Refactor str_succ_bang for in-place modification

This commit refactors the str_succ_bang function in mrbgems/mruby-string-ext/src/string.c to perform string succession in-place.

The previous implementation used an intermediate temporary string, which incurred memory and performance overhead.
This change aims to reduce memory usage and improve performance by modifying the string buffer directly, using mrb_str_resize and memmove when prepending characters is necessary (e.g., '9' -> '10').

Formatting changes (newlines before 'else') have also been applied as per user request.

.codespellrc

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[codespell]
+ignore-words = .github/linters/codespell.txt
+skip = ./build,./doc/api,./doc/capi

.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+.DS_Store
+.idea
+.vscode
+.yardoc
+*.bak
+*.iml
+*.ipr
+*.swp
+*.tmp
+bin
+build
+doc/api
+doc/capi
+node_modules

.editorconfig

@@ -8,37 +8,23 @@ root = true
 [*]
 charset = utf-8
 end_of_line = lf
-indent_size = 8
-indent_style = tab
+indent_size = 2
+indent_style = space
 insert_final_newline = true
 tab_width = 8
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
 
 [{Makefile,Makefile.*,makefile,*.mk}]
-trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+indent_style = tab
 #max_line_length = 80
 
-[*.{c,cc,C,cxx,cpp,h,hh,H,hxx,hpp,inc,y}]
-indent_size = 2
-indent_style = space
-trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+#[*.{c,cc,C,cxx,cpp,h,hh,H,hxx,hpp,inc,y}]
 #max_line_length = 120
 
-[{*.rb,Rakefile,rakefile,*.rake,*.gemspec,*.gembox}]
-indent_size = 2
-indent_style = space
-trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+#[{*.rb,Rakefile,rakefile,*.rake,*.gemspec,*.gembox}]
 #max_line_length = 120
 
 # limitation to US-ASCII
 [*.bat]
 end_of_line = crlf
-indent_style = space
 #max_line_length = 80
-
-[*.{yaml,yml}]
-indent_size = 2
-indent_style = space
-
-[*.md]
-indent_size = 2
-indent_style = space

.git-blame-ignore-revs

@@ -4,3 +4,5 @@
 61e8a540869c57ebddac53cf9d243db407d57fff
 # reindent parse.y
 650ffb9d8410e1ae2206890ef6e2a8643c600454
+# reindent build_config/playstationportable.rb
+90ab714fda6825c4e951d47d7e6ecff033dd14e3

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+*       text=auto eol=lf
+*.bat   text eol=crlf
+*.cmd   text eol=crlf
+*.png   binary

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-# Basic set up
-
+# https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/dependabot/dependabot-version-updates
 version: 2
 updates:
-
-  # Maintain dependencies for GitHub Actions
+  - package-ecosystem: "bundler"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
   - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
     directory: "/"
     schedule:

.github/labeler.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# https://github.com/actions/labeler
+benchmark:
+  - any:
+      - changed-files:
+          - any-glob-to-any-file:
+              - benchmark/**/*
+build:
+  - any:
+      - changed-files:
+          - any-glob-to-any-file:
+              - Dockerfile
+              - Doxyfile
+              - Makefile
+              - Rakefile
+              - appveyor.yml
+              - build_config.rb
+              - build_config/**/*
+              - docker-compose.yml
+              - lib/**/*
+              - minirake
+              - tasks/**/*
+              - .codespellrc
+              - .dockerignore
+              - .pre-commit-config.yaml
+              - .prettierignore
+              - .prettierrc
+              - .travis.yml
+              - .yardopts
+core:
+  - any:
+      - changed-files:
+          - any-glob-to-any-file:
+              - include/**/*
+              - mrblib/**/*
+              - src/**/*
+              - test/**/*
+doc:
+  - any:
+      - changed-files:
+          - any-glob-to-any-file:
+              - CONTRIBUTING.md
+              - LEGAL
+              - LICENSE
+              - NEWS
+              - README.md
+              - SECURITY.md
+              - TODO.md
+              - doc/**/*
+              - examples/**/*
+github:
+  - any:
+      - changed-files:
+          - any-glob-to-any-file:
+              - .github/**/*
+miscellaneous:
+  - any:
+      - changed-files:
+          - any-glob-to-any-file:
+              - .editorconfig
+              - .git-blame-ignore-revs
+              - .gitattributes
+              - .gitignore
+              - AUTHORS
+              - Gemfile
+              - Gemfile.lock
+              - mruby-source.gemspec
+mrbgems:
+  - any:
+      - changed-files:
+          - any-glob-to-any-file:
+              - mrbgems/**/*
+oss-fuzz:
+  - any:
+      - changed-files:
+          - any-glob-to-any-file:
+              - oss-fuzz/**/*
+tools:
+  - any:
+      - changed-files:
+          - any-glob-to-any-file:
+              - tools/**/*

.github/linters/.hadolint.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+failure-threshold: info
+ignored:
+  - DL3008 # https://github.com/hadolint/hadolint/wiki/DL3008
+  - DL3013 # https://github.com/hadolint/hadolint/wiki/DL3013

.github/linters/.ls-lint.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+ls:
+  .c: snake_case
+  .cpp: snake_case
+  .h: snake_case
+  .json: snake_case
+  .rb: snake_case
+  .yaml: regex:\.?[a-z]+(-[a-z]+)*
+  .yml: regex:\.?[a-z]+(-[a-z]+)*
+
+ignore:
+  - build_config
+  - mrbgems/mruby-compiler/core/y.tab.c

.github/linters/.markdown-lint.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint#rules--aliases
+# https://github.com/igorshubovych/markdownlint-cli
 # markdownlint -c .github/linters/.markdown-lint.yml .
 
 # MD001 heading-increment/header-increment - Heading levels should only increment by one level at a time
@@ -19,5 +20,14 @@ MD025: false
 # MD026 no-trailing-punctuation - Trailing punctuation in heading
 MD026: false
 
+# MD029/ol-prefix Ordered list item prefix
+MD029: false
+
+# MD033/no-inline-html - Inline HTML
+MD033: false
+
 # MD040 fenced-code-language - Fenced code blocks should have a language specified
 MD040: false
+
+# MD041 first-line-heading/first-line-h1 - First line in a file should be a top-level heading
+MD041: false

.github/linters/.yaml-lint.yml

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 extends: default
 
 rules:
+  comments:
+    min-spaces-from-content: 1
   document-start: disable
   line-length: disable
   truthy: false

.github/linters/codespell.txt

@@ -1,20 +1,16 @@
 ans
-ba
+celler
 clen
-creat
 delet
 disabl
-falsy
 filetest
 fo
 hel
-hist
 ist
-methid
 nd
 quitt
 remore
-ro
 runn
 sting
-upto
+strin
+wronly

.github/linters/mlc_config.json

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "ignorePatterns": [
+    {
+      "pattern": "^https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/"
+    },
+    {
+      "pattern": "^mailto:"
+    }
+  ]
+}

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# https://github.com/actions/runner-images#available-images
 name: Build & Test
 
 on: [push, pull_request]
@@ -15,25 +16,28 @@ jobs:
       max-parallel: 8
       matrix:
         include:
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: gcc, cxx: g++}
+          - {os: ubuntu-24.04, cc: clang, cxx: clang++}
           - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: gcc, cxx: g++}
           - {os: ubuntu-22.04, cc: clang, cxx: clang++}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, cc: gcc, cxx: g++}
-          - {os: ubuntu-20.04, cc: clang, cxx: clang++}
-          - {os: macos-latest, cc: clang, cxx: clang++}
-          - {os: windows-latest, cc: gcc, cxx: g++, altname: "mingw-gcc"}
+          - {os: macos-15, cc: clang, cxx: clang++}
+          - {os: macos-14, cc: clang, cxx: clang++}
+          - {os: windows-2025, cc: gcc, cxx: g++, altname: "mingw-gcc"}
+          - {os: windows-2022, cc: gcc, cxx: g++, altname: "mingw-gcc"}
     env:
       MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
       CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
       CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
       LD: ${{ matrix.cc }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: "Checkout ${{ github.ref }} ( ${{ github.sha }} )"
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Ruby version
         run: ruby -v
       - name: Compiler version
         run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
       - name: Build and test
-        run: rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+        run: rake -m test:run:serial
 
   Windows-VC:
     runs-on: windows-2022
@@ -41,11 +45,12 @@ jobs:
     env:
       MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/msvc
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: "Checkout ${{ github.ref }} ( ${{ github.sha }} )"
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Ruby version
         run: ruby -v
       - name: Build and test
         shell: cmd
         run: |
           call "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
-          rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+          rake -m test:run:serial

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-name: Code scanning - action
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches-ignore:
-      - dependabot/**
-  pull_request:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '0 19 * * 4'
-
-permissions:
-  contents: read
-
-jobs:
-  CodeQL-Build:
-    permissions:
-      actions: read  # for github/codeql-action/init to get workflow details
-      contents: read  # for actions/checkout to fetch code
-      security-events: write  # for github/codeql-action/autobuild to send a status report
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-        with:
-          # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
-          # a pull request then we can checkout the head.
-          fetch-depth: 2
-
-      # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
-      - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
-        # Override language selection by uncommenting this and choosing your languages
-        # with:
-        #   languages: go, javascript, csharp, python, cpp, java
-
-      # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
-      # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
-      - name: Autobuild
-        uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v2
-
-      # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
-      # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
-
-      # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines
-      #    and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project
-      #    uses a compiled language
-
-      # - run: |
-      #    make bootstrap
-      #    make release
-
-      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2

.github/workflows/coverage.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+name: Coverage
+
+on: [push]
+
+jobs:
+  coverage:
+    name: Coverage
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    env:
+      MRUBY_CONFIG: ci/gcc-clang
+      CC: clang-18
+      CXX: clang++-18
+      LD: clang-18
+      CFLAGS: -O0 -g --coverage
+      CXXFLAGS: -O0 -g --coverage
+      LDFLAGS: --coverage
+    steps:
+      - name: "Checkout ${{ github.ref }} ( ${{ github.sha }} )"
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Ruby version
+        run: ruby -v
+      - name: Compiler version
+        run: ${{ env.CC }} --version
+      - name: Build and test
+        run: rake test
+      - name: Install gcovr
+        run: pip install gcovr
+      - name: Generate coverage report
+        run: |
+          {
+            echo "# Coverage report"
+            echo \`\`\`
+            gcovr --gcov-executable "llvm-cov-18 gcov" -e ".*_test.c" -e ".*/test/.*" -s --html-details -o coverage/ build
+            echo \`\`\`
+          } > "$GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY"
+      - name: Upload coverage report
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: coverage-${{ github.sha }}
+          path: coverage/
+          retention-days: 3

.github/workflows/labeler.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# https://github.com/actions/labeler
+name: Pull Request Labeler
+on:
+  - pull_request_target
+jobs:
+  triage:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      pull-requests: write
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/labeler@v5
+        with:
+          repo-token: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"
+          sync-labels: true

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# https://pre-commit.com/
 name: Lint
 
 on: [pull_request]
@@ -6,31 +7,29 @@ permissions:
   contents: read
 
 jobs:
-  misspell:
-    name: Check spelling with misspell
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Check Out
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - name: Install
-        run: wget -O - -q https://git.io/misspell | sh -s -- -b .
-      - name: Run misspell
-        run: git ls-files --empty-directory | xargs ./misspell -error
   pre-commit:
     name: Run pre-commit
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - name: Check Out
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: "Checkout ${{ github.ref }} ( ${{ github.sha }} )"
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Install
         run: |
           python -m pip install --upgrade pip
           pip install pre-commit
       - name: Set PY
-        run: echo "PY=$(python -VV | sha256sum | cut -d' ' -f1)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-      - uses: actions/cache@v3
+        run: echo "PY=$(python -VV | sha256sum | cut -d' ' -f1)" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: ~/.cache/pre-commit
           key: pre-commit|${{ env.PY }}|${{ hashFiles('.pre-commit-config.yaml') }}
       - name: Run pre-commit
         run: pre-commit run --all-files
+  ls-lint:
+    name: Run ls-lint
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: ls-lint/action@v2.3.1
+        with:
+          config: .github/linters/.ls-lint.yml

.github/workflows/oss-fuzz.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz
 name: CIFuzz
 on: [pull_request]
 permissions:
@@ -10,16 +11,16 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build Fuzzers
         uses: google/oss-fuzz/infra/cifuzz/actions/build_fuzzers@master
         with:
-          oss-fuzz-project-name: 'mruby'
+          oss-fuzz-project-name: "mruby"
           dry-run: false
       - name: Run Fuzzers
         uses: google/oss-fuzz/infra/cifuzz/actions/run_fuzzers@master
         with:
-          oss-fuzz-project-name: 'mruby'
+          oss-fuzz-project-name: "mruby"
           fuzz-seconds: 600
           dry-run: false
       - name: Upload Crash
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         if: failure()
         with:
           name: artifacts

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+name: Release Builds
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - "*.*.*"
+
+permissions: read-all
+
+jobs:
+  source:
+    name: Source Code Releasing
+    if: ${{ github.repository == 'mruby/mruby' }}
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    timeout-minutes: 10
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+    steps:
+      - name: "Checkout ${{ github.ref_name }} ( ${{ github.sha }} )"
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Builds
+        id: builds
+        run: |
+          tagname="$GITHUB_REF_NAME"
+          packagename="mruby-$tagname"
+          destdir=packages
+
+          mkdir -p "$destdir"
+          git archive --format zip --prefix "$packagename/" -o "$destdir/$packagename.zip" "$GITHUB_REF"
+          git archive --format tar.gz --prefix "$packagename/" -o "$destdir/$packagename.tar.gz" "$GITHUB_REF"
+          gunzip -c "$destdir/$packagename.tar.gz" | xz > "$destdir/$packagename.tar.xz"
+
+          (
+            cd "$destdir" || exit
+            sha256sum -- * > .sha256
+            mv .sha256 "$packagename.sha256"
+          )
+      - name: Release
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
+        with:
+          draft: true
+          prerelease: ${{ contains(github.ref_name, '-rc') }}
+          body_path: NEWS
+          files: packages/*

.github/workflows/super-linter.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# https://github.com/super-linter/super-linter
 name: Super-Linter
 
 on: [pull_request]
@@ -8,24 +9,23 @@ permissions:
 jobs:
   build:
     permissions:
-      contents: read  # for actions/checkout to fetch code
-      statuses: write  # for github/super-linter/slim to mark status of each linter run
+      contents: read # for actions/checkout to fetch code
+      statuses: write # for super-linter/super-linter/slim to mark status of each linter run
     name: Lint Code Base
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout Code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: "Checkout ${{ github.ref }} ( ${{ github.sha }} )"
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           # Full git history is needed to get a proper list of changed files within `super-linter`
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Lint Code Base
-        uses: github/super-linter/slim@v4.10.0
+        uses: super-linter/super-linter/slim@v7.4.0
         env:
-          ERROR_ON_MISSING_EXEC_BIT: true
-          VALIDATE_BASH: true
           # VALIDATE_BASH_EXEC: true
+          VALIDATE_DOCKERFILE_HADOLINT: true
           # VALIDATE_EDITORCONFIG: true
           # VALIDATE_SHELL_SHFMT: true
           DEFAULT_BRANCH: master
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-          VALIDATE_ALL_CODEBASE: false
+          VALIDATE_ALL_CODEBASE: true

.gitignore

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-*.lock
 *.bak
 *.bc
 *.d
 *.i
+*.lock
 *.o
 *.orig
 *.pdb
@@ -13,25 +13,27 @@
 *.tmp
 *~
 .DS_Store
+.cache
+.ccls*
 .ccmalloc
+.git
 .svn
 .vscode
 .yardoc
-.ccls*
-compile_flags.txt
+benchmark/**/*.dat
+benchmark/*.pdf
+benchmark/*.png
+bin
+build
+doc/api
+doc/capi
 compile_commands.json
+compile_flags.txt
 cscope.files
 cscope.out
+gmon.out
+mruby-source-*.gem
+node_modules
+perf.data*
 tags
-
-/.git
-/bin
-/build
-/mruby-source-*.gem
-
-/benchmark/**/*.dat
-/benchmark/*.pdf
-/benchmark/*.png
-
-/doc/api
-/doc/capi
+!Gemfile.lock

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,68 +1,132 @@
 ---
-default_stages: [commit, push]
+# https://pre-commit.com/
+default_stages: [pre-commit, pre-push]
 default_language_version:
   # force all unspecified Python hooks to run python3
   python: python3
-minimum_pre_commit_version: '2.18.1'
+  # force all unspecified Node hooks to run Node.js v22.15.0 LTS
+  node: 22.15.0
+minimum_pre_commit_version: "3.2.0"
+exclude: "^tools/lrama/"
 repos:
   - repo: meta
     hooks:
       - id: identity
+        name: run identity
+        description: check your identity
       - id: check-hooks-apply
+        name: run check-hooks-apply
+        description: check hooks apply to the repository
+  - repo: local
+    hooks:
+      - id: prettier
+        name: run prettier
+        description: format files with prettier
+        entry: prettier --write .
+        files: \.(json|md|ya?ml)$
+        language: node
+        additional_dependencies: ["prettier@3.5.3"]
+  - repo: https://github.com/gitleaks/gitleaks
+    rev: v8.25.1
+    hooks:
+      - id: gitleaks
+        name: run gitleaks
+        description: detect hardcoded secrets with gitleaks
+  - repo: https://github.com/shssoichiro/oxipng
+    rev: v9.1.5
+    hooks:
+      - id: oxipng
+        name: run oxipng
+        description: use lossless compression to optimize PNG files
+        args: ["-o", "4", "--strip", "safe", "--alpha"]
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v4.4.0
+    rev: v5.0.0
     hooks:
       - id: check-added-large-files
       - id: check-case-conflict
       - id: check-executables-have-shebangs
         exclude: ^test/t/lang\.rb$
+      - id: check-illegal-windows-names
+      - id: pretty-format-json
+        args: [--autofix, --no-sort-keys]
+      - id: check-json
       - id: check-merge-conflict
       - id: check-shebang-scripts-are-executable
       - id: check-vcs-permalinks
       - id: check-yaml
+      - id: destroyed-symlinks
+      - id: detect-aws-credentials
+        args: [--allow-missing-credentials]
       - id: detect-private-key
       - id: end-of-file-fixer
       - id: file-contents-sorter
-        files: ^codespell\.txt$
+        args: [--unique]
+        files: ^\.github/linters/codespell\.txt$
       - id: fix-byte-order-marker
+      - id: forbid-submodules
       - id: mixed-line-ending
       - id: trailing-whitespace
   - repo: https://github.com/Lucas-C/pre-commit-hooks
-    rev: v1.3.1
+    rev: v1.5.5
     hooks:
       - id: forbid-tabs
-        exclude: Makefile$|Makefile\..+$|makefile$|\.mk$
+        name: run no-tabs checker
+        description: check the codebase for tabs
+        exclude: Makefile$
       - id: remove-tabs
-        args: [--whitespaces-count, '2']
-        exclude: Makefile$|Makefile\..+$|makefile$|\.mk$
+        name: run tabs remover
+        description: find and convert tabs to spaces
+        args: [--whitespaces-count, "2"]
+        exclude: Makefile$
+  - repo: https://github.com/rhysd/actionlint
+    rev: v1.7.7
+    hooks:
+      - id: actionlint
+        name: run actionlint
+        description: lint GitHub Actions workflow files
   - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
-    rev: v2.2.2
+    rev: v2.4.1
     hooks:
       - id: codespell
-        name: Run codespell
-        description: Check spelling with codespell
-        entry: codespell --ignore-words=codespell.txt
+        name: run codespell
+        description: check spelling with codespell
   - repo: https://github.com/jumanjihouse/pre-commit-hooks
     rev: 3.0.0
     hooks:
       - id: script-must-not-have-extension
-        name: Local policy is to exclude extension from all shell files
+        name: run script-must-not-have-extension
+        description: local policy is to exclude extension from all shell files
         types: [shell]
   - repo: https://github.com/igorshubovych/markdownlint-cli
-    rev: v0.33.0
+    rev: v0.44.0
     hooks:
       - id: markdownlint
-        name: Run markdownlint
-        description: Checks the style of Markdown files
-        entry: markdownlint -c .github/linters/.markdown-lint.yml .
+        name: run markdownlint
+        description: checks the style of Markdown files
+        args: [--config=.github/linters/.markdown-lint.yml]
         types: [markdown]
-        files: \.(md|mdown|markdown)$
+        files: \.md$
+  - repo: https://github.com/tcort/markdown-link-check
+    rev: v3.13.7
+    hooks:
+      - id: markdown-link-check
+        name: run markdown-link-check
+        description: checks hyperlinks in Markdown files
+        args: [--config=.github/linters/mlc_config.json, -q]
+        types: [markdown]
+        files: \.md$
+  - repo: https://github.com/shellcheck-py/shellcheck-py
+    rev: v0.10.0.1
+    hooks:
+      - id: shellcheck
+        name: run shellcheck
+        description: check shell scripts with a static analysis tool
   - repo: https://github.com/adrienverge/yamllint
-    rev: v1.28.0
+    rev: v1.37.0
     hooks:
       - id: yamllint
-        name: Run yamllint
-        description: Check YAML files with yamllint
-        entry: yamllint --strict -c .github/linters/.yaml-lint.yml
+        name: run yamllint
+        description: check YAML files with yamllint
+        args: [--strict, -c=.github/linters/.yaml-lint.yml]
         types: [yaml]
-        files: \.(yaml|yml)$
+        files: \.ya?ml$

.prettierignore

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Ignore artifacts:
+build
+coverage
+doc/internal/opcode.md
+tools/lrama

.prettierrc

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+  "bracketSpacing": false
+}

.travis.yml

@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@ env:
   - MRUBY_CONFIG=ci/gcc-clang
 
 script:
-  - rake -m test:build && rake test:run
+  - rake -m test:run:serial

AUTHORS

@@ -1,101 +1,108 @@
 # Authors of mruby (mruby developers)
 
-## The List of Contributors sorted by number of commits (as of 2022-01-08 4462e3d)
+## The List of Contributors sorted by number of commits (as of 2025-06-03 a3e7280)
 
-   8860 Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto (@matz)*
-    586 KOBAYASHI Shuji (@shuujii)
-    441 dearblue (@dearblue)*
-    378 Daniel Bovensiepen (@bovi)*
-    346 Takeshi Watanabe (@take-cheeze)*
-    334 Masaki Muranaka (@monaka)
-    328 Tomoyuki Sahara (@tsahara)*
+   6258 Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto (@matz)*
+    681 dearblue (@dearblue)*
+    587 KOBAYASHI Shuji (@shuujii)
+    353 Daniel Bovensiepen (@bovi)*
+    345 Takeshi Watanabe (@take-cheeze)*
+    333 Masaki Muranaka (@monaka)
     234 Jun Hiroe (@suzukaze)
+    233 John Bampton (@jbampton)
+    228 Tomoyuki Sahara (@tsahara)*
     220 Cremno (@cremno)*
     209 Yuki Kurihara (@ksss)+
-    151 Yasuhiro Matsumoto (@mattn)*
+    144 Yasuhiro Matsumoto (@mattn)*
     113 Carson McDonald (@carsonmcdonald)
-    113 John Bampton (@jbampton)
-    103 Tomasz Dąbrowski (@dabroz)*
-     84 Akira Yumiyama (@akiray03)*
-     84 skandhas (@skandhas)
+    104 Tomasz Pędraszewski (@dabroz)*
+     83 Akira Yumiyama (@akiray03)*
+     83 skandhas (@skandhas)
      80 Masamitsu MURASE (@masamitsu-murase)
-     74 Yuichiro MASUI (@masuidrive)
      73 Hiroshi Mimaki (@mimaki)*
      71 Tatsuhiko Kubo (@cubicdaiya)*
-     65 Yuichiro Kaneko (@yui-knk)+
-     64 Paolo Bosetti (@pbosetti)*
+     71 Yuichiro MASUI (@masuidrive)
+     62 Yuichiro Kaneko (@yui-knk)+
      59 Kurebayashi, Takahiro (@crimsonwoods)*
      56 h2so5 (@h2so5)
      52 Ralph Desir (@Mav7)*
+     48 Paolo Bosetti (@pbosetti)*
      45 Rory O'Connell (@RoryO)*
      42 fleuria (@flaneur2020)
      40 Christopher Aue (@christopheraue)
      40 Seba Gamboa (@sagmor)
+     39 Kouhei Sutou (@kou)*
      38 Koji Yoshioka (@kyab)*+
-     38 Kouhei Sutou (@kou)*
      32 Masayoshi Takahashi (@takahashim)+
      31 MATSUMOTO Ryosuke (@matsumotory)*
      30 Nobuyoshi Nakada (@nobu)
-     26 Julian Aron Prenner (@furunkel)*
-     24 Ryan Scott (@ryan-scott-dev)*
+     26 Hoshiumi Arata (@hoshiumiarata)*
+     25 Julian Aron Prenner (@furunkel)*
      22 Clayton Smith (@clayton-shopify)
      22 Uchio Kondo (@udzura)*
      22 Zachary Scott (@zzak)*
-     22 mirichi (@mirichi)
-     21 Jared Breeden (@jbreeden)*
      21 Ryan Lopopolo (@lopopolo)
+     20 Ryan Scott (@ryan-scott-dev)*
      19 Bouke van der Bijl (@bouk)
-     19 Felix Jones (@felixjones)*
-     19 Hidetaka Takano (@TJ-Hidetaka-Takano)
+     19 Jared Breeden (@jbreeden)*
      19 go kikuta (@gkta)*
      18 Corey Powell (@IceDragon200)
+     18 Hidetaka Takano (@TJ-Hidetaka-Takano)
      18 Jon Maken (@jonforums)+
-     18 Mitchell Blank Jr (@mitchblank)*
+     18 leviongit (@leviongit)
+     18 mirichi (@mirichi)
+     17 Mitchell Blank Jr (@mitchblank)*
      16 bggd (@bggd)
      16 kano4 (@kano4)
+     15 Felix Jones (@felixjones)*
      14 Blaž Hrastnik (@archseer)*
-     14 Jose Narvaez (@goyox86)
      14 Kazuki Tsujimoto (@k-tsj)
      14 Tadashi FUKUZAWA (@FUKUZAWA-Tadashi)+
      14 fn ⌃ ⌥ (@FnControlOption)
+     13 Jose Narvaez (@goyox86)
      13 Patrick Hogan (@pbhogan)
+     13 google-labs-jules[bot] (@google-jules)
      12 Akira Kuroda (@akuroda)
      12 Kouki Ooyatsu (kaishuu0123)*
      12 NAKAMURA Usaku (@unak)*
-     12 RIZAL Reckordp (@Reckordp)+
+     12 Ray Chason (@chasonr)*
      12 Takashi Sawanaka (@sdottaka)*
      12 Ukrainskiy Sergey (@ukrainskiysergey)
      12 Xuejie "Rafael" Xiao (@xxuejie)*
      11 Julien Ammous (@schmurfy)
      11 Kazuho Oku (@kazuho)
+     11 RIZAL Reckordp (@Reckordp)+
      11 Seeker (@SeekingMeaning)
-     11 YAMAMOTO Masaya (pandax381)
      11 takkaw (@takkaw)
      10 Miura Hideki (@miura1729)
      10 Narihiro Nakamura (@authorNari)
-     10 Ray Chason (@chasonr)*
+     10 YAMAMOTO Masaya (pandax381)
      10 Yuichi Nishiwaki (@nyuichi)
       9 Akira Mitsui (@murasesyuka)*
       9 Frank Celler (@fceller)
       9 Tatsuya Matsumoto (@tmash06)*
       8 Takashi Sogabe (@sogabe)
+      8 Wataru Ashihara (@wataash)*
       7 Bhargava Shastry (@bshastry)*
       7 Kouichi Nakanishi (@keizo042)
       7 Rubyist (@expeditiousRubyist)
+      7 SiZiOUS (@sizious)
       7 Simon Génier (@simon-shopify)
       7 Terence Lee (@hone)
-      7 Wataru Ashihara (@wataash)*
       7 roco (@rystyle)*
+      7 vickash (@vickash)
       6 Akito Mochizuki (@ak-mochi)
       6 Beoran (@beoran)
       6 David Siaw (@davidsiaw)*
       6 Frederick John Milens III (@fjmilens3)
+      6 HASUMI Hitoshi (@hasumikin)
       6 Hiro Asari (@BanzaiMan)
       6 INOUE Yasuyuki (@yasuyuki)
       6 Junji Sawada (@junjis0203)
       6 Kenji Okimoto (@okkez)+
       6 Selman ULUG (@selman)
       6 Yusuke Endoh (@mame)*
+      6 masahino (@masahino)
       5 Chris Reuter (@suetanvil)
       5 Davide D'Agostino (@DAddYE)
       5 Eric Hodel (@drbrain)
@@ -104,22 +111,23 @@
       5 Keita Obo (@ktaobo)*
       5 Max Anselm (@silverhammermba)
       5 Rodrigo Malizia (@rmalizia44)+
-      5 SiZiOUS (@sizious)
       5 Syohei YOSHIDA (@syohex)
       5 TOMITA Masahiro (@tmtm)
       5 Yurie Yamane (@yurie)+
       5 dreamedge (@dreamedge)
-      5 masahino (@masahino)
       5 nkshigeru (@nkshigeru)
       5 xuejianqing (@joans321)
       4 Dante Catalfamo (@dantecatalfamo)
       4 Goro Kikuchi (@gorogit)
       4 Herwin Weststrate (@herwinw)
+      4 Horimoto Yasuhiro (@komainu8)
       4 Jon Moss (@maclover7)
       4 Ken Muramatsu (@ken-mu)+
       4 Kohei Suzuki (@eagletmt)
+      4 Lanza (@LanzaSchneider)
       4 Li Yazhou (@flaneur2020)
       4 Marcus Stollsteimer (@stomar)
+      4 Mark Delk (@jethrodaniel)
       4 NARUSE, Yui (@nurse)
       4 Ravil Bayramgalin (@brainopia)*+
       4 Satoshi Odawara (@SatoshiOdawara)
@@ -128,11 +136,12 @@
       4 kurodash (@kurodash)*
       4 wanabe (@wanabe)*
       3 Anton Davydov (@davydovanton)
+      3 Aurora Nockert (@auroranockert)
       3 Carlo Prelz (@asfluido)*
+      3 Daniel K. Sierpiński (@513ry)+
       3 David Turnbull (@AE9RB)
       3 Franck Verrot (@franckverrot)
-      3 HASUMI Hitoshi (@hasumikin)
-      3 Horimoto Yasuhiro (@komainu8)
+      3 Hirohito Higashi (@HirohitoHigashi)
       3 J. Mutua (@katmutua)+
       3 Jan Berdajs (@mrbrdo)
       3 Jonas Minnberg (@sasq64)
@@ -141,8 +150,8 @@
       3 Nobuhiro Iwamatsu (@iwamatsu)
       3 Per Lundberg (@perlun)*
       3 Rob Fors (@robfors)*
+      3 Robert Rowe (@CaptainJet)
       3 Sebastián Katzer (@katzer)*
-      3 Shouji Kuboyama (@Shokuji)*
       3 Shuta Kimura (@kimushu)+
       3 TERAJIMA, Motoyuki (@trmmy)
       3 Taichi AOKI (@aoki1980taichi)
@@ -164,7 +173,6 @@
       2 Francois Chagnon (@EiNSTeiN-)*
       2 Gilad Zohari (@gzohari)
       2 Go Saito (@govm)
-      2 Hirohito Higashi (@HirohitoHigashi)
       2 Hiroyuki Iwatsuki (@iwadon)
       2 Huei-Horng Yo (@hiroshiyui)
       2 Jonas Kulla (@Ancurio)
@@ -173,7 +181,6 @@
       2 Kazuhiko Yamashita (@pyama86)+
       2 Kazuhiro Sera (@seratch)
       2 Kuroda Daisuke (@dycoon)+
-      2 Lanza (@LanzaSchneider)
       2 Lothar Scholz (@llothar)
       2 Lukas Joeressen (@kext)
       2 Masahiro Wakame (@vvkame)+
@@ -183,26 +190,31 @@
       2 Russel Hunter Yukawa (@rhykw)+
       2 Ryunosuke SATO (@tricknotes)
       2 Santa Zhang (@santazhang)
-      2 Satoru Naba (@snaba)+
       2 Serg Podtynnyi (@shtirlic)
       2 Shannen Saez (@shancat)
+      2 Shouji Kuboyama (@Shokuji)*
       2 SouthWolf (@southwolf)
       2 TJ Singleton (@tjsingleton)
       2 Taiyo Mizuhashi (@taiyoslime)+
       2 Tomás Pollak (@tomas)*
       2 Yutaka HARA (@yhara)*+
       2 Zhang Xiaohui (@hifoolno)
+      2 buty4649 (@buty4649)
       2 icm7216 (@icm7216)
       1 A-Sat (@asatou)+
       1 Abinoam Praxedes Marques Junior (@abinoam)
       1 Alex Wang (@nanamiwang)+
+      1 AlexDenisov (@AlexDenisov)
       1 Andrew Nordman (@cadwallion)
       1 Ashish Kurmi (@boahc077)
       1 Atsushi Morimoto (@mynz)
       1 Ben A Morgan (@BenMorganIO)
       1 Benoit Daloze (@eregon)
+      1 Bradley Whited (@esotericpig)
+      1 Colin MacKenzie IV (@sinisterchipmunk)
       1 Daehyub Kim (@lateau)
       1 Daniel Varga (@vargad)
+      1 Diamond Rivero (@diamant3)
       1 Edgar Boda-Majer (@eboda)
       1 Fangrui Song (@MaskRay)
       1 Flavio Medeiros (@flaviommedeiros)
@@ -239,10 +251,11 @@
       1 Lukas Elmer (@lukaselmer)
       1 Lukas Stabe (@Ahti)
       1 M.Naruoka (@fenrir-naru)
-      1 Mark Delk (@jethrodaniel)
+      1 Marcelo Juchem (@juchem)
       1 Martin Bosslet (@emboss)+
       1 Masahiko Sawada (@MasahikoSawada)
       1 Matt Aimonetti (@mattetti)
+      1 Max Base (@MaxFork)
       1 Maxim Abramchuk (@MaximAbramchuck)
       1 Megumi Tomita (@tomykaira)+
       1 Mitchell Hashimoto (@mitchellh)
@@ -254,18 +267,22 @@
       1 Patrick Ellis (@pje)
       1 Patrick Pokatilo (@SHyx0rmZ)
       1 Pavel Evstigneev (@Paxa)+
+      1 Paweł Świątkowski (@katafrakt)
+      1 Pete Kinnecom (@petekinnecom)
       1 Prayag Verma (@pra85)
       1 Ranmocy (@ranmocy)
       1 Robert McNally (@wolfmcnally)
-      1 Robert Rowe (@CaptainJet)
+      1 Ryan Davis (@zenspider)
       1 Ryan Scott Lewis (@RyanScottLewis)
       1 Ryo Okubo (@syucream)
       1 SAkira a.k.a. Akira Suzuki (@sakisakira)
       1 Santiago Rodriguez (@sanrodari)
       1 Satoh, Hiroh (@cho45)+
+      1 Satoru Naba (@snaba)+
       1 Sayed Abdelhaleem (@visualsayed)
       1 Sergey Ukrainskiy (@ukrainskiysergey)
       1 Shugo Maeda (@shugo)
+      1 Sinkevich Artem (@ArtSin)
       1 Sorah Fukumori (@sorah)
       1 Stephen Jothen (@sjothen)
       1 Stuart Hinson (@stuarth)
@@ -281,19 +298,23 @@
       1 Yevhen Viktorov (@yevgenko)
       1 Yoji SHIDARA (@darashi)
       1 Yoshiori SHOJI (@yoshiori)
+      1 Yuji Yokoo (@yujiyokoo)
       1 Yukang (@chenyukang)
       1 Yurii Nakonechnyi (@inobelar)
       1 Yusuke Suzuki (@Constellation)+
       1 Yusuke Tanaka (@csouls)
+      1 alpha.netzilla (@alpha-netzilla)
       1 arton (@arton)
       1 duangsuse (@duangsuse)
       1 fl0l0u (@fl0l0u)
+      1 hasse (@hasse09052)
       1 hhc0null (@hhc0null)
       1 iTitou (@titouanc)
       1 javier ramírez (@javier)
       1 liyuray (@liyuray)
       1 lucas dicioccio (@lucasdicioccio)
       1 n4o847 (@n4o847)
+      1 niyarin (@niyarin)
       1 robert (@R-obert)
       1 sbsoftware (@sbsoftware)
       1 ssmallkirby (@smallkirby)

