Update version to 3.1.0RC2.

Need to declare unnamed parameter when argument decomposition used.

.editorconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# About this file, see:
+#   Website: https://editorconfig.org/
+#   For Emacs users: https://github.com/editorconfig/editorconfig-emacs
+#   For Vim users: https://github.com/editorconfig/editorconfig-vim
+
+root = true
+
+[*]
+charset = utf-8
+end_of_line = lf
+indent_size = 8
+indent_style = tab
+insert_final_newline = true
+tab_width = 8
+
+[{Makefile,Makefile.*,makefile,*.mk}]
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+#max_line_length = 80
+
+[*.{c,cc,C,cxx,cpp,h,hh,H,hxx,hpp,inc,y}]
+indent_size = 2
+indent_style = space
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+#max_line_length = 120
+
+[{*.rb,Rakefile,rakefile,*.rake,*.gemspec,*.gembox}]
+indent_size = 2
+indent_style = space
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+#max_line_length = 120
+
+[*.bat]
+charset = latin1
+end_of_line = crlf
+#max_line_length = 80
+
+[*.{yaml,yml}]
+indent_size = 2
+indent_style = space
+
+[*.md]
+indent_size = 2
+indent_style = space

.git-blame-ignore-revs

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Extend the tab with 8 whitespace
+6fc5dc986a5ffc1a74c63ad0617ea1dcc10d3cdd
+# reformatted doc/opcode.md
+61e8a540869c57ebddac53cf9d243db407d57fff

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Basic set up
+
+version: 2
+updates:
+
+  # Maintain dependencies for GitHub Actions
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"

.github/linters/.ecrc

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+    "verbose": false,
+    "ignore_defaults": false,
+    "exclude": ["oss-fuzz/", "src/"],
+    "disable": {
+        "end_of_line": false,
+        "trim_trailing_whitespace": false,
+        "insert_final_newline": false,
+        "indent_size": true,
+        "indent_style": true
+   }
+}

.github/linters/.markdown-lint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint#rules--aliases
+# markdownlint -c .github/linters/.markdown-lint.yml .
+
+# MD001 heading-increment/header-increment - Heading levels should only increment by one level at a time
+MD001: false
+
+# MD010 no-hard-tabs - Hard tabs
+MD010: false
+
+# MD013 line-length - Line length
+MD013: false
+
+# MD014 commands-show-output - Dollar signs used before commands without showing output
+MD014: false
+
+# MD024 no-duplicate-heading/no-duplicate-header - Multiple headings with the same content
+MD024: false
+
+# MD025 single-title/single-h1 - Multiple top-level headings in the same document
+MD025: false
+
+# MD026 no-trailing-punctuation - Trailing punctuation in heading
+MD026: false
+
+# MD040 fenced-code-language - Fenced code blocks should have a language specified
+MD040: false

.github/linters/.yaml-lint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+---
+# https://yamllint.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
+# yamllint --strict -c .github/linters/.yaml-lint.yml .
+extends: default
+
+rules:
+  document-start: disable
+  line-length: disable
+  truthy: false

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+name: Build & Test
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  Ubuntu-1804-gcc:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-18.04
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: gcc
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.4.0
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  Ubuntu-1804-clang:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-18.04
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: clang
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.4.0
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  Ubuntu-2004-gcc:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: gcc
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.4.0
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  Ubuntu-2004-clang:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: clang
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.4.0
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  macOS:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: clang
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.4.0
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  Windows-MinGW:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: gcc
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.4.0
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+
+  Windows-Cygwin:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+    env:
+      ACTIONS_ALLOW_UNSECURE_COMMANDS: true
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: gcc
+      installer-path: '%TMP%\cygwin-setup.exe'
+      cygwin-root: C:\cygwin
+      package-dir: C:\cygwin-package
+      cache-version: v1
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.4.0
+      - uses: actions/cache@v2.1.7
+        with:
+          path: ${{ env.package-dir }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-cygwin-${{ env.cache-version }}
+      - name: Download Cygwin installer
+        shell: cmd
+        run: >
+          bitsadmin /transfer download /priority foreground
+          https://cygwin.com/setup-x86_64.exe ${{ env.installer-path }}
+      - name: Install Cygwin
+        shell: cmd
+        run: >
+          ${{ env.installer-path }}
+          --quiet-mode --no-shortcuts --no-startmenu --no-desktop --no-admin
+          --only-site --site http://mirrors.kernel.org/sourceware/cygwin/
+          --root ${{ env.cygwin-root }}
+          --local-package-dir ${{ env.package-dir }}
+          --packages gcc-core,gcc-g++,ruby
+      - name: Set PATH for Cygwin
+        run: |
+          echo '::set-env name=PATH::${{ env.cygwin-root }}\bin;${{ env.cygwin-root }}\usr\bin'
+      - name: Ruby version
+        shell: cmd
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        shell: cmd
+        run: ruby /usr/bin/rake -m test:build && ruby /usr/bin/rake test:run
+      - name: Set PATH for cache archiving (tar)
+        # set Windows path so that Cygwin tar is not used for cache archiving
+        run: echo '::set-env name=PATH::C:\windows\System32'
+
+  Windows-VC:
+    runs-on: windows-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/msvc
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.4.0
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Build and test
+        shell: cmd
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
+          rake -m test:build && rake test:run

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+name: "Code scanning - action"
+
+on:
+  push:
+  pull_request:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 19 * * 4'
+
+jobs:
+  CodeQL-Build:
+
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2.4.0
+        with:
+          # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
+          # a pull request then we can checkout the head.
+          fetch-depth: 2
+
+      # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
+      - name: Initialize CodeQL
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
+        # Override language selection by uncommenting this and choosing your languages
+        # with:
+        #   languages: go, javascript, csharp, python, cpp, java
+
+      # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
+      # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
+      - name: Autobuild
+        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v1
+
+      # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
+      # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
+
+      # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines
+      #    and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project
+      #    uses a compiled language
+
+      # - run: |
+      #    make bootstrap
+      #    make release
+
+      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+name: Lint
+
+on: [pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  misspell:
+    name: Check spelling with misspell
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Check Out
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2.4.0
+      - name: Install
+        run: wget -O - -q https://git.io/misspell | sh -s -- -b .
+      - name: Misspell
+        run: git ls-files --empty-directory | xargs ./misspell -error
+  pre-commit:
+    name: Run pre-commit
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.4.0
+      - name: Check merge conflict
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          pip install pre-commit
+      - name: Set PY
+        run: echo "PY=$(python -VV | sha256sum | cut -d' ' -f1)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - uses: actions/cache@v2.1.7
+        with:
+          path: ~/.cache/pre-commit
+          key: pre-commit|${{ env.PY }}|${{ hashFiles('.pre-commit-config.yaml') }}
+      - name: Run pre-commit
+        run: pre-commit run --all-files

.github/workflows/oss-fuzz.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+name: CIFuzz
+on: [pull_request]
+jobs:
+  Fuzzing:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Build Fuzzers
+        uses: google/oss-fuzz/infra/cifuzz/actions/build_fuzzers@master
+        with:
+          oss-fuzz-project-name: 'mruby'
+          dry-run: false
+      - name: Run Fuzzers
+        uses: google/oss-fuzz/infra/cifuzz/actions/run_fuzzers@master
+        with:
+          oss-fuzz-project-name: 'mruby'
+          fuzz-seconds: 600
+          dry-run: false
+      - name: Upload Crash
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2.3.1
+        if: failure()
+        with:
+          name: artifacts
+          path: ./out/artifacts

.github/workflows/super-linter.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+name: Super Linter
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches-ignore: [master]
+    # Remove the line above to run when pushing to master
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [master]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    name: Lint Code Base
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2.4.0
+      - uses: github/super-linter@v4.8.5
+        env:
+          ERROR_ON_MISSING_EXEC_BIT: true
+          VALIDATE_BASH: true
+          # VALIDATE_BASH_EXEC: true
+          # VALIDATE_EDITORCONFIG: true
+          # VALIDATE_SHELL_SHFMT: true
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

.gitignore

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
-# /
+*.lock
 *.bak
+*.bc
 *.d
+*.i
 *.o
 *.orig
 *.pdb
 *.rej
+*.s
 *.sav
 *.swp
 *.tmp
@@ -12,9 +15,23 @@
 .DS_Store
 .ccmalloc
 .svn
-/.git
+.vscode
+.yardoc
+.ccls*
+compile_flags.txt
+compile_commands.json
+cscope.files
 cscope.out
-/src/y.tab.c
+tags
+
+/.git
 /bin
 /build
-/lib
+/mruby-source-*.gem
+
+/benchmark/**/*.dat
+/benchmark/*.pdf
+/benchmark/*.png
+
+/doc/api
+/doc/capi

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+---
+default_stages: [commit, push]
+default_language_version:
+  # force all unspecified Python hooks to run python3
+  python: python3
+minimum_pre_commit_version: "1.20.0"
+repos:
+  - repo: meta
+    hooks:
+      - id: identity
+      - id: check-hooks-apply
+  - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+    rev: v4.1.0
+    hooks:
+      - id: check-added-large-files
+      - id: check-case-conflict
+      - id: check-executables-have-shebangs
+        exclude: ^test/t/lang\.rb$
+      - id: check-merge-conflict
+      - id: check-vcs-permalinks
+      - id: check-yaml
+      - id: detect-private-key
+      - id: end-of-file-fixer
+      - id: file-contents-sorter
+        files: ^codespell\.txt$
+      - id: fix-byte-order-marker
+      - id: mixed-line-ending
+      - id: trailing-whitespace
+  # - repo: git://github.com/Lucas-C/pre-commit-hooks
+  #  rev: v1.1.9
+  #  hooks:
+  #    - id: forbid-tabs
+  #    - id: remove-tabs
+  - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
+    rev: v2.1.0
+    hooks:
+      - id: codespell
+        name: Run codespell
+        description: Check spelling with codespell
+        entry: codespell --ignore-words=codespell.txt
+  - repo: https://github.com/igorshubovych/markdownlint-cli
+    rev: v0.30.0
+    hooks:
+      - id: markdownlint
+        name: Run markdownlint
+        description: Checks the style of Markdown files
+        entry: markdownlint -c .github/linters/.markdown-lint.yml .
+        types: [markdown]
+        files: \.(md|mdown|markdown)$
+  - repo: https://github.com/adrienverge/yamllint
+    rev: v1.26.3
+    hooks:
+      - id: yamllint
+        name: Run yamllint
+        description: Check YAML files with yamllint
+        entry: yamllint --strict -c .github/linters/.yaml-lint.yml
+        types: [yaml]
+        files: \.(yaml|yml)$

.travis.yml

@@ -1,15 +1,11 @@
-# no installation...
+language: c
 
-install:
- - sudo apt-get -q install gperf
+jobs:
+  - os: linux
+  - os: osx
 
-env: MRUBY_CONFIG=travis_config.rb
-script: "./minirake all test"
+env:
+  - MRUBY_CONFIG=ci/gcc-clang
 
-notifications:
-  # Update mruby-head installed on Travis CI so other projects can test against it.
-  webhooks:
-    urls:
-      - "https://rubies.travis-ci.org/rebuild/mruby-head"
-    on_success: always
-    on_failure: never
+script:
+  - rake -m test:build && rake test:run

.yardopts

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+--markup markdown
+--plugin mruby
+--plugin coderay
+--output-dir doc/api
+
+src/**/*.c
+mrblib/**/*.rb
+include/**/*.h
+
+mrbgems/*/src/**/*.c
+mrbgems/*/mrblib/**/*.rb
+mrbgems/*/include/**/*.h
+-
+AUTHORS
+LICENSE
+CONTRIBUTING.md
+doc/guides/*.md

AUTHORS

@@ -1,33 +1,310 @@
-Original Authors "mruby developers" are:
-   Yukihiro Matsumoto
-   FUKUOKA CSK CORPORATION
+# Authors of mruby (mruby developers)
+
+## The List of Contributors sorted by number of commits (as of 2022-01-10 69b1667)
+
+   7956 Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto (@matz)*
+    586 KOBAYASHI Shuji (@shuujii)
+    376 Daniel Bovensiepen (@bovi)
+    346 Takeshi Watanabe (@take-cheeze)*
+    342 dearblue (@dearblue)*
+    334 Masaki Muranaka (@monaka)
+    298 Tomoyuki Sahara (@tsahara)*
+    234 Jun Hiroe (@suzukaze)
+    219 Cremno (@cremno)*
+    208 Yuki Kurihara (@ksss)+
+    148 Yasuhiro Matsumoto (@mattn)*
+    113 Carson McDonald (@carsonmcdonald)
+    103 Tomasz Dąbrowski (@dabroz)*
+     84 skandhas (@skandhas)
+     80 Masamitsu MURASE (@masamitsu-murase)
+     74 Yuichiro MASUI (@masuidrive)
+     71 Tatsuhiko Kubo (@cubicdaiya)*
+     68 Hiroshi Mimaki (@mimaki)*
+     63 Akira Yumiyama (@akiray03)*
+     62 Paolo Bosetti (@pbosetti)*
+     59 Kurebayashi, Takahiro (@crimsonwoods)*
+     56 h2so5 (@h2so5)
+     52 Ralph Desir (@Mav7)*
+     49 John Bampton (@jbampton)
+     45 Rory O'Connell (@RoryO)*
+     43 Yuichiro Kaneko (@yui-knk)+
+     42 fleuria (@flaneur2020)
+     40 Christopher Aue (@christopheraue)
+     40 Seba Gamboa (@sagmor)
+     38 Koji Yoshioka (@kyab)*+
+     38 Kouhei Sutou (@kou)*
+     31 MATSUMOTO Ryosuke (@matsumotory)*
+     30 Nobuyoshi Nakada (@nobu)
+     28 Masayoshi Takahashi (@takahashim)+
+     24 Julian Aron Prenner (@furunkel)*
+     24 Ryan Scott (@ryan-scott-dev)*
+     22 Clayton Smith (@clayton-shopify)
+     22 Zachary Scott (@zzak)*
+     22 mirichi (@mirichi)
+     21 Jared Breeden (@jbreeden)*
+     20 Uchio Kondo (@udzura)*
+     19 Bouke van der Bijl (@bouk)
+     19 Felix Jones (@felixjones)*
+     19 Hidetaka Takano (@TJ-Hidetaka-Takano)
+     19 go kikuta (@gkta)*
+     18 Corey Powell (@IceDragon200)
+     18 Jon Maken (@jonforums)+
+     18 Mitchell Blank Jr (@mitchblank)*
+     17 Ryan Lopopolo (@lopopolo)
+     16 bggd (@bggd)
+     16 kano4 (@kano4)
+     14 Blaž Hrastnik (@archseer)*
+     14 Jose Narvaez (@goyox86)
+     14 Kazuki Tsujimoto (@k-tsj)
+     14 Tadashi FUKUZAWA (@FUKUZAWA-Tadashi)+
+     13 Patrick Hogan (@pbhogan)
+     12 Akira Kuroda (@akuroda)
+     12 Kouki Ooyatsu (kaishuu0123)*
+     12 NAKAMURA Usaku (@unak)*
+     12 RIZAL Reckordp (@Reckordp)+
+     12 Takashi Sawanaka (@sdottaka)*
+     12 Ukrainskiy Sergey (@ukrainskiysergey)
+     12 Xuejie "Rafael" Xiao (@xxuejie)*
+     11 Julien Ammous (@schmurfy)
+     11 Seeker (@SeekingMeaning)
+     11 YAMAMOTO Masaya (pandax381)
+     11 takkaw (@takkaw)
+     10 Kazuho Oku (@kazuho)
+     10 Miura Hideki (@miura1729)
+     10 Narihiro Nakamura (@authorNari)
+     10 Ray Chason (@chasonr)*
+     10 Yuichi Nishiwaki (@nyuichi)
+      9 Akira Mitsui (@murasesyuka)*
+      9 Frank Celler (@fceller)
+      9 Tatsuya Matsumoto (@tmash06)*
+      8 Takashi Sogabe (@sogabe)
+      7 Bhargava Shastry (@bshastry)*
+      7 Kouichi Nakanishi (@keizo042)
+      7 Rubyist (@expeditiousRubyist)
+      7 Simon Génier (@simon-shopify)
+      7 Terence Lee (@hone)
+      7 Wataru Ashihara (@wataash)*
+      7 roco (@rystyle)*
+      6 Akito Mochizuki (@ak-mochi)
+      6 Beoran (@beoran)
+      6 David Siaw (@davidsiaw)*
+      6 Frederick John Milens III (@fjmilens3)
+      6 Hiro Asari (@BanzaiMan)
+      6 INOUE Yasuyuki (@yasuyuki)
+      6 Junji Sawada (@junjis0203)
+      6 Kenji Okimoto (@okkez)+
+      6 Selman ULUG (@selman)
+      6 Yusuke Endoh (@mame)*
+      5 Davide D'Agostino (@DAddYE)
+      5 Eric Hodel (@drbrain)
+      5 Hendrik (@Asmod4n)
+      5 Ichito Nagata (@i110)
+      5 Keita Obo (@ktaobo)*
+      5 Max Anselm (@silverhammermba)
+      5 SiZiOUS (@sizious)
+      5 Syohei YOSHIDA (@syohex)
+      5 TOMITA Masahiro (@tmtm)
+      5 Yurie Yamane (@yurie)+
+      5 dreamedge (@dreamedge)
+      5 nkshigeru (@nkshigeru)
+      4 Dante Catalfamo (@dantecatalfamo)
+      4 Goro Kikuchi (@gorogit)
+      4 Herwin Weststrate (@herwinw)
+      4 Jon Moss (@maclover7)
+      4 Ken Muramatsu (@ken-mu)+
+      4 Kohei Suzuki (@eagletmt)
+      4 Li Yazhou (@flaneur2020)
+      4 Marcus Stollsteimer (@stomar)
+      4 NARUSE, Yui (@nurse)
+      4 Ravil Bayramgalin (@brainopia)*+
+      4 Satoshi Odawara (@SatoshiOdawara)
+      4 Yuhei Okazaki (@Yuuhei-Okazaki)*
+      4 Yuji Yamano (@yyamano)
+      4 kurodash (@kurodash)*
+      4 masahino (@masahino)
+      4 wanabe (@wanabe)*
+      4 xuejianqing (@joans321)
+      3 Anton Davydov (@davydovanton)
+      3 Carlo Prelz (@asfluido)*
+      3 David Turnbull (@AE9RB)
+      3 Franck Verrot (@franckverrot)
+      3 Horimoto Yasuhiro (@komainu8)
+      3 J. Mutua (@katmutua)+
+      3 Jan Berdajs (@mrbrdo)
+      3 Joseph McCullough (@joequery)
+      3 Mark McCurry (@fundamental)
+      3 Nobuhiro Iwamatsu (@iwamatsu)
+      3 Per Lundberg (@perlun)*
+      3 Rob Fors (@robfors)*
+      3 Rodrigo Malizia (@rmalizia44)+
+      3 Sebastián Katzer (@katzer)*
+      3 Shouji Kuboyama (@Shokuji)*
+      3 Shuta Kimura (@kimushu)+
+      3 TERAJIMA, Motoyuki (@trmmy)
+      3 Takashi Kokubun (@k0kubun)
+      3 Tatsuhiro Tsujikawa (@tatsuhiro-t)
+      3 Thiago Scalone (@scalone)
+      3 Vladimir Dementyev (@palkan)*
+      3 William Light (@wrl)
+      3 bamchoh (@bamchoh)
+      3 sasaki takeru (@takeru)
+      2 Akira Moroo (@retrage)
+      2 Artur K (@nemerle)
+      2 Christian Mauceri (@mauceri)
+      2 Craig Lehmann (@craiglrock)*
+      2 Dominic Sisneros (@dsisnero)*
+      2 Dusan D. Majkic (@dmajkic)
+      2 Emiliano Lesende (@3miliano)
+      2 Francois Chagnon (@EiNSTeiN-)*
+      2 Gilad Zohari (@gzohari)
+      2 Go Saito (@govm)
+      2 HASUMI Hitoshi (@hasumikin)
+      2 Hirohito Higashi (@HirohitoHigashi)
+      2 Hiroyuki Iwatsuki (@iwadon)
+      2 Huei-Horng Yo (@hiroshiyui)
+      2 Jonas Kulla (@Ancurio)
+      2 Jun Takeda (@takjn)
+      2 Kazuaki Tanaka (@kaz0505)
+      2 Kazuhiko Yamashita (@pyama86)+
+      2 Kazuhiro Sera (@seratch)
+      2 Kuroda Daisuke (@dycoon)+
+      2 Lanza (@LanzaSchneider)
+      2 Lothar Scholz (@llothar)
+      2 Lukas Joeressen (@kext)
+      2 Masahiro Wakame (@vvkame)+
+      2 Minao Yamamoto (@tarosay)+
+      2 Nihad Abbasov (@NARKOZ)
+      2 Robert Mosolgo (@rmosolgo)
+      2 Russel Hunter Yukawa (@rhykw)+
+      2 Ryunosuke SATO (@tricknotes)
+      2 Santa Zhang (@santazhang)
+      2 Satoru Naba (@snaba)+
+      2 Serg Podtynnyi (@shtirlic)
+      2 Shannen Saez (@shancat)
+      2 SouthWolf (@southwolf)
+      2 TJ Singleton (@tjsingleton)
+      2 Taiyo Mizuhashi (@taiyoslime)+
+      2 Tomás Pollak (@tomas)*
+      2 Yutaka HARA (@yhara)*+
+      2 Zhang Xiaohui (@hifoolno)
+      2 icm7216 (@icm7216)
+      2 windwiny (@windwiny)
+      1 A-Sat (@asatou)+
+      1 Abinoam Praxedes Marques Junior (@abinoam)
+      1 Alex Wang (@nanamiwang)+
+      1 Andrew Nordman (@cadwallion)
+      1 Atsushi Morimoto (@mynz)
+      1 Ben A Morgan (@BenMorganIO)
+      1 Benoit Daloze (@eregon)
+      1 Chris Reuter (@suetanvil)
+      1 Daehyub Kim (@lateau)
+      1 Daniel Varga (@vargad)
+      1 Edgar Boda-Majer (@eboda)
+      1 Fangrui Song (@MaskRay)
+      1 Flavio Medeiros (@flaviommedeiros)
+      1 Francis Bogsanyi (@fbogsany)
+      1 Guo Xiao (@guoxiao)
+      1 Gwen Boatrite (@boatrit)
+      1 HAYASHI Kentaro (@kenhys)
+      1 Hiroki Mori (@yamori813)+
+      1 Hiromasa Ishii (@Hir0)+
+      1 Hiroyuki Matsuzaki (@Hiroyuki-Matsuzaki)
+      1 Hugo Logmans (@hlogmans)
+      1 Jack Danger Canty (@JackDanger)
+      1 Jeff Federman (@jefffederman)
+      1 Jeffrey Crowell (@crowell)
+      1 Jeremy Ong (@jeremyong)
+      1 Jiro Nishiguchi (@spiritloose)
+      1 Joachim Baran (@indiedotkim)
+      1 Joe Kutner (@jkutner)
+      1 Jun Aruga (@junaruga)
+      1 Junichi Kajiwara (@kjunichi)
+      1 Jurriaan Pruis (@jurriaan)
+      1 Katsuhiko Kageyama (@kishima)+
+      1 Katsuyoshi Ito (@katsuyoshi)
+      1 Kazuhiro NISHIYAMA (@znz)
+      1 Kei Sawada (@remore)
+      1 Kim H Madsen (@kimhmadsen)
+      1 Konstantin Haase (@rkh)
+      1 Leo Neat (@Leo-Neat)
+      1 Lian Cheng (@liancheng)
+      1 Luis Lavena (@luislavena)
+      1 Lukas Elmer (@lukaselmer)
+      1 Lukas Stabe (@Ahti)
+      1 M.Naruoka (@fenrir-naru)
+      1 Mark Delk (@jethrodaniel)
+      1 Martin Bosslet (@emboss)+
+      1 Masahiko Sawada (@MasahikoSawada)
+      1 Matt Aimonetti (@mattetti)
+      1 Maxim Abramchuk (@MaximAbramchuck)
+      1 Megumi Tomita (@tomykaira)+
+      1 Mitchell Hashimoto (@mitchellh)
+      1 Mitsutaka Mimura (@takkanm)
+      1 Nathan Ladd (@ntl)
+      1 Nicholas (@knf)
+      1 Nozomi SATO (@nozomiS)
+      1 Okumura Takahiro (@hfm)
+      1 Patrick Ellis (@pje)
+      1 Patrick Pokatilo (@SHyx0rmZ)
+      1 Pavel Evstigneev (@Paxa)+
+      1 Prayag Verma (@pra85)
+      1 Ranmocy (@ranmocy)
+      1 Robert McNally (@wolfmcnally)
+      1 Robert Rowe (@CaptainJet)
+      1 Ryan Scott Lewis (@RyanScottLewis)
+      1 Ryo Okubo (@syucream)
+      1 Santiago Rodriguez (@sanrodari)
+      1 Satoh, Hiroh (@cho45)+
+      1 Sayed Abdelhaleem (@visualsayed)
+      1 Shugo Maeda (@shugo)
+      1 Sorah Fukumori (@sorah)
+      1 Stuart Hinson (@stuarth)
+      1 Takuma Kume (@takumakume)+
+      1 Thomas Schmidt (@digitaltom)
+      1 Timo Schilling (@timoschilling)
+      1 Tom Black (@blacktm)
+      1 Utkarsh Kukreti (@utkarshkukreti)
+      1 W (@graywolf)
+      1 Wuffers Lightwolf (@w-x-l)
+      1 YAMAMOTO Yuji (@igrep)
+      1 Yevhen Viktorov (@yevgenko)
+      1 Yoji SHIDARA (@darashi)
+      1 Yoshiori SHOJI (@yoshiori)
+      1 Yukang (@chenyukang)
+      1 Yurii Nakonechnyi (@inobelar)
+      1 Yusuke Suzuki (@Constellation)+
+      1 Yusuke Tanaka (@csouls)
+      1 arton (@arton)
+      1 duangsuse (@duangsuse)
+      1 fl0l0u (@fl0l0u)
+      1 hhc0null (@hhc0null)
+      1 iTitou (@titouanc)
+      1 javier ramírez (@javier)
+      1 liyuray (@liyuray)
+      1 lucas dicioccio (@lucasdicioccio)
+      1 n4o847 (@n4o847)
+      1 robert (@R-obert)
+      1 sbsoftware (@sbsoftware)
+      1 ssmallkirby (@smallkirby)
+      1 taku toyama (@tsuichu)
+
+`*` - Entries unified according to names and addresses
+`+` - Entries with names different from commits
+
+## Contributors without named commits
+
+   Yuichi Osawa (Mitsubishi Electric Micro-Computer Application Software)
+   Shota Nakano (Manycolors)
+   Bjorn De Meyer
+
+## Corporate contributors
+
+   Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan
+   Kyushu Bureau of Economy, Trade and Industry
+   SCSK KYUSHU CORPORATION
    Kyushu Institute of Technology
    Network Applied Communication Laboratory, Inc.
-   Daniel Bovensiepen
-   Jon Maken
-   Bjorn De Meyer
-   Yuichiro MASUI
-   Masamitsu MURASE
-   Masaki Muranaka
    Internet Initiative Japan Inc.
-   Tadashi FUKUZAWA
-   MATSUMOTO Ryosuke
-   Yasuhiro Matsumoto
-   Koji Yoshioka
-   Jun Hiroe
-   Narihiro Nakamura
-   Yuichi Nishiwaki
-   Tatsuhiko Kubo
-   Takeshi Watanabe
-   Yuki Kurihara
-   specified non-profit corporation mruby Forum
-   Kazuaki Tanaka
-   Hiromasa Ishii
-   Hiroshi Mimaki
-   Satoshi Odawara
+   Specified non-profit organization mruby Forum
    Mitsubishi Electric Micro-Computer Application Software Co.,Ltd.
-   Hiroyuki Matsuzaki
-   Yuhei Okazaki
    Manycolors, Inc.
-   Shota Nakano
-   Yuichi Osawa

CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*   @matz

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # How to contribute
 
 mruby is an open-source project which is looking forward to each contribution.
+Contributors agree to license their contribution(s) under MIT license.
 
 ## Your Pull Request
 
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ things in mind before submitting your pull request:
 
 * Work on the latest possible state of **mruby/master**
 * Create a branch which is dedicated to your change
-* Test your changes before creating a pull request (```./minirake test```)
+* Test your changes before creating a pull request (`rake test`)
 * If possible write a test case which confirms your change
 * Don't mix several features or bug-fixes in one pull request
 * Create a meaningful commit message
@@ -17,6 +18,41 @@ things in mind before submitting your pull request:
 * Use mrbgem to provide non ISO features (classes, modules and methods) unless
   you have a special reason to implement them in the core
 
+## pre-commit
+
+A framework for managing and maintaining multi-language `pre-commit` hooks.
+`pre-commit` can be [installed](https://pre-commit.com/#installation) with `pip`, `curl`, `brew` or `conda`.
+
+You need to first install `pre-commit` and then install the `pre-commit` hooks with `pre-commit install`.
+Now `pre-commit` will run automatically on git commit!
+
+It's usually a good idea to run the hooks against all the files when adding new hooks (usually `pre-commit` will only run on the changed files during git hooks).
+Use `pre-commit run --all-files` to check all files.
+
+To run a single hook use `pre-commit run --all-files <hook_id>`
+
+To update use `pre-commit autoupdate`
+
+* [Quick start](https://pre-commit.com/#quick-start)
+* [Usage](https://pre-commit.com/#usage)
+* [pre-commit-autoupdate](https://pre-commit.com/#pre-commit-autoupdate)
+
+## Spell Checking
+
+We are running [misspell](https://github.com/client9/misspell) which is mainly written in
+[Golang](https://golang.org/) to check spelling with [GitHub Actions](.github/workflows/lint.yml).
+Correct commonly misspelled English words quickly with `misspell`. You can run `misspell` locally
+against all files with:
+
+```bash
+find . -type f | xargs ./misspell -error
+```
+
+Notable `misspell` help options or flags are:
+
+* `-i` string: ignore the following corrections, comma separated
+* `-w`: Overwrite file with corrections (default is just to display)
+
 ## Coding conventions
 
 How to style your C and Ruby code which you want to submit.
@@ -31,11 +67,13 @@ C code:
 
 mruby should be highly portable to other systems and compilers. For this it is
 recommended to keep your code as close as possible to the C99 standard
-(http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/WG14/www/docs/n1256.pdf).
+(<http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/WG14/www/docs/n1256.pdf>).
 
