+ *
+ *   nil   : ...0000 0000 (all bits are 0)
+ *   false : ...0000 0100 (mrb_fixnum(v) != 0)
+ *   true  : ...0000 1100
+ *   undef : ...0001 0100
+ *   fixnum: ...IIII III1
+ *   symbol: ...SSSS SS10 (use only upper 32-bit as symbol value on 64-bit CPU)
+ *   object: ...PPPP P000 (any bits are 1)
+ */
+typedef struct mrb_value {
+  uintptr_t w;
 } mrb_value;
 
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_cptr_value(struct mrb_state*, void*);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_float_value(struct mrb_state*, mrb_float);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_float_pool(struct mrb_state*, mrb_float);
+union mrb_value_ {
+  void *p;
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+  /* use struct to avoid bit shift. */
+  struct {
+    MRB_ENDIAN_LOHI(
+      mrb_sym sym;
+      ,uint32_t sym_flag;
+    )
+  };
+#endif
+  struct RBasic *bp;
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+  struct RFloat *fp;
+#endif
+  struct RInteger *ip;
+  struct RCptr *vp;
+  uintptr_t w;
+  mrb_value value;
+};
 
-#define mrb_float_pool(mrb,f) mrb_word_boxing_float_pool(mrb,f)
+mrb_static_assert1(sizeof(mrb_value) == sizeof(union mrb_value_));
 
-#define mrb_ptr(o)     (o).value.p
-#define mrb_cptr(o)    (o).value.vp->p
-#define mrb_float(o)   (o).value.fp->f
-#define mrb_fixnum(o)  (o).value.i
-#define mrb_symbol(o)  (o).value.sym
-
-static inline enum mrb_vtype
-mrb_type(mrb_value o)
+static inline union mrb_value_
+mrb_val_union(mrb_value v)
 {
-  switch (o.w) {
-  case MRB_Qfalse:
-  case MRB_Qnil:
-    return MRB_TT_FALSE;
-  case MRB_Qtrue:
-    return MRB_TT_TRUE;
-  case MRB_Qundef:
-    return MRB_TT_UNDEF;
-  }
-  if (o.value.i_flag == MRB_FIXNUM_FLAG) {
-    return MRB_TT_FIXNUM;
-  }
-  if (o.value.sym_flag == MRB_SYMBOL_FLAG) {
-    return MRB_TT_SYMBOL;
-  }
-  return o.value.bp->tt;
+  union mrb_value_ x;
+  x.value = v;
+  return x;
 }
 
-#define mrb_bool(o)    ((o).w != MRB_Qnil && (o).w != MRB_Qfalse)
-#define mrb_fixnum_p(o) ((o).value.i_flag == MRB_FIXNUM_FLAG)
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_cptr_value(struct mrb_state*, void*);
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_float_value(struct mrb_state*, mrb_float);
+#endif
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_int_value(struct mrb_state*, mrb_int);
+
+#define mrb_immediate_p(o) ((o).w & BOXWORD_IMMEDIATE_MASK || (o).w == MRB_Qnil)
+
+#define mrb_ptr(o)     mrb_val_union(o).p
+#define mrb_cptr(o)    mrb_val_union(o).vp->p
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+#define mrb_float(o)   mrb_val_union(o).fp->f
+#endif
+#define mrb_fixnum(o)  (mrb_int)(((intptr_t)(o).w) >> BOXWORD_FIXNUM_SHIFT)
+MRB_INLINE mrb_int
+mrb_integer_func(mrb_value o) {
+  if (mrb_immediate_p(o)) return mrb_fixnum(o);
+  return mrb_val_union(o).ip->i;
+}
+#define mrb_integer(o) mrb_integer_func(o)
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+#define mrb_symbol(o)  mrb_val_union(o).sym
+#else
+#define mrb_symbol(o)  (mrb_sym)(((o).w) >> BOXWORD_SYMBOL_SHIFT)
+#endif
+#define mrb_bool(o)    (((o).w & ~(uintptr_t)MRB_Qfalse) != 0)
+
+#define mrb_fixnum_p(o) BOXWORD_SHIFT_VALUE_P(o, FIXNUM)
+#define mrb_integer_p(o) (BOXWORD_SHIFT_VALUE_P(o, FIXNUM)||BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, INTEGER))
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+#define mrb_symbol_p(o) (mrb_val_union(o).sym_flag == BOXWORD_SYMBOL_FLAG)
+#else
+#define mrb_symbol_p(o) BOXWORD_SHIFT_VALUE_P(o, SYMBOL)
+#endif
 #define mrb_undef_p(o) ((o).w == MRB_Qundef)
 #define mrb_nil_p(o)  ((o).w == MRB_Qnil)
+#define mrb_false_p(o) ((o).w == MRB_Qfalse)
+#define mrb_true_p(o)  ((o).w == MRB_Qtrue)
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+#define mrb_float_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, FLOAT)
+#endif
+#define mrb_array_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, ARRAY)
+#define mrb_string_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, STRING)
+#define mrb_hash_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, HASH)
+#define mrb_cptr_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, CPTR)
+#define mrb_exception_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, EXCEPTION)
+#define mrb_free_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, FREE)
+#define mrb_object_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, OBJECT)
+#define mrb_class_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, CLASS)
+#define mrb_module_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, MODULE)
+#define mrb_iclass_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, ICLASS)
+#define mrb_sclass_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, SCLASS)
+#define mrb_proc_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, PROC)
+#define mrb_range_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, RANGE)
+#define mrb_env_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, ENV)
+#define mrb_data_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, DATA)
+#define mrb_fiber_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, FIBER)
+#define mrb_istruct_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, ISTRUCT)
+#define mrb_break_p(o) BOXWORD_OBJ_TYPE_P(o, BREAK)
 
-#define BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(o, ttt, attr, v) do {\
-  (o).w = 0;\
-  (o).attr = (v);\
-  switch (ttt) {\
-  case MRB_TT_FALSE:  (o).w = (v) ? MRB_Qfalse : MRB_Qnil; break;\
-  case MRB_TT_TRUE:   (o).w = MRB_Qtrue; break;\
-  case MRB_TT_UNDEF:  (o).w = MRB_Qundef; break;\
-  case MRB_TT_FIXNUM: (o).value.i_flag = MRB_FIXNUM_FLAG; break;\
-  case MRB_TT_SYMBOL: (o).value.sym_flag = MRB_SYMBOL_FLAG; break;\
-  default:            if ((o).value.bp) (o).value.bp->tt = ttt; break;\
-  }\
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+#define SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb,r,v) ((r) = mrb_word_boxing_float_value(mrb, v))
+#endif
+#define SET_CPTR_VALUE(mrb,r,v) ((r) = mrb_word_boxing_cptr_value(mrb, v))
+#define SET_UNDEF_VALUE(r) ((r).w = MRB_Qundef)
+#define SET_NIL_VALUE(r) ((r).w = MRB_Qnil)
+#define SET_FALSE_VALUE(r) ((r).w = MRB_Qfalse)
+#define SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) ((r).w = MRB_Qtrue)
+#define SET_BOOL_VALUE(r,b) ((b) ? SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) : SET_FALSE_VALUE(r))
+#define SET_INT_VALUE(mrb,r,n) ((r) = mrb_word_boxing_int_value(mrb, n))
+#define SET_FIXNUM_VALUE(r,n) BOXWORD_SET_SHIFT_VALUE(r, FIXNUM, n)
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+#define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,v) do {\
+  union mrb_value_ mrb_value_union_variable;\
+  mrb_value_union_variable.sym = v;\
+  mrb_value_union_variable.sym_flag = BOXWORD_SYMBOL_FLAG;\
+  (r) = mrb_value_union_variable.value;\
 } while (0)
+#else
+#define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,n) BOXWORD_SET_SHIFT_VALUE(r, SYMBOL, n)
+#endif
+#define SET_OBJ_VALUE(r,v) ((r).w = (uintptr_t)(v))
 