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ things in mind before submitting your pull request:
 - Create a branch which is dedicated to your change
 - Test your changes before creating a pull request (`rake test`)
 - If possible write a test case which confirms your change
-- Don't mix several features or bug-fixes in one pull request
+- Don't mix several features or bugfixes in one pull request
 - Create a meaningful commit message
 - Explain your change (i.e. with a link to the issue you are fixing)
 - Use mrbgem to provide non ISO features (classes, modules and methods) unless
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ A framework for managing and maintaining multi-language `pre-commit` hooks.
 You need to first install `pre-commit` and then install the `pre-commit` hooks with `pre-commit install`.
 Now `pre-commit` will run automatically on git commit!
 
-It's usually a good idea to run the hooks against all the files when adding new hooks (usually `pre-commit` will only run on the changed files during git hooks).
-Use `pre-commit run --all-files` to check all files.
+It's usually a good idea to run the hooks against all the files when adding new hooks (usually `pre-commit`
+will only run on the changed files during git hooks). Use `pre-commit run --all-files` to check all files.
 
 To run a single hook use `pre-commit run --all-files <hook_id>`
 
@@ -37,12 +37,16 @@ Sometimes you might need to skip one or more hooks which can be done with the `S
 
 `$ SKIP=yamllint git commit -m "foo"`
 
-For convenience, we have added `pre-commit run --all-files` and `pre-commit autoupdate`
+For convenience, we have added `pre-commit run --all-files`, `pre-commit install` and `pre-commit autoupdate`
 to both the Makefile and the Rakefile. Run them with:
 
 - `make check` or `rake check`
+- `make checkinstall` or `rake checkinstall`
 - `make checkupdate` or `rake checkupdate`
 
+To configure `pre-commit` you can modify the config file [.pre-commit-config.yaml](.pre-commit-config.yaml).
+We use [GitHub Actions](.github/workflows/lint.yml) to run `pre-commit` on every pull request.
+
 ### pre-commit quick links
 
 - [Quick start](https://pre-commit.com/#quick-start)
@@ -50,21 +54,73 @@ to both the Makefile and the Rakefile. Run them with:
 - [pre-commit autoupdate](https://pre-commit.com/#pre-commit-autoupdate)
 - [Temporarily disabling hooks](https://pre-commit.com/#temporarily-disabling-hooks)
 
-## Spell Checking
+## Docker
 
-We are running [misspell](https://github.com/client9/misspell) which is mainly written in
-[Golang](https://golang.org/) to check spelling with [GitHub Actions](.github/workflows/lint.yml).
-Correct commonly misspelled English words quickly with `misspell`. You can run `misspell` locally
-against all files with:
+We have both a `Dockerfile` and `docker-compose.yml` files in the repository root.
+You can run these with the command line or use
+[Docker Desktop](https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop/).
 
-```bash
-find . -type f | xargs ./misspell -error
+The Docker image is running Debian bullseye with Ruby and Python installed.
+You can build the Docker image with:
+
+`$ docker-compose build test`
+
+So far we just have one service: `test`. Running the default `docker-compose`
+command will create the Docker image, spin up a container and then build and
+run all mruby tests.
+
+The default `docker-compose` command is:
+
+`$ docker-compose -p mruby run test`
+
+You can also use Make or Rake to run the default `docker-compose`
+command from above:
+
+- `make composetest`
+- `rake composetest`
+
+List your Docker images with:
+
+```console
+$ docker images
+REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
+mruby-test   latest    ec60f9536948   29 seconds ago   1.29GB
 ```
 
-Notable `misspell` help options or flags are:
+You can also run any custom `docker-compose` command which will override
+the default. For example to run `pre-commit run --all-files` type:
 
-- `-i` string: ignore the following corrections, comma separated
-- `-w`: Overwrite file with corrections (default is just to display)
+`$ docker-compose -p mruby run test pre-commit run --all-files`
+
+For convenience, you can also run `pre-commit` with:
+
+- `make composecheck`
+- `rake composecheck`
+
+The bonus of running `pre-commit` with `docker-compose` is that you won't need
+to install `pre-commit` and the hooks on your local machine. And that also
+means you won't need to install `brew`, `conda` or `pip`.
+
+Note limitation: currently running `pre-commit` with `docker-compose` we
+skip the `check-executables-have-shebangs` hook.
+
+Two more examples of custom `docker-compose` commands are:
+
+- `$ docker-compose -p mruby run test ls`
+- `$ docker-compose -p mruby run test rake doc:api`
+
+If you want to test using a different `docker-compose` YAML config file you
+can use the `-f` flag:
+
+`$ docker-compose -p mruby -f docker-compose.test.yml run test`
+
+- <https://docs.docker.com/compose/>
+- <https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/cli/>
+
+## Spell Checking
+
+We are using `pre-commit` to run [codespell](https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell)
+to check code for common misspellings. We have a small custom dictionary file [codespell.txt](.github/linters/codespell.txt).
 
 ## Coding conventions
 
@@ -120,7 +176,7 @@ unless there's a clear reason, e.g. the latest Ruby has changed behavior from IS
 ### mruby API
 
 - [YARD](https://yardoc.org/) - YARD is a documentation generation tool for the Ruby programming language
-- [yard-mruby](https://rubygems.org/gems/yard-mruby) - Document MRuby sources with YARD
+- [yard-mruby](https://rubygems.org/gems/yard-mruby) - Document mruby sources with YARD
 - [yard-coderay](https://rubygems.org/gems/yard-coderay) - Adds coderay syntax highlighting to YARD docs
 
 ### C API

Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+FROM ruby:3.2.2-bullseye
+
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y python3-pip shellcheck \
+    && apt-get clean \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+COPY Gemfile Gemfile.lock .pre-commit-config.yaml ./
+
+RUN bundle install && pip3 install --no-cache-dir pre-commit && git init . && pre-commit install-hooks
+
+COPY . .

Gemfile

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+source 'https://rubygems.org'
+
+gem 'rake'
+gem 'yard'
+gem 'yard-coderay'
+gem 'yard-mruby'

Gemfile.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+GEM
+  remote: https://rubygems.org/
+  specs:
+    coderay (1.1.3)
+    rake (13.3.0)
+    yard (0.9.37)
+    yard-coderay (0.1.0)
+      coderay
+      yard
+    yard-mruby (0.3.0)
+      yard (~> 0.9.0)
+
+PLATFORMS
+  ruby
+  x86_64-darwin-21
+  x86_64-linux
+
+DEPENDENCIES
+  rake
+  yard
+  yard-coderay
+  yard-mruby
+
+BUNDLED WITH
+   2.4.10

LEGAL

@@ -3,3 +3,60 @@ LEGAL NOTICE INFORMATION
 
 All the files in this distribution are covered under the MIT license
 (see the file LICENSE) except some files mentioned below:
+
+- src/string.c (memsearch_swar): 2 clause BSD license code by Wojciech Muła (@WojciechMula)
+- src/fmt_fp.c: public domain by Dave Hylands (@dhylands)
+- mrbgems/mruby-dir/src/Win/dirent.c: MIT-like license by Kevlin Henney
+
+[src/string.c]
+The implementation of mrb_memsearch_ss() is taken from
+https://github.com/WojciechMula/sse4-strstr.git
+
+Copyright (c) 2008-2016, Wojciech Muła
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
+IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+[src/fmt_fp.c]
+
+The code in this function was inspired from Fred Bayer's pdouble.c.
+Since pdouble.c was released as Public Domain, I'm releasing this
+code as public domain as well.
+
+Dave Hylands
+
+The original code can be found in https://github.com/dhylands/format-float
+
+[mrbgems/mruby-dir/src/Win/dirent.c] used only for Windows platform
+
+Copyright Kevlin Henney, 1997, 2003, 2012. All rights reserved.
+
+Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
+documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided
+that this copyright and permissions notice appear in all copies and
+derivatives.
+
+This software is supplied "as is" without express or implied warranty.
+
+But that said, if there are any problems please get in touch.

LICENSE

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Copyright (c) 2010-2022 mruby developers
+Copyright (c) 2010- mruby developers
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),

Makefile

@@ -1,23 +1,56 @@
 # mruby is using Rake (https://ruby.github.io/rake/) as a build tool.
 
 RAKE = rake
+DOCKER_COMPOSE = docker-compose
+PRE_COMMIT = pre-commit
 
-all :
+define check_command
+	@command -v $(1) >/dev/null 2>&1 || { \
+		echo "Error: $(1) is not installed or not in PATH."; \
+		exit 1; \
+	}
+endef
+
+all : check_rake
 	$(RAKE)
 .PHONY : all
 
-test : all
+test : check_rake all
 	$(RAKE) test
 .PHONY : test
 
-clean :
+clean : check_rake
 	$(RAKE) clean
 .PHONY : clean
 
-check :
-	pre-commit run --all-files
+check : check_pre_commit
+	$(PRE_COMMIT) run --all-files
 .PHONY : check
 
-checkupdate :
-	pre-commit autoupdate
+checkinstall : check_pre_commit
+	$(PRE_COMMIT) install
+.PHONY : checkinstall
+
+checkupdate : check_pre_commit
+	$(PRE_COMMIT) autoupdate
 .PHONY : checkupdate
+
+composecheck : check_docker_compose check_pre_commit
+	$(DOCKER_COMPOSE) -p mruby run test $(PRE_COMMIT) run --all-files
+.PHONY : composecheck
+
+composetest : check_docker_compose
+	$(DOCKER_COMPOSE) -p mruby run test
+.PHONY : composetest
+
+check_rake:
+	$(call check_command, $(RAKE))
+.PHONY : check_rake
+
+check_docker_compose:
+	$(call check_command, $(DOCKER_COMPOSE))
+.PHONY : check_docker_compose
+
+check_pre_commit:
+	$(call check_command, $(PRE_COMMIT))
+.PHONY : check_pre_commit

NEWS

@@ -1,12 +1,254 @@
 NEWS
 ----
 
-This document is a list of user visible feature changes made between
-releases except for bug fixes.
+# User visible changes in `mruby3.4` from `mruby3.3`
 
-Note that each entry is kept so brief that no reason behind or
-reference information is supplied with.  For a full list of changes
-with all sufficient information, see the ChangeLog file.
+"**_NOTE_**:" are changes to be aware of.
 
+# The language
 
-** Information about first release v1.0.0
+- mruby now supports `private` and `protected` visibility ([b0db0bd](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/b0db0bd))
+- Maximum length of inlined symbols reduced from 5 to 4 characters to provide space for visibility flags ([6442a01](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/6442a01))
+- Many methods are made private according to CRuby visibility ([4a0e806](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/4a0e806))
+- Generate OP_SSEND for `self.method` type calls ([111fe4b](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/111fe4b))
+- `initialize` method will be always private ([eb8b412](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/eb8b412))
+- Add new hooks `method_removed`, `method_undefined` ([9c74f6e](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/9c74f6e))
+- Add new hooks `singleton_method_removed`, `singleton_method_undefined` ([0863c08](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/0863c08))
+- Updated `OP_DEF` output from codedump ([3a3e877](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/3a3e877))
+- Better handling of binary strings, e.g. String#b ([b0127f0](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/b0127f0))
+- Hash `to_s` format has changed ([baeeb5e](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/baeeb5e))
+- Some encoding related method such as `#force_encoding` ([e47b4ca](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/e47b4ca)), `#b` ([b0127f0](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/b0127f0))
+- Constant folding for `String#+` ([6687bdd](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/6687bdd))
+- Remove Float bit-operation ([db8368f](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/db8368f))
+- use SWAR technique for strlen performance ([cbb31e6](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/cbb31e6))
+- use merge sort for `Array#sort` ([5bd63d6](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/5bd63d6))
+
+# Changes in C API
+
+- pool.c renamed to mempool.c (and mrb_pool to mrb_mempool) ([49525fa](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/49525fa))
+- mrb_pool_value renamed to mrb_irep_pool to reduce confusion ([62ef5db](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/62ef5db))
+- rename BOXNIX_SET_VALUE to BOXNO_SET_VALUE ([#6397](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6397))
+- `MRB_FROZEN_P()` is replaced by `mrb_frozen_p()` ([c11d18e](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/c11d18e))
+- rename `color` to `gc_color` ([0e79f6b](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/0e79f6b), [1e36d76](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/1e36d76))
+- add `obj->frozen` instead of flags `MRB_SET_FROZEN_FLAG`/`MRB_UNSET_FROZEN_FLAG` ([8276143](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/8276143))
+
+# Build & Configuration
+
+- New Build Target: `test:run:serial`, `test:run:serial:lib`, `test:run:serial:bin` ([#6423](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6423))
+- New Platform: PlayStation Portable ([#6022](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6465))
+- New Platform: emscripten ([#6487](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6487))
+- New Config: no-float (with MRB_NO_FLOAT) ([32200f1](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/32200f1))
+
+# Changes in mrbgems
+
+- **mruby-print**: removed; if you do not use `mruby-io`, mruby use `#print` etc. in the core ([8c8bbd9](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/8c8bbd9))
+- **mruby-enum-lazy**: Add Enumerable::Lazy#grep_v to mruby-enum-lazy ([#6171](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6171))
+- **mruby-io**: Add `level` argument to `File.dirname` ([#6463](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6463))
+- **mruby-io**: File.absolute_path? ([#6482](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6482))
+- **mruby-io**: File.absolute_path ([96113a2](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/96113a2))
+- **mruby-toplevel-ext**: top-level public/private/protected moved to the core ([2a876d2](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/2a876d2))
+- **mruby-metaprog**: method list methods now works according to the visibility ([9229da1](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/9229da1))
+- **mruby-metaprog**: `public_instance_methods`, `private_instance_methods`, `protected_instance_methods` ([9e3e7b2](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/9e3e7b2))
+- **mruby-encoding**: MRB_UTF8_STRING turned on automatically with this gem ([74bdae9](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/74bdae9))
+
+# Fixed GitHub Issues
+
+- [#6173](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6173) Fails to build with tcc(Tiny C Compiler)
+- [#6156](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6156) '/LIBPATH' issue
+- [#6183](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6183) ".e".to_f returns NAN
+- [#6182](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6182) mrb_read_float() converts "0.3" with a small error compared to strtod()
+- [#6210](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6210) Unary minus seems broken
+- [#6255](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6255) Wrong number of characters in broken UTF-8 string
+- [#4038](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/4038) Heap buffer overflow in OP_ENTER
+- [#6262](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6262) Unable to define == for objects when using Array#delete
+- [#6267](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6267) When MRB_UTF8_STRING is enabled, giving byte characters for String#index and String#split gives wrong results
+- [#6277](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6277) MSVC: can't use malloc() in string.c with WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+- [#6240](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6240) Differentiate between lib and lib64 in the build settings.
+- [#6304](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6304) Calling method_missing with only Kwargs passes arguments incorrectly
+- [#6317](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6317) mrb_gc_register() may cause GC and collect the object being protected
+- [#6307](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6307) Planned change patch for mrb_vm_exec()
+- [#6298](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6298) foo :bar {} is legal in mruby?
+- [#6326](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6326) Detect “Use-after-free” with address sanitizer
+- [#5358](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/5358) static warning from getpwnam
+- [#6339](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6339) mrb_ary_delete() may refer to an invalid address (use-after-free)
+- [#6346](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6346) Block kwargs are passed as last positional arg when using yield
+- [#6365](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6365) powl() not available when compiling for Dreamcast
+- [#6369](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6369) 100x Performance Regression from 3.1
+- [#6270](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6270) NODE_ZSUPER from deeply nested blocks will result in a truncated digits for block index in OP_ARGARY
+- [#6297](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6297) Assigning to a block variable changes the actual block (thus affecting block_given? and yield)
+- [#6389](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6389) instance_exec named block args don't work properly
+- [#6388](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6388) Recent commit broke my windows build
+- [#6411](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6411) Wrong function unwinding when using return in a block
+- [#6439](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6439) OP_JMPUW does not call the ensure block when it jumps to the beginning of the begin block
+- [#6441](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6441) break inside while loop will execute the ensure block outside of the while loop
+- [#6453](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6453) Bigint: incorrect behavior of ^ operator
+- [#6452](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6452) Bigint: weird mod behavior
+- [#6451](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6451) Bigint: incorrect division behavior
+- [#6456](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6456) bigint: bug with division of a small number by a bigint
+- [#6466](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6466) mruby-bin-mruby using Kernel#p and Kernel#print in bintest fails test
+- [#6467](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6467) Heap-Use-After-Free due to Recursive group_by Calls
+- [#6471](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6471) Discrepancy in codegen for binary operations between master branch and 3.3.0
+- [#6477](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6477) heap-buffer-overflow in mrb_vm_exec
+- [#6485](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6485) Hash#rehash does not check if the hash is frozen
+- [#6483](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6483) Hash#default_proc= accepts arbitrary objects that are not callable
+- [#6491](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6491) Destroy existing string literals when composing string literals
+
+# Merged Pull Requests (User Visible Ones)
+
+- [#6171](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6171) Add Enumerable::Lazy#grep_v to mruby-enum-lazy
+- [#6174](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6174) Fix MRUBY_PACKAGE_DIR in mruby-config.bat
+- [#6175](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6175) Corrected strange conditional in mrb_vm_run()
+- [#6176](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6176) Stop assuming alias proc in CI_PROC_SET()
+- [#6177](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6177) gha: add macOS 14 to the build
+- [#6184](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6184) Remove the L_STOP label
+- [#6185](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6185) Added mrb_callinfo::u.keep_context for clarity
+- [#6186](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6186) Omit NULL check of e->cxt in OP_RETURN_BLK
+- [#6191](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6191) Speed up symbol equality comparison
+- [#6192](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6192) Fix `OP_STOP` with exception
+- [#6193](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6193) Fix wrong assertion in `OP_SENDB`.
+- [#6194](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6194) Simplify the calculation of the number of closures in `MRB_TT_FIBER`
+- [#6197](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6197) Fix int_xor to call flo_xor.
+- [#6201](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6201) tasks/doc.rake: standardize the `rake doc` error messages
+- [#6202](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6202) Remove the `.yardoc` folder with `rake doc:clean:api`
+- [#6204](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6204) Clean up the `.editorconfig` file
+- [#6209](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6209) Minor `.gitignore` clean up
+- [#6211](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6211) Minor `.gitignore` clean up; order entries
+- [#6216](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6216) Shared empty `iv_tbl` of module
+- [#6217](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6217) Strict declaration for `mrb_istruct_size()`
+- [#6219](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6219) Avoid assigning a fixed value in the loop
+- [#6220](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6220) Reorganize `mrb_cache_entry` and `mrb_method_t` types
+- [#6221](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6221) Arranging `each_backtrace()`
+- [#6222](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6222) Need to synchronize `dbg->regs` after VM call in `mrdb`
+- [#6224](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6224) `mrb_env_unshare()` to break the link to fiber
+- [#6225](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6225) Revert "Adjust environment when `mrb_exec_irep` happened."
+- [#6227](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6227) fix: `Array#shuffle(!)` result distribution
+- [#6228](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6228) Revert "`env` referred from top-level callinfo should not be unshared; fix #4019"
+- [#6230](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6230) Fix status of fiber after switched by exception raised
+- [#6231](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6231) Add a way to let other gems handle closing of fds in mruby-io
+- [#6232](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6232) Fold the code for freeing `env`
+- [#6233](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6233) Free stack memory at end of fiber
+- [#6235](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6235) fix `Array#delete` always firing the block when deleting `nil`
+- [#6236](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6236) unify the code for filter methods (and speed up `#reject!`)
+- [#6237](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6237) Stricter env objects to attach to ci
+- [#6238](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6238) Minimize zero initialization of the stack
+- [#6243](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6243) Fixed base64 decoding in `mruby-pack`
+- [#6244](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6244) Revise scope of role of `mrb_vm_run()`
+- [#6246](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6246) Fix typo in `test/t/hash.rb`
+- [#6249](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6249) Fix spelling in `src/vm.c`
+- [#6250](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6250) Fix spelling
+- [#6251](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6251) Clean up root move `CODEOWNERS` to `.github` directory
+- [#6253](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6253) Allow recycling fibers by GC if not referenced directly
+- [#6256](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6256) Update documentation for `mrb_top_run()`
+- [#6257](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6257) fix some mrbconf.md typos
+- [#6260](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6260) Remove `exc_caught` from `mrb_vm_exec()`
+- [#6261](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6261) fix: `to_a` integer ranges with `begin > end` failing
+- [#6263](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6263) fix: `Array#delete` mistakenly calling block even if not passed
+- [#6264](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6264) Must pass keyword arguments for `Kernel#to_enum`
+- [#6265](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6265) Fixes `Dir.children` and `Dir.each_child`
+- [#6266](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6266) Passes the nonexistent key as a block argument in `Array#delete`
+- [#6273](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6273) Improvements to `mrb_protect_atexit()`
+- [#6275](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6275) Fixed `Binding#eval` that failed to assign to the same variable
+- [#6276](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6276) Always run `atexit` on the top-level call frame
+- [#6279](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6279) Include headers for malloc() explicitly; fix #6277
+- [#6280](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6280) Remove `MRB_ENV_CLOSED` flag
+- [#6281](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6281) Fixes local variables in `mruby-binding`.
+- [#6283](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6283) Simplify `uvenv()`
+- [#6288](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6288) Detach `env` of ci explicitly on atexit
+- [#6289](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6289) Simplify `OP_RETURN_BLK` and `OP_BREAK`
+- [#6290](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6290) Allow to change the output directory name of the `libmruby` file
+- [#6293](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6293) Changed the instruction table in `opcode.md`
+- [#6294](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6294) Optimise `mrb_iv_get`
+- [#6302](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6302) Minor cleanup in mrb_str_init
+- [#6303](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6303) mrb_str_aset_m() should return replace instead of str
+- [#6305](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6305) Protect keyword arguments in `prepare_missing()`
+- [#6308](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6308) Assume that `MRB_CATCH()` has `mrb->exc` set
+- [#6310](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6310) Doubling the call stack when extending it
+- [#6311](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6311) Added fast-path for positional arguments less than 15 in `OP_SEND`
+- [#6312](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6312) Omit error checking at `OP_RETURN`, `OP_RETURN_BLK` and `OP_BREAK`
+- [#6313](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6313) Fix wrong column number in opcode.md
+- [#6314](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6314) Optimize even?/odd? for big integers
+- [#6318](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6318) Shrink variables in `mrb_vm_exec()`
+- [#6320](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6320) Shrinking the code in `OP_BREAK` and `OP_RETURN_BLK`
+- [#6321](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6321) Avoid warnings in `lib/**/*.rb`
+- [#6322](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6322) Fix mrb_ro_data_p on Intel Mac
+- [#6324](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6324) Remove `localjump_error()`
+- [#6327](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6327) fix ncurses linking issues
+- [#6328](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6328) Fix use-after-free in `obj_free()` for env objects
+- [#6329](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6329) Fix use-after-free in `mrb_obj_alloc()`
+- [#6330](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6330) Add a precondition to call `mrb_env_unshare()`.
+- [#6331](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6331) Restore the GC arena with tests
+- [#6332](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6332) Must not depend on the “host” build to generate `mruby-compiler/core/y.tab.c`
+- [#6333](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6333) Reduce the number of branch instructions in the `heap_p()`
+- [#6335](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6335) Add `return_ci` in `CHECKPOINT_MAIN()` of `OP_RETURN`
+- [#6338](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6338) Need to place static proc objects into 8-byte alignments
+- [#6340](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6340) Fix use-after-free for `Array#<=>`
+- [#6341](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6341) Need to restore the GC arena after some function calls
+- [#6344](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6344) prefer using `mrb_yield` to call block arguments
+- [#6347](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6347) codegen.c,parse.y: remove flattening of `yield` arguments; fix #6346
+- [#6348](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6348) Cancel the warning disablement
+- [#6349](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6349) Perform GC before deleting directories
+- [#6350](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6350) Fixed character encoding conversion function mismatch
+- [#6351](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6351) Remove unnecessary `mrb_gc_arena_restore()`
+- [#6353](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6353) Fix use-after-free in `mrb_ary_delete()`
+- [#6356](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6356) Making splat argument objects invisible from Ruby side
+- [#6373](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6373) Add build config for Milk-V Duo (RISC-V Linux) board
+- [#6382](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6382) Make array objects invisible in `mrb_gc_register()`
+- [#6385](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6385) Small improvements for `mrb_gc_register()`
+- [#6386](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6386) Avoid calling `mrb_gv_set()` from `mrb_gc_unregister()`
+- [#6387](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6387) Small improvements for `mrb_gc_unregister()`
+- [#6390](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6390) Fix use-after-free by `mrb_gc_unregistor()`
+- [#6391](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6391) Fixed argument forwarding in `instance_exec`
+- [#6392](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6392) Fix argument forwarding in `mrb_exec_irep()`
+- [#6393](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6393) Follow-up to #6391
+- [#6395](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6395) Storing method-id inside Symbol#to_proc
+- [#6396](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6396) Milk-V Build Config: update GPIO gem URL
+- [#6397](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6397) boxing_no.h: rename BOXNIX_SET_VALUE -> BOXNO_SET_VALUE
+- [#6399](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6399) Add macOS 15 to the build
+- [#6405](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6405) `io_read`: use `%i` instead of `%d` in call to `mrb_raisef`
+- [#6407](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6407) Allow to exclude specific files in `rake install`
+- [#6408](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6408) Improve compliance with C++ standards
+- [#6410](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6410) Put `#include <stdlib.h>` in `parse.y`
+- [#6412](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6412) Distinguish the call frame of the generator with `OP_RETURN_BLK`
+- [#6413](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6413) Add links to documentation in `README.md`
+- [#6415](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6415) Fix numbered parameters when used as a singleton
+- [#6416](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6416) Optimize the "new" method's iseq
+- [#6419](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6419) Follow Ruby's behavior for numbered parameters in -> {}
+- [#6420](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6420) Update `labeler.yml`: add label for the `tools` directory
+- [#6422](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6422) Add annotations for function names defined in the preprocessor
+- [#6423](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6423) Adding a serialized test task
+- [#6427](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6427) Need to update `ci` variable after re-entry to VM
+- [#6428](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6428) Change the limits of OP_ADDI and OP_SUBI from 0-127 to 0-255.
+- [#6429](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6429) Fix numbered parameters when used as hash keys
+- [#6432](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6432) Moving code in macro arguments out of macros
+- [#6434](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6434) Added document "Layout of the mruby filesystem"
+- [#6436](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6436) Make `rake doc:update-index` prettier friendly
+- [#6437](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6437) Add more details to the pre-commit config
+- [#6438](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6438) Remove unused `MRuby::Build#list_install_excludes` method
+- [#6440](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6440) Fix `redo` keyword
+- [#6442](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6442) Fixed wrong range condition in `OP_JMPUW`
+- [#6443](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6443) Fix NODE_NEGATE for bigints
+- [#6444](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6444) Add test cases for bigints
+- [#6446](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6446) Omit the `_WIN64` definition check
+- [#6447](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6447) Fixed `File.expand_path`
+- [#6448](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6448) Suppress presym in `mruby/ext/io.h` file
+- [#6449](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6449) Using presym in the `mruby-io/src/file_test.c` file
+- [#6450](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6450) Change `MRB_WITH_IO_PREAD_PWRITE` configuration name
+- [#6454](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6454) mruby-bigint: handle rhs bigint in int_mod and int_divmod functions
+- [#6455](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6455) mruby-bigint: fix rounding behavior in mpz_mdiv and mpz_mdivmod functions
+- [#6457](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6457) bigint: fix bug with division of a small number by a bigint
+- [#6459](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6459) `FileTest` is a module
+- [#6461](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6461) To create a release package file in draft
+- [#6462](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6462) Properly cast the return value of `memchr()`
+- [#6463](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6463) Add `level` argument to `File.dirname`
+- [#6465](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6465) Add initial PlayStation portable crossbuild support
+- [#6468](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6468) Fixed missing changes to `IB_FIND_BY_KEY()` parameter names
+- [#6469](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6469) Add more `const` qualifier for `RProc`
+- [#6472](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6472) Moved tests for `Integer#quo`
+- [#6473](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6473) Hide `mpz_and()` symbol
+- [#6473](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6473) Hide mpz_and() symbol
+- [#6474](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6474) Avoid array object creation with “unknown keyword” error
+- [#6475](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6475) Don't include deleted mruby-print
+- [#6478](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6478) Fixed buffer overrun in function `chars2bytes()`
+- [#6479](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6479) Reimplementation of `File.expand_path` method
+- [#6482](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6482) Add `File.absolute_path?` method
+- [#6487](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6487) Add Emscripten toolchain & build_config

README.md

@@ -1,40 +1,51 @@
-# mruby
-
-[![GitHub Super-Linter](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/workflows/Lint%20Code%20Base/badge.svg)](https://github.com/marketplace/actions/super-linter)
+<div align="center">
+  <p>
+    <a href="https://mruby.org/">
+      <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1796512?s=200&v=4"
+        alt="The mruby programming language" title="mruby">
+    </a>
+  </p>
+  <h1>mruby</h1>
+  <a href="https://github.com/marketplace/actions/super-linter">
+    <img src="https://github.com/mruby/mruby/actions/workflows/super-linter.yml/badge.svg"
+      alt="GitHub Super-Linter">
+  </a>
+</div>
 
 ## What is mruby
 
 mruby is the lightweight implementation of the Ruby language complying to (part
-of) the [ISO standard][ISO-standard]. Its syntax is Ruby 2.x compatible.
+of) the [ISO standard][ISO-standard] with more recent features provided by Ruby 3.x.
+Also, its syntax is Ruby 3.x compatible except for pattern matching.
 
-mruby can be linked and embedded within your application. We provide the
-interpreter program "mruby", and the interactive mruby shell "mirb" as examples.
-You can also compile Ruby programs into compiled byte code using the mruby
-compiler "mrbc". All those tools reside in the "bin" directory. "mrbc" is
-also able to generate compiled byte code in a C source file, see the "mrbtest"
-program under the "test" directory for an example.
+You can link and embed mruby within your application. The "mruby" interpreter
+program and the interactive "mirb" shell are provided as examples. You can also
+compile Ruby programs into compiled byte code using the "mrbc" compiler. All
+these tools are located in the "bin" directory. "mrbc" can also generate
+compiled byte code in a C source file. See the "mrbtest" program under the
+"test" directory for an example.
 
 This achievement was sponsored by the Regional Innovation Creation R&D Programs
 of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan.
 
 ## How to get mruby
 
-The release candidate version 3.2.0 of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL: [https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/3.2.0-rc.zip](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/archive/3.2.0-rc.zip)
+To get mruby, you can download the stable version 3.4.0 from the official mruby
+GitHub repository or clone the trunk of the mruby source tree with the "git
+clone" command. You can also install and compile mruby using [ruby-install](https://github.com/postmodern/ruby-install), [ruby-build](https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build) or [rvm](https://github.com/rvm/rvm).
 
 The latest development version of mruby can be downloaded via the following URL: [https://github.com/mruby/mruby/zipball/master](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/zipball/master)
 
 The trunk of the mruby source tree can be checked out with the
 following command:
 
-```
+```console
 $ git clone https://github.com/mruby/mruby.git
 ```
 
-You can also install and compile mruby using [ruby-install](https://github.com/postmodern/ruby-install), [ruby-build](https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build) or [rvm](https://github.com/rvm/rvm).
+## mruby homepage
 
-## mruby home-page
-
-The URL of the mruby home-page is: <https://mruby.org>.
+The URL of the mruby homepage is: <https://mruby.org>.
 