-Although we target C99, Visual C++ is also an important target for mruby. For
-this reason a declaration of a local variable has to be at the beginning of a
-scope block.
+Visual C++ is also an important target for mruby (supported version is 2013 or
+later). For this reason features that are not supported by Visual C++ may not
+be used (e.g. `%z` of `strftime()`).
+
+NOTE: Old GCC requires `-std=gnu99` option to enable C99 support.
 
 #### Reduce library dependencies to a minimum
 
@@ -43,19 +81,15 @@ The dependencies to libraries should be kept to an absolute minimum. This
 increases the portability but makes it also easier to cut away parts of mruby
 on-demand.
 
-#### Don't use C++ style comments
+#### Insert a break after the function return value:
 
-    /* This is the prefered comment style */
-
-Use C++ style comments only for temporary comment e.g. commenting out some code lines.
-
-#### Insert a break after the method return value:
-
-    int
-    main(void)
-    {
-      ...
-    }
+```c
+int
+main(void)
+{
+  ...
+}
+```
 
 ### Ruby code
 
@@ -65,4 +99,5 @@ language itself. Please note the following hints for your Ruby code:
 #### Comply with the Ruby standard (ISO/IEC 30170:2012)
 
 mruby is currently targeting to execute Ruby code which complies to ISO/IEC
-30170:2012 (http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59579).
+30170:2012 (<https://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59579>),
+unless there's a clear reason, e.g. the latest Ruby has changed behavior from ISO.

ChangeLog

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-Thu Apl 19 17:25:18 2012  Yukihiro Matsumoto  <matz@ruby-lang.org>
-
-	* first release version 1.0.0 released.
-
-Local variables:
-add-log-time-format: (lambda ()
-  (let* ((time (current-time))
-	 (system-time-locale "C")
-	 (diff (+ (cadr time) 32400))
-	 (lo (% diff 65536))
-	 (hi (+ (car time) (/ diff 65536))))
-  (format-time-string "%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Y" (list hi lo) t)))
-indent-tabs-mode: t
-tab-width: 8
-end:

INSTALL

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-* Prerequisites
-
-  1. Make sure you have bison (http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/) installed in
-     your system.
-  2. Make sure you have ruby installed in your system (required to build).
-
-
-* Compilation and Installation
-
-  1. Run make in the top directory.
-
-     This command will create a build directory with a directory for the host
-     environment and one for each crossbuild environment based on the settings
-     in the build_config.rb file.
-
-     Assuming a default build, each of the environment directories will have
-     the following important directories:
-
-       * bin - The binary executables for this environment
-       * lib - The libraries for this environment
-
-     You can find the header files in the include directory at the root of the
-     project.
-
-     You can directly invoke 'minirake' with the following command:
-
-         $ ruby ./minirake
-
-If an error occurs when compiling mruby, it will be helpful for others if you
-send a detailed report to the developers that includes the error log, machine,
-and OS type.
-
-
-* Adding existing gems
-
-Gems from the [list of mruby gems](http://www.mruby.org/libraries/) can be
-added by adding their respective GitHub URLs to build_config.rb. For example,
-to add implementations of the File and IO Ruby core classes to mruby, insert
-the following in build_config.rb under the comment section `Use mrbgems`:
-
-    conf.gem :git => 'git@github.com:iij/mruby-io.git', :branch => 'master'
-
-Afterwards, re-run:
-
-    ruby ./minirake
-
-
-* Porting to other platforms
-
-That's all.
-

LEGAL

@@ -2,5 +2,4 @@ LEGAL NOTICE INFORMATION
 ------------------------
 
 All the files in this distribution are covered under the MIT license
-(see the file MITL) except some files mentioned below:
-
+(see the file LICENSE) except some files mentioned below:

LICENSE

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2014 mruby developers
+Copyright (c) 2010-2021 mruby developers
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
@@ -17,4 +17,3 @@ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
-

Makefile

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-# mruby is using Rake (http://rake.rubyforge.org) as a build tool.
-# We provide a minimalistic version called minirake inside of our
-# codebase.
+# mruby is using Rake (https://ruby.github.io/rake/) as a build tool.
 
-RAKE = ruby ./minirake
+RAKE = rake
 
 all :
 	$(RAKE)

NEWS

@@ -9,5 +9,3 @@ with all sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file.
 
 
 ** Information about first release v1.0.0
-
-

README.md

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
-[![Build Status][build-status-img]][travis-ci]
+# mruby
 
-## What's mruby
+[![Build Status][build-status-img]][travis-ci]
+[![GitHub Super-Linter](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/workflows/Lint%20Code%20Base/badge.svg)](https://github.com/marketplace/actions/super-linter)
+
+## What is mruby
 
 mruby is the lightweight implementation of the Ruby language complying to (part
-of) the [ISO standard][ISO-standard].  Its syntax is Ruby 1.9 compatible.
+of) the [ISO standard][ISO-standard]. Its syntax is Ruby 2.x compatible.
 
 mruby can be linked and embedded within your application.  We provide the
-interpreter program "mruby" and the interactive mruby shell "mirb" as examples.
+interpreter program "mruby", and the interactive mruby shell "mirb" as examples.
 You can also compile Ruby programs into compiled byte code using the mruby
 compiler "mrbc".  All those tools reside in the "bin" directory.  "mrbc" is
 also able to generate compiled byte code in a C source file, see the "mrbtest"
@@ -15,80 +18,60 @@ program under the "test" directory for an example.
 This achievement was sponsored by the Regional Innovation Creation R&D Programs
 of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan.
 
-
 ## How to get mruby
 
-The stable version 1.0.0 of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL:
+The release candidate version 3.1.0 of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL: [https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/3.1.0-rc2.zip](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/3.1.0-rc2.zip)
 
-  https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/1.0.0.zip
-
-The latest development version of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL:
-
-  https://github.com/mruby/mruby/zipball/master
+The latest development version of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL: [https://github.com/mruby/mruby/zipball/master](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/zipball/master)
 
 The trunk of the mruby source tree can be checked out with the
 following command:
 
-    $ git clone https://github.com/mruby/mruby.git
+```
+$ git clone https://github.com/mruby/mruby.git
+```
 
+You can also install and compile mruby using [ruby-install](https://github.com/postmodern/ruby-install), [ruby-build](https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build) or [rvm](https://github.com/rvm/rvm).
 
 ## mruby home-page
 
-The URL of the mruby home-page is:
-
-  http://www.mruby.org/
-
+The URL of the mruby home-page is: <https://mruby.org>.
 
 ## Mailing list
 
-We don't have mailing list, use GitHub forum <http://github.com/mruby/mruby>.
+We don't have a mailing list, but you can use [GitHub issues](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues).
 
+## How to compile, test, and install (mruby and gems)
 
-## How to compile and install (mruby and gems)
+See the [compile.md](doc/guides/compile.md) file.
 
-See the INSTALL file.
+## Building documentation
 
+There are two sets of documentation in mruby: the mruby API (generated by yard) and C API (Doxygen)
 
-## Running Tests
+To build both of them, simply go
 
-To run the tests, execute the following from the project's root directory.
+```
+rake doc
+```
 
-    $ make test
+You can also view them in your browser
 
-Or
+```
+rake view_api
+rake view_capi
+```
 
-    $ ruby ./minirake test
-
-
-## Customization
+## How to customize mruby (mrbgems)
 
 mruby contains a package manager called *mrbgems*. To create extensions
-in C and/or Ruby you should create a *GEM*. You will find a complete
-documentation with examples under *examples/mrbgems*.
-
+in C and/or Ruby you should create a *GEM*. For a documentation of how to
+use mrbgems consult the file [mrbgems.md](doc/guides/mrbgems.md).
+For example code of how to use mrbgems look into the folder *examples/mrbgems/*.
 
 ## License
 
-Copyright (c) 2014 mruby developers
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
-copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
-to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
-the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
-and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
-Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
-FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
-DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
-
+mruby is released under the [MIT License](LICENSE).
 
 ## Note for License
 
@@ -102,22 +85,18 @@ In the future, mruby might ask you to distribute your new code
 (that you will commit,) under the MIT License as a member of
 "mruby developers" but contributors will keep their copyright.
 (We did not intend for contributors to transfer or waive their copyrights,
-Actual copyright holder name (contributors) will be listed in the AUTHORS
+actual copyright holder name (contributors) will be listed in the [AUTHORS](AUTHORS)
 file.)
 
 Please ask us if you want to distribute your code under another license.
 
-
 ## How to Contribute
 
-See the [contribution guidelines][contribution-guidelines] then send a pull
-request to <http://github.com/mruby/mruby>.  We consider you have granted
-non-exclusive right to your contributed code under MIT license.  If you want to
-be named as one of mruby developers, please include an update to the AUTHORS
-file in your pull request.
+See the [contribution guidelines][contribution-guidelines], and then send a pull
+request to <https://github.com/mruby/mruby>.  We consider you have granted
+non-exclusive right to your contributed code under MIT license.
 
-[ISO-standard]: http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59579
-[build-status-img]: https://travis-ci.org/mruby/mruby.png?branch=master
+[ISO-standard]: https://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59579
+[build-status-img]: https://travis-ci.org/mruby/mruby.svg?branch=master
 [contribution-guidelines]: https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md
 [travis-ci]: https://travis-ci.org/mruby/mruby
-

Rakefile

@@ -3,14 +3,18 @@
 # basic build file for mruby
 MRUBY_ROOT = File.dirname(File.expand_path(__FILE__))
 MRUBY_BUILD_HOST_IS_CYGWIN = RUBY_PLATFORM.include?('cygwin')
+MRUBY_BUILD_HOST_IS_OPENBSD = RUBY_PLATFORM.include?('openbsd')
+
+Rake.verbose(false) if Rake.verbose == Rake::DSL::DEFAULT
+
+$LOAD_PATH << File.join(MRUBY_ROOT, "lib")
 
 # load build systems
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/ruby_ext.rake"
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/mruby_build.rake"
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/mrbgem_spec.rake"
+require "mruby/core_ext"
+require "mruby/build"
 
 # load configuration file
-MRUBY_CONFIG = (ENV['MRUBY_CONFIG'] && ENV['MRUBY_CONFIG'] != '') ? ENV['MRUBY_CONFIG'] : "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/build_config.rb"
+MRUBY_CONFIG = MRuby::Build.mruby_config_path
 load MRUBY_CONFIG
 
 # load basic rules
@@ -19,122 +23,47 @@ MRuby.each_target do |build|
 end
 
 # load custom rules
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/src/mruby_core.rake"
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/mrblib/mrblib.rake"
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tools/mrbc/mrbc.rake"
-
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/core.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/mrblib.rake"
 load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/mrbgems.rake"
 load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/libmruby.rake"
-
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/mrbgems_test.rake"
-load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/test/mrbtest.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/bin.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/presym.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/test.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/benchmark.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/doc.rake"
 
 ##############################
 # generic build targets, rules
 task :default => :all
 
-bin_path = "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/bin"
-FileUtils.mkdir_p bin_path, { :verbose => $verbose }
-
-depfiles = MRuby.targets['host'].bins.map do |bin|
-  install_path = MRuby.targets['host'].exefile("#{bin_path}/#{bin}")
-  source_path = MRuby.targets['host'].exefile("#{MRuby.targets['host'].build_dir}/bin/#{bin}")
-
-  file install_path => source_path do |t|
-    FileUtils.rm_f t.name, { :verbose => $verbose }
-    FileUtils.cp t.prerequisites.first, t.name, { :verbose => $verbose }
-  end
-
-  install_path
-end
-
-MRuby.each_target do |target|
-  gems.map do |gem|
-    current_dir = gem.dir.relative_path_from(Dir.pwd)
-    relative_from_root = gem.dir.relative_path_from(MRUBY_ROOT)
-    current_build_dir = "#{build_dir}/#{relative_from_root}"
-
-    gem.bins.each do |bin|
-      exec = exefile("#{build_dir}/bin/#{bin}")
-      objs = Dir.glob("#{current_dir}/tools/#{bin}/*.{c,cpp,cxx,cc}").map { |f| objfile(f.pathmap("#{current_build_dir}/tools/#{bin}/%n")) }
-
-      file exec => objs + [libfile("#{build_dir}/lib/libmruby")] do |t|
-        gem_flags = gems.map { |g| g.linker.flags }
-        gem_flags_before_libraries = gems.map { |g| g.linker.flags_before_libraries }
-        gem_flags_after_libraries = gems.map { |g| g.linker.flags_after_libraries }
-        gem_libraries = gems.map { |g| g.linker.libraries }
-        gem_library_paths = gems.map { |g| g.linker.library_paths }
-        linker.run t.name, t.prerequisites, gem_libraries, gem_library_paths, gem_flags, gem_flags_before_libraries, gem_flags_after_libraries
-      end
-
-      if target == MRuby.targets['host']
-        install_path = MRuby.targets['host'].exefile("#{MRUBY_ROOT}/bin/#{bin}")
-
-        file install_path => exec do |t|
-          FileUtils.rm_f t.name, { :verbose => $verbose }
-          FileUtils.cp t.prerequisites.first, t.name, { :verbose => $verbose }
-        end
-        depfiles += [ install_path ]
-      elsif target == MRuby.targets['host-debug']
-        unless MRuby.targets['host'].gems.map {|g| g.bins}.include?([bin])
-          install_path = MRuby.targets['host-debug'].exefile("#{MRUBY_ROOT}/bin/#{bin}")
-
-          file install_path => exec do |t|
-            FileUtils.rm_f t.name, { :verbose => $verbose }
-            FileUtils.cp t.prerequisites.first, t.name, { :verbose => $verbose }
-          end
-          depfiles += [ install_path ]
-        end
-      else
-        depfiles += [ exec ]
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-depfiles += MRuby.targets.map { |n, t|
-  [t.libfile("#{t.build_dir}/lib/libmruby")]
-}.flatten
-
-depfiles += MRuby.targets.reject { |n, t| n == 'host' }.map { |n, t|
-  t.bins.map { |bin| t.exefile("#{t.build_dir}/bin/#{bin}") }
-}.flatten
-
 desc "build all targets, install (locally) in-repo"
-task :all => depfiles do
+task :all => :gensym do
+  Rake::Task[:build].invoke
   puts
   puts "Build summary:"
   puts
-  MRuby.each_target do
-    print_build_summary
+  MRuby.each_target do |build|
+    build.print_build_summary
   end
+  MRuby::Lockfile.write
 end
 
-desc "run all mruby tests"
-task :test => ["all"] + MRuby.targets.values.map { |t| t.build_mrbtest_lib_only? ? t.libfile("#{t.build_dir}/test/mrbtest") : t.exefile("#{t.build_dir}/test/mrbtest") } do
-  MRuby.each_target do
-    run_test unless build_mrbtest_lib_only?
-  end
-end
+task :build => MRuby.targets.flat_map{|_, build| build.products}
 
 desc "clean all built and in-repo installed artifacts"
 task :clean do
-  MRuby.each_target do |t|
-    FileUtils.rm_rf t.build_dir, { :verbose => $verbose }
+  MRuby.each_target do |build|
+    rm_rf build.build_dir
+    rm_f build.products
   end
-  FileUtils.rm_f depfiles, { :verbose => $verbose }
   puts "Cleaned up target build folder"
 end
 
 desc "clean everything!"
-task :deep_clean => ["clean"] do
-  MRuby.each_target do |t|
-    FileUtils.rm_rf t.gem_clone_dir, { :verbose => $verbose }
+task :deep_clean => %w[clean doc:clean] do
+  MRuby.each_target do |build|
+    rm_rf build.gem_clone_dir
   end
   puts "Cleaned up mrbgems build folder"
 end
-
-desc 'generate document'
-task :doc do
-  load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/doc/language/generator.rb"
-end

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Security Policy
+
+## Reporting a Vulnerability
+
+If you have any security concern, contact <matz@ruby.or.jp>.
+
+## Scope
+
+We consider following issues as vulnerabilities:
+
+* Remote code execution
+* Crash caused by a valid Ruby script
+
+We *don't* consider following issues as vulnerabilities:
+
+* Runtime C undefined behavior (including integer overflow)
+* Crash caused by misused API
+* Crash caused by tweaked compiled binary

TODO

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-Things to do (Things that are not done yet)
-
-* Special variables ($1,$2..)
-* super in aliased methods
-
-Things to improve (Done but things to fix)
-
-* Hash (Reduce size. Use khash or save the order)
-* stringEx (Delete encoding、delete CODERANGE、delete everything except UTF-8 or ASCII)
-* Make additions as they are noticed.
-

TODO.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Thing to Do in the future
+
+# After mruby 3.1
+
+* multi-precision integer
+* parser and code generator independent from `mrb_state` (picoruby?)
+* variable sized AST node
+* iv/hash entry cache
+* more peephole optimization (if possible)
+
+# Things to do (Things we need to consider)
+
+* `begin ... end while cond` to behave as CRuby
+* special variables ($1,$2..)

appveyor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+version: "{build}"
+
+shallow_clone: true
+
+environment:
+  matrix:
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2019 64bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2019
+
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2019 32bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars32.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2019
+
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2017 64bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2017
+
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2017 32bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars32.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2017
+
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2015 64bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2015
+      machine: x86_amd64
+
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2015 32bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2015
+      machine: x86
+
+init:
+  - call "%visualcpp%" %machine%
+  # For using RubyInstaller's Ruby 2.6 64bit
+  # 2.6 is the highest supported Ruby version across all historical
+  # Visual Studio AppVeyor images. Ruby 2.7 is only on the 2019 image.
+  - set PATH=C:\Ruby26-x64\bin;%PATH%
+  - ruby --version
+
+
+build_script:
+  - set MRUBY_CONFIG=ci/msvc
+  - rake -m test:build
+  - rake test:run

benchmark/bm_ao_render.rb

@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
 # AO render benchmark
-# Original program (C) Syoyo Fujita in Javascript (and other languages)
+# Original program (C) Syoyo Fujita in JavaScript (and other languages)
 #      https://code.google.com/p/aobench/
 # Ruby(yarv2llvm) version by Hideki Miura
 # mruby version by Hideki Miura
 #
 
-IMAGE_WIDTH = 256
-IMAGE_HEIGHT = 256
+IMAGE_WIDTH = Integer(ARGV[0] || 64)
+IMAGE_HEIGHT = IMAGE_WIDTH
 NSUBSAMPLES = 2
 NAO_SAMPLES = 8
 
 module Rand
   # Use xorshift
-  @@x = 123456789
-  @@y = 362436069
-  @@z = 521288629
-  @@w = 88675123
+  @x = 123456789
+  @y = 362436069
+  @z = 521288629
+  @w = 88675123
   BNUM = 1 << 29
   BNUMF = BNUM.to_f
   def self.rand
-    x = @@x
+    x = @x
     t = x ^ ((x & 0xfffff) << 11)
-    w = @@w
-    @@x, @@y, @@z = @@y, @@z, w
-    w = @@w = (w ^ (w >> 19) ^ (t ^ (t >> 8)))
+    w = @w
+    @x, @y, @z = @y, @z, w
+    w = @w = (w ^ (w >> 19) ^ (t ^ (t >> 8)))
     (w % BNUM) / BNUMF
   end
 end
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class Vec
   def vnormalize
     len = vlength
     v = Vec.new(@x, @y, @z)
-    if len > 1.0e-17 then
+    if len > 1.0e-17
       v.x = v.x / len
       v.y = v.y / len
       v.z = v.z / len
@@ -92,10 +92,10 @@ class Sphere
     b = rs.vdot(ray.dir)
     c = rs.vdot(rs) - (@radius * @radius)
     d = b * b - c
-    if d > 0.0 then
+    if d > 0.0
       t = - b - Math.sqrt(d)
 
-      if t > 0.0 and t < isect.t then
+      if t > 0.0 and t < isect.t
         isect.t = t
         isect.hit = true
         isect.pl = Vec.new(ray.org.x + ray.dir.x * t,
@@ -118,16 +118,16 @@ class Plane
     d = -@p.vdot(@n)
     v = ray.dir.vdot(@n)
     v0 = v
-    if v < 0.0 then
+    if v < 0.0
       v0 = -v
     end
-    if v0 < 1.0e-17 then
+    if v0 < 1.0e-17
       return
     end
 
     t = -(ray.org.vdot(@n) + d) / v
 
-    if t > 0.0 and t < isect.t then
+    if t > 0.0 and t < isect.t
       isect.hit = true
       isect.t = t
       isect.n = @n
@@ -170,10 +170,10 @@ end
 
 def clamp(f)
   i = f * 255.5
-  if i > 255.0 then
+  if i > 255.0
     i = 255.0
   end
-  if i < 0.0 then
+  if i < 0.0
     i = 0.0
   end
   i.to_i
@@ -183,11 +183,11 @@ def otherBasis(basis, n)
   basis[2] = Vec.new(n.x, n.y, n.z)
   basis[1] = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
 
-  if n.x < 0.6 and n.x > -0.6 then
+  if n.x < 0.6 and n.x > -0.6
     basis[1].x = 1.0
-  elsif n.y < 0.6 and n.y > -0.6 then
+  elsif n.y < 0.6 and n.y > -0.6
     basis[1].y = 1.0
-  elsif n.z < 0.6 and n.z > -0.6 then
+  elsif n.z < 0.6 and n.z > -0.6
     basis[1].z = 1.0
   else
     basis[1].x = 1.0
@@ -221,8 +221,8 @@ class Scene
     p0 = Vec.new(isect.pl.x + eps * isect.n.x,
                 isect.pl.y + eps * isect.n.y,
                 isect.pl.z + eps * isect.n.z)
-    nphi.times do |j|
-      ntheta.times do |i|
+    nphi.times do
+      ntheta.times do
         r = Rand::rand
         phi = 2.0 * 3.14159265 * Rand::rand
         x = Math.cos(phi) * Math.sqrt(1.0 - r)
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ class Scene
         @spheres[1].intersect(ray, occisect)
         @spheres[2].intersect(ray, occisect)
         @plane.intersect(ray, occisect)
-        if occisect.hit then
+        if occisect.hit
           occlusion = occlusion + 1.0
         else
           0.0
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ class Scene
       w.times do |x|
         rad = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
 
-        # Subsmpling
+        # Subsampling
         nsubsamples.times do |v|
           nsubsamples.times do |u|
             cnt = cnt + 1
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ class Scene
             @spheres[1].intersect(ray, isect)
             @spheres[2].intersect(ray, isect)
             @plane.intersect(ray, isect)
-            if isect.hit then
+            if isect.hit
               col = ambient_occlusion(isect)
               rad.x = rad.x + col.x
               rad.y = rad.y + col.y

benchmark/bm_app_lc_fizzbuzz.rb

@@ -48,5 +48,4 @@ answer = to_array(solution).map do |p|
   to_string(p)
 end
 
-answer_str = answer.to_a
-# puts answer_str
+# puts answer

benchmark/bm_fib.rb

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-# Fib 39
 
 def fib n
   return n if n < 2
   fib(n-2) + fib(n-1)
 end
 
-puts fib(39)
+puts fib(37)

benchmark/bm_so_lists.rb

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#from http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/bench/lists/lists.ruby
+# from http://www.bagley.org/~doug/shootout/bench/lists/lists.ruby
 
 NUM = 300
 SIZE = 10000
@@ -17,19 +17,19 @@ def test_lists()
   # li2 must now be empty
   # remove each individual item from right side of li3 and
   # append to right side of li2 (reversing list)
-  while (not li3.empty?)
+  until li3.empty?
     li2.push(li3.pop)
   end
   # li3 must now be empty
   # reverse li1 in place
   li1.reverse!
   # check that first item is now SIZE
-  if li1[0] != SIZE then
+  if li1[0] != SIZE
     p "not SIZE"
     0
   else
     # compare li1 and li2 for equality
-    if li1 != li2 then
+    if li1 != li2
       return(0)
     else
       # return the length of the list
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ end
 
 i = 0
 while i<NUM
-  i+=1
+  i += 1
   result = test_lists()
 end
 

benchmark/plot.gpl

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+set yrange [0:]
+set terminal pngcairo font 'Sans, 8' lw 1 size 1400,1024
+set xtics rotate by -45
+set style histogram errorbars gap 2 lw 1
+set style fill solid border -1

bintest/mrbc.rb

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-require 'tempfile'
-
-assert('Compiling multiple files without new line in last line. #2361') do
-  a, b, out = Tempfile.new('a.rb'), Tempfile.new('b.rb'), Tempfile.new('out.mrb')
-  a.write('module A; end')
-  a.flush
-  b.write('module B; end')
-  b.flush
-  result = `bin/mrbc -c -o #{out.path} #{a.path} #{b.path} 2>&1`
-  assert_equal "bin/mrbc:#{a.path}:Syntax OK", result.chomp
-  assert_equal 0, $?.exitstatus
-end

build_config.rb

@@ -1,124 +1,9 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-  # load specific toolchain settings
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # Use mrbgems
-  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example'
-  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_extension_example' do |g|
-  #   g.cc.flags << '-g' # append cflags in this gem
-  # end
-  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example'
-  # conf.gem :github => 'masuidrive/mrbgems-example', :checksum_hash => '76518e8aecd131d047378448ac8055fa29d974a9'
-  # conf.gem :git => 'git@github.com:masuidrive/mrbgems-example.git', :branch => 'master', :options => '-v'
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-  # C compiler settings
-  # conf.cc do |cc|
-  #   cc.command = ENV['CC'] || 'gcc'
-  #   cc.flags = [ENV['CFLAGS'] || %w()]
-  #   cc.include_paths = ["#{root}/include"]
-  #   cc.defines = %w(DISABLE_GEMS)
-  #   cc.option_include_path = '-I%s'
-  #   cc.option_define = '-D%s'
-  #   cc.compile_options = "%{flags} -MMD -o %{outfile} -c %{infile}"
-  # end
-
-  # mrbc settings
-  # conf.mrbc do |mrbc|
-  #   mrbc.compile_options = "-g -B%{funcname} -o-" # The -g option is required for line numbers
-  # end
-
-  # Linker settings
-  # conf.linker do |linker|
-  #   linker.command = ENV['LD'] || 'gcc'
-  #   linker.flags = [ENV['LDFLAGS'] || []]
-  #   linker.flags_before_libraries = []
-  #   linker.libraries = %w()
-  #   linker.flags_after_libraries = []
-  #   linker.library_paths = []
-  #   linker.option_library = '-l%s'
-  #   linker.option_library_path = '-L%s'
-  #   linker.link_options = "%{flags} -o %{outfile} %{objs} %{libs}"
-  # end
-
-  # Archiver settings
-  # conf.archiver do |archiver|
-  #   archiver.command = ENV['AR'] || 'ar'
-  #   archiver.archive_options = 'rs %{outfile} %{objs}'
-  # end
-
-  # Parser generator settings
-  # conf.yacc do |yacc|
-  #   yacc.command = ENV['YACC'] || 'bison'
-  #   yacc.compile_options = '-o %{outfile} %{infile}'
-  # end
-
-  # gperf settings
-  # conf.gperf do |gperf|
-  #   gperf.command = 'gperf'
-  #   gperf.compile_options = '-L ANSI-C -C -p -j1 -i 1 -g -o -t -N mrb_reserved_word -k"1,3,$" %{infile} > %{outfile}'
-  # end
-
-  # file extensions
-  # conf.exts do |exts|
-  #   exts.object = '.o'
-  #   exts.executable = '' # '.exe' if Windows
-  #   exts.library = '.a'
-  # end
-
-  # file separetor
-  # conf.file_separator = '/'
-
-  # bintest
-  # conf.enable_bintest
-end
-
-MRuby::Build.new('host-debug') do |conf|
-  # load specific toolchain settings
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-  # C compiler settings
-  conf.cc.defines = %w(ENABLE_DEBUG)
-
-  # Generate mruby debugger command (require mruby-eval)
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-bin-debugger"
-
-  # bintest
-  # conf.enable_bintest
-end
-
-# Define cross build settings
-# MRuby::CrossBuild.new('32bit') do |conf|
-#   toolchain :gcc
+# The default build configuration file was moved to `build_config/default.rb`.
 #
-#   conf.cc.flags << "-m32"
-#   conf.linker.flags << "-m32"
-#
-#   conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
-#
-#   conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example'
-#
-#   conf.test_runner.command = 'env'
-#
-# end
+# Recommended way to customize the build configuration is:
+#  * copy `default.rb` (or any config file) to a new file (e.g. `myconfig.rb`)
+#  * edit `myconfig.rb`.
+#  * `rake MRUBY_CONFIG=/path/to/myconfig.rb` to compile and test.
+#  * or `rake MRUBY_CONFIG=myconfig` if your configuration file is in the `build_config` directory.
+#  * (optional) submit your configuration as a pull-request if it's useful for others
+raise "The default configuration was moved to `build_config/default.rb`"

build_config/ArduinoDue.rb

@@ -1,21 +1,5 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-end
-
 # Cross Compiling configuration for Arduino Due
-# http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDue
+# https://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDue
 #
 # Requires Arduino IDE >= 1.5
 MRuby::CrossBuild.new("ArduinoDue") do |conf|
@@ -27,7 +11,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("ArduinoDue") do |conf|
   # ARDUINO_PATH = '/Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Java'
   # GNU Linux
   ARDUINO_PATH = '/opt/arduino'
-   # Arduino IDE <= 1.5.6
+  # Arduino IDE <= 1.5.6
   BIN_PATH = "#{ARDUINO_PATH}/hardware/tools/g++_arm_none_eabi/bin"
   # Arduino IDE >= 1.5.7
   # BIN_PATH = "#{ARDUINO_PATH}/hardware/tools/gcc-arm-none-eabi-4.8.3-2014q1/bin"
@@ -42,15 +26,13 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("ArduinoDue") do |conf|
     cc.flags = %w(-g -Os -w -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -nostdlib --param max-inline-insns-single=500
                 -Dprintf=iprintf -mcpu=cortex-m3 -DF_CPU=84000000L -DARDUINO=156 -DARDUINO_SAM_DUE -DARDUINO_ARCH_SAM
                 -D__SAM3X8E__ -mthumb -DUSB_PID=0x003e -DUSB_VID=0x2341 -DUSBCON -DUSB_MANUFACTURER="Unknown" -DUSB_PRODUCT="Arduino Due")
-    cc.compile_options = "%{flags} -o %{outfile} -c %{infile}"
+    cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
 