-#define SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb,r,v) r = mrb_word_boxing_float_value(mrb, v)
-#define SET_CPTR_VALUE(mrb,r,v) r = mrb_word_boxing_cptr_value(mrb, v)
-#define SET_NIL_VALUE(r) BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 0)
-#define SET_FALSE_VALUE(r) BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_TRUE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_BOOL_VALUE(r,b) BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(r, b ? MRB_TT_TRUE : MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_INT_VALUE(r,n) BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FIXNUM, value.i, (n))
-#define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,v) BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_SYMBOL, value.sym, (v))
-#define SET_OBJ_VALUE(r,v) BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(r, (((struct RObject*)(v))->tt), value.p, (v))
-#define SET_PROC_VALUE(r,v) BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_PROC, value.p, v)
-#define SET_UNDEF_VALUE(r) BOXWORD_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_UNDEF, value.i, 0)
+MRB_INLINE enum mrb_vtype
+mrb_type(mrb_value o)
+{
+  return !mrb_bool(o)    ? MRB_TT_FALSE :
+         mrb_true_p(o)   ? MRB_TT_TRUE :
+         mrb_fixnum_p(o) ? MRB_TT_INTEGER :
+         mrb_symbol_p(o) ? MRB_TT_SYMBOL :
+         mrb_undef_p(o)  ? MRB_TT_UNDEF :
+         mrb_val_union(o).bp->tt;
+}
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_BOXING_WORD_H */

include/mruby/class.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/class.h - Class class
+/**
+** @file mruby/class.h - Class class
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -7,23 +7,23 @@
 #ifndef MRUBY_CLASS_H
 #define MRUBY_CLASS_H
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-extern "C" {
-#endif
+#include "common.h"
+
+/**
+ * Class class
+ */
+MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
 struct RClass {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
   struct iv_tbl *iv;
-  struct kh_mt *mt;
+  struct mt_tbl *mt;
   struct RClass *super;
 };
 
 #define mrb_class_ptr(v)    ((struct RClass*)(mrb_ptr(v)))
-#define RCLASS_SUPER(v)     (((struct RClass*)(mrb_ptr(v)))->super)
-#define RCLASS_IV_TBL(v)    (((struct RClass*)(mrb_ptr(v)))->iv)
-#define RCLASS_M_TBL(v)     (((struct RClass*)(mrb_ptr(v)))->mt)
 
-static inline struct RClass*
+MRB_INLINE struct RClass*
 mrb_class(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value v)
 {
   switch (mrb_type(v)) {
@@ -35,10 +35,12 @@ mrb_class(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value v)
     return mrb->true_class;
   case MRB_TT_SYMBOL:
     return mrb->symbol_class;
-  case MRB_TT_FIXNUM:
-    return mrb->fixnum_class;
+  case MRB_TT_INTEGER:
+    return mrb->integer_class;
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
   case MRB_TT_FLOAT:
     return mrb->float_class;
+#endif
   case MRB_TT_CPTR:
     return mrb->object_class;
   case MRB_TT_ENV:
@@ -48,30 +50,59 @@ mrb_class(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value v)
   }
 }
 
-#define MRB_SET_INSTANCE_TT(c, tt) c->flags = ((c->flags & ~0xff) | (char)tt)
-#define MRB_INSTANCE_TT(c) (enum mrb_vtype)(c->flags & 0xff)
+/* flags:
+   20: frozen
+   19: is_prepended
+   18: is_origin
+   17: is_inherited (used by method cache)
+   16: unused
+   0-15: instance type
+*/
+#define MRB_FL_CLASS_IS_PREPENDED (1 << 19)
+#define MRB_FL_CLASS_IS_ORIGIN (1 << 18)
+#define MRB_CLASS_ORIGIN(c) do {\
+  if ((c)->flags & MRB_FL_CLASS_IS_PREPENDED) {\
+    (c) = (c)->super;\
+    while (!((c)->flags & MRB_FL_CLASS_IS_ORIGIN)) {\
+      (c) = (c)->super;\
+    }\
+  }\
+} while (0)
+#define MRB_FL_CLASS_IS_INHERITED (1 << 17)
+#define MRB_INSTANCE_TT_MASK (0xFF)
+#define MRB_SET_INSTANCE_TT(c, tt) ((c)->flags = (((c)->flags & ~MRB_INSTANCE_TT_MASK) | (char)(tt)))
+#define MRB_INSTANCE_TT(c) (enum mrb_vtype)((c)->flags & MRB_INSTANCE_TT_MASK)
 
-MRB_API struct RClass* mrb_define_class_id(mrb_state*, mrb_sym, struct RClass*);
-MRB_API struct RClass* mrb_define_module_id(mrb_state*, mrb_sym);
-MRB_API struct RClass *mrb_vm_define_class(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_value, mrb_sym);
-MRB_API struct RClass *mrb_vm_define_module(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_sym);
-MRB_API void mrb_define_method_vm(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, mrb_sym, mrb_value);
-MRB_API void mrb_define_method_raw(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, mrb_sym, struct RProc *);
-MRB_API void mrb_define_method_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, mrb_sym mid, mrb_func_t func, mrb_aspec aspec);
-MRB_API void mrb_alias_method(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, mrb_sym a, mrb_sym b);
+struct RClass *mrb_vm_define_class(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_value, mrb_sym);
+struct RClass *mrb_vm_define_module(mrb_state*, mrb_value, mrb_sym);
+MRB_API void mrb_define_method_raw(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, mrb_sym, mrb_method_t);
+MRB_API void mrb_alias_method(mrb_state*, struct RClass *c, mrb_sym a, mrb_sym b);
+MRB_API void mrb_remove_method(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, mrb_sym sym);
 
-MRB_API struct RClass *mrb_class_outer_module(mrb_state*, struct RClass *);
-MRB_API struct RProc *mrb_method_search_vm(mrb_state*, struct RClass**, mrb_sym);
-MRB_API struct RProc *mrb_method_search(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, mrb_sym);
+MRB_API mrb_method_t mrb_method_search_vm(mrb_state*, struct RClass**, mrb_sym);
+MRB_API mrb_method_t mrb_method_search(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, mrb_sym);
 
 MRB_API struct RClass* mrb_class_real(struct RClass* cl);
+mrb_value mrb_instance_new(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value cv);
 
+void mrb_class_name_class(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, struct RClass*, mrb_sym);
+mrb_bool mrb_const_name_p(mrb_state*, const char*, mrb_int);
+mrb_value mrb_class_find_path(mrb_state*, struct RClass*);
+mrb_value mrb_mod_to_s(mrb_state*, mrb_value);
 void mrb_gc_mark_mt(mrb_state*, struct RClass*);
 size_t mrb_gc_mark_mt_size(mrb_state*, struct RClass*);
 void mrb_gc_free_mt(mrb_state*, struct RClass*);
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-}  /* extern "C" { */
+#ifndef MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
+void mrb_mc_clear_by_class(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass* c);
+#else
+#define mrb_mc_clear_by_class(mrb,c)
 #endif
 