 ## Mailing list
 
@@ -44,7 +55,7 @@ We don't have a mailing list, but you can use [GitHub issues](https://github.com
 
 For the simplest case, type
 
-```
+```console
 rake all test
 ```
 
@@ -52,27 +63,51 @@ See the [compile.md](doc/guides/compile.md) file for the detail.
 
 ## Building documentation
 
-There are two sets of documentation in mruby: the mruby API (generated by yard) and C API (Doxygen and Graphviz)
+There are two sets of documentation in mruby: the mruby API (generated by YARD) and C API (Doxygen and Graphviz)
 
 To build both of them, simply go
 
-```
+```console
 rake doc
 ```
 
 You can also view them in your browser
 
-```
+```console
 rake view_api
 rake view_capi
 ```
 
 ## How to customize mruby (mrbgems)
 
-mruby contains a package manager called *mrbgems*. To create extensions
-in C and/or Ruby you should create a *GEM*. For a documentation of how to
-use mrbgems consult the file [mrbgems.md](doc/guides/mrbgems.md).
-For example code of how to use mrbgems look into the folder [examples/mrbgems/](examples/mrbgems).
+mruby contains a package manager called "mrbgems" that you can use to create
+extensions in C and/or Ruby. For a guide on how to use mrbgems, consult the
+[mrbgems.md](doc/guides/mrbgems.md) file, and for example code, refer to the
+[examples/mrbgems/](examples/mrbgems) folder.
+
+## Index of Document
+
+<!--
+    This section is generated by `rake doc:update-index`.
+    All manual changes will get lost.
+-->
+
+<!-- BEGIN OF MRUBY DOCUMENT INDEX -->
+
+- [About the Limitations of mruby](doc/limitations.md)
+- [About the Compile](doc/guides/compile.md)
+- [About the Debugger with the `mrdb` Command](doc/guides/debugger.md)
+- [About GC Arena](doc/guides/gc-arena-howto.md)
+- [About the mruby directory structure](doc/guides/hier.md)
+- [About Linking with `libmruby`](doc/guides/link.md)
+- [About Memory Allocator Customization](doc/guides/memory.md)
+- [About Build-time Configurations](doc/guides/mrbconf.md)
+- [About the Build-time Library Manager](doc/guides/mrbgems.md)
+- [About the Symbols](doc/guides/symbol.md)
+- [Internal Implementation / About Value Boxing](doc/internal/boxing.md)
+- [Internal Implementation / About mruby Virtual Machine Instructions](doc/internal/opcode.md)
+
+<!-- END OF MRUBY DOCUMENT INDEX -->
 
 ## License
 
@@ -97,9 +132,8 @@ Please ask us if you want to distribute your code under another license.
 
 ## How to Contribute
 
-See the [contribution guidelines][contribution-guidelines], and then send a pull
-request to <https://github.com/mruby/mruby>. We consider you have granted
-non-exclusive right to your contributed code under MIT license.
+To contribute to mruby, please refer to the [contribution guidelines][contribution-guidelines] and send a pull request to the [mruby GitHub repository](https://github.com/mruby/mruby).
+By contributing, you grant non-exclusive rights to your code under the MIT License.
 
 [ISO-standard]: https://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59579
-[contribution-guidelines]: https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md
+[contribution-guidelines]: CONTRIBUTING.md

Rakefile

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/presym.rake"
 load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/test.rake"
 load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/benchmark.rake"
 load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/doc.rake"
+load "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/tasks/install.rake"
 
 ##############################
 # generic build targets, rules
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ task :clean do
     rm_rf build.build_dir
     rm_f build.products
   end
-  puts "Cleaned up target build folder"
+  puts "Cleaned up target build directory"
 end
 
 desc "clean everything!"
@@ -64,35 +65,9 @@ task :deep_clean => %w[clean doc:clean] do
   MRuby.each_target do |build|
     rm_rf build.gem_clone_dir
   end
-  puts "Cleaned up mrbgems build folder"
-end
-
-PREFIX = ENV['PREFIX'] || ENV['INSTALL_PREFIX'] || '/usr/local'
-
-desc "install compiled products"
-task :install => :install_bin do
-  if host = MRuby.targets['host']
-    install_D host.libmruby_static, File.join(PREFIX, "lib", File.basename(host.libmruby_static))
-    # install mruby.h and mrbconf.h
-    Dir.glob(File.join(MRUBY_ROOT, "include", "*.h")) do |src|
-      install_D src, File.join(PREFIX, "include", File.basename(src))
-    end
-    Dir.glob(File.join(MRUBY_ROOT, "include", "mruby", "*.h")) do |src|
-      install_D src, File.join(PREFIX, "include", "mruby", File.basename(src))
-    end
-    Dir.glob(File.join(File.join(MRUBY_ROOT, "build", "host", "include", "mruby", "presym", "*.h"))) do |src|
-      install_D src, File.join(PREFIX, "include", "mruby", "presym", File.basename(src))
-    end
-  end
-end
-
-desc "install compiled executable (on host)"
-task :install_bin => :all do
-  if host = MRuby.targets['host']
-    Dir.glob(File.join(MRUBY_ROOT, "bin", "*")) do |src|
-      install_D src, File.join(PREFIX, "bin", File.basename(src))
-    end
-  end
+  rm_rf "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/bin"
+  rm_rf "#{MRUBY_ROOT}/build"
+  puts "Cleaned up mrbgems build directory"
 end
 
 desc "run all pre-commit hooks against all files"
@@ -100,7 +75,22 @@ task :check do
   sh "pre-commit run --all-files"
 end
 
+desc "install the pre-commit hooks"
+task :checkinstall do
+  sh "pre-commit install"
+end
+
 desc "check the pre-commit hooks for updates"
 task :checkupdate do
   sh "pre-commit autoupdate"
 end
+
+desc "run all pre-commit hooks against all files with docker-compose"
+task :composecheck do
+  sh "docker-compose -p mruby run test pre-commit run --all-files"
+end
+
+desc "build and run all mruby tests with docker-compose"
+task :composetest do
+  sh "docker-compose -p mruby run test"
+end

SECURITY.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ We consider the following issues as vulnerabilities:
 - Remote code execution
 - Crash caused by a valid Ruby script
 
-We *don't* consider the following issues as vulnerabilities:
+We _don't_ consider the following issues as vulnerabilities:
 
 - Runtime C undefined behavior (including integer overflow)
 - Crash caused by misused API

appveyor.yml

@@ -4,42 +4,44 @@ shallow_clone: true
 
 environment:
   matrix:
-    - job_name: Visual Studio 2019 64bit
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2022 64-bit
+      visualcpp: C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat
+      appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2022
+
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2019 64-bit
       visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat
       appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2019
 
-    - job_name: Visual Studio 2019 32bit
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2019 32-bit
       visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars32.bat
       appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2019
 
-    - job_name: Visual Studio 2017 64bit
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2017 64-bit
       visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat
       appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2017
 
-    - job_name: Visual Studio 2017 32bit
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2017 32-bit
       visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Community\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars32.bat
       appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2017
 
-    - job_name: Visual Studio 2015 64bit
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2015 64-bit
       visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat
       appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2015
       machine: x86_amd64
 
-    - job_name: Visual Studio 2015 32bit
+    - job_name: Visual Studio 2015 32-bit
       visualcpp: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\vcvarsall.bat
       appveyor_build_worker_image: Visual Studio 2015
       machine: x86
 
 init:
   - call "%visualcpp%" %machine%
-  # For using RubyInstaller's Ruby 2.6 64bit
+  # For using RubyInstaller's Ruby 2.6 64-bit
   # 2.6 is the highest supported Ruby version across all historical
   # Visual Studio AppVeyor images. Ruby 2.7 is only on the 2019 image.
   - set PATH=C:\Ruby26-x64\bin;%PATH%
   - ruby --version
 
-
 build_script:
   - set MRUBY_CONFIG=ci/msvc
-  - rake -m test:build
-  - rake test:run
+  - rake -m test:run:serial

benchmark/bm_ao_render.rb

@@ -253,6 +253,7 @@ class Scene
 
   def render(w, h, nsubsamples)
     nsf = nsubsamples.to_f
+    nsfs = nsf * nsf
     h.times do |y|
       w.times do |x|
         rad = Vec.new(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
@@ -288,9 +289,9 @@ class Scene
           end
         end
 
-        r = rad.x / (nsf * nsf)
-        g = rad.y / (nsf * nsf)
-        b = rad.z / (nsf * nsf)
+        r = rad.x / nsfs
+        g = rad.y / nsfs
+        b = rad.z / nsfs
         printf("%c", clamp(r))
         printf("%c", clamp(g))
         printf("%c", clamp(b))

benchmark/bm_so_mandelbrot.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#  The Computer Language Benchmarks Game
+#  http://shootout.alioth.debian.org/
+#
+#  contributed by Karl von Laudermann
+#  modified by Jeremy Echols
+
+size = 600 # ARGV[0].to_i
+
+puts "P4\n#{size} #{size}"
+
+ITER = 49                           # Iterations - 1 for easy for..in looping
+LIMIT_SQUARED = 4.0                 # Presquared limit
+
+byte_acc = 0
+bit_num = 0
+
+count_size = size - 1               # Precomputed size for easy for..in looping
+
+# For..in loops are faster than .upto, .downto, .times, etc.
+for y in 0..count_size
+  for x in 0..count_size
+    zr = 0.0
+    zi = 0.0
+    cr = (2.0*x/size)-1.5
+    ci = (2.0*y/size)-1.0
+    escape = false
+
+    # To make use of the for..in code, we use a dummy variable,
+    # like one would in C
+    for dummy in 0..ITER
+      tr = zr*zr - zi*zi + cr
+      ti = 2*zr*zi + ci
+      zr, zi = tr, ti
+
+      if (zr*zr+zi*zi) > LIMIT_SQUARED
+        escape = true
+        break
+      end
+    end
+
+    byte_acc = (byte_acc << 1) | (escape ? 0b0 : 0b1)
+    bit_num += 1
+
+    # Code is very similar for these cases, but using separate blocks
+    # ensures we skip the shifting when it's unnecessary, which is most cases.
+    if (bit_num == 8)
+      print byte_acc.chr
+      byte_acc = 0
+      bit_num = 0
+    elsif (x == count_size)
+      byte_acc <<= (8 - bit_num)
+      print byte_acc.chr
+      byte_acc = 0
+      bit_num = 0
+    end
+  end
+end

build_config/ArduinoDue.rb

@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("ArduinoDue") do |conf|
   conf.disable_cxx_exception
 
   #gems from core
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-print"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-math"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-enum-ext"
 

build_config/IntelGalileo.rb

@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("Galileo") do |conf|
 
   #official mrbgems
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-sprintf"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-print"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-math"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-time"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-struct"

build_config/RX630.rb

@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("RX630") do |conf|
 
   #gems from core
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-sprintf"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-print"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-math"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-enum-ext"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-numeric-ext"

build_config/android_arm64_v8a.rb

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-arm64-v8a') do |conf|
   params = {
     :arch => 'arm64-v8a',
-    :sdk_version => 26,
-    :toolchain => :clang,
+    :sdk_version => 33,
+    :toolchain => :clang
   }
   toolchain :android, params
 

build_config/android_armeabi.rb

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-# Requires Android NDK r13 or later.
-MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-armeabi') do |conf|
-  params = {
-    :arch => 'armeabi',
-    :sdk_version => 26,
-    :toolchain => :clang,
-  }
-  toolchain :android, params
-
-  conf.gembox 'default'
-end

build_config/android_armeabi_v7a_neon_hard.rb

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new('android-armeabi-v7a-neon-hard') do |conf|
     :arch => 'armeabi-v7a',
     :mfpu => 'neon',
     :mfloat_abi => 'hard',
-    :sdk_version => 26,
-    :toolchain => :clang,
+    :sdk_version => 33,
+    :toolchain => :clang
   }
   toolchain :android, params
 

build_config/chipKITMax32.rb

@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("chipKITMax32") do |conf|
   conf.disable_cxx_exception
 
   #gems from core
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-print"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-math"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-enum-ext"
 

build_config/ci/gcc-clang.rb

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ MRuby::Build.new('full-debug') do |conf|
 
   # include all core GEMs
   conf.gembox 'full-core'
-  conf.cc.defines += %w(MRB_GC_STRESS MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK MRB_UTF8_STRING)
+  conf.cc.defines += %w(MRB_GC_STRESS MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK)
 
   conf.enable_test
 end
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
   conf.gembox 'full-core'
   conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-debugger'
   conf.compilers.each do |c|
-    c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA MRB_UTF8_STRING)
+    c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA)
   end
   conf.enable_bintest
   conf.enable_test
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ MRuby::Build.new('cxx_abi') do |conf|
   conf.gembox 'full-core'
   conf.cc.flags += %w(-fpermissive -std=gnu++03)
   conf.compilers.each do |c|
-    c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA MRB_UTF8_STRING)
+    c.defines += %w(MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA)
   end
   conf.enable_test
 

build_config/default.rb

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
   # gperf settings
   # conf.gperf do |gperf|
   #   gperf.command = 'gperf'
-  #   gperf.compile_options = %q[-L ANSI-C -C -p -j1 -i 1 -g -o -t -N mrb_reserved_word -k"1,3,$" "%{infile}" > "%{outfile}"]
+  #   gperf.compile_options = %q[-L ANSI-C -C -j1 -i 1 -o -t -N mrb_reserved_word -k"1,3,$" "%{infile}" > "%{outfile}"]
   # end
 
   # file extensions
@@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
   # file separator
   # conf.file_separator = '/'
 
+  # change library directory name from the default "lib" if necessary
+  # conf.libdir_name = 'lib64'
+
   # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
   # conf.enable_debug
   conf.enable_bintest

build_config/dreamcast_shelf.rb

@@ -4,31 +4,31 @@
 # Requires KallistiOS (KOS)
 # http://gamedev.allusion.net/softprj/kos/
 #
-# Tested on GNU/Linux, macOS and Windows (through MinGW-w64/MSYS2, Cygwin and DreamSDK).
+# This configuration has been improved to be used as KallistiOS Port (kos-ports)
+# Updated: 2023-12-24
+#
+# Tested on GNU/Linux, macOS and Windows (MinGW-w64/MSYS2, Cygwin, DreamSDK)
 # DreamSDK is based on MinGW/MSYS: https://dreamsdk.org/
 #
-# Input this command on the directory where mruby is installed:
-#   make MRUBY_CONFIG=dreamcast_shelf
+# Install mruby for Sega Dreamcast using the "mruby" kos-port.
 #
 MRuby::CrossBuild.new("dreamcast") do |conf|
   toolchain :gcc
 
-  # Support for DreamSDK (based on MinGW/MSYS)
-  # To compile mruby with DreamSDK, RubyInstaller for Windows should be installed
-  DREAMSDK_HOME = ENV["DREAMSDK_HOME"]
-  MSYS_ROOT = !(DREAMSDK_HOME.nil? || DREAMSDK_HOME.empty?) ? "#{DREAMSDK_HOME}/msys/1.0" : ""
+  # Getting critical environment variables
+  KOS_BASE = ENV["KOS_BASE"]
+  KOS_CC_BASE = ENV["KOS_CC_BASE"]
 
-  # Setting paths
-  DREAMCAST_PATH = "#{MSYS_ROOT}/opt/toolchains/dc"
-  KOS_PATH = "#{DREAMCAST_PATH}/kos"
-  BIN_PATH = "#{DREAMCAST_PATH}/sh-elf/bin"
+  if (KOS_BASE.nil? || KOS_BASE.empty? || KOS_CC_BASE.nil? || KOS_CC_BASE.empty?)
+    raise "Error: KallistiOS is required; KOS_BASE/KOS_CC_BASE needs to be declared; Stop."
+  end
 
   # C compiler
-  # Flags were extracted from KallistiOS environment files
+  # All flags and settings below were extracted from KallistiOS environment files
   conf.cc do |cc|
-    cc.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/sh-elf-gcc"
-    cc.include_paths << ["#{KOS_PATH}/include", "#{KOS_PATH}/kernel/arch/dreamcast/include", "#{KOS_PATH}/addons/include", "#{KOS_PATH}/../kos-ports/include"]
-    cc.flags << ["-O2", "-fomit-frame-pointer", "-ml", "-m4-single-only", "-ffunction-sections", "-fdata-sections", "-Wall", "-g", "-fno-builtin", "-ml", "-m4-single-only", "-Wl,-Ttext=0x8c010000", "-Wl,--gc-sections", "-T#{KOS_PATH}/utils/ldscripts/shlelf.xc", "-nodefaultlibs"]
+    cc.command = "#{KOS_CC_BASE}/bin/sh-elf-gcc"
+    cc.include_paths << ["#{KOS_BASE}/include", "#{KOS_BASE}/kernel/arch/dreamcast/include", "#{KOS_BASE}/addons/include", "#{KOS_BASE}/../kos-ports/include"]
+    cc.flags << ["-O2", "-fomit-frame-pointer", "-fno-builtin", "-ml", "-m4-single-only", "-ffunction-sections", "-fdata-sections", "-matomic-model=soft-imask", "-ftls-model=local-exec", "-Wall", "-g"]
     cc.compile_options = %Q[%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}"]
     cc.defines << %w(_arch_dreamcast)
     cc.defines << %w(_arch_sub_pristine)
@@ -39,79 +39,44 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("dreamcast") do |conf|
     cxx.command = conf.cc.command.dup
     cxx.include_paths = conf.cc.include_paths.dup
     cxx.flags = conf.cc.flags.dup
-    cxx.flags << %w(-fno-rtti -fno-exceptions)
+    cxx.flags << %w(-fno-operator-names)
     cxx.defines = conf.cc.defines.dup
     cxx.compile_options = conf.cc.compile_options.dup
   end
 
   # Linker
-  # There is an issue when making the mruby library with KallistiOS:
-  # 'newlib_kill.o' and 'newlib_getpid.o' aren't found so they are explicitly
-  # specified here at least for now.
   conf.linker do |linker|
-    linker.command="#{BIN_PATH}/sh-elf-gcc"
-    linker.flags << ["#{MSYS_ROOT}/opt/toolchains/dc/kos/kernel/build/newlib_kill.o", "#{MSYS_ROOT}/opt/toolchains/dc/kos/kernel/build/newlib_getpid.o", "-Wl,--start-group -lkallisti -lc -lgcc -Wl,--end-group"]
-    linker.library_paths << ["#{KOS_PATH}/lib/dreamcast", "#{KOS_PATH}/addons/lib/dreamcast", "#{KOS_PATH}/../kos-ports/lib"]
+    linker.command = "#{KOS_CC_BASE}/bin/sh-elf-gcc"
+    linker.flags << ["-Wl,-Ttext=0x8c010000", "-Wl,--gc-sections", "-T#{KOS_BASE}/utils/ldscripts/shlelf.xc", "-nodefaultlibs", "-Wl,--start-group -lkallisti -lc -lgcc -Wl,--end-group"]
+    linker.library_paths << ["#{KOS_BASE}/lib/dreamcast", "#{KOS_BASE}/addons/lib/dreamcast", "#{KOS_BASE}/../kos-ports/lib"]
   end
 
   # Archiver
   conf.archiver do |archiver|
-    archiver.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/sh-elf-ar"
+    archiver.command = "#{KOS_CC_BASE}/bin/sh-elf-ar"
     archiver.archive_options = 'rcs "%{outfile}" %{objs}'
   end
 
-  # No executables
+  # No executables needed for KallistiOS
   conf.bins = []
 
-  # Do not build executable test
+  # Do not build test binaries
   conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
 
-  # Disable C++ exception
-  conf.disable_cxx_exception
+  # Gemboxes
+  conf.gembox "default-no-stdio"
+  conf.gembox "stdlib-ext"
+  conf.gembox "metaprog"
 
-  # Gems from core
-  # Some Gems are incompatible and were disabled.
-
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-array-ext"
+  # Additional Gems
+  # Currently unsupported on KallistiOS: "mruby-io", "mruby-dir", "mruby-socket"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-binding"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-catch"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-class-ext"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-cmath"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-compar-ext"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-compiler"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-complex"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-enum-chain"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enum-ext"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enum-lazy"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enumerator"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-errno"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-error"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-eval"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-exit"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-fiber"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-hash-ext"
-#  conf.gem :core => "mruby-io"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-kernel-ext"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-math"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-metaprog"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-method"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-numeric-ext"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-object-ext"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-objectspace"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-os-memsize"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-pack"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-print"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-proc-binding"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-proc-ext"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-random"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-range-ext"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-rational"
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-sleep"
-#  conf.gem :core => "mruby-socket"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-sprintf"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-string-ext"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-struct"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-symbol-ext"
-#  conf.gem :core => "mruby-test"
-#  conf.gem :core => "mruby-time"
-  conf.gem :core => "mruby-toplevel-ext"
 end

build_config/emscripten-cxx.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Make sure to add these compile options:
+#   build/emscripten-cxx/host-bin/mruby-config --cxxflags
+#
+# Make sure to add these link options:
+#   build/emscripten-cxx/host-bin/mruby-config --ldflags --libs
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('emscripten-cxx') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :emscripten
+
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+
+  conf.enable_cxx_abi
+end

build_config/emscripten.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Make sure to add these compile options:
+#   build/emscripten/host-bin/mruby-config --cflags
+#
+# Make sure to add these link options:
+#   build/emscripten/host-bin/mruby-config --ldflags --libs
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('emscripten') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain :emscripten
+
+  conf.gembox 'default'
+end

build_config/gameboyadvance.rb

@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ MRuby::CrossBuild.new("gameboyadvance") do |conf|
   conf.gem core: "mruby-metaprog"
   conf.gem core: "mruby-pack"
   conf.gem core: "mruby-sprintf"
-  conf.gem core: "mruby-print"
   conf.gem core: "mruby-math"
   conf.gem core: "mruby-time"
   conf.gem core: "mruby-struct"

build_config/host-debug.rb

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ MRuby::Build.new('host') do |conf|
   conf.gembox 'full-core'
 
   # C compiler settings
-  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK MRB_NO_BOXING MRB_UTF8_STRING)
+  conf.cc.defines = %w(MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK MRB_NO_BOXING)
 
   # Generate mruby debugger command (require mruby-eval)
   conf.gem :core => "mruby-bin-debugger"

build_config/host-shared.rb

@@ -1,23 +1,20 @@
+# NOTE: Currently, this configuration file does not support VisualC++!
+#       Your help is needed!
+
 MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
   # load specific toolchain settings
-
-  # Gets set by the VS command prompts.
-  if ENV['VisualStudioVersion'] || ENV['VSINSTALLDIR']
-    toolchain :visualcpp
-  else
-    toolchain :gcc
-  end
+  conf.toolchain
 
   # include the GEM box
   conf.gembox 'default'
 
   # C compiler settings
-  conf.cc do |cc|
-    cc.flags = '-fPIC'
+  conf.compilers.each do |cc|
+    cc.flags << '-fPIC'
   end
 
   conf.archiver do |archiver|
-    archiver.command = 'gcc'
+    archiver.command = cc.command
     archiver.archive_options = '-shared -o %{outfile} %{objs}'
   end
 
@@ -29,6 +26,9 @@ MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
   # file separator
   # conf.file_separator = '/'
 
+  # enable this if better compatibility with C++ is desired
+  #conf.enable_cxx_exception
+
   # Turn on `enable_debug` for better debugging
   conf.enable_debug
   conf.enable_bintest

build_config/i586-pc-msdosdjgpp.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+# Cross Compiling configuration for MS-DOS
+#
+# Requires DJGPP cross-compiler, see
+# https://github.com/andrewwutw/build-djgpp/releases
+
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new("i586-pc-msdosdjgpp") do |conf|
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # If DJGPP is not in the PATH, set this to the bin directory
+  DJGPP_PATH = nil
+
+  GCC = 'i586-pc-msdosdjgpp-gcc'
+  GXX = 'i586-pc-msdosdjgpp-g++'
+  AR  = 'i586-pc-msdosdjgpp-ar'
+
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.command = DJGPP_PATH ? File.join(DJGPP_PATH, GCC) : GCC
+    cc.defines << 'MRB_NO_IO_PREAD_PWRITE'
+    cc.defines << 'MRB_UTF8_STRING'
+  end
+
+  conf.cxx do |cxx|
+    cxx.command = DJGPP_PATH ? File.join(DJGPP_PATH, GXX) : GXX
+    cxx.defines << 'MRB_NO_IO_PREAD_PWRITE'
+    cxx.defines << 'MRB_UTF8_STRING'
+  end
+
+  conf.linker do |linker|
+    linker.command = DJGPP_PATH ? File.join(DJGPP_PATH, GXX) : GXX
+    linker.libraries = %w(m)
+  end
+
+  conf.archiver do |archiver|
+    archiver.command = DJGPP_PATH ? File.join(DJGPP_PATH, AR) : AR
+  end
+
+  # All provided gems that can be reasonably made to compile:
+  # default.gembox, minus mruby-socket and replacing mruby-cmath with mruby-cmath-alt
+  conf.gembox "stdlib"
+  conf.gembox "stdlib-ext"
+
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-io'              # stdlib-io.gembox <- default.gembox
+# No socket support in DJGPP
+# conf.gem :core => 'mruby-socket'          # stdlib-io.gembox <- default.gembox
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-errno'           # stdlib-io.gembox <- default.gembox
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-dir'             # stdlib-io.gembox <- default.gembox
+
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bigint'          # math.gembox <- default.gembox
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-complex'         # math.gembox <- default.gembox
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-math'            # math.gembox <- default.gembox
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-rational'        # math.gembox <- default.gembox
+  # Alternative implementation of cmath, not requiring <complex.h>
+# conf.gem :github => 'chasonr/mruby-cmath-alt' # math.gembox <- default.gembox
+
+  conf.gembox "metaprog"
+
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-mrbc'        # default.gembox
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-debugger'    # default.gembox
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-mirb'        # default.gembox
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-mruby'       # default.gembox
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-strip'       # default.gembox
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-bin-config'      # default.gembox
+
+  # Other compilable gems
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-binding'
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-catch'
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-enum-chain'
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-error'
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-exit'
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-os-memsize'
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-proc-binding'
+  conf.gem :core => 'mruby-sleep'
+
+  # For Onigmo regular expression support
+  conf.gem :github => 'mattn/mruby-onig-regexp'
+end

build_config/luckfox_pico.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# Cross Compiling configuration for Luckfox Pico embedded SBC.
+#
+# To build on Ubuntu x86_64: rake MRUBY_CONFIG=build_config/luckfox_pico.rb
+# Uses Buildroot SDK for this board. Binaries run on the corresponding Linux image.
+# Requires: https://github.com/LuckfoxTECH/luckfox-pico
+#
+# NOTE: default config includes all standard mrbgems, EXCEPT: mruby-cmath
+#
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new("luckfox_pico") do |conf|
+  # Clone the luckfox-pico repo above next to (same directory level) as mruby.
+  SDK_BASE = File.realpath(File.expand_path("../../../", File.expand_path(__FILE__)) + "/luckfox-pico")
+  TOOLCHAIN_BASE = "#{SDK_BASE}/tools/linux/toolchain/arm-rockchip830-linux-uclibcgnueabihf"
+  SYSROOT = "#{TOOLCHAIN_BASE}/arm-rockchip830-linux-uclibcgnueabihf/sysroot"
+
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # C compiler settings
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.command = "#{TOOLCHAIN_BASE}/bin/arm-rockchip830-linux-uclibcgnueabihf-gcc"
+
+    cc.include_paths << "#{TOOLCHAIN_BASE}/lib/gcc/arm-rockchip830-linux-uclibcgnueabihf/8.3.0/include"
+    cc.include_paths << "#{TOOLCHAIN_BASE}/lib/gcc/arm-rockchip830-linux-uclibcgnueabihf/8.3.0/include-fixed"
+    cc.include_paths << "#{TOOLCHAIN_BASE}/arm-rockchip830-linux-uclibcgnueabihf/include/c++/8.3.0/arm-rockchip830-linux-uclibcgnueabihf"
+    cc.include_paths << "#{SYSROOT}/usr/include"
+
+    # Flags taken from the SDK's Makefile
+    cc.flags << ["-march=armv7-a", "-mfpu=neon", "-mfloat-abi=hard"]
+    cc.flags << ["-D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE", "-D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE", "-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64", "-ffunction-sections", "-fdata-sections"]
+    cc.flags << ["-O2", "-fPIC"]
+    cc.flags << ["-Wl,--copy-dt-needed-entries", "-Wl,-lc,-lgcc_s"]
+  end
+
+  # Linker settings
+  conf.linker do |linker|
+    linker.command = cc.command
+    linker.library_paths << "#{TOOLCHAIN_BASE}/arm-rockchip830-linux-uclibcgnueabihf/lib"
+    linker.flags = cc.flags
+  end
+
+  # Archiver settings
+  conf.archiver do |archiver|
+    archiver.command = "#{TOOLCHAIN_BASE}/bin/arm-rockchip830-linux-uclibcgnueabihf-ar"
+  end
+
+  # Do not build executable test
+  conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  # Disable C++ exception
+  conf.disable_cxx_exception
+
+  # All standard gems.
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-array-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bigint/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bin-config/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bin-debugger/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bin-mirb/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bin-mrbc/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bin-strip/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-binding/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-catch/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-class-ext/'
+  # SDK doesn't include complex math for uClibc
+  # conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-cmath/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-compar-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-compiler/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-complex/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-data/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-dir/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-enum-chain/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-enum-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-enum-lazy/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-enumerator/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-errno/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-error/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-eval/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-exit/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-fiber/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-hash-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-io/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-kernel-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-math/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-metaprog/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-method/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-numeric-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-object-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-objectspace/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-os-memsize/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-pack/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-proc-binding/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-proc-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-random/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-range-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-rational/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-set/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-sleep/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-socket/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-sprintf/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-string-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-struct/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-symbol-ext/'
+  # conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-test-inline-struct/'
+  # conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-test/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-time/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-toplevel-ext/'
+end

build_config/milkv_duo.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# Cross Compiling configuration for Milk-V Duo.
+# To build (on Ubuntu 24.04): rake MRUBY_CONFIG=build_config/milkv_duo.rb
+#
+# Requires: https://github.com/milkv-duo/duo-sdk
+#
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new("milkv_duo") do |conf|
+  # Set this string to match your board: milkv_duo, milkv_duo256m, milkv_duos
+  MILKV_DUO_VARIANT = "milkv_duo256m"
+
+  # Expect duo-sdk directory is same level as (next to) mruby top-level directory.
+  SDK_BASE = File.expand_path("../../../", File.expand_path(__FILE__)) + "/duo-sdk"
+  TOOLCHAIN_BASE = "#{SDK_BASE}/riscv64-linux-musl-x86_64"
+  SYSROOT = "#{SDK_BASE}/rootfs"
+
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  # C compiler settings
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.command = "#{TOOLCHAIN_BASE}/bin/riscv64-unknown-linux-musl-gcc"
+    cc.include_paths << "#{TOOLCHAIN_BASE}/lib/gcc/riscv64-unknown-linux/musl/10.2.0/include-fixed"
+    cc.include_paths << "#{TOOLCHAIN_BASE}/lib/gcc/riscv64-unknown-linux/musl/10.2.0/include"
+    cc.include_paths << "#{TOOLCHAIN_BASE}/riscv64-unknown-linux/include"
+    cc.include_paths << "#{TOOLCHAIN_BASE}/include"
+    cc.include_paths << "#{SYSROOT}/usr/include"
+    cc.flags << ["-mcpu=c906fdv", "-march=rv64imafdcv0p7xthead", "-mcmodel=medany", "-mabi=lp64d"]
+    cc.flags << ["-D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE", "-D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE", "-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64"]
+    cc.flags << ["-Wl,--copy-dt-needed-entries", "-Wl,-lc,-lgcc_s,-lwiringx"]
+    cc.defines << "MILKV_DUO_VARIANT=_#{MILKV_DUO_VARIANT}"
+  end
+
+  # Linker settings
+  conf.linker do |linker|
+    linker.command = cc.command
+    linker.library_paths << ["#{SYSROOT}/lib", "#{SYSROOT}/usr/lib"]
+    linker.flags = cc.flags
+  end
+
+  # Archiver settings
+  conf.archiver do |archiver|
+    archiver.command = "#{TOOLCHAIN_BASE}/bin/riscv64-unknown-linux-musl-gcc-ar"
+  end
+
+  # Do not build executable test
+  conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  # Disable C++ exception
+  conf.disable_cxx_exception
+
+  # All standard gems.
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-array-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bigint/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bin-config/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bin-debugger/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bin-mirb/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bin-mrbc/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bin-strip/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-binding/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-catch/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-class-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-cmath/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-compar-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-compiler/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-complex/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-data/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-dir/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-enum-chain/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-enum-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-enum-lazy/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-enumerator/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-errno/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-error/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-eval/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-exit/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-fiber/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-hash-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-io/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-kernel-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-math/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-metaprog/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-method/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-numeric-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-object-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-objectspace/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-os-memsize/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-pack/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-proc-binding/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-proc-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-random/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-range-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-rational/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-set/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-sleep/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-socket/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-sprintf/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-string-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-struct/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-symbol-ext/'
+  # conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-test-inline-struct/'
+  # conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-test/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-time/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-toplevel-ext/'
+
+  # GPIO, ADC, PWM, I2C and SPI support for Milk-V Duo
+  # conf.gem :github => 'denko-rb/mruby-milkv-duo'
+end

build_config/nintendo_wii.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+# Cross Compiling configuration for the Nintendo Wii
+# This configuration requires devkitPPC
+# https://devkitpro.org/wiki/Getting_Started
+#
+#
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new("wii") do |conf|
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  DEVKITPRO_PATH = "/opt/devkitpro"
+  BIN_PATH = "#{DEVKITPRO_PATH}/devkitPPC/bin"
+
+  # C compiler
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/powerpc-eabi-gcc"
+    cc.compile_options = %(%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}")
+  end
+
+  # C++ compiler
+  conf.cxx do |cxx|
+    cxx.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/powerpc-eabi-g++"
+    cxx.include_paths = conf.cc.include_paths.dup
+    cxx.flags = conf.cc.flags.dup
+    cxx.defines = conf.cc.defines.dup
+    cxx.compile_options = conf.cc.compile_options.dup
+  end
+
+  # Linker
+  conf.linker do |linker|
+    linker.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/powerpc-eabi-gcc"
+  end
+
+  # No executables
+  conf.bins = []
+
+  # Do not build executable test
+  conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  # Disable C++ exception
+  conf.disable_cxx_exception
+
+  # All current core gems with ones with build issues commented out
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-array-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bigint/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bin-config/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bin-debugger/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bin-mirb/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bin-mrbc/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bin-mruby/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-bin-strip/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-binding/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-catch/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-class-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-cmath/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-compar-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-compiler/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-complex/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-data/'
+  #conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-dir/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-enum-chain/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-enum-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-enum-lazy/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-enumerator/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-errno/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-error/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-eval/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-exit/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-fiber/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-hash-ext/'
+  #conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-io/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-kernel-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-math/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-metaprog/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-method/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-numeric-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-object-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-objectspace/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-os-memsize/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-pack/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-proc-binding/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-proc-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-random/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-range-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-rational/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-set/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-sleep/'
+  #conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-socket/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-sprintf/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-string-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-struct/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-symbol-ext/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-test-inline-struct/'
+  #conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-test/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-time/'
+  conf.gem 'mrbgems/mruby-toplevel-ext/'
+end

build_config/no-float.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Define cross build settings
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new('no-float') do |conf|
+  conf.toolchain
+
+  # Add configuration
+  conf.compilers.each do |c|
+    c.defines << "MRB_NO_FLOAT"
+  end
+
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-bin-mruby"
+
+  conf.test_runner.command = 'env'
+
+  conf.enable_debug
+#  conf.enable_bintest
+  conf.enable_test
+end

build_config/playstationportable.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# Cross Compiling configuration for the Sony PlayStation Portable.
+# This configuration requires toolchain from https://github.com/pspdev
+
+MRuby::CrossBuild.new("playstationportable") do |conf|
+  toolchain :gcc
+
+  PSPDEV_PATH = "#{ENV['PSPDEV']}"
+  BIN_PATH = "#{PSPDEV_PATH}/bin"
+
+  # C compiler
+  conf.cc do |cc|
+    cc.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/psp-gcc"
+    cc.flags << ["-O2", "-D_PSP_FW_VERSION=600"]
+    cc.include_paths << ["#{PSPDEV_PATH}/psp/include", "#{PSPDEV_PATH}/psp/sdk/include"]
+    cc.compile_options = %(%{flags} -o "%{outfile}" -c "%{infile}")
+  end
+
+  # C++ compiler
+  conf.cxx do |cxx|
+    cxx.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/psp-g++"
+    cxx.include_paths = conf.cc.include_paths.dup
+    cxx.flags = conf.cc.flags.dup
+    cxx.flags << %w[-fno-rtti -fno-exceptions]
+    cxx.defines = conf.cc.defines.dup
+    cxx.compile_options = conf.cc.compile_options.dup
+  end
+
+  # Linker
+  conf.linker do |linker|
+    linker.command = "#{BIN_PATH}/psp-gcc"
+    linker.flags << ["-Wl,-zmax-page-size=128"]
+  end
+
+  # No executables
+  conf.bins = []
+
+  # Do not build executable test
+  conf.build_mrbtest_lib_only
+
+  # Gems from core
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-metaprog"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-pack"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-sprintf"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-math"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-time"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-struct"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-compar-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enum-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-string-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-numeric-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-array-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-hash-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-range-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-proc-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-symbol-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-random"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-object-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-objectspace"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-fiber"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enumerator"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enum-lazy"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-toplevel-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-kernel-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-class-ext"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-compiler"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-binding"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-catch"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-enum-chain"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-errno"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-error"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-exit"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-os-memsize"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-proc-binding"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-sleep"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-io"
+  conf.gem :core => "mruby-dir"
+  #conf.gem :core => "mruby-socket" unsupported
+end

doc/guides/compile.md

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+<!-- summary: About the Compile -->
+
 # Compile
 
 mruby uses Rake to compile and cross-compile all libraries and
@@ -80,7 +82,7 @@ conf.toolchain :clang
 #### Visual Studio 2010, 2012 and 2013
 
 Toolchain configuration for Visual Studio on Windows. If you use the
-[Visual Studio Command Prompt](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms229859\(v=vs.110\).aspx),
+[Visual Studio Command Prompt](<https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms229859(v=vs.110).aspx>),
 you normally do not have to specify this manually, since it gets automatically detected by our build process.
 