     #configuration for low memory environment
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE=64)
-    cc.defines << %w(MRB_USE_IV_SEGLIST)
     cc.defines << %w(KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE=8)
-    cc.defines << %w(MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE=20)
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_GC_STRESS)
-    #cc.defines << %w(DISABLE_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
+    #cc.defines << %w(MRB_NO_STDIO) #if you don't need stdio.
     #cc.defines << %w(POOL_PAGE_SIZE=1000) #effective only for use with mruby-eval
   end
 
@@ -65,7 +47,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("ArduinoDue") do |conf|
 
   conf.archiver do |archiver|
     archiver.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/arm-none-eabi-ar"
-    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs %{outfile} %{objs}'
+    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
   end
 
   #no executables

build_config/IntelEdison.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Cross-compiling setup for Intel Edison (poky linux) platform
+# Get SDK from here: https://software.intel.com/en-us/iot/hardware/edison/downloads
+# REMEMBER to check and update the SDK root in the constant POKY_EDISON_PATH
+
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  toolchain :gcc
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_USE_READLINE)
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  #lightweight regular expression
+  conf.gem :github => "pbosetti/mruby-hs-regexp", :branch => "master"
+
+end
+
+# Define cross build settings
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('core2-32-poky-linux') do |conf|
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # Mac OS X
+  #
+  POKY_EDISON_PATH = '/opt/poky-edison/1.7.2'
+
+  POKY_EDISON_SYSROOT  = "#{POKY_EDISON_PATH}/sysroots/core2-32-poky-linux"
+  POKY_EDISON_X86_PATH = "#{POKY_EDISON_PATH}/sysroots/i386-pokysdk-darwin"
+  POKY_EDISON_BIN_PATH = "#{POKY_EDISON_X86_PATH}/usr/bin/i586-poky-linux"
+
+
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.command = "#{POKY_EDISON_BIN_PATH}/i586-poky-linux-gcc"
+    cc.include_paths << ["#{POKY_EDISON_SYSROOT}/usr/include", "#{POKY_EDISON_X86_PATH}/usr/include"]
+    cc.flags = %w(-m32 -march=core2 -mtune=core2 -msse3 -mfpmath=sse -mstackrealign -fno-omit-frame-pointer)
+    cc.flags << %w(-O2 -pipe -g -feliminate-unused-debug-types)
+    cc.flags << "--sysroot=#{POKY_EDISON_SYSROOT}"
+    cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
+    cc.defines = %w(MRB_USE_READLINE)
+  end
+
+  conf.cxx do |cxx|
+    cxx.command = "#{POKY_EDISON_BIN_PATH}/i586-poky-linux-g++"
+    cxx.include_paths = conf.cc.include_paths.dup
+    cxx.include_paths << ["#{POKY_EDISON_SYSROOT}/usr/include/c++/4.9.1"]
+    cxx.flags = conf.cc.flags.dup
+    cxx.defines = conf.cc.defines.dup
+    cxx.compile_options = conf.cc.compile_options.dup
+  end
+
+  conf.archiver do |archiver|
+    archiver.command = "#{POKY_EDISON_BIN_PATH}/i586-poky-linux-ar"
+    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
+  end
+
+  conf.linker do |linker|
+    linker.command = "#{POKY_EDISON_BIN_PATH}/i586-poky-linux-g++"
+    linker.flags = %w(-m32 -march=i586)
+    linker.flags << "--sysroot=#{POKY_EDISON_SYSROOT}"
+    linker.flags << %w(-O1)
+    linker.libraries = %w(m pthread)
+  end
+
+  #do not build executable test
+  conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  #lightweight regular expression
+  conf.gem :github => "pbosetti/mruby-hs-regexp", :branch => "master"
+
+end

build_config/IntelGalileo.rb

@@ -1,22 +1,5 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-end
-
-
 # Cross Compiling configuration for Intel Galileo on Arduino environment
-# http://arduino.cc/en/ArduinoCertified/IntelGalileo
+# https://arduino.cc/en/ArduinoCertified/IntelGalileo
 #
 # Requires Arduino IDE for Intel Galileo
 MRuby::CrossBuild.new("Galileo") do |conf|
@@ -39,7 +22,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("Galileo") do |conf|
     cc.flags = %w(-m32 -march=i586 -c -g -Os -w
               -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -MMD -DARDUINO=153)
     cc.flags << "--sysroot=#{GALILEO_SYSROOT}"
-    cc.compile_options = "%{flags} -o %{outfile} -c %{infile}"
+    cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
   end
 
   conf.cxx do |cxx|
@@ -54,7 +37,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("Galileo") do |conf|
 
   conf.archiver do |archiver|
     archiver.command = "#{GALILEO_BIN_PATH}/i586-poky-linux-uclibc-ar"
-    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs %{outfile} %{objs}'
+    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
   end
 
   conf.linker do |linker|
@@ -91,7 +74,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("Galileo") do |conf|
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-fiber"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-toplevel-ext"
 
-  #lightweigh regular expression
+  #lightweight regular expression
   conf.gem :github => "masamitsu-murase/mruby-hs-regexp", :branch => "master"
 
   #Arduino API

build_config/RX630.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+# Cross Compiling configuration for RX630
+# http://gadget.renesas.com/
+#
+# Requires gnurx_v14.03
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new("RX630") do |conf|
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # Linux
+  BIN_PATH = "/usr/share/gnurx_v14.03_elf-1/bin"
+
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/rx-elf-gcc"
+    cc.flags = "-Wall -g -O2 -flto -mcpu=rx600 -m64bit-doubles"
+    cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
+
+    #configuration for low memory environment
+    cc.defines << %w(MRB_USE_FLOAT32)
+    cc.defines << %w(MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE=64)
+    cc.defines << %w(KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE=8)
+    cc.defines << %w(MRB_GC_STRESS)
+    cc.defines << %w(MRB_NO_STDIO) #if you don't need stdio.
+    #cc.defines << %w(POOL_PAGE_SIZE=1000) #effective only for use with mruby-eval
+  end
+
+  conf.cxx do |cxx|
+    cxx.command = conf.cc.command.dup
+    cxx.include_paths = conf.cc.include_paths.dup
+    cxx.flags = conf.cc.flags.dup
+    cxx.defines = conf.cc.defines.dup
+    cxx.compile_options = conf.cc.compile_options.dup
+  end
+
+  conf.linker do |linker|
+    linker.command="#{BIN_PATH}/rx-elf-ld"
+  end
+
+  conf.archiver do |archiver|
+    archiver.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/rx-elf-ar"
+    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
+  end
+
+  #no executables
+  conf.bins = []
+
+  #do not build executable test
+  conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  #disable C++ exception
+  conf.disable_cxx_exception
+
+  #gems from core
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-sprintf"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-print"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-math"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enum-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-numeric-ext"
+
+  #light-weight regular expression
+  #conf.gem :github => "masamitsu-murase/mruby-hs-regexp", :branch => "master"
+
+  #Arduino API
+  #conf.gem :github =>"kyab/mruby-arduino", :branch => "master"
+
+end

build_config/android_arm64_v8a.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Requires Android NDK r13 or later.
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-arm64-v8a') do |conf|
+  params = {
+    :arch => 'arm64-v8a',
+    :platform => 'android-24',
+    :toolchain => :clang,
+  }
+  toolchain :android, params
+
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+end

build_config/android_armeabi.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Requires Android NDK r13 or later.
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-armeabi') do |conf|
+  params = {
+    :arch => 'armeabi',
+    :platform => 'android-24',
+    :toolchain => :clang,
+  }
+  toolchain :android, params
+
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+end

build_config/android_armeabi_v7a_neon_hard.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Requires Android NDK r13 or later.
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-armeabi-v7a-neon-hard') do |conf|
+  params = {
+    :arch => 'armeabi-v7a',
+    :mfpu => 'neon',
+    :mfloat_abi => 'hard',
+    :platform => 'android-24',
+    :toolchain => :clang,
+  }
+  toolchain :android, params
+
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+end

build_config/bench.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+MRuby::Build.new('bench') do |conf|
+  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
+  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
+    toolchain :visualcpp
+  else
+    toolchain :gcc
+    conf.cc.flags << '-O3'
+  end
+
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+end

build_config/boxing.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+boxings = %w[no word nan]
+bits = [64, 32]
+ints = [64, 32]
+
+boxings.product(bits, ints) do |boxing, bit, int|
+  MRuby::Build.new("boxing-#{boxing}-m#{bit}-i#{int}") do |conf|
+    conf.toolchain :gcc
+    conf.gembox 'default'
+    conf.compilers.each do |c|
+      c.defines << "MRB_#{boxing.upcase}_BOXING"
+      c.defines << "MRB_INT#{int}"
+      c.flags << "-m#{bit}"
+    end
+    conf.linker.flags << "-m#{bit}"
+    conf.enable_debug
+    conf.enable_test
+    conf.enable_bintest
+  end
+end

build_config/chipKITMax32.rb

@@ -1,21 +1,5 @@
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
-
-  enable_debug
-
-  # include the default GEMs
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-
-end
-
 # Cross Compiling configuration for Digilent chipKIT Max32
-# http://www.digilentinc.com/Products/Detail.cfm?Prod=CHIPKIT-MAX32
+# https://www.digilentinc.com/Products/Detail.cfm?Prod=CHIPKIT-MAX32
 #
 # Requires MPIDE (https://github.com/chipKIT32/chipKIT32-MAX)
 #
@@ -39,15 +23,13 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("chipKITMax32") do |conf|
     cc.flags = %w(-O2 -mno-smart-io -w -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -g -mdebugger -Wcast-align
                 -fno-short-double -mprocessor=32MX795F512L -DF_CPU=80000000L -DARDUINO=23 -D_BOARD_MEGA_
                 -DMPIDEVER=0x01000202 -DMPIDE=23)
-    cc.compile_options = "%{flags} -o %{outfile} -c %{infile}"
+    cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
 
     #configuration for low memory environment
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE=64)
-    cc.defines << %w(MRB_USE_IV_SEGLIST)
     cc.defines << %w(KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE=8)
-    cc.defines << %w(MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE=20)
     cc.defines << %w(MRB_GC_STRESS)
-    #cc.defines << %w(DISABLE_STDIO) #if you dont need stdio.
+    #cc.defines << %w(MRB_NO_STDIO) #if you don't need stdio.
     #cc.defines << %w(POOL_PAGE_SIZE=1000) #effective only for use with mruby-eval
   end
 
@@ -61,7 +43,7 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("chipKITMax32") do |conf|
 
   conf.archiver do |archiver|
     archiver.command = "#{PIC32_PATH}/compiler/pic32-tools/bin/pic32-ar"
-    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs %{outfile} %{objs}'
+    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
   end
 
   #no executables

build_config/ci/gcc-clang.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+STDOUT.sync = STDERR.sync = true unless Rake.application.options.always_multitask
+
+MRuby::Build.new('full-debug') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain
+  conf.enable_debug
+
+  # include all core GEMs
+  conf.gembox 'full-core'
+  conf.cc.defines += %w(MRB_GC_STRESS MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK MRB_UTF8_STRING)
+
+  conf.enable_test
+end
+
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  # include all core GEMs
+  conf.gembox 'full-core'
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-debugger'
+  conf.compilers.each do |c|
+    c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA MRB_UTF8_STRING)
+  end
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end
+
+MRuby::Build.new('cxx_abi') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  conf.gembox 'full-core'
+  conf.cc.flags += %w(-fpermissive -std=gnu++03)
+  conf.compilers.each do |c|
+    c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA MRB_UTF8_STRING)
+  end
+  conf.enable_test
+
+  conf.enable_cxx_abi
+
+  conf.build_mrbc_exec
+end

build_config/ci/msvc.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+STDOUT.sync = STDERR.sync = true unless Rake.application.options.always_multitask
+
+def setup_option(conf)
+  conf.cc.compile_options.sub!(%r{/Zi }, "") unless ENV['CFLAGS']
+  conf.cxx.compile_options.sub!(%r{/Zi }, "") unless ENV['CFLAGS'] || ENV['CXXFLAGS']
+  conf.linker.flags << "/DEBUG:NONE" unless ENV['LDFLAGS']
+end
+
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :visualcpp
+
+  # include all core GEMs
+  conf.gembox 'full-core'
+  conf.compilers.each do |c|
+    c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA)
+  end
+  setup_option(conf)
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/clang-asan.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :clang
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'full-core'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  conf.enable_sanitizer "address,undefined"
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/cross-32bit.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Define cross build settings
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('cross-32bit') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :gcc
+
+  conf.cc.flags << "-m32"
+  conf.linker.flags << "-m32"
+
+  # conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-bin-mruby"
+  conf.gem "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example"
+
+  conf.test_runner.command = 'env'
+end

build_config/cross-mingw-winetest.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+
+# Cross-compile using MinGW and test using Wine.
+#
+# Steps:
+#
+#   1. Install MinGW; 64-bit target seems to work best.
+#
+#   2. Install Wine.
+#
+#   3. Run command:
+#
+#           wine cmd /c echo "Hello world"'
+#
+#      This will confirm that Wine works and will trigger standard
+#      Wine setup, which is slow.
+#
+#   4. Confirm that drive 'z:' is mapped to your root filesystem.
+#      (This is supposed to be a default but it helps to
+#      double-check.)  To confirm, run:
+#
+#           wine cmd /c dir 'z:\\'
+#
+#      This should give you a DOS-style equivalent of 'ls /'.  If not,
+#      you'll need to fix that with winecfg or by adding a symlink to
+#      '~/.wine/dosdevices'.
+#
+#   5. You will likely need to tweak the settings below to work with
+#      your configuration unless it is exactly like one of the platforms
+#      I've tested on (Ubuntu 20.04 or macOS using brew.)
+#
+#   6. Run the build command:
+#
+#           MRUBY_CONFIG=build_config/cross-mingw-winetest.rb rake test
+#
+#      If all goes well, you should now have Windows executables and a
+#      set of passing tests.
+#
+#
+#  Caveats:
+#
+#    1. This works by using a helper script that rewrites test output
+#       to make it look *nix-like and then handing it back to the test
+#       cases.  Some of the existing tests were (slightly) modified to
+#       make this easier but only for the 'full-core' gembox.  Other
+#       gems' bintests may or may not work with the helper script and
+#       may or may not be fixable by extending the script.
+#
+#   2.  MinGW and Wine are both complex and not very consistent so you
+#       will likely need to do some fiddling to get things to work.
+#
+#   3.  This script assumes you are running it on a *nix-style OS.
+#
+#   4.  I recommend building 64-bit targets only.  Building a 32-bit
+#       Windows binary with i686-w64-mingw32 seems to work (at least,
+#       it did for me) but the resulting executable failed a number of
+#       unit tests due to small errors in some floating point
+#       operations.  It's unclear if this indicates more serious problems.
+#
+
+
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new("cross-mingw-winetest") do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :gcc
+
+  conf.host_target = "x86_64-w64-mingw32"
+
+  # Ubuntu 20
+  conf.cc.command = "#{conf.host_target}-gcc-posix"
+
+  # macOS+Wine from brew
+  #conf.cc.command = "#{conf.host_target}-gcc"
+
+  conf.linker.command = conf.cc.command
+  conf.archiver.command = "#{conf.host_target}-gcc-ar"
+  conf.exts.executable = ".exe"
+
+  # By default, we compile as static as possible to remove runtime
+  # MinGW dependencies; they are probably fixable but it gets
+  # complicated.
+  conf.cc.flags = ['-static']
+  conf.linker.flags += ['-static']
+
+  conf.test_runner do |t|
+    thisdir = File.absolute_path( File.dirname(__FILE__) )
+    t.command = File.join(thisdir, * %w{ helpers wine_runner.rb})
+  end
+
+  conf.gembox "full-core"
+
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/cross-mingw.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#
+# Ubuntu 20.04 requires at least `gcc-mingw-w64-x86-64` package as a
+# cross compiler.
+#
+
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new("cross-mingw") do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :gcc
+  conf.host_target = "x86_64-w64-mingw32"  # required for `for_windows?` used by `mruby-socket` gem
+  conf.cc.command = "#{conf.host_target}-gcc-posix"
+  conf.linker.command = conf.cc.command
+  conf.archiver.command = "#{conf.host_target}-gcc-ar"
+  conf.exts.executable = ".exe"
+  conf.gembox "default"
+end

build_config/default.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  # Use mrbgems
+  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example'
+  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_extension_example' do |g|
+  #   g.cc.flags << '-g' # append cflags in this gem
+  # end
+  # conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example'
+  # conf.gem :core => 'mruby-eval'
+  # conf.gem :mgem => 'mruby-onig-regexp'
+  # conf.gem :github => 'mattn/mruby-onig-regexp'
+  # conf.gem :git => 'git@github.com:mattn/mruby-onig-regexp.git', :branch => 'master', :options => '-v'
+
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  # C compiler settings
+  # conf.cc do |cc|
+  #   cc.command = ENV['CC'] || 'gcc'
+  #   cc.flags = [ENV['CFLAGS'] || %w()]
+  #   cc.include_paths = ["#{root}/include"]
+  #   cc.defines = %w()
+  #   cc.option_include_path = %q[-I"%s"]
+  #   cc.option_define = '-D%s'
+  #   cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -MMD -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
+  # end
+
+  # mrbc settings
+  # conf.mrbc do |mrbc|
+  #   mrbc.compile_options = "-g -B%{funcname} -o-" # The -g option is required for line numbers
+  # end
+
+  # Linker settings
+  # conf.linker do |linker|
+  #   linker.command = ENV['LD'] || 'gcc'
+  #   linker.flags = [ENV['LDFLAGS'] || []]
+  #   linker.flags_before_libraries = []
+  #   linker.libraries = %w()
+  #   linker.flags_after_libraries = []
+  #   linker.library_paths = []
+  #   linker.option_library = '-l%s'
+  #   linker.option_library_path = '-L%s'
+  #   linker.link_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" %{objs} %{libs}]
+  # end
+
+  # Archiver settings
+  # conf.archiver do |archiver|
+  #   archiver.command = ENV['AR'] || 'ar'
+  #   archiver.archive_options = 'rs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
+  # end
+
+  # Parser generator settings
+  # conf.yacc do |yacc|
+  #   yacc.command = ENV['YACC'] || 'bison'
+  #   yacc.compile_options = %q[-o "%{outfile}" "%{infile}"]
+  # end
+
+  # gperf settings
+  # conf.gperf do |gperf|
+  #   gperf.command = 'gperf'
+  #   gperf.compile_options = %q[-L ANSI-C -C -p -j1 -i 1 -g -o -t -N mrb_reserved_word -k"1,3,$" "%{infile}" > "%{outfile}"]
+  # end
+
+  # file extensions
+  # conf.exts do |exts|
+  #   exts.object = '.o'
+  #   exts.executable = '' # '.exe' if Windows
+  #   exts.library = '.a'
+  # end
+
+  # file separator
+  # conf.file_separator = '/'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  # conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/dreamcast_shelf.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+# Cross Compiling configuration for the Sega Dreamcast
+# https://dreamcast.wiki/Using_Ruby_for_Sega_Dreamcast_development
+#
+# Requires KallistiOS (KOS)
+# http://gamedev.allusion.net/softprj/kos/
+#
+# Tested on GNU/Linux, macOS and Windows (through MinGW-w64/MSYS2, Cygwin and DreamSDK).
+# DreamSDK is based on MinGW/MSYS: https://dreamsdk.org/
+#
+# Input this command on the directory where mruby is installed:
+#   make MRUBY_CONFIG=dreamcast_shelf
+#
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new("dreamcast") do |conf|
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # Support for DreamSDK (based on MinGW/MSYS)
+  # To compile mruby with DreamSDK, RubyInstaller for Windows should be installed
+  DREAMSDK_HOME = ENV["DREAMSDK_HOME"]
+  MSYS_ROOT = !(DREAMSDK_HOME.nil? || DREAMSDK_HOME.empty?) ? "#{DREAMSDK_HOME}/msys/1.0" : ""
+
+  # Setting paths
+  DREAMCAST_PATH = "#{MSYS_ROOT}/opt/toolchains/dc"
+  KOS_PATH = "#{DREAMCAST_PATH}/kos"
+  BIN_PATH = "#{DREAMCAST_PATH}/sh-elf/bin"
+
+  # C compiler
+  # Flags were extracted from KallistiOS environment files
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/sh-elf-gcc"
+    cc.include_paths << ["#{KOS_PATH}/include", "#{KOS_PATH}/kernel/arch/dreamcast/include", "#{KOS_PATH}/addons/include", "#{KOS_PATH}/../kos-ports/include"]
+    cc.flags << ["-O2", "-fomit-frame-pointer", "-ml", "-m4-single-only", "-ffunction-sections", "-fdata-sections", "-Wall", "-g", "-fno-builtin", "-ml", "-m4-single-only", "-Wl,-Ttext=0x8c010000", "-Wl,--gc-sections", "-T#{KOS_PATH}/utils/ldscripts/shlelf.xc", "-nodefaultlibs"]
+    cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
+    cc.defines << %w(_arch_dreamcast)
+    cc.defines << %w(_arch_sub_pristine)
+  end
+
+  # C++ compiler
+  conf.cxx do |cxx|
+    cxx.command = conf.cc.command.dup
+    cxx.include_paths = conf.cc.include_paths.dup
+    cxx.flags = conf.cc.flags.dup
+    cxx.flags << %w(-fno-rtti -fno-exceptions)
+    cxx.defines = conf.cc.defines.dup
+    cxx.compile_options = conf.cc.compile_options.dup
+  end
+
+  # Linker
+  # There is an issue when making the mruby library with KallistiOS:
+  # 'newlib_kill.o' and 'newlib_getpid.o' aren't found so they are explicitly
+  # specified here at least for now.
+  conf.linker do |linker|
+    linker.command="#{BIN_PATH}/sh-elf-gcc"
+    linker.flags << ["#{MSYS_ROOT}/opt/toolchains/dc/kos/kernel/build/newlib_kill.o", "#{MSYS_ROOT}/opt/toolchains/dc/kos/kernel/build/newlib_getpid.o", "-Wl,--start-group -lkallisti -lc -lgcc -Wl,--end-group"]
+    linker.library_paths << ["#{KOS_PATH}/lib/dreamcast", "#{KOS_PATH}/addons/lib/dreamcast", "#{KOS_PATH}/../kos-ports/lib"]
+  end
+
+  # Archiver
+  conf.archiver do |archiver|
+    archiver.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/sh-elf-ar"
+    archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
+  end
+
+  # No executables
+  conf.bins = []
+
+  # Do not build executable test
+  conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  # Disable C++ exception
+  conf.disable_cxx_exception
+
+  # Gems from core
+  # Some Gems are incompatible and were disabled.
+
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-array-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-binding"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-catch"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-class-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-cmath"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-compar-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-compiler"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-complex"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enum-chain"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enum-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enum-lazy"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enumerator"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-error"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-eval"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-exit"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-fiber"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-hash-ext"
+#  conf.gem :core => "mruby-io"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-kernel-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-math"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-metaprog"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-method"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-numeric-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-object-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-objectspace"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-os-memsize"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-pack"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-print"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-proc-binding"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-proc-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-random"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-range-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-rational"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-sleep"
+#  conf.gem :core => "mruby-socket"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-sprintf"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-string-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-struct"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-symbol-ext"
+#  conf.gem :core => "mruby-test"
+#  conf.gem :core => "mruby-time"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-toplevel-ext"
+end

build_config/gameboyadvance.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+# Cross Compiling configuration for the Nintendo GameBoyAdvance.
+# This configuration requires devkitARM
+# https://devkitpro.org/wiki/Getting_Started/devkitARM
+#
+# Tested only on GNU/Linux
+#
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new("gameboyadvance") do |conf|
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  DEVKITPRO_PATH = "/opt/devkitpro"
+  BIN_PATH = "#{DEVKITPRO_PATH}/devkitARM/bin"
+
+  # C compiler
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/arm-none-eabi-gcc"
+    cc.flags << ["-mthumb-interwork", "-mthumb", "-O2"]
+    cc.compile_options = %(%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}")
+  end
+
+  # C++ compiler
+  conf.cxx do |cxx|
+    cxx.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/arm-none-eabi-g++"
+    cxx.include_paths = conf.cc.include_paths.dup
+    cxx.flags = conf.cc.flags.dup
+    cxx.flags << %w[-fno-rtti -fno-exceptions]
+    cxx.defines = conf.cc.defines.dup
+    cxx.compile_options = conf.cc.compile_options.dup
+  end
+
+  # Linker
+  conf.linker do |linker|
+    linker.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/arm-none-eabi-gcc"
+    linker.flags << ["-mthumb-interwork", "-mthumb", "-specs=gba.specs"]
+  end
+
+  # No executables
+  conf.bins = []
+
+  # Do not build executable test
+  conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  # Disable C++ exception
+  conf.disable_cxx_exception
+
+  # Gems from core
+  # removing mruby-io
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-metaprog"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-pack"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-sprintf"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-print"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-math"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-time"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-struct"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-compar-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-enum-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-string-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-numeric-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-array-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-hash-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-range-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-proc-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-symbol-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-random"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-object-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-objectspace"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-fiber"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-enumerator"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-enum-lazy"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-toplevel-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-kernel-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-class-ext"
+  conf.gem core: "mruby-compiler"
+end

build_config/helpers/wine_runner.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+# Wrapper for running tests for cross-compiled Windows builds in Wine.
+
+require 'open3'
+
+DOSROOT = 'z:'
+
+# Rewrite test output to replace DOS-isms with Unix-isms.
+def clean(output, stderr = false)
+  ends_with_newline = !!(output =~ /\n$/)
+  executable = ARGV[0].gsub(/\.exe\z/i, '')
+
+  # Fix line-ends
+  output = output.gsub(/\r\n/, "\n")
+
+  # Strip out Wine messages
+
+
+  results = output.split(/\n/).map do |line|
+    # Fix file paths
+    if line =~ /#{DOSROOT}\\/i
+      line.gsub!(/#{DOSROOT}([^:]*)/i) { |path|
+        path.gsub!(/^#{DOSROOT}/i, '')
+        path.gsub!(%r{\\}, '/')
+        path
+      }
+    end
+
+    # strip '.exe' off the end of the executable's name if needed
+    line.gsub!(/(#{Regexp.escape executable})\.exe/i, '\1')
+
+    line
+  end
+
+  result_text = results.join("\n")
+  result_text += "\n" if ends_with_newline
+  return result_text
+end
+
+
+def main
+  if ARGV.empty? || ARGV[0] =~ /^- (-?) (\?|help|h) $/x
+    puts "#{$0} <command-line>"
+    exit 0
+  end
+
+  # For simplicity, just read all of stdin into memory and pass that
+  # as an argument when invoking wine.  (Skipped if STDIN was not
+  # redirected.)
+  if !STDIN.tty?
+    input = STDIN.read
+  else
+    input = ""
+  end
+
+  # Disable all Wine messages so they don't interfere with the output
+  ENV['WINEDEBUG'] = 'err-all,warn-all,fixme-all,trace-all'
+
+  # Run the program in wine and capture the output
+  output, errormsg, status = Open3.capture3('wine', *ARGV, :stdin_data => input)
+
+  # Clean and print the results.
+  STDOUT.write clean(output)
+  STDERR.write clean(errormsg)
+
+  exit(status.exitstatus)
+end
+
+
+main()

build_config/host-cxx.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  # include the default GEMs
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  # C compiler settings
+  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK)
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_cxx_abi
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/host-debug.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+MRuby::Build.new('host') do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  conf.enable_debug
+
+  # include the default GEMs
+  conf.gembox 'full-core'
+
+  # C compiler settings
+  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK MRB_NO_BOXING)
+
+  # Generate mruby debugger command (require mruby-eval)
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-bin-debugger"
+
+  # test
+  conf.enable_test
+  # bintest
+  conf.enable_bintest
+end

build_config/host-f32.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  conf.cc.defines << 'MRB_USE_FLOAT32'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_test
+  conf.enable_bintest
+end

build_config/host-gprof.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  conf.cc.flags << '-pg'
+  conf.linker.flags << '-pg'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/host-m32.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  conf.cc.flags << '-m32'
+  conf.linker.flags << '-m32'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_test
+  conf.enable_bintest
+end

build_config/host-nofloat.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox "stdlib"
+  conf.gembox "stdlib-ext"
+  conf.gembox "stdlib-io"
+  conf.gembox "metaprog"
+
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-mruby'
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-mirb'
+
+  # Add configuration
+  conf.compilers.each do |c|
+    c.defines << "MRB_NO_FLOAT"
+  end
+
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_test
+  conf.enable_bintest
+end

build_config/host-shared.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  # load specific toolchain settings
+
+  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
+  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
+    toolchain :visualcpp
+  else
+    toolchain :gcc
+  end
+
+  # include the GEM box
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  # C compiler settings
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.flags = '-fPIC'
+  end
+
+  conf.archiver do |archiver|
+    archiver.command = 'gcc'
+    archiver.archive_options = '-shared -o %{outfile} %{objs}'
+  end
+
+  # file extensions
+  conf.exts do |exts|
+    exts.library = '.so'
+  end
+
+  # file separator
+  # conf.file_separator = '/'
+
+  # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
+  conf.enable_debug
+  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/minimal.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('minimal') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :gcc
+  conf.cc.defines << 'MRB_NO_STDIO'
+end

build_config/mrbc.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
+    conf.toolchain :visualcpp
+  else
+    conf.toolchain :gcc
+  end
+
+  conf.build_mrbc_exec
+  conf.disable_libmruby
+  conf.disable_presym
+end