+/* return non zero to break the loop */
+typedef int (mrb_mt_foreach_func)(mrb_state*,mrb_sym,mrb_method_t,void*);
+MRB_API void mrb_mt_foreach(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, mrb_mt_foreach_func*, void*);
+
+MRB_END_DECL
+
 #endif  /* MRUBY_CLASS_H */

include/mruby/common.h

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/**
+** @file common.h - mruby common platform definition"
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef MRUBY_COMMON_H
+#define MRUBY_COMMON_H
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+  #ifndef __TARGETCONDITIONALS__
+  #include "TargetConditionals.h"
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#ifdef MRB_USE_CXX_ABI
+#define MRB_BEGIN_DECL
+#define MRB_END_DECL
+#else
+# define MRB_BEGIN_DECL extern "C" {
+# define MRB_END_DECL }
+#endif
+#else
+/** Start declarations in C mode */
+# define MRB_BEGIN_DECL
+/** End declarations in C mode */
+# define MRB_END_DECL
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Shared compiler macros
+ */
+MRB_BEGIN_DECL
+
+/** Declare a function that never returns. */
+#if defined __STDC_VERSION__ && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L
+# define mrb_noreturn _Noreturn
+#elif defined __GNUC__ && !defined __STRICT_ANSI__
+# define mrb_noreturn __attribute__((noreturn))
+#elif defined _MSC_VER
+# define mrb_noreturn __declspec(noreturn)
+#else
+# define mrb_noreturn
+#endif
+
+/** Mark a function as deprecated. */
+#if defined __GNUC__ && !defined __STRICT_ANSI__
+# define mrb_deprecated __attribute__((deprecated))
+#elif defined _MSC_VER
+# define mrb_deprecated __declspec(deprecated)
+#else
+# define mrb_deprecated
+#endif
+
+/** Declare a function as always inlined. */
+#if defined _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER < 1900
+# ifndef __cplusplus
+#  define inline __inline
+# endif
+#endif
+#define MRB_INLINE static inline
+
+/** Declare a public MRuby API function. */
+#ifndef MRB_API
+#if defined(MRB_BUILD_AS_DLL)
+#if defined(MRB_CORE) || defined(MRB_LIB)
+# define MRB_API __declspec(dllexport)
+#else
+# define MRB_API __declspec(dllimport)
+#endif
+#else
+# define MRB_API extern
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/** Declare mingw versions */
+#if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+# include <_mingw.h>
+# if defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)
+#  define MRB_MINGW64_VERSION  (__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR * 1000 + __MINGW64_VERSION_MINOR)
+# elif defined(__MINGW32_MAJOR_VERSION)
+#  define MRB_MINGW32_VERSION  (__MINGW32_MAJOR_VERSION * 1000 + __MINGW32_MINOR_VERSION)
+# endif
+# if defined(__MINGW32__) && !defined(__MINGW64__)
+#   define MRB_MINGW32_LEGACY
+# endif
+#endif
+
+MRB_END_DECL
+
+#endif  /* MRUBY_COMMON_H */

include/mruby/compile.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/compile.h - mruby parser
+/**
+** @file mruby/compile.h - mruby parser
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -7,11 +7,14 @@
 #ifndef MRUBY_COMPILE_H
 #define MRUBY_COMPILE_H
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-extern "C" {
-#endif
+#include "common.h"
 
-#include "mruby.h"
+/**
+ * MRuby Compiler
+ */
+MRB_BEGIN_DECL
+
+#include <mruby.h>
 
 struct mrb_jmpbuf;
 
@@ -21,7 +24,7 @@ typedef struct mrbc_context {
   mrb_sym *syms;
   int slen;
   char *filename;
-  short lineno;
+  uint16_t lineno;
   int (*partial_hook)(struct mrb_parser_state*);
   void *partial_data;
   struct RClass *target_class;
@@ -30,14 +33,16 @@ typedef struct mrbc_context {
   mrb_bool no_exec:1;
   mrb_bool keep_lv:1;
   mrb_bool no_optimize:1;
+  const struct RProc *upper;
+
+  size_t parser_nerr;
 } mrbc_context;
 
 MRB_API mrbc_context* mrbc_context_new(mrb_state *mrb);
 MRB_API void mrbc_context_free(mrb_state *mrb, mrbc_context *cxt);
 MRB_API const char *mrbc_filename(mrb_state *mrb, mrbc_context *c, const char *s);
 MRB_API void mrbc_partial_hook(mrb_state *mrb, mrbc_context *c, int (*partial_hook)(struct mrb_parser_state*), void*data);
-
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_toplevel_run_keep(mrb_state*, struct RProc*, unsigned int);
+MRB_API void mrbc_cleanup_local_variables(mrb_state *mrb, mrbc_context *c);
 
 /* AST node structure */
 typedef struct mrb_ast_node {
@@ -55,15 +60,15 @@ enum mrb_lex_state_enum {
   EXPR_CMDARG,                /* newline significant, +/- is an operator. */
   EXPR_MID,                   /* newline significant, +/- is an operator. */
   EXPR_FNAME,                 /* ignore newline, no reserved words. */
-  EXPR_DOT,                   /* right after `.' or `::', no reserved words. */
-  EXPR_CLASS,                 /* immediate after `class', no here document. */
+  EXPR_DOT,                   /* right after '.' or '::', no reserved words. */
+  EXPR_CLASS,                 /* immediate after 'class', no here document. */
   EXPR_VALUE,                 /* alike EXPR_BEG but label is disallowed. */
   EXPR_MAX_STATE
 };
 
 /* saved error message */
 struct mrb_parser_message {
-  int lineno;
+  uint16_t lineno;
   int column;
   char* message;
 };
@@ -94,6 +99,9 @@ enum mrb_string_type {
 /* heredoc structure */
 struct mrb_parser_heredoc_info {
   mrb_bool allow_indent:1;
+  mrb_bool remove_indent:1;
+  size_t indent;
+  mrb_ast_node *indented;
   mrb_bool line_head:1;
   enum mrb_string_type type;
   const char *term;
@@ -101,7 +109,8 @@ struct mrb_parser_heredoc_info {
   mrb_ast_node *doc;
 };
 
-#define MRB_PARSER_BUF_SIZE 1024
+#define MRB_PARSER_TOKBUF_MAX (UINT16_MAX-1)
+#define MRB_PARSER_TOKBUF_SIZE 256
 
 /* parser structure */
 struct mrb_parser_state {
@@ -109,12 +118,13 @@ struct mrb_parser_state {
   struct mrb_pool *pool;
   mrb_ast_node *cells;
   const char *s, *send;
-#ifdef ENABLE_STDIO
+#ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
+  /* If both f and s are non-null, it will be taken preferentially from s until s < send. */
   FILE *f;
 #endif
   mrbc_context *cxt;
-  char const *filename;
-  int lineno;
+  mrb_sym filename_sym;
+  uint16_t lineno;
   int column;
 
   enum mrb_lex_state_enum lstate;
@@ -129,14 +139,15 @@ struct mrb_parser_state {
   mrb_ast_node *locals;
 
   mrb_ast_node *pb;
-  char buf[MRB_PARSER_BUF_SIZE];
-  int bidx;
+  char *tokbuf;
+  char buf[MRB_PARSER_TOKBUF_SIZE];
+  int tidx;
+  int tsiz;
 