 ```ruby
@@ -117,6 +119,36 @@ set the character via `conf.file_separator`.
 conf.file_separator = '/'
 ```
 
+### Name of library directory
+
+In some environments, the `libmruby.a` file requires a different directory name than `lib`.
+You can be changed to any name by the `conf.libdir_name` accessor.
+
+```ruby
+conf.libdir_name = 'lib64'
+```
+
+Alternatively, it can be changed via the environment variable `MRUBY_SYSTEM_LIBDIR_NAME` when
+the `rake` command is run.
+
+```console
+$ export MRUBY_SYSTEM_LIBDIR_NAME=lib64
+$ rake clean all
+```
+
+NOTES:
+
+- This environment variable `MRUBY_SYSTEM_LIBDIR_NAME` does not affect `MRuby::CrossBuild`.
+  In other words, if you want to change it for `MRuby::CrossBuild`, you must set it with `MRuby::CrossBuild#libdir_name=`.
+- If you want to switch this environment variable `MRUBY_SYSTEM_LIBDIR_NAME`, you must do `rake clean`.
+
+  A bad usage example is shown below.
+
+  ```console
+  $ rake clean all
+  $ rake MRUBY_SYSTEM_LIBDIR_NAME=lib64 install
+  ```
+
 ### C Compiler
 
 Configuration of the C compiler binary, flags and include paths.
@@ -144,7 +176,7 @@ If you need an include path of header file use `search_header_path`:
 fail 'iconv.h not found' unless conf.cc.search_header_path 'iconv.h'
 ```
 
-If you need a full file name of header file use `search_header`:
+If you need a full filename of header file use `search_header`:
 
 ```ruby
 # Searches `iconv.h`.
@@ -177,7 +209,7 @@ conf.linker do |linker|
   linker.flags_before_libraries = ...
   linker.libraries = ...
   linker.flags_after_libraries = ...
-  linker.library_paths = ....
+  linker.library_paths = ...
   linker.option_library = ...
   linker.option_library_path = ...
   linker.link_options = ...
@@ -265,7 +297,7 @@ There is a `RubyGem` (gem for CRuby) named `mgem` that help you to
 manage `mrbgems`. Try `gem install mgem`. `mgem` can show you the list
 of registered `mrbgems`.
 
-See doc/mrbgems/README.md for more option about mrbgems.
+See [doc/guides/mrbgems.md](mrbgems.md) for more option about mrbgems.
 
 ### Mrbtest
 
@@ -376,7 +408,7 @@ end
 
 ## Build process
 
-During the build process the directory `build` will be created in the
+During the build process the `build` directory will be created in the
 root directory. The structure of this directory will look like this:
 
 ```
@@ -460,7 +492,7 @@ compile for `i386` a directory called `i386` is created under the
 build directory.
 
 The cross compilation workflow starts in the same way as the normal
-compilation by compiling all *native* libraries and binaries, except
+compilation by compiling all _native_ libraries and binaries, except
 for we don't have `host/mrbc` directory (`host` directory itself works
 as placeholder for `mrbc`). Afterwards the cross compilation process
 proceeds like this:
@@ -527,7 +559,7 @@ After the build, you will get `libmruby.a`. You can link it to your application.
 For compiler options and library path, you can use `mruby-config` command for
 convenience. `mruby-config` command prints the configuration used for `libmruby.a`.
 
-```
+```console
 $ mruby-config --help
 Usage: mruby-config [switches]
   switches:
@@ -545,7 +577,7 @@ For example, when you have a C source file (`c.c`) and try to
 compile and link it with `libmruby.a`, you can run the following command,
 
 ```
-gcc `mruby-config --cflags` c.c `mruby-config --ldflags` `mruby-config --libs`
+`mruby-config --cc --cflags` c.c `mruby-config --ldflags --libs`
 ```
 
 When you use `make`, add following lines in `Makefile`
@@ -557,6 +589,83 @@ LDFLAGS = `$(MRB_CONFIG) --ldflags`
 LIBS = `$(MRB_CONFIG) --libs`
 ```
 
+## Install
+
+To install the files in the `bin`, `include` and `lib` directories generated by the "host" build target into a system directory, do the following:
+
+```console
+$ rake install
+```
+
+If there are multiple build targets in the build configuration file, to install the products of all build targets, do the following:
+
+```console
+$ rake install:full
+```
+
+To install only one of several build targets, e.g., the "its-mine" build target, do the following:
+
+```console
+$ rake install:full:its-mine
+```
+
+To install only the executable files, do the following:
+
+```console
+$ rake install_bin              # only "host" build target
+$ rake install:bin              # all build targets
+$ rake install:bin:its-mine     # only "its-mine" build target
+```
+
+### Installation Directory
+
+The installation directory is `/usr/local` for the "host" build target and `/usr/local/mruby/<build-name>` for the others.
+To change them, you can set the environment variable `PREFIX` or use `MRuby::Build#install_prefix = dir` in your build configuration file.
+
+The `PREFIX` environment variable affects all build targets and changes the `/usr/local` part.
+
+The `MRuby::Build#install_prefix` can be set for each individual build target.
+In this case, the environment variable `PREFIX` is ignored.
+
+Also, if the environment variable `DESTDIR` is set, it will prepend to the path obtained by `install_prefix` to determine the final write directory.
+This is intended for temporary file expansion by the user's package work.
+
+---
+
+To summarize:
+
+- The default value of the environment variable `PREFIX` is `/usr/local`.
+- For the "host" build target, the default value of `MRuby::Build#install_prefix` is `<PREFIX>`.
+- For a build target other than "host", the default value of `MRuby::Build#install_prefix` is `<PREFIX>/mruby/<build-name>`.
+- If the environment variable `DESTDIR` is set, the actual write directory is `<DESTDIR>/<MRuby::Build#install_prefix>`.
+
+### Excluded files
+
+In some cases there are files that you do not want to install.
+In such cases, add a file path filter to the array object `MRuby::Build#install_excludes` to exclude them.
+
+The following is an object that can be defined as a file path filter.
+The `path` variable that appears is a relative path based on `MRuby::Build#build_dir`.
+
+- string objects: files matched by `string.match?(path)` are excluded.
+- regexp object: files matched by `regexp.match?(path)` are excluded.
+- proc object: files which return true with `proc.call(path)` are excluded.
+
+```ruby
+# exclude bin/mrbc
+conf.install_excludes << exefile("bin/mrbc")
+
+# exclude all files under lib/ directory
+conf.install_excludes << %r(^lib/)
+
+# exclude bin/mrbtest, but in this case it is recommended to use string instead of proc
+conf.install_excludes << proc { |path|
+  path == exefile("bin/mrbtest")
+}
+```
+
+By default, it contains only a proc object to exclude `libmruby_core`.
+
 ## Tips
 
 - If you see compilation troubles, try `rake clean` first.

doc/guides/debugger.md

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+<!-- summary: About the Debugger with the `mrdb` Command -->
+
 # How to Use the mruby Debugger
 
 copyright (c) 2014 Specified Non-Profit Corporation mruby Forum
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ To confirm mrdb was installed properly, run mrdb with the `--version` option:
 
 ```bash
 $ mrdb --version
-mruby 3.1.0 (2022-05-12)
+mruby 3.4.0 (2025-04-20)
 ```
 
 ## 2.2 Basic Operation
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ To invoke the mruby debugger, just type `mrdb`.
 To specify the script file:
 
 ```bash
-$ mrdb [option] file name
+$ mrdb [option] filename
 ```
 
 For example: Debugging sample.rb
@@ -61,20 +63,20 @@ $ mrdb sample.rb
 
 You can execute the shell commands listed below:
 
-|command|description|
-|:-:|:--|
-|run|execute programs|
-|step|execute stepping|
-|continue|execute continuing program|
-|break|configure the breaking point|
-|delete|deleting the breaking points|
-|disable|disabling the breaking points|
-|enable|enabling the breaking points|
-|info breakpoints|showing list of the breaking points|
-|print|evaluating and printing the values of the mruby expressions in the script|
-|list|displaying the source cords|
-|help|showing help|
-|quit|terminating the mruby debugger|
+|     command      | description                                                               |
+| :--------------: | :------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+|       run        | execute programs                                                          |
+|       step       | execute stepping                                                          |
+|     continue     | execute continuing program                                                |
+|      break       | configure the breaking point                                              |
+|      delete      | deleting the breaking points                                              |
+|     disable      | disabling the breaking points                                             |
+|      enable      | enabling the breaking points                                              |
+| info breakpoints | showing list of the breaking points                                       |
+|      print       | evaluating and printing the values of the mruby expressions in the script |
+|       list       | displaying the source cords                                               |
+|       help       | showing help                                                              |
+|       quit       | terminating the mruby debugger                                            |
 
 ### 2.2.2 Debugging mruby Binary Files (mrb file) with mrdb
 
@@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ You can debug the mruby binary files.
 #### 2.2.2.1 Debugging the binary files
 
 - notice
-To debug mruby binary files, you need to compile mruby files with option `-g`.
+  To debug mruby binary files, you need to compile mruby files with option `-g`.
 
 ```bash
 $ mrbc -g sample.rb
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ Be aware that the breakpoint command will not check the validity of the class na
 
 You can get the current breakpoint information by the following options.
 
-breakpoint breakpoint number : file name. line number
+breakpoint breakpoint number : filename. line number
 
 breakpoint breakpoint number : [class name,] method name
 
@@ -265,7 +267,7 @@ Example:
 ```
 (sample.rb:1) info breakpoints
 Num     Type           Enb What
-1       breakpoint     y   at sample.rb:3                      -> file name,line number
+1       breakpoint     y   at sample.rb:3                      -> filename,line number
 2       breakpoint     n   in Sample_class:sample_class_method -> [class:]method name
 3       breakpoint     y   in sample_global_method
 ```
@@ -299,11 +301,11 @@ When you do not specify both the `first` and `last` options, you will receive th
 Example:
 
 ```
-Specifying file name and first row number
+Specifying filename and first row number
 sample.rb:1) list sample2.rb:5
 ```
 
-Specifying the file name and the first and last row number:
+Specifying the filename and the first and last row number:
 
 ```
 (sample.rb:1) list sample2.rb:6,7

doc/guides/gc-arena-howto.md

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
+<!-- summary: About GC Arena -->
+
 # How to use `mrb_gc_arena_save()`/`mrb_gc_arena_restore()`/`mrb_gc_protect()`
 
 _This is an English translation of [Matz's blog post][matz blog post]
 written in Japanese._
 _Some parts are updated to reflect recent changes._
-[matz blog post]: <https://www.rubyist.net/~matz/20130731.html>
+
+[matz blog post]: https://www.rubyist.net/~matz/20130731.html
 
 When you are extending mruby using C language, you may encounter
 mysterious "arena overflow error" or memory leak or very slow
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ memory leak.
 
 As of this writing, mruby automatically extend arena to remember
 objects (See `MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA` and `MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE` in
-doc/guides/mrbconf.md).
+[doc/guides/mrbconf.md](mrbconf.md)).
 
 If you create many objects in C functions, memory usage will increase, since
 GC never kicks in. This memory usage may look like memory leaks, but will also
@@ -106,7 +109,7 @@ inspect_ary(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_value list)
   char tail[] = { ']' };
 
   /* check recursive */
-  for(i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(list); i++) {
+  for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(list); i++) {
     if (mrb_obj_equal(mrb, ary, RARRAY_PTR(list)[i])) {
       return mrb_str_new(mrb, "[...]", 5);
     }
@@ -117,7 +120,7 @@ inspect_ary(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value ary, mrb_value list)
   arystr = mrb_str_new_capa(mrb, 64);
   mrb_str_cat(mrb, arystr, head, sizeof(head));
 
-  for(i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
+  for (i=0; i<RARRAY_LEN(ary); i++) {
     int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb);
 
     if (i > 0) {

doc/guides/hier.md

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<!-- summary: About the mruby directory structure -->
+
+# The mruby directory structure
+
+```text
++- 💎 mruby/                    The top directory of mruby.
+    |
+    +- 📁 .github/              GitHub configuration files for mruby project management.
+    |
+    +- 📁 benchmark/            Benchmarking files for mruby.
+    |
+    +- 📁 bin/                  Links to temporary executables after build. Auto-created.
+    |
+    +- 📁 build/                Default build output destination for mruby. Auto-created.
+    |   |
+    |   +- 📁 repos/            The git clone destination directory for GEMs that depend on the build configuration.
+    |   |
+    |   +- 📁 host/             The "host" build output directory.
+    |
+    +- 📁 build_config/         Build configuration files for various environments.
+    |
+    +- 📁 doc/                  Documentation for mruby.
+    |   |
+    |   +- 📁 guides/           Documentation for general users.
+    |   |
+    |   +- 📁 internal/         Documentation for internal implementations for developers.
+    |
+    +- 📁 examples/             Examples of mruby usages.
+    |   |
+    |   +- 📁 mrbgems/          Examples for creating custom GEM for mruby.
+    |
+    +- 📁 include/              C header files required when using mruby.
+    |
+    +- 📁 lib/                  Ruby scripts used for building mruby.
+    |
+    +- 📁 mrbgems/              A library collection of features not provided by mruby core only.
+    |   |                       See doc/guides/mrbgems.md file
+    |   |
+    |   +- 📁 mruby-*/          The directory of each GEMs.
+    |   |
+    |   +- 📃 *.gembox          A collection of GEMs grouped by features and purposes.
+    |
+    +- 📁 mrblib/               The core Ruby scripts that makes up the main body of mruby.
+    |
+    +- 📁 oss-fuzz/             Source code for The fuzzing-test.
+    |                           See https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz
+    |
+    +- 📁 src/                  The core C source code that makes up the main body of mruby.
+    |
+    +- 📁 tasks/                Rake tasks at build-time.
+    |   |
+    |   +- 📁 toolchains/       Definitions for the compiler, linker, archiver, etc. for each toolchain.
+    |
+    +- 📁 test/                 Ruby scripts needed for testing mruby.
+    |   |
+    |   +- 📁 t/                mruby test cases.
+    |
+    +- 📁 tools/                External programs used for the mruby project.
+        |
+        +- 📁 lrama/            LALR parser generator as an alternative to bison.
+                                Import from https://github.com/ruby/lrama
+```

doc/guides/link.md

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+<!-- summary: About Linking with `libmruby` -->
+
 # Linking `libmruby` to your application
 
 You have two ways to link `libmruby` to your application.
@@ -51,10 +53,10 @@ for example:
 To retrieve compiler options used to build `mruby`, you can use `mruby-config`
 command with following options:
 
-- `--cc`                    compiler name
-- `--cflags`                options passed to compiler
+- `--cc` compiler name
+- `--cflags` options passed to compiler
 
-```
+```console
 $ mruby-config --cflags
 -std=gnu99 -g -O3 -Wall -DMRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA -I/home/matz/work/mruby/include -I/home/matz/work/mruby/build/host/include
 ```
@@ -66,12 +68,12 @@ compatible to mruby configuration.
 
 To retrieve linker options, you can use `mruby-config` with following options:
 
-- `--ld`                    linker name
-- `--ldflags`               options passed to linker
-- `--ldflags-before-libs`   options passed to linker before linked libraries
-- `--libs`                  linked libraries
+- `--ld` linker name
+- `--ldflags` options passed to linker
+- `--ldflags-before-libs` options passed to linker before linked libraries
+- `--libs` linked libraries
 
-```
+```console
 $ mruby-config --ldflags
 -L/home/matz/work/mruby/build/host/lib
 

doc/guides/memory.md

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+<!-- summary: About Memory Allocator Customization -->
+
+# Memory Allocation
+
+In mruby, you can customize how memory is allocated in two ways:
+
+1. **Provide your own `malloc()`/`realloc()`/`free()`**
+2. **Override `mrb_basic_alloc_func()`**
+
+---
+
+## 1. Provide your own `malloc()`/`realloc()`/`free()`
+
+On platforms without a full C standard library —such as many microcontrollers— you may need to supply your own implementations of `malloc()`, `realloc()`, and `free()`. mruby’s allocator calls directly into these functions, so replacing them lets you control **every** allocation and deallocation performed by your entire program, including any third‑party libraries you link against.
+
+Keep in mind:
+
+- Calling `realloc(NULL, size)` must behave like `malloc(size)`.
+- Calling `free(NULL)` must be a no‑op.
+
+Simply define these three functions in your code (or link against a library that provides them), and mruby — along with all other code in your process — will use your versions automatically.
+
+## 2. Override `mrb_basic_alloc_func()`
+
+Inside mruby, all of its own memory allocations go through a single function called mrb_basic_alloc_func() (formerly mrb_default_allocf()). By defining this function in your application before linking, you can intercept and handle **only** the memory operations initiated by mruby itself without affecting other libraries or parts of your program.
+
+```c
+// Example signature:
+// void* mrb_basic_alloc_func(void* ptr, size_t size);
+```
+
+Implement mrb_basic_alloc_func() in your code, and mruby will invoke it for every internal allocation, reallocation, and free request.
+
+### Expected behavior
+
+- `mrb_basic_alloc_func(NULL, size)` should allocate `size` bytes, just like `malloc(size)`.
+- `mrb_basic_alloc_func(ptr, size)` should resize the existing block at `ptr` to `size` bytes, just like `realloc(ptr, size)`.
+- `mrb_basic_alloc_func(ptr, 0)` should free the block at `ptr`, just like `free(ptr)`.
+
+---
+
+## Summary of effects:
+
+- **Custom `malloc`/`realloc`/`free`**: replaces allocation behavior globally (mruby + all other code and third‑party libraries).
+
+- **Custom `mrb_basic_alloc_func()`**: replaces allocation behavior only for mruby’s internal use, leaving other libraries’ allocations untouched.
+
+## Migration note
+
+If you are moving from the old API:
+
+1. **Removal of `mrb_open_allocf()`**
+
+   - \_Old:
+
+     ```c
+     mrb_state *mrb = mrb_open_allocf(my_allocf, ud);
+     ```
+
+   - \_New:
+
+     ```c
+     // No allocf parameter; set up your hook via mrb_basic_alloc_func definition.
+     mrb_state *mrb = mrb_open_core();
+     ```
+
+2. **`mrb_open_core()` takes no arguments**
+
+   - Simply drop any allocf or user-data arguments, and redefine `mrb_basic_alloc_func` as you need.
+
+3. **No more `mrb_allocf` type**
+
+   - Definitions using the `mrb_allocf` typedef can be removed; implement `mrb_basic_alloc_func()` with the signature below:
+
+     ```c
+     void* mrb_basic_alloc_func(void *ptr, size_t size);
+     ```
+
+4. **`mrb_basic_alloc_func` signature change**
+
+   - _Old:_
+
+     ```c
+     void* mrb_default_allocf(mrb_state *mrb, void *ptr, size_t size, void *ud);
+     ```
+
+   - _New:_
+
+     ```c
+     void* mrb_basic_alloc_func(void *ptr, size_t size);
+     ```
+
+---
+
+### Code examples
+
+- **Old style**:
+
+  ```c
+  static void*
+  my_allocf(mrb_state *mrb, void *ud, void *ptr, size_t size)
+  {
+    // ...custom logic...
+  }
+
+  mrb_state *mrb = mrb_open_allocf(my_allocf, some_ud);
+  ```
+
+- **New style**:
+
+  ```c
+  // Define your hook before creating the state:
+  void*
+  mrb_basic_alloc_func(void *ptr, size_t size)
+  {
+    // ...custom logic...
+  }
+
+  mrb_state *mrb = mrb_open_core();
+  ```

doc/guides/mrbconf.md

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+<!-- summary: About Build-time Configurations -->
+
 # mruby configuration macros
 
 ## The configuration file
@@ -18,14 +20,14 @@ This is the same for `MRuby::CrossBuild`.
 # build_config.rb
 
 MRuby::Build.new do |conf|
-  .....
+  ...
   conf.defines << 'MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA'
   conf.defines << 'MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE'
-  .....
+  ...
 end
 ```
 
-***NOTE***
+**_NOTE_**
 
 - Use common definitions (`conf.defines`) instead of per-compiler definitions (e.g., `conf.cc.defines`) unless there is a special reason not to.
 - It is now deprecated to edit the `include/mruby/mrbconf.h` file or give it directly as a compiler flag, as was the case before.
@@ -105,7 +107,7 @@ end
 
 `MRB_GC_TURN_OFF_GENERATIONAL`
 
-- When defined turns generational GC by default.
+- When defined turns generational GC off by default.
 
 `MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA`
 
@@ -121,9 +123,9 @@ end
 
 `MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE`
 
-- Defines value is `1024`.
+- Default value is `1024`.
 - Specifies number of `RBasic` per each heap page.
-- To calculate the number of bytes per heap page, it is "(size of management data per heap page) + (size per object) * `MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE`".
+- To calculate the number of bytes per heap page, it is "(size of management data per heap page) + (size per object) \* `MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE`".
   In mruby 3.1.0, the "size of management data per heap page" is 6 words, also "size per object" is 6 words.
   For a 32-bit CPU, `(6 * 4) + (6 * 4) * MRB_HEAP_PAGE_SIZE` gives the bytes of size per heap page.
   Conversely, for example, to keep the size per heap page to 4 Ki bytes,
@@ -135,7 +137,7 @@ end
 
 - Default value is `4`.
 - If you're allocating data types that requires alignment more than default value define the
-largest value of required alignment.
+  largest value of required alignment.
 
 `POOL_PAGE_SIZE`
 
@@ -149,7 +151,7 @@ largest value of required alignment.
 
 - If defined enables fixed size `mrb_state` atexit stack.
 - Raises `RuntimeError` when `mrb_state_atexit` call count to same `mrb_state` exceeds
-`MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK_SIZE`'s value.
+  `MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK_SIZE`'s value.
 
 `MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK_SIZE`
 
@@ -197,7 +199,7 @@ largest value of required alignment.
 
 `MRB_MALLOC_TRIM`
 
-- call malloc_trim(0) for each mrb_full_gc() call
+- call `malloc_trim(0)` for each `mrb_full_gc()` call
 
 `MRB_UTF8_STRING`
 
@@ -211,7 +213,7 @@ largest value of required alignment.
 
 `MRB_ARY_LENGTH_MAX`
 
-- The maximum length of strings (default 1MB)
+- The maximum length of arrays (default 1MB)
 - set this value to zero to skip the check
 
 `MRB_FUNCALL_ARGC_MAX`
@@ -236,17 +238,11 @@ largest value of required alignment.
 - Ignored if `MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE` is defined.
 - Need to be the power of 2.
 
-`MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT`
-
-- Use C struct to represent `mrb_method_t`
-- No `MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT` requires highest 2 bits of function pointers to be zero
-- Define this macro on machines that use higher bits of pointers
-
 `MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS`
 
 - Make it available `Symbol.all_symbols` in `mrbgems/mruby-symbol-ext`
 - Increase heap memory usage.
 
-`MRB_NO_DIRECT_THREADING`
+`MRB_USE_VM_SWITCH_DISPATCH`
 
-- Turn off direct threading optimization in VM loop
+- Turn on switch dispatch in VM loop

doc/guides/mrbgems.md

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+<!-- summary: About the Build-time Library Manager -->
+
 # mrbgems
 
-mrbgems is a library manager to integrate C and Ruby extension in an easy and
+mrbgems is a library manager to integrate C and Ruby extensions in an easy and
 standardised way into mruby. Conventionally, each mrbgem name is prefixed by
 `mruby-`, e.g. `mruby-time` for a gem that provides `Time` class functionality.
 
@@ -92,6 +94,21 @@ end
 However, it should be used with caution, as it may deviate from the intent
 of the gem's author.
 
+### Gem Testing
+
+If you enable unit tests in your build with `enable_test`, tests will be
+generated for all gems and their dependencies by default. If necessary, it is
+possible to suppress tests for a specific gem like so:
+
+```ruby
+conf.gem 'mruby-noisygem' do |g|
+  g.skip_test = true
+end
+```
+
+However, it is considered best practice to leave all tests enabled whenever
+possible. A warning message will be generated for each gem with disabled tests.
+
 ## GemBox
 
 There are instances when you wish to add a collection of mrbgems into mruby at
@@ -160,9 +177,9 @@ The maximal GEM structure looks like this:
     +- test/            <- Test code (Ruby)
 ```
 
-The folder `mrblib` contains pure Ruby files to extend mruby. The folder `src`
-contains C/C++ files to extend mruby. The folder `include` contains C/C++ header
-files. The folder `test` contains C/C++ and pure Ruby files for testing purposes
+The `mrblib` directory contains pure Ruby files to extend mruby. The `src` directory
+contains C/C++ files to extend mruby. The `include` directory contains C/C++ header
+files. The `test` directory contains C/C++ and pure Ruby files for testing purposes
 which will be used by `mrbtest`. `mrbgem.rake` contains the specification
 to compile C and Ruby files. `README.md` is a short description of your GEM.
 