build_config/nintendo_switch.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+# Cross Compiling configuration for the Nintendo Switch, it requires Nintendo SDK
+# Tested on windows
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('nintendo_switch_32bit') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :clang
+  NINTENDO_SDK_PATH = ENV['NINTENDO_SDK_ROOT']
+
+  include_paths = [
+    "#{NINTENDO_SDK_PATH}/Include",
+    "#{NINTENDO_SDK_PATH}/Common/Configs/Targets/NX-NXFP2-a32/Include"
+  ]
+
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.command = "#{NINTENDO_SDK_PATH}/Compilers/NX/bin/nx-clang++"
+    cc.include_paths += include_paths
+    cc.flags += ['-fpic -fno-short-enums -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-common -fno-strict-aliasing -fomit-frame-pointer -fno-vectorize -funsigned-char -O2 -g -mno-implicit-float']
+    cc.defines += 'NN_SDK_BUILD_RELEASE'
+  end
+
+  conf.cxx do |cxx|
+    cxx.command = "#{NINTENDO_SDK_PATH}/Compilers/NX/bin/nx-clang++"
+    cxx.include_paths += include_paths
+    cxx.flags += ['-fpic -fno-short-enums -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-common -fno-strict-aliasing -fomit-frame-pointer -fno-vectorize -funsigned-char -O2 -g -mno-implicit-float']
+    cxx.defines += 'NN_SDK_BUILD_RELEASE'
+  end
+
+  conf.archiver do |archiver|
+    archiver.command = "#{NINTENDO_SDK_PATH}/Compilers/NX/nx/armv7l/bin/llvm-ar"
+  end
+
+  conf.linker do |linker|
+    linker.command = "#{NINTENDO_SDK_PATH}/Compilers/NX/nx/armv7l/bin/clang++"
+    linker.libraries = []
+  end
+
+  # Add your mrbgems
+end
+
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('nintendo_switch_64bit') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :clang
+  NINTENDO_SDK_PATH = ENV['NINTENDO_SDK_ROOT']
+
+  include_paths = [
+    "#{NINTENDO_SDK_PATH}/Include",
+    "#{NINTENDO_SDK_PATH}/Common/Configs/Targets/NX-NXFP2-a64/Include"
+  ]
+
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.command = "#{NINTENDO_SDK_PATH}/Compilers/NX/bin/nx-clang++"
+    cc.include_paths += include_paths
+    cc.flags += ['-fpic -fno-short-enums -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-common -fno-strict-aliasing -fomit-frame-pointer -fno-vectorize -funsigned-char -O2 -g -mno-implicit-float']
+    cc.flags << '--target=aarch64-nintendo-nx-elf'
+    cc.defines += 'NN_SDK_BUILD_RELEASE'
+  end
+
+  conf.cxx do |cxx|
+    cxx.command = "#{NINTENDO_SDK_PATH}/Compilers/NX/bin/nx-clang++"
+    cxx.include_paths += include_paths
+    cxx.flags += ['-fpic -fno-short-enums -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -fno-common -fno-strict-aliasing -fomit-frame-pointer -fno-vectorize -funsigned-char -O2 -g -mno-implicit-float']
+    cxx.flags << '--target=aarch64-nintendo-nx-elf'
+    cxx.defines += 'NN_SDK_BUILD_RELEASE'
+  end
+
+  conf.archiver do |archiver|
+    archiver.command = "#{NINTENDO_SDK_PATH}/Compilers/NX/nx/aarch64/bin/llvm-ar"
+  end
+
+  conf.linker do |linker|
+    linker.command = "#{NINTENDO_SDK_PATH}/Compilers/NX/nx/aarch64/bin/clang++"
+    linker.libraries = []
+  end
+
+  # Add your mrbgems
+end

build_config/serenity.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Cross compiling configuration for SerenityOS
+# Graphical Unix-like operating system for x86 computers.
+# https://github.com/SerenityOS/serenity
+#
+# Should be built using the SerenityOS Ports system
+# https://github.com/SerenityOS/serenity/tree/master/Ports
+#
+# As of 2021/08/20, SERENITY_ARCH is defined in the SerenityOS Ports
+# build script to always be either "i686" or "x86_64"
+
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('serenity') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :gcc
+
+  conf.archiver.command = "#{ENV['SERENITY_ARCH']}-pc-serenity-ar"
+  conf.linker.command = "#{ENV['SERENITY_ARCH']}-pc-serenity-g++"
+
+  conf.cxx.command = "#{ENV['SERENITY_ARCH']}-pc-serenity-g++"
+  conf.cxx.defines << (ENV['SERENITY_ARCH'].include?('64') ? 'MRB_64BIT' : 'MRB_32BIT')
+
+  conf.cc.command = "#{ENV['SERENITY_ARCH']}-pc-serenity-gcc"
+  conf.cc.defines << (ENV['SERENITY_ARCH'].include?('64') ? 'MRB_64BIT' : 'MRB_32BIT')
+
+  conf.gembox 'full-core'
+
+  conf.test_runner.command = 'env'
+end

codespell.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+ans
+ba
+creat
+delet
+disabl
+filetest
+fo
+hel
+hist
+ist
+methid
+nd
+quitt
+remore
+runn
+sting
+upto

doc/api/README.md

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# C API Reference
-
-This is a C API Reference.
-The structure of this document will follow the directory structure of `include/` directory.
-
-## Headers list
-Header name|Features
------------|--------
-[mrbconf.h](../mrbconf/README.md)|Defines macros for mruby configurations.
-[mruby.h](./mruby.h.md)|Main header of mruby C API. Include this first.
-[mruby/array.h](./mruby.array.h.md)|`Array` class.
-[mruby/class.h](./mruby.class.h.md)|`Class` class.
-[mruby/compile.h](./mruby.compile.h.md)|mruby compiler.
-[mruby/data.h](./mruby.data.h.md)|User defined object.
-[mruby/debug.h](./mruby.debug.h.md)|Debugging.
-[mruby/dump.h](./mruby.dump.h.md)|Dumping compiled mruby script.
-[mruby/error.h](./mruby.error.h.md)|Error handling.
-[mruby/gc.h](./mruby.gc.h.md)|Uncommon memory management stuffs.
-[mruby/hash.h](./mruby.hash.h.md)|`Hash` class.
-[mruby/irep.h](./mruby.irep.h.md)|Compiled mruby script.
-[mruby/khash.h](./mruby.khash.h.md)|Defines of khash which is used in hash table of mruby.
-[mruby/numeric.h](./mruby.numeric.h.md)|`Numeric` class and sub-classes of it.
-[mruby/opode.h](./mruby.opcode.h.md)|Operation codes used in mruby VM.
-[mruby/proc.h](./mruby.proc.h.md)|`Proc` class.
-[mruby/range.h](./mruby.range.h.md)|`Range` class.
-[mruby/re.h](./mruby.re.h.md)|`Regexp` class.
-[mruby/string.h](./mruby.string.h.md)|`String` class.
-[mruby/value.h](./mruby.value.h.md)|`mrb_value` functions and macros.
-[mruby/variable.h](./mruby.variable.h.md)|Functions to access to mruby variables.
-[mruby/version.h](./mruby.version.h.md)|Macros of mruby version.

doc/api/mruby.h.md

@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-# mruby.h
-
-Basic header of mruby.
-It includes **mrbconf.h**, **mruby/value.h**, **mruby/version.h** internally.
-
-## `mrb_state` management
-
-### mrb_open
-```C
-mrb_state* mrb_open();
-```
-Creates new `mrb_state`.
-
-### mrb_allocf
-```C
-typedef void* (*mrb_allocf) (struct mrb_state *mrb, void *ptr, size_t s, void *ud);
-```
-Function pointer type of custom allocator used in `mrb_open_allocf`.
-
-The function pointing it must behave similarly as `realloc` except:
-* If `ptr` is `NULL` it must allocate new space.
-* If `s` is `NULL`, `ptr` must be freed.
-
-### mrb_open_allocf
-```C
-mrb_state* mrb_open_allocf(mrb_allocf f, void *ud);
-```
-Create new `mrb_state` with custom allocator.
-`ud` will be passed to custom allocator `f`.
-If user data isn't required just pass `NULL`.
-Function pointer `f` must satisfy requirements of its type.
-
-### mrb_close
-```C
-void mrb_close(mrb_state *mrb);
-```
-Deletes `mrb_state`.
-
-## Method
-
-### mrb_get_args
-```C
-int mrb_get_args(mrb_state *mrb, const char *format, ...);
-```
-Retrieve arguments from `mrb_state`.
-Use it inside a function pointed by `mrb_func_t`.
-It returns number of function retrieved.
-`format` is a list of following format specifier:
-
-char|mruby type|retrieve types|note
-:---:|----------|--------------|---
-`o`|`Object`|`mrb_value`|Could be used to retreive any type of argument
-`C`|`Class`/`Module`|`mrb_value`|
-`S`|`String`|`mrb_value`|
-`A`|`Array`|`mrb_value`|
-`H`|`Hash`|`mrb_value`|
-`s`|`String`|`char*`, `mrb_int`|
-`z`|`String`|`char*`|
-`a`|`Array`|`mrb_value*`, `mrb_int`|
-`f`|`Float`|`mrb_float`|
-`i`|`Integer`|`mrb_int`|
-`b`|boolean|`mrb_bool`|
-`n`|`Symbol`|`mrb_sym`|
-`&`|block|`mrb_value`|
-`*`|rest arguments|`mrb_value*`, `mrb_int`|Receive the rest of arguments as an array.
-<code>&#124;</code>|optional||After this spec following specs would be optional.
-`?`|optional given|`mrb_bool`|True if preceding argument is given. Used to check optional argument is given.
-
-The passing variadic arguments must be a pointer of retrieving type.

doc/compile/README.md

@@ -1,481 +0,0 @@
-# Compile
-
-mruby uses Rake to compile and cross-compile all libraries and
-binaries.
-
-## Prerequisites
-
-To compile mruby out of the source code you need the following tools:
-* C Compiler (i.e. ```gcc```)
-* Linker (i.e. ```gcc```)
-* Archive utility (i.e. ```ar```)
-* Parser generator (i.e. ```bison```)
-* Ruby 1.8 or 1.9 (i.e. ```ruby``` or ```jruby```)
-
-Optional:
-* GIT (to update mruby source and integrate mrbgems easier)
-* C++ compiler (to use GEMs which include \*.cpp, \*.cxx, \*.cc)
-* Assembler (to use GEMs which include \*.asm)
-
-## Usage
-
-Inside of the root directory of the mruby source a file exists
-called *build_config.rb*. This file contains the build configuration
-of mruby and looks like this for example:
-```ruby
-MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
-end
-```
-
-All tools necessary to compile mruby can be set or modified here. In case
-you want to maintain an additional *build_config.rb* you can define a
-customized path using the *$MRUBY_CONFIG* environment variable.
-
-To compile just call ```./minirake``` inside of the mruby source root. To
-generate and execute the test tools call ```./minirake test```. To clean
-all build files call ```./minirake clean```. To see full command line on
-build, call ```./minirake -v```.
-
-## Build Configuration
-
-Inside of the *build_config.rb* the following options can be configured
-based on your environment.
-
-### Toolchains
-
-The mruby build system already contains a set of toolchain templates which
-configure the build environment for specific compiler infrastructures.
-
-#### GCC
-
-Toolchain configuration for the GNU C Compiler.
-```ruby
-toolchain :gcc
-```
-
-#### clang
-
-Toolchain configuration for the LLVM C Compiler clang. Mainly equal to the
-GCC toolchain.
-```ruby
-toolchain :clang
-```
-
-#### Visual Studio 2010, 2012 and 2013
-
-Toolchain configuration for Visual Studio on Windows. If you use the
-[Visual Studio Command Prompt](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms229859\(v=vs.110\).aspx),
-you normally do not have to specify this manually, since it gets automatically detected by our build process.
-```
-toolchain :visualcpp
-```
-
-#### Android
-
-Toolchain configuration for Android.
-```ruby
-toolchain :androideabi
-```
-
-Requires the custom standalone Android NDK and the toolchain path
-in ```ANDROID_STANDALONE_TOOLCHAIN```.
-
-### Binaries
-
-It is possible to select which tools should be compiled during the compilation
-process. The following tools can be selected:
-* mruby (mruby interpreter)
-* mirb (mruby interactive shell)
-
-To select them declare conf.gem as follows:
-```ruby
-conf.gem "#{root}/mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby"
-conf.gem "#{root}/mrbgems/mruby-bin-mirb"
-```
-
-### File Separator
-
-Some environments require a different file separator character. It is possible to
-set the character via ```conf.file_separator```.
-```ruby
-conf.file_separator = '/'
-```
-
-### C Compiler
-
-Configuration of the C compiler binary, flags and include paths.
-```ruby
-conf.cc do |cc|
-  cc.command = ...
-  cc.flags = ...
-  cc.include_paths = ...
-  cc.defines = ...
-  cc.option_include_path = ...
-  cc.option_define = ...
-  cc.compile_options = ...
-end
-```
-
-C Compiler has header searcher to detect installed library.
-
-If you need a include path of header file use ```search_header_path```:
-```ruby
-# Searches ```iconv.h```.
-# If found it will return include path of the header file.
-# Otherwise it will return nil .
-fail 'iconv.h not found' unless conf.cc.search_header_path 'iconv.h'
-```
-
-If you need a full file name of header file use ```search_header```:
-```ruby
-# Searches ```iconv.h```.
-# If found it will return full path of the header file.
-# Otherwise it will return nil .
-iconv_h = conf.cc.search_header 'iconv.h'
-print "iconv.h found: #{iconv_h}\n"
-```
-
-Header searcher uses compiler's ```include_paths``` by default.
-When you are using GCC toolchain (including clang toolchain since its base is gcc toolchain)
-it will use compiler specific include paths too. (For example ```/usr/local/include```, ```/usr/include```)
-
-If you need a special header search paths define a singleton method ```header_search_paths``` to C compiler:
-```ruby
-def conf.cc.header_search_paths
-  ['/opt/local/include'] + include_paths
-end
-```
-
-### Linker
-
-Configuration of the Linker binary, flags and library paths.
-```ruby
-conf.linker do |linker|
-  linker.command = ...
-  linker.flags = ...
-  linker.flags_before_libraries = ...
-  linker.libraries = ...
-  linker.flags_after_libraries = ...
-  linker.library_paths = ....
-  linker.option_library = ...
-  linker.option_library_path = ...
-  linker.link_options = ...
-end
-```
-
-### Archiver
-
-Configuration of the Archiver binary and flags.
-```ruby
-conf.archiver do |archiver|
-  archiver.command = ...
-  archiver.archive_options = ...
-end
-```
-
-### Parser Generator
-
-Configuration of the Parser Generator binary and flags.
-```ruby
-conf.yacc do |yacc|
-  yacc.command = ...
-  yacc.compile_options = ...
-end
-```
-
-### GPerf
-
-Configuration of the GPerf binary and flags.
-```ruby
-conf.gperf do |gperf|
-  gperf.command = ...
-  gperf.compile_options = ...
-end
-```
-
-### File Extensions
-```ruby
-conf.exts do |exts|
-  exts.object = ...
-  exts.executable = ...
-  exts.library = ...
-end
-```
-
-### Mrbgems
-
-Integrate GEMs in the build process.
-```ruby
-# Integrate GEM with additional configuration
-conf.gem 'path/to/gem' do |g|
-  g.cc.flags << ...
-end
-
-# Integrate GEM without additional configuration
-conf.gem 'path/to/another/gem'
-```
-
-See doc/mrbgems/README.md for more option about mrbgems.
-
-### Mrbtest
-
-Configuration Mrbtest build process.
-
-If you want mrbtest.a only, You should set ```conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only```
-```ruby
-conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
-```
-
-### Bintest
-
-Tests for mrbgem tools using CRuby.
-To have bintests place \*.rb scripts to ```bintest/``` directory of mrbgems.
-See ```mruby-bin-*/bintest/*.rb``` if you need examples.
-If you want a temporary files use `tempfile` module of CRuby instead of ```/tmp/```.
-
-You can enable it with following:
-```ruby
-conf.enable_bintest
-```
-
-### C++ ABI
-
-mruby can use C++ exception to raise exception internally.
-It is called C++ ABI mode.
-By using C++ exception it can release C++ stack object correctly.
-Whenever you mix C++ code C++ ABI mode would be enabled automatically.
-If you need to enable C++ ABI mode explicity add the following:
-```ruby
-conf.enable_cxx_abi
-```
-
-#### C++ exception disabling.
-
-If you need to force C++ exception disable
-(For example using a compiler option to disable C++ exception)
-add following:
-```ruby
-conf.disable_cxx_exception
-```
-
-Note that it must be called before ```enable_cxx_abi``` or ```gem``` method.
-
-### Debugging mode
-
-To enable debugging mode add the following:
-```ruby
-conf.enable_debug
-```
-
-When debugging mode is enabled
-* Macro ```MRB_DEBUG``` would be defined.
-	* Which means ```mrb_assert()``` macro is enabled.
-* Debug information of irep would be generated by ```mrbc```.
-	* Because ```-g``` flag would be added to ```mrbc``` runner.
-    * You can have better backtrace of mruby scripts with this.
-
-## Cross-Compilation
-
-mruby can also be cross-compiled from one platform to another. To
-achieve this the *build_config.rb* needs to contain an instance of
-```MRuby::CrossBuild```. This instance defines the compilation
-tools and flags for the target platform. An example could look
-like this:
-```ruby
-MRuby::CrossBuild.new('32bit') do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
-
-  conf.cc.flags << "-m32"
-  conf.linker.flags << "-m32"
-end
-```
-
-All configuration options of ```MRuby::Build``` can also be used
-in ```MRuby::CrossBuild```.
-
-### Mrbtest in Cross-Compilation
-
-In cross compilation, you can run ```mrbtest``` on emulator if
-you have it by changing configuration of test runner.
-```ruby
-conf.test_runner do |t|
-  t.command = ... # set emulator. this value must be non nil or false
-  t.flags = ... # set flags of emulator
-
-  def t.run(bin) # override `run` if you need to change the behavior of it
-    ... # `bin` is the full path of mrbtest
-  end
-end
-```
-
-## Build process
-
-During the build process the directory *build* will be created in the
-root directory. The structure of this directory will look like this:
-
-	+- build
-	   |
-	   +-  host
-	       |
-	       +- bin          <- Binaries (mirb, mrbc and mruby)
-	       |
-	       +- lib          <- Libraries (libmruby.a and libmruby_core.a)
-	       |
-	       +- mrblib
-	       |
-	       +- src
-	       |
-	       +- test         <- mrbtest tool
-	       |
-	       +- tools
-	          |
-	          +- mirb
-	          |
-	          +- mrbc
-	          |
-	          +- mruby
-
-The compilation workflow will look like this:
-* compile all files under *src* (object files will be stored
-in *build/host/src*)
-* generate parser grammar out of *src/parse.y* (generated
-result will be stored in *build/host/src/y.tab.c*)
-* compile  *build/host/src/y.tab.c* to  *build/host/src/y.tab.o*
-* create *build/host/lib/libmruby_core.a* out of all object files (C only)
-* create ```build/host/bin/mrbc``` by compiling *tools/mrbc/mrbc.c* and
-linking with *build/host/lib/libmruby_core.a*
-* create *build/host/mrblib/mrblib.c* by compiling all \*.rb files
-under *mrblib* with ```build/host/bin/mrbc```
-* compile *build/host/mrblib/mrblib.c* to *build/host/mrblib/mrblib.o*
-* create *build/host/lib/libmruby.a* out of all object files (C and Ruby)
-* create ```build/host/bin/mruby``` by compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby/tools/mruby/mruby.c* and
-linking with *build/host/lib/libmruby.a*
-* create ```build/host/bin/mirb``` by compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mirb/tools/mirb/mirb.c* and
-linking with *build/host/lib/libmruby.a*
-
-```
- _____    _____    ______    ____    ____    _____    _____    ____
-| CC  |->|GEN  |->|AR    |->|CC  |->|CC  |->|AR   |->|CC   |->|CC  |
-| *.c |  |y.tab|  |core.a|  |mrbc|  |*.rb|  |lib.a|  |mruby|  |mirb|
- -----    -----    ------    ----    ----    -----    -----    ----
-```
-
-### Cross-Compilation
-
-In case of a cross-compilation to *i386* the *build* directory structure looks
-like this:
-
-	+- build
-	   |
-	   +-  host
-	   |   |
-	   |   +- bin           <- Native Binaries
-	   |   |
-	   |   +- lib           <- Native Libraries
-	   |   |
-	   |   +- mrblib
-	   |   |
-	   |   +- src
-	   |   |
-	   |   +- test          <- Native mrbtest tool
-	   |   |
-	   |   +- tools
-	   |      |
-	   |      +- mirb
-	   |      |
-	   |      +- mrbc
-	   |      |
-	   |      +- mruby
-	   +- i386
-	      |
-	      +- bin            <- Cross-compiled Binaries
-	      |
-	      +- lib            <- Cross-compiled Libraries
-	      |
-	      +- mrblib
-	      |
-	      +- src
-	      |
-	      +- test           <- Cross-compiled mrbtest tool
-	      |
-	      +- tools
-	         |
-	         +- mirb
-	         |
-	         +- mrbc
-	         |
-	         +- mruby
-
-An extra directory is created for the target platform. In case you
-compile for *i386* a directory called *i386* is created under the
-build direcotry.
-
-The cross compilation workflow starts in the same way as the normal
-compilation by compiling all *native* libraries and binaries.
-Afterwards the cross compilation process proceeds like this:
-* cross-compile all files under *src* (object files will be stored
-in *build/i386/src*)
-* generate parser grammar out of *src/parse.y* (generated
-result will be stored in *build/i386/src/y.tab.c*)
-* cross-compile *build/i386/src/y.tab.c* to *build/i386/src/y.tab.o*
-* create *build/i386/mrblib/mrblib.c* by compiling all \*.rb files
-under *mrblib* with the native ```build/host/bin/mrbc```
-* cross-compile *build/host/mrblib/mrblib.c* to *build/host/mrblib/mrblib.o*
-* create *build/i386/lib/libmruby.a* out of all object files (C and Ruby)
-* create ```build/i386/bin/mruby``` by cross-compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby/tools/mruby/mruby.c* and
-linking with *build/i386/lib/libmruby.a*
-* create ```build/i386/bin/mirb``` by cross-compiling *mrbgems/mruby-bin-mirb/tools/mirb/mirb.c* and
-linking with *build/i386/lib/libmruby.a*
-* create *build/i386/lib/libmruby_core.a* out of all object files (C only)
-* create ```build/i386/bin/mrbc``` by cross-compiling *tools/mrbc/mrbc.c* and
-linking with *build/i386/lib/libmruby_core.a*
-
-```
- _______________________________________________________________
-|              Native Compilation for Host System               |
-|  _____      ______      _____      ____      ____      _____  |
-| | CC  | -> |AR    | -> |GEN  | -> |CC  | -> |CC  | -> |AR   | |
-| | *.c |    |core.a|    |y.tab|    |mrbc|    |*.rb|    |lib.a| |
-|  -----      ------      -----      ----      ----      -----  |
- ---------------------------------------------------------------
-                                ||
-                               \||/
-                                \/
- ________________________________________________________________
-|             Cross Compilation for Target System                |
-|  _____      _____      _____      ____      ______      _____  |
-| | CC  | -> |AR   | -> |CC   | -> |CC  | -> |AR    | -> |CC   | |
-| | *.c |    |lib.a|    |mruby|    |mirb|    |core.a|    |mrbc | |
-|  -----      -----      -----      ----      ------      -----  |
- ----------------------------------------------------------------
-```
-
-## Build Configuration Examples
-
-### Minimal Library
-
-To build a minimal mruby library you need to use the Cross Compiling
-feature due to the reason that there are functions (i.e. stdio) which
-can't be disabled for the main build.
-
-```ruby
-MRuby::CrossBuild.new('Minimal') do |conf|
-  toolchain :gcc
-
-  conf.cc.defines = %w(DISABLE_STDIO)
-  conf.bins = []
-end
-```
-
-This configuration defines a cross compile build called 'Minimal' which
-is using the GCC and compiles for the host machine. It also disables
-all usages of stdio and doesn't compile any binaries (i.e. mrbc).
-
-## Test Environment
-
-mruby's build process includes a test environment. In case you start the testing
-of mruby, a native binary called ```mrbtest``` will be generated and executed.
-This binary contains all test cases which are defined under *test/t*. In case
-of a cross-compilation an additional cross-compiled *mrbtest* binary is
-generated. You can copy this binary and run on your target system.

doc/debugger/README.md

@@ -1,341 +0,0 @@
-# How to use mruby debugger mrdb
-
-copyright (c) 2014 Specified Non-Profit Coorporation mruby Forum
-
-## 1.Summary
-This file documents the method for using the mruby debugger 'mrdb'
-
-## 2 debugging with mrdb
-
-## 2.1 Building mrdb
-
-The trunk of the mruby source tree can be checked out with following command/
-
-```bash
-$ git clone https://github.com/Kumikomi-Ruby/forum-mruby.git mruby
-```
-
-Run make command
-```bash
-$ cd mruby
-$ make
-```
-
-By default, make command will install debugger files into mruby/bin.
-
-You can add the path for mrdb on your host environment with following command
-
-```bash
-$ echo "export PATH=\$PATH:MRUBY_ROOT/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
-$ source ~/.bashrc
-```
-
-*MRUBY_ROOT is the directory in which mruby source cords will be installed.
-
-To confirm mrdb was instaleed properly,run mrdb with --version option
-
-```bash
-$ mrdb --version
-mruby 1.1.0 (2014-11-19)
-```
-
-## 2.2 Bassic Operation
-
-### 2.2.1 debugging mruby script file(rb file) with mrdb
-
-To invoke mruby debugger, just type mrdb.
-
-To specify the script file ,
-
-```bash
-$ mrdb [option] file name
-```
-
-For example : Debugging sample.rb
-
-```bash
-$ mrdb sample.rb
-```
-
-You can excute shell commands listed below
-
-|command|description|
-|:-:|:--|
-|run|execute programs|
-|step|execute stepping|
-|continue|execute continuing program|
-|break|configure the breaking point|
-|delete|deleting the breaking points|
-|disable|disabling the breaking points|
-|enable|enabling the breaking points|
-|info breakpoints|showing list of the breaking points|
-|print|eavaluating and printing the values of the mruby expressions in the script|
-|list|displaying the source cords|
-|help|showing help|
-|quit|terminating the mruby debugger|
-
-### 2.2.2 debugging mruby binary file(mrb file) with mrdb
-
-You can debugg the mruby binary files
-
-#### 2.2.2.1 debuggg the binary files
-
-* notice
-To debugg mruby binary files, you need to compile mruby files with option -g.
-
-```bash
-$ mrbc -g sample.rb
-```
-
-You can debugg the mruby binary files with following command and the option -b.
-
-```bash
-$ mrdb -b sample.mrb
-```
-
-Then you can execute all debugger shell commands.
-
-#### break command
- you can give any breakpoint to stop the program by specifiyng the line number and method name.
- And the breakpoint list will be displayed after you finished to set the breakpoint succesfully.
-
-Usage:
-```
-break [file:]lineno
-b [file:]lineno
-break [class:]method
-b [class:]method
-```
-
-The breakpoint will be numbered in serial order from 1.The number which was given to deleted breakpoint will not be given to another breakpoint again.
-
-You can give multiple breakpoints to specified the line number and method.
-Be ware that breakpoint command will not check the validity of the class name and method name.
-
-You can see the current breakpoint information by following options.
-
-breakpoint breakpoint number : file name. line number
-
-breakpoint breakpoint number : [class name,] method name
-
-#### continue command
-
-Usage:
-```
-continue [N]
-c [N]
-```
-
-N: the next breakpoint number
-
-Resuming the program and will stop the program at breakpoint at N (N-1 breakpoint will be ignored)
-
-When you run continue command without any specifying N ,Program will be stopped at next breakpoint.
-
-Example:
-```
-(foo.rb:1) continue 3
-```
-Resuming the program and stopping the program at the third breakpoint.
-
-#### delete command
-
-Deleting specified breakpoint
-
-Usage:
-```
-delete [breakpointno]
-d [breakpointno]
-```
-
-breakpointno: breakpoint number
-
-Example:
-```
-(foo.rb:1) delete
-```
-
-Deleting all brealpoint
-```
-(foo.rb:1) delete 1 3
-```
-
-Deleting the breakpoint 1 and 3
-
-#### diable command
-
-Disabling the specified breakpoint
-
-Usage:
-```
-disable [breakpointno]
-dis [breakpointno]
-```
-
-brealpointno: breakpoint number
-
-Example:
-```
-(foo.rb:1) disable
-```
-
-Desabling all brealpoint
-```
-(foo.rb:1) disable 1 3
-```
-
-Disabling the breakpoint 1 and 3
-
-#### enable command
-
-Enababling the specified breakpoint
-
-Usage:
-```
-enable [breakpointno]
-e [breakpointno]
-```
-
-brealpointno: breakpoint number
-
-Example:
-```
-(foo.rb:1) enable
-```
-
-Enabling all brealpoint
-```
-(foo.rb:1) enable 1 3
-```
-
-Enabling the breakpoint 1 and 3
-
-#### eval command
-
-Evaluating the string as source code and printing the value.
-
-Same as print command, please see print command.
-
-#### help command
-
-Displaying the help message.
-
-Usage:
-```
-help [comand]
-h [command]
-```
-Typing help without any option will displays the command list.
-
-#### info breakpoints command
-
-Displaying the specified breakpoint information.
-
-Usage:
-```
-info breakpoints [breakpointno]
-i b [breakpointno]
-```
-
-breakpointno: breakpoint number
-
-Typing "info breakpoints" without ant option will display all breakpoint information.
-Example
-```
-(sample.rb:1) info breakpoints
-Num     Type           Enb What  
-1       breakpoint     y   at sample.rb:3                      -> file name,line number
-2       breakpoint     n   in Sample_class:sample_class_method -> [class:]method name
-3       breakpoint     y   in sample_global_method
-```
-
-Displaying specified the breakpoint number
-```
-(foo.rb:1) info breakpoints 1 3
-Num     Type           Enb What  
-1       breakpoint     y   at sample.rb:3  
-3       breakpoint     y   in sample_global_method
-```
-
-#### list command
-
-Displaying the cords of the source file.
-
-Usage:
-```
-list [filename:]first[,last]
-l [filename]:first[,last]
-```
-
-first: the opening row number
-last : the closing row number
-
-When you specify first , but not specify option "last" , you will get 10 rows.
-When you don not specify both of first and last, you will next 10 rows.
-
-Example:
-```
-Specifying file name and first row number
-sample.rb:1) list sample2.rb:5
-```
-
-Specifying file name and first and last row number
-```
-(sample.rb:1) list sample2.rb:6,7
-```
-
-#### print command
-Evaluating the string as source code and printing the value.
-
-Usage:
-```
-print [expr]
-p [expr]
-```
-
-expr: expression
-
-To specify the expression is indispensableness.
-The displayed expressions will be numbered in serial order from 1.
-If an exception occurs, the exception information will be displayed and the debugging will be continued.
-
-Example:
-```
-(sample.rb:1) print 1+2
-$1 = 3
-(sample.rb:1) print self
-$2 = main
-```
-
-below is the case of the exception:
-```
-(sample.rb:1) print (1+2
-$1 =  SyntaxError: line 1: syntax error, unexpected $end, expecting ')'
-```
-
-#### quit command
-Quitting the debugger.
-
-Usage:
-```
-quit
-q
-```
-
-#### run command
-
-Running the program and stopping at the first breakpoint.
-
-Usage:
-```
-run
-r
-```
-
-#### step command
-
-Running the program step by step.
-When the method and the block will be invoked, the program will be stop at the first row.
-The program which is developed by C language will be ignored.
-
-period