-  mrb_ast_node *all_heredocs;	/* list of mrb_parser_heredoc_info* */
+  mrb_ast_node *all_heredocs; /* list of mrb_parser_heredoc_info* */
   mrb_ast_node *heredocs_from_nextline;
   mrb_ast_node *parsing_heredoc;
   mrb_ast_node *lex_strterm_before_heredoc;
-  mrb_bool heredoc_end_now:1; /* for mirb */
 
   void *ylval;
 
@@ -146,14 +157,16 @@ struct mrb_parser_state {
 
   mrb_bool no_optimize:1;
   mrb_bool capture_errors:1;
+  const struct RProc *upper;
   struct mrb_parser_message error_buffer[10];
   struct mrb_parser_message warn_buffer[10];
 
   mrb_sym* filename_table;
-  size_t filename_table_length;
-  int current_filename_index;
+  uint16_t filename_table_length;
+  uint16_t current_filename_index;
 
   struct mrb_jmpbuf* jmp;
+  mrb_ast_node *nvars;
 };
 
 MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parser_new(mrb_state*);
@@ -161,30 +174,37 @@ MRB_API void mrb_parser_free(struct mrb_parser_state*);
 MRB_API void mrb_parser_parse(struct mrb_parser_state*,mrbc_context*);
 
 MRB_API void mrb_parser_set_filename(struct mrb_parser_state*, char const*);
-MRB_API char const* mrb_parser_get_filename(struct mrb_parser_state*, uint16_t idx);
+MRB_API mrb_sym mrb_parser_get_filename(struct mrb_parser_state*, uint16_t idx);
 
 /* utility functions */
-#ifdef ENABLE_STDIO
+#ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
 MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parse_file(mrb_state*,FILE*,mrbc_context*);
 #endif
 MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parse_string(mrb_state*,const char*,mrbc_context*);
-MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parse_nstring(mrb_state*,const char*,int,mrbc_context*);
+MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parse_nstring(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t,mrbc_context*);
 MRB_API struct RProc* mrb_generate_code(mrb_state*, struct mrb_parser_state*);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_exec(mrb_state *mrb, struct mrb_parser_state *p, mrbc_context *c);
 
-/* program load functions */
-#ifdef ENABLE_STDIO
+/** program load functions
+* Please note! Currently due to interactions with the GC calling these functions will
+* leak one RProc object per function call.
+* To prevent this save the current memory arena before calling and restore the arena
+* right after, like so
+* int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb);
+* mrb_value status = mrb_load_string(mrb, buffer);
+* mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+*/
+#ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_file(mrb_state*,FILE*);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_file_cxt(mrb_state*,FILE*, mrbc_context *cxt);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_detect_file_cxt(mrb_state *mrb, FILE *fp, mrbc_context *c);
 #endif
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_string(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_nstring(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s, int len);
-#ifdef ENABLE_STDIO
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_file_cxt(mrb_state*,FILE*, mrbc_context *cxt);
-#endif
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_nstring(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s, size_t len);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_string_cxt(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s, mrbc_context *cxt);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_nstring_cxt(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s, int len, mrbc_context *cxt);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_nstring_cxt(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s, size_t len, mrbc_context *cxt);
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-}  /* extern "C" { */
-#endif
+/** @} */
+MRB_END_DECL
 
 #endif /* MRUBY_COMPILE_H */

include/mruby/data.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/data.h - Data class
+/**
+** @file mruby/data.h - Data class
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -7,12 +7,23 @@
 #ifndef MRUBY_DATA_H
 #define MRUBY_DATA_H
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-extern "C" {
-#endif
+#include "common.h"
 
+/**
+ * Custom C wrapped data.
+ *
+ * Defining Ruby wrappers around native objects.
+ */
+MRB_BEGIN_DECL
+
+/**
+ * Custom data type description.
+ */
 typedef struct mrb_data_type {
+  /** data type name */
   const char *struct_name;
+
+  /** data type release function pointer */
   void (*dfree)(mrb_state *mrb, void*);
 } mrb_data_type;
 
@@ -28,10 +39,11 @@ MRB_API struct RData *mrb_data_object_alloc(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass* klass
 #define Data_Wrap_Struct(mrb,klass,type,ptr)\
   mrb_data_object_alloc(mrb,klass,ptr,type)
 
-#define Data_Make_Struct(mrb,klass,strct,type,sval,data) do { \
-  sval = mrb_malloc(mrb, sizeof(strct));                     \
-  { static const strct zero = { 0 }; *sval = zero; };\
-  data = Data_Wrap_Struct(mrb,klass,type,sval);\
+#define Data_Make_Struct(mrb,klass,strct,type,sval,data_obj) do { \
+  (data_obj) = Data_Wrap_Struct(mrb,klass,type,NULL);\
+  (sval) = (strct *)mrb_malloc(mrb, sizeof(strct));                     \
+  { static const strct zero = { 0 }; *(sval) = zero; };\
+  (data_obj)->data = (sval);\
 } while (0)
 
 #define RDATA(obj)         ((struct RData *)(mrb_ptr(obj)))
@@ -51,16 +63,14 @@ MRB_API void *mrb_data_check_get_ptr(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value, const mrb_data_t
   *(void**)&sval = mrb_data_get_ptr(mrb, obj, type); \
 } while (0)
 
-static inline void
+MRB_INLINE void
 mrb_data_init(mrb_value v, void *ptr, const mrb_data_type *type)
 {
-  mrb_assert(mrb_type(v) == MRB_TT_DATA);
+  mrb_assert(mrb_data_p(v));
   DATA_PTR(v) = ptr;
   DATA_TYPE(v) = type;
 }
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-}  /* extern "C" { */
-#endif
+MRB_END_DECL
 
 #endif /* MRUBY_DATA_H */

include/mruby/debug.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/debug.h - mruby debug info
+/**
+** @file mruby/debug.h - mruby debug info
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -7,9 +7,12 @@
 #ifndef MRUBY_DEBUG_H
 #define MRUBY_DEBUG_H
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-extern "C" {
-#endif
+#include "common.h"
+
+/**
+ * MRuby Debugging.
+ */
+MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
 typedef enum mrb_debug_line_type {
   mrb_debug_line_ary = 0,
@@ -23,7 +26,6 @@ typedef struct mrb_irep_debug_info_line {
 
 typedef struct mrb_irep_debug_info_file {
   uint32_t start_pos;
-  const char *filename;
   mrb_sym filename_sym;
   uint32_t line_entry_count;
   mrb_debug_line_type line_type;
@@ -44,22 +46,21 @@ typedef struct mrb_irep_debug_info {
  * get line from irep's debug info and program counter
  * @return returns NULL if not found
  */
-MRB_API const char *mrb_debug_get_filename(mrb_irep *irep, uint32_t pc);
+MRB_API const char *mrb_debug_get_filename(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep *irep, uint32_t pc);
 
 /*
  * get line from irep's debug info and program counter
  * @return returns -1 if not found
  */
-MRB_API int32_t mrb_debug_get_line(mrb_irep *irep, uint32_t pc);
+MRB_API int32_t mrb_debug_get_line(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep *irep, uint32_t pc);
 
-MRB_API mrb_irep_debug_info_file *mrb_debug_info_append_file(
-    mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep *irep,
-    uint32_t start_pos, uint32_t end_pos);
 MRB_API mrb_irep_debug_info *mrb_debug_info_alloc(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep *irep);
+MRB_API mrb_irep_debug_info_file *mrb_debug_info_append_file(
+    mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep_debug_info *info,
+    const char *filename, uint16_t *lines,
+    uint32_t start_pos, uint32_t end_pos);
 MRB_API void mrb_debug_info_free(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep_debug_info *d);
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-}  /* extern "C" { */
-#endif
+MRB_END_DECL
 