@@ -233,7 +250,7 @@ Version requirement supports following operators:
 - '<=': is equal or lesser
 - '~>': is equal or greater and is lesser than the next major version
   - example 1: '~> 2.2.2' means '>= 2.2.2' and '< 2.3.0'
-  - example 2: '~> 2.2'   means '>= 2.2.0' and '< 3.0.0'
+  - example 2: '~> 2.2' means '>= 2.2.0' and '< 3.0.0'
 
 When more than one version requirements is passed, the dependency must satisfy all of it.
 
@@ -349,9 +366,9 @@ mrb_c_extension_example_gem_final(mrb_state* mrb) {
 
 mruby can be extended with pure Ruby. It is possible to override existing
 classes or add new ones in this way. Put all Ruby files into the `mrblib`
-folder.
+directory.
 
-### Pre-Conditions
+### Preconditions
 
 none
 
@@ -377,13 +394,13 @@ none
 
 mruby can be extended with C and Ruby at the same time. It is possible to
 override existing classes or add new ones in this way. Put all Ruby files
-into the `mrblib` folder and all C files into the `src` folder.
+into the `mrblib` directory and all C files into the `src` directory.
 
 mruby codes under `mrblib` directory would be executed after gem init C
-function is called. Make sure *mruby script* depends on *C code* and
-*C code* doesn't depend on *mruby script*.
+function is called. Make sure _mruby script_ depends on _C code_ and
+_C code_ doesn't depend on _mruby script_.
 
-### Pre-Conditions
+### Preconditions
 
 See C and Ruby example.
 

doc/guides/symbol.md

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+<!-- summary: About the Symbols -->
+
 # Symbols
 
 Symbols in `mruby` C source code is represented by `mrb_sym` which is alias of
@@ -57,18 +59,19 @@ To save RAM, `mruby` can use compile-time allocation of some symbols. You can
 use following macros to get preallocated symbols by including `mruby/presym.h`
 header.
 
-- `MRB_SYM(xor)`    //=> xor    (Word characters)
-- `MRB_SYM_B(xor)`  //=> xor!   (Method with Bang)
-- `MRB_SYM_Q(xor)`  //=> xor?   (Method with Question mark)
-- `MRB_SYM_E(xor)`  //=> xor=   (Method with Equal)
-- `MRB_CVSYM(xor)`  //=> @@xor  (Class Variable)
-- `MRB_IVSYM(xor)`  //=> @xor   (Instance Variable)
-- `MRB_OPSYM(xor)`  //=> ^      (Operator)
+- `MRB_SYM(xor)` //=> xor (Word characters)
+- `MRB_SYM_B(xor)` //=> xor! (Method with Bang)
+- `MRB_SYM_Q(xor)` //=> xor? (Method with Question mark)
+- `MRB_SYM_E(xor)` //=> xor= (Method with Equal)
+- `MRB_GVSYM(xor)` //=> $xor (Global Variable)
+- `MRB_CVSYM(xor)` //=> @@xor (Class Variable)
+- `MRB_IVSYM(xor)` //=> @xor (Instance Variable)
+- `MRB_OPSYM(xor)` //=> ^ (Operator)
 
 For `MRB_OPSYM()`, specify the names corresponding to operators (see
 `MRuby::Presym::OPERATORS` in `lib/mruby/presym.rb` for the names that
 can be specified for it). Other than that, describe only word characters
-excluding leading and ending punctuations.
+excluding leading and ending punctuation.
 
 These macros are converted to static symbol IDs at compile time, unless
 preallocate symbols are disabled by `conf.disable_presym`. In that case,

doc/internal/boxing.md

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+<!-- summary: About Value Boxing -->
+
 # Boxing
 
 The mruby objects and data are represented by C data type `mrb_value`. There are three options how to pack the data values in the `mrb_value`.
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ Some values (called immediate values, e.g. integers, booleans, symbols, etc.) ar
 The Word boxing packing bit patterns are like following:
 
 | Types  | Bit Pattern                           |
-|--------|---------------------------------------|
+| ------ | ------------------------------------- |
 | object | `xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxx000` |
 | fixnum | `xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxx1` |
 | nil    | `00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000` |
@@ -24,17 +26,17 @@ The Word boxing packing bit patterns are like following:
 | undef  | `00000000 00000000 00000000 00010100` |
 | symbol | `xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxx10` |
 
-On 64 bit platform (unless `MRB_WORDBOX_NO_FLOAT_TRUNCATE`), float values are also packed in the `mrb_value`. In that case, we drop least significant 2 bits from mantissa.
+On 64-bit platforms (unless `MRB_WORDBOX_NO_FLOAT_TRUNCATE`), float values are also packed in the `mrb_value`. In that case, we drop least significant 2 bits from mantissa.
 If you need full precision for floating-point numbers, define `MRB_WORDBOX_NO_FLOAT_TRUNCATE`.
 
 ## NaN Boxing
 
-NaN boxing packs the Ruby data in a floating-point numbers, which represent NaN (Not a Number) values. Under IEEE753 definitions every value that exponent is all set are considered as NaN. That means NaN can represent `2^51` values. NaN boxing is a teaching to pack the values in those NaN representation. In theory, 64 bits pointers are too big to fit in NaN, but practically most OS uses only 48 bits at most for pointers (except for some OS e.g. Solaris).
+NaN boxing packs the Ruby data in a floating-point numbers, which represent NaN (Not a Number) values. Under IEEE753 definitions every value that exponent is all set are considered as NaN. That means NaN can represent `2^51` values. NaN boxing is a teaching to pack the values in those NaN representation. In theory, 64-bit pointers are too big to fit in NaN, but practically most OS use only 48 bits at most for pointers (except for some OS e.g. Solaris).
 
 The NaN boxing packing bit patterns are like following:
 
 | Types  | Bit Pattern                                                               |
-|--------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
 | float  | `SEEEEEEE EEEEFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF` |
 | +/-inf | `S1111111 11110000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000` |
 | nan    | `01111111 11111000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000` |
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ The NaN boxing packing bit patterns are like following:
 | ptr    | `01111111 11111100 PPPPPPPP PPPPPPPP PPPPPPPP PPPPPPPP PPPPPPPP PPPPPP01` |
 | nil    | `00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000` |
 
-The object values appear far more frequently than floating-point numbers, so we offset the value so that object pointers are unchanged. This technique is called "favor pointer"".
+The object values appear far more frequently than floating-point numbers, so we offset the value so that object pointers are unchanged. This technique is called "favor pointer".
 
 ## No Boxing
 

doc/internal/opcode.md

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+<!-- summary: About mruby Virtual Machine Instructions -->
+
 # The new bytecode
 
 We will reimplement the VM to use 8bit instruction code. By
@@ -12,7 +14,7 @@ have 106 instructions. Instructions can take 0 to 3 operands.
 ## operands
 
 The size of operands can be either 8bits, 16bits or 24bits.
-In the table.1 below, the second field describes the size
+In the table.1 below, the third field describes the size
 of operands.
 
 - B: 8bit
@@ -26,111 +28,111 @@ See also `OP_EXT1`, `OP_EXT2` and `OP_EXT3`.
 
 ## table.1 Instruction Table
 
-| Instruction Name   | Operand type   | Semantics                                                  |
-|--------------------|----------------|------------------------------------------------------------|
-| `OP_NOP`           | `-`            | `no operation`                                             |
-| `OP_MOVE`          | `BB`           | `R(a) = R(b)`                                              |
-| `OP_LOADL`         | `BB`           | `R(a) = Pool(b)`                                           |
-| `OP_LOADI`         | `BB`           | `R(a) = mrb_int(b)`                                        |
-| `OP_LOADINEG`      | `BB`           | `R(a) = mrb_int(-b)`                                       |
-| `OP_LOADI__1`      | `B`            | `R(a) = mrb_int(-1)`                                       |
-| `OP_LOADI_0`       | `B`            | `R(a) = mrb_int(0)`                                        |
-| `OP_LOADI_1`       | `B`            | `R(a) = mrb_int(1)`                                        |
-| `OP_LOADI_2`       | `B`            | `R(a) = mrb_int(2)`                                        |
-| `OP_LOADI_3`       | `B`            | `R(a) = mrb_int(3)`                                        |
-| `OP_LOADI_4`       | `B`            | `R(a) = mrb_int(4)`                                        |
-| `OP_LOADI_5`       | `B`            | `R(a) = mrb_int(5)`                                        |
-| `OP_LOADI_6`       | `B`            | `R(a) = mrb_int(6)`                                        |
-| `OP_LOADI_7`       | `B`            | `R(a) = mrb_int(7)`                                        |
-| `OP_LOADI16`       | `BS`           | `R(a) = mrb_int(b)`                                        |
-| `OP_LOADI32`       | `BSS`          | `R(a) = mrb_int((b<<16)+c)`                                |
-| `OP_LOADSYM`       | `BB`           | `R(a) = Syms(b)`                                           |
-| `OP_LOADNIL`       | `B`            | `R(a) = nil`                                               |
-| `OP_LOADSELF`      | `B`            | `R(a) = self`                                              |
-| `OP_LOADT`         | `B`            | `R(a) = true`                                              |
-| `OP_LOADF`         | `B`            | `R(a) = false`                                             |
-| `OP_GETGV`         | `BB`           | `R(a) = getglobal(Syms(b))`                                |
-| `OP_SETGV`         | `BB`           | `setglobal(Syms(b), R(a))`                                 |
-| `OP_GETSV`         | `BB`           | `R(a) = Special[Syms(b)]`                                  |
-| `OP_SETSV`         | `BB`           | `Special[Syms(b)] = R(a)`                                  |
-| `OP_GETIV`         | `BB`           | `R(a) = ivget(Syms(b))`                                    |
-| `OP_SETIV`         | `BB`           | `ivset(Syms(b),R(a))`                                      |
-| `OP_GETCV`         | `BB`           | `R(a) = cvget(Syms(b))`                                    |
-| `OP_SETCV`         | `BB`           | `cvset(Syms(b),R(a))`                                      |
-| `OP_GETCONST`      | `BB`           | `R(a) = constget(Syms(b))`                                 |
-| `OP_SETCONST`      | `BB`           | `constset(Syms(b),R(a))`                                   |
-| `OP_GETMCNST`      | `BB`           | `R(a) = R(a)::Syms(b)`                                     |
-| `OP_SETMCNST`      | `BB`           | `R(a+1)::Syms(b) = R(a)`                                   |
-| `OP_GETUPVAR`      | `BBB`          | `R(a) = uvget(b,c)`                                        |
-| `OP_SETUPVAR`      | `BBB`          | `uvset(b,c,R(a))`                                          |
-| `OP_GETIDX`        | `B`            | `R(a) = R(a)[R(a+1)]`                                      |
-| `OP_SETIDX`        | `B`            | `R(a)[R(a+1)] = R(a+2)`                                    |
-| `OP_JMP`           | `S`            | `pc+=a`                                                    |
-| `OP_JMPIF`         | `BS`           | `if R(a) pc+=b`                                            |
-| `OP_JMPNOT`        | `BS`           | `if !R(a) pc+=b`                                           |
-| `OP_JMPNIL`        | `BS`           | `if R(a)==nil pc+=b`                                       |
-| `OP_JMPUW`         | `S`            | `unwind_and_jump_to(a)`                                    |
-| `OP_EXCEPT`        | `B`            | `R(a) = exc`                                               |
-| `OP_RESCUE`        | `BB`           | `R(b) = R(a).isa?(R(b))`                                   |
-| `OP_RAISEIF`       | `B`            | `raise(R(a)) if R(a)`                                      |
-| `OP_SSEND`         | `BBB`          | `R(a) = self.send(Syms(b),R(a+1)..,R(a+n+1):R(a+n+2)..) (c=n\|k<<4)` |
-| `OP_SSENDB`        | `BBB`          | `R(a) = self.send(Syms(b),R(a+1)..,R(a+n+1):R(a+n+2)..,&R(a+n+2k+1))` |
-| `OP_SEND`          | `BBB`          | `R(a) = R(a).send(Syms(b),R(a+1)..,R(a+n+1):R(a+n+2)..) (c=n\|k<<4)` |
-| `OP_SENDB`         | `BBB`          | `R(a) = R(a).send(Syms(b),R(a+1)..,R(a+n+1):R(a+n+2)..,&R(a+n+2k+1))` |
-| `OP_CALL`          | `-`            | `self.call(*, **, &) (But overlay the current call frame; tailcall)` |
-| `OP_SUPER`         | `BB`           | `R(a) = super(R(a+1),... ,R(a+b+1))`                       |
-| `OP_ARGARY`        | `BS`           | `R(a) = argument array (16=m5:r1:m5:d1:lv4)`               |
-| `OP_ENTER`         | `W`            | `arg setup according to flags (23=m5:o5:r1:m5:k5:d1:b1)`   |
-| `OP_KEY_P`         | `BB`           | `R(a) = kdict.key?(Syms(b))`                               |
-| `OP_KEYEND`        | `-`            | `raise unless kdict.empty?`                                |
-| `OP_KARG`          | `BB`           | `R(a) = kdict[Syms(b)]; kdict.delete(Syms(b))`             |
-| `OP_RETURN`        | `B`            | `return R(a) (normal)`                                     |
-| `OP_RETURN_BLK`    | `B`            | `return R(a) (in-block return)`                            |
-| `OP_BREAK`         | `B`            | `break R(a)`                                               |
-| `OP_BLKPUSH`       | `BS`           | `R(a) = block (16=m5:r1:m5:d1:lv4)`                        |
-| `OP_ADD`           | `B`            | `R(a) = R(a)+R(a+1)`                                       |
-| `OP_ADDI`          | `BB`           | `R(a) = R(a)+mrb_int(b)`                                   |
-| `OP_SUB`           | `B`            | `R(a) = R(a)-R(a+1)`                                       |
-| `OP_SUBI`          | `BB`           | `R(a) = R(a)-mrb_int(b)`                                   |
-| `OP_MUL`           | `B`            | `R(a) = R(a)*R(a+1)`                                       |
-| `OP_DIV`           | `B`            | `R(a) = R(a)/R(a+1)`                                       |
-| `OP_EQ`            | `B`            | `R(a) = R(a)==R(a+1)`                                      |
-| `OP_LT`            | `B`            | `R(a) = R(a)<R(a+1)`                                       |
-| `OP_LE`            | `B`            | `R(a) = R(a)<=R(a+1)`                                      |
-| `OP_GT`            | `B`            | `R(a) = R(a)>R(a+1)`                                       |
-| `OP_GE`            | `B`            | `R(a) = R(a)>=R(a+1)`                                      |
-| `OP_ARRAY`         | `BB`           | `R(a) = ary_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b))`                      |
-| `OP_ARRAY2`        | `BBB`          | `R(a) = ary_new(R(b),R(b+1)..R(b+c))`                      |
-| `OP_ARYCAT`        | `B`            | `ary_cat(R(a),R(a+1))`                                     |
-| `OP_ARYPUSH`       | `BB`           | `ary_push(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b))`                            |
-| `OP_ARYSPLAT`      | `B`            | `R(a) = ary_splat(R(a))`                                   |
-| `OP_AREF`          | `BBB`          | `R(a) = R(b)[c]`                                           |
-| `OP_ASET`          | `BBB`          | `R(b)[c] = R(a)`                                           |
-| `OP_APOST`         | `BBB`          | `*R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+c) = R(a)[b..]`                         |
-| `OP_INTERN`        | `B`            | `R(a) = intern(R(a))`                                      |
-| `OP_SYMBOL`        | `BB`           | `R(a) = intern(Pool(b))`                                   |
-| `OP_STRING`        | `BB`           | `R(a) = str_dup(Pool(b))`                                  |
-| `OP_STRCAT`        | `B`            | `str_cat(R(a),R(a+1))`                                     |
-| `OP_HASH`          | `BB`           | `R(a) = hash_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b*2-1))`                 |
-| `OP_HASHADD`       | `BB`           | `hash_push(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b*2))`                         |
-| `OP_HASHCAT`       | `B`            | `R(a) = hash_cat(R(a),R(a+1))`                             |
-| `OP_LAMBDA`        | `BB`           | `R(a) = lambda(Irep(b),OP_L_LAMBDA)`                       |
-| `OP_BLOCK`         | `BB`           | `R(a) = lambda(Irep(b),OP_L_BLOCK)`                        |
-| `OP_METHOD`        | `BB`           | `R(a) = lambda(Irep(b),OP_L_METHOD)`                       |
-| `OP_RANGE_INC`     | `B`            | `R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),FALSE)`                      |
-| `OP_RANGE_EXC`     | `B`            | `R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),TRUE)`                       |
-| `OP_OCLASS`        | `B`            | `R(a) = ::Object`                                          |
-| `OP_CLASS`         | `BB`           | `R(a) = newclass(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1))`                     |
-| `OP_MODULE`        | `BB`           | `R(a) = newmodule(R(a),Syms(b))`                           |
-| `OP_EXEC`          | `BB`           | `R(a) = blockexec(R(a),Irep(b))`                           |
-| `OP_DEF`           | `BB`           | `R(a).newmethod(Syms(b),R(a+1)); R(a) = Syms(b)`           |
-| `OP_ALIAS`         | `BB`           | `alias_method(target_class,Syms(a),Syms(b))`               |
-| `OP_UNDEF`         | `B`            | `undef_method(target_class,Syms(a))`                       |
-| `OP_SCLASS`        | `B`            | `R(a) = R(a).singleton_class`                              |
-| `OP_TCLASS`        | `B`            | `R(a) = target_class`                                      |
-| `OP_DEBUG`         | `BBB`          | `print a,b,c`                                              |
-| `OP_ERR`           | `B`            | `raise(LocalJumpError, Pool(a))`                           |
-| `OP_EXT1`          | `-`            | `make 1st operand (a) 16bit`                               |
-| `OP_EXT2`          | `-`            | `make 2nd operand (b) 16bit`                               |
-| `OP_EXT3`          | `-`            | `make 1st and 2nd operands 16bit`                          |
-| `OP_STOP`          | `-`            | `stop VM`                                                  |
+| No. | Instruction Name | Operand type | Semantics
+| --: | ---------------- | ------------ | ---------------
+|   0 | `OP_NOP`         | `-`          | `no operation`
+|   1 | `OP_MOVE`        | `BB`         | `R(a) = R(b)`
+|   2 | `OP_LOADL`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = Pool(b)`
+|   3 | `OP_LOADI8`      | `BB`         | `R(a) = mrb_int(b)`
+|   4 | `OP_LOADINEG`    | `BB`         | `R(a) = mrb_int(-b)`
+|   5 | `OP_LOADI__1`    | `B`          | `R(a) = mrb_int(-1)`
+|   6 | `OP_LOADI_0`     | `B`          | `R(a) = mrb_int(0)`
+|   7 | `OP_LOADI_1`     | `B`          | `R(a) = mrb_int(1)`
+|   8 | `OP_LOADI_2`     | `B`          | `R(a) = mrb_int(2)`
+|   9 | `OP_LOADI_3`     | `B`          | `R(a) = mrb_int(3)`
+|  10 | `OP_LOADI_4`     | `B`          | `R(a) = mrb_int(4)`
+|  11 | `OP_LOADI_5`     | `B`          | `R(a) = mrb_int(5)`
+|  12 | `OP_LOADI_6`     | `B`          | `R(a) = mrb_int(6)`
+|  13 | `OP_LOADI_7`     | `B`          | `R(a) = mrb_int(7)`
+|  14 | `OP_LOADI16`     | `BS`         | `R(a) = mrb_int(b)`
+|  15 | `OP_LOADI32`     | `BSS`        | `R(a) = mrb_int((b<<16)+c)`
+|  16 | `OP_LOADSYM`     | `BB`         | `R(a) = Syms(b)`
+|  17 | `OP_LOADNIL`     | `B`          | `R(a) = nil`
+|  18 | `OP_LOADSELF`    | `B`          | `R(a) = self`
+|  19 | `OP_LOADT`       | `B`          | `R(a) = true`
+|  20 | `OP_LOADF`       | `B`          | `R(a) = false`
+|  21 | `OP_GETGV`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = getglobal(Syms(b))`
+|  22 | `OP_SETGV`       | `BB`         | `setglobal(Syms(b), R(a))`
+|  23 | `OP_GETSV`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = Special[Syms(b)]`
+|  24 | `OP_SETSV`       | `BB`         | `Special[Syms(b)] = R(a)`
+|  25 | `OP_GETIV`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = ivget(Syms(b))`
+|  26 | `OP_SETIV`       | `BB`         | `ivset(Syms(b),R(a))`
+|  27 | `OP_GETCV`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = cvget(Syms(b))`
+|  28 | `OP_SETCV`       | `BB`         | `cvset(Syms(b),R(a))`
+|  29 | `OP_GETCONST`    | `BB`         | `R(a) = constget(Syms(b))`
+|  30 | `OP_SETCONST`    | `BB`         | `constset(Syms(b),R(a))`
+|  31 | `OP_GETMCNST`    | `BB`         | `R(a) = R(a)::Syms(b)`
+|  32 | `OP_SETMCNST`    | `BB`         | `R(a+1)::Syms(b) = R(a)`
+|  33 | `OP_GETUPVAR`    | `BBB`        | `R(a) = uvget(b,c)`
+|  34 | `OP_SETUPVAR`    | `BBB`        | `uvset(b,c,R(a))`
+|  35 | `OP_GETIDX`      | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)[R(a+1)]`
+|  36 | `OP_SETIDX`      | `B`          | `R(a)[R(a+1)] = R(a+2)`
+|  37 | `OP_JMP`         | `S`          | `pc+=a`
+|  38 | `OP_JMPIF`       | `BS`         | `if R(a) pc+=b`
+|  39 | `OP_JMPNOT`      | `BS`         | `if !R(a) pc+=b`
+|  40 | `OP_JMPNIL`      | `BS`         | `if R(a)==nil pc+=b`
+|  41 | `OP_JMPUW`       | `S`          | `unwind_and_jump_to(a)`
+|  42 | `OP_EXCEPT`      | `B`          | `R(a) = exc`
+|  43 | `OP_RESCUE`      | `BB`         | `R(b) = R(a).isa?(R(b))`
+|  44 | `OP_RAISEIF`     | `B`          | `raise(R(a)) if R(a)`
+|  45 | `OP_SSEND`       | `BBB`        | `R(a) = self.send(Syms(b),R(a+1)..,R(a+n+1):R(a+n+2)..) (c=n\|k<<4)`
+|  46 | `OP_SSENDB`      | `BBB`        | `R(a) = self.send(Syms(b),R(a+1)..,R(a+n+1):R(a+n+2)..,&R(a+n+2k+1))`
+|  47 | `OP_SEND`        | `BBB`        | `R(a) = R(a).send(Syms(b),R(a+1)..,R(a+n+1):R(a+n+2)..) (c=n\|k<<4)`
+|  48 | `OP_SENDB`       | `BBB`        | `R(a) = R(a).send(Syms(b),R(a+1)..,R(a+n+1):R(a+n+2)..,&R(a+n+2k+1))`
+|  49 | `OP_CALL`        | `-`          | `self.call(*, **, &) (But overlay the current call frame; tailcall)`
+|  50 | `OP_SUPER`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = super(R(a+1),... ,R(a+b+1))`
+|  51 | `OP_ARGARY`      | `BS`         | `R(a) = argument array (16=m5:r1:m5:d1:lv4)`
+|  52 | `OP_ENTER`       | `W`          | `arg setup according to flags (23=m5:o5:r1:m5:k5:d1:b1)`
+|  53 | `OP_KEY_P`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = kdict.key?(Syms(b))`
+|  54 | `OP_KEYEND`      | `-`          | `raise unless kdict.empty?`
+|  55 | `OP_KARG`        | `BB`         | `R(a) = kdict[Syms(b)]; kdict.delete(Syms(b))`
+|  56 | `OP_RETURN`      | `B`          | `return R(a) (normal)`
+|  57 | `OP_RETURN_BLK`  | `B`          | `return R(a) (in-block return)`
+|  58 | `OP_BREAK`       | `B`          | `break R(a)`
+|  59 | `OP_BLKPUSH`     | `BS`         | `R(a) = block (16=m5:r1:m5:d1:lv4)`
+|  60 | `OP_ADD`         | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)+R(a+1)`
+|  61 | `OP_ADDI`        | `BB`         | `R(a) = R(a)+mrb_int(b)`
+|  62 | `OP_SUB`         | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)-R(a+1)`
+|  63 | `OP_SUBI`        | `BB`         | `R(a) = R(a)-mrb_int(b)`
+|  64 | `OP_MUL`         | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)*R(a+1)`
+|  65 | `OP_DIV`         | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)/R(a+1)`
+|  66 | `OP_EQ`          | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)==R(a+1)`
+|  67 | `OP_LT`          | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)<R(a+1)`
+|  68 | `OP_LE`          | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)<=R(a+1)`
+|  69 | `OP_GT`          | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)>R(a+1)`
+|  70 | `OP_GE`          | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a)>=R(a+1)`
+|  71 | `OP_ARRAY`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = ary_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b))`
+|  72 | `OP_ARRAY2`      | `BBB`        | `R(a) = ary_new(R(b),R(b+1)..R(b+c))`
+|  73 | `OP_ARYCAT`      | `B`          | `ary_cat(R(a),R(a+1))`
+|  74 | `OP_ARYPUSH`     | `BB`         | `ary_push(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b))`
+|  75 | `OP_ARYSPLAT`    | `B`          | `R(a) = ary_splat(R(a))`
+|  76 | `OP_AREF`        | `BBB`        | `R(a) = R(b)[c]`
+|  77 | `OP_ASET`        | `BBB`        | `R(b)[c] = R(a)`
+|  78 | `OP_APOST`       | `BBB`        | `*R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+c) = R(a)[b..]`
+|  79 | `OP_INTERN`      | `B`          | `R(a) = intern(R(a))`
+|  80 | `OP_SYMBOL`      | `BB`         | `R(a) = intern(Pool(b))`
+|  81 | `OP_STRING`      | `BB`         | `R(a) = str_dup(Pool(b))`
+|  82 | `OP_STRCAT`      | `B`          | `str_cat(R(a),R(a+1))`
+|  83 | `OP_HASH`        | `BB`         | `R(a) = hash_new(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b*2-1))`
+|  84 | `OP_HASHADD`     | `BB`         | `hash_push(R(a),R(a+1)..R(a+b*2))`
+|  85 | `OP_HASHCAT`     | `B`          | `R(a) = hash_cat(R(a),R(a+1))`
+|  86 | `OP_LAMBDA`      | `BB`         | `R(a) = lambda(Irep(b),OP_L_LAMBDA)`
+|  87 | `OP_BLOCK`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = lambda(Irep(b),OP_L_BLOCK)`
+|  88 | `OP_METHOD`      | `BB`         | `R(a) = lambda(Irep(b),OP_L_METHOD)`
+|  89 | `OP_RANGE_INC`   | `B`          | `R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),FALSE)`
+|  90 | `OP_RANGE_EXC`   | `B`          | `R(a) = range_new(R(a),R(a+1),TRUE)`
+|  91 | `OP_OCLASS`      | `B`          | `R(a) = ::Object`
+|  92 | `OP_CLASS`       | `BB`         | `R(a) = newclass(R(a),Syms(b),R(a+1))`
+|  93 | `OP_MODULE`      | `BB`         | `R(a) = newmodule(R(a),Syms(b))`
+|  94 | `OP_EXEC`        | `BB`         | `R(a) = blockexec(R(a),Irep(b))`
+|  95 | `OP_DEF`         | `BB`         | `R(a).newmethod(Syms(b),R(a+1)); R(a) = Syms(b)`
+|  96 | `OP_ALIAS`       | `BB`         | `alias_method(target_class,Syms(a),Syms(b))`
+|  97 | `OP_UNDEF`       | `B`          | `undef_method(target_class,Syms(a))`
+|  98 | `OP_SCLASS`      | `B`          | `R(a) = R(a).singleton_class`
+|  99 | `OP_TCLASS`      | `B`          | `R(a) = target_class`
+| 100 | `OP_DEBUG`       | `BBB`        | `print a,b,c`
+| 101 | `OP_ERR`         | `B`          | `raise(LocalJumpError, Pool(a))`
+| 102 | `OP_EXT1`        | `-`          | `make 1st operand (a) 16bit`
+| 103 | `OP_EXT2`        | `-`          | `make 2nd operand (b) 16bit`
+| 104 | `OP_EXT3`        | `-`          | `make 1st and 2nd operands 16bit`
+| 105 | `OP_STOP`        | `-`          | `stop VM`

doc/limitations.md

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+<!-- summary: About the Limitations of mruby -->
+
 # Limitations and Differences
 
 The philosophy of mruby is to be a lightweight implementation of
@@ -64,81 +66,12 @@ p Liste.new "foobar"
 
 #### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
 
-` [] `
+`[]`
 
 #### mruby [3.1.0 (2022-05-12)]
 
 `ArgumentError` is raised.
 