doc/guides/compile.md

@@ -0,0 +1,558 @@
+# Compile
+
+mruby uses Rake to compile and cross-compile all libraries and
+binaries.
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+To compile mruby out of the source code you need the following tools:
+
+* C Compiler (e.g. `gcc` or `clang`)
+* Linker (e.g. `gcc` or `clang`)
+* Archive utility (e.g. `ar`)
+* Ruby 2.5 or later (e.g. `ruby` or `jruby`)
+
+Optional:
+
+* Git (to update mruby source and integrate mrbgems easier)
+* C++ compiler (to use mrbgems which include `*.cpp`, `*.cxx`, `*.cc`)
+* Bison (to compile `mrbgems/mruby-compiler/core/parse.y`)
+* gperf (to compile `mrbgems/mruby-compiler/core/keywords`)
+
+Note that `bison` bundled with macOS is too old to compile `mruby`.
+Try `brew install bison` and follow the instruction shown to update
+the `$PATH` to compile `mruby`. We also encourage you to upgrade `ruby`
+on macOS in similar manner.
+
+## Build
+
+To compile `mruby` with the default build configuration, just invoke `rake`
+inside of the mruby source root. To generate and execute the test tools call
+`rake test`. To clean all build files call `rake clean`. To see full command
+line on build, call `rake -v`.
+
+You can specify your own configuration file by the `MRUBY_CONFIG` environment
+variable (you can use `CONFIG` for shorthand for `MRUBY_CONFIG`). If the path
+doesn't exist, `build_config/${MRUBY_CONFIG}.rb` is used. The default
+configuration is defined in the `build_config/default.rb` file.
+
+Those build configuration files contain the build configuration of mruby, for
+example:
+
+```ruby
+MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :gcc
+end
+```
+
+All tools necessary to compile mruby can be set or modified here.
+
+## Build Configuration
+
+We wish you submit a pull-request to `build_config/PLATFORM.rb`, once you
+created a new configuration for a new platform.
+
+Inside the configuration file, the following options can be
+configured based on your environment.
+
+### Toolchains
+
+The mruby build system already contains a set of toolchain templates which
+configure the build environment for specific compiler infrastructures.
+
+#### GCC
+
+Toolchain configuration for the GNU C Compiler.
+
+```ruby
+conf.toolchain :gcc
+```
+
+#### clang
+
+Toolchain configuration for the LLVM C Compiler clang. Mainly equal to the
+GCC toolchain.
+
+```ruby
+conf.toolchain :clang
+```
+
+#### Visual Studio 2010, 2012 and 2013
+
+Toolchain configuration for Visual Studio on Windows. If you use the
+[Visual Studio Command Prompt](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms229859\(v=vs.110\).aspx),
+you normally do not have to specify this manually, since it gets automatically detected by our build process.
+
+```ruby
+conf.toolchain :visualcpp
+```
+
+#### Android
+
+Toolchain configuration for Android.
+
+```ruby
+conf.toolchain :android
+```
+
+Requires the custom standalone Android NDK and the toolchain path
+in `ANDROID_STANDALONE_TOOLCHAIN`.
+
+### Binaries
+
+It is possible to select which tools should be compiled during the compilation
+process. For example,
+
+* `mruby`
+* `mirb`
+
+The configuration are done via `mrbgems`. See `Mrbgems` section.
+
+### File Separator
+
+Some environments require a different file separator character. It is possible to
+set the character via `conf.file_separator`.
+
+```ruby
+conf.file_separator = '/'
+```
+
+### C Compiler
+
+Configuration of the C compiler binary, flags and include paths.
+
+```ruby
+conf.cc do |cc|
+  cc.command = ...
+  cc.flags = ...
+  cc.include_paths = ...
+  cc.defines = ...
+  cc.option_include_path = ...
+  cc.option_define = ...
+  cc.compile_options = ...
+end
+```
+
+C Compiler has header searcher to detect installed library.
+
+If you need an include path of header file use `search_header_path`:
+
+```ruby
+# Searches `iconv.h`.
+# If found it will return include path of the header file.
+# Otherwise it will return nil.
+fail 'iconv.h not found' unless conf.cc.search_header_path 'iconv.h'
+```
+
+If you need a full file name of header file use `search_header`:
+
+```ruby
+# Searches `iconv.h`.
+# If found it will return full path of the header file.
+# Otherwise it will return nil.
+iconv_h = conf.cc.search_header 'iconv.h'
+print "iconv.h found: #{iconv_h}\n"
+```
+
+Header searcher uses compiler's `include_paths` by default.
+When you are using GCC toolchain (including clang toolchain since its base is gcc toolchain)
+it will use compiler specific include paths too. (For example `/usr/local/include`, `/usr/include`)
+
+If you need a special header search paths define a singleton method `header_search_paths` to C compiler:
+
+```ruby
+def conf.cc.header_search_paths
+  ['/opt/local/include'] + include_paths
+end
+```
+
+### Linker
+
+Configuration of the Linker binary, flags and library paths.
+
+```ruby
+conf.linker do |linker|
+  linker.command = ...
+  linker.flags = ...
+  linker.flags_before_libraries = ...
+  linker.libraries = ...
+  linker.flags_after_libraries = ...
+  linker.library_paths = ....
+  linker.option_library = ...
+  linker.option_library_path = ...
+  linker.link_options = ...
+end
+```
+
+### Archiver
+
+Configuration of the Archiver binary and flags.
+
+```ruby
+conf.archiver do |archiver|
+  archiver.command = ...
+  archiver.archive_options = ...
+end
+```
+
+### Parser Generator
+
+Configuration of the Parser Generator binary and flags.
+
+```ruby
+conf.yacc do |yacc|
+  yacc.command = ...
+  yacc.compile_options = ...
+end
+```
+
+### GPerf
+
+Configuration of the GPerf binary and flags.
+
+```ruby
+conf.gperf do |gperf|
+  gperf.command = ...
+  gperf.compile_options = ...
+end
+```
+
+### File Extensions
+
+```ruby
+conf.exts do |exts|
+  exts.object = ...
+  exts.executable = ...
+  exts.library = ...
+end
+```
+
+### Preallocated Symbols
+
+By far, preallocated symbols are highly compatible with the previous versions, so
+we expect you won't see any problem with them. But just in case you face any
+issue, you can disable preallocated symbols by specifying `conf.disable_presym`.
+
+In the build process, `mrbc` under cross compiling environment will be compiled
+with this configuration.
+
+### Mrbgems
+
+`mruby` comes with the (sort of) packaging system named `mrbgems`. To
+specify `gem`, you can use `conf.gem` in the configuration file.
+
+```ruby
+# Integrate a bundled Gem you see in `mrbgems` directory
+conf.gem :core => 'mruby-something'
+
+# Integrate a Gem from GitHub
+conf.gem :github => 'someone/mruby-another'
+
+# Integrate a mruby binary Gem
+conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-mruby'
+
+# Integrate a interactive mruby binary Gem
+conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-mirb'
+
+# Integrate GemBox (set of Gems)
+conf.gembox "default"
+```
+
+A GemBox is a set of Gems defined in `mrbgems/default.gembox` for example.
+It's just a set of `mrbgem` configurations.
+
+There is a `RubyGem` (gem for CRuby) named `mgem` that help you to
+manage `mrbgems`. Try `gem install mgem`. `mgem` can show you the list
+of registered `mrbgems`.
+
+See doc/mrbgems/README.md for more option about mrbgems.
+
+### Mrbtest
+
+Configuration Mrbtest build process.
+
+If you want `mrbtest.a` only, You should set `conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only`
+
+```ruby
+conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+```
+
+### Bintest
+
+Tests for mrbgem tools using CRuby.
+To have bintests place `*.rb` scripts to `bintest/` directory of mrbgems.
+See `mruby-bin-*/bintest/*.rb` if you need examples.
+If you want a temporary files use `tempfile` module of CRuby instead of `/tmp/`.
+
+You can enable it with following:
+
+```ruby
+conf.enable_bintest
+```
+
+### C++ ABI
+
+By default, mruby uses setjmp/longjmp to implement its
+exceptions. But it doesn't release C++ stack object
+correctly. To support mrbgems written in C++, mruby can be
+configured to use C++ exception.
+
+There are two levels of C++ exception handling. The one is
+`enable_cxx_exception` that enables C++ exception, but
+uses C ABI. The other is `enable_cxx_abi` where all
+files are compiled by C++ compiler.
+
+When you mix C++ code, C++ exception would be enabled automatically.
+If you need to enable C++ exception explicitly add the following:
+
+```ruby
+conf.enable_cxx_exception
+```
+
+#### C++ exception disabling
+
+If your compiler does not support C++, and you want to ensure
+you don't use mrbgem written in C++, you can explicitly disable
+C++ exception, add following:
+
+```ruby
+conf.disable_cxx_exception
+```
+
+and you will get an error when you try to use C++ gem.
+Note that it must be called before `enable_cxx_exception` or `gem` method.
+
+### Debugging mode
+
+To enable debugging mode add the following:
+
+```ruby
+conf.enable_debug
+```
+
+When debugging mode is enabled
+
+* Macro `MRB_DEBUG` would be defined.
+  * Which means `mrb_assert()` macro is enabled.
+* Debug information of irep would be generated by `mrbc`.
+  * Because `-g` flag would be added to `mrbc` runner.
+    * You can have better backtrace of mruby scripts with this.
+
+## Cross-Compilation
+
+mruby can also be cross-compiled from one platform to another. To achieve
+cross-compilation, the build configuration needs to contain an instance of
+`MRuby::CrossBuild`. This instance defines the compilation tools and flags
+for the target platform. An example could look like this:
+
+```ruby
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('32bit') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :gcc
+
+  conf.cc.flags << "-m32"
+  conf.linker.flags << "-m32"
+end
+```
+
+All configuration options of `MRuby::Build` can also be used in
+`MRuby::CrossBuild`. You can find examples under the `build_config`
+directory.
+
+### Mrbtest in Cross-Compilation
+
+In cross compilation, you can run `mrbtest` on an emulator if
+you have it by changing configuration of test runner.
+
+```ruby
+conf.test_runner do |t|
+  t.command = ... # set emulator. this value must be non nil or false
+  t.flags = ... # set flags of emulator
+
+  def t.run(bin) # override `run` if you need to change the behavior of it
+    ... # `bin` is the full path of mrbtest
+  end
+end
+```
+
+## Build process
+
+During the build process the directory `build` will be created in the
+root directory. The structure of this directory will look like this:
+
+```
++- build
+    |
+    +- host
+        |
+        +- LEGAL        <- License description
+        |
+        +- bin          <- Binaries (mirb, mrbc and mruby)
+        |
+        +- lib          <- Libraries (libmruby.a and libmruby_core.a)
+        |
+        +- mrbc         <- Minimal mrbc place
+        |
+        +- mrbgems      <- Compilation result from mrbgems
+        |
+        +- mrblib       <- Compilation result from mrblib
+        |
+        +- src          <- Compilation result from C sources
+```
+
+The compilation workflow will look like this:
+
+* compile minimal `mrbc` from `src` and `mrblib` sources
+  * compile all files under `src` (object files will be stored in `build/host/mrbc/src`)
+  * compile `mruby-compiler` gem
+  * create `build/host/mrbc/lib/libmruby_core.a` out of all object files (C only)
+  * create `build/host/mrbc/bin/mrbc` via `mruby-bin-mrbc` gem
+* compile all files under `src` and store result in `build/host/src`
+* create `build/host/mrblib/mrblib.c` by compiling all `*.rb` files under `mrblib` with `build/host/mrbc/bin/mrbc`
+* compile `build/host/mrblib/mrblib.c` to `build/host/mrblib/mrblib.o`
+* create `build/host/lib/libmruby.a` out of all object files (C and Ruby)
+* compile (normal) mrbgems specified in the configuration file
+* create `build/host/lib/libmruby.a` from object files from gems and `libmruby_core.a`
+* create binary commands according to binary gems (e.g. `mirb` and `mruby`)
+* copy binaries under `build/host/bin` to `bin` directory
+
+```
+ _____    _____    ______    ____    ____    _____    _____    ____
+| CC  |->|GEN  |->|AR    |->|CC  |->|CC  |->|AR   |->|CC   |->|CC  |
+| *.c |  |y.tab|  |core.a|  |mrbc|  |*.rb|  |lib.a|  |mruby|  |mirb|
+ -----    -----    ------    ----    ----    -----    -----    ----
+```
+
+### Cross-Compilation
+
+In case of a cross-compilation to `i386` the `build` directory structure looks
+like this:
+
+```
++- build
+    |
+    +- host
+    |   |
+    |   +- bin           <- Native Binaries
+    |   |
+    |   +- lib           <- Native Libraries
+    |   |
+    |   +- mrbgems
+    |   |
+    |   +- src
+    |
+    +- i386
+        |
+        +- bin            <- Cross-compiled Binaries
+        |
+        +- include        <- Header Directory
+        |
+        +- lib            <- Cross-compiled Libraries
+        |
+        +- mrbgems
+        |
+        +- mrblib
+        |
+        +- src
+```
+
+An extra directory is created for the target platform. In case you
+compile for `i386` a directory called `i386` is created under the
+build directory.
+
+The cross compilation workflow starts in the same way as the normal
+compilation by compiling all *native* libraries and binaries, except
+for we don't have `host/mrbc` directory (`host` directory itself works
+as placeholder for `mrbc`). Afterwards the cross compilation process
+proceeds like this:
+
+* cross-compile all files under `src` and store result in `build/i386/src`
+* create `build/i386/lib/libmruby_core.a` out of C object files
+* create `build/i386/mrblib/mrblib.c` by compiling all `*.rb` files under `mrblib` with native `build/host/bin/mrbc`
+* cross-compile `build/i386/mrblib/mrblib.c` to `build/i386/mrblib/mrblib.o`
+* create `build/i386/lib/libmruby.a` from object files from gems and `libmruby_core.a`
+* create binary commands according to binary gems (e.g. `mirb` and `mruby`)
+* copy binaries under `build/host/bin` to `bin` directory
+
+```
+ _______________________________________________________________
+|              Native Compilation for Host System               |
+|  _____      ______      _____      ____      ____      _____  |
+| | CC  | -> |AR    | -> |GEN  | -> |CC  | -> |CC  | -> |AR   | |
+| | *.c |    |core.a|    |y.tab|    |mrbc|    |*.rb|    |lib.a| |
+|  -----      ------      -----      ----      ----      -----  |
+ ---------------------------------------------------------------
+                                ||
+                               \||/
+                                \/
+ ________________________________________________________________
+|             Cross Compilation for Target System                |
+|  _____      _____      _____      ____      ______      _____  |
+| | CC  | -> |AR   | -> |CC   | -> |CC  | -> |AR    | -> |CC   | |
+| | *.c |    |lib.a|    |mruby|    |mirb|    |core.a|    |mrbc | |
+|  -----      -----      -----      ----      ------      -----  |
+ ----------------------------------------------------------------
+```
+
+## Build Configuration Examples
+
+### Minimal Library
+
+To build a minimal mruby library you need to use the Cross Compiling
+feature due to the reason that there are functions (e.g. stdio) which
+can't be disabled for the main build.
+
+```ruby
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('minimal') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :gcc
+  conf.cc.defines << 'MRB_NO_STDIO'
+end
+```
+
+This configuration defines a cross compile build called 'minimal' which
+is using the GCC and compiles for the host machine. It also disables
+all usages of stdio and doesn't compile any binaries (e.g. `mrbc`).
+
+## Test Environment
+
+mruby's build process includes a test environment. In case you start the testing
+of mruby, a native binary called `mrbtest` will be generated and executed.
+This binary contains all test cases which are defined under `test/t`. In case
+of a cross-compilation an additional cross-compiled `mrbtest` binary is
+generated. You can copy this binary and run on your target system.
+
+## Embedding `mruby` in Your Application
+
+After the build, you will get `libmruby.a`. You can link it to your application.
+
+For compiler options and library path, you can use `mruby-config` command for
+convenience. `mruby-config` command prints the configuration used for `libmruby.a`.
+
+```
+$ mruby-config --help
+Usage: mruby-config [switches]
+  switches:
+  --cc                        print compiler name
+  --cflags                    print flags passed to compiler
+  --ld                        print linker name
+  --ldflags                   print flags passed to linker
+  --ldflags-before-libs       print flags passed to linker before linked libraries
+  --libs                      print linked libraries
+  --libmruby-path             print libmruby path
+  --help                      print this help
+```
+
+For example, when you have a C source file (`c.c`) and try to
+compile and link it with `libmruby.a`, you can run the following command,
+
+```
+gcc `mruby-config --cflags` c.c `mruby-config --ldflags` `mruby-config --libs`
+```
+
+When you use `make`, add following lines in `Makefile`
+
+```
+MRB_CONFIG = <path-to-mruby-config>
+CFLAGS = `$(MRB_CONFIG) --cflags`
+LDFLAGS = `$(MRB_CONFIG) --ldflags`
+LIBS = `$(MRB_CONFIG) --libs`
+```

doc/guides/debugger.md

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+# How to Use the mruby Debugger
+
+copyright (c) 2014 Specified Non-Profit Corporation mruby Forum
+
+## 1. Summary
+
+This file documents the mruby debugger ('mrdb') methods.
+
+## 2 Debugging with mrdb
+
+## 2.1 Building mrdb
+
+The trunk of the mruby source tree, with the most recent mrdb, can be checked out with the following command:
+
+```bash
+$ git clone https://github.com/mruby/mruby.git
+```
+
+To run the `make` command:
+
+```bash
+$ cd mruby
+$ make
+```
+
+By default, the `make` command will install the debugger files into mruby/bin.
+
+You can add the path for mrdb on your host environment with the following command:
+
+```bash
+$ echo "export PATH=\$PATH:MRUBY_ROOT/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
+$ source ~/.bashrc
+```
+
+`*MRUBY_ROOT` is the directory in which mruby source code will be installed.
+
+To confirm mrdb was installed properly, run mrdb with the `--version` option:
+
+```bash
+$ mrdb --version
+mruby 3.0.0 (2021-03-05)
+```
+
+## 2.2 Basic Operation
+
+### 2.2.1 Debugging mruby Script Files (rb file) with mrdb
+
+To invoke the mruby debugger, just type `mrdb`.
+
+To specify the script file:
+
+```bash
+$ mrdb [option] file name
+```
+
+For example: Debugging sample.rb
+
+```bash
+$ mrdb sample.rb
+```
+
+You can execute the shell commands listed below:
+
+|command|description|
+|:-:|:--|
+|run|execute programs|
+|step|execute stepping|
+|continue|execute continuing program|
+|break|configure the breaking point|
+|delete|deleting the breaking points|
+|disable|disabling the breaking points|
+|enable|enabling the breaking points|
+|info breakpoints|showing list of the breaking points|
+|print|evaluating and printing the values of the mruby expressions in the script|
+|list|displaying the source cords|
+|help|showing help|
+|quit|terminating the mruby debugger|
+
+### 2.2.2 Debugging mruby Binary Files (mrb file) with mrdb
+
+You can debug the mruby binary files.
+
+#### 2.2.2.1 Debugging the binary files
+
+* notice
+To debug mruby binary files, you need to compile mruby files with option `-g`.
+
+```bash
+$ mrbc -g sample.rb
+```
+
+You can debug the mruby binary files with following command and the option `-b`.
+
+```bash
+$ mrdb -b sample.mrb
+```
+
+Then you can execute all debugger shell commands.
+
+#### Break Command
+
+You can use any breakpoint to stop the program by specifying the line number and method name.
+The breakpoint list will be displayed after you have set the breakpoint successfully.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+break [file:]linenum
+b [file:]linenum
+break [class:]method
+b [class:]method
+```
+
+The breakpoint will be ordered in serial from 1.
+The number, which was given to the deleted breakpoint, will never be given to another breakpoint again.
+
+You can give multiple breakpoints to the specified the line number and method.
+Be aware that the breakpoint command will not check the validity of the class name and method name.
+
+You can get the current breakpoint information by the following options.
+
+breakpoint breakpoint number : file name. line number
+
+breakpoint breakpoint number : [class name,] method name
+
+#### Continue Command
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+continue [N]
+c [N]
+```
+
+N: the next breakpoint number
+
+When resuming the program, it will stop at breakpoint N (N-1 breakpoint will be ignored).
+
+When you run the `continue` command without specifying N, the program will be stopped at the next breakpoint.
+
+Example:
+
+```
+(foo.rb:1) continue 3
+```
+
+This will resume the program and stop it at the third breakpoint.
+
+#### Delete Command
+
+This will delete the specified breakpoint.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+delete [breakpoint-no]
+d [breakpoint-no]
+```
+
+breakpoint-no: breakpoint number
+
+Example:
+
+```
+(foo.rb:1) delete
+```
+
+This will delete all the breakpoints.
+
+```
+(foo.rb:1) delete 1 3
+```
+
+This will delete the breakpoint at 1 and 3.
+
+#### Disable Command
+
+This will disable the specified breakpoint.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+disable [breakpoint-no]
+dis [breakpoint-no]
+```
+
+reappointing: breakpoint number
+
+Example:
+
+```
+(foo.rb:1) disable
+```
+
+Use `disable` if you would like to disable all the breakpoints.
+
+```
+(foo.rb:1) disable 1 3
+```
+
+This will disable the breakpoints at 1 and 3.
+
+#### Enable Command
+
+This will enable the specified breakpoints.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+enable [breakpoint-no]
+e [breakpoint-no]
+```
+
+breakpoint-no: breakpoint number
+
+Example:
+
+```
+(foo.rb:1) enable
+```
+
+Enabling all breakpoints
+
+```
+(foo.rb:1) enable 1 3
+```
+
+Enabling the breakpoint 1 and 3
+
+#### eval command
+
+Evaluating the string as source code and printing the value.
+
+Same as print command, please see print command.
+
+#### help command
+
+Displaying the help message.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+help [command]
+h [command]
+```
+
+Typing `help` without any options will display the command list.
+
+#### Info Breakpoints Command
+
+Displaying the specified breakpoint information.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+info breakpoints [breakpoint-no]
+i b [breakpoint-no]
+```
+
+breakpoint-no: breakpoint number
+
+Typing "info breakpoints" without ant option will display all breakpoint information.
+Example:
+
+```
+(sample.rb:1) info breakpoints
+Num     Type           Enb What
+1       breakpoint     y   at sample.rb:3                      -> file name,line number
+2       breakpoint     n   in Sample_class:sample_class_method -> [class:]method name
+3       breakpoint     y   in sample_global_method
+```
+
+Displaying the specified breakpoint number:
+
+```
+(foo.rb:1) info breakpoints 1 3
+Num     Type           Enb What
+1       breakpoint     y   at sample.rb:3
+3       breakpoint     y   in sample_global_method
+```
+
+#### List Command
+
+To display the code of the source file.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+list [filename:]first[,last]
+l [filename]:first[,last]
+```
+
+first: the opening row number
+last : the closing row number
+
+When you specify the `first`, but not the `last` option, you will receive 10 rows.
+When you do not specify both the `first` and `last` options, you will receive the next 10 rows.
+
+Example:
+
+```
+Specifying file name and first row number
+sample.rb:1) list sample2.rb:5
+```
+
+Specifying the file name and the first and last row number:
+
+```
+(sample.rb:1) list sample2.rb:6,7
+```
+
+#### Print Command
+
+Evaluating the string as source code and printing the value.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+print [expr]
+p [expr]
+```
+
+expr: expression
+
+The expression is mandatory.
+The displayed expressions will be serially ordered from 1.
+If an exception occurs, the exception information will be displayed, and the debugging will be continued.
+
+Example:
+
+```
+(sample.rb:1) print 1+2
+$1 = 3
+(sample.rb:1) print self
+$2 = main
+```
+
+Below is the case of the exception:
+
+```
+(sample.rb:1) print (1+2
+$1 =  SyntaxError: line 1: syntax error, unexpected $end, expecting ')'
+```
+
+#### Quit Command
+
+Quitting the debugger.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+quit
+q
+```
+
+#### Run Command
+
+Running the program and stopping at the first breakpoint.
+
+Usage:
+
+```
+run
+r
+```
+
+#### Step Command
+
+This will run the program step by step.
+When the method and the block are invoked, the program will stop at the first row.
+The program, which is developed in C, will be ignored.

doc/guides/gc-arena-howto.md

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+# How to use `mrb_gc_arena_save()`/`mrb_gc_arena_restore()`/`mrb_gc_protect()`
+
+_This is an English translation of [Matz's blog post][matz blog post]
+written in Japanese._
+_Some parts are updated to reflect recent changes._
+[matz blog post]: <https://www.rubyist.net/~matz/20130731.html>
+
+When you are extending mruby using C language, you may encounter
+mysterious "arena overflow error" or memory leak or very slow
+execution speed.  This is an error indicating overflow of "GC arena"
+implementing "conservative GC".
+
+GC (garbage collector) must ensure that object is "alive", in other
+words, that it is referenced by somewhere from the program.  This can be
+determined by checking if the object can be directly or indirectly
+referenced by root.  The local variables, global variables and
+constants etc are root.
+
+If program execution is performed inside mruby VM, there is nothing to
+worry about because GC can access all roots owned by the VM.
+
+The problem arises when executing C functions.  The object referenced
+by C variable is also "alive", but mruby GC cannot aware of this, so
+it might mistakenly recognize the objects referenced by only C
+variables as dead.
+
+This can be a fatal bug if the GC tries to collect a live object.
+
+In CRuby, we scan C stack area, and use C variable as root to check
+whether object is alive or not.  Of course, because we are accessing C
+stack just as memory region, we never know it is an integer or a
+pointer.  We workaround this by assuming that if it looks like a
+pointer, then assume it as a pointer.  We call it "conservative".
+
+By the way, CRuby's "conservative GC" has some problems.
+
+The biggest problem is we have no way to access to the stack area in
+portable way.  Therefore, we cannot use this method if we'd like to
+implement highly portable runtime, like mruby.
+
+So we came up with another plan to implement "conservative GC" in mruby.
+
+Again, the problem is when an object which was created in C function, becomes
+no longer referenced in the Ruby world, and cannot be treated as garbage.
+
+In mruby, we recognize all objects created in C function are alive.
+Then we have no problem such as confusing a live object as dead.
+
+This means that because we cannot collect a truly dead object, we may
+lose efficiency, but as a trade-off the GC itself is highly portable.
+We can say goodbye to the problem that GC deletes live objects due to
+optimization which sometimes occurs in CRuby.
+
+According to this idea, we have a table, called "GC arena", which
+remembers objects created in C function.
+
+The arena is stack structure, when C function execution is returned to mruby
+VM, all objects registered in the arena are popped.
+
+This works very well, but can cause another problem: "arena overflow error" or
+memory leak.
+
+As of this writing, mruby automatically extend arena to remember
+objects (See `MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA` and `MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE` in
+doc/guides/mrbconf.md).
+
+If you create many objects in C functions, memory usage will increase, since
+GC never kick in.  This memory usage may look like memory leak, but will also
+make execution slower as more memory will need to be allocated.
+
+With the build time configuration, you can limit the maximum size of
+arena (e.g., 100).  Then if you create many objects, arena overflows,
+thus you will get an "arena overflow error".
+
+To workaround these problems, we have `mrb_gc_arena_save()` and
+`mrb_gc_arena_restore()` functions.
+
+`int mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb)` returns the current position of the stack
+top of GC arena, and `void mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, idx)` sets the
+stack top position to back to given `idx`.
+
+We can use them like this:
+
+```c
+int arena_idx = mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb);
+
+// ...create objects...
+mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, arena_idx);
+
+```
+
+In mruby, C function calls are surrounded by this save/restore, but we
+can further optimize memory usage by surrounding save/restore, and can
+avoid creating arena overflow bugs.
+
+Let's take a real example.  Here is the source code of `Array#inspect`:
+
+```c
+static mrb_value
+inspect_ary(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_value list)
+{
+  mrb_int i;
+  mrb_value s, arystr;
+  char head[] = { '[' };
+  char sep[] = { ',', ' ' };
+  char tail[] = { ']' };
+
+  /* check recursive */
+  for(i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(list); i++) {
+    if (mrb_obj_equal(mrb, ary, RARRAY_PTR(list)[i])) {
+      return mrb_str_new(mrb, "[...]", 5);
+    }
+  }
+
+  mrb_ary_push(mrb, list, ary);
+
+  arystr = mrb_str_new_capa(mrb, 64);
+  mrb_str_cat(mrb, arystr, head, sizeof(head));
+
+  for(i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+    int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb);
+
+    if (i > 0) {
+      mrb_str_cat(mrb, arystr, sep, sizeof(sep));
+    }
+    if (mrb_array_p(RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i])) {
+      s = inspect_ary(mrb, RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i], list);
+    }
+    else {
+      s = mrb_inspect(mrb, RARRAY_PTR(ary)[i]);
+    }
+    mrb_str_cat(mrb, arystr, RSTRING_PTR(s), RSTRING_LEN(s));
+    mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+  }
+
+  mrb_str_cat(mrb, arystr, tail, sizeof(tail));
+  mrb_ary_pop(mrb, list);
+
+  return arystr;
+}
+```
+
+This is a real example, so slightly complicated, but bear with me.
+The essence of `Array#inspect` is that after stringifying each element
+of array using `inspect` method, we join them together so that we can
+get `inspect` representation of the entire array.
+
+After the `inspect` representation is created, we no longer require the
+individual string representation.  This means that we don't have to register
+these temporal objects into GC arena.
+
+Therefore, in order to keep the arena size small; the `ary_inspect()` function
+will do the following:
+
+* save the position of the stack top using `mrb_gc_arena_save()`.
+* get `inspect` representation of each element.
+* append it to the constructing entire `inspect` representation of array.
+* restore stack top position using `mrb_gc_arena_restore()`.
+
+Please note that the final `inspect` representation of entire array
+was created before the call of `mrb_gc_arena_restore()`.  Otherwise,
+required temporal object may be deleted by GC.
+
+We may have an usecase where after creating many temporal objects, we'd
+like to keep some of them.  In this case, we cannot use the same idea
+in `ary_inspect()` like appending objects to existing one.
+Instead, after `mrb_gc_arena_restore()`, we must re-register the objects we
+want to keep in the arena using `mrb_gc_protect(mrb, obj)`.
+Use `mrb_gc_protect()` with caution because it could also lead to an "arena
+overflow error".
+
+We must also mention that when `mrb_funcall` is called in top level, the return
+value is also registered to GC arena, so repeated use of `mrb_funcall` may
+eventually lead to an "arena overflow error".
+
+Use `mrb_gc_arena_save()` and `mrb_gc_arena_restore()` or possible use of
+`mrb_gc_protect()` to workaround this.