 #endif /* MRUBY_DEBUG_H */

include/mruby/dump.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/dump.h - mruby binary dumper (mrbc binary format)
+/**
+** @file mruby/dump.h - mruby binary dumper (mrbc binary format)
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -7,22 +7,28 @@
 #ifndef MRUBY_DUMP_H
 #define MRUBY_DUMP_H
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-extern "C" {
-#endif
+#include <mruby.h>
+#include <mruby/irep.h>
+#include "common.h"
 
-#include "mruby.h"
-#include "mruby/irep.h"
+/**
+ * Dumping compiled mruby script.
+ */
+MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
-int mrb_dump_irep(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep *irep, int debug_info, uint8_t **bin, size_t *bin_size);
-#ifdef ENABLE_STDIO
-int mrb_dump_irep_binary(mrb_state*, mrb_irep*, int, FILE*);
-int mrb_dump_irep_cfunc(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep*, int, FILE *f, const char *initname);
+#define DUMP_DEBUG_INFO 1
+
+int mrb_dump_irep(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep *irep, uint8_t flags, uint8_t **bin, size_t *bin_size);
+#ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
+int mrb_dump_irep_binary(mrb_state*, const mrb_irep*, uint8_t, FILE*);
+int mrb_dump_irep_cfunc(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep*, uint8_t flags, FILE *f, const char *initname);
+int mrb_dump_irep_cstruct(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep*, uint8_t flags, FILE *f, const char *initname);
 mrb_irep *mrb_read_irep_file(mrb_state*, FILE*);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_irep_file(mrb_state*,FILE*);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_irep_file_cxt(mrb_state*, FILE*, mrbc_context*);
 #endif
 MRB_API mrb_irep *mrb_read_irep(mrb_state*, const uint8_t*);
+MRB_API mrb_irep *mrb_read_irep_buf(mrb_state*, const void*, size_t);
 
 /* dump/load error code
  *
@@ -33,36 +39,39 @@ MRB_API mrb_irep *mrb_read_irep(mrb_state*, const uint8_t*);
 #define MRB_DUMP_GENERAL_FAILURE      (-1)
 #define MRB_DUMP_WRITE_FAULT          (-2)
 #define MRB_DUMP_READ_FAULT           (-3)
-#define MRB_DUMP_CRC_ERROR            (-4)
-#define MRB_DUMP_INVALID_FILE_HEADER  (-5)
-#define MRB_DUMP_INVALID_IREP         (-6)
-#define MRB_DUMP_INVALID_ARGUMENT     (-7)
+#define MRB_DUMP_INVALID_FILE_HEADER  (-4)
+#define MRB_DUMP_INVALID_IREP         (-5)
+#define MRB_DUMP_INVALID_ARGUMENT     (-6)
 
 /* null symbol length */
 #define MRB_DUMP_NULL_SYM_LEN         0xFFFF
 
 /* Rite Binary File header */
-#define RITE_BINARY_IDENTIFIER         "RITE"
-#define RITE_BINARY_FORMAT_VER         "0003"
+#define RITE_BINARY_IDENT              "RITE"
+/* Binary Format Version Major:Minor */
+/*   Major: Incompatible to prior versions */
+/*   Minor: Upper-compatible to prior versions */
+#define RITE_BINARY_MAJOR_VER          "02"
+#define RITE_BINARY_MINOR_VER          "00"
+#define RITE_BINARY_FORMAT_VER         RITE_BINARY_MAJOR_VER RITE_BINARY_MINOR_VER
 #define RITE_COMPILER_NAME             "MATZ"
 #define RITE_COMPILER_VERSION          "0000"
 
-#define RITE_VM_VER                    "0000"
+#define RITE_VM_VER                    "0300"
 
 #define RITE_BINARY_EOF                "END\0"
-#define RITE_SECTION_IREP_IDENTIFIER   "IREP"
-#define RITE_SECTION_LINENO_IDENTIFIER "LINE"
-#define RITE_SECTION_DEBUG_IDENTIFIER  "DBG\0"
-#define RITE_SECTION_LV_IDENTIFIER     "LVAR"
+#define RITE_SECTION_IREP_IDENT        "IREP"
+#define RITE_SECTION_DEBUG_IDENT       "DBG\0"
+#define RITE_SECTION_LV_IDENT          "LVAR"
 
 #define MRB_DUMP_DEFAULT_STR_LEN      128
 #define MRB_DUMP_ALIGNMENT            sizeof(uint32_t)
 
 /* binary header */
 struct rite_binary_header {
-  uint8_t binary_identify[4]; /* Binary Identifier */
-  uint8_t binary_version[4];  /* Binary Format Version */
-  uint8_t binary_crc[2];      /* Binary CRC */
+  uint8_t binary_ident[4];    /* Binary Identifier */
+  uint8_t major_version[2];   /* Binary Format Major Version */
+  uint8_t minor_version[2];   /* Binary Format Minor Version */
   uint8_t binary_size[4];     /* Binary Size */
   uint8_t compiler_name[4];   /* Compiler name */
   uint8_t compiler_version[4];
@@ -70,7 +79,7 @@ struct rite_binary_header {
 
 /* section header */
 #define RITE_SECTION_HEADER \
-  uint8_t section_identify[4]; \
+  uint8_t section_ident[4]; \
   uint8_t section_size[4]
 
 struct rite_section_header {
@@ -83,10 +92,6 @@ struct rite_section_irep_header {
   uint8_t rite_version[4];    /* Rite Instruction Specification Version */
 };
 
-struct rite_section_lineno_header {
-  RITE_SECTION_HEADER;
-};
-
 struct rite_section_debug_header {
   RITE_SECTION_HEADER;
 };
@@ -148,12 +153,6 @@ bin_to_uint8(const uint8_t *bin)
   return (uint8_t)bin[0];
 }
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-}  /* extern "C" { */
-#endif
-
-/* crc.c */
-uint16_t
-calc_crc_16_ccitt(const uint8_t *src, size_t nbytes, uint16_t crc);
+MRB_END_DECL
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_DUMP_H */

include/mruby/endian.h

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**
+** @file mruby/endian.h - detect endian-ness
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef MRUBY_ENDIAN_H
+#define MRUBY_ENDIAN_H
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+MRB_BEGIN_DECL
+
+#if !defined(BYTE_ORDER) && defined(__BYTE_ORDER__)
+# define BYTE_ORDER __BYTE_ORDER__
+#endif
+#if !defined(BIG_ENDIAN) && defined(__ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
+# define BIG_ENDIAN __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
+#endif
+#if !defined(LITTLE_ENDIAN) && defined(__ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__)
+# define LITTLE_ENDIAN __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
+#endif
+
+#ifdef BYTE_ORDER
+# if BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN
+#  define littleendian 0
+# elif BYTE_ORDER == LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#  define littleendian 1
+# endif
+#endif
+#ifndef littleendian
+/* can't distinguish endian in compile time */
+static inline int
+check_little_endian(void)
+{
+  unsigned int n = 1;
+  return (*(unsigned char *)&n == 1);
+}
+#  define littleendian check_little_endian()
+#endif
+
+MRB_END_DECL
+
+#endif  /* MRUBY_ENDIAN_H */

include/mruby/error.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/error.h - Exception class
+/**
+** @file mruby/error.h - Exception class
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -7,9 +7,12 @@
 #ifndef MRUBY_ERROR_H
 #define MRUBY_ERROR_H
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-extern "C" {
-#endif
+#include "common.h"
+
+/**
+ * MRuby error handling.
+ */
+MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
 struct RException {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
@@ -20,17 +23,115 @@ struct RException {
 