-## Method visibility
-
-For simplicity reasons no method visibility (public/private/protected) is
-supported. Those methods are defined, but they are dummy methods.
-
-```ruby
-class VisibleTest
-
-  def public_method; end
-
-  private
-  def private_method; end
-
-end
-
-p VisibleTest.new.respond_to?(:private_method, false)
-p VisibleTest.new.respond_to?(:private_method, true)
-```
-
-#### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
-
-```
-false
-true
-```
-
-#### mruby [3.1.0 (2022-05-12)]
-
-```
-true
-true
-```
-
-### Visibility Declaration
-
-The declaration form of following visibility methods are not implemented.
-
-- `public`
-- `private`
-- `protected`
-- `module_function`
-
-Especially, `module_function` method is not dummy, but no declaration form.
-
-```
-module TestModule
-  module_function
-  def test_func
-    p 'test_func called'
-  end
-
-  test_func
-end
-
-p 'ok'
-```
-
-#### Ruby [ruby 2.5.5p157 (2019-03-15 revision 67260)]
-
-```
-ok
-```
-
-#### mruby [3.1.0 (2022-05-12)]
-
-```
-test.rb:8: undefined method 'test_func' (NoMethodError)
-```
-
 ## `defined?`
 
 The `defined?` keyword is considered too complex to be fully
@@ -170,7 +103,7 @@ alias $a $__a__
 
 #### Ruby [ruby 2.0.0p645 (2015-04-13 revision 50299)]
 
-` nil `
+`nil`
 
 #### mruby [3.1.0 (2022-05-12)]
 
@@ -196,7 +129,7 @@ The re-defined `+` operator does not accept any arguments.
 
 #### mruby [3.1.0 (2022-05-12)]
 
-` 'ab' `
+`'ab'`
 Behavior of the operator wasn't changed.
 
 ## `Kernel#binding` is not supported until [3.0.0 (2021-03-05)]
@@ -205,26 +138,11 @@ Behavior of the operator wasn't changed.
 
 #### Ruby [ruby 2.5.1p57 (2018-03-29 revision 63029)]
 
-```
+```shell
 $ ruby -e 'puts Proc.new {}.binding'
 #<Binding:0x00000e9deabb9950>
 ```
 
-#### mruby [3.0.0 (2021-03-05)]
-
-```
-$ ./bin/mruby -e 'puts Proc.new {}.binding'
-trace (most recent call last):
-        [0] -e:1
--e:1: undefined method 'binding' (NoMethodError)
-```
-
-#### mruby [3.1.0 (2022-05-12)]
-
-`binding` has been supported since 3.1.0.
-
-See also [mrbgems/mruby-binding](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/tree/master/mrbgems/mruby-binding) and [mrbgems/mruby-binding-core](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/tree/master/mrbgems/mruby-binding-core).
-
 ## `nil?` redefinition in conditional expressions
 
 Redefinition of `nil?` is ignored in conditional expressions.
@@ -259,3 +177,39 @@ f(1,[2,3])
 ```
 
 CRuby gives `[1,2,3,nil]`. mruby raises `NoMethodError` for `b`.
+
+Keyword argument expansion has similar restrictions. The following example, gives `[1, 1]` for CRuby, mruby raises `NoMethodError` for `b`.
+
+```ruby
+def g(a: 1, b: a)
+  p [a,b]
+end
+g(a:1)
+```
+
+## No Double Dispatch in Module Loading
+
+To make implementation simpler, mruby does not use double dispatching in module loading (`include`/`prepend`/`extend`).
+Those method internally called corresponding actual load methods (`append_features`/`prepend_features`/`extend_object`).
+But they are rarely overloaded, consumes more memory, and make loading little bit slower. As a Ruby implementation for the smaller device,
+we decided mruby simpler.
+
+```ruby
+module M
+  def self.append_features(mod)
+     p :append
+  end
+end
+
+class C
+  include M
+end
+```
+
+#### Ruby [ruby 3.5.0dev (2025-04-21 85bab61565))]
+
+Prints `:append`.
+
+#### mruby [3.5.0 (2025-04-28)]
+
+Nothing printed (since `include` does not call `append_features` internally).

doc/mruby3.0.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ directory. For examples:
 
 - `default`: the default configuration
 - `host-gprof`: compiles with `gprof` for performance tuning
-- `host-m32`: compiles in gcc 32bit mode on 64bit platforms
+- `host-m32`: compiles in gcc 32-bit mode on 64-bit platforms
 - `boxing`: compiles all three boxing options
 - `clang-asan`: compiles with `clang`'s Address Sanitizer
 
@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ We have ported some new syntax from CRuby.
 ## Renamed for consistency
 
 Some configuration macro names are changed for consistency (use `MRB_USE_XXX`
- or `MRB_NO_XXX`).
+or `MRB_NO_XXX`).
 
-|             mruby2             |          mruby3           |
-|--------------------------------|---------------------------|
+| mruby2                         | mruby3                    |
+| ------------------------------ | ------------------------- |
 | `MRB_ENABLE_ALL_SYMBOLS`       | `MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS`     |
 | `MRB_ENABLE_CXX_ABI`           | `MRB_USE_CXX_ABI`         |
 | `MRB_ENABLE_CXX_EXCEPTION`     | `MRB_USE_CXX_EXCEPTION`   |
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ Some configuration macro names are changed for consistency (use `MRB_USE_XXX`
 - `MRB_USE_FLOAT32` is changed from `MRB_USE_FLOAT` to make sure `float` here
   means using single-precision float, and not the opposite of `MRB_NO_FLOAT`.
 - `MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT` uses `struct` version of `mrb_method_t`. More
-  portable but consumes more memory. Turned on by default on 32bit platforms.
+  portable but consumes more memory. Turned on by default on 32-bit platforms.
 - `MRB_` prefix is added to those without.
 
 ## `MRB_NO_BOXING`
@@ -149,7 +149,8 @@ No more operand extension
 
 ## Changed Instructions
 
-Jump addresses used to be specified by absolute offset from the start of `iseq`. Now they are relative offset from the address of the next instruction.
+Jump addresses used to be specified by absolute offset from the start of `iseq`. Now they are relative offset from the
+address of the next instruction.
 
 ## `Random` now use `xoshiro128++`.
 
@@ -159,4 +160,4 @@ For better and faster random number generation.
 
 Preallocated symbols are interned at compile-time. They can be accessed via symbols macros (e.g. `MRB_SYM()`).
 
-See [Symbols](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/blob/master/doc/guides/symbol.md).
+See [Symbols](guides/symbol.md).

doc/mruby3.1.md

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ We have added several new build configurations in the `build_config` directory.
 - `nintendo_switch.rb`
 - `serenity.rb`
 - `minimal`: minimal configuration
-- `host-f32`: compiles with `mrb_float` as 32 bit `float`
+- `host-f32`: compiles with `mrb_float` as 32-bit `float`
 - `host-nofloat`: compiles with no float configuration
 - `android_arm64_v8a.rb`: renamed from `android_arm64-v8a.rb`
 
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ Method calling instructions are unified. Now `OP_SEND` and `OP_SENDB` (method ca
 
 The brief description of the instructions:
 
-|`OP_SEND`   | BBB | `R[a] = R[a].call(Syms[b],R[a+1..n],R[a+n+1],R[a+n+2]..nk) c=n|nk<<4`                    |
-|`OP_SENDB`  | BBB | `R[a] = R[a].call(Syms[b],R[a+1..n],R[a+n+1..nk],R[a+n+2..nk],&R[a+n+2*nk+2]) c=n|nk<<4` |
+|`OP_SEND` | BBB | `R[a] = R[a].call(Syms[b],R[a+1..n],R[a+n+1],R[a+n+2]..nk) c=n|nk<<4` |
+|`OP_SENDB` | BBB | `R[a] = R[a].call(Syms[b],R[a+1..n],R[a+n+1..nk],R[a+n+2..nk],&R[a+n+2*nk+2]) c=n|nk<<4` |
 
 Operand C specifies the number of arguments. Lower 4 bits (`n`) represents the number of ordinal arguments, and higher 4 bits (`nk`) represents the number of keyword arguments.
 When `n == 15`, the method takes arguments packed in an array. When `nk == 15`, the method takes keyword arguments are packed in a hash.
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ For better and faster hash values.
 
 ---
 
-# Major bug fixes
+# Major bugfixes
 
 - Fix infinite recursive call bugs in integer division [98799aa6](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/98799aa6)
 - Fix to raise TypeError with super inside instance_eval / class_eval [#5476](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5476)
@@ -225,31 +225,31 @@ For better and faster hash values.
 
 Following CVEs are fixed in this release.
 
-- [CVE-2021-4110](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-4110)
-- [CVE-2021-4188](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-4188)
-- [CVE-2022-0080](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0080)
-- [CVE-2022-0240](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0240)
-- [CVE-2022-0326](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0326)
-- [CVE-2022-0481](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0481)
-- [CVE-2022-0631](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0631)
-- [CVE-2022-0632](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0632)
-- [CVE-2022-0890](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0890)
-- [CVE-2022-1071](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1071)
-- [CVE-2022-1106](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1106)
-- [CVE-2022-1201](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1201)
-- [CVE-2022-1427](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1427)
+- [CVE-2021-4110](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-4110)
+- [CVE-2021-4188](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-4188)
+- [CVE-2022-0080](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0080)
+- [CVE-2022-0240](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0240)
+- [CVE-2022-0326](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0326)
+- [CVE-2022-0481](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0481)
+- [CVE-2022-0631](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0631)
+- [CVE-2022-0632](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0632)
+- [CVE-2022-0890](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0890)
+- [CVE-2022-1071](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1071)
+- [CVE-2022-1106](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1106)
+- [CVE-2022-1201](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1201)
+- [CVE-2022-1427](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1427)
 
 ## Unaffected CVEs
 
 Following CVEs do not cause problems in this release. They are fixed in the later release.
 
-- [CVE-2022-0481](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0481)
-- [CVE-2022-0525](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0525)
-- [CVE-2022-0570](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0570)
-- [CVE-2022-0614](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0614)
-- [CVE-2022-0623](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0623)
-- [CVE-2022-0630](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0630)
-- [CVE-2022-0717](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0817)
-- [CVE-2022-1212](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1212)
-- [CVE-2022-1276](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1276)
-- [CVE-2022-1286](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1286)
+- [CVE-2022-0481](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0481)
+- [CVE-2022-0525](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0525)
+- [CVE-2022-0570](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0570)
+- [CVE-2022-0614](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0614)
+- [CVE-2022-0623](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0623)
+- [CVE-2022-0630](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0630)
+- [CVE-2022-0717](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0817)
+- [CVE-2022-1212](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1212)
+- [CVE-2022-1276](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1276)
+- [CVE-2022-1286](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1286)

doc/mruby3.2.md

@@ -32,30 +32,48 @@
 
 ## New bundled gems
 
-- mruby-errno from [https://github.com/iij/mruby-errno.git]
-- mruby-set from [https://github.com/yui-knk/mruby-set.git]
-- mruby-dir from [https://github.com/iij/mruby-dir.git]
+- mruby-errno from <https://github.com/iij/mruby-errno.git>
+- mruby-set from <https://github.com/yui-knk/mruby-set.git>
+- mruby-dir from <https://github.com/iij/mruby-dir.git>
+- mruby-data
+
+# Breaking Changes
+
+## `mrb_vm_run()` may detach top-level local variables referenced from blocks
+
+When the `mrb_vm_run()` function (including `mrb_top_run()`) is called,
+the previous top-level local variables referenced from blocks is detached under either of the following conditions.
+
+- If the `stack_keep` parameter is given as 0.
+- If the number of variables in `irep` to be executed is less than the number of previous top-level local variables.
+
+This change also affects API functions such as `mrb_load_string()` and `mrb_load_file()`.
+The conditions under which the previous top-level local variables referenced from blocks is detached in these functions are as follows:
+
+- If the function has no `mrbc_context` pointer parameter, or the `mrbc_context` pointer parameter is set to `NULL`.
+- If the number of variables held in the `mrbc_context` pointer is less than the number of previous top-level local variables.
+
+Intentional reliance on previous behavior may cause compatibility problems in your application.
 
 # CVEs
 
 Following CVEs are fixed.
 
-- [CVE-2022-0080](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0080)
-- [CVE-2022-0240](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0240)
-- [CVE-2022-0326](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0326)
-- [CVE-2022-0631](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0631)
-- [CVE-2022-0481](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0481)
-- [CVE-2022-0525](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0525)
-- [CVE-2022-0570](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0570)
-- [CVE-2022-0614](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0614)
-- [CVE-2022-0623](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0623)
-- [CVE-2022-0630](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0630)
-- [CVE-2022-0631](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0631)
-- [CVE-2022-0632](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0632)
-- [CVE-2022-0717](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0717)
-- [CVE-2022-0890](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0890)
-- [CVE-2022-1106](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1106)
-- [CVE-2022-1212](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1212)
-- [CVE-2022-1276](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1276)
-- [CVE-2022-1286](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1286)
-- [CVE-2022-1934](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1934)
+- [CVE-2022-0080](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0080)
+- [CVE-2022-0240](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0240)
+- [CVE-2022-0326](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0326)
+- [CVE-2022-0481](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0481)
+- [CVE-2022-0525](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0525)
+- [CVE-2022-0570](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0570)
+- [CVE-2022-0614](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0614)
+- [CVE-2022-0623](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0623)
+- [CVE-2022-0630](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0630)
+- [CVE-2022-0631](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0631)
+- [CVE-2022-0632](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0632)
+- [CVE-2022-0717](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0717)
+- [CVE-2022-0890](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-0890)
+- [CVE-2022-1106](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1106)
+- [CVE-2022-1212](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1212)
+- [CVE-2022-1276](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1276)
+- [CVE-2022-1286](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1286)
+- [CVE-2022-1934](https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-1934)

doc/mruby3.3.md

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+# User visible changes in `mruby3.3` from `mruby3.2`
+
+"**_NOTE_**:" are changes to be aware of.
+
+# The language
+
+- aliases work properly with `super` ([2ad3f0e](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/2ad3f0e))
+- `callee` method work differently with aliases in mruby ([f2dc76e](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/f2dc76e))
+- define `Kernel#respond_to_missing?` method ([347586e](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/347586e))
+- `_inspect` method (`inspect` with recursive check) is removed
+  ([e2bbf75](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/e2bbf75), [5cb0c74](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/5cb0c74), [113565a](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/113565a),
+  [0713f2a](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/0713f2a), [6ae6b63](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/6ae6b63), [fc9fffc](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/fc9fffc))
+- `__printstr__` method is removed; use `print` instead
+  ([acecee0](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/acecee0), [192e6e3](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/192e6e3))
+- New method `String#bytesplice` ([5274647](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/5274647), [a2e2e83](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/a2e2e83))
+- Allow `return` in blocks to cross C boundaries ([#6125](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6125))
+
+# Configuration
+
+- mruby can be built using Docker now. Try `docker-compose build` for example. ([#5961](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5961))
+- New Platform: DJGPP (MS-DOS) ([#6022](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6022))
+- New Platform: Nintendo Wii ([#6086](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6086))
+- Improved Platform: Android ([#6013](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6013))
+- Improved Platform: Dreamcast ([#6130](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6130))
+- Allow tests to be disabled for specific gems; warn about disabled tests ([#6012](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6012))
+- Replace `MRB_NO_DIRECT_THREADING` with `MRB_USE_VM_SWITCH_DISPATCH` ([#5902](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5902))
+
+# mruby memory API
+
+- `mrb_default_allocf` can be overridden by the application ([34c5d96](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/34c5d96))
+- `mrb_open_allocf` will be deprecated ([cfee5c2](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/cfee5c2))
+
+# Changes in C API
+
+- add new error handling API functions ([8c8bbd9](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/8c8bbd9))
+- Add `mrb_vm_ci_env_clear()` function with `MRB_API` ([#5945](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5945))
+- a new function `mrb_check_frozen_value()` ([ccdf75c](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/ccdf75c))
+- avoid formatting in `mrb_bug()` ([82a48bd](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/82a48bd)) <br>
+  **_NOTE_**: If you are using it, you must give a simple string or replace it with a call to `mrb_raise()` series.
+- stop using `mrbc_` prefix for compiler context ([c5e3cbe](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/c5e3cbe)) <br>
+  The same names are provided as before, but we recommend replacing them.
+- Allow `Class#allocate` to be prohibited
+  ([#5979](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5979), [#6122](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6122), [#6123](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6123)) <br>
+  To disable `#allocate`, use `MRB_UNDEF_ALLOCATOR()`.
+  This is also automatically applied when the subclass is created, but to explicitly allow it, use `MRB_DEFINE_ALLOCATOR()`.
+
+# Changes in mrbgems
+
+- **default.gembox**: Add mruby debugger mrdb (`mruby-bin-debugger`) ([#5966](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5966))
+- **mruby-bin-config**: new options `--cxx`, `--cxxflags`, `--as`, `--asflags`, `--objc`, `--objcflags` ([#6054](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6054))
+- **mruby-binding**: renamed from `mruby-binding-core` of mruby3.2 ([11af5db](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/11af5db)) <br>
+  **_NOTE_**: If using `mruby-binding-core` of mruby 3.2, replace it with `mruby-binding`.
+- **mruby-binding**: implemented `Binding#initialize_copy` method ([#5517](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5517))
+- **mruby-binding**: `Kernel#binding` responds only to calls from Ruby ([#5981](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5981))
+- **mruby-compar-ext**: Comparable#clamp to accept nil as arguments ([836bebc](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/836bebc))
+- **mruby-compiler**: add print name for identifier tokens ([d7b2e3a](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/d7b2e3a))
+- **mruby-data**: allow empty Data ([927a9df](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/927a9df))
+- **mruby-enumerator**: remove internal attribute methods `obj`, `args`, `kwd`, `meth`, `fib`. ([735fa24](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/735fa24))
+- **mruby-enumerator**: add Enumerator#size ([861f8bd](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/861f8bd))
+- **mruby-eval**: merged `mruby-binding` of mruby3.2 ([501b22a](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/501b22a), [#5989](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5989)) <br>
+  **_NOTE_**: If using `mruby-binding` of mruby 3.2, replace it with `mruby-eval`.
+- **mruby-fiber**: Add a new `mrb_fiber_new()` with `MRB_API` ([#6097](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6097))
+- **mruby-fiber**: Allows calling `Fiber#resume` from C ([#6106](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6106))
+- **mruby-fiber**: `Fiber#to_s` format changed ([#6105](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6105))
+- **mruby-io**: add File#atime and File#ctime ([321cfe9](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/321cfe9))
+- **mruby-io**: Add "x" mode option for `IO.open` ([#6081](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6081))
+- **mruby-io**: File.new should not take blocks ([53de964](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/53de964))
+- **mruby-method**: `Method#to_s` format changed ([f5bc82f](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/f5bc82f), [02f189c](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/02f189c))
+- **mruby-numeric-ext**: `int.pow(n,m)` to take bigint as exponential ([d482eab](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/d482eab))
+- **mruby-pack**: support new directives `j`, `J`, `b`, `B`, `#`
+  ([2a1e3a5](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/2a1e3a5), [e7021f1](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/e7021f1), [e17f325](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/e17f325))
+- **mruby-range-ext**: new method `Range#overlap?` ([384d0e2](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/384d0e2))
+- **mruby-string-ext**: Add `String#valid_encoding?` method ([eabe2d9](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/eabe2d9))
+- **mruby-struct**: allow empty Struct when a name is not given ([c212ede](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/c212ede))
+- **mruby-time**: should allow year before 1900 ([e5de08b](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/e5de08b))
+- **mruby-time**: support bigint to time_t if necessary ([7096d27](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/7096d27))
+- **mruby-time**: need to handle negative time_t ([b064d7e](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/b064d7e))
+
+# Changes in build system
+
+- Extended `rake install` task ([#5928](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5928)) <br>
+  **_NOTE_**: Due to this impact, executable files in the `mruby/bin/` directory by default are now symbolic links (batch files on Windows).
+  If previously relied on those executables, should be replaced with direct references to the entity created under the build directory (e.g. `mruby/build/host/bin/`).
+- Encode and decode escape characters for presym ([#6011](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6011))
+- Rakefile: remove default build target directories in `deep_clean` ([#6032](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6032), [1e38569](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/1e38569))
+
+# Other breaking changes
+
+- `mrb_f_raise()` is now an internal function
+  ([#5923](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5923), [#6070](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6070))
+- `mrb_make_exception()` is now an internal function with different parameters
+  ([431f83e](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/431f83e), [78137f3](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/78137f3))
+- The `File#path` method no longer uses the `#to_path` method for implicit conversion
+  ([d86c4a7](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/d86c4a7))
+- stop mrb isolation for each test file ([a20fbe5](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/a20fbe5))
+- RBreak remembers the CI location ([#6103](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6103))
+
+# Bugs Fixed
+
+- [#5724](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/5724) Rational#\*\* is missing
+- [#5725](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/5725) weird const_missing exceptions in mrblib code
+- [#5789](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/5789) No memory release of backtrace information due to stack error
+- [#5932](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/5932) How to create a block using the C API? mrb_yield keeps crashing!
+- [#5943](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/5943) TCPSocket#write is failed
+- [#5944](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/5944) Behavior of calling method with a hash variable
+- [#5946](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5946) Don't switch constant search path from modules to Object
+- [#5949](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/5949) Caller appears to report wrong line when block passed and brackets omitted
+- [0906cd7](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/0906cd7) numeric.c: fix rounding function issues with big numbers
+- [#5974](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/5974) Invalid escape sequences in gem_init.c on windows
+- [#5975](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/5975) Equals comparison fails on extreme ends of 64-bit integers
+- [#5985](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/5985) Sign extension with OP_LOADI32 in get_int_operand()
+- [#5986](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/5986) Fix bugs in String#bytesplice
+- [#5987](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/5987) ~(-1 << 64) is incorrect
+- [#5991](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/5991) 'gets' method not working in mruby-3.2.0
+- [#5994](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5994) fix typo in mrbgems/mruby-io/src/io.c
+- [#5995](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/5995) One seemingly unnecessary parameter is passed in the block parameters
+- [#6008](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6008) Make "bintest" independent of directory
+- [b47c8b7](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/b47c8b7) gc.c (clear_all_old): fix a generational GC bug
+- [#6029](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6029) mruby build fails under mrbgems directory
+- [a264965](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/a264965) mruby-os-memsize/memsize.c: fix irep size calculation
+- [3310e10](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/3310e10) mruby-test/mrbgem.rake: fix mrb_state handling bug
+- [#6041](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6041) GC Performance may have degraded
+- [#6044](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6044) Generated presym/table.h contains invalid characters
+- [#6051](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6051) Null pointer dereference in mrb_addrinfo_unix_path
+- [#6052](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6052) Null pointer dereference while handling the Proc class
+- [#6055](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6055) Fix libmruby name for VisualC++
+- [#6060](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6060) SEGFAULT Issue Related to Fiber Usage in ngx_mruby Development
+- [#6061](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6061) Performance issue in String#codepoints
+- [#6064](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6064) MRUBY_PACKAGE_DIR does not always have a value.
+- [#6065](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6065) Null pointer dereference while handling the Proc class
+- [#6066](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6066) Null pointer dereference involving Struct.new()
+- [#6067](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6067) Null pointer dereference in mrb_string_value_cstr
+- [#6068](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6068) Stack overflow in mrb_vm_exec
+- [#6076](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6076) Fixed unwinding block that could point to invalid PC
+- [#6084](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6084) Incorrect symbolic sinks in binary built on Linux
+- [#6087](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6087) 'Remote branch HEAD not found in upstream origin' error on build
+- [#6089](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6089) binding.eval() handles def expressions differently from CRuby
+- [#6098](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6098) Fails to call superclass of wrapped method
+- [#6099](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6099) `ensure` section is not executed if the function exits via a return in a proc
+- [#6108](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6108) VM crashes with break
+- [#6118](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6118) Fixed IO#read with buf
+- [#6120](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6120) Set EBADF if check_file_descriptor() fails
+- [#6126](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6126) Fixed return value of `OP_RETURN_BLK` called directly under C function
+- [#6134](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6134) String#unpack1 returns an array instead of a single string
+- [#6136](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6136) Fixed when combined `mrb_fiber_resume()` and `Fiber#transfer`
+
+# Pull Requests (User Visible Ones)
+
+- [#5517](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5517) Fixed local variables not separated between copied binding objects
+- [#5902](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5902) Replace `MRB_NO_DIRECT_THREADING` with `MRB_USE_VM_SWITCH_DISPATCH`
+- [#5923](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5923) Demotion `mrb_f_raise()` from `MRB_API`
+- [#5928](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5928) Improved `rake install`
+- [#5945](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5945) Avoid exposure for `REnv` objects
+- [#5946](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5946) Don't switch constant search path from modules to Object
+- [#5966](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5966) Update default.gembox add mruby debugger mrdb
+- [#5979](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5979) Allow Class#allocate to be prohibited
+- [#5981](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5981) `Kernel#binding` responds only to calls from Ruby
+- [#5989](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5989) Integrate mruby-binding-eval into mruby-eval
+- [#5961](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5961) Add Docker to build and run all mruby tests. Run pre-commit and generate YARD docs with Docker
+- [#5994](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/5994) fix typo in mrbgems/mruby-io/src/io.c
+- [#6008](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6008) Make "bintest" independent of directory
+- [#6009](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6009) Avoid adding <MRUBY_ROOT>/bintest which does not exist
+- [#6011](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6011) Encode and decode escape characters for presym
+- [#6012](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6012) Allow tests to be disabled for specific gems; warn about disabled tests
+- [#6013](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6013) Fix Android toolchain
+- [#6022](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6022) Build configuration for MS-DOS and DJGPP
+- [#6032](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6032) Rake: update task clean to remove bin and build folders
+- [#6045](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6045) Fixes escape sequence bug and enhancements in Presym scanning
+- [#6054](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6054) Extends `bin/mruby-config`
+- [#6055](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6055) Fix libmruby name for VisualC++
+- [#6070](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6070) Demotion mrb_f_raise() in kernel.c from MRB_API too
+- [#6076](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6076) Fixed unwinding block that could point to invalid PC
+- [#6081](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6081) Add "x" mode option for IO.open
+- [#6086](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6086) Add build config for Nintendo Wii
+- [#6097](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6097) Add a new mrb_fiber_new() with MRB_API
+- [#6103](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6103) RBreak remembers the CI location
+- [#6105](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6105) Implement `Fiber#to_s` method
+- [#6106](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6106) Ease fiber limitations
+- [#6118](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6118) Fixed IO#read with buf
+- [#6120](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6120) Set EBADF if check_file_descriptor() fails
+- [#6122](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6122) Prohibit `Class#allocate` in a different way
+- [#6123](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6123) Inherit `MRB_FL_UNDEF_ALLOCATE` in subclasses
+- [#6125](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6125) Allow `OP_RETURN_BLK` to cross C boundaries
+- [#6126](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6126) Fixed return value of `OP_RETURN_BLK` called directly under C function
+- [#6130](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6130) `dreamcast_shelf build config`: complete overhaul
+- [#6136](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6136) Fixed when combined `mrb_fiber_resume()` and `Fiber#transfer`