doc/guides/link.md

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# Linking `libmruby` to your application
+
+You have two ways to link `libmruby` to your application.
+
+* using executable gem.
+* using normal compilation process
+
+## Executable Gems
+
+If your application is relatively small, `mrbgem` is an easier way to
+create the executable.  By tradition, the gem name start with
+`mruby-bin-`, e.g. `mruby-bin-debugger`.
+
+### `mrbgem.rake` file
+
+The executable name is specified in `mrbgem.rake` file at the top of
+your `mrbgem` directory.
+
+```ruby
+MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('mruby-bin-example') do |spec|
+  spec.license = 'MIT'
+  spec.author  = 'mruby developers'
+  spec.summary = 'Example for executable command gem'
+  spec.bins = %w(mruby-example)    # <- this is binary name
+end
+```
+
+### Source tree structure
+
+The source file for the gem executable should be in
+`<gem-name>/tools/<bin-name>`.  Currently, we support C or C++ source code
+(`.c`, `.cpp`, `.cxx`, `.cc`) for the executable. Ruby source files are not
+supported. Put the functionality in the different gem and specify dependency to
+it in `mrbgem.rake`.
+
+## Normal compilation process
+
+The `libmruby` is a normal library so that you can just link it to your
+application. Specify proper compiler options (`-I` etc.) and linker options
+(`-Lmruby` etc.) to compile and link your application. Specify those options in
+your build script (e.g. `Makefile`).
+
+### Compiler options
+
+You need to specify compiler options that are compatible to mruby configuration,
+for example:
+
+* `-I` to specify the place for mruby header files
+* `-D` to specify mruby configuration macros
+
+To retrieve compiler options used to build `mruby`, you can use `mruby-config`
+command with following options:
+
+* `--cc`                    compiler name
+* `--cflags`                options passed to compiler
+
+```
+$ mruby-config --cflags
+-std=gnu99 -g -O3 -Wall -DMRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA -I/home/matz/work/mruby/include -I/home/matz/work/mruby/build/host/include
+```
+
+### Linker options
+
+Just like compiler options, you need to specify linker options that are
+compatible to mruby configuration.
+
+To retrieve linker options, you can use `mruby-config` with following options:
+
+* `--ld`                    linker name
+* `--ldflags`               options passed to linker
+* `--ldflags-before-libs`   options passed to linker before linked libraries
+* `--libs`                  linked libraries
+
+```
+$ mruby-config --ldflags
+-L/home/matz/work/mruby/build/host/lib
+
+$ mruby-config --ldflags-before-libs
+# <nothing in this case>
+
+$ mruby-config --libs
+-lmruby -lm
+```

doc/guides/mrbconf.md

@@ -1,160 +1,209 @@
-# mruby configuration macros.
+# mruby configuration macros
+
+## How to use these macros
 
-## How to use these macros.
 You can use mrbconfs with following ways:
+
 * Write them in `mrbconf.h`.
- * Using compiler flags is prefered  when building a cross binaries or multiple mruby binaries
- since it's easier to use different mrbconf per each `MRuby::Build`.
- * Most flags can be enabled by just commenting in.
+  * Using compiler flags is preferred  when building a cross binaries or multiple mruby binaries
+    since it's easier to use different mrbconf per each `MRuby::Build`.
+  * Most flags can be enabled by just commenting in.
 * Pass them as compiler flags.
- * Make sure you pass the same flags to all compilers since some mrbconf(e.g., `MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA`)
- changes `struct` layout and cause memory access error when C and other language(e.g., C++) is mixed.
+  * Make sure you pass the same flags to all compilers since some mrbconf(e.g., `MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA`)
+    changes `struct` layout and cause memory access error when C and other language(e.g., C++) is mixed.
 
-## stdio setting.
-`ENABLE_STDIO`
-* Will be defined automatically if `DISABLE_STDIO` isn't defined.
-* Uses `<stdio.h>` functions.
+## stdio setting
+
+`MRB_NO_STDIO`
 
-`DISABLE_STDIO`
 * When defined `<stdio.h>` functions won't be used.
 * Some features will be disabled when this is enabled:
   * `mrb_irep` load/dump from/to file.
-  * Compiling mruby script from file.
+  * Compiling mruby script from a file.
   * Printing features in **src/print.c**.
 
-## Debug macros.
-`ENABLE_DEBUG`
+## Debug macros
+
+`MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK`
+
 * When defined code fetch hook and debug OP hook will be enabled.
 * When using any of the hook set function pointer `code_fetch_hook` and/or `debug_op_hook` of `mrb_state`.
 * Fetch hook will be called before any OP.
 * Debug OP hook will be called when dispatching `OP_DEBUG`.
 
-`DISABLE_DEBUG`
-* Will be define automatically if `ENABLE_DEBUG` isn't defined.
-
 `MRB_DEBUG`
+
 * When defined `mrb_assert*` macro will be defined with macros from `<assert.h>`.
 * Could be enabled via `enable_debug` method of `MRuby::Build`.
 
 ## Stack configuration
 
 `MRB_STACK_EXTEND_DOUBLING`
+
 * If defined doubles the stack size when extending it.
 * Else extends stack with `MRB_STACK_GROWTH`.
 
 `MRB_STACK_GROWTH`
+
 * Default value is `128`.
 * Used in stack extending.
 * Ignored when `MRB_STACK_EXTEND_DOUBLING` is defined.
 
 `MRB_STACK_MAX`
+
 * Default value is `0x40000 - MRB_STACK_GROWTH`.
 * Raises `RuntimeError` when stack size exceeds this value.
 
-## Primitive type configuration.
+## Primitive type configuration
 
-`MRB_USE_FLOAT`
-* When defined single precision floating point type(C type `float`) is used as `mrb_float`.
-* Else double precision floating point type(C type `double`) is used as `mrb_float`.
+`MRB_USE_FLOAT32`
 
-`MRB_INT16`
-* When defined `int16_t` will be defined as `mrb_int`.
+* When defined single precision floating-point type(C type `float`) is used as `mrb_float`.
+* Otherwise, double precision floating-point type(C type `double`) is used as `mrb_float`.
+
+`MRB_NO_FLOAT`
+
+* When defined removes floating-point numbers from mruby.
+* It makes mruby easier to handle in "Microcontroller without FPU" and "Kernel Space".
+
+`MRB_INT32`
+
+* When defined, or `MRB_INT64` are not defined on 32-bit CPU mode, `mrb_int` will be defined as `int32_t`.
 * Conflicts with `MRB_INT64`.
 
 `MRB_INT64`
-* When defined `int64_t` will be defined as `mrb_int`.
-* Conflicts with `MRB_INT16`.
-* When `MRB_INT16` or `MRB_INT64` isn't defined `int`(most of the times 32-bit integer)
-will be defined as `mrb_int`.
 
-## Garbage collector configuration.
+* When defined, or `MRB_INT32` are not defined on 64-bit CPU mode, `mrb_int` will be defined as `int64_t`.
+* Conflicts with `MRB_INT32`.
+
+## Garbage collector configuration
 
 `MRB_GC_STRESS`
+
 * When defined full GC is emitted per each `RBasic` allocation.
 * Mainly used in memory manager debugging.
 
 `MRB_GC_TURN_OFF_GENERATIONAL`
+
 * When defined turns generational GC by default.
 
 `MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA`
+
 * When defined used fixed size GC arena.
 * Raises `RuntimeError` when this is defined and GC arena size exceeds `MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE`.
 * Useful tracking unnecessary mruby object allocation.
 
 `MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE`
+
 * Default value is `100`.
 * Ignored when `MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA` isn't defined.
 * Defines fixed GC arena size.
 
 `MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE`
+
 * Defines value is `1024`.
 * Specifies number of `RBasic` per each heap page.
 
-## Memory pool configuration.
+## Memory pool configuration
 
 `POOL_ALIGNMENT`
+
 * Default value is `4`.
 * If you're allocating data types that requires alignment more than default value define the
 largest value of required alignment.
 
 `POOL_PAGE_SIZE`
+
 * Default value is `16000`.
 * Specifies page size of pool page.
 * Smaller the value is increases memory overhead.
 
-## State atexit configuration.
+## State atexit configuration
 
 `MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK`
+
 * If defined enables fixed size `mrb_state` atexit stack.
 * Raises `RuntimeError` when `mrb_state_atexit` call count to same `mrb_state` exceeds
 `MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK_SIZE`'s value.
 
 `MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK_SIZE`
+
 * Default value is `5`.
 * If `MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK` isn't defined this macro is ignored.
 
-## `mrb_value` configuration.
+## `mrb_value` configuration
 
 `MRB_ENDIAN_BIG`
+
 * If defined compiles mruby for big endian machines.
 * Used in `MRB_NAN_BOXING`.
 * Some mrbgem use this mrbconf.
 
 `MRB_NAN_BOXING`
+
 * If defined represent `mrb_value` in boxed `double`.
-* Conflicts with `MRB_USE_FLOAT`.
+* Conflicts with `MRB_USE_FLOAT32` and `MRB_NO_FLOAT`.
 
 `MRB_WORD_BOXING`
+
 * If defined represent `mrb_value` as a word.
 * If defined `Float` will be a mruby object with `RBasic`.
 
-## Instance variable configuration.
-`MRB_USE_IV_SEGLIST`
-* If defined enable segmented list in instance variable table instead of khash.
-* Segmented list is a linked list of key and value segments.
-* It will linear search instead of hash search.
+## Reduce heap memory configuration
 
-`MRB_SEGMENT_SIZE`
-* Default value is `4`.
-* Specifies size of each segment in segment list.
-* Ignored when `MRB_USE_IV_SEGLIST` isn't defined.
+`MRB_USE_ETEXT_RO_DATA_P`
 
-`MRB_IVHASH_INIT_SIZE`
-* Default value is `8`.
-* Specifies initial size for instance variable table.
-* Ignored when `MRB_USE_IV_SEGLIST` is defined.
+* Use `etext` and `edata` section addresses defined by the linker to detect read-only data.
+* Those addresses are widely available, but not portable, nor standardized.
+* This macro is defined by default on User-mode Linux.
+
+`MRB_NO_DEFAULT_RO_DATA_P`
+
+* Define this macro when the default `mrb_ro_data_p()` does not work for any reason.
+
+`MRB_USE_CUSTOM_RO_DATA_P`
+
+* Please try if `MRB_USE_LINK_TIME_RO_DATA_P` is not available.
+* The `mrb_ro_data_p()` function is implemented by the user in an arbitrary file.
+* The prototype declaration is `mrb_bool mrb_ro_data_p(const char *ptr)`.
+* Return `TRUE` if `ptr` is in the read-only section, otherwise return `FALSE`.
+
+## Other configuration
+
+`MRB_UTF8_STRING`
+
+* Adds UTF-8 encoding support to character-oriented String instance methods.
+* If it isn't defined, they only support the US-ASCII encoding.
 
-## Other configuration.
 `MRB_FUNCALL_ARGC_MAX`
+
 * Default value is `16`.
 * Specifies 4th argument(`argc`) max value of `mrb_funcall`.
 * Raises `ArgumentError` when the `argc` argument is bigger then this value `mrb_funcall`.
 
 `KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE`
+
 * Default value is `32`.
 * Specifies default size of khash table bucket.
 * Used in `kh_init_ ## name` function.
 
-`MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE`
-* Default value is `128`.
-* Specifies initial capacity of `RString` created by `mrb_str_buf_new` function..
+`MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE`
+
+* Disable method cache to save memory.
+
+`MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE`
+
+* Default value is `256`.
+* Ignored if `MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE` is defined.
+* Need to be the power of 2.
+
+`MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT`
+
+* Use C struct to represent `mrb_method_t`
+* No `MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT` requires highest 2 bits of function pointers to be zero
+* Define this macro on machines that use higher bits of pointers
+
+`MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS`
+
+* Make it available `Symbol.all_symbols` in `mrbgems/mruby-symbol-ext`
+* Increase heap memory usage.

doc/guides/mrbgems.md

@@ -1,33 +1,62 @@
 # mrbgems
 
 mrbgems is a library manager to integrate C and Ruby extension in an easy and
-standardised way into mruby.
+standardised way into mruby. Conventionally, each mrbgem name is prefixed by
+`mruby-`, e.g. `mruby-time` for a gem that provides `Time` class functionality.
 
 ## Usage
 
-By default mrbgems is currently deactivated. As soon as you add a GEM to your
-build configuration (i.e. *build_config.rb*), mrbgems will be activated and the
-extension integrated.
+You have to activate mrbgems explicitly in your build configuration.  To add
+a gem, add the following line to your build configuration file, for example:
 
-To add a GEM into the *build_config.rb* add the following line for example:
 ```ruby
 conf.gem '/path/to/your/gem/dir'
 ```
 
-You can also use a relative path which would be relative from the mruby root:
+You can also use a relative path to specify a gem.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gem 'examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example'
 ```
 
+In that case,
+
+* if your build configuration file is in the `build_config` directory, it's
+  relative from `MRUBY_ROOT`.
+* otherwise, it is relative from the directory where your build configuration is.
+
 A remote GIT repository location for a GEM is also supported:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gem :git => 'https://github.com/masuidrive/mrbgems-example.git', :branch => 'master'
 conf.gem :github => 'masuidrive/mrbgems-example', :branch => 'master'
 conf.gem :bitbucket => 'mruby/mrbgems-example', :branch => 'master'
 ```
 
-To pull all gems from remote GIT repository on build, call ```./minirake -p```,
-or ```./minirake --pull-gems```.
+You can specify the subdirectory of the repository with `:path` option:
+
+```ruby
+conf.gem github: 'mruby/mruby', path: 'mrbgems/mruby-socket'
+```
+
+To use mrbgem from [mgem-list](https://github.com/mruby/mgem-list) use `:mgem` option:
+
+```ruby
+conf.gem :mgem => 'mruby-yaml'
+conf.gem :mgem => 'yaml' # 'mruby-' prefix could be omitted
+```
+
+For specifying the commit hash to checkout use `:checksum_hash` option:
+
+```ruby
+conf.gem mgem: 'mruby-redis', checksum_hash: '3446d19fc4a3f9697b5ddbf2a904f301c42f2f4e'
+```
+
+If there are missing dependencies, mrbgem dependencies solver will reference
+mrbgem from the core or mgem-list.
+
+To pull all gems from remote GIT repository on build, call `rake -p`,
+or `rake --pull-gems`.
 
 NOTE: `:bitbucket` option supports only git. Hg is unsupported in this version.
 
@@ -35,13 +64,14 @@ NOTE: `:bitbucket` option supports only git. Hg is unsupported in this version.
 
 There are instances when you wish to add a collection of mrbgems into mruby at
 once, or be able to substitute mrbgems based on configuration, without having to
-add each gem to the *build_config.rb* file.  A packaged collection of mrbgems
+add each gem to your build configuration file.  A packaged collection of mrbgems
 is called a GemBox.  A GemBox is a file that contains a list of mrbgems to load
-into mruby, in the same format as if you were adding them to *build_config.rb*
+into mruby, in the same format as if you were adding them to the build config
 via `config.gem`, but wrapped in an `MRuby::GemBox` object.  GemBoxes are
 loaded into mruby via `config.gembox 'boxname'`.
 
-Below we have created a GemBox containing *mruby-time* and *mrbgems-example*:
+Below we have created a GemBox containing `mruby-time` and `mrbgems-example`:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::GemBox.new do |conf|
   conf.gem "#{root}/mrbgems/mruby-time"
@@ -50,20 +80,23 @@ end
 ```
 
 As mentioned, the GemBox uses the same conventions as `MRuby::Build`.  The GemBox
-must be saved with a *.gembox* extension inside the *mrbgems* directory to to be
+must be saved with a `.gembox` extension inside the `mrbgems` directory to be
 picked up by mruby.
 
-To use this example GemBox, we save it as `custom.gembox` inside the *mrbgems*
-directory in mruby, and add the following to our *build_config.rb* file inside
+To use this example GemBox, we save it as `custom.gembox` inside the `mrbgems`
+directory in mruby, and add the following to your build configuration file inside
 the build block:
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gembox 'custom'
 ```
-This will cause the *custom* GemBox to be read in during the build process,
-adding *mruby-time* and *mrbgems-example* to the build.
+
+This will cause the `custom` GemBox to be read in during the build process,
+adding `mruby-time` and `mrbgems-example` to the build.
 
 If you want, you can put GemBox outside of mruby directory. In that case you must
 specify an absolute path like below.
+
 ```ruby
 conf.gembox "#{ENV["HOME"]}/mygemboxes/custom"
 ```
@@ -71,36 +104,41 @@ conf.gembox "#{ENV["HOME"]}/mygemboxes/custom"
 There are two GemBoxes that ship with mruby: [default](../../mrbgems/default.gembox)
 and [full-core](../../mrbgems/full-core.gembox). The [default](../../mrbgems/default.gembox) GemBox
 contains several core components of mruby, and [full-core](../../mrbgems/full-core.gembox)
-contains every gem found in the *mrbgems* directory.
+contains every gem found in the `mrbgems` directory.
 
 ## GEM Structure
 
 The maximal GEM structure looks like this:
 
-	+- GEM_NAME         <- Name of GEM
-	   |
-	   +- include/      <- Header for Ruby extension (will exported)
-	   |
-	   +- mrblib/       <- Source for Ruby extension
-	   |
-	   +- src/          <- Source for C extension
-	   |
-	   +- test/         <- Test code (Ruby)
-	   |
-	   +- mrbgem.rake   <- GEM Specification
-	   |
-	   +- README.md     <- Readme for GEM
+```
++- GEM_NAME             <- Name of GEM
+    |
+    +- README.md        <- Readme for GEM
+    |
+    +- mrbgem.rake      <- GEM Specification
+    |
+    +- include/         <- Header for Ruby extension (will exported)
+    |
+    +- mrblib/          <- Source for Ruby extension
+    |
+    +- src/             <- Source for C extension
+    |
+    +- tools/           <- Source for Executable (in C)
+    |
+    +- test/            <- Test code (Ruby)
+```
 
-The folder *mrblib* contains pure Ruby files to extend mruby. The folder *src*
-contains C/C++ files to extend mruby. The folder *include* contains C/C++ header
-files. The folder *test* contains C/C++ and pure Ruby files for testing purposes
-which will be used by `mrbtest`. *mrbgem.rake* contains the specification
-to compile C and Ruby files. *README.md* is a short description of your GEM.
+The folder `mrblib` contains pure Ruby files to extend mruby. The folder `src`
+contains C/C++ files to extend mruby. The folder `include` contains C/C++ header
+files. The folder `test` contains C/C++ and pure Ruby files for testing purposes
+which will be used by `mrbtest`. `mrbgem.rake` contains the specification
+to compile C and Ruby files. `README.md` is a short description of your GEM.
 
 ## Build process
 
-mrbgems expects a specification file called *mrbgem.rake* inside of your
+mrbgems expects a specification file called `mrbgem.rake` inside of your
 GEM directory. A typical GEM specification could look like this for example:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('c_and_ruby_extension_example') do |spec|
   spec.license = 'MIT'
@@ -110,10 +148,10 @@ end
 ```
 
 The mrbgems build process will use this specification to compile Object and Ruby
-files. The compilation results will be added to *lib/libmruby.a*. This file exposes
+files. The compilation results will be added to `lib/libmruby.a`. This file exposes
 the GEM functionality to tools like `mruby` and `mirb`.
 
-The following properties can be set inside of your `MRuby::Gem::Specification` for
+The following properties can be set inside your `MRuby::Gem::Specification` for
 information purpose:
 
 * `spec.license` or `spec.licenses` (A single license or a list of them under which this GEM is licensed)
@@ -130,6 +168,7 @@ The `license` and `author` properties are required in every GEM!
 
 In case your GEM is depending on other GEMs please use
 `spec.add_dependency(gem, *requirements[, default_get_info])` like:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('c_and_ruby_extension_example') do |spec|
   spec.license = 'MIT'
@@ -139,17 +178,21 @@ MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('c_and_ruby_extension_example') do |spec|
   # The version must be between 1.0.0 and 1.5.2 .
   spec.add_dependency('mruby-parser', '>= 1.0.0', '<= 1.5.2')
 
-  # Use any version of mruby-uv from github.
+  # Use any version of mruby-uv from GitHub.
   spec.add_dependency('mruby-uv', '>= 0.0.0', :github => 'mattn/mruby-uv')
 
-  # Use latest mruby-onig-regexp from github. (version requirements can be ignored)
+  # Use latest mruby-onig-regexp from GitHub. (version requirements can be omitted)
   spec.add_dependency('mruby-onig-regexp', :github => 'mattn/mruby-onig-regexp')
+
+  # You can add extra mgems active only on test
+  spec.add_test_dependency('mruby-process', :github => 'iij/mruby-process')
 end
 ```
 
 The version requirements and default gem information are optional.
 
 Version requirement supports following operators:
+
 * '=': is equal
 * '!=': is not equal
 * '>': is greater
@@ -157,23 +200,25 @@ Version requirement supports following operators:
 * '>=': is equal or greater
 * '<=': is equal or lesser
 * '~>': is equal or greater and is lesser than the next major version
-    * example 1: '~> 2.2.2' means '>= 2.2.2' and '< 2.3.0'
-    * example 2: '~> 2.2'   means '>= 2.2.0' and '< 3.0.0'
+  * example 1: '~> 2.2.2' means '>= 2.2.2' and '< 2.3.0'
+  * example 2: '~> 2.2'   means '>= 2.2.0' and '< 3.0.0'
 
 When more than one version requirements is passed, the dependency must satisfy all of it.
 
-You can have default gem to use as depedency when it's not defined in *build_config.rb*.
+You can have default gem to use as dependency when it's not defined in your build configuration.
 When the last argument of `add_dependency` call is `Hash`, it will be treated as default gem information.
 Its format is same as argument of method `MRuby::Build#gem`, expect that it can't be treated as path gem location.
 
-When a special version of depedency is required,
-use `MRuby::Build#gem` in *build_config.rb* to override default gem.
+When a special version of dependency is required,
+use `MRuby::Build#gem` in the build configuration to override default gem.
 
 If you have conflicting GEMs use the following method:
+
 * `spec.add_conflict(gem, *requirements)`
-    * The `requirements` argument is same as in `add_dependency` method.
+  * The `requirements` argument is same as in `add_dependency` method.
 
 like following code:
+
 ```ruby
 MRuby::Gem::Specification.new 'some-regexp-binding' do |spec|
   spec.license = 'BSD'
@@ -187,32 +232,35 @@ end
 ```
 
 In case your GEM has more complex build requirements you can use
-the following options additionally inside of your GEM specification:
+the following options additionally inside your GEM specification:
 
-* `spec.cflags` (C compiler flags)
-* `spec.mruby_cflags` (global C compiler flags for everything)
-* `spec.mruby_ldflags` (global linker flags for everything)
-* `spec.mruby_libs` (global libraries for everything)
-* `spec.mruby_includes` (global includes for everything)
+* `spec.cc.flags` (C compiler flags)
+* `spec.cc.defines` (C compiler defines)
+* `spec.cc.include_paths` (C compiler include paths)
+* `spec.linker.flags` (Linker flags)
+* `spec.linker.libraries` (Linker libraries)
+* `spec.linker.library_paths` (Linker additional library path)
+* `spec.bins` (Generate binary file)
 * `spec.rbfiles` (Ruby files to compile)
 * `spec.objs` (Object files to compile)
 * `spec.test_rbfiles` (Ruby test files for integration into mrbtest)
 * `spec.test_objs` (Object test files for integration into mrbtest)
 * `spec.test_preload` (Initialization files for mrbtest)
 
-### include_paths and depencency
+You also can use `spec.mruby.cc` and `spec.mruby.linker` to add extra global parameters for the compiler and linker.
+
+### include_paths and dependency
 
 Your GEM can export include paths to another GEMs that depends on your GEM.
 By default, `/...absolute path.../{GEM_NAME}/include` will be exported.
 So it is recommended not to put GEM's local header files on include/.
 
 These exports are retroactive.
-For example: when B depends to C and A depends to B, A will get include paths exported by C.
+For example: when B depends on C and A depends on B, A will get include paths exported by C.
 
-Exported include_paths are automatically appended to GEM local include_paths by Minirake.
+Exported include_paths are automatically appended to GEM local include_paths by rake.
 You can use `spec.export_include_paths` accessor if you want more complex build.
 
-
 ## C Extension
 
 mruby can be extended with C. This is possible by using the C API to
@@ -222,9 +270,10 @@ integrate C libraries into mruby.
 
 mrbgems expects that you have implemented a C method called
 `mrb_YOURGEMNAME_gem_init(mrb_state)`. `YOURGEMNAME` will be replaced
-by the name of your GEM. If you call your GEM *c_extension_example*, your
+by the name of your GEM. If you call your GEM `c_extension_example`, your
 initialisation method could look like this:
-```C
+
+```c
 void
 mrb_c_extension_example_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb) {
   struct RClass *class_cextension = mrb_define_module(mrb, "CExtension");
@@ -236,10 +285,10 @@ mrb_c_extension_example_gem_init(mrb_state* mrb) {
 
 mrbgems expects that you have implemented a C method called
 `mrb_YOURGEMNAME_gem_final(mrb_state)`. `YOURGEMNAME` will be replaced
-by the name of your GEM. If you call your GEM *c_extension_example*, your
+by the name of your GEM. If you call your GEM `c_extension_example`, your
 finalizer method could look like this:
 
-```C
+```c
 void
 mrb_c_extension_example_gem_final(mrb_state* mrb) {
   free(someone);
@@ -248,54 +297,57 @@ mrb_c_extension_example_gem_final(mrb_state* mrb) {
 
 ### Example
 
-	+- c_extension_example/
-	   |
-	   +- src/
-	   |  |
-	   |  +- example.c         <- C extension source
-	   |
-	   +- test/
-	   |  |
-	   |  +- example.rb        <- Test code for C extension
-	   |
-	   +- mrbgem.rake          <- GEM specification
-	   |
-	   +- README.md
+```
++- c_extension_example/
+    |
+    +- README.md        (Optional)
+    |
+    +- src/
+    |   |
+    |   +- example.c    <- C extension source
+    |
+    +- test/
+    |   |
+    |   +- example.rb   <- Test code for C extension
+    |
+    +- mrbgem.rake      <- GEM specification
+```
 
 ## Ruby Extension
 
 mruby can be extended with pure Ruby. It is possible to override existing
-classes or add new ones in this way. Put all Ruby files into the *mrblib*
+classes or add new ones in this way. Put all Ruby files into the `mrblib`
 folder.
 
-
 ### Pre-Conditions
 
 none
 
 ### Example
 
-	+- ruby_extension_example/
-	   |
-	   +- mrblib/
-	   |  |
-	   |  +- example.rb        <- Ruby extension source
-	   |
-	   +- test/
-	   |  |
-	   |  +- example.rb        <- Test code for Ruby extension
-	   |
-	   +- mrbgem.rake          <- GEM specification
-	   |
-	   +- README.md
+```
++- ruby_extension_example/
+    |
+    +- README.md        (Optional)
+    |
+    +- mrblib/
+    |   |
+    |   +- example.rb   <- Ruby extension source
+    |
+    +- test/
+    |   |
+    |   +- example.rb   <- Test code for Ruby extension
+    |
+    +- mrbgem.rake      <- GEM specification
+```
 
 ## C and Ruby Extension
 
 mruby can be extended with C and Ruby at the same time. It is possible to
 override existing classes or add new ones in this way. Put all Ruby files
-into the *mrblib* folder and all C files into the *src* folder.
+into the `mrblib` folder and all C files into the `src` folder.
 
-mruby codes under *mrblib* directory would be executed after gem init C
+mruby codes under `mrblib` directory would be executed after gem init C
 function is called. Make sure *mruby script* depends on *C code* and
 *C code* doesn't depend on *mruby script*.
 
@@ -305,20 +357,61 @@ See C and Ruby example.
 