 MRB_API void mrb_sys_fail(mrb_state *mrb, const char *mesg);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_exc_new_str(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass* c, mrb_value str);
-#define mrb_exc_new_str_lit(mrb, c, lit) mrb_exc_new_str(mrb, c, mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, lit))
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_make_exception(mrb_state *mrb, int argc, const mrb_value *argv);
+#define mrb_exc_new_lit(mrb, c, lit) mrb_exc_new_str(mrb, c, mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, lit))
+#define mrb_exc_new_str_lit(mrb, c, lit) mrb_exc_new_lit(mrb, c, lit)
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_make_exception(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_exc_backtrace(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value exc);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_get_backtrace(mrb_state *mrb);
-MRB_API mrb_noreturn void mrb_no_method_error(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_sym id, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv, const char *fmt, ...);
+MRB_API mrb_noreturn void mrb_no_method_error(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_sym id, mrb_value args, const char *fmt, ...);
 
-/* declaration for fail method */
+/* declaration for `fail` method */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_f_raise(mrb_state*, mrb_value);
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-}  /* extern "C" { */
-#endif
+#if defined(MRB_64BIT) || defined(MRB_USE_FLOAT32) || defined(MRB_NAN_BOXING) || defined(MRB_WORD_BOXING)
+struct RBreak {
+  MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
+  const struct RProc *proc;
+  mrb_value val;
+};
+#define mrb_break_value_get(brk) ((brk)->val)
+#define mrb_break_value_set(brk, v) ((brk)->val = v)
+#else
+struct RBreak {
+  MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
+  const struct RProc *proc;
+  union mrb_value_union value;
+};
+#define RBREAK_VALUE_TT_MASK ((1 << 8) - 1)
+static inline mrb_value
+mrb_break_value_get(struct RBreak *brk)
+{
+  mrb_value val;
+  val.value = brk->value;
+  val.tt = (enum mrb_vtype)(brk->flags & RBREAK_VALUE_TT_MASK);
+  return val;
+}
+static inline void
+mrb_break_value_set(struct RBreak *brk, mrb_value val)
+{
+  brk->value = val.value;
+  brk->flags &= ~RBREAK_VALUE_TT_MASK;
+  brk->flags |= val.tt;
+}
+#endif  /* MRB_64BIT || MRB_USE_FLOAT32 || MRB_NAN_BOXING || MRB_WORD_BOXING */
+#define mrb_break_proc_get(brk) ((brk)->proc)
+#define mrb_break_proc_set(brk, p) ((brk)->proc = p)
+
+#define RBREAK_TAG_FOREACH(f) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_BREAK, 0) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_BREAK_UPPER, 1) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_BREAK_INTARGET, 2) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_RETURN_BLOCK, 3) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_RETURN, 4) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_RETURN_TOPLEVEL, 5) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_JUMP, 6) \
+  f(RBREAK_TAG_STOP, 7)
+
+#define RBREAK_TAG_DEFINE(tag, i) tag = i,
+enum {
+  RBREAK_TAG_FOREACH(RBREAK_TAG_DEFINE)
+};
+#undef RBREAK_TAG_DEFINE
+
+#define RBREAK_TAG_BIT          3
+#define RBREAK_TAG_BIT_OFF      8
+#define RBREAK_TAG_MASK         (~(~UINT32_C(0) << RBREAK_TAG_BIT))
+
+static inline uint32_t
+mrb_break_tag_get(struct RBreak *brk)
+{
+  return (brk->flags >> RBREAK_TAG_BIT_OFF) & RBREAK_TAG_MASK;
+}
+
+static inline void
+mrb_break_tag_set(struct RBreak *brk, uint32_t tag)
+{
+  brk->flags &= ~(RBREAK_TAG_MASK << RBREAK_TAG_BIT_OFF);
+  brk->flags |= (tag & RBREAK_TAG_MASK) << RBREAK_TAG_BIT_OFF;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Protect
+ *
+ * Implemented in the mruby-error mrbgem
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_protect(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t body, mrb_value data, mrb_bool *state);
+
+/**
+ * Ensure
+ *
+ * Implemented in the mruby-error mrbgem
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ensure(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t body, mrb_value b_data,
+                             mrb_func_t ensure, mrb_value e_data);
+
+/**
+ * Rescue
+ *
+ * Implemented in the mruby-error mrbgem
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_rescue(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t body, mrb_value b_data,
+                             mrb_func_t rescue, mrb_value r_data);
+
+/**
+ * Rescue exception
+ *
+ * Implemented in the mruby-error mrbgem
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_rescue_exceptions(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_func_t body, mrb_value b_data,
+                                        mrb_func_t rescue, mrb_value r_data,
+                                        mrb_int len, struct RClass **classes);
+
+MRB_END_DECL
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_ERROR_H */

include/mruby/gc.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/gc.h - garbage collector for mruby
+/**
+** @file mruby/gc.h - garbage collector for mruby
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -7,16 +7,86 @@
 #ifndef MRUBY_GC_H
 #define MRUBY_GC_H
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-extern "C" {
+#include "common.h"
+
+/**
+ * Uncommon memory management stuffs.
+ */
+MRB_BEGIN_DECL
+
+
+struct mrb_state;
+
+#define MRB_EACH_OBJ_OK 0
+#define MRB_EACH_OBJ_BREAK 1
+typedef int (mrb_each_object_callback)(struct mrb_state *mrb, struct RBasic *obj, void *data);
+void mrb_objspace_each_objects(struct mrb_state *mrb, mrb_each_object_callback *callback, void *data);
+size_t mrb_objspace_page_slot_size(void);
+MRB_API void mrb_free_context(struct mrb_state *mrb, struct mrb_context *c);
+
+#ifndef MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE
+#define MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE 100
 #endif
 
-typedef void (mrb_each_object_callback)(mrb_state *mrb, struct RBasic *obj, void *data);
-void mrb_objspace_each_objects(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_each_object_callback *callback, void *data);
-MRB_API void mrb_free_context(mrb_state *mrb, struct mrb_context *c);
+typedef enum {
+  MRB_GC_STATE_ROOT = 0,
+  MRB_GC_STATE_MARK,
+  MRB_GC_STATE_SWEEP
+} mrb_gc_state;
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-}  /* extern "C" { */
+/* Disable MSVC warning "C4200: nonstandard extension used: zero-sized array
+ * in struct/union" when in C++ mode */
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4200)
 #endif
 