doc/mruby3.4.md

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+# User visible changes in `mruby3.4` from `mruby3.3`
+
+"**_NOTE_**:" are changes to be aware of.
+
+# The language
+
+- mruby now supports `private` and `protected` visibility ([b0db0bd](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/b0db0bd))
+- Maximum length of inlined symbols reduced from 5 to 4 characters to provide space for visibility flags ([6442a01](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/6442a01))
+- Many methods are made private according to CRuby visibility ([4a0e806](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/4a0e806))
+- Generate OP_SSEND for `self.method` type calls ([111fe4b](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/111fe4b))
+- `initialize` method will be always private ([eb8b412](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/eb8b412))
+- Add new hooks `method_removed`, `method_undefined` ([9c74f6e](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/9c74f6e))
+- Add new hooks `singleton_method_removed`, `singleton_method_undefined` ([0863c08](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/0863c08))
+- Updated `OP_DEF` output from codedump ([3a3e877](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/3a3e877))
+- Better handling of binary strings, e.g. String#b ([b0127f0](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/b0127f0))
+- Hash `to_s` format has changed ([baeeb5e](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/baeeb5e))
+- Some encoding related method such as `#force_encoding` ([e47b4ca](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/e47b4ca)), `#b` ([b0127f0](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/b0127f0))
+- Constant folding for `String#+` ([6687bdd](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/6687bdd))
+- Remove Float bit-operation ([db8368f](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/db8368f))
+- use SWAR technique for strlen performance ([cbb31e6](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/cbb31e6))
+- use merge sort for `Array#sort` ([5bd63d6](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/5bd63d6))
+
+# Changes in C API
+
+- pool.c renamed to mempool.c (and mrb_pool to mrb_mempool) ([49525fa](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/49525fa))
+- mrb_pool_value renamed to mrb_irep_pool to reduce confusion ([62ef5db](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/62ef5db))
+- rename BOXNIX_SET_VALUE to BOXNO_SET_VALUE ([#6397](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6397))
+- `MRB_FROZEN_P()` is replaced by `mrb_frozen_p()` ([c11d18e](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/c11d18e))
+- rename `color` to `gc_color` ([0e79f6b](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/0e79f6b), [1e36d76](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/1e36d76))
+- add `obj->frozen` instead of flags `MRB_SET_FROZEN_FLAG`/`MRB_UNSET_FROZEN_FLAG` ([8276143](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/8276143))
+
+# Build & Configuration
+
+- New Build Target: `test:run:serial`, `test:run:serial:lib`, `test:run:serial:bin` ([#6423](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6423))
+- New Platform: PlayStation Portable ([#6022](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6465))
+- New Platform: emscripten ([#6487](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6487))
+- New Config: no-float (with MRB_NO_FLOAT) ([32200f1](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/32200f1))
+
+# Changes in mrbgems
+
+- **mruby-print**: removed; if you do not use `mruby-io`, mruby use `#print` etc. in the core ([8c8bbd9](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/8c8bbd9))
+- **mruby-enum-lazy**: Add Enumerable::Lazy#grep_v to mruby-enum-lazy ([#6171](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6171))
+- **mruby-io**: Add `level` argument to `File.dirname` ([#6463](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6463))
+- **mruby-io**: File.absolute_path? ([#6482](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6482))
+- **mruby-io**: File.absolute_path ([96113a2](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/96113a2))
+- **mruby-toplevel-ext**: top-level public/private/protected moved to the core ([2a876d2](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/2a876d2))
+- **mruby-metaprog**: method list methods now works according to the visibility ([9229da1](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/9229da1))
+- **mruby-metaprog**: `public_instance_methods`, `private_instance_methods`, `protected_instance_methods` ([9e3e7b2](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/9e3e7b2))
+- **mruby-encoding**: MRB_UTF8_STRING turned on automatically with this gem ([74bdae9](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/commit/74bdae9))
+
+# Fixed GitHub Issues
+
+- [#6173](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6173) Fails to build with tcc(Tiny C Compiler)
+- [#6156](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6156) '/LIBPATH' issue
+- [#6183](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6183) ".e".to_f returns NAN
+- [#6182](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6182) mrb_read_float() converts "0.3" with a small error compared to strtod()
+- [#6210](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6210) Unary minus seems broken
+- [#6255](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6255) Wrong number of characters in broken UTF-8 string
+- [#4038](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/4038) Heap buffer overflow in OP_ENTER
+- [#6262](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6262) Unable to define == for objects when using Array#delete
+- [#6267](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6267) When MRB_UTF8_STRING is enabled, giving byte characters for String#index and String#split gives wrong results
+- [#6277](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6277) MSVC: can't use malloc() in string.c with WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+- [#6240](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6240) Differentiate between lib and lib64 in the build settings.
+- [#6304](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6304) Calling method_missing with only Kwargs passes arguments incorrectly
+- [#6317](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6317) mrb_gc_register() may cause GC and collect the object being protected
+- [#6307](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6307) Planned change patch for mrb_vm_exec()
+- [#6298](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6298) foo :bar {} is legal in mruby?
+- [#6326](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6326) Detect “Use-after-free” with address sanitizer
+- [#5358](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/5358) static warning from getpwnam
+- [#6339](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6339) mrb_ary_delete() may refer to an invalid address (use-after-free)
+- [#6346](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6346) Block kwargs are passed as last positional arg when using yield
+- [#6365](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6365) powl() not available when compiling for Dreamcast
+- [#6369](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6369) 100x Performance Regression from 3.1
+- [#6270](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6270) NODE_ZSUPER from deeply nested blocks will result in a truncated digits for block index in OP_ARGARY
+- [#6297](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6297) Assigning to a block variable changes the actual block (thus affecting block_given? and yield)
+- [#6389](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6389) instance_exec named block args don't work properly
+- [#6388](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6388) Recent commit broke my windows build
+- [#6411](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6411) Wrong function unwinding when using return in a block
+- [#6439](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6439) OP_JMPUW does not call the ensure block when it jumps to the beginning of the begin block
+- [#6441](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6441) break inside while loop will execute the ensure block outside of the while loop
+- [#6453](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6453) Bigint: incorrect behavior of ^ operator
+- [#6452](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6452) Bigint: weird mod behavior
+- [#6451](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6451) Bigint: incorrect division behavior
+- [#6456](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6456) bigint: bug with division of a small number by a bigint
+- [#6466](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6466) mruby-bin-mruby using Kernel#p and Kernel#print in bintest fails test
+- [#6467](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6467) Heap-Use-After-Free due to Recursive group_by Calls
+- [#6471](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6471) Discrepancy in codegen for binary operations between master branch and 3.3.0
+- [#6477](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6477) heap-buffer-overflow in mrb_vm_exec
+- [#6485](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6485) Hash#rehash does not check if the hash is frozen
+- [#6483](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6483) Hash#default_proc= accepts arbitrary objects that are not callable
+- [#6491](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/issues/6491) Destroy existing string literals when composing string literals
+
+# Merged Pull Requests (User Visible Ones)
+
+- [#6171](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6171) Add Enumerable::Lazy#grep_v to mruby-enum-lazy
+- [#6174](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6174) Fix MRUBY_PACKAGE_DIR in mruby-config.bat
+- [#6175](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6175) Corrected strange conditional in mrb_vm_run()
+- [#6176](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6176) Stop assuming alias proc in CI_PROC_SET()
+- [#6177](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6177) gha: add macOS 14 to the build
+- [#6184](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6184) Remove the L_STOP label
+- [#6185](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6185) Added mrb_callinfo::u.keep_context for clarity
+- [#6186](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6186) Omit NULL check of e->cxt in OP_RETURN_BLK
+- [#6191](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6191) Speed up symbol equality comparison
+- [#6192](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6192) Fix `OP_STOP` with exception
+- [#6193](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6193) Fix wrong assertion in `OP_SENDB`.
+- [#6194](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6194) Simplify the calculation of the number of closures in `MRB_TT_FIBER`
+- [#6197](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6197) Fix int_xor to call flo_xor.
+- [#6201](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6201) tasks/doc.rake: standardize the `rake doc` error messages
+- [#6202](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6202) Remove the `.yardoc` folder with `rake doc:clean:api`
+- [#6204](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6204) Clean up the `.editorconfig` file
+- [#6209](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6209) Minor `.gitignore` clean up
+- [#6211](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6211) Minor `.gitignore` clean up; order entries
+- [#6216](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6216) Shared empty `iv_tbl` of module
+- [#6217](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6217) Strict declaration for `mrb_istruct_size()`
+- [#6219](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6219) Avoid assigning a fixed value in the loop
+- [#6220](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6220) Reorganize `mrb_cache_entry` and `mrb_method_t` types
+- [#6221](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6221) Arranging `each_backtrace()`
+- [#6222](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6222) Need to synchronize `dbg->regs` after VM call in `mrdb`
+- [#6224](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6224) `mrb_env_unshare()` to break the link to fiber
+- [#6225](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6225) Revert "Adjust environment when `mrb_exec_irep` happened."
+- [#6227](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6227) fix: `Array#shuffle(!)` result distribution
+- [#6228](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6228) Revert "`env` referred from top-level callinfo should not be unshared; fix #4019"
+- [#6230](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6230) Fix status of fiber after switched by exception raised
+- [#6231](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6231) Add a way to let other gems handle closing of fds in mruby-io
+- [#6232](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6232) Fold the code for freeing `env`
+- [#6233](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6233) Free stack memory at end of fiber
+- [#6235](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6235) fix `Array#delete` always firing the block when deleting `nil`
+- [#6236](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6236) unify the code for filter methods (and speed up `#reject!`)
+- [#6237](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6237) Stricter env objects to attach to ci
+- [#6238](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6238) Minimize zero initialization of the stack
+- [#6243](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6243) Fixed base64 decoding in `mruby-pack`
+- [#6244](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6244) Revise scope of role of `mrb_vm_run()`
+- [#6246](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6246) Fix typo in `test/t/hash.rb`
+- [#6249](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6249) Fix spelling in `src/vm.c`
+- [#6250](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6250) Fix spelling
+- [#6251](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6251) Clean up root move `CODEOWNERS` to `.github` directory
+- [#6253](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6253) Allow recycling fibers by GC if not referenced directly
+- [#6256](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6256) Update documentation for `mrb_top_run()`
+- [#6257](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6257) fix some mrbconf.md typos
+- [#6260](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6260) Remove `exc_caught` from `mrb_vm_exec()`
+- [#6261](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6261) fix: `to_a` integer ranges with `begin > end` failing
+- [#6263](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6263) fix: `Array#delete` mistakenly calling block even if not passed
+- [#6264](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6264) Must pass keyword arguments for `Kernel#to_enum`
+- [#6265](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6265) Fixes `Dir.children` and `Dir.each_child`
+- [#6266](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6266) Passes the nonexistent key as a block argument in `Array#delete`
+- [#6273](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6273) Improvements to `mrb_protect_atexit()`
+- [#6275](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6275) Fixed `Binding#eval` that failed to assign to the same variable
+- [#6276](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6276) Always run `atexit` on the top-level call frame
+- [#6279](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6279) Include headers for malloc() explicitly; fix #6277
+- [#6280](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6280) Remove `MRB_ENV_CLOSED` flag
+- [#6281](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6281) Fixes local variables in `mruby-binding`.
+- [#6283](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6283) Simplify `uvenv()`
+- [#6288](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6288) Detach `env` of ci explicitly on atexit
+- [#6289](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6289) Simplify `OP_RETURN_BLK` and `OP_BREAK`
+- [#6290](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6290) Allow to change the output directory name of the `libmruby` file
+- [#6293](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6293) Changed the instruction table in `opcode.md`
+- [#6294](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6294) Optimise `mrb_iv_get`
+- [#6302](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6302) Minor cleanup in mrb_str_init
+- [#6303](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6303) mrb_str_aset_m() should return replace instead of str
+- [#6305](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6305) Protect keyword arguments in `prepare_missing()`
+- [#6308](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6308) Assume that `MRB_CATCH()` has `mrb->exc` set
+- [#6310](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6310) Doubling the call stack when extending it
+- [#6311](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6311) Added fast-path for positional arguments less than 15 in `OP_SEND`
+- [#6312](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6312) Omit error checking at `OP_RETURN`, `OP_RETURN_BLK` and `OP_BREAK`
+- [#6313](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6313) Fix wrong column number in opcode.md
+- [#6314](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6314) Optimize even?/odd? for big integers
+- [#6318](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6318) Shrink variables in `mrb_vm_exec()`
+- [#6320](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6320) Shrinking the code in `OP_BREAK` and `OP_RETURN_BLK`
+- [#6321](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6321) Avoid warnings in `lib/**/*.rb`
+- [#6322](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6322) Fix mrb_ro_data_p on Intel Mac
+- [#6324](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6324) Remove `localjump_error()`
+- [#6327](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6327) fix ncurses linking issues
+- [#6328](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6328) Fix use-after-free in `obj_free()` for env objects
+- [#6329](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6329) Fix use-after-free in `mrb_obj_alloc()`
+- [#6330](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6330) Add a precondition to call `mrb_env_unshare()`.
+- [#6331](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6331) Restore the GC arena with tests
+- [#6332](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6332) Must not depend on the “host” build to generate `mruby-compiler/core/y.tab.c`
+- [#6333](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6333) Reduce the number of branch instructions in the `heap_p()`
+- [#6335](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6335) Add `return_ci` in `CHECKPOINT_MAIN()` of `OP_RETURN`
+- [#6338](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6338) Need to place static proc objects into 8-byte alignments
+- [#6340](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6340) Fix use-after-free for `Array#<=>`
+- [#6341](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6341) Need to restore the GC arena after some function calls
+- [#6344](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6344) prefer using `mrb_yield` to call block arguments
+- [#6347](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6347) codegen.c,parse.y: remove flattening of `yield` arguments; fix #6346
+- [#6348](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6348) Cancel the warning disablement
+- [#6349](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6349) Perform GC before deleting directories
+- [#6350](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6350) Fixed character encoding conversion function mismatch
+- [#6351](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6351) Remove unnecessary `mrb_gc_arena_restore()`
+- [#6353](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6353) Fix use-after-free in `mrb_ary_delete()`
+- [#6356](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6356) Making splat argument objects invisible from Ruby side
+- [#6373](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6373) Add build config for Milk-V Duo (RISC-V Linux) board
+- [#6382](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6382) Make array objects invisible in `mrb_gc_register()`
+- [#6385](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6385) Small improvements for `mrb_gc_register()`
+- [#6386](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6386) Avoid calling `mrb_gv_set()` from `mrb_gc_unregister()`
+- [#6387](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6387) Small improvements for `mrb_gc_unregister()`
+- [#6390](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6390) Fix use-after-free by `mrb_gc_unregistor()`
+- [#6391](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6391) Fixed argument forwarding in `instance_exec`
+- [#6392](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6392) Fix argument forwarding in `mrb_exec_irep()`
+- [#6393](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6393) Follow-up to #6391
+- [#6395](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6395) Storing method-id inside Symbol#to_proc
+- [#6396](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6396) Milk-V Build Config: update GPIO gem URL
+- [#6397](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6397) boxing_no.h: rename BOXNIX_SET_VALUE -> BOXNO_SET_VALUE
+- [#6399](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6399) Add macOS 15 to the build
+- [#6405](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6405) `io_read`: use `%i` instead of `%d` in call to `mrb_raisef`
+- [#6407](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6407) Allow to exclude specific files in `rake install`
+- [#6408](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6408) Improve compliance with C++ standards
+- [#6410](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6410) Put `#include <stdlib.h>` in `parse.y`
+- [#6412](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6412) Distinguish the call frame of the generator with `OP_RETURN_BLK`
+- [#6413](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6413) Add links to documentation in `README.md`
+- [#6415](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6415) Fix numbered parameters when used as a singleton
+- [#6416](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6416) Optimize the "new" method's iseq
+- [#6419](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6419) Follow Ruby's behavior for numbered parameters in -> {}
+- [#6420](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6420) Update `labeler.yml`: add label for the `tools` directory
+- [#6422](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6422) Add annotations for function names defined in the preprocessor
+- [#6423](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6423) Adding a serialized test task
+- [#6427](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6427) Need to update `ci` variable after re-entry to VM
+- [#6428](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6428) Change the limits of OP_ADDI and OP_SUBI from 0-127 to 0-255.
+- [#6429](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6429) Fix numbered parameters when used as hash keys
+- [#6432](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6432) Moving code in macro arguments out of macros
+- [#6434](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6434) Added document "Layout of the mruby filesystem"
+- [#6436](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6436) Make `rake doc:update-index` prettier friendly
+- [#6437](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6437) Add more details to the pre-commit config
+- [#6438](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6438) Remove unused `MRuby::Build#list_install_excludes` method
+- [#6440](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6440) Fix `redo` keyword
+- [#6442](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6442) Fixed wrong range condition in `OP_JMPUW`
+- [#6443](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6443) Fix NODE_NEGATE for bigints
+- [#6444](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6444) Add test cases for bigints
+- [#6446](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6446) Omit the `_WIN64` definition check
+- [#6447](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6447) Fixed `File.expand_path`
+- [#6448](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6448) Suppress presym in `mruby/ext/io.h` file
+- [#6449](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6449) Using presym in the `mruby-io/src/file_test.c` file
+- [#6450](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6450) Change `MRB_WITH_IO_PREAD_PWRITE` configuration name
+- [#6454](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6454) mruby-bigint: handle rhs bigint in int_mod and int_divmod functions
+- [#6455](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6455) mruby-bigint: fix rounding behavior in mpz_mdiv and mpz_mdivmod functions
+- [#6457](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6457) bigint: fix bug with division of a small number by a bigint
+- [#6459](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6459) `FileTest` is a module
+- [#6461](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6461) To create a release package file in draft
+- [#6462](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6462) Properly cast the return value of `memchr()`
+- [#6463](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6463) Add `level` argument to `File.dirname`
+- [#6465](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6465) Add initial PlayStation portable crossbuild support
+- [#6468](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6468) Fixed missing changes to `IB_FIND_BY_KEY()` parameter names
+- [#6469](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6469) Add more `const` qualifier for `RProc`
+- [#6472](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6472) Moved tests for `Integer#quo`
+- [#6473](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6473) Hide `mpz_and()` symbol
+- [#6473](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6473) Hide mpz_and() symbol
+- [#6474](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6474) Avoid array object creation with “unknown keyword” error
+- [#6475](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6475) Don't include deleted mruby-print
+- [#6478](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6478) Fixed buffer overrun in function `chars2bytes()`
+- [#6479](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6479) Reimplementation of `File.expand_path` method
+- [#6482](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6482) Add `File.absolute_path?` method
+- [#6487](https://github.com/mruby/mruby/pull/6487) Add Emscripten toolchain & build_config

docker-compose.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+version: "3.8"
+services:
+  test:
+    build:
+      context: .
+    command: sh -c 'rake deep_clean && rake -m test:run:serial'
+    environment:
+      - MRUBY_CONFIG=ci/gcc-clang
+      - CC=gcc
+      - CXX=g++
+      - LD=gcc
+      - SKIP=check-executables-have-shebangs
+    working_dir: /app

examples/mrbgems/cdata_extension_example/src/example.c

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ mrb_foo_get_bar(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
   struct Foo *f;
 
   f = (struct Foo*)mrb_data_get_ptr(mrb, self, &mrb_foo_type);
-  if(f == NULL) {
+  if (f == NULL) {
     mrb_raise(mrb, E_RUNTIME_ERROR, "uninitialized data");
   }
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ mrb_foo_set_bar(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self)
   int v;
 
   f = (struct Foo*)mrb_data_get_ptr(mrb, self, &mrb_foo_type);
-  if(f == NULL) {
+  if (f == NULL) {
     mrb_raise(mrb, E_RUNTIME_ERROR, "uninitialized data");
   }
 