 ### Example
 
-	+- c_and_ruby_extension_example/
-	   |
-	   +- mrblib/
-	   |  |
-	   |  +- example.rb        <- Ruby extension source
-	   |
-	   +- src/
-	   |  |
-	   |  +- example.c         <- C extension source
-	   |
-	   +- test/
-	   |  |
-	   |  +- example.rb        <- Test code for C and Ruby extension
-	   |
-	   +- mrbgem.rake          <- GEM specification
-	   |
-	   +- README.md
+```
++- c_and_ruby_extension_example/
+    |
+    +- README.md        (Optional)
+    |
+    +- mrblib/
+    |   |
+    |   +- example.rb   <- Ruby extension source
+    |
+    +- src/
+    |   |
+    |   +- example.c    <- C extension source
+    |
+    +- test/
+    |   |
+    |   +- example.rb   <- Test code for C and Ruby extension
+    |
+    +- mrbgem.rake      <- GEM specification
+```
+
+## Binary gems
+
+Some gems can generate executables under `bin` directory. Those gems are called
+binary gems.  Names of binary gems are conventionally prefixed by `mruby-bin`,
+e.g. `mruby-bin-mirb` and `mruby-bin-strip`.
+
+To specify the name of executable, you need to specify `spec.bins` in the
+`mrbgem.rake`. The entry point `main()` should be in the C source file under
+`tools/<bin>/*.c` where `<bin>` is a name of the executable. C files under the
+`<bin>` directory are compiled and linked to the executable, but not included in
+`libmruby.a`, whereas files under `mrblib` and `src` are.
+
+It is strongly recommended not to include `mrblib` and `src` directories in the
+binary gems, to separate normal gems and binary gems.
+
+### Example
+
+```
++- mruby-bin-example/
+    |
+    +- README.md        (Optional)
+    |
+    +- bintest/
+    |   |
+    |   +- example.rb   <- Test code for binary gem
+    |
+    +- mrbgem.rake      <- Gem specification
+    |
+    +- mrblib/          <- Source for Ruby extension (Optional)
+    |
+    +- src/             <- Source for C extension (Optional)
+    |
+    +- tools/
+        |
+        +- example/     <- Executable name directory
+        |
+        +- example.c    <- Source for Executable (includes main)
+```

doc/guides/symbol.md

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# Symbols
+
+Symbols in `mruby` C source code is represented by `mrb_sym` which is alias of
+`uint32_t`.  Lower 30 bits are used for symbols so that higher 2 bits can be
+used as flags, e.g. `struct mt_elem` in `class.c`.
+
+```c
+struct mt_elem {
+  union mt_ptr ptr;
+  size_t func_p:1;
+  size_t noarg_p:1;
+  mrb_sym key:sizeof(mrb_sym)*8-2;
+};
+```
+
+## C API
+
+We provide following C API for symbols.
+
+### Generate Symbols
+
+#### `mrb_sym mrb_intern(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t)`
+
+Get a symbol from a string.
+
+#### `mrb_sym mrb_intern_check_cstr(mrb_state*,const char*)`
+
+Get a symbol from a NULL terminated (C) string.
+
+#### `mrb_sym mrb_intern_str(mrb_state*,mrb_value)`
+
+Get a symbol from a Ruby string object.
+
+#### `mrb_intern_lit(mrb_state*,const char*)`
+
+Get a symbol from a C string literal. The second argument should be a C string
+literal, otherwise you will get a compilation error. It does not copy C string
+given the fact it's a literal.
+
+#### `mrb_sym mrb_intern_check(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t)`
+
+Get a symbol from a string if the string has been already registered as a
+symbol, otherwise return `0`. We also provide variants `mrb_intern_check_str()`
+(from Ruby string) and `mrb_intern_check_cstr()` (from C string).
+
+#### `const char *mrb_sym_name(mrb_state*,mrb_sym)`
+
+Get a string representation of a symbol as a C string.
+
+#### `const char *mrb_sym_name_len(mrb_state*,mrb_sym,mrb_int*)`
+
+Get a string representation of a symbol, and its length.
+
+## Preallocate Symbols
+
+To save RAM, `mruby` can use compile-time allocation of some symbols. You can
+use following macros to get preallocated symbols by including `mruby/presym.h`
+header.
+
+* `MRB_SYM(xor)`    //=> xor    (Word characters)
+* `MRB_SYM_B(xor)`  //=> xor!   (Method with Bang)
+* `MRB_SYM_Q(xor)`  //=> xor?   (Method with Question mark)
+* `MRB_SYM_E(xor)`  //=> xor=   (Method with Equal)
+* `MRB_CVSYM(xor)`  //=> @@xor  (Class Variable)
+* `MRB_IVSYM(xor)`  //=> @xor   (Instance Variable)
+* `MRB_OPSYM(xor)`  //=> ^      (Operator)
+
+For `MRB_OPSYM()`, specify the names corresponding to operators (see
+`MRuby::Presym::OPERATORS` in `lib/mruby/presym.rb` for the names that
+can be specified for it). Other than that, describe only word characters
+excluding leading and ending punctuations.
+
+These macros are converted to static symbol IDs at compile time, unless
+preallocate symbols are disabled by  `conf.disable_presym`. In that case,
+these macros are expanded to `mrb_intern_lit` calls, therefore the mruby state
+variable is required. The above macros assume the variable name is `mrb`.  If
+its name is not `mrb`, you need to use macros with `_2` suffix, such as
+`MRB_SYM_2` to specify `mrb_state*` variable.
+
+### Disabling Preallocated Symbols
+
+You can disable preallocated symbols by specifying `conf.disable_presym` in the
+configuration file.

doc/internal/boxing.md

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Boxing
+
+The mruby objects and data are represented by C data type `mrb_value`. There are three options how to pack the data values in the `mrb_value`.
+
+* Word Boxing
+* NaN Boxing
+* No Boxing
+
+## Word Boxing
+
+Word boxing packs the Ruby data in a word, which is a natural integer size that equals to the size of pointers (`intptr_t`). Word boxing can be specified by `MRB_WORD_BOXING`, and it's default configuration for most platforms.
+
+Some values (called immediate values, e.g. integers, booleans, symbols, etc.) are directly packed in the word. The other data types are represented by pointers to the heap allocated structures.
+
+The Word boxing packing bit patterns are like following:
+
+| Types  | Bit Pattern                         |
+|--------|-------------------------------------|
+| object | xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx000 |
+| fixnum | xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx1 |
+| nil    | 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 |
+| true   | 00000000 00000000 00000000 00001100 |
+| false  | 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000100 |
+| undef  | 00000000 00000000 00000000 00010100 |
+| symbol | xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx10 |
+
+On 64 bit platform (unless `MRB_WORDBOX_NO_FLOAT_TRUNCATE`), float values are also packed in the `mrb_value`. In that case, we drop least significant 2 bits from mantissa.
+If you need full precision for floating point numbers, define `MRB_WORDBOX_NO_FLOAT_TRUNCATE`.
+
+## NaN Boxing
+
+NaN boxing packs the Ruby data in a floating point numbers, which represent NaN (Not a Number) values. Under IEEE753 definitions every value that exponent is all set are considered as NaN. That means NaN can represent `2^51` values. NaN boxing is a teaching to pack the values in those NaN representation. In theory, 64 bits pointers are too big to fit in NaN, but practically most OS uses only 48 bits at most for pointers (except for some OS e.g. Solaris).
+
+The NaN boxing packing bit patterns are like following:
+
+| Types  | Bit Pattern                                                             |
+|--------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| float  | SEEEEEEE EEEEFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF |
+| +/-inf | S1111111 11110000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 |
+| nan    | 01111111 11111000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 |
+| fixnum | 01111111 11111001 00000000 00000000 IIIIIIII IIIIIIII IIIIIIII IIIIIIII |
+| symbol | 01111111 11111110 00000000 00000000 SSSSSSSS SSSSSSSS SSSSSSSS SSSSSSSS |
+| misc   | 01111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00TTTTTT 0000MMMM |
+| object | 01111111 11111100 PPPPPPPP PPPPPPPP PPPPPPPP PPPPPPPP PPPPPPPP PPPPPP00 |
+| ptr    | 01111111 11111100 PPPPPPPP PPPPPPPP PPPPPPPP PPPPPPPP PPPPPPPP PPPPPP01 |
+| nil    | 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 |
+
+The object values appear far more frequently than floating point numbers, so we offset the value so that object pointers are unchanged. This technique is called "favor pointer"".
+
+## No Boxing
+
+No boxing represents `mrb_value` by the C struct with `type` and the value union. This is the most portable (but inefficient) representation. No boxing can be specified by `MRB_NO_BOXING`, and it's default for debugging configuration (e.g. `host-debug`).

doc/internal/opcode.md

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+# The new bytecode
+
+We will reimplement the VM to use 8bit instruction code. By
+bytecode, we mean real byte code. The whole purpose is
+reducing the memory consumption of mruby VM.
+
+# Instructions
+
+Instructions are bytes. There can be 256 instructions. Currently, we
+have 94 instructions. Instructions can take 0 to 3 operands.
+
+## operands
+
+The size of operands can be either 8bits, 16bits or 24bits.
+In the table.1 below, the second field describes the size (and
+sign) of operands.
+
+* B: 8bit
+* S: 16bit
+* sS: signed 16bit
+* W: 24bit
+
+## table.1 Instruction Table
+
+| Instruction Name | Operand type | Semantics                                                |
+|------------------|--------------|----------------------------------------------------------|
+| `OP_NOP`         | `-`          | `no operation`                                           |
+| `OP_MOVE`        | `BB`         | `R(a) = R(b)`                                            |
+| `OP_LOADL`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = Pool(b)`                                         |
+| `OP_LOADI`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = mrb_int(b)`                                      |
+| `OP_LOADINEG`    | `BB`         | `R(a) = mrb_int(-b)`                                     |
+| `OP_LOADI__1`    | `B`          | `R(a) = mrb_int(-1)`                                     |
+| `OP_LOADI_0`     | `B`          | `R(a) = mrb_int(0)`                                      |
+| `OP_LOADI_1`     | `B`          | `R(a) = mrb_int(1)`                                      |
+| `OP_LOADI_2`     | `B`          | `R(a) = mrb_int(2)`                                      |
+| `OP_LOADI_3`     | `B`          | `R(a) = mrb_int(3)`                                      |
+| `OP_LOADI_4`     | `B`          | `R(a) = mrb_int(4)`                                      |
+| `OP_LOADI_5`     | `B`          | `R(a) = mrb_int(5)`                                      |
+| `OP_LOADI_6`     | `B`          | `R(a) = mrb_int(6)`                                      |
+| `OP_LOADI_7`     | `B`          | `R(a) = mrb_int(7)`                                      |
+| `OP_LOADI16`     | `BS`         | `R(a) = mrb_int(b)`                                      |
+| `OP_LOADI32`     | `BSS`        | `R(a) = mrb_int((b<<16)+c)`                              |
+| `OP_LOADSYM`     | `BB`         | `R(a) = Syms(b)`                                         |
+| `OP_LOADNIL`     | `B`          | `R(a) = nil`                                             |
+| `OP_LOADSELF`    | `B`          | `R(a) = self`                                            |
+| `OP_LOADT`       | `B`          | `R(a) = true`                                            |
+| `OP_LOADF`       | `B`          | `R(a) = false`                                           |
+| `OP_GETGV`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = getglobal(Syms(b))`                              |
+| `OP_SETGV`       | `BB`         | `setglobal(Syms(b), R(a))`                               |
+| `OP_GETSV`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = Special[Syms(b)]`                                |
+| `OP_SETSV`       | `BB`         | `Special[Syms(b)] = R(a)`                                |
+| `OP_GETIV`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = ivget(Syms(b))`                                  |
+| `OP_SETIV`       | `BB`         | `ivset(Syms(b),R(a))`                                    |
+| `OP_GETCV`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = cvget(Syms(b))`                                  |
+| `OP_SETCV`       | `BB`         | `cvset(Syms(b),R(a))`                                    |
+| `OP_GETCONST`    | `BB`         | `R(a) = constget(Syms(b))`                               |
+| `OP_SETCONST`    | `BB`         | `constset(Syms(b),R(a))`                                 |
+| `OP_GETMCNST`    | `BB`         | `R(a) = R(a)::Syms(b)`                                   |
+| `OP_SETMCNST`    | `BB`         | `R(a+1)::Syms(b) = R(a)`                                 |
+| `OP_GETUPVAR`    | `BBB`        | `R(a) = uvget(b,c)`                                      |
+| `OP_SETUPVAR`    | `BBB`        | `uvset(b,c,R(a))`                                        |
+| `OP_JMP`         | `S`          | `pc+=a`                                                  |
+| `OP_JMPIF`       | `BS`         | `if R(a) pc+=b`                                          |
+| `OP_JMPNOT`      | `BS`         | `if !R(a) pc+=b`                                         |
+| `OP_JMPNIL`      | `BS`         | `if R(a)==nil pc+=b`                                     |
+| `OP_JMPUW`       | `S`          | `unwind_and_jump_to(a)`                                  |
+| `OP_EXCEPT`      | `B`          | `R(a) = exc`                                             |
+| `OP_RESCUE`      | `BB`         | `R(b) = R(a).isa?(R(b))`                                 |
+| `OP_RAISEIF`     | `B`          | `raise(R(a)) if R(a)`                                    |
+| `OP_SEND`        | `BBB`        | `R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1),...,R(a+c))`            |
+| `OP_SENDB`       | `BBB`        | `R(a) = call(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1),...,R(a+c),&R(a+c+1))`  |
+| `OP_CALL`        | `-`          | `R(0) = self.call(frame.argc, frame.argv)`               |
+| `OP_SUPER`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = super(R(a+1),... ,R(a+b+1))`                     |
+| `OP_ARGARY`      | `BS`         | `R(a) = argument array (16=m5:r1:m5:d1:lv4)`             |
+| `OP_ENTER`       | `W`          | `arg setup according to flags (23=m5:o5:r1:m5:k5:d1:b1)` |
+| `OP_KEY_P`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = kdict.key?(Syms(b))`                             |
+| `OP_KEYEND`      | `-`          | `raise unless kdict.empty?`                              |
+| `OP_KARG`        | `BB`         | `R(a) = kdict[Syms(b)]; kdict.delete(Syms(b))`           |
+| `OP_RETURN`      | `B`          | `return R(a) (normal)`                                   |
+| `OP_RETURN_BLK`  | `B`          | `return R(a) (in-block return)`                          |
+| `OP_BREAK`       | `B`          | `break R(a)`                                             |
+| `OP_BLKPUSH`     | `BS`         | `R(a) = block (16=m5:r1:m5:d1:lv4)`                      |
+| `OP_ADD`         | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)+R(a+1)`                                     |
+| `OP_ADDI`        | `BB`         | `R(a) = R(a)+mrb_int(b)`                                 |
+| `OP_SUB`         | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)-R(a+1)`                                     |
+| `OP_SUBI`        | `BB`         | `R(a) = R(a)-mrb_int(b)`                                 |
+| `OP_MUL`         | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)*R(a+1)`                                     |
+| `OP_DIV`         | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)/R(a+1)`                                     |
+| `OP_EQ`          | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)==R(a+1)`                                    |
+| `OP_LT`          | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)<R(a+1)`                                     |
+| `OP_LE`          | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)<=R(a+1)`                                    |
+| `OP_GT`          | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)>R(a+1)`                                     |
+| `OP_GE`          | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)>=R(a+1)`                                    |
+| `OP_ARRAY`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = ary_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b))`                    |
+| `OP_ARRAY2`      | `BBB`        | `R(a) = ary_new(R(b),R(b+1)..R(b+c))`                    |
+| `OP_ARYCAT`      | `B`          | `ary_cat(R(a),R(a+1))`                                   |
+| `OP_ARYPUSH`     | `BB`         | `ary_push(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b))`                          |
+| `OP_ARYDUP`      | `B`          | `R(a) = ary_dup(R(a))`                                   |
+| `OP_AREF`        | `BBB`        | `R(a) = R(b)[c]`                                         |
+| `OP_ASET`        | `BBB`        | `R(b)[c] = R(a)`                                         |
+| `OP_APOST`       | `BBB`        | `*R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+c) = R(a)[b..]`                       |
+| `OP_INTERN`      | `B`          | `R(a) = intern(R(a))`                                    |
+| `OP_STRING`      | `BB`         | `R(a) = str_dup(Pool(b))`                                |
+| `OP_STRCAT`      | `B`          | `str_cat(R(a),R(a+1))`                                   |
+| `OP_HASH`        | `BB`         | `R(a) = hash_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b*2-1))`               |
+| `OP_HASHADD`     | `BB`         | `hash_push(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b*2))`                       |
+| `OP_HASHCAT`     | `B`          | `R(a) = hash_cat(R(a),R(a+1))`                           |
+| `OP_LAMBDA`      | `BB`         | `R(a) = lambda(Irep(b),OP_L_LAMBDA)`                     |
+| `OP_BLOCK`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = lambda(Irep(b),OP_L_BLOCK)`                      |
+| `OP_METHOD`      | `BB`         | `R(a) = lambda(Irep(b),OP_L_METHOD)`                     |
+| `OP_RANGE_INC`   | `B`          | `R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),FALSE)`                    |
+| `OP_RANGE_EXC`   | `B`          | `R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),TRUE)`                     |
+| `OP_OCLASS`      | `B`          | `R(a) = ::Object`                                        |
+| `OP_CLASS`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = newclass(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1))`                   |
+| `OP_MODULE`      | `BB`         | `R(a) = newmodule(R(a),Syms(b))`                         |
+| `OP_EXEC`        | `BB`         | `R(a) = blockexec(R(a),Irep[b])`                         |
+| `OP_DEF`         | `BB`         | `R(a).newmethod(Syms(b),R(a+1)); R(a) = Syms(b)`         |
+| `OP_ALIAS`       | `BB`         | `alias_method(target_class,Syms(a),Syms(b))`             |
+| `OP_UNDEF`       | `B`          | `undef_method(target_class,Syms(a))`                     |
+| `OP_SCLASS`      | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a).singleton_class`                            |
+| `OP_TCLASS`      | `B`          | `R(a) = target_class`                                    |
+| `OP_DEBUG`       | `BBB`        | `print a,b,c`                                            |
+| `OP_ERR`         | `B`          | `raise(LocalJumpError, Pool(a))`                         |
+| `OP_EXT1`        | `-`          | `make 1st operand 16bit`                                 |
+| `OP_EXT2`        | `-`          | `make 2nd operand 16bit`                                 |
+| `OP_EXT3`        | `-`          | `make 1st and 2nd operands 16bit`                        |
+| `OP_STOP`        | `-`          | `stop VM`                                                |
+|------------------|--------------|----------------------------------------------------------|

doc/language/README.md

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-# Language
-
-mruby is an implementation of the Ruby programming language.
-These documents are describing the language features and libraries
-which are provided together with mruby.
-
-## Built-In Class and Modules
-
-see *doc/language/Core.md*

doc/language/generator.rb

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-
-require 'pty'
-
-c_dir = File.dirname(__FILE__)
-MRUBY_ROOT = File.expand_path("#{c_dir}/../..")
-DOC_DIR = File.expand_path(c_dir)
-
-cmd = "ruby #{DOC_DIR}/mrbdoc/mrbdoc.rb #{MRUBY_ROOT} #{DOC_DIR} false"
-IO.popen(cmd, "r+") do |io|
-  io.close_write
-  while line = io.gets
-    puts line
-  end
-end

doc/language/mrbdoc/lib/mrbdoc_analyze.rb

@@ -1,231 +0,0 @@
-class MRBDoc
-  SRC_DIR = 'src'
-  MRBLIB_DIR = 'mrblib'
-
-  def analyze_code dir, &block
-    @mrb_files = {}
-    @dir = File.expand_path(dir)
-
-    block.call "MRBDOC\tanalyze #{@dir}"
-
-    analyze(dir) do |progress|
-      block.call progress
-    end
-  end
-
-  def each_file(&block); @mrb_files.each {|k,v| block.call k,v}; end
-
-  def find_c_func(c_func_name)
-    each_file do |file_name, file|
-      c_func = file.c_funcs(c_func_name)
-      return c_func unless c_func.nil?
-    end
-    {}
-  end
-
-  def find_c_file(rb_obj_name, c_func_name)
-    last_file_name_match = ''
-    each_file do |file_name, file|
-      c_func = file.c_funcs(c_func_name)
-      if c_func and file.rb_class(rb_obj_name) or file.rb_module(rb_obj_name)
-        return file_name
-      elsif c_func
-        last_file_name_match = file_name
-      end
-    end
-    last_file_name_match
-  end
-
-  def find_c_file_by_class(name)
-    each_file do |file_name, file|
-      rb_class = file.rb_class(name)
-      return file_name unless rb_class.nil?
-    end
-    'nil'
-  end
-
-  def find_c_file_by_module(name)
-    each_file do |file_name, file|
-      rb_module = file.rb_module(name)
-      return file_name unless rb_module.nil?
-    end
-    'nil'
-  end
-
-  private
-
-  def analyze dir, &block
-    collect_all_files dir, &block
-  end
-
-  def collect_all_files dir, &block
-    l = lambda {|f| block.call "  - #{f.name}"}
-    collect_files(src_code_dir(dir), /\.c$/, &l)
-    collect_files(mrb_code_dir(dir), /\.rb$/, &l)
-  end
-
-  def collect_files dir, rxp, &block
-    Dir.foreach(dir) do |file|
-      next unless file =~ rxp
-
-      file_path = "#{dir}/#{file}"
-      mrb_file = MRBFile.new "#{file_path}"
-      @mrb_files["#{file_path}"] = mrb_file
-
-      block.call mrb_file
-    end
-  end
-
-  def src_code_dir dir; File.expand_path SRC_DIR, dir; end
-  def mrb_code_dir dir; File.expand_path MRBLIB_DIR, dir; end
-end
-
-class MRBFile
-  attr_reader :name
-  attr_reader :file
-
-  def initialize mrb_file
-    @file = mrb_file
-    @name = File.basename file
-    @c_funcs = {}
-    @rb_class_c_def = {}
-    @rb_method_c_def = {}
-    @rb_class_method_c_def = {}
-    @rb_module_c_def = {}
-    @last_line = nil
-    @assignments = {}
-
-    @assignments['mrb->object_class'] = 'Object'
-    @assignments['mrb->kernel_module'] = 'Kernel'
-    @assignments['mrb->module_class'] = 'Module'
-    @assignments['mrb->nil_class'] = 'NilClass'
-    @assignments['mrb->true_class'] = 'TrueClass'
-    @assignments['mrb->class_class'] = 'Class'
-
-    analyze
-  end
-
-  def each_class &block
-    @rb_class_c_def.each do |class_name, class_hsh|
-      block.call class_name, class_hsh
-    end
-  end
-
-  def each_method name, &block
-    @rb_method_c_def.each do |met_name, met_hsh|
-      met_name_tmp = met_name.sub /^#{name}_/, ''
-      block.call met_name_tmp, met_hsh if met_hsh[:rb_class] == name
-    end
-  end
-
-  def each_class_method name, &block
-    @rb_class_method_c_def.each do |met_name, met_hsh|
-      met_name_tmp = met_name.sub /^#{name}_/, ''
-      block.call met_name_tmp, met_hsh if met_hsh[:rb_class] == name
-    end
-  end
-
-  def each_module &block
-    @rb_module_c_def.each do |module_name, module_hsh|
-      block.call module_name, module_hsh
-    end
-  end
-
-  def each_core_object &block
-    each_class {|n| block.call n}
-    each_module {|n| block.call n}
-  end
-
-  def c_funcs c_func_name; @c_funcs[c_func_name]; end
-  def rb_class rb_class_name; @rb_class_c_def[rb_class_name]; end
-  def rb_module rb_module_name; @rb_module_c_def[rb_module_name]; end
-
-  private
-
-  def analyze
-    File.open(file).each_line.each_with_index do |line, idx|
-      line_no = idx.succ
-      if c_file?
-        analyze_c_line line, line_no
-      elsif rb_file?
-        analyze_rb_line line, line_no
-      else
-        raise ArgumentError.new "#{file} is a not supported file type"
-      end
-      @last_line = line.strip
-    end
-  end
-
-  def c_file?; (name =~ /\.c$/); end
-  def rb_file?; (name =~ /\.rb$/); end
-
-  RXP_C_VAR = /\s*([^\s]*?)\s*?/
-  RXP_C_STR = /\s*?\"(.*?)\"\s*?/
-  #RXP_C_ISO = /\s*\;\s*[\/\*]*\s*.*?([15\.]{0,3}[0-9\.]*)\s*[\\\\\*]*/
-  RXP_C_ISO = /\s*;\s*[\/\*]*[\sa-zA-Z]*([\d\.]*)[\sa-zA-Z]*[\*\/]*/
-
-  def analyze_c_line line, line_no
-    case line.strip
-    when /^([a-zA-Z\_][a-zA-Z\_0-9]*?)\((.*?)\)\s*?$/
-      # assuming c method definition
-      @c_funcs[$1] = {:line_no => line_no, :args => $2, :return => @last_line}
-    when /mrb_define_class\(.*?\,#{RXP_C_STR}\,#{RXP_C_VAR}\)#{RXP_C_ISO}/
-      # assuming ruby class definition in c
-      class_name = $1.clone
-      iso = $3.clone
-      iso.strip!
-      @rb_class_c_def[class_name] = {:c_object => $2, :iso => iso}
-      assigns = line.split '='
-      if assigns.size > 1
-        assigns[0..-2].each do |v|
-          @assignments[v.strip] = class_name
-        end
-      end
-    when /mrb_define_module\(.*?\,#{RXP_C_STR}\)#{RXP_C_ISO}/
-      # assuming ruby class definition in c
-      module_name = $1.clone
-      iso = $2.clone
-      iso.strip!
-      @rb_module_c_def[module_name] = {:iso => iso}
-      assigns = line.split '='
-      if assigns.size > 1
-        assigns[0..-2].each do |v|
-          @assignments[v.strip] = module_name
-        end
-      end
-    when /mrb_define_method\(.*?\,#{RXP_C_VAR}\,#{RXP_C_STR}\,#{RXP_C_VAR}\,#{RXP_C_VAR}\)#{RXP_C_ISO}/
-      # assuming ruby method definition in c
-      name = $1.clone
-      name = resolve_obj(name)
-      iso = $5.clone
-      iso.strip!
-      @rb_method_c_def["#{name}_#{$2}"] = {:c_func => $3, :args => $4, :rb_class => name, :iso => iso}
-    when /mrb_define_class_method\(.*?\,#{RXP_C_VAR}\,#{RXP_C_STR}\,#{RXP_C_VAR}\,#{RXP_C_VAR}\)#{RXP_C_ISO}/
-      # assuming ruby class method definition in c
-      class_name = $1.clone
-      class_name = resolve_obj(class_name)
-      iso = $5.clone
-      iso.strip!
-      @rb_class_method_c_def["#{class_name}_#{$2}"] = {:c_func => $3, :args => $4, :rb_class => class_name, :iso => iso}
-    when /mrb_name_class\(.*?\,#{RXP_C_VAR}\,\s*mrb_intern\(.*?,#{RXP_C_STR}\)\)#{RXP_C_ISO}/
-      class_name = $2.clone
-      iso = $3.clone
-      iso.strip!
-      @rb_class_c_def[class_name] = {:c_object => $1, :iso => iso}
-      @assignments[$1] = class_name
-    when /mrb_include_module\(.*?\,#{RXP_C_VAR}\,\s*mrb_class_get\(.*?\,#{RXP_C_STR}\)\)/
-      class_name = resolve_obj($1)
-      mod = $2.clone
-      @rb_class_c_def[class_name][:include] = [] unless @rb_class_c_def[class_name].has_key? :include
-      @rb_class_c_def[class_name][:include] << mod
-    end
-  end
-
-  def analyze_rb_line line, line_no
-
-  end
-
-  def resolve_obj c_var
-    @assignments[c_var]
-  end
-end

doc/language/mrbdoc/lib/mrbdoc_docu.rb

@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-class MRBDoc
-  def write_documentation dir, cfg, &block
-    block.call "MRBDOC\twrite to #{File.expand_path(dir)}"
-
-    write(dir, cfg) do |progress|
-      block.call progress
-    end
-  end
-
-  private
-
-  def write dir, cfg
-    File.open(File.expand_path('Core.md', dir), 'wb+') do |io|
-      print_core_classes(io, cfg)
-      print_core_modules(io, cfg)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def get_core_list id
-    core_list = {}
-    each_file do |file_path, mrb_file|
-      mrb_file.send(id) do |name, cls_hsh|
-        core_list[name] = {:data => cls_hsh, :methods => {}, :class_methods => {}}
-        mrb_file.each_method name do |met_name, met_hsh|
-          core_list[name][:methods][met_name] = met_hsh
-        end
-        mrb_file.each_class_method name do |met_name, met_hsh|
-          core_list[name][:class_methods][met_name] = met_hsh
-        end
-      end
-    end
-    core_list
-  end
-
-  def print_core_classes(io, cfg)
-    core_list = get_core_list :each_class
-    io.puts "# Core Classes\n\n"
-    core_list.sort.each do |name, hsh|
-      file = find_c_file_by_class(name)
-      file = file.split("#{@dir}/")[1]
-      iso = hsh[:data][:iso]
-      iso = 'n/a' if iso.nil? or iso == ''
-      mixins = hsh[:data][:include].join(', ') unless hsh[:data][:include].nil?
-      mixins = 'n/a' if mixins.nil? or mixins == ''
-
-      io.puts <<CLASS
-## #{name}
-
-ISO Code | Mixins | Source File
---- | --- | ---
-#{iso} |  #{mixins} | #{file}
-
-CLASS
-      print_class_methods(io, hsh, cfg)
-      print_methods(io, hsh, cfg)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def print_core_modules(io, cfg)
-    core_list = get_core_list :each_module
-    io.puts "# Core Modules\n\n"
-    core_list.sort.each do |name, hsh|
-      file = find_c_file_by_module(name)
-      file = file.split("#{@dir}/")[1]
-      iso = hsh[:data][:iso]
-      iso = 'n/a' if iso.nil? or iso == ''
-
-      io.puts <<CLASS
-## #{name}
-
-ISO Code | Source File
---- | ---
-#{iso} | #{file}
-
-CLASS
-      print_class_methods(io, hsh, cfg)
-      print_methods(io, hsh, cfg)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def print_methods(io, hsh, cfg)
-    return unless hsh[:methods].size > 0
-    io.puts "### Methods\n\n"
-    hsh[:methods].sort.each do |met_name, met_hsh|
-      print_method(io, met_name, met_hsh, cfg)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def print_class_methods(io, hsh, cfg)
-    return unless hsh[:class_methods].size > 0
-    io.puts "### Class Methods\n\n"
-    hsh[:class_methods].sort.each do |met_name, met_hsh|
-      print_method(io, met_name, met_hsh, cfg)
-    end
-  end
-
-  def print_method(io, met_name, met_hsh, cfg)
-    if cfg[:print_line_no]
-      line_no_head = ' | Line'
-      line_no = " | #{find_c_func(met_hsh[:c_func])[:line_no]}"
-    else
-      line_no, line_no_head = '', ''
-    end
-    file = find_c_file(met_hsh[:rb_class], met_hsh[:c_func])
-    file = file.split("#{@dir}/")[1]
-    iso = met_hsh[:iso]
-    iso = 'n/a' if iso.nil? or iso == ''
-
-    io.puts <<METHOD
-#### #{met_name}
-
-ISO Code | Source File | C Function#{line_no_head}
---- | --- | ---
-#{iso} | #{file} | #{met_hsh[:c_func]}#{line_no}
-
-METHOD
-  end
-end