+typedef struct mrb_heap_page {
+  struct RBasic *freelist;
+  struct mrb_heap_page *prev;
+  struct mrb_heap_page *next;
+  struct mrb_heap_page *free_next;
+  struct mrb_heap_page *free_prev;
+  mrb_bool old:1;
+  void *objects[];
+} mrb_heap_page;
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+typedef struct mrb_gc {
+  mrb_heap_page *heaps;                /* heaps for GC */
+  mrb_heap_page *sweeps;
+  mrb_heap_page *free_heaps;
+  size_t live; /* count of live objects */
+#ifdef MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA
+  struct RBasic *arena[MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE]; /* GC protection array */
+#else
+  struct RBasic **arena;                   /* GC protection array */
+  int arena_capa;
+#endif
+  int arena_idx;
+
+  mrb_gc_state state; /* state of gc */
+  int current_white_part; /* make white object by white_part */
+  struct RBasic *gray_list; /* list of gray objects to be traversed incrementally */
+  struct RBasic *atomic_gray_list; /* list of objects to be traversed atomically */
+  size_t live_after_mark;
+  size_t threshold;
+  int interval_ratio;
+  int step_ratio;
+  mrb_bool iterating     :1;
+  mrb_bool disabled      :1;
+  mrb_bool full          :1;
+  mrb_bool generational  :1;
+  mrb_bool out_of_memory :1;
+  size_t majorgc_old_threshold;
+} mrb_gc;
+
+MRB_API mrb_bool
+mrb_object_dead_p(struct mrb_state *mrb, struct RBasic *object);
+
+MRB_END_DECL
+
 #endif  /* MRUBY_GC_H */

include/mruby/hash.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/hash.h - Hash class
+/**
+** @file mruby/hash.h - Hash class
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -7,48 +7,236 @@
 #ifndef MRUBY_HASH_H
 #define MRUBY_HASH_H
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-extern "C" {
-#endif
+#include "common.h"
 
+/**
+ * Hash class
+ */
+MRB_BEGIN_DECL
+
+/* offset of `iv` must be 3 words */
 struct RHash {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
+#ifdef MRB_64BIT
+  uint32_t size;
   struct iv_tbl *iv;
-  struct kh_ht *ht;
+  uint32_t ea_capa;
+  uint32_t ea_n_used;
+#else
+  struct iv_tbl *iv;
+  uint32_t size;
+#endif
+  union {
+    struct hash_entry *ea;
+    struct hash_table *ht;
+  };
 };
 
 #define mrb_hash_ptr(v)    ((struct RHash*)(mrb_ptr(v)))
 #define mrb_hash_value(p)  mrb_obj_value((void*)(p))
 
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_new_capa(mrb_state*, int);
+size_t mrb_hash_memsize(mrb_value obj);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_new_capa(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int capa);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ensure_hash_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_hash_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
+
+/*
+ * Initializes a new hash.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *      Hash.new
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @return The initialized hash.
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_new(mrb_state *mrb);
 
+/*
+ * Sets a keys and values to hashes.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *      hash[key] = val
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param hash The target hash.
+ * @param key The key to set.
+ * @param val The value to set.
+ * @return The value.
+ */
 MRB_API void mrb_hash_set(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash, mrb_value key, mrb_value val);
+
+/*
+ * Gets a value from a key. If the key is not found, the default of the
+ * hash is used.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *     hash[key]
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param hash The target hash.
+ * @param key The key to get.
+ * @return The found value.
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_get(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash, mrb_value key);
+
+/*
+ * Gets a value from a key. If the key is not found, the default parameter is
+ * used.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *     hash.key?(key) ? hash[key] : def
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param hash The target hash.
+ * @param key The key to get.
+ * @param def The default value.
+ * @return The found value.
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_fetch(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash, mrb_value key, mrb_value def);
+
+/*
+ * Deletes hash key and value pair.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *     hash.delete(key)
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param hash The target hash.
+ * @param key The key to delete.
+ * @return The deleted value. This value is not protected from GC. Use `mrb_gc_protect()` if necessary.
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_delete_key(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash, mrb_value key);
+
+/*
+ * Gets an array of keys.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *     hash.keys
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param hash The target hash.
+ * @return An array with the keys of the hash.
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_keys(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_check_hash_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_empty_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
+/*
+ * Check if the hash has the key.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *     hash.key?(key)
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param hash The target hash.
+ * @param key The key to check existence.
+ * @return True if the hash has the key
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_hash_key_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash, mrb_value key);
+
+/*
+ * Check if the hash is empty
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *     hash.empty?
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param self The target hash.
+ * @return True if the hash is empty, false otherwise.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_hash_empty_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
+
+/*
+ * Gets an array of values.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *     hash.values
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param hash The target hash.
+ * @return An array with the values of the hash.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_values(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
+
+/*
+ * Clears the hash.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *     hash.clear
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param hash The target hash.
+ * @return The hash
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_clear(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
 
-/* RHASH_TBL allocates st_table if not available. */
-#define RHASH(obj)   ((struct RHash*)(mrb_ptr(obj)))
-#define RHASH_TBL(h)          (RHASH(h)->ht)
-#define RHASH_IFNONE(h)       mrb_iv_get(mrb, (h), mrb_intern_lit(mrb, "ifnone"))
-#define RHASH_PROCDEFAULT(h)  RHASH_IFNONE(h)
-MRB_API struct kh_ht * mrb_hash_tbl(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
+/*
+ * Get hash size.
+ *
+ * Equivalent to:
+ *
+ *      hash.size
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param hash The target hash.
+ * @return The hash size.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_int mrb_hash_size(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
 
-#define MRB_HASH_PROC_DEFAULT 256
-#define MRB_RHASH_PROCDEFAULT_P(h) (RHASH(h)->flags & MRB_HASH_PROC_DEFAULT)
+/*
+ * Copies the hash. This function does NOT copy the instance variables
+ * (except for the default value). Use mrb_obj_dup() to copy the instance
+ * variables as well.
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param hash The target hash.
+ * @return The copy of the hash
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_hash_dup(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash);
+
+/*
+ * Merges two hashes. The first hash will be modified by the
+ * second hash.
+ *
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
+ * @param hash1 The target hash.
+ * @param hash2 Updating hash
+ */
+MRB_API void mrb_hash_merge(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value hash1, mrb_value hash2);
+
+#define RHASH(hash) ((struct RHash*)(mrb_ptr(hash)))
+
+#define MRB_HASH_IB_BIT_BIT         5
+#define MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_BIT     5
+#define MRB_HASH_IB_BIT_SHIFT       0
+#define MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_SHIFT   0
+#define MRB_HASH_AR_EA_N_USED_SHIFT MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_BIT
+#define MRB_HASH_SIZE_FLAGS_SHIFT   (MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_BIT * 2)
+#define MRB_HASH_IB_BIT_MASK        ((1 << MRB_HASH_IB_BIT_BIT) - 1)
+#define MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_MASK    ((1 << MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_BIT) - 1)
+#define MRB_HASH_AR_EA_N_USED_MASK  (MRB_HASH_AR_EA_CAPA_MASK << MRB_HASH_AR_EA_N_USED_SHIFT)
+#define MRB_HASH_DEFAULT            (1 << (MRB_HASH_SIZE_FLAGS_SHIFT + 0))
+#define MRB_HASH_PROC_DEFAULT       (1 << (MRB_HASH_SIZE_FLAGS_SHIFT + 1))
+#define MRB_HASH_HT                 (1 << (MRB_HASH_SIZE_FLAGS_SHIFT + 2))
+#define MRB_RHASH_DEFAULT_P(hash) (RHASH(hash)->flags & MRB_HASH_DEFAULT)
+#define MRB_RHASH_PROCDEFAULT_P(hash) (RHASH(hash)->flags & MRB_HASH_PROC_DEFAULT)
 
 /* GC functions */
 void mrb_gc_mark_hash(mrb_state*, struct RHash*);
 size_t mrb_gc_mark_hash_size(mrb_state*, struct RHash*);
 void mrb_gc_free_hash(mrb_state*, struct RHash*);
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-}  /* extern "C" { */
-#endif
+/* return non zero to break the loop */
+typedef int (mrb_hash_foreach_func)(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value key, mrb_value val, void *data);
+MRB_API void mrb_hash_foreach(mrb_state *mrb, struct RHash *hash, mrb_hash_foreach_func *func, void *p);
+
+MRB_END_DECL
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_HASH_H */

include/mruby/irep.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-/*
-** mruby/irep.h - mrb_irep structure
+/**
+** @file mruby/irep.h - mrb_irep structure
 **
 ** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
 */
@@ -7,54 +7,141 @@
 #ifndef MRUBY_IREP_H
 #define MRUBY_IREP_H
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-extern "C" {
-#endif
+#include "common.h"
+#include <mruby/compile.h>
 