examples/mrbgems/mruby-YOUR-bigint/TODO-HINT.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ The file structure in this example is as follows:
 +- mruby-YOUR-bigint/   <-  Make this directory public if necessary.
     |                       Change the name of copied directory.
     |
-    +- TODO-HINT.md     <-  This file is currently viewing by you.
+    +- TODO-HINT.md     <-  You are currently viewing this file.
     |                       Remove this from copied directory.
     |
     +- core/
@@ -21,19 +21,19 @@ The file structure in this example is as follows:
                             May be depended on by other GEMs.
 ```
 
-Implementors of own bigints should copy below this directory to another directory and do the following:
+Implementers of their own bigints should copy below this directory to another directory and do the following:
 
-- Rewrite `spec.author`, `spec.license`, `spec.homepage` and `spec.summary` in `<gem-dir>/mrbgem.rake` file to those of your own implementors.
+- Rewrite `spec.author`, `spec.license`, `spec.homepage` and `spec.summary` in `<gem-dir>/mrbgem.rake` file to those of your own implementers.
 - Implement the respective functions in `<gem-dir>/core/bigint.c`.
   - Define and use an object structure for `MRB_TT_BIGINT` type-tag.
-    It is recommended to use `mrb_static_assert_object_size()` to ensure that the size of the object structure is within 6 words.
+    It is recommended to use `mrb_static_assert_object_size()` to ensure that the size of the object structure is within six words.
 - Delete this file from the destination of the copy.
 
 If you wish to use it as an alternative to the `mruby-bigint` provided by mruby, please leave the GEM name in `<gem-dir>/mrbgem.rake` as it is.
 This is an important factor when it is depended from other GEMs with `spec.add_dependency 'mruby-bigint'`.
 
-The name of the top directory of GEM can be changed arbitrarily.
-The name of the git repository can also be changed arbitrarily.
+The name of the top directory of the GEM can be changed arbitrarily.
+The name of the Git repository can also be changed arbitrarily.
 
-Note that there is no need for an initialization function as there is in normal GEM.
+Note that there is no need for an initialization function as there is in a normal GEM.
 If you need it, create a file `<gem-dir>/src/bigint.c` for example, and implement the `mrb_mruby_bigint_gem_init()` function.

examples/mrbgems/ruby_extension_example/mrbgem.rake

@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@ MRuby::Gem::Specification.new('ruby_extension_example') do |spec|
   # Add libraries
   # spec.linker.libraries << 'external_lib'
 
-  spec.add_dependency('mruby-print', :core => 'mruby-print')
-
   # Default build files
   # spec.rbfiles = Dir.glob("#{dir}/mrblib/*.rb")
   # spec.objs = Dir.glob("#{dir}/src/*.{c,cpp,m,asm,S}").map { |f| objfile(f.relative_path_from(dir).pathmap("#{build_dir}/%X")) }

include/mrbconf.h

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #if defined(MRB_32BIT) && defined(MRB_64BIT)
-#error Cannot build for 32 and 64 bit architecture at the same time
+#error Cannot build for 32 and 64-bit architecture at the same time
 #endif
 
 /* configuration options: */
@@ -42,22 +42,6 @@
 #error Cannot define MRB_USE_FLOAT32 and MRB_NO_FLOAT at the same time
 #endif
 
-/* add -DMRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE to disable method cache to save memory */
-//#define MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
-/* size of the method cache (need to be the power of 2) */
-//#define MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE (1<<8)
-//#define MRB_USE_INLINE_METHOD_CACHE
-
-/* add -DMRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT on machines that use higher bits of function pointers */
-/* no MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT requires highest 2 bits of function pointers to be zero */
-#ifndef MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
-  // can't use highest 2 bits of function pointers at least on 32bit
-  // Windows and 32bit Linux.
-# ifdef MRB_32BIT
-#   define MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
-# endif
-#endif
-
 /* define on big endian machines; used by MRB_NAN_BOXING, etc. */
 #ifndef MRB_ENDIAN_BIG
 # if (defined(BYTE_ORDER) && defined(BIG_ENDIAN) && BYTE_ORDER == BIG_ENDIAN) || \
@@ -83,21 +67,21 @@
 /* if defined mruby allocates Float objects in the heap to keep full precision if needed */
 //#define MRB_WORDBOX_NO_FLOAT_TRUNCATE
 
-/* add -DMRB_INT32 to use 32bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT64;
+/* add -DMRB_INT32 to use 32-bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT64;
    Default for 32-bit CPU mode. */
 //#define MRB_INT32
 
-/* add -DMRB_INT64 to use 64bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT32;
+/* add -DMRB_INT64 to use 64-bit integer for mrb_int; conflict with MRB_INT32;
    Default for 64-bit CPU mode (unless using MRB_NAN_BOXING). */
 //#define MRB_INT64
 
 /* if no specific integer type is chosen */
 #if !defined(MRB_INT32) && !defined(MRB_INT64)
 # if defined(MRB_64BIT) && !defined(MRB_NAN_BOXING)
-/* Use 64bit integers on 64bit architecture (without MRB_NAN_BOXING) */
+/* Use 64-bit integers on 64-bit architecture (without MRB_NAN_BOXING) */
 #  define MRB_INT64
 # else
-/* Otherwise use 32bit integers */
+/* Otherwise use 32-bit integers */
 #  define MRB_INT32
 # endif
 #endif
@@ -170,14 +154,11 @@
 //#define MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS /* Symbol.all_symbols */
 
 /* obsolete configurations */
-#ifdef MRB_METHOD_T_STRUCT
-# define MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
-#endif
 #if defined(DISABLE_STDIO) || defined(MRB_DISABLE_STDIO)
 # define MRB_NO_STDIO
 #endif
-#ifdef MRB_DISABLE_DIRECT_THREADING
-# define MRB_NO_DIRECT_THREADING
+#if defined(MRB_DISABLE_DIRECT_THREADING) || defined(MRB_NO_DIRECT_THREADING)
+# define MRB_USE_VM_SWITCH_DISPATCH
 #endif
 #if defined(ENABLE_DEBUG) || defined(MRB_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOK)
 # define MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK

include/mruby.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
 ** mruby - An embeddable Ruby implementation
 **
-** Copyright (c) mruby developers 2010-2022
+** Copyright (c) mruby developers 2010-
 **
 ** Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 ** a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
 #endif
 
 /**
- * MRuby C API entry point
+ * mruby C API entry point
  */
 MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
@@ -157,17 +157,6 @@ typedef uint32_t mrb_aspec;
 typedef struct mrb_irep mrb_irep;
 struct mrb_state;
 
-/**
- * Function pointer type of custom allocator used in @see mrb_open_allocf.
- *
- * The function pointing it must behave similarly as realloc except:
- * - If ptr is NULL it must allocate new space.
- * - If s is NULL, ptr must be freed.
- *
- * See @see mrb_default_allocf for the default implementation.
- */
-typedef void* (*mrb_allocf) (struct mrb_state *mrb, void*, size_t, void *ud);
-
 #ifndef MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK_SIZE
 #define MRB_FIXED_STATE_ATEXIT_STACK_SIZE 5
 #endif
@@ -176,6 +165,8 @@ typedef struct {
   uint8_t n:4;                  /* (15=*) c=n|nk<<4 */
   uint8_t nk:4;                 /* (15=*) */
   uint8_t cci;                  /* called from C function */
+  uint8_t vis;                  /* 5(ZERO):1(separate module):2(method visibility) */
+                                /* under 3-bit flags are copied to env, and after that, env takes precedence */
   mrb_sym mid;
   const struct RProc *proc;
   struct RProc *blk;
@@ -184,6 +175,7 @@ typedef struct {
   union {
     struct REnv *env;
     struct RClass *target_class;
+    const void *keep_context;   /* if NULL, it means that the fiber has switched; for internal use */
   } u;
 } mrb_callinfo;
 
@@ -229,22 +221,19 @@ mrb_static_assert_powerof2(MRB_METHOD_CACHE_SIZE);
  */
 typedef mrb_value (*mrb_func_t)(struct mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self);
 
-#ifndef MRB_USE_METHOD_T_STRUCT
-typedef uintptr_t mrb_method_t;
-#else
 typedef struct {
-  uint8_t flags;
+  uint32_t flags;                       /* compatible with mt keys in class.c */
+
   union {
-    struct RProc *proc;
+    const struct RProc *proc;
     mrb_func_t func;
-  };
+  } as;
 } mrb_method_t;
-#endif
 
 #ifndef MRB_NO_METHOD_CACHE
 struct mrb_cache_entry {
   struct RClass *c, *c0;
-  mrb_sym mid;
+  /* mrb_sym mid; // mid is stored in mrb_method_t::flags */
   mrb_method_t m;
 };
 #endif
@@ -256,9 +245,6 @@ typedef void (*mrb_atexit_func)(struct mrb_state*);
 typedef struct mrb_state {
   struct mrb_jmpbuf *jmp;
 
-  mrb_allocf allocf;                      /* memory allocation function */
-  void *allocf_ud;                        /* auxiliary data of allocf */
-
   struct mrb_context *c;
   struct mrb_context *root_c;
   struct iv_tbl *globals;                 /* global variable table */
@@ -298,7 +284,7 @@ typedef struct mrb_state {
   mrb_sym symhash[256];
   size_t symcapa;
 #ifndef MRB_USE_ALL_SYMBOLS
-  char symbuf[8];               /* buffer for small symbol names */
+  char symbuf[8];                         /* buffer for small symbol names */
 #endif
 
 #ifdef MRB_USE_DEBUG_HOOK
@@ -420,14 +406,17 @@ MRB_API void mrb_prepend_module(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *cla, struct RClas
  *           mrb_define_method(mrb, mrb->kernel_module, "example_method", example_method, MRB_ARGS_NONE());
  *     }
  *
- * @param mrb The MRuby state reference.
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
  * @param cla The class pointer where the method will be defined.
  * @param name The name of the method being defined.
  * @param func The function pointer to the method definition.
  * @param aspec The method parameters declaration.
  */
+
 MRB_API void mrb_define_method(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *cla, const char *name, mrb_func_t func, mrb_aspec aspec);
 MRB_API void mrb_define_method_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, mrb_sym mid, mrb_func_t func, mrb_aspec aspec);
+MRB_API void mrb_define_private_method(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *cla, const char *name, mrb_func_t func, mrb_aspec aspec);
+MRB_API void mrb_define_private_method_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, mrb_sym mid, mrb_func_t func, mrb_aspec aspec);
 
 /**
  * Defines a class method.
@@ -448,7 +437,7 @@ MRB_API void mrb_define_method_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, mrb_sym mid,
  *       foo = mrb_define_class(mrb, "Foo", mrb->object_class);
  *       mrb_define_class_method(mrb, foo, "bar", bar_method, MRB_ARGS_NONE());
  *     }
- * @param mrb The MRuby state reference.
+ * @param mrb The mruby state reference.
  * @param cla The class where the class method will be defined.
  * @param name The name of the class method being defined.
  * @param fun The function pointer to the class method definition.
@@ -484,7 +473,7 @@ MRB_API void mrb_define_singleton_method_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RObject *cla,
  *          foo = mrb_define_module(mrb, "Foo");
  *          mrb_define_module_function(mrb, foo, "bar", bar_method, MRB_ARGS_NONE());
  *        }
- *  @param mrb The MRuby state reference.
+ *  @param mrb The mruby state reference.
  *  @param cla The module where the module function will be defined.
  *  @param name The name of the module function being defined.
  *  @param fun The function pointer to the module function definition.
@@ -514,7 +503,7 @@ MRB_API void mrb_define_module_function_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *cla, m
  *          mrb_value
  *          mrb_example_gem_final(mrb_state* mrb){
  *          }
- *  @param mrb The MRuby state reference.
+ *  @param mrb The mruby state reference.
  *  @param cla A class or module the constant is defined in.
  *  @param name The name of the constant being defined.
  *  @param val The value for the constant.
@@ -798,6 +787,8 @@ MRB_API struct RClass * mrb_module_get_under_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *o
 MRB_API void mrb_notimplement(mrb_state*);
 /* a function to be replacement of unimplemented method */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_notimplement_m(mrb_state*, mrb_value);
+/* just return it self */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_obj_itself(mrb_state*, mrb_value);
 
 /**
  * Duplicate an object.
@@ -1017,7 +1008,7 @@ struct mrb_kwargs
 /**
  * Retrieve arguments from mrb_state.
  *
- * @param mrb The current MRuby state.
+ * @param mrb The current mruby state.
  * @param format is a list of format specifiers
  * @param ... The passing variadic arguments must be a pointer of retrieving type.
  * @return the number of arguments retrieved.
@@ -1081,7 +1072,7 @@ MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_block_given_p(mrb_state *mrb);
  *
  *      #include <stdio.h>
  *      #include <mruby.h>
- *      #include "mruby/compile.h"
+ *      #include <mruby/compile.h>
  *
  *      int
  *      main()
@@ -1112,7 +1103,7 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_funcall_id(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, mrb_sym mid, mrb
  *
  *      #include <stdio.h>
  *      #include <mruby.h>
- *      #include "mruby/compile.h"
+ *      #include <mruby/compile.h>
  *      int
  *      main()
  *      {
@@ -1141,8 +1132,9 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_funcall_argv(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, mrb_sym name,
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_funcall_with_block(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val, mrb_sym name, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv, mrb_value block);
 /**
- * Create a symbol from C string. But usually it's better to use MRB_SYM,
- * MRB_OPSYM, MRB_CVSYM, MRB_IVSYM, MRB_SYM_B, MRB_SYM_Q, MRB_SYM_E macros.
+ * Create a symbol from C string. But usually it's better to
+ * use MRB_SYM, MRB_OPSYM, MRB_CVSYM, MRB_IVSYM, MRB_GVSYM,
+ * MRB_SYM_B, MRB_SYM_Q, MRB_SYM_E macros.
  *
  * Example:
  *
@@ -1235,31 +1227,18 @@ MRB_API char* mrb_locale_from_utf8(const char *p, int len);
 MRB_API mrb_state* mrb_open(void);
 
 /**
- * Create new mrb_state with custom allocators.
+ * Create new mrb_state with just the mruby core
  *
  * @param f
  *      Reference to the allocation function.
+ *      Use mrb_basic_alloc_func for the default
  * @param ud
  *      User data will be passed to custom allocator f.
  *      If user data isn't required just pass NULL.
  * @return
  *      Pointer to the newly created mrb_state.
  */
-MRB_API mrb_state* mrb_open_allocf(mrb_allocf f, void *ud);
-
-/**
- * Create new mrb_state with just the MRuby core
- *
- * @param f
- *      Reference to the allocation function.
- *      Use mrb_default_allocf for the default
- * @param ud
- *      User data will be passed to custom allocator f.
- *      If user data isn't required just pass NULL.
- * @return
- *      Pointer to the newly created mrb_state.
- */
-MRB_API mrb_state* mrb_open_core(mrb_allocf f, void *ud);
+MRB_API mrb_state* mrb_open_core(void);
 
 /**
  * Closes and frees a mrb_state.
@@ -1270,14 +1249,35 @@ MRB_API mrb_state* mrb_open_core(mrb_allocf f, void *ud);
 MRB_API void mrb_close(mrb_state *mrb);
 
 /**
- * The default allocation function.
+ * The memory allocation function. You can redefine this function for your own allocator.
  *
- * @see mrb_allocf
  */
-MRB_API void* mrb_default_allocf(mrb_state*, void*, size_t, void*);
+MRB_API void* mrb_basic_alloc_func(void*, size_t);
 
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_top_self(mrb_state *mrb);
+
+/**
+ * Enter the mruby VM and execute the proc.
+ *
+ * @param mrb
+ *      The current mruby state.
+ * @param proc
+ *      An object containing `irep`.
+ *      If supplied an object containing anything other than `irep`, it will probably crash.
+ * @param self
+ *      `self` on the execution context of `proc`.
+ * @param stack_keep
+ *      Specifies the number of values to hold from the stack top.
+ *      Values on the stack outside this range will be initialized to `nil`.
+ *
+ * @note
+ *      When called from a C function defined as a method, the current stack is destroyed.
+ *      If you want to use arguments obtained by `mrb_get_args()` or other methods after `mrb_top_run()`,
+ *      you must protect them by `mrb_gc_protect()` or other ways before this function.
+ *      Or consider using `mrb_yield()` family functions.
+ */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_top_run(mrb_state *mrb, const struct RProc *proc, mrb_value self, mrb_int stack_keep);
+
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_vm_run(mrb_state *mrb, const struct RProc *proc, mrb_value self, mrb_int stack_keep);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_vm_exec(mrb_state *mrb, const struct RProc *proc, const mrb_code *iseq);
 /* compatibility macros */
@@ -1303,26 +1303,17 @@ MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_eql(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj1, mrb_value obj2);
 /* mrb_cmp(mrb, obj1, obj2): 1:0:-1; -2 for error */
 MRB_API mrb_int mrb_cmp(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj1, mrb_value obj2);
 
-MRB_INLINE int
-mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb_state *mrb)
-{
-  return mrb->gc.arena_idx;
-}
-
-MRB_INLINE void
-mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb_state *mrb, int idx)
-{
-  mrb->gc.arena_idx = idx;
-}
+#define mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb) ((mrb)->gc.arena_idx)
+#define mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, idx) ((mrb)->gc.arena_idx = (idx))
 
 MRB_API void mrb_garbage_collect(mrb_state*);
 MRB_API void mrb_full_gc(mrb_state*);
-MRB_API void mrb_incremental_gc(mrb_state *);
+MRB_API void mrb_incremental_gc(mrb_state*);
 MRB_API void mrb_gc_mark(mrb_state*,struct RBasic*);
 #define mrb_gc_mark_value(mrb,val) do {\
   if (!mrb_immediate_p(val)) mrb_gc_mark((mrb), mrb_basic_ptr(val)); \
 } while (0)
-MRB_API void mrb_field_write_barrier(mrb_state *, struct RBasic*, struct RBasic*);
+MRB_API void mrb_field_write_barrier(mrb_state*, struct RBasic*, struct RBasic*);
 #define mrb_field_write_barrier_value(mrb, obj, val) do{\
   if (!mrb_immediate_p(val)) mrb_field_write_barrier((mrb), (obj), mrb_basic_ptr(val)); \
 } while (0)
@@ -1366,7 +1357,7 @@ MRB_API mrb_noreturn void mrb_name_error(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_sym id, const char
 MRB_API mrb_noreturn void mrb_frozen_error(mrb_state *mrb, void *frozen_obj);
 MRB_API mrb_noreturn void mrb_argnum_error(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int argc, int min, int max);
 MRB_API void mrb_warn(mrb_state *mrb, const char *fmt, ...);
-MRB_API mrb_noreturn void mrb_bug(mrb_state *mrb, const char *fmt, ...);
+MRB_API mrb_noreturn void mrb_bug(mrb_state *mrb, const char *mesg);
 MRB_API void mrb_print_backtrace(mrb_state *mrb);
 MRB_API void mrb_print_error(mrb_state *mrb);
 /* function for `raisef` formatting */
@@ -1378,6 +1369,8 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_vformat(mrb_state *mrb, const char *format, va_list ap);
    + exception objects obtained from those macros are local to mrb
 */
 #define MRB_ERROR_SYM(sym) mrb_intern_lit(mrb, #sym)
+#define E_EXCEPTION          mrb->eException_class
+#define E_STANDARD_ERROR     mrb->eStandardError_class
 #define E_RUNTIME_ERROR      mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(RuntimeError))
 #define E_TYPE_ERROR         mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(TypeError))
 #define E_ZERODIV_ERROR      mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(ZeroDivisionError))
@@ -1436,12 +1429,8 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_ensure_int_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value val);
 
 /* string type checking (contrary to the name, it doesn't convert) */
 MRB_API void mrb_check_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value x, enum mrb_vtype t);
-
-MRB_INLINE void mrb_check_frozen(mrb_state *mrb, void *o)
-{
-  if (mrb_frozen_p((struct RBasic*)o)) mrb_frozen_error(mrb, o);
-}
-
+MRB_API void mrb_check_frozen(mrb_state *mrb, void *);
+MRB_API void mrb_check_frozen_value(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value v);
 MRB_API void mrb_define_alias(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, const char *a, const char *b);
 MRB_API void mrb_define_alias_id(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass *c, mrb_sym a, mrb_sym b);
 MRB_API const char *mrb_class_name(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass* klass);
@@ -1450,20 +1439,25 @@ MRB_API void mrb_define_global_const(mrb_state *mrb, const char *name, mrb_value
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_attr_get(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj, mrb_sym id);
 
 MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_respond_to(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj, mrb_sym mid);
-MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_obj_is_instance_of(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj, struct RClass* c);
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_obj_is_instance_of(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj, const struct RClass* c);
 MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_func_basic_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value obj, mrb_sym mid, mrb_func_t func);
 
 /* obsolete function(s); will be removed */
 #define mrb_int(mrb, val) mrb_as_int(mrb, val)
 
+/**
+ * Create a new Fiber from proc object
+ *
+ * Implemented in mruby-fiber
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_fiber_new(mrb_state *mrb, const struct RProc *proc);
+
 /**
  * Resume a Fiber
  *
  * Implemented in mruby-fiber
  *
  * Switches to the specified fiber and executes. Like the `Fiber#resume` method.
- *
- * @note It can only be called before entering the mruby VM (e.g. in the `main()` function).
  */
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_fiber_resume(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value fib, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv);
 
@@ -1498,13 +1492,6 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_fiber_alive_p(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value fib);
 #define E_FIBER_ERROR mrb_exc_get_id(mrb, MRB_ERROR_SYM(FiberError))
 MRB_API void mrb_stack_extend(mrb_state*, mrb_int);
 
-/* memory pool implementation */
-typedef struct mrb_pool mrb_pool;
-MRB_API struct mrb_pool* mrb_pool_open(mrb_state*);
-MRB_API void mrb_pool_close(struct mrb_pool*);
-MRB_API void* mrb_pool_alloc(struct mrb_pool*, size_t);
-MRB_API void* mrb_pool_realloc(struct mrb_pool*, void*, size_t oldlen, size_t newlen);
-MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_pool_can_realloc(struct mrb_pool*, void*, size_t);
 /* temporary memory allocation, only effective while GC arena is kept */
 MRB_API void* mrb_alloca(mrb_state *mrb, size_t);
 
@@ -1546,6 +1533,8 @@ mrbmemset(void *s, int c, size_t n)
 #define memset(a,b,c) mrbmemset(a,b,c)
 #endif
 
+#define mrb_int_hash_func(mrb,key) (uint32_t)((key)^((key)<<2)^((key)>>2))
+
 MRB_END_DECL
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_H */

include/mruby/boxing_nan.h

@@ -98,6 +98,16 @@ mrb_type(mrb_value o)
   }
 }
 
+MRB_INLINE enum mrb_vtype
+mrb_unboxed_type(mrb_value o)
+{
+  if (!mrb_float_p(o) && mrb_nb_tt(o) == MRB_NANBOX_TT_OBJECT && o.u != 0) {
+    return ((struct RBasic*)(uintptr_t)o.u)->tt;
+  } else {
+    return MRB_TT_FALSE;
+  }
+}
+
 #define NANBOX_SET_MISC_VALUE(r,t,i) NANBOX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_NANBOX_TT_MISC, ((uint64_t)(t)<<32) | (i))
 
 #define mrb_float(o) mrb_nan_boxing_value_float(o)

include/mruby/boxing_no.h

@@ -26,33 +26,34 @@ typedef struct mrb_value {
   enum mrb_vtype tt;
 } mrb_value;
 
-#define mrb_ptr(o)      (o).value.p
-#define mrb_cptr(o)     mrb_ptr(o)
+#define mrb_ptr(o)          (o).value.p
+#define mrb_cptr(o)         mrb_ptr(o)
 #ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
-#define mrb_float(o)    (o).value.f
+#define mrb_float(o)        (o).value.f
 #endif
-#define mrb_fixnum(o)   (o).value.i
-#define mrb_integer(o)  mrb_fixnum(o)
-#define mrb_symbol(o)   (o).value.sym
-#define mrb_type(o)     (o).tt
+#define mrb_fixnum(o)       (o).value.i
+#define mrb_integer(o)      mrb_fixnum(o)
+#define mrb_symbol(o)       (o).value.sym
+#define mrb_type(o)         (o).tt
+#define mrb_unboxed_type(o) (o).tt
 
-#define BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(o, ttt, attr, v) do {\
+#define BOXNO_SET_VALUE(o, ttt, attr, v) do {\
   (o).tt = ttt;\
   (o).attr = v;\
 } while (0)
 
-#define SET_NIL_VALUE(r) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 0)
-#define SET_FALSE_VALUE(r) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_TRUE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_BOOL_VALUE(r,b) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, b ? MRB_TT_TRUE : MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
-#define SET_INT_VALUE(mrb,r,n) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_INTEGER, value.i, (n))
-#define SET_FIXNUM_VALUE(r,n) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_INTEGER, value.i, (n))
+#define SET_NIL_VALUE(r) BOXNO_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 0)
+#define SET_FALSE_VALUE(r) BOXNO_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
+#define SET_TRUE_VALUE(r) BOXNO_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_TRUE, value.i, 1)
+#define SET_BOOL_VALUE(r,b) BOXNO_SET_VALUE(r, b ? MRB_TT_TRUE : MRB_TT_FALSE, value.i, 1)
+#define SET_INT_VALUE(mrb,r,n) BOXNO_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_INTEGER, value.i, (n))
+#define SET_FIXNUM_VALUE(r,n) BOXNO_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_INTEGER, value.i, (n))
 #ifndef MRB_NO_FLOAT
-#define SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb,r,v) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FLOAT, value.f, (v))
+#define SET_FLOAT_VALUE(mrb,r,v) BOXNO_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_FLOAT, value.f, (v))
 #endif
-#define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,v) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_SYMBOL, value.sym, (v))
-#define SET_OBJ_VALUE(r,v) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, (((struct RObject*)(v))->tt), value.p, (v))
-#define SET_CPTR_VALUE(mrb,r,v) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_CPTR, value.p, v)
-#define SET_UNDEF_VALUE(r) BOXNIX_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_UNDEF, value.i, 0)
+#define SET_SYM_VALUE(r,v) BOXNO_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_SYMBOL, value.sym, (v))
+#define SET_OBJ_VALUE(r,v) BOXNO_SET_VALUE(r, (((struct RObject*)(v))->tt), value.p, (v))
+#define SET_CPTR_VALUE(mrb,r,v) BOXNO_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_CPTR, value.p, v)
+#define SET_UNDEF_VALUE(r) BOXNO_SET_VALUE(r, MRB_TT_UNDEF, value.i, 0)
 
 #endif  /* MRUBY_BOXING_NO_H */

include/mruby/boxing_word.h

@@ -50,8 +50,9 @@ enum mrb_special_consts {
 #define WORDBOX_FIXNUM_FLAG     (1 << (WORDBOX_FIXNUM_BIT_POS - 1))
 #define WORDBOX_FIXNUM_MASK     ((1 << WORDBOX_FIXNUM_BIT_POS) - 1)
 
-#if defined(MRB_WORDBOX_NO_FLOAT_TRUNCATE)
+#if defined(MRB_WORDBOX_NO_FLOAT_TRUNCATE) || defined(MRB_NO_FLOAT)
 /* floats are allocated in heaps */
+#define WORDBOX_IMMEDIATE_MASK  0x03
 #define WORDBOX_SYMBOL_BIT_POS  2
 #define WORDBOX_SYMBOL_SHIFT    WORDBOX_SYMBOL_BIT_POS
 #define WORDBOX_SYMBOL_FLAG     (1 << (WORDBOX_SYMBOL_BIT_POS - 1))
@@ -68,7 +69,9 @@ enum mrb_special_consts {
 #define WORDBOX_SYMBOL_MASK     0x1f
 #endif
 
+#ifndef WORDBOX_IMMEDIATE_MASK
 #define WORDBOX_IMMEDIATE_MASK  0x07
+#endif
 
 #define WORDBOX_SET_SHIFT_VALUE(o,n,v) \
   ((o).w = (((uintptr_t)(v)) << WORDBOX_##n##_SHIFT) | WORDBOX_##n##_FLAG)
@@ -80,7 +83,7 @@ enum mrb_special_consts {
 /*
  * mrb_value representation:
  *
- * 64bit word with inline float:
+ * 64-bit word with inline float:
  *   nil   : ...0000 0000 (all bits are 0)
  *   false : ...0000 0100 (mrb_fixnum(v) != 0)
  *   true  : ...0000 1100
@@ -90,7 +93,7 @@ enum mrb_special_consts {
  *   float : ...FFFF FF10 (51 bit significands; require MRB_64BIT)
  *   object: ...PPPP P000
  *
- * 32bit word with inline float:
+ * 32-bit word with inline float:
  *   nil   : ...0000 0000 (all bits are 0)
  *   false : ...0000 0100 (mrb_fixnum(v) != 0)
  *   true  : ...0000 1100
@@ -107,7 +110,7 @@ enum mrb_special_consts {
  *   undef : ...0001 0100
  *   fixnum: ...IIII III1
  *   symbol: ...SSSS SS10
- *   object: ...PPPP P000 (any bits are 1)
+ *   object: ...PPPP PP00 (any bits are 1)
  */
 typedef struct mrb_value {
   uintptr_t w;
@@ -145,7 +148,11 @@ MRB_API mrb_value mrb_word_boxing_float_value(struct mrb_state*, mrb_float);
 #endif
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_boxing_int_value(struct mrb_state*, mrb_int);
 
+#if WORDBOX_IMMEDIATE_MASK == 0x3
+#define mrb_immediate_p(o) ((o).w & WORDBOX_IMMEDIATE_MASK || (o).w <= MRB_Qundef)
+#else
 #define mrb_immediate_p(o) ((o).w & WORDBOX_IMMEDIATE_MASK || (o).w == MRB_Qnil)
+#endif
 
 #define mrb_ptr(o)     mrb_val_union(o).p
 #define mrb_cptr(o)    mrb_val_union(o).vp->p
@@ -228,4 +235,17 @@ mrb_type(mrb_value o)
          mrb_val_union(o).bp->tt;
 }
 
+MRB_INLINE enum mrb_vtype
+mrb_unboxed_type(mrb_value o)
+{
+  if (mrb_nil_p(o)) {
+    return MRB_TT_FALSE;
+  } else if ((o.w & WORDBOX_IMMEDIATE_MASK) == 0) {
+    return mrb_val_union(o).bp->tt;
+  } else {
+    return MRB_TT_FALSE;
+  }
+}
+
+
 #endif  /* MRUBY_BOXING_WORD_H */

include/mruby/class.h

@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ struct RClass {
 MRB_INLINE struct RClass*
 mrb_class(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value v)
 {
+  if (!mrb_immediate_p(v)) {
+    return mrb_obj_ptr(v)->c;
+  }
+
   switch (mrb_type(v)) {
   case MRB_TT_FALSE:
     if (mrb_fixnum(v))
@@ -43,20 +47,19 @@ mrb_class(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value v)
 #endif
   case MRB_TT_CPTR:
     return mrb->object_class;
-  case MRB_TT_ENV:
-    return NULL;
   default:
-    return mrb_obj_ptr(v)->c;
+    return NULL;
   }
 }
 
 /* flags:
-   20: frozen
-   19: is_prepended
-   18: is_origin
-   17: is_inherited (used by method cache)
-   16: unused
-   0-15: instance type
+   20:   frozen
+   19:   is_prepended
+   18:   is_origin
+   17:   is_inherited (used by method cache)
+   7-16: unused
+   6:    prohibit Class#allocate
+   0-5:  instance type
 */
 #define MRB_FL_CLASS_IS_PREPENDED (1 << 19)
 #define MRB_FL_CLASS_IS_ORIGIN (1 << 18)
@@ -69,9 +72,13 @@ mrb_class(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value v)
   }\
 } while (0)
 #define MRB_FL_CLASS_IS_INHERITED (1 << 17)
-#define MRB_INSTANCE_TT_MASK (0xFF)
+#define MRB_INSTANCE_TT_MASK (0x1F)
 #define MRB_SET_INSTANCE_TT(c, tt) ((c)->flags = (((c)->flags & ~MRB_INSTANCE_TT_MASK) | (char)(tt)))
 #define MRB_INSTANCE_TT(c) (enum mrb_vtype)((c)->flags & MRB_INSTANCE_TT_MASK)
+#define MRB_FL_UNDEF_ALLOCATE (1 << 6)
+#define MRB_UNDEF_ALLOCATOR(c) (mrb_assert((c)->tt == MRB_TT_CLASS), (c)->flags |= MRB_FL_UNDEF_ALLOCATE)
+#define MRB_UNDEF_ALLOCATOR_P(c) ((c)->flags & MRB_FL_UNDEF_ALLOCATE)
+#define MRB_DEFINE_ALLOCATOR(c) ((c)->flags &= ~MRB_FL_UNDEF_ALLOCATE)
 
 MRB_API void mrb_define_method_raw(mrb_state*, struct RClass*, mrb_sym, mrb_method_t);
 MRB_API void mrb_alias_method(mrb_state*, struct RClass *c, mrb_sym a, mrb_sym b);

include/mruby/common.h

@@ -59,6 +59,26 @@ MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 # define mrb_deprecated
 #endif
 
+/** Declare a type or object as an alignment requirement. */
+#ifndef mrb_alignas
+# if defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201103L
+#  // https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/alignas
+#  define mrb_alignas(n) alignas(n)
+# elif defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L
+#  // https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/_Alignas
+#  define mrb_alignas(n) _Alignas(n)
+# elif defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#  // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/cpp/align-cpp?view=msvc-170
+#  define mrb_alignas(n) __declspec(align(n))
+# elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#  // https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Common-Type-Attributes.html#index-aligned-type-attribute
+#  define mrb_alignas(n) __attribute__((aligned(n)))
+# else
+#  // `mrb_alignas` defined as dummy. If necessary, send issues to https://github.com/mruby/mruby .
+#  define mrb_alignas(n)
+# endif
+#endif
+
 /** Declare a function as always inlined. */
 #if defined _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER < 1900
 # ifndef __cplusplus
@@ -67,7 +87,7 @@ MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 #endif
 #define MRB_INLINE static inline
 
-/** Declare a public MRuby API function. */
+/** Declare a public mruby API function. */
 #ifndef MRB_API
 #if defined(MRB_BUILD_AS_DLL)
 #if defined(MRB_CORE) || defined(MRB_LIB)

include/mruby/compile.h

@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@
 #define MRUBY_COMPILE_H
 
 #include "common.h"
+#include "mruby/mempool.h"
 
 /**
- * MRuby Compiler
+ * mruby Compiler
  */
 MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
 struct mrb_parser_state;
 /* load context */
-typedef struct mrbc_context {
+typedef struct mrb_ccontext {
   mrb_sym *syms;
   int slen;
   char *filename;
@@ -35,13 +36,21 @@ typedef struct mrbc_context {
   const struct RProc *upper;
 
   size_t parser_nerr;
-} mrbc_context;
+} mrb_ccontext;                 /* compiler context */
 
-MRB_API mrbc_context* mrbc_context_new(mrb_state *mrb);
-MRB_API void mrbc_context_free(mrb_state *mrb, mrbc_context *cxt);
-MRB_API const char *mrbc_filename(mrb_state *mrb, mrbc_context *c, const char *s);
-MRB_API void mrbc_partial_hook(mrb_state *mrb, mrbc_context *c, int (*partial_hook)(struct mrb_parser_state*), void*data);
-MRB_API void mrbc_cleanup_local_variables(mrb_state *mrb, mrbc_context *c);
+MRB_API mrb_ccontext* mrb_ccontext_new(mrb_state *mrb);
+MRB_API void mrb_ccontext_free(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_ccontext *cxt);
+MRB_API const char *mrb_ccontext_filename(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_ccontext *c, const char *s);
+MRB_API void mrb_ccontext_partial_hook(mrb_ccontext *c, int (*partial_hook)(struct mrb_parser_state*), void*data);
+MRB_API void mrb_ccontext_cleanup_local_variables(mrb_ccontext *c);
+
+/* compatibility macros */
+#define mrbc_context mrb_ccontext
+#define mrbc_context_new mrb_ccontext_new
+#define mrbc_context_free mrb_ccontext_free
+#define mrbc_filename mrb_ccontext_filename
+#define mrbc_partial_hook mrb_ccontext_partial_hook
+#define mrbc_cleanup_local_variables mrb_ccontext_cleanup_local_variables
 
 /* AST node structure */
 typedef struct mrb_ast_node {
@@ -114,14 +123,14 @@ struct mrb_parser_heredoc_info {
 /* parser structure */
 struct mrb_parser_state {
   mrb_state *mrb;
-  struct mrb_pool *pool;
+  mempool *pool;
   mrb_ast_node *cells;
   const char *s, *send;
 #ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
   /* If both f and s are non-null, it will be taken preferentially from s until s < send. */
   FILE *f;
 #endif
-  mrbc_context *cxt;
+  mrb_ccontext *cxt;
   mrb_sym filename_sym;
   uint16_t lineno;
   int column;
@@ -168,38 +177,45 @@ struct mrb_parser_state {
 
 MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parser_new(mrb_state*);
 MRB_API void mrb_parser_free(struct mrb_parser_state*);
-MRB_API void mrb_parser_parse(struct mrb_parser_state*,mrbc_context*);
+MRB_API void mrb_parser_parse(struct mrb_parser_state*,mrb_ccontext*);
 
 MRB_API void mrb_parser_set_filename(struct mrb_parser_state*, char const*);
 MRB_API mrb_sym mrb_parser_get_filename(struct mrb_parser_state*, uint16_t idx);
 
 /* utility functions */
 #ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
-MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parse_file(mrb_state*,FILE*,mrbc_context*);
+MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parse_file(mrb_state*,FILE*,mrb_ccontext*);
 #endif
-MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parse_string(mrb_state*,const char*,mrbc_context*);
-MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parse_nstring(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t,mrbc_context*);
+MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parse_string(mrb_state*,const char*,mrb_ccontext*);
+MRB_API struct mrb_parser_state* mrb_parse_nstring(mrb_state*,const char*,size_t,mrb_ccontext*);
 MRB_API struct RProc* mrb_generate_code(mrb_state*, struct mrb_parser_state*);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_exec(mrb_state *mrb, struct mrb_parser_state *p, mrbc_context *c);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_exec(mrb_state *mrb, struct mrb_parser_state *p, mrb_ccontext *c);
 
-/** program load functions
-* Please note! Currently due to interactions with the GC calling these functions will
-* leak one RProc object per function call.
-* To prevent this save the current memory arena before calling and restore the arena
-* right after, like so
-* int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb);
-* mrb_value status = mrb_load_string(mrb, buffer);
-* mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
-*/
+/**
+ * program load functions
+ *
+ * Please note! Currently due to interactions with the GC calling these functions will
+ * leak one RProc object per function call.
+ * To prevent this save the current memory arena before calling and restore the arena
+ * right after, like so
+ *
+ *      int ai = mrb_gc_arena_save(mrb);
+ *      mrb_value status = mrb_load_string(mrb, buffer);
+ *      mrb_gc_arena_restore(mrb, ai);
+ *
+ * Also, when called from a C function defined as a method, the current stack is destroyed.
+ * If processing continues after this function, the objects obtained from the arguments
+ * must be protected as needed before this function.
+ */
 #ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_file(mrb_state*,FILE*);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_file_cxt(mrb_state*,FILE*, mrbc_context *cxt);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_detect_file_cxt(mrb_state *mrb, FILE *fp, mrbc_context *c);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_file_cxt(mrb_state*,FILE*, mrb_ccontext *cxt);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_detect_file_cxt(mrb_state *mrb, FILE *fp, mrb_ccontext *c);
 #endif
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_string(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_nstring(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s, size_t len);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_string_cxt(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s, mrbc_context *cxt);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_nstring_cxt(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s, size_t len, mrbc_context *cxt);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_string_cxt(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s, mrb_ccontext *cxt);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_nstring_cxt(mrb_state *mrb, const char *s, size_t len, mrb_ccontext *cxt);
 
 /** @} */
 MRB_END_DECL

include/mruby/data.h

@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ MRB_API struct RData *mrb_data_object_alloc(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass* klass
 
 #define Data_Make_Struct(mrb,klass,strct,type,sval,data_obj) do { \
   (data_obj) = Data_Wrap_Struct(mrb,klass,type,NULL);\
-  (sval) = (strct *)mrb_malloc(mrb, sizeof(strct));                     \
+  (sval) = (strct*)mrb_malloc(mrb, sizeof(strct));                     \
   { static const strct zero = { 0 }; *(sval) = zero; };\
   (data_obj)->data = (sval);\
 } while (0)
 
-#define RDATA(obj)         ((struct RData *)(mrb_ptr(obj)))
+#define RDATA(obj)         ((struct RData*)(mrb_ptr(obj)))
 #define DATA_PTR(d)        (RDATA(d)->data)
 #define DATA_TYPE(d)       (RDATA(d)->type)
 MRB_API void mrb_data_check_type(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value, const mrb_data_type*);

include/mruby/debug.h

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include "common.h"
 
 /**
- * MRuby Debugging.
+ * mruby Debugging.
  */
 MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ typedef struct mrb_irep_debug_info {
 } mrb_irep_debug_info;
 
 /*
- * get line from irep's debug info and program counter
+ * get filename from irep's debug info and program counter
  * @return returns NULL if not found
  */
 MRB_API const char *mrb_debug_get_filename(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep *irep, uint32_t pc);
@@ -57,6 +57,12 @@ MRB_API const char *mrb_debug_get_filename(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep *irep,
  */
 MRB_API int32_t mrb_debug_get_line(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep *irep, uint32_t pc);
 
+/*
+ * get line and filename from irep's debug info and program counter
+ * @return returns FALSE if not found
+ */
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_debug_get_position(mrb_state *mrb, const mrb_irep *irep, uint32_t pc, int32_t *lp, const char **fp);
+
 MRB_API mrb_irep_debug_info *mrb_debug_info_alloc(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep *irep);
 MRB_API mrb_irep_debug_info_file *mrb_debug_info_append_file(
     mrb_state *mrb, mrb_irep_debug_info *info,

include/mruby/dump.h

@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 /* flags for mrb_dump_irep{,_binary,_cfunc,_cstruct} */
 #define MRB_DUMP_DEBUG_INFO 1
 #define MRB_DUMP_STATIC 2
-#define DUMP_DEBUG_INFO MRB_DUMP_DEBUG_INFO  /* deprecated */
+#define MRB_DUMP_NO_LVAR 4
 
 #ifndef MRB_NO_STDIO
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_irep_file(mrb_state*,FILE*);
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_irep_file_cxt(mrb_state*, FILE*, mrbc_context*);
+MRB_API mrb_value mrb_load_irep_file_cxt(mrb_state*, FILE*, mrb_ccontext*);
 mrb_irep *mrb_read_irep_file(mrb_state*, FILE*);
 int mrb_dump_irep_binary(mrb_state*, const mrb_irep*, uint8_t, FILE*);
 #endif

include/mruby/endian.h

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ static inline int
 check_little_endian(void)
 {
   unsigned int n = 1;
-  return (*(unsigned char *)&n == 1);
+  return (*(unsigned char*)&n == 1);
 }
 #  define littleendian check_little_endian()
 #endif

include/mruby/error.h

@@ -10,15 +10,15 @@
 #include "common.h"
 
 /**
- * MRuby error handling.
+ * mruby error handling.
  */
 MRB_BEGIN_DECL
 
 struct RException {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
   struct iv_tbl *iv;
-  struct RObject *mesg;         // NULL or probably RString
-  struct RObject *backtrace;    // NULL, RArray or RData
+  struct RBasic *mesg;         // NULL or probably RString
+  struct RBasic *backtrace;    // NULL, RArray or RData
 };
 
 /* error that should terminate execution */
@@ -34,26 +34,33 @@ struct RException {
 MRB_API mrb_noreturn void mrb_sys_fail(mrb_state *mrb, const char *mesg);
 MRB_API mrb_value mrb_exc_new_str(mrb_state *mrb, struct RClass* c, mrb_value str);
 #define mrb_exc_new_lit(mrb, c, lit) mrb_exc_new_str(mrb, c, mrb_str_new_lit(mrb, lit))
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_make_exception(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_int argc, const mrb_value *argv);
 MRB_API mrb_noreturn void mrb_no_method_error(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_sym id, mrb_value args, const char *fmt, ...);
 
-/* declaration for `fail` method */
-MRB_API mrb_value mrb_f_raise(mrb_state*, mrb_value);
-
 #if defined(MRB_64BIT) || defined(MRB_USE_FLOAT32) || defined(MRB_NAN_BOXING) || defined(MRB_WORD_BOXING)
+#undef MRB_USE_RBREAK_VALUE_UNION
+#else
+#define MRB_USE_RBREAK_VALUE_UNION 1
+#endif
+
+/*
+ *  flags:
+ *      0..7:   enum mrb_vtype (only when defined MRB_USE_RBREAK_VALUE_UNION)
+ *      8..10:  RBREAK_TAGs in src/vm.c (otherwise, set to 0)
+ */
 struct RBreak {
   MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
-  const struct RProc *proc;
+  uintptr_t ci_break_index; // The top-level ci index to break. One before the return destination.
+#ifndef MRB_USE_RBREAK_VALUE_UNION
   mrb_value val;
+#else
+  union mrb_value_union value;
+#endif
 };
+
+#ifndef MRB_USE_RBREAK_VALUE_UNION
 #define mrb_break_value_get(brk) ((brk)->val)
 #define mrb_break_value_set(brk, v) ((brk)->val = v)
 #else
-struct RBreak {
-  MRB_OBJECT_HEADER;
-  const struct RProc *proc;
-  union mrb_value_union value;
-};
 #define RBREAK_VALUE_TT_MASK ((1 << 8) - 1)
 static inline mrb_value
 mrb_break_value_get(struct RBreak *brk)
@@ -70,9 +77,16 @@ mrb_break_value_set(struct RBreak *brk, mrb_value val)
   brk->flags &= ~RBREAK_VALUE_TT_MASK;
   brk->flags |= val.tt;
 }
-#endif  /* MRB_64BIT || MRB_USE_FLOAT32 || MRB_NAN_BOXING || MRB_WORD_BOXING */
-#define mrb_break_proc_get(brk) ((brk)->proc)
-#define mrb_break_proc_set(brk, p) ((brk)->proc = p)
+#endif  /* MRB_USE_RBREAK_VALUE_UNION */
+
+/**
+ * Error check
+ *
+ */
+/* clear error status in the mrb_state structure */
+MRB_API void mrb_clear_error(mrb_state *mrb);
+/* returns TRUE if error in the previous call; internally calls mrb_clear_error() */
+MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_check_error(mrb_state *mrb);
 
 /**
  * Protect

include/mruby/gc.h

@@ -34,55 +34,33 @@ typedef enum {
   MRB_GC_STATE_SWEEP
 } mrb_gc_state;
 
-/* Disable MSVC warning "C4200: nonstandard extension used: zero-sized array
- * in struct/union" when in C++ mode */
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(push)
-#pragma warning(disable : 4200)
-#endif
-
-typedef struct mrb_heap_page {
-  struct RBasic *freelist;
-  struct mrb_heap_page *prev;
-  struct mrb_heap_page *next;
-  struct mrb_heap_page *free_next;
-  struct mrb_heap_page *free_prev;
-  mrb_bool old:1;
-  /* Flexible array members area a C99 feature, not C++ compatible */
-  /* void* objects[]; */
-} mrb_heap_page;
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#pragma warning(pop)
-#endif
-
 typedef struct mrb_gc {
-  mrb_heap_page *heaps;                /* heaps for GC */
-  mrb_heap_page *sweeps;
-  mrb_heap_page *free_heaps;
-  size_t live; /* count of live objects */
+  struct mrb_heap_page *heaps;     /* all heaps pages */
+  struct mrb_heap_page *free_heaps;/* heaps for allocation */
+  struct mrb_heap_page *sweeps;    /* page where sweep starts */
+  struct RBasic *gray_list;        /* list of gray objects to be traversed incrementally */
+  struct RBasic *atomic_gray_list; /* list of objects to be traversed atomically */
+  size_t live;                     /* count of live objects */
+  size_t live_after_mark;          /* old generation objects */
+  size_t threshold;                /* threshold to start GC */
+  size_t oldgen_threshold;         /* threshold to kick major GC */
+  mrb_gc_state state;              /* current state of gc */
+  int interval_ratio;
+  int step_ratio;
+  int current_white_part :2;       /* make white object by white_part */
+  mrb_bool iterating     :1;       /* currently iterating over objects */
+  mrb_bool disabled      :1;       /* GC disabled */
+  mrb_bool generational  :1;       /* generational GC mode */
+  mrb_bool full          :1;       /* major GC mode */
+  mrb_bool out_of_memory :1;       /* out-of-memory error occurred */
+
 #ifdef MRB_GC_FIXED_ARENA
   struct RBasic *arena[MRB_GC_ARENA_SIZE]; /* GC protection array */
 #else
   struct RBasic **arena;                   /* GC protection array */
-  int arena_capa;
+  int arena_capa;                          /* size of protection array */
 #endif
   int arena_idx;
-
-  mrb_gc_state state; /* state of gc */
-  int current_white_part; /* make white object by white_part */
-  struct RBasic *gray_list; /* list of gray objects to be traversed incrementally */
-  struct RBasic *atomic_gray_list; /* list of objects to be traversed atomically */
-  size_t live_after_mark;
-  size_t threshold;
-  int interval_ratio;
-  int step_ratio;
-  mrb_bool iterating     :1;
-  mrb_bool disabled      :1;
-  mrb_bool full          :1;
-  mrb_bool generational  :1;
-  mrb_bool out_of_memory :1;
-  size_t majorgc_old_threshold;
 } mrb_gc;
 
 MRB_API mrb_bool mrb_object_dead_p(struct mrb_state *mrb, struct RBasic *object);