doc/language/mrbdoc/mrbdoc.rb

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env ruby
-
-$: << File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/lib'
-
-require 'mrbdoc_analyze'
-require 'mrbdoc_docu'
-
-MRUBY_ROOT = ARGV[0]
-DOC_ROOT = ARGV[1]
-_WRITE_LINE_NO = ARGV[2]
-STDOUT.sync = true
-
-raise ArgumentError.new 'mruby root missing!' if MRUBY_ROOT.nil?
-raise ArgumentError.new 'doc root missing!' if DOC_ROOT.nil?
-
-if _WRITE_LINE_NO.nil?
-  WRITE_LINE_NO = true
-else
-  case _WRITE_LINE_NO
-  when 'true'
-    WRITE_LINE_NO = true
-  when 'false'
-    WRITE_LINE_NO = false
-  else
-    raise ArgumentError.new 'Line no parameter has to be false or true!'
-  end
-end
-
-mrbdoc = MRBDoc.new
-
-mrbdoc.analyze_code MRUBY_ROOT do |progress|
-  puts progress
-end
-
-cfg = {:print_line_no => WRITE_LINE_NO}
-mrbdoc.write_documentation DOC_ROOT, cfg do |progress|
-  puts progress
-end

doc/limitations.md

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+# Limitations and Differences
+
+The philosophy of mruby is to be a lightweight implementation of
+the Ruby ISO standard. These two objectives are partially contradicting.
+Ruby is an expressive language with complex implementation details which
+are difficult to implement in a lightweight manner. To cope with this,
+limitations to the "Ruby Compatibility" are defined.
+
+This document is collecting these limitations.
+
+## Integrity
+
+This document does not contain a complete list of limitations.
+Please help to improve it by submitting your findings.
+
+## `Kernel.raise` in rescue clause
+
+`Kernel.raise` without arguments does not raise the current exception within
+a rescue clause.
+
+```ruby
+begin
+  1 / 0
+rescue
+  raise
+end
+```
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
+
+`ZeroDivisionError` is raised.
+
+#### mruby [3.0.0 (2021-03-05)]
+
+`RuntimeError` is raised instead of `ZeroDivisionError`. To re-raise the exception, you have to do:
+
+```ruby
+begin
+  1 / 0
+rescue => e
+  raise e
+end
+```
+
+## Fiber execution can't cross C function boundary
+
+mruby's `Fiber` is implemented similarly to Lua's co-routine. This
+results in the consequence that you can't switch context within C functions.
+Only exception is `mrb_fiber_yield` at return.
+
+## `Array` does not support instance variables
+
+To reduce memory consumption `Array` does not support instance variables.
+
+```ruby
+class Liste < Array
+  def initialize(str = nil)
+    @field = str
+  end
+end
+
+p Liste.new "foobar"
+```
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
+
+` [] `
+
+#### mruby [3.0.0 (2021-03-05)]
+
+`ArgumentError` is raised.
+
+## Method visibility
+
+For simplicity reasons no method visibility (public/private/protected) is
+supported. Those methods are defined, but they are dummy methods.
+
+```ruby
+class VisibleTest
+
+  def public_method; end
+
+  private
+  def private_method; end
+
+end
+
+p VisibleTest.new.respond_to?(:private_method, false)
+p VisibleTest.new.respond_to?(:private_method, true)
+```
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
+
+```
+false
+true
+```
+
+#### mruby [3.0.0 (2021-03-05)]
+
+```
+true
+true
+```
+
+### Visibility Declaration
+
+The declaration form of following visibility methods are not implemented.
+
+* `public`
+* `private`
+* `protected`
+* `module_function`
+
+Especially, `module_function` method is not dummy, but no declaration form.
+
+```
+module TestModule
+  module_function
+  def test_func
+    p 'test_func called'
+  end
+
+  test_func
+end
+
+p 'ok'
+```
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.5.5p157 (2019-03-15 revision 67260)]
+
+```
+ok
+```
+
+#### mruby [3.0.0 (2021-03-05)]
+
+```
+test.rb:8: undefined method 'test_func' (NoMethodError)
+```
+
+## `defined?`
+
+The `defined?` keyword is considered too complex to be fully
+implemented. It is recommended to use `const_defined?` and
+other reflection methods instead.
+
+```ruby
+defined?(Foo)
+```
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
+
+```
+nil
+```
+
+#### mruby [3.0.0 (2021-03-05)]
+
+`NameError` is raised.
+
+## `alias` on global variables
+
+Aliasing a global variable works in CRuby but is not part
+of the ISO standard.
+
+```ruby
+alias $a $__a__
+```
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
+
+` nil `
+
+#### mruby [3.0.0 (2021-03-05)]
+
+Syntax error
+
+## Operator modification
+
+An operator can't be overwritten by the user.
+
+```ruby
+class String
+  def +
+  end
+end
+
+'a' + 'b'
+```
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
+
+`ArgumentError` is raised.
+The re-defined `+` operator does not accept any arguments.
+
+#### mruby [3.0.0 (2021-03-05)]
+
+` 'ab' `
+Behavior of the operator wasn't changed.
+
+## `Kernel#binding` is not supported
+
+`Kernel#binding` method is not supported.
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 2.5.1p57 (2018-03-29 revision 63029)]
+
+```
+$ ruby -e 'puts Proc.new {}.binding'
+#<Binding:0x00000e9deabb9950>
+```
+
+#### mruby [3.0.0 (2021-03-05)]
+
+```
+$ ./bin/mruby -e 'puts Proc.new {}.binding'
+trace (most recent call last):
+        [0] -e:1
+-e:1: undefined method 'binding' (NoMethodError)
+```
+
+## `nil?` redefinition in conditional expressions
+
+Redefinition of `nil?` is ignored in conditional expressions.
+
+```ruby
+a = "a"
+def a.nil?
+  true
+end
+puts(a.nil? ? "truthy" : "falsy")
+```
+
+Ruby outputs `falsy`. mruby outputs `truthy`.
+
+## Argument Destructuring
+
+```ruby
+def m(a,(b,c),d); p [a,b,c,d]; end
+m(1,[2,3],4)  # => [1,2,3,4]
+```
+
+Destructured arguments (`b` and `c` in above example) cannot be accessed
+from the default expression of optional arguments and keyword arguments,
+since actual assignment is done after the evaluation of those default
+expressions. Thus:
+
+```ruby
+def f(a,(b,c),d=b)
+  p [a,b,c,d]
+end
+f(1,[2,3])
+```
+
+CRuby gives `[1,2,3,nil]`. mruby raises `NoMethodError` for `b`.

doc/mruby3.0.md

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+# User visible changes in `mruby3.0`
+
+# Build System
+
+## `build_config` directory
+
+Typical build configuration files are located in `build_config`
+directory. For examples:
+
+* `default`: the default configuration
+* `host-gprof`: compiles with `gprof` for performance tuning
+* `host-m32`: compiles in gcc 32bit mode on 64bit platforms
+* `boxing`: compiles all three boxing options
+* `clang-asan`: compiles with `clang`'s Address Sanitizer
+
+You can specify the build configuration file with the
+`MRUBY_CONFIG` environment variable (or `CONFIG` in short).
+If the value specified by `MRUBY_CONFIG` is not the path to
+the configuration file, `build_config/${MRUBY_CONFIG}.rb` is
+used.  So you can specify it as `rake MRUBY_CONFIG=boxing`,
+for example.
+
+# Build Configuration Contribution
+
+When you write a new build configuration description, please
+contribute. We welcome your contribution as a GitHub
+pull-request.
+
+# Language Changes
+
+## New Syntax
+
+We have ported some new syntax from CRuby.
+
+* Single line pattern matching (`12 => x`);
+  mruby matches only with local variables at the moment
+* Numbered block parameter (`x.map{_1 * 2}`)
+* End-less `def` (`def double(x) = x*2`)
+
+# Configuration Options Changed
+
+## Renamed for consistency
+
+Some configuration macro names are changed for consistency (use `MRB_USE_XXX`
+ or `MRB_NO_XXX`).
+
+|             mruby2             |          mruby3           |
+|--------------------------------|---------------------------|
+| `MRB_ENABLE_ALL_SYMBOLS`       | `MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS`     |
+| `MRB_ENABLE_CXX_ABI`           | `MRB_USE_CXX_ABI`         |
+| `MRB_ENABLE_CXX_EXCEPTION`     | `MRB_USE_CXX_EXCEPTION`   |
+| `MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK`        | `MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK`      |
+| `MRB_DISABLE_DIRECT_THREADING` | `MRB_NO_DIRECT_THREADING` |
+| `MRB_DISABLE_STDIO`            | `MRB_NO_STDIO`            |
+| `MRB_METHOD_T_STRUCT`          | `MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT` |
+| `MRB_USE_FLOAT`                | `MRB_USE_FLOAT32`         |
+| `MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT`            | `MRB_NO_FLOAT`            |
+| `ENABLE_LINENOISE`             | `MRB_USE_LINENOISE`       |
+| `ENABLE_READLINE`              | `MRB_USE_READLINE`        |
+| `DISABLE_MIRB_UNDERSCORE`      | `MRB_NO_MIRB_UNDERSCORE`  |
+
+* `MRB_USE_FLOAT32` is changed from `MRB_USE_FLOAT` to make sure `float` here
+   means using single precision float, and not the opposite of `MRB_NO_FLOAT`.
+* `MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT` uses `struct` version of `mrb_method_t`. More
+  portable but consumes more memory. Turned on by default on 32bit platforms.
+* `MRB_` prefix is added to those without.
+
+## `MRB_NO_BOXING`
+
+Uses `struct` to represent `mrb_value`. Consumes more memory
+but easier to investigate the internal and to debug. It used
+to be default `mrb_value` representation. Now the default is
+`MRB_WORD_BOXING`.
+
+## `MRB_WORD_BOXING`
+
+Pack `mrb_value` in an `intptr_t` integer. Consumes less
+memory compared to `MRB_NO_BOXING` especially on 32 bit
+platforms. `Fixnum` size is 31 bits so some integer values
+does not fit in `Fixnum` integers.
+
+## `MRB_NAN_BOXING`
+
+Pack `mrb_value` in a floating pointer number. Nothing
+changed from previous versions.
+
+## `MRB_USE_MALLOC_TRIM`
+
+Call `malloc_trim(0)` from mrb_full_gc() if this macro is defined.
+If you are using glibc malloc, this macro could reduce memory consumption.
+
+# Command Line Program
+
+## `bin/mruby` (by mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby)
+
+The mruby3 now automatically detects `*.mrb` files without the `-b`
+switch. Therefore, it can be mixed with the `*.rb` file in combination
+with the `-r` switch and specified at the same time.
+Here's an example that works fine:
+
+```console
+$ bin/mruby app.mrb
+$ bin/mruby -r lib1.mrb -r lib2.rb app.rb
+$ bin/mruby -r lib1.rb -r lib2.rb < app.mrb
+```
+
+# Internal Changes
+
+## New Instructions
+
+`mruby3` introduces a few new instructions.
+
+Instructions that access pool[i]/syms[i] where i>255.
+
+* `OP_LOADL16`
+* `OP_STRING16`
+* `OP_LOADSYM16`
+
+Instructions that load a 32 bit integer.
+
+* `OP_LOADI32`
+
+Instruction that unwinds jump table for rescue/ensure.
+
+* `OP_JMPUW`
+
+Renamed from `OP_RAISE`
+
+* `OP_RAISEIF`
+
+Instruction that is reserved for the future keyword argument support.
+
+* OP_SENDVK
+
+## Removed Instructions
+
+Instructions for old exception handling
+
+* `OP_ONERR`
+* `OP_POPERR`
+* `OP_EPUSH`
+* `OP_EPOP`
+
+No more operand extension
+
+* `OP_EXT1`
+* `OP_EXT2`
+* `OP_EXT3`
+
+## Changed Instructions
+
+Jump addresses used to be specified by absolute offset from the start of `iseq`. Now they are relative offset from the address of the next instruction.
+
+## `Random` now use `xoshiro128++`.
+
+For better and faster random number generation.
+
+## Preallocated Symbol
+
+Preallocated symbols are interned at compile-time. They can be accessed via symbols macros (e.g. `MRB_SYM()`).
+
+See [Symbols](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/doc/guides/symbol.md).

doc/mruby3.1.md

@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+# User visible changes in `mruby3.1` from `mruby3.0`
+
+# Build System
+
+## `build_config` directory
+
+Several configurations for new platforms are added:
+
+* `cross-mingw-winetest.rb`
+* `cross-mingw.rb`
+* `nintendo_switch.rb`
+* `serenity.rb`
+
+Some new configurations for added for convenience.
+
+* `minimal`: minimal configuration
+* `host-f32`: compiles with `mrb_float` as 32 bit `float`
+* `host-nofloat`: compiles with no float configuration
+
+And `android_arm64-v8a.rb` was renamed to `android_arm64_v8a.rb` for consistency.
+
+# Configuration Options Changed
+
+Some configuration macros are available:
+
+* `MRB_WORDBOX_NO_FLOAT_TRUNCATE`: by default, float values are packed in the word if possible, but define this macro to allocate float values in the heap.
+* `MRB_USE_RO_DATA_P_ETEXT`: define this macro if `_etext` is available on your platform.
+* `MRB_NO_DEFAULT_RO_DATA_P`: define this macro to avoid using predefined `mrb_ro_data_p()` function
+
+# Language Changes
+
+## Keyword Arguments
+
+CRuby3.0 compatible keyword arguments are introduced.
+Keyword arguments are basically separated from ordinal arguments
+
+## New Methods
+
+* `Array#product`
+* `Array#repeated_combination`
+* `Array#repeated_permutation`
+* `Random.bytes`
+* `Random#bytes`
+
+# Internal Changes
+
+## Reintroduced Instructions
+
+`mruby3.0` removed `OP_EXT1`, `OP_EXT2`, `OP_EXT3` for operand extension. But the operand size limitations was too tight for real-world application.
+`mruby3.1` reintroduces those extension instructions.
+
+## Removed Instructions
+
+`mruby3.1` removed following instructions.
+
+* `OP_LOADL16`
+* `OP_LOADSYM16`
+* `OP_STRING16`
+* `OP_LAMBDA16`
+* `OP_BLOCK16`
+* `OP_METHOD16`
+* `OP_EXEC16`
+
+Those instructions are no longer needed by reintroduction of extension instructions.
+
+* `OP_SENDV`
+* `OP_SENDVB`
+
+Those instructions for method calls with variable number of arguments are no longer needed. They are covered by `OP_SEND` instruction with `n=15`.
+
+## New Instructions
+
+`mruby3.1` introduces following new instructions.
+
+* `OP_GETIDX`: takes 2 operands `a[b]`
+* `OP_SETIDX`: takes 3 operands `a[b]=c`
+* `OP_SSEND`: takes 3 operands `a=self.b(c...)`; see `OP_SEND`
+* `OP_SSENDB`: takes 3 operands `a=self.b(c...){...}`; see `OP_SEND`
+
+### `OP_GETIDX` and `OP_SETIDX`
+
+Execute `obj[int]` and `obj[int] = value` respectively, where `obj` is `string|array|hash`.
+
+### `OP_SSEND` and `OP_SSENDB`
+
+They are similar to `OP_SEND` and `OP_SENDB` respectively. They initialize the `R[a]` by `self` first so that we can skip one `OP_LOADSELF` instruction for each call.
+
+## Changed Instructions
+
+### `OP_SEND` and `OP_SENDB`
+
+Method calling instructions are unified. Now `OP_SEND` and `OP_SENDB` (method call with a block) can support both splat arguments and keyword arguments as well.
+
+The brief description of the instructions:
+
+|`OP_SEND`   | BBB | `R[a] = R[a].call(Syms[b],R[a+1..n],R[a+n+1],R[a+n+2]..nk) c=n|nk<<4`                    |
+|`OP_SENDB`  | BBB | `R[a] = R[a].call(Syms[b],R[a+1..n],R[a+n+1..nk],R[a+n+2..nk],&R[a+n+2*nk+2]) c=n|nk<<4` |
+
+Operand C specifies the number of arguments. Lower 4 bits (`n`) represents the number of ordinal arguments, and higher 4 bits (`nk`) represents the number of keyword arguments.
+When `n == 15`, the method takes arguments packed in an array. When `nk == 15`, the method takes keyword arguments are packed in a hash.
+
+### `OP_ARYPUSH`
+
+Now takes 2 operands and pushes multiple entries to an array.
+
+## Boxing Updated
+
+### Word Boxing
+
+`MRB_WORD_BOXING` now packs floating point numbers in the word, if the size of `mrb_float` is equal or smaller than the size of `mrb_int` by default.
+If the size of `mrb_float` and `mrb_int` are same, the last 2 bits in the `mrb_float` are trimmed and used as flags. If you need full precision, you need to define `MRB_WORDBOX_NO_FLOAT_TRUNCATE` as described above.
+
+### NaN Boxing
+
+Previous NaN boxing packs values in NaN representation, but pointer retrievals are far more frequent than floating point number references. So we add constant offset to NaN representation to clear higher bits of pointer representation. This representation is called "Favor Pointer" NaN Boxing.
+
+Also, previous NaN boxing limit the size of `mrb_int` to 4 bytes (32 bits) to fit in NaN values. Now we allocates integer values in the heap, if the value does not fit in the 32 bit range, just like we did in Word Boxing.
+
+## Constant Folding
+
+The code generator was updated to reduce the number of instructions, e.g.
+
+```
+a = 2 * 5
+```
+
+will be interpreted as
+
+```
+a = 10
+```
+
+In addition, we have improved peephole optimizations, for example:
+
+```
+GETIV R4 :@foo
+MOVE R1 R4
+```
+
+to
+
+```
+GETIV R1 :@foo
+```
+
+## `String#hash` now use `FNV1a` algorithm
+
+For better and faster hash values.

examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example/mrblib/example.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 module CRubyExtension
   def CRubyExtension.ruby_method
-    puts "A Ruby Extension"
+    puts "#{self}: A Ruby Extension"
   end
 end

examples/mrbgems/c_and_ruby_extension_example/src/example.c

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 #include <mruby.h>
+#include <mruby/string.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 static mrb_value
 mrb_c_method(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
-  puts("A C Extension");
+  mrb_ensure_string_type(mrb, self);
+  printf("%s: A C Extension\n", mrb_str_to_cstr(mrb, self));
+
   return self;
 }
 

examples/mrbgems/c_extension_example/src/example.c

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 #include <mruby.h>
+#include <mruby/string.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
 static mrb_value
 mrb_c_method(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
 {
-  puts("A C Extension");
+  mrb_ensure_string_type(mrb, self);
+  printf("%s: A C Extension\n", mrb_str_to_cstr(mrb, self));
+
   return self;
 }
 

examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example/mrbgem.rake

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('ruby_extension_example') do |spec|
   # Add libraries
   # spec.linker.libraries << 'external_lib'
 
+  spec.add_dependency('mruby-print', :core => 'mruby-print')
+
   # Default build files
   # spec.rbfiles = Dir.glob("#{dir}/mrblib/*.rb")
   # spec.objs = Dir.glob("#{dir}/src/*.{c,cpp,m,asm,S}").map { |f| objfile(f.relative_path_from(dir).pathmap("#{build_dir}/%X")) }

examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example/mrblib/example.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 class RubyExtension
   def RubyExtension.ruby_method
-    puts "A Ruby Extension"
+    puts "#{self}: A Ruby Extension"
   end
 end

include/mrbconf.h

@@ -7,43 +7,125 @@
 #ifndef MRUBYCONF_H
 #define MRUBYCONF_H
 
+/* architecture selection: */
+/* specify -DMRB_32BIT or -DMRB_64BIT to override */
+#if !defined(MRB_32BIT) && !defined(MRB_64BIT)
+#if UINT64_MAX == SIZE_MAX
+#define MRB_64BIT
+#else
+#define MRB_32BIT
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(MRB_32BIT) && defined(MRB_64BIT)
+#error Cannot build for 32 and 64 bit architecture at the same time
+#endif
+
 /* configuration options: */
-/* add -DMRB_USE_FLOAT to use float instead of double for floating point numbers */
-//#define MRB_USE_FLOAT
+/* add -DMRB_USE_FLOAT32 to use float instead of double for floating-point numbers */
+//#define MRB_USE_FLOAT32
 
-/* add -DMRB_INT16 to use 16bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT64 */
-//#define MRB_INT16
+/* exclude floating-point numbers */
+//#define MRB_NO_FLOAT
 
-/* add -DMRB_INT64 to use 64bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT16 */
-//#define MRB_INT64
+/* obsolete configuration */
+#if defined(MRB_USE_FLOAT)
+# define MRB_USE_FLOAT32
+#endif
 
-/* represent mrb_value in boxed double; conflict with MRB_USE_FLOAT */
+/* obsolete configuration */
+#if defined(MRB_WITHOUT_FLOAT)
+# define MRB_NO_FLOAT
+#endif
+
+#if defined(MRB_USE_FLOAT32) && defined(MRB_NO_FLOAT)
+#error Cannot define MRB_USE_FLOAT32 and MRB_NO_FLOAT at the same time
+#endif
+
+/* add -DMRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE to disable method cache to save memory */
+//#define MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
+/* size of the method cache (need to be the power of 2) */
+//#define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<8)
+
+/* add -DMRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT on machines that use higher bits of function pointers */
+/* no MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT requires highest 2 bits of function pointers to be zero */
+#ifndef MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
+  // can't use highest 2 bits of function pointers at least on 32bit
+  // Windows and 32bit Linux.
+# ifdef MRB_32BIT
+#   define MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* define on big endian machines; used by MRB_NAN_BOXING, etc. */
+#ifndef MRB_ENDIAN_BIG
+# if (defined(BYTE_ORDER) && defined(BIG_ENDIAN) && BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN) || \
+     (defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && defined(__ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__) && __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
+#  define MRB_ENDIAN_BIG
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* represent mrb_value in boxed double; conflict with MRB_USE_FLOAT32 and MRB_NO_FLOAT */
 //#define MRB_NAN_BOXING
 
-/* define on big endian machines; used by MRB_NAN_BOXING */
-//#define MRB_ENDIAN_BIG
-
 /* represent mrb_value as a word (natural unit of data for the processor) */
 //#define MRB_WORD_BOXING
 
+/* represent mrb_value as a struct; occupies 2 words */
+//#define MRB_NO_BOXING
+
+/* if no specific boxing type is chosen */
+#if !defined(MRB_NAN_BOXING) && !defined(MRB_WORD_BOXING) && !defined(MRB_NO_BOXING)
+# define MRB_WORD_BOXING
+#endif
+
+/* if defined mruby allocates Float objects in the heap to keep full precision if needed */
+//#define MRB_WORDBOX_NO_FLOAT_TRUNCATE
+
+/* add -DMRB_INT32 to use 32bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT64;
+   Default for 32-bit CPU mode. */
+//#define MRB_INT32
+
+/* add -DMRB_INT64 to use 64bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT32;
+   Default for 64-bit CPU mode (unless using MRB_NAN_BOXING). */
+//#define MRB_INT64
+
+/* if no specific integer type is chosen */
+#if !defined(MRB_INT32) && !defined(MRB_INT64)
+# if defined(MRB_64BIT) && !defined(MRB_NAN_BOXING)
+/* Use 64bit integers on 64bit architecture (without MRB_NAN_BOXING) */
+#  define MRB_INT64
+# else
+/* Otherwise use 32bit integers */
+#  define MRB_INT32
+# endif
+#endif
+
+/* call malloc_trim(0) from mrb_full_gc() */
+//#define MRB_USE_MALLOC_TRIM
+
+/* string class to handle UTF-8 encoding */
+//#define MRB_UTF8_STRING
+
 /* argv max size in mrb_funcall */
 //#define MRB_FUNCALL_ARGC_MAX 16
 
 /* number of object per heap page */
 //#define MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE 1024
 
-/* use segmented list for IV table */
-//#define MRB_USE_IV_SEGLIST
+/* define if your platform does not support etext, edata */
+//#define MRB_NO_DEFAULT_RO_DATA_P
 
-/* initial size for IV khash; ignored when MRB_USE_IV_SEGLIST is set */
-//#define MRB_IVHASH_INIT_SIZE 8
+/* define if your platform supports etext, edata */
+//#define MRB_USE_RO_DATA_P_ETEXT
+/* use MRB_USE_ETEXT_RO_DATA_P by default on Linux */
+#if (defined(__linux__) && !defined(__KERNEL__))
+#define MRB_USE_ETEXT_RO_DATA_P
+#endif
 
-/* if _etext and _edata available, mruby can reduce memory used by symbols */
-//#define MRB_USE_ETEXT_EDATA
-
-/* do not use __init_array_start to determine readonly data section;
-   effective only when MRB_USE_ETEXT_EDATA is defined */
-//#define MRB_NO_INIT_ARRAY_START
+/* you can provide and use mrb_ro_data_p() for your platform.
+   prototype is `mrb_bool mrb_ro_data_p(const char *ptr)` */
+//#define MRB_USE_CUSTOM_RO_DATA_P
 
 /* turn off generational GC by default */
 //#define MRB_GC_TURN_OFF_GENERATIONAL
@@ -57,9 +139,6 @@
 /* page size of memory pool */
 //#define POOL_PAGE_SIZE 16000
 
-/* initial minimum size for string buffer */
-//#define MRB_STR_BUF_MIN_SIZE 128
-
 /* arena size */
 //#define MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE 100
 
@@ -72,43 +151,82 @@
 /* fixed size state atexit stack */
 //#define MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK
 
-/* -DDISABLE_XXXX to drop following features */
-//#define DISABLE_STDIO		/* use of stdio */
+/* -DMRB_NO_XXXX to drop following features */
+//#define MRB_NO_STDIO /* use of stdio */
 
-/* -DENABLE_XXXX to enable following features */
-//#define ENABLE_DEBUG		/* hooks for debugger */
+/* -DMRB_USE_XXXX to enable following features */
+//#define MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK /* hooks for debugger */
+//#define MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS /* Symbol.all_symbols */
+
+/* obsolete configurations */
+#ifdef MRB_METHOD_T_STRUCT
+# define MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
+#endif
+#if defined(DISABLE_STDIO) || defined(MRB_DISABLE_STDIO)
+# define MRB_NO_STDIO
+#endif
+#ifdef MRB_DISABLE_DIRECT_THREADING
+# define MRB_NO_DIRECT_THREADING
+#endif
+#if defined(ENABLE_DEBUG) || defined(MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK)
+# define MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK
+#endif
+#ifdef MRB_ENABLE_ALL_SYMBOLS
+# define MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS
+#endif
+#ifdef MRB_ENABLE_CXX_ABI
+# define MRB_USE_CXX_ABI
+#endif
+#ifdef MRB_ENABLE_CXX_EXCEPTION
+# define MRB_USE_CXX_EXCEPTION
+#endif
 
 /* end of configuration */
 
-/* define ENABLE_XXXX from DISABLE_XXX */
-#ifndef DISABLE_STDIO
-#define ENABLE_STDIO
-#endif
-#ifndef ENABLE_DEBUG
-#define DISABLE_DEBUG
-#endif
-
-#ifdef ENABLE_STDIO
+#ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
 # include <stdio.h>
 #endif
 
-#ifndef FALSE
-# define FALSE 0
-#endif
+/*
+** mruby tuning profiles
+**/
 
-#ifndef TRUE
-# define TRUE 1
-#endif
+/* A profile for micro controllers */
+#if defined(MRB_CONSTRAINED_BASELINE_PROFILE)
+# ifndef MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
+#  define MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
+# endif
 
-#if defined(MRB_BUILD_AS_DLL)
+# ifndef KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE
+#  define KHASH_DEFAULT_SIZE 16
+# endif
 
-#if defined(MRB_CORE) || defined(MRB_LIB)
-#define MRB_API __declspec(dllexport)
-#else
-#define MRB_API __declspec(dllimport)
-#endif
-#else
-#define MRB_API extern
+# ifndef MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE
+#  define MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE 256
+# endif
+
+/* A profile for default mruby */
+#elif defined(MRB_BASELINE_PROFILE)
+
+/* A profile for desktop computers or workstations; rich memory! */
+#elif defined(MRB_MAIN_PROFILE)
+# ifndef MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE
+#  define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<10)
+# endif
+
+# ifndef MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE
+#  define MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE 4096
+# endif
+
+/* A profile for server; mruby vm is long life */
+#elif defined(MRB_HIGH_PROFILE)
+# ifndef MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE
+#  define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<12)
+# endif
+
+# ifndef MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE
+#  define MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE 4096
+# endif
 #endif
 
 #endif  /* MRUBYCONF_H */