-#include "mruby/compile.h"
+/**
+ * Compiled mruby scripts.
+ */
+MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
 enum irep_pool_type {
-  IREP_TT_STRING,
-  IREP_TT_FIXNUM,
-  IREP_TT_FLOAT,
+  IREP_TT_STR   = 0,          /* string (need free) */
+  IREP_TT_SSTR  = 2,          /* string (static) */
+  IREP_TT_INT32 = 1,          /* 32bit integer */
+  IREP_TT_INT64 = 3,          /* 64bit integer */
+  IREP_TT_FLOAT = 5,          /* float (double/float) */
 };
 
-struct mrb_locals {
-  mrb_sym name;
-  uint16_t r;
+#define IREP_TT_NFLAG 1       /* number (non string) flag */
+#define IREP_TT_SFLAG 2       /* static string flag */
+
+typedef struct mrb_pool_value {
+  uint32_t tt;     /* packed type and length (for string) */
+  union {
+    const char *str;
+    int32_t i32;
+#if defined(MRB_64BIT) || defined(MRB_INT64)
+    int64_t i64;
+#endif
+#ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
+    mrb_float f;
+#endif
+  } u;
+} mrb_pool_value;
+
+enum mrb_catch_type {
+  MRB_CATCH_RESCUE = 0,
+  MRB_CATCH_ENSURE = 1,
+};
+
+struct mrb_irep_catch_handler {
+  uint8_t type;         /* enum mrb_catch_type */
+  uint8_t begin[4];     /* The starting address to match the hander. Includes this. */
+  uint8_t end[4];       /* The endpoint address that matches the hander. Not Includes this. */
+  uint8_t target[4];    /* The address to jump to if a match is made. */
 };
 
 /* Program data array struct */
 typedef struct mrb_irep {
   uint16_t nlocals;        /* Number of local variables */
   uint16_t nregs;          /* Number of register variables */
+  uint16_t clen;           /* Number of catch handlers */
   uint8_t flags;
 
-  mrb_code *iseq;
-  mrb_value *pool;
-  mrb_sym *syms;
-  struct mrb_irep **reps;
+  const mrb_code *iseq;
+  /*
+   * A catch handler table is placed after the iseq entity.
+   * The reason it doesn't add fields to the structure is to keep the mrb_irep structure from bloating.
+   * The catch handler table can be obtained with `mrb_irep_catch_handler_table(irep)`.
+   */
+  const mrb_pool_value *pool;
+  const mrb_sym *syms;
+  const struct mrb_irep * const *reps;
 
-  struct mrb_locals *lv;
+  const mrb_sym *lv;
   /* debug info */
-  const char *filename;
-  uint16_t *lines;
   struct mrb_irep_debug_info* debug_info;
 
-  size_t ilen, plen, slen, rlen, refcnt;
+  uint32_t ilen;
+  uint16_t plen, slen;
+  uint16_t rlen;
+  uint16_t refcnt;
 } mrb_irep;
 
 #define MRB_ISEQ_NO_FREE 1
+#define MRB_IREP_NO_FREE 2
+#define MRB_IREP_STATIC  (MRB_ISEQ_NO_FREE | MRB_IREP_NO_FREE)
 
 MRB_API mrb_irep *mrb_add_irep(mrb_state *mrb);
+
+/** load mruby bytecode functions
+* Please note! Currently due to interactions with the GC calling these functions will
+* leak one RProc object per function call.
+* To prevent this save the current memory arena before calling and restore the arena
+* right after, like so
+* int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb);
+* mrb_value status = mrb_load_irep(mrb, buffer);
+* mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+*/
+
+/* @param [const uint8_t*] irep code, expected as a literal */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_irep(mrb_state*, const uint8_t*);
+
+/*
+ * @param [const void*] irep code
+ * @param [size_t] size of irep buffer. If -1 is given, it is considered unrestricted.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_irep_buf(mrb_state*, const void*, size_t);
+
+/* @param [const uint8_t*] irep code, expected as a literal */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_irep_cxt(mrb_state*, const uint8_t*, mrbc_context*);
+
+/*
+ * @param [const void*] irep code
+ * @param [size_t] size of irep buffer. If -1 is given, it is considered unrestricted.
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_irep_buf_cxt(mrb_state*, const void*, size_t, mrbc_context*);
+
 void mrb_irep_free(mrb_state*, struct mrb_irep*);
 void mrb_irep_incref(mrb_state*, struct mrb_irep*);
 void mrb_irep_decref(mrb_state*, struct mrb_irep*);
+void mrb_irep_cutref(mrb_state*, struct mrb_irep*);
+void mrb_irep_remove_lv(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep *irep);
 
-#if defined(__cplusplus)
-}  /* extern "C" { */
-#endif
+struct mrb_insn_data {
+  uint8_t insn;
+  uint16_t a;
+  uint16_t b;
+  uint16_t c;
+};
+
+struct mrb_insn_data mrb_decode_insn(const mrb_code *pc);
+
+static inline const struct mrb_irep_catch_handler *
+mrb_irep_catch_handler_table(const struct mrb_irep *irep)
+{
+  if (irep->clen > 0) {
+    return (const struct mrb_irep_catch_handler*)(irep->iseq + irep->ilen);
+  }
+  else {
+    return (const struct mrb_irep_catch_handler*)NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+#define mrb_irep_catch_handler_pack(n, v)   uint32_to_bin(n, v)
+#define mrb_irep_catch_handler_unpack(v)    bin_to_uint32(v)
+
+MRB_END_DECL
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_IREP_H */

include/mruby/istruct.h

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/**
+** @file mruby/istruct.h - Inline structures
+**
+** See Copyright Notice in mruby.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef MRUBY_ISTRUCT_H
+#define MRUBY_ISTRUCT_H
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include <string.h>
+
+/**
+ * Inline structures that fit in RVALUE
+ *
+ * They cannot have finalizer, and cannot have instance variables.
+ */
+MRB_BEGIN_DECL
+
+#define ISTRUCT_DATA_SIZE (sizeof(void*) * 3)
+
+struct RIStruct {
+  MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
+  union {
+    intptr_t inline_alignment[3];
+    char inline_data[ISTRUCT_DATA_SIZE];
+  };
+};
+
+#define RISTRUCT(obj)         ((struct RIStruct*)(mrb_ptr(obj)))
+#define ISTRUCT_PTR(obj)      (RISTRUCT(obj)->inline_data)
+
+MRB_INLINE mrb_int mrb_istruct_size()
+{
+  return ISTRUCT_DATA_SIZE;
+}
+
+MRB_INLINE void* mrb_istruct_ptr(mrb_value object)
+{
+  return ISTRUCT_PTR(object);
+}
+
+MRB_INLINE void mrb_istruct_copy(mrb_value dest, mrb_value src)
+{
+  memcpy(ISTRUCT_PTR(dest), ISTRUCT_PTR(src), ISTRUCT_DATA_SIZE);
+}
+
+MRB_END_DECL
+
+#endif /* MRUBY_ISTRUCT_H */